US20110024076A1 - Microclimate management system - Google Patents

Abstract

A microclimate management system (10) comprises a mattress (16), a topper (18), and a control system (14). The topper (18) is coupled to the mattress (16) and is supported thereon. The topper (18) defines an interior region (42) and a person contacting surface (52). The control system (14) is configured to maintain at least one of a surface temperature, a relative surface humidity, and a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface (52) within a predetermined operating

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/045,111 titled MICROCLIMATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM filed on Apr. 15, 2008, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
• This disclosure relates to microclimate management systems, and more particularly, but not exclusively to microclimate management systems adapted to maintain the temperature and/or relative humidity of a patient contacting surface of a support device within a predetermined range in some exemplary embodiments.
• Patients lying on support devices, such as hospital bed mattresses, for extended periods of time are susceptible to the development of pressure ulcers (also known as decubitus ulcers or bedsores). Pressure ulcers are lesions often found adjacent bony or cartilaginous areas. Pressure ulcers may be caused by tissue forces, such as, for example, pressure, i.e., compression of tissues, shear force, and friction. Pressure ulcer formation may be exacerbated by the presence of excess body heat and/or moisture.
• While various microclimate management systems have been developed, in certain applications there is still room for improvement. Thus, a need persists for further contributions in this area of technology.
SUMMARY
• One illustrative embodiment, a microclimate management system including a support device, a fluid supply, and a controller having an instruction set that causes the controller to regulate the rate and temperature of fluid supplied by the fluid supply to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of a least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m². In another illustrative embodiment, a microclimate management system can include a mattress, a topper supported on the mattress, and a control system configured to maintain at least one of the surface temperature, humidity, and heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined range. In yet another illustrative embodiment, a microclimate management system including a support device, a fluid supply, and a controller having an instruction set that causes the controller to regulate the rate and temperature of fluid supplied by the fluid supply to maintain a surface temperature of at least a portion of the person contacting surface above 88° F. and a relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 95%. In still another illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply in communication with a topper is regulated as a function of at least one of the temperature and the relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface to maintain at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In a further illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply in communication with a support device is regulated as a function of at least two of the temperature and the relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface and a user input to maintain at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In yet a further illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply in communication with a topper is regulated as a function of at least one of the temperature and the relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface, and a user input to maintain at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In still a further illustrative embodiment, at least one of a rate and a temperature of a fluid supplied by a fluid supply to a support device is regulated as a function of the temperature and relative humidity of the person contacting surface to maintain the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In another illustrative embodiment, an apparatus includes a mattress, a topper, and a sensor configured to sense at least one of a temperature or a person contacting surface, a relative humidity of a person contacting surface, a temperature of the fluid within the topper, and a relative humidity of the fluid within the topper. In yet another illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply is selected to cooperate with at least one of the fluid permeability parameter of the cover, the thickness parameter of the cover, the thermal conductivity of the cover, the fluid resistance parameter of the spacer, the fluid permeability parameter of the spacer, the thermal conductivity parameter of the spacer, and the thickness parameter of the spacer to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m². In still another embodiment, at least one of the fluid permeability parameter of the cover, the thickness parameter of the cover, the thermal conductivity of the cover, the fluid resistance parameter of the spacer, the fluid permeability parameter of the spacer, the thermal conductivity parameter of the spacer, and the thickness parameter of the spacer is varied to cooperate with the fluid supply to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m².
• Further embodiments of this disclosure will become apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings included herewithin.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the pressure exerted on the skin and the amount of time the pressure is exerted before damage to the skin occurs for a given skin temperature.
• FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating some principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a microclimate management system according to one embodiment of the current disclosure including a support device and a control system.
• FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 3 illustrating the controller and sensors positioned within a cover of the support device.
• FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional side view of the illustrative support device ofFIG. 3 including a low air-loss topper positioned on top of the upper mattress surface of the mattress.
• FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the composition of the support device ofFIG. 3 and the temperature of the skin contacting the support device over time, according to some principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the illustrative support device ofFIG. 3 taken along line5-5 with a person resting thereon illustrating the flow of air, heat, and moisture through the support device.
• FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional side view of a support device taken along line5-5 ofFIG. 3 according to another embodiment of the current disclosure including a low air-loss topper with bladders or a mattress with bladders.
• FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional side view of a support taken along line5-5 ofFIG. 3 according to another embodiment of the current disclosure including a low air-loss topper positioned within the mattress cover mattress.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
• While the system present in this disclosure can take many different forms, for the purpose of promoting an understanding of the disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. No limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended. Alterations, further modifications of the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the disclosure as described herein as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates are contemplated.
• One illustrative embodiment, a microclimate management system including a support device, a fluid supply, and a controller having an instruction set that causes the controller to regulate the rate and temperature of fluid supplied by the fluid supply to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of a least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m². In another illustrative embodiment, a microclimate management system can include a mattress, a topper supported on the mattress, and a control system configured to maintain at least one of the surface temperature, humidity, and heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined range. In yet another illustrative embodiment, a microclimate management system including a support device, a fluid supply, and a controller having an instruction set that causes the controller to regulate the rate and temperature of fluid supplied by the fluid supply to maintain a surface temperature of at least a portion of the person contacting surface above 88° F. and a relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 95%. In still another illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply in communication with a topper is regulated as a function of at least one of the temperature and the relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface to maintain at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In a further illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply in communication with a support device is regulated as a function of at least two of the temperature and the relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface and a user input to maintain at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In yet a further illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply in communication with a topper is regulated as a function of at least one of the temperature and the relative humidity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface, and a user input to maintain at least a portion of the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In still a further illustrative embodiment, at least one of a rate and a temperature of a fluid supplied by a fluid supply to a support device is regulated as a function of the temperature and relative humidity of the person contacting surface to maintain the person contacting surface within a predetermined operating range. In another illustrative embodiment, an apparatus includes a mattress, a topper, and a sensor configured to sense at least one of a temperature or a person contacting surface, a relative humidity of a person contacting surface, a temperature of the fluid within the topper, and a relative humidity of the fluid within the topper. In yet another illustrative embodiment, a fluid supply is selected to cooperate with at least one of the fluid permeability parameter of the cover, the thickness parameter of the cover, the thermal conductivity of the cover, the fluid resistance parameter of the spacer, the fluid permeability parameter of the spacer, the thermal conductivity parameter of the spacer, and the thickness parameter of the spacer to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m². In still another embodiment, at least one of the fluid permeability parameter of the cover, the thickness parameter of the cover, the thermal conductivity of the cover, the fluid resistance parameter of the spacer, the fluid permeability parameter of the spacer, the thermal conductivity parameter of the spacer, and the thickness parameter of the spacer is varied to cooperate with the fluid supply to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m²
• Amicroclimate management system10, described in more detail in connection withFIG. 3, can manage the temperature of a person's skin. Limiting skin warming can be accomplished by cooling the skin, which can reduces the metabolic demand of the tissue so that the tissue can withstand an exerted pressure for a longer period without breaking down, as shown inFIG. 1. Cooling the skin to the point of excessive patient discomfort or hypothermia is preferably avoided.
