US20100244295A1 - Method for manufacturing roofing products - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of making a roofing product such as a shingle is provided. One such method includes creating a mixture having at least a polymer and a filler, forming a sheet from the mixture, cooling the sheet, embossing the sheet, forming multiple roofing products from the sheet and bundling at least some of the roofing products together. This method is performed using an automated procedure. Another method of the present invention involves creating a composite roofing product using mold cavities, using a robot to transfer some of the roofing products from some of the mold cavities to a conveying system, and stacking together at least two of the roofing products that have different colors of different surface configurations.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This Application is a divisional of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/457,728 filed Jun. 9, 2003 entitled “Method for Manufacturing Roofing Products,” currently pending, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. No. 6,935,089 issued Aug. 30, 2005, which documents are hereby incorporated by reference to the extent permitted by law.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
• None.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing roofing products. In particular, the invention relates to an automated manufacturing process for producing shingles.
• Traditional roofing products such as asphalt shingles, wood shake shingles, slate shingles and metal panels have both benefits and detriments. For instance, wood shake and slate roofs are aesthetically pleasing to many homeowners. However, wood shake shingles are considered a fire hazard while slate shingles are very expensive and subject to cracking.
• Roofing product manufacturers have introduced less expensive roofing products that simulate wood shakes and slate roofing. For example, some asphalt shingles have been developed that resemble wood shake or slate shingles. These asphalt products, however, typically do not have the structural rigidity of slate or wood. Metal and plastic shingles that simulate wood shake and slate shingles also have been developed. These products, however, are subject to denting and breakage.
• Roofing product manufacturers have also developed composite roofing products that resemble more traditional roofing products, including wood shakes and slates. Manufacturing these composite roofing products, which are typically composed of at least a polymer and a filler component, has traditionally involved the use of extrusion, pressing, and/or molding techniques. An example of a process involving extrusion of roofing products composed primarily of asphalt appears in U.S. Pat. No. 5,690,876 to Gallo, Jr. Examples of molding processes used in making composite roofing products include those in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,025,052 to Maurer et al.; 6,112,492 to Wells et al.; and 5,635,124 to Abrams et al. Finally, use of both extrusion and molding is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,885 to Nakai et al.
• Although some of these patents promote economics of scale in aspects of their manufacturing, the references do not disclose a manufacturing solution that takes advantage of economics of scale and that may be automated from virtually beginning to end.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• In order to overcome the stated problems and limitations there is provided a method for creating shingles through the use of at least a partially automated system. In one embodiment, the method of the present invention includes an automated procedure having the steps of creating a mixture having a filler and a polymer, forming a sheet from the mixture, cooling the sheet, embossing the sheet, foaming multiple roofing products from the sheet, and associating at least some of the roofing products with one another. In another embodiment, the present invention includes a method of making shingles that comprises the steps of creating composite shingles using at least one mold cavity, using a robot to transfer some of the shingles from some of the mold cavities to a conveying system, and stacking together at least two of the shingles wherein the shingles have different colors or different surface configurations.
• Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and the attached figures and will in part become apparent in practice.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
• The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing Figures, wherein:
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a sheet line layout that may be used in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 2A is a schematic representation showing one embodiment of a feeder/material handler, and extruder combination that may be used to carry out the present invention;
• FIG. 2B is a schematic representation showing one embodiment of equipment that may be used to perfatin the bundling step of the present invention;
• FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the process of the present invention;
• FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the process of bundling the shingles;
• FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the process inFIG. 3 with the addition of a recycling step;
• FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of one embodiment of an injection molding layout process of the present invention;
• FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the injection molding layout process continued fromFIG. 6;
• FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of the injection molding process;
• FIG. 9A-9C are flowcharts similar toFIG. 8 with the additional steps of palleting, wrapping, and strapping the stack; and
• FIG. 10 is a flowchart similar toFIG. 8 with an additional step of recycling the scrap.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in this detailed description certain well known components and assembly techniques have been omitted so that the present methods are not obscured in unnecessary detail. Dimensions provided in English units may be translated to corresponding metric units by rounding to the nearest millimeter.
Sheet Line Method
