US20100256571A1 - Pre-Filled Cartridge for Passive Safety Syringe - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus involving a syringe body, a needle, a pre-filled cartridge, and a guard is described. In some versions, a distal bung or a stopper is also used. The apparatus may also have a passive release mechanism, which releases the guard. In some versions, the distal bung or stopper may be used with the pre-filled cartridge. In some versions, the guard is able to move distally in response to actuating the passive release mechanism. As the guard moves distally, the guard is able to cover a portion of the needle.

Description

PRIORITY
• This application claims priority to U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 12/256,139, filed Oct. 22, 2008, entitled “Syringe Guard for Pre-Filled Medicament Vial” and U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 11/211,336, filed Aug. 25, 2005, entitled “Syringe Guard for Pre-Filled Medicament Vial,” the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention pertains generally to fluid infusion devices. More particularly, the present invention pertains to fluid infusion devices that include an automatically activated guard for covering and protecting the needle of the device after its use. The present invention is particularly, but not exclusively, useful as a syringe, with a needle guard, where the syringe is engageable with a pre-filled fluid vial to establish a fluid infusion device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• Fluid medicaments, as well as other commercially available fluids, can be purchased in a variety of different type containers. The container of particular interest here, however, is the pre-filled vial. Typically, such a container/vial is made of glass, and is formed as a hollow cylindrical tube that has two open ends. One end can then be closed with a plug, and a stopper can be inserted through the opposite end to create a fluid chamber in the vial between the plug and the stopper. Thus, the chamber of the container/vial can then be filled with a predetermined amount of a desired fluid (e.g. a fluid medicament).
• For the context wherein a container, such as the pre-filled fluid vial described above, is to be used for an infusion of fluid, the fluid must somehow be brought into fluid communication with a needle. Heretofore, a typical procedure for accomplishing this purpose has been to penetrate the stopper of the container/vial with a hypodermic needle. Fluid in the vial is then evacuated from the fluid chamber of the vial. In this example, the fluid is caused to flow through the needle and into the fluid chamber of a syringe. The now-filled syringe can then be disengaged from the vial and used for an infusion. The procedure just described, however, is somewhat cumbersome. In particular, this is so because the filling of the syringe, and the infusion of the fluid are performed as two separate and distinct operations. And, as such, each has its own attendant hazards. Further, with the increased awareness of communicable diseases (e.g. AIDS), the protection of the user from unwanted needle sticks has become of paramount importance. The consequence here is that the commercial potential for using pre-filled fluid vials may be enhanced by reducing the number of required manipulations in a procedure, and by directly incorporating pre-filled fluid vials into systems/devices that automatically protect the user from unwanted or inadvertent needle sticks.
• In light of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device which can be engaged with a pre-filled fluid vial for infusing fluid directly from the vial. Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for infusing a fluid medicament that automatically protects the user from unwanted or inadvertent needle sticks after the fluid from a pre-filled fluid vial has been infused. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device for infusing fluid from a pre-filled vial that is easy to use, is relatively simple to manufacture, and is comparatively cost effective.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• In accordance with the present invention, a device is provided for expelling fluid from a pre-filled vial, through a needle. As envisioned for the present invention, the pre-filled fluid vial will have a hollow, cylindrical-shaped, glass wall, with a plug covering one of its open ends. A stopper will be inserted into the other open end of the cylindrical wall to thereby create a fluid chamber in the vial for holding fluid therein between the plug and the stopper.
• Structurally, the device of the present invention includes a hollow, cylindrical-shaped syringe body that is formed with a lumen and has an open proximal end, and an open distal end. Thus, the syringe body defines a longitudinal axis that extends between the two ends. Further, an elongated adapter is axially aligned within the syringe body, and it is fixedly mounted in the lumen of the syringe body. As so mounted, a space is created between the adapter and the syringe body.
• For the device of the present invention, the adapter is substantially cylindrical in shape, and it is formed with a lumen. Additionally, a hollow needle is mounted in the lumen of the adapter such that the needle extends along the longitudinal axis of the syringe body. Importantly, the adapter is formed with both a proximal hinge, and a distal hinge. Both of these hinges are so-called “living” hinges, and they are longitudinally aligned with each other. The adapter is also formed with at least one slot that extends along its length.
