US20110094398A1 - Method for producing perforated or partially perforated stencils with a relief - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing a stencil, which has on its upper side a relief with a multiplicity of openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern, and to a stencil of this type. In order to permit greater relief heights, and consequently increased freedom of design of patterns to be applied, the stencil is provided with a body having at least one non-perforated non-metal relief layer. The material of the relief layer is removed according to the pattern by laser or plasma radiation to form the multiplicity of openings of the relief. Through-openings which extend to a rear side opposite from the upper side are provided at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief. A stencil with a stencil body (10) may be obtained, which has at least one non-metal relief layer, formed in the upper side of which is a relief with a multiplicity of openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern. Through-openings which extend to a rear side opposite from the upper side are provided here at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a Continuation of co-pending International Application No. PCT/EP2009/007608, filed on Oct. 23, 2009, and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §120, the entire contents of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention
• The invention relates to a method for producing perforated or partially perforated stencils which have on their upper side a relief with a multiplicity of openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern, and relates to stencils of this type.
• 2. Brief Discussion of the Related Art
• EP 1 884 582 B1 already discloses a method for producing a stencil or a screen in which a screen body is first provided, having a multiplicity of through-openings which extend from the upper side to the rear side. In order to form a relief in the upper side, lower-lying regions or openings are removed by a chemical process by etching or by means of laser radiation in accordance with a desired pattern. The screen body that is provided with a multiplicity of through-openings may in principle consist here of non-metallic materials, such as for example plastic, ceramic, natural resin or lacquer materials that are suitable for forming stable sheet-like elements, composite materials or a combination thereof, but only the production of screen bodies made of metal, such as nickel, copper or aluminum, or alloys thereof, is described in detail here.
• US 2008/0193790 A1 discloses a screen drum which serves for producing nonwovens by means of a liquid jet bonding process. The screen drum has here on its upper side, to which the fibrous material is applied, lower-lying regions or openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern. The screen drum is galvanically produced in two phases. In a first phase, a carrier screen with a multiplicity of through-openings is created. After achieving the desired thickness, then, in a second phase, the thickness of the screen drum is further increased only where raised regions are intended, so that lower-lying regions or openings of a relief occur. The walls of the openings of the relief are slightly inclined outwardly.
• DE 10 2007 059 794 A1 discloses a method for producing a screen printing stencil in which recesses are machined out of a metallic carrier substrate from the later scraper side, in order to create a carrier network. On the later substrate side, the structure to be printed is then machined in the form of further recesses, so that openings for the pasty screening material form at the places at which the fronts of the recesses on both sides meet in the stencil body. The production of the stencil is performed here by micro-etching or laser ablation.
• However, production methods of this type only permit limited relief heights. In the case of galvanic stencils, it is also disadvantageous that the through-openings become increasingly narrow with increasing thickness, which further restricts relief heights.
• Against this background, the invention is based on the object of providing a further method for producing stencils and improved stencils that permits greater relief heights and consequently greater freedom of design for patterns to be applied.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• According to the invention, therefore, a stencil is produced by removing material to form the relief by means of laser or plasma radiation from a stencil body which has a relief layer of non-metallic material. Through-openings are provided here at least in the region of the bottom of the openings of the relief.
• Depending on the application and the thickness of the relief layer, direct removal of material from the relief layer allows relief depths of up to several millimeters to be readily achieved. The use of laser or plasma radiation, in particular of laser or plasma radiation of a high energy density, provides a great freedom of design for stencils with patterns for a wide variety of applications. In particular, the freedom of design for creating desired patterns is improved by the fact that the use of radiation for structuring the stencils allows a wide variety of materials to be provided for the stencils.
• According to the invention, therefore, a stencil body which has at least one non-metal relief layer, particularly a non-perforated layer, is provided, and the material of the relief layer is subsequently removed according to the pattern by means of laser or plasma radiation to form the multiplicity of openings of the relief, through-openings which extend to a rear side opposite from the upper side being provided at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief.
• If the stencil body has no carrier layer or a non-perforated metal or non-metal carrier layer on the rear side of the relief layer, through-openings are introduced into the stencil body, at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief, by means of laser radiation.