• Amicroclimate management system10 can also manage the accumulation of moisture against a person's skin. By limiting skin warming and moisture accumulation, ischemia, which is a restriction in blood supply generally due to factors in the blood vessels with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue, and maceration, which is the softening and weakening of the skin that occurs when its collagen linkages are dissolved over time, can be reduced. Furthermore, limiting moisture accumulation can help decrease the coefficient of friction between the wet skin and common bedding materials, thereby reducing the forces imposed on the weakened skin for any sliding movement.
• Skin temperature can influence the perspiration rate or sweat rate of the skin, metabolic demand of the skin, and person's level of comfort, as shown inFIG. 2, in which the x-axis corresponds to the temperature of the skin increasing from left to right (in degrees Fahrenheit) and the y-axis corresponds to scaled units representing the various dependent variables depicted. Curve S1, the sweat curve, illustrates the rate at which sweat is produced by the skin as the skin temperature varies. The sweat rate of the skin at a given location can be affected by the core temperature of the person, the person's mean skin temperature, and the local skin temperature. The sweat rate for a given patch of skin can increase as the patch of skin is warmed. The skin sweat rate can remain relatively constant at temperatures below a sweat threshold ST1 of approximately 35.3° C. (95.5° F.). The sweat rate below this threshold can be between about 5 g/m²-hr to 10 g/m²-hr. As the skin temperature increases beyond the sweat threshold the sweat rate can begin to rise dramatically.
• Curve MR1, shown inFIG. 2, illustrates the extent to which the metabolic demand of the skin varies with the skin temperature. As the temperature of the skin increases, the demand for additional blood to be supplied to the skin can increases and the affected blood vessels can dilate to accommodate the demand. However, when high pressures are applied to the skin, dilation of the blood vessels can be impeded and nutrients may not be supplied to the skin at the necessary rate. This could result in a nutrient deficit leading to ischemic necrosis.
• Comfort curve C1 illustrates the level of patient comfort experienced while resting on themicroclimate management system10 as a function of the skin temperature. While a patient's comfort level is not an exact measurement and can differ from person to person for any given temperature, the comfort curve is generally representative of the comfort level for the majority of patients observed. Variations in the level of comfort can be due to factors including, but not limited to, the person's body mass index, age, physical conditioning, personal preferences, and injury or illness.
• Analysis of the sweat curve S1, metabolic rate curve MR1, and comfort curve C1, as shown inFIG. 2, demonstrates a range of skin temperatures among which the risk of pressure ulcers can be decreased. Specifically, a person's skin can be maintained in one embodiment at a temperature below approximately 35.8° C. (96.5° F.), a temperature at which comfort begins to noticeably decline, as shown by curve C1 inFIG. 2. More specifically, a person's skin can be maintained at a temperature below approximately 35.3° C. (95.5° F.), a temperature at which the sweat threshold ST1 is reached. Still more specifically, a person's skin can be maintained within a temperature range of about 32.2° C. (90° F.) and 35.3° C. (95.5° F.). In other embodiments, the temperature of the skin can be maintained between about 31.1° C. (88° F.) and 35.8° C. (96.5° F.). It should be appreciated that the temperature of the skin can be maintained below 32.2° C. (90° F.); however, the risk of causing the person resting on themicroclimate management system10 to go into hypothermia increases as the temperature of the patient the skin decreases. It should also be appreciated that the temperature of the skin can be maintained above 35.8° C. (96.5° F.); however, the risk of increasing the occurrences of pressure ulcers increases as the temperature of the skin increases.
• The temperature of the skin can be maintained within the previously stated ranges for a minimum of 6 hours. More specifically, the temperature of the skin can be maintained within the previously stated temperature ranges for 12 hours or more. Still more specifically, the temperature of the skin can be maintained within the previously stated temperature ranges for 24 hours or more. In other embodiments the temperature of the skin can be maintained for less than 6 hours. It should be appreciated that other parameters, such as relative humidity and heat transfer rate, can be maintained within their respective ranges for the previously stated amounts of time.
• The temperature of the skin of a person on themicroclimate management system10 can depend upon the heat withdrawn from their skin. The total heat withdrawal capacity (THW capacity) parameter is the cooling power of the surface in Watts/m²with higher values indicating greater heat transfer. The THW capacity depends upon both the heat withdrawn due to dry flux and that removed due to wet flux.
• The dry flux measures the ability of a surface, such as thepatient contacting surface52 of thesupport apparatus12 shown inFIG. 3, to remove heat from the person's skin in the absence of moisture on the skin. The dry flux remains constant regardless of how much the skin is sweating.
• The wet flux represents the heat removed from the skin due to evaporation and is proportional to the evaporative capacity of a surface, such as thepatient contacting surface52 of thesupport apparatus12 shown inFIG. 3, interfacing with the skin. The evaporative capacity measures a surface's ability to keep the skin relatively dry and is a measure of the surface's ability to promote evaporation. The parameter is measured in g/m²-hr with higher values again indicating better performance.