• One or more of the present methods may be used in accordance with the sheet line method shown inFIG. 1. One such method is designated withreference numeral200, the steps of which are illustrated inFIG. 3. Instep210, a mixture is created from starting materials that include at least a polymer and a filler. Additional additives, including a colorant, a fire retardant and/or an ultraviolet light protector, may also be included in the starting materials.
• As shown inFIG. 1,step210 may be carried out by using anextruder10, which may include (e.g., be connected to) a mixer. To create the mixture, the starting materials are fed intoextruder10. Whenextruder10 includes a mixer, the starting materials are fed by feeders and/or material handlers into a hopper of the mixer. For example, as best seen inFIG. 2, three feeders/material handlers20 may be used to feed starting material into ahopper12 of a mixer connected toextruder10. Although not shown, the feeders/material handlers may be coupled with each other so that the components of the eventual mixture (e.g., at least a polymer and a filler) are mixed prior to being dumped into the hopper of the mixer (or hopper of the extruder if the extruder lacks a separate mixer) where additional mixing occurs. The mixing by one or more of the feeders and/or material handlers is within the scope ofstep210.
• Examples of starting materials for the mixture include a polymer such as polyethylene and a filler such as limestone. Specifically, the polyethylene may be high- or low-density polyethylene, and may be virgin or recycled. The limestone used in the mixture may be crushed or otherwise broken into small pieces. As indicated, a colorant or dye may also be used as a starting material, as may other materials such as UV-protectors and fire retardants. The starting materials may be fed at ambient temperature intoextruder10 or, in the alternative, the starting materials may be fed at ambient temperature into feeders/material handlers20. If used, feeders/material handlers20 work together to mix the starting material and to heat them to some extent (but not necessarily to a molten state) prior to transferring the material intoextruder10 or, in some cases,hopper12 of a mixer connected toextruder10.
• Suitable extruders for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, hot-feed (i.e., the starting materials enter the extruder in a state heated above ambient temperature), cold-feed (i.e., the starting materials enter the extruder at ambient temperature), or screw-type extruders, such as single-screw or multiple-screw extruders. When no mixer is attached to extruder10 to carry outstep210, it will be understood that an extruder with a screw designed to mix the starting materials to create the mixture may be used. Alternatively, where a mixer is used in creating the mixture, the extruder may include a feed screw that is designed to pump the mixture and not contribute to the creation of the mixture.
• One example of a suitable extruder for use with the present methods is the CP2500 manufactured by the Farrel Corporation in Ansonia, Connecticut and described, at least in part, in the CP2500V Series II™ Instruction Manual from Farrel Corporation. The CP2500 includes a continuous mixer, where the starting materials are introduced, and an extruder, where the mixture is released. More specifically, the starting material is compounded within the mixing chamber barrel of the CP2500 where it is heated until the polymer reaches a molten state. The mixture receives heat from both the externally-heated mixing chamber barrel and the friction between the rotors of the mixer, the mixture itself, and the inside of the barrel. As a result of the heating, the polymer will encapsulate some or all of the filler. The temperature of the mixture at this point may be between about 325 to 600 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Continuing with this example of creating a mixture atstep210, the heated barrel of the mixer may be controlled to adjust the temperature limits of the mixture. A maximum temperature may be set, and if the temperature of the mixture exceeds that maximum temperature, the external heater will turn off. A minimum temperature may also be set, and if the temperature of the mixture falls below or starts off at or below that minimum temperature, the external heater of the mixing chamber barrel will turn on. It should be understood that the external heater of the barrel may operate continuously although it may be tripped off under the appropriate circumstances.
• After creating the mixture instep210, a sheet is formed instep220. As shown inFIG. 3, a sheet may be formed by extruding the mixture through a die such as asheet die14. It will be understood that die14 may be in the form of a sheet die or any other similar structure or device.Die14 is shown generally as a point on the end ofextruder10 inFIGS. 1 and 2. In carrying outstep220,extruder10 forces the mixture through die14 thereby forming a sheet that then begins to travel along a conveyor, such asconveyor belt30. The temperature of the sheet after exitingdie14 may be between about 225 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
• When using the CP2500, the mixture is fed from the mixer to the extruder through an enclosed connecting chute. The CP2500 is equipped with a pneumatically-operated pusher assembly for the extruder hopper that allows the mixture to be crammer-fed into the extruder barrel. The extruder of the CP2500 has a feedscrew that is designed to pump only and, therefore, the extrusion of the mixture will raise its temperature minimally, if at all. It should be understood, however, that both the hopper and the barrel of the extruder are externally heated, so the mixture may be kept in a molten state to facilitate formation of the sheet. Thus, in carrying outstep220, a sheet may be formed by forcing the mixture through die14 using the feedscrew of the extruder on the CP2500.
• One example of a die14 that may be used for carrying outstep220 is a 28-inch Masterslide HD sheet die available from Battenfeld Gloucester Engineering Company, Inc. of Gloucester, Massachusetts. Preferably, die14 will be dimensioned to create a sheet that is approximately ¼ inch thick by 26 inches wide. Of course, other sheets of other desired dimensions may be created using different dies.