• If, on the other hand, the stencil body has a perforated carrier layer, particularly a metal screen, on the rear side of the relief layer, through-openings are formed, at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief, by at least partial exposure of the openings in the carrier layer by means of laser or plasma radiation, in particular the through-openings in the bottom region of the openings of the relief may be exposed by completely removing the relief layer.
• The forming or exposing of the through-openings by means of suitable laser or plasma radiation has the advantage that the entire processing of the stencil body can be carried out in one or more steps in one and the same processing station.
• Furthermore, if so required, as for example in the case of water jet bonding of wovens or nonwovens, it is possible that non-pattern-forming openings or perforations are introduced into the relief layer in a plateau region outside the openings of the relief by means of laser radiation, these non-pattern-forming openings being congruent with the openings of the carrier layer to form through-openings. However, it is also possible to form the non-pattern-forming openings or perforations in such a way that they differ in shape, size and/or arrangement from the openings of the carrier layer. In this way, the permeability of the stencil can be differently formed in different stencils or regions of the pattern, in order in this way to assist the pattern formation.
• The possibilities for variation within patterns is further increased if material of the relief layer is also removed by means of laser radiation outside the openings, so that plateau regions outside the openings of the relief have different heights; as in the case where the plateau heights are the same, here, too, the walls of the openings may be inclined, beveled, rounded or graduated in the form of steps with respect to the surrounding plateau region when forming the openings, which expediently takes place by modulation of the radiation power density.
• Furthermore, the surface of the plateau regions outside the openings may be provided with a regular, random or pseudo-random microstructure.
• In addition, the surface of the plateau regions or the entire exposed surface of the relief layer may be provided with a coating, which preferably consists of metal or suitable Teflons, in order to adapt the surface properties to a desired intended use. Coatings of this type may be applied in various ways, in particular chemically, galvanically or by spraying or printing techniques.
• A stencil according to the invention therefore has at least one non-metal relief layer, in the upper side of which a relief is formed with a multiplicity of openings, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern, through-openings which extend to a rear side opposite from the upper side being provided at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief.
• The stencil body expediently has on the rear side of the relief layer a non-perforated metal or non-metal carrier layer, which is provided with through-openings at least in the bottom region of the openings of the relief.
• The carrier layer may particularly consist here of glass- or carbon-fiber reinforced metal or non-metal.
• A perforated carrier layer, for example a metal screen, may also be provided, the through-openings of which are at least partially exposed in the bottom region of the openings of the relief.
• If the relief layer has non-pattern-forming through-openings or perforations that are introduced by means of laser radiation in a plateau region outside the openings of the relief, it is expedient if they are congruent with the openings of the carrier layer.
• However, it is also possible that the non-pattern-forming through-openings or perforations differ in shape, size and/or arrangement from the openings of the carrier layer.
• A development of the invention is distinguished by the fact that the metal screen is produced galvanically.
• If, instead of a galvanic metal screen, a metal screen of wire gauze is used, it is advantageous if it is provided with a galvanic surface coating. However, it is also conceivable to use a screen made of stainless steel. In the case of a surface coating, however, the metal screen is particularly stable, which is advantageous under compressive loading.
• In order to further increase the possibilities for designing the patterns, it is provided in the case of an expedient refinement of the invention that plateau regions outside the openings of the relief have different heights, it being possible, as in the case of stencils with patterns of uniform plateau height, for the walls of the openings to be inclined, beveled, rounded or graduated in the form of steps with respect to the surrounding plateau region.
• In order to adapt the surface properties of the stencil to the respective intended use, it is provided that the surface of the plateau regions outside the openings is provided with a regular, random or pseudo-random microstructure, and/or that the surface of the plateau regions or the entire exposed surface of the relief layer is provided with a coating.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments that are represented in the drawing, in which:
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention which is perforated only in the bottom region of openings of a relief;
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention in which a relief layer that is only perforated, that is to say provided with through-openings, in the bottom region of the openings of the relief is formed on a carrier layer;
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a stencil according to the invention, as shown inFIG. 1 or2;
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 2, in which the carrier layer is formed as a screen and is perforated over its entire surface area;
• FIG. 5 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 4, in which parts of the relief layer in the bottom region of openings of the relief have been left;