• To maintain the skin of a typical person engaging apatient support12, as shown inFIG. 3, between about 32.2° C. (90° F.) and about 35.3° C. (95.5° F.), thesupport device12 and material (not shown) positioned between the person and thesupport device12 can have a THW capacity of between about 60 W/m²and 125 W/m². In other embodiments, the TWH capacity can be maintained between about 50 W/m²and 140 W/m². It should be appreciated that the THW capacity can be maintained below 60 W/m²; however, the risk of increasing occurrences of pressure ulcers increases as the THW capacity increases. It should also be appreciated that the THW capacity can be maintained above 125 W/m²; however, the risk of causing the person to go into hypothermia increases as the THW capacity decreases.
• The relative humidity of the skin of a person on themicroclimate management system10 can depend upon the heat removed from their skin due to evaporation. To maintain the skin of a typical person engaging apatient support12 shown inFIG. 3 between about 32.2° C. (90° F.) and 35° C. (95° F.), thesupport device12 can have a relative humidity (“RH”) between about 55% RH and 90% RH. In other embodiments, the relative humidity range can be maintained between about 20% RH and about 95% RH. It should be appreciated that the relative humidity can be maintained below 55% RH; however, the risk of drying the skin excessively and dehydrating the person increases as the relative humidity decreases. It should also be appreciated that the relative humidity can be maintained above 90% RH; however, the risk of saturating the skin and increasing the occurrences of pressure ulcers increases as the relative humidity increases.
• Themicroclimate management system10, according to one embodiment of the current disclosure, can be configured to maintain the skin about the aforementioned ranges as shown inFIGS. 3-5. Themicroclimate management system10 can include asupport device12 and acontrol system14 adapted to manage the microclimate of thesupport device12. Themicroclimate management system10 can generally be used in the hospital setting on a hospital bed (not shown), stretcher (not shown), or other support structure to prevent the occurrences of pressure ulcers. It should be appreciated that themicroclimate management system10 can be used in any situation where asupport device12 is commonly used. Themicroclimate management system10 can prevent the occurrences of pressure ulcers by reducing the accumulation of heat and moisture that tends to occur on a person's skin when the person is laid on thesupport device12 in the supine position.
• Some of the types ofsupport devices12 utilized within the hospital setting today are: foam support devices and low air-loss support devices. The difference in skin temperature over time as the skin remains in contact with the foam support devices is illustrated by curve AA, and difference in skin temperature over time as the skin remains in contact with the low air-loss support devices is illustrated by curve BB, as shown inFIG. 6.Foam support devices12 can block the natural, basal level of heat and moisture produced by the skin that would normally flow into the atmosphere, whereas low air-loss support devices12 can be adapted to remove accumulated heat and moisture. Blocking the heat and moisture produced warms and wets the skin over time, creating an environment that can differ markedly from the environment in which the skin was designed to operate.
• Low air-loss broadly refers to a feature of a support surface that provides a flow of air to assist in managing the heat and humidity (microclimate) of the skin. Two types of mechanisms that low air-loss support devices12 typically use to remove accumulated moisture and heat: convective evaporation and diffusive evaporation. Convective evaporation evaporates accumulated moisture by blowing air on the skin. Diffusive evaporation evaporates accumulated moisture through and under the surface of thesupport device12 to cool the skin without blowing air directly thereon. An example of a diffusive device can be seen inFIG. 7 where the air-loss support device12 according to one embodiment of the current disclosure where the patient P1 is lying on thesupport device12 in the supine position with fluid F1 flowing through thesupport device12 to remove heat H1 and moisture M1 radiated by the patient P1. It should be appreciated that in some low air-loss support devices12 a combination of diffusive and convective evaporation can be utilized.
• In one illustrative embodiment, thesupport device12 can include amattress16 and atopper18 as shown inFIG. 3. Thetopper18 can be positioned on top of themattress16 and can be removably coupled to themattress16 by a plurality of fasteners (not shown), such as, buttons, snaps, Velcro®, ties, pins, zippers, or other known fasteners, to prevent movement of thetopper18 with respect to themattress16. It should be appreciated that thetopper18 can be integrally incorporated in themattress16 or can be configured to mimic the structure of themattress16 as shown inFIGS. 8 & 9.
• Themattress16 can include anouter mattress cover20 or mattress ticking20 that can define amattress chamber22. The mattress ticking20 can have alower mattress surface24 that can interface with the hospital bed (not shown), and anupper mattress surface26 that can interface with theLAL topper18. Themattress chamber22 can contain a plurality ofair mattress bladders28 and amattress spacer30 therein. It should be appreciated that themattress18 can contain only onemattress bladder28 within themattress chamber22. It should also be appreciated that themattress18 can be composed of a polymeric material, such as, foam, or a combination of polymeric material and bladders. Themattress bladders28 can be alternately inflated and deflated to create a form of alternating pressure therapy. Thebladders28 can also be in communication with one another such that the fluid pressure in thebladders28 can be maintained as pressure exerted on thebladders28. In other embodiments, thebladders28 can include holes HO therein that allow for fluid therein to be communicated from thebladders28 into themattress chamber22 as shown inFIG. 8. In still other embodiments, thebladders28 can include other components, such as,bladders28, for assisting with the turning of a patient, for assisting with lateral rotation of a patient, or other therapy orsupport bladders28.