• Step230 includes smoothing the sheet, which may be accomplished by passing the sheet through a pair of calendar rolls (sometimes referred to as a “calendar stack” in the art). As best seen inFIGS. 1 and 3, the sheet formed instep220 may be conveyed alongconveyor belt30 to calendar rolls40, which are oriented one above the other. Alternatively,extruder10 and die14 may be positioned sufficiently close to calendar rolls40 so thatconveyor belt30 is unnecessary.Conveyor belt30 may be driven automatically or manually. In addition, to smoothing the sheet, calendar rolls40 also may reduce the thickness of the sheet by adjusting the nip setting (i.e., the distance between the surfaces of the rolls). Calendar rolls40 may either be stationary and unconnected toconveyor belt30 or be coupled by a movable station toconveyor belt30 so that the position of calendar rolls40 may vary along a continuous section ofconveyor belt30. After smoothing the sheet by passing it through calendar rolls40, the temperature of the sheet may be between about 175 to 300 degrees Fahrenheit.
• One example of a pair of calendar rolls suitable for use in the present invention is a 24-inch by 32-inch Model 2000 ST Hydraulic 2-Roll stack available from Battenfeld Gloucester Engineering Company, Inc. and described, at least in part, in the Model 2000 Roll Stack General Information Guide and Vertical Roll Stack Operation and Maintenance Manual from Battenfeld Gloucester Engineering Company, Inc. This particular roll is equipped with electrically-powered heating and cooling elements that allow the calendar rolls to be heated or cooled as desired.
• Continuing withmethod200, after the sheet is smoothed, the sheet will proceed alongconveyor belt30 to anembossing station60, which is designed to impart features to the sheet for the purpose of ultimately creating a roofing product shaped like or having the appearance of wood shakes, slate or tile. As the sheet moves towardembossing station60 alongconveyor belt30,step240 of cooling all or a portion of the sheet occurs.
• Step240 may occur at coolingstation50.Cooling station50 is operable to reduce the temperature of at least a portion of the sheet. There are a number of devices that may operate as coolingstation50. For example,cooling station50 may be a Model No. RM-30-10-70 cooling conveyor (also described as a cooling conveyor section) manufactured by EMI Corporation located in Jackson Center, Ohio and described, at least in part, in the EMI Plastics Equipment Conveyor Operation & Maintenance Manual. Alternatively,cooling station50 may be a device such as a mister having one or more nozzles. When a mister is used, water mist is sprayed out of the one or more nozzles onto the sheet passing below. A drip pan is positioned beneath the relevant portion ofconveyor belt30 to catch the water as it runs off the sheet and the conveyor belt. The water from the drip pan or pans is then channeled automatically to one or more coolers, where it is recycled to the nozzles. In yet another embodiment,cooling station50 may comprise the combination of a conveyor, such as a cooling conveyor, and a device configured to reduce the temperature of a portion of the sheet, such as a mister. Afterstep240, the temperature of the sheet may be between about 150 to 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Atstep250, the sheet is embossed. As shown inFIG. 1, the sheet travels alongconveyor belt30 toembossing station60, which may comprise one or two rolls. Like calendar rolls40,embossing station60 may be separate from and in a fixed position alongconveyor belt30 or may be coupled to the conveyor such that the position ofembossing station60 may be varied along a continuous section ofconveyor belt30.Embossing station60 may comprise two rolls where at least one of the rolls is used to emboss a portion of the sheet located onconveyor belt30. For example, when two rolls are used as shown inFIG. 1, the one roll in the embossing station may have a textured surface so that the sheet receives features that simulate either wood, slate, or shake. The second roll may be smooth or textured. As another example, the second roll may have a surface that is smooth except for being configured to mark information on the sheet such as the date, company name, style of shingle, or additional types of information. One or more of the rolls located at embossingstation60 may be equipped with electrically-powered heating and cooling elements so that the rolls may be heated or cooled as desired. An embossing machine suitable for use asembossing station60 is a Two Roll Vertical Closed Frame Embosser manufactured by BF Perkins located in Rochester, N.Y. and described in the Instruction Manual forBF Perkins 12″ Dia.×28″ Face Two Roll Vertical Closed Frame Calendar. After embossing the sheet atstep250, the temperature may be between about 130 to 220 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Afterstep250 of embossing the sheet, the sheet may be cooled again atstep260.Cooling station52 may be used to carry out this cooling and may be configured in the same way as coolingstation50 described above. Specifically,cooling station52 may comprise a device configured to reduce the temperature of the sheet such as a cooling conveyor or cooling conveyor section, a mister, or both. Alternatively,cooling station52 may comprise two devices configured to reduce the temperature of the sheet, the two devices being place side-by-side. The same type of mister described above may be used for each of these two devices in this example. In yet another embodiment,cooling station52 may comprise two cooling conveyor sections. The same type of cooling conveyor described above may be used in this example in two 10-foot sections. As still another embodiment,cooling station52 may comprise two cooling conveyors, each coupled to a device configured to reduce the temperature of the sheet, such as a mister. Again, the type of mister and the type of cooling conveyor described above may be used for this version ofcooling station52. After cooling the sheet atstep260, the temperature may be between about 100 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit.
• To the extent that water is used withcooling stations50,52 and54 (station54 will be discussed below), the cooling stations may be coupled to each other in a way that allows the same water to be used and then recycled by each station. For example, each mister may be coupled together such that the water collected in the drip pan or pans beneath each is directed to a common cooler or coolers that include a heat exchanger. Further, such water use may be closed (i.e., new water is not added after a certain point) or open (new water is added at regular intervals).