• In addition to the needle, a guard is also mounted in the lumen of the adapter. Specifically, the guard is cylindrical shaped and it is positioned within the lumen of the adapter for axial movement over the needle between a first position and a second position. In its first position, the guard is held within the syringe body to expose a distal portion of the needle as it extends beyond the distal end of the syringe body. Structurally, the guard is held in the first position by a flexible hinge lock on the guard that engages with the adapter. Upon release of the hinge lock, however, the guard moves distally into its second position. In its second position, the guard extends beyond the distal end of the syringe body, to cover the distal portion of the needle. For the device of the present invention, this distal movement of the guard in the axial direction is caused by a spring that is located between the adapter and the guard to push distally against the guard. This movement, however, is limited by a tab on the guard that extends into the slot of the adapter.
• In operation, the fluid vial is first engaged with the proximal end of the syringe body. With this engagement, the proximal end of the needle pierces the stopper in the vial. This then establishes fluid communication between the fluid chamber of the vial and the needle. Also, during this engagement, the wall of the vial is introduced into the space between the syringe body and the adapter. Subsequently, as the wall of the vial is advanced distally into the space between the syringe body and the adapter, it activates the proximal hinge of the adapter. When activated, the proximal hinge of the adapter releases the hinge lock of the guard for movement of the guard in the distal direction. As indicated above, this causes the guard to extend beyond the distal end of the syringe body to cover and protect the distal end of the needle. It is to be noted here, however, that if the needle is being used for an infusion, the body into which the infusion is being made may prevent the guard from making its full distal movement. Next, as further distal movement of the wall of the vial is made during the infusion, the wall repositions the distal hinge of the adapter to prevent a subsequent proximal movement of the guard. Thus, subsequent to an infusion, and after the needle has been withdrawn from the body being infused, the guard remains extended beyond the distal end of the syringe body. This causes the guard to cover the needle and to thereby protect against accidental of inadvertent sticks by the needle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The novel features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, both as to its structure and its operation, will be best understood from the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the accompanying description, in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts, and in which:
• FIG. 1 is a view of an assembled device for infusing fluids from a pre-filled vial, in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the component elements of the device;
• FIG. 3 is a cross section view of a pre-filled vial for use with the device of the present invention as seen along the line3-3 inFIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the device of the present invention ready for use with a pre-filled vial, and with portions broken away for clarity;
• FIG. 5A is an elevation view of a device in accordance with the present invention when it is engaged with a pre-filled vial and ready for use in an infusion procedure, again, with portions of the device broken away for clarity;
• FIG. 5B is a view of the device shown inFIG. 5A during an infusion procedure, when configured with the vial engaging the adapter of the device to release the guard of the device for its distal movement; and
• FIG. 5C is a view of the device shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B, after an infusion procedure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Referring initially toFIG. 1, a device for expelling fluid from a pre-filled vial is shown and is generally designated10. As shown, the device10 includes asyringe body12 that is engaged with a pre-filled vial/container14. In accordance with the discussion below, it will be appreciated that the device10 is useful for expelling fluid from thevial14, and through ahollow needle16, during an infusion procedure. Further, it will also be appreciated that the device10 provides structure for covering theneedle16 after the infusion procedure has been completed. The purpose here is to prevent accidental or inadvertent sticks with theneedle16 that might otherwise occur after using the device10. Preferably, theneedle16 is made of a stainless steel type material.
• The various structural components of the device10 will, perhaps, be best appreciated with reference toFIG. 2. There it can be seen that thepre-filled vial14 includes a hollowcylindrical wall18 that has both an openproximal end20 and an opendistal end22. Further, thevial14 includes aplug24 and astopper26. When thevial14 is assembled, as shown inFIG. 3, theplug24 is positioned to cover theproximal end20, and thestopper26 is inserted through thedistal end22. Thus, afluid chamber28 is created for thevial14. A fluid (e.g. a fluid medicament) can then be held inside thefluid chamber28 that is surrounded by thewall18 and enclosed by theplug24 and thestopper26. As intended for the device10, thestopper26 is moveable within thevial14, and thewall18 is preferably made of a rigid transparent material, such as glass.