• In one illustrative embodiment, theLAL topper18 can be a low air-loss topper18 (LAL topper18) that can include an outer LAL cover40 or LAL ticking40 that can define aLAL chamber42, aninlet44, avent46, and a three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48. The LAL ticking40 can include alower LAL surface50 and anupper LAL surface52 orpatient contacting surface52. Thelower LAL surface50 can interface with theupper mattress surface28. Thepatient contacting surface52 can interface with a patient P1 lying thereon as shown inFIG. 7. It should be appreciated that the patient P1 can be separated from thepatient contacting surface52 by material (not shown), such as bedding, clothing, or other such garments or materials, that has a total thermal conductivity of anywhere from about 0.02 W/m-K to 1000 W/m-K. Thelower LAL surface50 and thepatient contacting surface52 can be generally shaped to cooperate with theupper mattress surface26 and can be secured to one another along their respective edges by ultrasonic welding in order to form a fluid-tight seal. It should be appreciated that thelower LAL surface50 and thepatient contacting surface52 can be secured to one another by adhesive, plastic welding, or other securing means, and can be secured along various portions of thelower LAL surface50 and thepatient contacting surface52.
• The LAL ticking40 of this illustrative embodiment can be moisture permeable and air impermeable. It should be appreciated that the LAL ticking40 can be both moisture permeable and air permeable. It should also be appreciated that the mattress ticking20 and the LAL ticking40 can be composed of the same material and have the same physical characteristics. The moisture vapor transfer rate for the LAL ticking40, when fluid is being supplied to theLAL topper18 at a rate of 2.2 ft³/min., can be at least about 20 g/m²-hr in order to accommodate basal skin moisture production. The moisture vapor transfer rate of the LAL ticking40 can be 80 g/m²-hr or more. It should be appreciated that the moisture vapor transfer rate can be between 25 g/m²-hr and 200 g/m²-hr. It should be appreciated that the moisture vapor transfer rate can be less than about 20 g/m²-hr; however, the amount of moisture accumulation on the skin can increase with time and can increase the risk of maceration.
• Theinlet44 can be positioned along a side of theLAL topper18 and can allow for fluid to be communicated from thecontrol system14 into theLAL chamber42. Theinlet44 can include aninlet coupler54 that can couple thecontrol system14 to theLAL topper18. It should be appreciated that theinlet coupler54 can be secured to theLAL topper18 such that there is a fluid tight seal between theinlet coupler54 and theLAL topper18.
• Thevent46 oroutlet46 can be positioned along a side of theLAL topper18 opposite theinlet44. Thevent46 can be an opening in thelower LAL surface50 that can allow fluid entering theinlet44 and passing through theLAL chamber42 to exit theLAL topper18. It should be appreciated that thevent46 can be a portion of the edges of thelower LAL surface50 and thepatient contacting surface52 that were not secured to one another. It should also be appreciated that thevent46 can be secured to thelower LAL surface50 or thepatient contacting surface52 opposite theinlet44.
• The three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 can be positioned within theLAL chamber42 and can separate thelower LAL surface50 from thepatient contacting surface52. The three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 can be composed of SpaceNet®, which is a product of Freudenberg. It should be appreciated that the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 can be composed of other materials having a high fluid porosity and having some resistance against flattening. It should also be appreciated that the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer42 can include at least one chamber and/or bladder (not shown) therewithin. It should also be appreciated that themattress spacer30 and the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 can be composed of the same material and have the same physical characteristics.
• The resistance to flow for the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 when fluid is supplied to theLAL topper18 at a rate of 2.2 ft³/min. can be less than about 1 (lb/in²)/(ft³/min.). In one illustrative embodiment, the resistance to flow for the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 can be between about 0.1 (lbs./in²)/(ft³/min.) and 0.7 (lbs./in²)/(ft³/min.). It should be appreciated that the resistance to flow can be more than 1 (lb/in²)/(ft³/min.). It should be appreciated that the moisture vapor transfer rate can be between 25 g/m²-hr and 200 g/m²-hr. Where three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 is composed of SpaceNet®, the thickness of the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 can be between about 0.1 in. and 0.75 in. It should be appreciated that the thickness of the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48 can be greater than 0.75 in.
• Thecontrol system14 can include a plurality ofsensors60, afluid supply62, and acontroller64 as shown inFIGS. 3 & 4. Thesensors60 can be temperature sensors and/or moisture sensors that can be adapted to generate signals corresponding to the temperature and relative humidity of thepatient contacting surface52. Thesensors60 can be positioned within the LAL ticking40 and can be operatively coupled with thecontroller64 via awire66. It should be appreciated that thesensors60 can be coupled to thepatient contacting surface52 or coupled within theLAL chamber42. It should also be appreciated that thesensors60 can communicate wirelessly with thecontroller64.