• Also, it should be understood that one or more cooling conveyors that do not use water may be used as acooling station50,52 and56. The cooling conveyor may, for example, allow the sheet to cool in the ambient air.
• After cooling the sheet instep260,step270 involves forming multiple roofing products from the sheet. For example, acutter70 may be used to cut the sheet.Cutter70 may be configured as a roll with the outer surface of the roll containing a series of knives arranged to cut multiple roofing products across either the length or the width of the sheet. An example of acutter70 that may be used in forming multiple roofing products is the Compact Model Web-Fed Soft Anvil Rotary Die Cutter, available from CORFINE in Dayton, Ohio. Such a cutter uses a cutting roll and a die. Afterstep270, the temperature of the roofing products may be between about 80 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
• Next, at least some of the roofing products, and possibly all of them, are cooled atstep280. Such cooling may take place, for example, usingcooling station54.Cooling station54 may comprise one or more cooling conveyors, such as, for example, four ten-foot sections of cooling conveyors. The EMI cooling conveyors described above may be used to accomplish this task. Alternatively, as with the other cooling stations, a device configured to reduce the temperature of the sheet—such as a mister—may be used with regular conveyors. One or more of such devices may be used in this regard, and the misters described above may be used as the device. Afterstep280, the cooled shingle may be between about 70 to 175 degrees Fahrenheit.
• The position of the finished shingles is shown as numeral80 inFIG. 1.
• After cooling at least some of the shingles according to step280,step290 involves bundling at least some of the shingles. Step290 may occur atstation120 as shown inFIG. 1. As best shown inFIG. 4, one embodiment of bundlingstep290 involves stacking some of the shingles to form a stack atstep292, placing the stack on a pallet atstep294 and wrapping the stack atstep296. The stacking, placing and wrapping steps may be accomplished using an automated procedure. This means that the procedure is designed to accomplish the stacking, placing, and wrapping without human intervention, although human intervention may be used at times to address malfunctions or to manually override the automation.
• FIG. 2B illustrates a layout of the equipment that may be used to carry out one embodiment ofsteps292,294 and296. In particular,conveyor30 may be linked to avariable speed conveyor31 that is available from Van Pak Corporation located in Maryland Heights, Missouri.Variable speed conveyor31 carries the shingles to arobot121 that is configured to place the shingles intostacks122.Robot121, therefore, may be configured to carry outstep292. The speed ofvariable speed conveyor31 may be set with respect to the speed ofconveyor30 to create space between the parts as they are delivered torobot121. An example ofrobot121 is the Industrial Robot IRB140 available from ABB of Vasteras, Sweden.
• Robot121 is configured to placestacks122 in the loading queue of astrapper154.Strapper154 may be configured to place one or more straps aroundstack122 to ensure that the shingles are aligned with each other. For example,strapper154 may be configured tostrap stack122 across the width of the shingles.Strapped stack122 may then be ejected fromstrapper154 onto aconveyor32 equipped with a turning cross (represented by the letter “X”). A conveyor such asconveyor32 is also available from the Van Pak Corporation.Conveyor32 is operable to rotate a strapped stack 90-degrees and return the rotated stack to strapper154 to be strapped again across the length of the shingles. A suitable strapper for use asstrapper154 is the Model TR3C 700/550 In-Line Strapping Machine available from EAM-Mosca Corporation located in West Hazleton, Pennsylvania. Such a strapping machine may be altered from its stock condition to include guides and stops that will cause the stacks to be in the proper location for the strapping to take place.
• Alternatively,conveyor32 may be configured to advance thestrapped stack122 to apalletizer160 which is operable to place the stack on a pallet and, therefore, may be used to accomplishstep294 of placing astack122 on a pallet. An example of a suitable palletizer for use aspalletizer160 is the Series 2000 Gantry Palletizer available from the Van Pak Corporation.Palletizer160 may be equipped with a gantry-style robot to pick up anincoming stack122 with vacuum cups and deliver it to a pallet at theloading station158. The robot may be configured to placestack122 on a pallet in multiple orientations to best ensure that the pallet is mechanically stable. For example, the robot may be configured to rotate a stack placed on top of another bundle by 90 degrees.Palletizer160 also may be equipped with one ormore loading stations158 for stackingstrapped stacks122 on one or more pallets. Finally, queuingstations156 may be provided as part ofconveyors32 or as part ofpalletizer160. Queuingstations156 are configured to queuestrapped stacks122 prior to the palletizing of the stacks.
• Once a pallet has been loaded with one ormore stacks122, the loaded pallet may be ejected from the loading station by apowered chain conveyor162 and delivered by a shuttle conveyor and dual conveyorshuttle car system165. Suitable chain conveyors and shuttle conveyor and dual conveyor shuttle car systems are available from the Van Pak Corporation. Shuttle conveyor and dual conveyorshuttle car system165 may be configured to accept loaded pallets frompalletizer160 and deliver them to a wrappingstation167. The process for transferring the loaded pallets frompalletizer160 to wrappingstation167 involves the dual shuttle car shifting on its shuttle conveyor to align with the loading station that is ready to deliver a loaded pallet, accepting a loaded pallet, and then shifting along its shuttle conveyor to align withpower chain conveyor38, which communicates with wrappingstation167. Empty pallets may be loaded into one ormore pallet dispensers169, which can then transfer the empty pallets back to one ormore loading stations158 for use bypalletizer160.