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 4, in which plateau regions outside the openings have different heights;
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 4, in which the surface of the plateau regions outside the openings of the relief is structured;
• FIG. 8 shows various schematic sections in the region of the edges of the openings of the relief;
• FIG. 9 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 4, in which the surface of the plateaus is coated;
• FIG. 10 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 4 or9, in which the entire surface of the relief is coated;
• FIG. 11 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 7, in which the entire surface of the relief is coated;
• FIG. 12 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 4, in which through-holes or perforations are formed in the plateau region and are in line with the through-openings or perforations of the carrier layer;
• FIG. 13 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 12, in which the surface of the plateaus is structured;
• FIG. 14 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 13, in which the entire surface of the relief is coated;
• FIG. 15 shows a schematic plan view of a stencil according to the invention, as shown inFIGS. 12 to 14;
• FIG. 16 shows a schematic section through a stencil according to the invention, similar toFIG. 12, in which however the perforations or through-holes in the relief layer differ in shape, size and/or arrangement from the through-openings or perforations of the carrier layer; and
• FIG. 17 shows a schematic plan view of a pattern region of a stencil according to the invention, as shown inFIG. 16.
• In the various figures of the drawing, elements that correspond to one another are provided with the same designations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• As shown inFIG. 1, a stencil according to the invention, which is formed as a partially perforated plate or as a cylinder, has astencil body10, which may be formed as a plate or cylinder and has arelief layer11, formed in which are clearances oropenings12, the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern. Provided in thebottom region13 of the openings20 is acarrier layer portion11′ of thestencil body10 with perforations or through-openings14, which, depending on the application area of the stencil, allow air or liquid to pass through.
• A main application area of the stencil according to the invention is the liquid jet bonding of fibrous fleeces in the production of nonwovens that are provided with patterns in the form of a relief. Theopenings12 or recesses in the stencil body correspond here to the pattern to be impressed onto the nonwoven.
• The stencil according to the invention can, however, also be used in scatter printing, where the stencil is then formed as a cylinder, to the inside of which a vacuum is applied. Theopenings12 can then be filled with bulk material, that is to say with granules or small pellets, which are held in theopenings12 by the vacuum applied to the inside of the cylindrical stencil. With the aid of a sheet lying on the inside, the through-openings14 can then be separated from the vacuum wherever the bulk material is intended to be discharged onto a substrate to be printed onto by the scatter printing process.
• The stencil according to the invention can also be used as a printing plate or impression cylinder in screen printing, in particular wherever large amounts are to be applied to absorbent substrates, such as for example fabrics or carpets. Here, the printing ink is forced through the through-openings14 in thebottom region13 of theopenings12 into the latter and then transferred out of them onto the substrate.
• In order to obtain protection here from wear caused by scraping forces, it is expedient if, as shown inFIG. 2, thestencil body10 has aseparate carrier layer15, which preferably consists of metal and, as also shown inFIG. 4, is particularly formed as a metal screen.
• Furthermore, the perforating and embossing of foils with a cylindrical stencil is possible if the latter has a relief and a surface of an appropriate form, as can be produced according to the invention in a simple way.
• To produce a stencil according to the invention, firstly astencil body10 is provided, formed as a plate or cylinder. Thestencil body10 consists here either of acontinuous relief layer11 with acarrier layer portion11′ remote from itsupper side10′ or of a composite material in which therelief layer11 is arranged on acarrier layer15.
• The relief layer consists of a non-metal, for example of a synthetic or natural polymer, rubber, hard rubber or other vulcanized materials, ceramic or suitable silicones. Particularly suitable for thecarrier layer15 are metals, but also glass- or carbon-fiber reinforced plastics. Apart from non-perforated metal layers, particularly suitable as thecarrier layer15 are metal screens made of nickel, copper or other metals, which can be galvanically produced, or which are formed as wire gauze. In the case of composite materials of this type, the non-metallic relief layer is materially bonded to themetallic carrier layer15, in order to obtain thestencil body10 formed as a laminate.
• If radiation is used, particularly laser or plasma radiation, material of the relief layer is then removed in order to form the desired relief with theopenings12 and theplateau regions16 lying outside theopenings12. After forming the relief or when forming the relief, the through-openings14 are then produced in thebottom region13 of theopenings12 in thecarrier layer portion11′ or the carrier layer15 (cf.FIG. 2), likewise by corresponding removal of material.
• If, as shown inFIG. 4, a screen is used as thecarrier layer15, the through-openings14 are formed by the screen openings. In this case, it is merely necessary to expose the corresponding screen openings.