• Thefluid supply62 can be anair blower62 that can supply air to theLAL topper18. It should be appreciated that thefluid supply62 can supply a various other gasses and/or liquids. Thefluid supply62 can removably couple with theLAL topper18 via ahose68. It should be appreciated that thefluid supply62 can connect directly to theLAL topper18. It should also be appreciated that the blower can be integrated or partially integrated within themattress16 orLAL topper18. Thefluid supply62 may also include a heating element (not shown) and/or cooling element (not shown) that can heat and/or cool the fluid being supplied.
• Determining what characteristics thefluid supply62 can have in order to meet the desired range(s) can depend on the physical characteristics of the materials included in thesupport device12, as well as any material (not shown) positioned between the patient P1 and thesupport device12. The fluid supply can be configured to supply fluid to theLAL topper18 at a rate of 2.2 ft³/min. and at a temperature of about 18.3° C. (65° F.) to 29.4° C. (85° F.) so that the temperature of the fluid flowing directly beneath the LAL ticking40 portion proximate the sacrum is about 29.4° C. (85° F.) to 35° C. (95° F.). It should be appreciated that thefluid supply62 can supply fluid at a rate of 2.2 ft³/min. and at a temperature of about 18.3° C. (65° F.) to 29.4° C. (85° F.) to themattress16. It should further be appreciated that thefluid supply62 can supply fluid at a temperature of about −3.9° C. (25° F.) to 29.4° C. (85° F.). It should also be appreciated that thefluid supply62 can be required to supply fluid at a rate higher or lower than 2.2 ft³/min. and/or at a temperature lower than the aforementioned range based on the physical characteristics of the materials included in thesupport device12 and positioned between the patient P1 and thesupport device12.
• Thecontroller64 can be operatively coupled to thefluid supply62 and thesensors60, and can be positioned within theLAL chamber42 of theLAL topper18 as shown inFIGS. 3 & 4. It should be appreciated that thecontroller64 may be mounted to themattress16, a hospital be frame (not shown), a footboard (not shown), thefluid supply62, or other support structures. It should also be appreciated that thecontroller64 can be integrated into thefluid supply62, a hospital bed control system (not shown), or other control systems configured to regulate thefluid supply62.
• Thecontroller64 can include aprocessor70 andmemory72 electrically coupled to theprocessor70. Theprocessor70 can process the signals received from thesensors60 and can execute instructions stored in thememory72. The instructions can cause thecontroller64 to regulate operation of thefluid supply62 in accordance with the signals from thesensors60 in order to maintain the temperature and/or relative humidity of thepatient contacting surface52 about the aforementioned ranges. Thecontroller64 can also receive a user input signal from a user input device (not shown) that allows the patient P1 to influence the regulation of thefluid supply62. It should be appreciated that the user input signal can only influence the regulation of thefluid supply62 within the aforementioned temperature and/or relative humidity ranges.
• In operation, thefluid supply62 can be initiated and fluid can be supplied through thehose66 to theinlet44 of theLAL topper18. The fluid can flow into theLAL chamber42, through the three-dimensionally engineeredspacer48, and out thevent46. As the fluid flows through theLAL topper18, the temperature and relative humidity of thepatient contacting surface52 can be maintained within the predetermined temperature and relative humidity ranges, such as, the ranges described earlier. Thesensors60 can generate signals representative of the temperature and relative humidity of thepatient contact surface52 and communicate the signals to theprocessor70 of thecontroller64. Theprocessor70 can process the signals and can execute the instructions stored in thememory72 in accordance with the signals from thesensors60 to regulate operation of thefluid supply62 in accordance with the signals. It should be appreciated that a patient P1 need not be contacting thesupport device12 for regulation of the temperature and relative humidity of thepatient contacting surface52 to occur.
• Many other embodiments of the present disclosure are also envisioned. The structure of such embodiments may utilize one or more illustrative components described above, or other appropriate components, now know to be developed
• For example, amicroclimate management system10 comprises asupport device12, afluid supply62, and acontroller64. Thesupport device12 includes aperson contacting surface52. Thefluid supply62 couples with thesupport device12 and supplies fluid to thesupport device12. Thecontroller64 is operatively coupled to thefluid supply62 and includes an instruction set. The instruction set causes thecontroller64 to regulate at least one of the rate the fluid is supplied by thefluid supply62 and temperature of the fluid supplied by thefluid supply62 to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 below about 140 W/m².
• In another example, amicroclimate management system10 comprises amattress16, atopper18, and acontrol system14. Thetopper18 is coupled to themattress16 and is supported thereon. Thetopper18 defines aninterior region42 and aperson contacting surface52. Thecontrol system14 is configured to maintain at least one of a surface temperature, a relative surface humidity, and a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 within a predetermined operating range.
• In another example, amicroclimate management system10 comprises asupport device12, afluid supply62, and acontroller64. Thesupport device12 includes aperson contacting surface52. Thefluid supply62 is coupled with thesupport device12 and supplies fluid to thesupport device12. Thecontroller64 includes an instruction set. The instruction set causes thecontroller64 to regulate at least one of the rate the fluid is supplied by thefluid supply62 and temperature of the fluid supplied by thefluid supply62 to maintain a surface temperature of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 above about 88° Fahrenheit and a relative humidity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 below about 95%.