• Wrappingstep296 of the present sheet line methods may be carried out at, for example, wrappingstation167 which includes astretch wrapper171, such as the model FA-66 Orion Automatic Stretch Wrapping Machine available from Orion Packaging Systems, Inc. in Collierville, Tennessee. Wrapping film may be fed to stretchwrapper171 from asupply wheel173. Loaded pallets are then wrapped (e.g., stretch wrapped) usingstretch wrapper171. The wrapped pallet may then be ejected onto a powered chain conveyor (available from Van Pak Corporation) and queued. Alift truck175 may then take the wrapped pallet to storage or to another location.
• As shown inFIG. 5, in analternative method300,step298 includes recycling scrap from the cutting ofstep270. This recycling step may be carried out by collecting scrap from the sheet and routing the scrap back toextruder10 along another conveyor (not shown inFIG. 1). The scrap may then be placed back intoextruder10 and reused inmethod300. This recycling may start at one or more locations along conveyor belt30 (see alsoFIG. 5). For example,FIG. 1 shows that scrap may be taken atpoints90 and100, atcutter70 beyondcooling station54, and routed back toextruder10 as indicated byarrow110. One way in which this recycling may be achieved atpoint90 involves scrap material falling away fromconveyor30 to another, underlying conveyor after the sheet is cut. The underlying conveyor (not shown) will then route the scrap to a grinder (also not shown) such as a Rapid Granulator Model R-36 available from Rapid Granulator, Inc. in Rockford, Ill. The grinder then grinds the scrap material to a desired state. Next, the ground scrap may be conveyed to a storage bin for use at an appropriate future time. At the desired time, which may be preset as part of the automated process, the ground material may be transported from the bin to a feeder, such as feeder/material handler20 shown inFIG. 2A, for re-introduction intomixer10. This transportation may take place in any suitable way, including, for example, by a vacuum connecting to the bin to the feeder.
• Some or all of the steps ofmethods200 and300 may be performed using an automated procedure. This means that the steps performed in this manner are designed to be accomplished without human intervention, although human intervention may be used at times to address malfunctions or to manually override the automation. Step210 of creating a mixture having a filler and a polymer will, when using an automated procedure, be understood not to exclude steps that involve human intervention to place starting materials in the appropriate locations from which the remainder of the process can be accomplished.
Injection Molding Methods
• One or more of the present methods also may be used in accordance with the injection molding systems shown inFIGS. 6 and 7. One such method is illustrated inFIG. 8 and generally referred to by the numeral400. In particular, step410 ofmethod400 is creating multiple shingles using mold cavities. (The phrase “mold cavities” does not include what are known in the art as dies.)
• It should be understood that carrying outstep410 may be achieved in a variety of ways. One way to carry outstep410 involves use of the pelletizer schematically shown inFIG. 6.Extruder10, which may be the CP2500 discussed above, may be used to create a mixture having a polymer and a filler such as the polymer and filler discussed above. As best seen inFIG. 6, the mixture may then be pushed throughpelletizer310 and cut usingpelletizer310 to form one ormore pellets320. The process of creating pellets may be referred to as pelletizing the mixture. A suitable pelletizer is an Underwater Pelletizer Model MAP-7 from Gala Industries, Inc. located in Eagle Rock, Virginia. This pelletizer may be attached to the end ofextruder10.
• Preferably, the size ofpellets320 created usingpelletizer310 will be between about 0.110 and 0.150 inches in diameter. It will be understood that other diameters may be more suitable for other applications. The temperatures of the mixture going into the pelletizer may be between about 350 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature of the resulting pellets may be between about 100 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
• As shown inFIG. 6,pellets320 may then be dried using adryer325.Dryer325 is useful wherepellets320 have been created using an underwater pelletizer, such as the Gala pelletizer discussed above. However, ifpellets320 are not created using a liquid thendryer325 may not be necessary. When the pellets are finished drying, their temperature may be between about 80 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. A suitable dryer for use asdryer325 is the Centrifugal Pellet Dryer Model 16.3 BF ECLN, available from Gala Industries, Inc. After drying,pellets320 may be routed to storage, as indicated byarrow335.
• Continuing withstep410,pellets320 may be taken from storage, or routed directly fromdryer325, and placed in one or more injection molders330 as best seen inFIG. 7. Eachinjection molder330 that is used may include a mixing barrel designed to mix the pellets and raise the temperature of the pellet material (e.g., the mixture referenced above) to a molten state, or between about 350 to 500 degrees Fahrenheit. Eachinjection molder330 that is used may include a single-screw with a barrel that is externally heated to raise the temperature of the pellet material. The pellets may be heated by the external heater of the barrel, and by the friction created between the screw rotor, the pellet material, and the inside of the screw barrel. If a colorant is used, it may be added during the mixing of the pellet material in a giveninjection molder330.
• FIG. 7 shows twoinjection molders330 being used in the present invention. It will be understood, however, that as few as one injection molder may be utilized with the present methods, provided the injection molder includes a mold having two or more cavities. Further, asmany injection molders330 as desired may also be used, such as15, for example. Colorant may be added using a volumetric or gravimetric color feeder, such as the Thoresen McCosh WSB-260T available from Thoreson McCosh in Troy, Michigan, that is coupled to one or more of the injection molders330. An injection molder suitable for use as one of these injection molders is the VanDorn HT Model 500 injection molder manufactured by Van Dorn Demag Corporation in Strongsville, Ohio.