• Still referring toFIG. 2, it will be seen that the device10 includes anadapter30. As shown, theadapter30 is elongated and is substantially cylindrical in shape. It is also shown inFIG. 2 that theadapter30 is formed with aproximal hinge32 and adistal hinge34. For purposes of the present invention, both of thehinges32 and34 are so-called “living” hinges, in that they are integral with theadapter30. It is also seen inFIG. 2 that theadapter30 is formed with aslot36 that extends longitudinally along theadapter30. Actually, theadapter30 can have two such slots that are diametrically opposite each other (one such slot, however, is not shown inFIG. 2). Further, theadapter30 is formed with a series of circumferentially orientedstructural detents38. Also, in conjunction with theproximal hinge32, theadapter30 is formed with aslit40 into which thehinge32 can be deflected. As shown, theslit40 creates anabutment42 at its distal end.
• To best appreciate how theneedle16 and theadapter30 are mounted on thesyringe body12, it is necessary to cross referenceFIG. 2 withFIG. 4. With this cross-reference, it can be seen that theneedle16 is fixedly held at theproximal end44 of the adapter30 (seeFIG. 4). Also, it can be seen that thedetents38 at thedistal end46 of theadapter30 are fixedly engaged with the syringe body12 (seeFIG. 2). A consequence of this arrangement is that aspace48 is created between theadapter30 and thesyringe body12.
• FIG. 2 also shows that the device10 includes aguard50. Specifically, theguard50 is a hollow, substantially cylindrical-shaped structure that defines alumen52, and that has diametrically opposed tabs54 (onesuch tab54 is not shown). Additionally, and importantly, theguard50 is formed with ahinge lock56. In its cooperation with theadapter30, theguard50 is inserted into thelumen58 of theadapter30, over theneedle16. More specifically, theguard50 inserted into thelumen58 until thehinge lock56 ofguard50 extends through theslit40 ofadapter30, for engagement of thehinge lock56 with theabutment42. In this combination, a spring60 (seeFIG. 4) is positioned between theguard50 and theproximal end44 of theadapter30 to urge theguard50 in a distal direction. This, of course, also urges thehinge lock56 against theabutment42 to hold theguard50 in the position shown inFIG. 4.
• With theguard50 engaged to theadapter30 as described above, and with theadapter30 mounted on thesyringe body12 as also described above, theneedle16 will be longitudinally aligned along theaxis61 that is defined by the syringe body12 (seeFIG. 2). Aproximal shield62 can then be engaged with thesyringe body12 to cover and protect theproximal end64 of theneedle16. Similarly, adistal shield66 can be engaged with thesyringe body12 to cover and protect thedistal end68 of theneedle16. The result is a combination of components as shown inFIG. 4.
• In the operation of the device10 of the present invention, theproximal shield62 is removed from thesyringe body12 to expose theproximal end64 of theneedle16. Thepre-filled vial14 is then engaged with thesyringe body12. Specifically, with this engagement, theproximal end64 of theneedle16 penetrates through thestopper26 to establish fluid communication between theneedle16 and fluid in thechamber28 ofvial14. Also, with this engagement, theend22 ofwall18 of thevial14 is positioned in thespace48 between thesyringe body12 and theadapter30. Thedistal shield66 can then be removed from thesyringe body12 to expose a distal portion of theneedle16, as shown inFIG. 5A. The device10 is now ready for an infusion procedure.
• To perform an infusion procedure, with the device10 in the configuration shown inFIG. 5A, thedistal end68 of theneedle16 is penetrated into the body that is to be infused (not shown). The pre-filledfluid vial14 is then advanced distally along theaxis61, and into thesyringe body12. With this advancement, theend22 ofwall18 comes into contact with theproximal hinge32 of adapter30 (seeFIG. 5B). This contact then causes theproximal hinge32 to deflect into theslit40 of theadapter30, and against thehinge lock56 of theguard50. In turn, this deflection moves thehinge lock56 from its position against theabutment42 ofadapter30. This frees theguard50 for distal movement along theaxis61 under the influence ofspring60. As stated above, a full distal movement of theguard50 may not occur at this time due to contact between theguard50 and the body (not shown) into which theneedle16 may be penetrated.
• As thepre-filled vial14 is further advanced from its position inFIG. 5B to the position shown inFIG. 5C, theend22 ofwall18 comes into contact with thedistal hinge34 of theadapter30. This contact then causes thedistal hinge34 to be deflected and held in a position wherein it, thehinge34, will block any return movement of theguard50 in a proximal direction. Consequently, when the device10 is configured as shown inFIG. 5C, and theguard50 is no longer constrained to move distally, thehinge34 andsyringe body12 cooperate to block a proximal movement of theguard50. This causes theguard50 to remain in place over thedistal end68 of theneedle16, to thereby prevent accidental or inadvertent “sticks”.
• While the particular Syringe Guard for Pre-Filled Medicament Vial as herein shown and disclosed in detail is fully capable of obtaining the objects and providing the advantages herein before stated, it is to be understood that it is merely illustrative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention and that no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown other than as described in the appended claims.