• In yet another example, at least one of a relative humidity and a temperature of at least a portion of aperson contacting surface52 of atopper18 coupled on amattress16 is sensed. Afluid supply62 in communication with thetopper18 is regulated as a function of at least one of the temperature of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 and the relative humidity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 to maintain at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 within a predetermined operating range.
• In yet another example, at least one of a relative humidity and a temperature of at least a portion of aperson contacting surface52 of asupport device12 is sensed. A person comfort input signal is received from aninput device60. A afluid supply62 in communication with thesupport device12 is regulated as a function of at least two of the temperature of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52, the relative humidity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52, and the person comfort input signal to maintain at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 within a predetermined operating range.
• In still another example, at least one of a relative humidity and a temperature of at least a portion of aperson contacting surface52 of atopper18 coupled on amattress16 is sensed. A person comfort input signal is received from aninput device60. Afluid supply62 in communication with thetopper18 is regulated as a function of at least one of the temperature of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52, the relative humidity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52, and the person comfort input signal to maintain at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 within a predetermined operating range.
• In still another example, a relative humidity and a temperature of aperson contacting surface52 of asupport device12 is sensed. At least one of a rate and a temperature of fluid supplied by afluid supply62 to thesupport device12 is regulated as a function of the temperature of theperson contacting surface52 and the relative humidity of theperson contacting surface52 to maintain theperson contacting surface52 within a predetermined operating range.
• In a further example, an apparatus comprises amattress16, atopper18, and asensor60. Thetopper18 is coupled on themattress16. Thetopper18 includes acover40 and has fluid communicated through at least a portion of thetopper18. Thetopper18 defines aninterior region42 and a portion of thecover40 defines aperson contacting surface52. Thesensor60 is configured to sense at least one of a temperature of the person contacting surface52 a relative humidity of theperson contacting surface52, a temperature of the fluid within thetopper18, and a relative humidity of the fluid within thetopper18.
• In a further example, asupport device12 is provided. Thesupport device12 includes acover40 and aspacer48. Thecover40 defines aninterior region42 and at least a portion of thecover40 defines aperson contacting surface52. Thecover40 also defines a fluid permeability parameter, a thermal conductivity parameter, and a thickness parameter. Thespacer48 is positioned within theinterior region42. Thespacer48 defines a fluid resistance parameter, a fluid permeability parameter, a thermal conductivity parameter, and a thickness parameter. Afluid supply62 is selected to cooperate with at least one of the fluid permeability parameter of thecover40, the thickness parameter of thecover40, the thermal conductivity of thecover40, the fluid resistance parameter of thespacer48, the fluid permeability parameter of thespacer48, the thermal conductivity parameter of thespacer48, and the thickness parameter of thespacer48 to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 below about 140 W/m².
• In yet a further example, asupport device12 is provided. Thesupport device12 includes acover40 and aspacer48. Thecover40 defines aninterior region42 and at least a portion of thecover40 defines aperson contacting surface52. Thecover40 also defines a fluid permeability parameter, a thermal conductivity parameter, and a thickness parameter. Thespacer48 is positioned within theinterior region42. Thespacer48 defines a fluid resistance parameter, a fluid permeability parameter, a thermal conductivity parameter, and a thickness parameter. At least one of the fluid permeability parameter of thecover40, the thickness parameter of thecover40, the thermal conductivity of thecover40, the fluid resistance parameter of thespacer48, the fluid permeability parameter of thespacer48, the thermal conductivity parameter of thespacer48, and the thickness parameter of thespacer48 is varied to cooperate with thefluid supply62 to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of theperson contacting surface52 below about 140 W/m².
• Any theory, mechanism of operation, proof, or finding stated herein is meant to further enhance understanding of the present disclosure and is not intended to make the present disclosure in any way dependent upon such theory, mechanism of operation, proof, or finding. It should be understood that while the use of the word preferable, preferably or preferred in the description above indicates that the feature so described may be more desirable, it nonetheless may not be necessary and embodiments lacking the same may be contemplated as within the scope of the disclosure, that scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims it is intended that when words such as “a,” “an,” “at least one,” “at least a portion” are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language “at least a portion” and/or “a portion” is used the item may include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary. While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the selected embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes, modifications and equivalents that come within the spirit of the invention as defined herein or by any of the following claims are desired to be protected.