• Continuing with a description of how oneinjection molder330 operates—with the understanding that multiple injection molders may be used and that this description applies to as many as are used—frominjection molder330, the mixture will be heated and injected into themold cavities340. If only oneinjection molder330 is used, multiple mold cavities340 (e.g., two, three or more) should be used consistent with the present methods. If multiple injection molders are used, each injection molder may have as few as onemold cavity340, although two, three, ormore mold cavities340 may be used in each of the multiple injection molders. Throughout this disclosure, however, asingle block340 in eachinjection molder330 represents one or more mold cavities, and this description will sometimes discuss the operation and use of asingle mold cavity340 in explaining the present methods.
• Mold cavity340 will be cast or machined to have one or more surfaces configured to resemble wood shake, slate or tile shingles.Mold cavity340 may be made in two, three, or more pieces, and may be made of metal such as P20.Mold cavity340 may be machined to have a surface or surfaces formed using digitized modeling. The digitized model may be of the target shingle, such as shake, slate or tile, and eachmold cavity340 may be configured to produce a separate product.
• As part ofstep410, the shingles created may be cooled by running water or another suitable coolant through the one ormore mold cavities340. This type of cooling may serve to restrict the flow of the mixture into the mold cavity. The amount of mixture to be placed in each mold cavity may be determined by weight or volume, which is determined substantially by the desired size and shape of the shingles being formed.
• Afterstep410, and after the shingles inmold cavities340 have been sufficiently cooled to a temperature of between about 70 to 170 degrees Fahrenheit, step420 may occur. More specifically,step420 involves transferring some of the shingles from some of the mold cavities to a conveyor or multiple conveyors, such asconveyor belts30 inFIG. 7, using one or more robots360. A suitable robot for use as robot360 is the Sailor model RZ-300N2S-M3L available from Sailor USA located in Kennesaw, Georgia. Each robot360 may be positioned about the clamp (not shown) of aninjection molder330. Once the molding process is complete and the product is ready to be removed from the mold cavities, the clamp ofinjection molder330 will open and robot360 will remove the finished part or parts from the mold cavity or cavities. Robot360 may then move along abeam361 that allows it to translate betweeninjection molder330 andconveyor30. Robot360 will place the part onconveyor30, where it will travel to a packaging area. As shown inFIG. 7,beams361 may be configured to allow the robot of each injection molder to access eitherconveyor30. Examples of suitable conveyor belts for use asconveyor30 inFIG. 7 are TEC's Classic Steel Horizontal Conveyors available from TEC Engineering, located in Oxford, Massachusetts.
• Recycling of scrap material atstep460 ofmethod600 shown inFIG. 10 may also be started at this point of the process. One way of recycling scrap involves the use of a conveyor, such asconveyor37, which may be a TEC Classic Steel Horizontal Conveyor available from TEC Engineering.Conveyor37 may be positioned along the path accessible onbeam361 by robot360. As robot360 travels along its beam, it may stop atconveyor37, break off any runner or other scrap material attached to the finished product it is transporting, and place that scrap material ontoconveyor37.Conveyor37 may then transport the scrap material to agrinder370 such as a Rapid Granulator Model R-36, available from Rapid Granulator, Inc. located in Rockford, Ill. After the scrap material isground using grinder370, it may be transported to astorage bin372, which may be preset as part of an automated process.Blender374 may then re-mix the ground scrap with any other desired materials and deposit the blended material back into the feed throats of one or more of the injection molders330.
• Although not shown with a cooling station or stations such as those described above,conveyor belts30 may be equipped with such cooling stations in order to cool the roofing products placed onconveyor belts30 by robots360.
• Eachinjection molder330 may be configured to produce finished shingles of a certain color. The mold cavities orcavities340 in eachinjection molder330 will produce the same colored shingles as a result. Different injection molders may be configured to produce shingles with different colors.
• Afterstep420, at least two roofing products or shingles with either different colors or different surface configurations will be positioned beside each other on aconveyor belt30. By different colors it will be understood that two colors have different hues, different values, or different chroma on the Munsell scale. The use of “different” in the phrases “different colors” and “different surface configurations” does not include those differences due to chance. The differences to which we refer to are those that are purposefully created.
• Such different products will then travel alongconveyor belts30 tostation190, wherestep430 may be carried out. Step430 involves stacking together at least two of the shingles that have different colors or different surface configurations. Two such stacks are represented inFIG. 7 by the numeral376. Of course, more than two shingles may be included in such a stack, however, at least two of them must have different colors or different surface configurations.
• Another method of the present invention is illustrated inFIG. 9A and is labeled asnumeral500.Method500 involves additional use ofstation190. In addition tosteps410,420 and430 as described above,method500 includes taking the stack created instep430 and placing it on a pallet instep440. Further,method510, shown inFIG. 9B includes steps410-440 ofmethod500, and theadditional step450 of wrapping the stack.Method520 shown inFIG. 9C includes steps410-450 ofmethod510 and theadditional step445 of placing a strap around the stack, which as described previously may take place prior to the wrapping of the stack. As in the case ofsteps292,294 and296 discussed above, the stacking, placing, strapping and wrapping steps ofmethods500,510 and520 may be accomplished using an automated procedure.