Claims (20)

1. An apparatus comprising:

(a) a syringe body comprising a distal end, a proximal end, and a central axis extending therethrough, the syringe body defining a lumen extending through the syringe body;

(b) a needle in communication with the syringe body, the needle comprising a proximal needle portion, a distal needle portion, and a needle lumen extending therethrough, the proximal needle portion being configured to extend through at least a portion of the lumen of the syringe body;

(c) a pre-filled cartridge comprising an internal volume operable to hold a fluid therein, the pre-filled cartridge being configured for insertion into the proximal end of the syringe body;

(d) a distal bung positioned within a distal portion of the pre-filled cartridge, the distal bung being configured to slidably advance proximally through the internal volume of the pre-filled cartridge, the distal bung being further configured to form a fluid tight seal with the pre-filled cartridge;

(e) a guard in communication with the syringe body, the guard being configured to distally advance from a retracted position to an extended position; and

(f) a passive release mechanism, the passive release mechanism being in communication with the guard, wherein upon actuation of the passive release mechanism the guard is released from the retracted position to the extended position.

2. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising a distally biasing member in communication with the guard, the distally biasing member being configured to mechanically bias the guard in the distal direction.

3. The apparatus ofclaim 2, wherein the distally biasing member comprises a spring.

4. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the guard is configured to have a cylindrical shape.

5. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the needle is configured to selectively pierce the distal bung.

6. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the passive release mechanism is a flexible hinge associated with the guard, wherein the guard is released upon engagement of the pre-filled cartridge with the flexible hinge.

7. The apparatus ofclaim 6, further comprising an adapter, wherein the adapter is configured to retain the guard in the retracted position in cooperation with the flexible hinge.

8. An apparatus comprising:

(a) a syringe body comprising a distal end and a proximal end, the syringe body defining a lumen extending through the syringe body;

(b) a needle in communication with the syringe body, the needle comprising a proximal needle portion, a distal needle portion, and a needle lumen extending therethrough;

(c) a pre-filled cartridge, the pre-filled cartridge having;

(i) a cylindrical body having a proximal end and a distal end;

(ii) a distal bung, wherein the distal bung is configured to be pierced by the proximal needle portion and wherein the distal bung is configured to translate proximally within the cylindrical body of the pre-filled cartridge;

(iii) a sealed proximal end; and

(iv) a medicament, the medicament being contained within the cylindrical body of the pre-filled cartridge; and

(d) a guard configured to cover the distal needle portion upon release of a passive release mechanism.

9. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the sealed proximal end of the pre-filled cartridge includes a flange configured to be depressed by a clinician.

10. The apparatus ofclaim 8, further comprising a biasing element configured to distally bias the guard,

11. The apparatus ofclaim 10, wherein the biasing element comprises a spring coaxially aligned with the guard.

12. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the distal bung is configured to expel the medicament through the needle lumen when proximally actuated.

13. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the cylindrical body is glass.

14. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the lumen of the needle is configured to be in selective communication with the medicament within the pre-filled cartridge.

15. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the passive release mechanism is a flexible hinge associated with the guard.

16. An apparatus comprising:

(a) a syringe body comprising a distal end and a proximal end, the syringe body defining a lumen extending through the syringe body;

(b) a needle in communication with the syringe body, the needle having a proximal end, a distal end, and a needle lumen therethrough;

(c) a pre-filled cartridge comprising a distal end and a proximal end, the pre-filled cartridge being configured to fit within the lumen extending through the syringe body and to be distally advanced within the syringe body;

(d) a guard in communication with the syringe body, the guard being configured to extend distally from the syringe body to cover the needle in response to the release of a passive release mechanism; and

(e) a distal moveable stopper configured to fit within the distal end of the pre-filled cartridge, the stopper being further configured to advance within the pre-filled cartridge from the distal end of the pre-filled cartridge to the proximal end of the pre-filled cartridge; and

(f) a fixed stopper configured to fit within the proximal end of the pre-filled cartridge.

17. The apparatus ofclaim 16, wherein the needle is configured to pierce the distal moveable stopper, thereby establishing fluid communication between the pre-filled cartridge and the proximal portion of the needle.

18. The apparatus ofclaim 16, further comprising an adapter positioned within the syringe body and in communication with the guard, the adapter comprising an extension preventing member configured to prevent the distal extension of the guard.

19. The apparatus ofclaim 18, wherein the extension preventing member comprises at least one flexible hinge.

20. The apparatus ofclaim 16, wherein the pre-filled cartridge comprises a fluid medicament.

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