• If, as shown inFIG. 5, in spite of the use of acarrier layer15, material of therelief layer11 is left in thebottom region13 of theopenings12, in order for example in the case ofnarrow plateau regions16 to obtain better stability and adhesive attachment of therelief layer11 in the region of the small plateaus, the corresponding screen openings are formed by forming through-openings14′ in the relief layer, in order to obtain the through-openings14.
• If, when using a screen of wire gauze, the relief layer is exposed in the region of the openings, it is expedient if the wire gauze is galvanically coated, in order in each case to smooth the screen in the crossing region of the wires.
• As shown inFIG. 6, reliefs for any desired patterns can be produced from therelief layer11, inparticular plateau regions16 of therelief layer11 outside theopenings12 may be provided with different heights. Theplateau regions16 of different heights may be obtained here, for example, by the material removal taking place in a number of steps one after the other, or by the energy density for the material removal being chosen to be greater or smaller by modulation of the power of the laser or plasma, depending on whether openings or plateaus of small height or great height are to be formed.
• As shown inFIG. 8, modulation of the radiation power also allows rounded and/or inclined and/or stepped edge transitions to be produced between the plateaus and the openings. In order to produce sharp edges (right-angled edges), the power is switched from 0 directly to the desired level. In the case of rounded edges, the power is varied in accordance with the desired form of the edges, dependent on the advancement of the radiation beam.
• Depending on the application, theupper side10′ of thestencil body10 may also be provided with an additional surface structure, as is shown inFIG. 7. The surface structure may be formed here either by suitable processes during the production of therelief layer11, or it may be created during the removal of material to form the relief by means of laser or plasma radiation. WhileFIG. 7 shows a microstructure which is formed randomly in terms of height and lateral size, regular microstructures may also be provided, as are used in particular for the embossing and perforating of foils.
• As shown inFIGS. 9 to 10, the upper side of therelief layer11, that is just the plateau regions thereof or the entire exposed surface of therelief layer11, and possibly thecarrier layer15, may be provided with acoating17. Thecoating17 may be a metallization which has been applied chemically, galvanically or by a spraying technique. If thecoating17 is only desired on the upper side of theplateau regions16, as shown inFIG. 9, it can also be applied by a printing technique.
• If thecoating17 is also provided in thebottom region13, exposure of the through-opening14 in thecarrier layer15 is subsequently necessary. If, in a way similar to inFIG. 1 or2, a non-perforatedcarrier layer portion11 ornon-perforated carrier layer15 is provided, the through-openings14 should be produced after the forming of thecoating17.
• The previously described exemplary embodiments concern stencils in which theplateau regions16 outside theopenings12 have no perforations or through-openings, as shown in the plan view ofFIG. 3.
• However, it is also possible, depending on the application and the lateral size of the plateau regions, likewise to provide the latter with perforations or through-openings18, as is shown inFIGS. 12 to 15. In the case of the exemplary embodiments as shown inFIG. 12 or13, the perforations or through-openings18 may be produced here at the same time as theopenings12 or in separate operations. In the case of the stencil shown inFIG. 14 with acoating17 on the surface, however, the perforations or through-openings18 must be formed in a separate method step after the application of the coating.
• As shown inFIGS. 12 to 15, the through-openings18 in therelief layer11 are aligned with the openings in the screen-like carrier layer15. In production, therelief layer11 may be already provided in the perforated state and be formed with the screen-like carrier layer15 in such a way that the through-openings18 in therelief layer11 and thecarrier layer15 are aligned with one another. However, it is also possible first to connect anon-perforated relief layer11 andcarrier layer15 to each other and then create the through-openings18, which extend through both layers. This is possible, for example, by means of laser radiation, plasma radiation, a water jet or mechanically, particularly by drilling.
• However, it is also possible that the density (number per surface area), distribution, and lateral size of the perforations or through-openings18 in the pattern orplateau regions16 of therelief layer11 and/or of the openings in the carrier layer are different from one another, as long as some of the openings in therelief layer11 and in thecarrier layer15 in each case have regions of overlap with one another.
• For example,FIG. 17 shows in the carrier layer15 a matrix-like arrangement ofopenings12 of different lateral sizes, while the through-openings18 in therelief layer11 are arranged in the form of a honeycomb.
• The use of laser or plasma radiation with a high energy density allows any desired pattern-like reliefs and perforations or through-openings to be formed according to the invention in non-metallic portions of basic stencil bodies, as are required, for example, in the case of water jet bonding of nonwovens. The invention allows in particular large relief depths in the range of 2 or 3 or more millimeters, which cannot be achieved with conventional techniques.
• Plasma radiation is used here for coarser structures, while fine and ultrafine structures, in particular cleanly formed embossed edges, can be produced with desired shaping by means of laser radiation. Particularly when forming fine and ultrafine structures, it is expedient here if the surface of the stencils is coated, that is metallized or provided with Teflons or the like, in order to obtain specific surface finishes and/or to protect the surface from wear.