• Returning toFIG. 7, one example of the equipment that may be used forstation190 to accomplish one or more ofsteps430,440,445 and450 ofFIGS. 8-9C is shown. As best seen inFIG. 7, eachconveyor30 may be linked to avariable speed conveyor31 that is available from Van Pak Corporation, Maryland Heights, Missouri. Eachvariable speed conveyor31 carries the shingles to astacker150. The speed ofvariable speed conveyor31 may be set with respect to the speed ofconveyor30 so as to position the parts at a distance apart from one another as they are delivered to thestacker150. An example of a suitable stacker is a Van Pak Vertical Stacker (i.e., a Lowerator) from the Van Pak Corporation.Stacker150 stacks multiple finished shingles (e.g., up to 15).Stacker150 may be configured to carry outstep430 of stacking at least two roofing products with different colors or surface configurations together to createstack376. The number ofstackers150 used will depend on the number ofincoming conveyors30—generally, there is a one-to-one correspondence.
• As shown inFIG. 7, eachstacker150 may be provided with a queuingstation151 into which stacks376 are inserted.Stacker150 may then index downwardly and deliver a givenstack376 onto anotherconveyor152 that transports the stack tostrapper154. Suitable conveyors forconveyor152 are available from the Van Pak Corporation.
• Strapper154 may be configured to carry outstep445 by placing one or more straps aroundstack376. Using straps helps ensure that the roofing products become and remain aligned with each other. For example,strapper154 may be configured tostrap stack376 across the width of the roofing products. The strapped stack may then be ejected fromstrapper154 onto aconveyor32 equipped with a turning cross represented by the letter “X” (such a conveyor is also available from the Van Pak Corporation).Conveyor32 may be configured to rotate astrapped stack 90 degrees and return the rotated stack to strapper154 to be strapped again across the length of the shingles. A suitable strapper for use asstrapper154 is an EAM Mosca Model TR3C 700/550 In-Line Strapping Machine available from the EAM-Mosca Corporation, West Hazelton, Pennsylvania. Such a strapping machine may be altered from its stock condition to include guides and stops configured so as to position the stacks in the proper location for the strapping to take place.
• Alternatively,conveyor32 may be configured to advance thestrapped stack376 to apalletizer160. Queuingstations156 may be provided as part ofconveyors32 or as part ofpalletizer160. These queuing stations are configured to queuestrapped stacks376 to the palletizing of the stacks.
• An example of a suitable palletizer for use aspalletizer160 is theSeries 200 Gantry Palletizer available from the Van Pak Corporation.
• Palletizer160 may be equipped with one ormore loading stations158 for stackingstrapped stacks376 on one or more pallets, which may be made of wood. This process may be used to accomplishstep440 of placing a stack on a pallet.Palletizer160 may be equipped with a gantry-style robot to pick up anincoming stack376 with vacuum cups and deliver it to a pallet on one of theloading stations158. The robot may be configured to placestack376 on a pallet in multiple orientations to best ensure that the loaded pallet is mechanically stable. For example, the robot may be configured to rotate a stack placed on top of another bundle by 90 degrees.
• Once a pallet has been loaded withstrapped stacks376, the loaded pallet may be ejected from the loading station by apowered chain conveyor162 and delivered by a shuttle conveyor and dual conveyorshuttle car system165. Shuttle conveyor and dual conveyorshuttle car system165 may be configured to accept loaded pallets frompalletizer160 and deliver them to wrappingstation167. The process for this transfer of the loaded pallets from the palletizer to the wrapping station involves the dual shuttle car shifting on its shuttle conveyor to align with the loading station that is ready to deliver a loaded pallet, accepting that loaded pallet, and then shifting along its shuttle conveyor to align withpower chain conveyor38, which communicates with wrappingstation167. Empty pallets may be loaded into one ormore pallet dispensers169, which can then transfer the empty pallets back to one or more loading station s158 for use bypalletizer160.
• Wrappingstep450 of the present invention may be carried out at, for example, wrappingstation167, which may include astretch wrapper171, such as the model FA-66 Orion Automatic Stretch Wrapping Machine available from Orion Packaging Systems, Inc. in Collierville, Tennessee. Wrapping film may be fed to stretchwrapper171 from asupply wheel173. Loaded pallets are then wrapped (e.g., stretch wrapped) usingstretch wrapper171. The wrapped pallet may then be ejected onto a powered chain conveyor (available from the Van Pak Corporation) and queued. Alift truck175 may then take the wrapped pallet to storage.
• Some or all of the steps inmethods400,500 and600 may be performed using an automated procedure. Step410 of creating multiple shingles using mold cavities will, when using an automated procedure, be understood not to exclude steps that involve human intervention to place starting materials in the appropriate locations from which the remainder of the creating step can occur.
• The purpose of stacking together different roofing products or shingles with different colors (not different colors within a given roofing product, but different colors of different roofing products) or different surface configurations is to provide builders/roofers with the option of easily applying such differently-colored or configured roofing products to a single roof. This is an attractive option where the colors differ by chroma or value. The convenience of not needing to mix the roofing products from one pallet with the roofing products of another pallet on site in order to achieve a multi-colored roof or a roof that includes roofing products with different textures is one that is not enjoyed in the prior art.
• It should be understood that the steps of the present methods need not be carried out exactly as described above to fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents. For example, the cooling of the sheet may be carried out using pressurized air, as opposed to pressurized water or ambient air. Additionally, while particular embodiments of the invention have been shown, it will be understood, of course, that the invention is not limited thereto, since modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. Reasonable variation and modification are possible within the scope of the foregoing disclosure of the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (28)