Claims (24)

1. A microclimate management system comprising:

a support device including a person contacting surface;

a fluid supply coupled with the support device and supplying fluid to the support device; and

a controller operatively coupled to the fluid supply and including an instruction set, the instruction set causing the controller to regulate at least one of the rate the fluid is supplied by the fluid supply and temperature of the fluid supplied by the fluid supply to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m².

2. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface is maintained above about 50 W/m².

3. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface is maintained between about 60 W/m²and about 125 W/m².

4. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the temperature of the person contacting surface is maintained below about 35.8° C. (96.5° F.).

5. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the temperature of the person contacting surface is maintained above about 31.1° C. (88° F.).

6. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the temperature of the person contacting surface is maintained between about 32.2° C. (90° F.) and about 35.3° C. (95.5° F.).

7. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the relative humidity of the person contacting surface is maintained below about 95%.

8. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the relative humidity of the person contacting surface is maintained above about 20%.

9. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the relative humidity of the person contacting surface is maintained between about 55% and about 90%.

10. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1 further comprising sensors operatively coupled to the controller, the sensors being configured to provide a signal indicative of one of the temperature and humidity of the person contacting surface.

11. The microclimate management system ofclaim 10, wherein support device includes a cover defining an interior region and a portion of the cover defining the person contacting surface, the sensors being integrated into the cover.

12. The microclimate management system ofclaim 10, wherein the sensors are positioned within the interior region proximate the person contacting surface.

13. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the support device includes at least one fluid bladder therein, the controller being configured to regulate the pressure of the fluid within the fluid bladder.

14. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the fluid supply includes at least one of a heating element and a cooling element.

15. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the support device includes a mattress and a topper coupled on the mattress, the topper includes a cover defining an interior region and a portion of the cover defining the person contacting surface.

16. The microclimate management system ofclaim 15, wherein the topper includes a support layer positioned within the interior region.

17. The microclimate management system ofclaim 16, wherein the support layer is a three-dimensionally engineered spacer.

18. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1 further comprising an input device configured to receive an input from a person indicative of a person's comfort level.

19. The microclimate management system ofclaim 18, wherein the instruction set causes the controller to further regulate the fluid supply as a function of the input from the input device.

20. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface is maintained below about 140 W/m²for less than about 6 hours.

21. The microclimate management system ofclaim 1, wherein the heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface is maintained below about 140 W/m²for more than about 6 hours.

22-197. (canceled)

198. A method of manufacturing a microclimate management system, comprising:

providing a support device in communication with a fluid supply, the support device including:

a cover defining an interior region and at least a portion of the cover defining a person contacting surface, the cover also defining a fluid permeability parameter, a thermal conductivity parameter, and a thickness parameter, and a spacer positioned within the interior region, the spacer defining a fluid resistance parameter, a fluid permeability parameter, a thermal conductivity parameter, and a thickness parameter; and

varying at least one of the fluid permeability parameter of the cover, the thickness parameter of the cover, the thermal conductivity of the cover, the fluid resistance parameter of the spacer, the fluid permeability parameter of the spacer, the thermal conductivity parameter of the spacer, and the thickness parameter of the spacer to cooperate with the fluid supply to maintain a heat withdrawal capacity of at least a portion of the person contacting surface below about 140 W/m².

199-229. (canceled)

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