Claims (24)

1. A method for producing a stencil, which has on its upper side a relief (11) with a multiplicity of openings (12), the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern, with the following steps:

providing a stencil body (10), which has at least one non-metal relief layer (11), and

removing the material of the relief layer (11) according to the pattern by means of laser or plasma radiation to form the multiplicity of openings (12) of the relief, through-openings (14) which extend to a rear side opposite from the upper side being provided at least in the bottom region (13) of the openings (12) of the relief.

2. The method as claimed inclaim 1, the stencil body (10) having no carrier layer (15) or a non-perforated metal or non-metal carrier layer on the rear side of the relief layer and the through-openings (14) that are provided at least in the bottom region (13) of the openings (12) of the relief being introduced into the stencil body (10) by means of laser radiation.

3. The method as claimed inclaim 1, the stencil body (10) having a perforated carrier layer (15), particularly a metal screen, on the rear side of the relief layer (11) and the through-openings (14) that are provided at least in the bottom region (13) of the openings (12) of the relief being formed by at least partial exposure of the openings (14) in the carrier layer (15) by means of laser radiation.

4. The method as claimed inclaim 3, the through-openings (14) in the bottom region (13) of the openings (12) of the relief being exposed by completely removing the relief layer (11).

5. The method as claimed inclaim 3, non-pattern-forming openings or perforations being introduced into the relief layer (11) in a plateau region (16) outside the openings (12) of the relief by means of laser radiation, these non-pattern-forming openings being congruent with the openings (14) of the carrier layer (15), to form through-openings (14).

6. The method as claimed inclaim 3, non-pattern-forming openings or perforations being introduced into the relief layer (11) in a plateau region (16) outside the openings (12) of the relief by means of laser radiation, these non-pattern-forming openings differing in shape, size and/or arrangement from the openings (14) of the carrier layer (15), to form through-openings (14).

7. The method as claimed inclaim 1, material of the relief layer (11) also being removed by means of laser radiation outside the openings (12), so that plateau regions (16) outside the openings (12) of the relief have different heights.

8. The method as claimed inclaim 1, walls of the openings (12) being inclined, beveled, rounded or graduated in the form of steps with respect to the surrounding plateau region (16) when forming the openings (12).

9. The method as claimed inclaim 8, the transitions between the openings (12) and the plateau regions (16) of the relief layer (11) being inclined, beveled, rounded or graduated in the form of steps by modulation of the radiation power density.

10. The method as claimed inclaim 1, the surface of the plateau regions (16) outside the openings (12) being provided with a regular, random or pseudo-random microstructure.

11. The method as claimed inclaim 1, the surface of the plateau regions (16) or the entire exposed surface of the relief layer (11) being provided with a coating (17).

12. The method as claimed inclaim 11, the coating (17) consisting of metal, which is applied chemically, galvanically or by spraying or printing techniques.

13. A stencil with a stencil body (10), which has at least one non-metal relief layer (11), in the surface of which there is formed a relief with a multiplicity of openings (12), the contours of which correspond to a desired pattern, through-openings (14) which extend to a rear side opposite from the upper side being provided at least in the bottom region (13) of the openings (12) of the relief.

14. The stencil as claimed inclaim 13, the stencil body (10) having on the rear side of the relief layer (11) a non-perforated metal or non-metal carrier layer (15), which is provided with through-openings (14) at least in the bottom region (13) of the openings (12) of the relief.

15. The stencil as claimed inclaim 14, the carrier layer (15) consisting of glass- or carbon-fiber reinforced metal or non-metal.

16. The stencil as claimed inclaim 13, the stencil body (10) having on the rear side of the relief layer (11) a perforated carrier layer (15), particularly a metal screen, the through-openings (14) of which are at least partially exposed, at least in the bottom region (13) of the openings (12) of the relief.

17. The stencil as claimed inclaim 16, the relief layer (11) having non-pattern-forming through-openings (18) or perforations in a plateau region (16) outside the openings (12) of the relief, these non-pattern-forming openings being introduced by means of laser radiation and congruent with the openings (14) of the carrier layer (15).

18. The stencil as claimed inclaim 16, the relief layer (11) having non-pattern-forming through-openings (18) or perforations in a plateau region (16) outside the openings (12) of the relief, these non-pattern-forming openings being introduced by means of laser radiation and differing in shape, size and/or arrangement from the openings (14) of the carrier layer (15).

19. The stencil as claimed inclaim 16, the metal screen being produced galvanically.

20. The stencil as claimed inclaim 16, the metal screen consisting of a wire gauze with a galvanic surface coating.

21. The stencil as claimed inclaim 13, plateau regions (16) outside the openings (12) of the relief having different heights.

22. The stencil as claimed inclaim 13, walls of the openings (12) being inclined, beveled, rounded or graduated in the form of steps with respect to the surrounding plateau region (16).

23. The stencil as claimed inclaim 13, the surface of the plateau regions (16) outside the openings (12) being provided with a regular, random or pseudo-random microstructure.

24. The stencil as claimed inclaim 13, the surface of the plateau regions (16) or the entire exposed surface of the relief layer (11) being provided with a coating (17).

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