1. A method of manufacturing roofing products, said method comprising the following steps:

(a) creating a mixture having at least a filler and a polymer;

(h) forming a sheet from said mixture;

(c) cooling the sheet;

(d) embossing the sheet;

(e) forming multiple roofing products from the sheet; and

(f) associating at least some of the roofing products;

wherein steps (a) through (f) are performed using an automated procedure.

2. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said filler is limestone.

3. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said polymer is polyethylene.

4. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said mixture also contains a colorant.

5. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said mixture also contains a fire retardant.

6. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said mixture also contains a UV protector.

7. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said creating step is performed in an extruder machine.

8. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said step of forming a sheet from said mixture is performed by extruding said mixture from an extruder machine through a sheet die.

9. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said cooling step is performed at least in part by a cooling conveyor.

10. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said cooling step is performed at least in part by a mister.

11. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said step of forming multiple roofing products from the sheet includes cutting said sheet to create said multiple roofing products.

12. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said associating step comprises:

stacking at least some of the roofing products thereby forming a stack;

placing said stack on a pallet; and

wrapping the stack.

13. The method ofclaim 12 wherein said associating step further includes placing a strap around said stack.

14. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said step of forming multiple roofing products from the sheet creates a number of roofing products and scrap and further comprising the step of:

(g) recycling said scrap;

wherein said steps (a) through (g) are performed in an automated procedure.

15. A method for manufacturing roofing products, said method comprising the following steps:

(a) creating a mixture having a filler and a polymer;

(b) forming a sheet by extruding the mixture through a die;

(c) smoothing the sheet;

(d) cooling the sheet using a first cooling station;

(e) embossing the sheet;

(f) cooling the sheet using a second cooling station;

(g) forming multiple roofing products by cutting the sheet;

(h) cooling at least some of the roofing products; and

(i) bundling at least some of the roofing products.

16. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said filler is limestone.

17. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said polymer is polyethylene.

18. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said mixture also contains a colorant.

19. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said mixture also contains a fire retardant.

20. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said mixture also contains a UV protector.

21. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said creating step is performed in an extruder machine.

22. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said first cooling station includes at least a cooling conveyor.

23. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said first cooling station includes at least a mister.

24. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said second cooling station includes at least a cooling conveyor.

25. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said second cooling station includes at least a mister.

26. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said bundling step comprises:

stacking at least some of the roofing products to form a stack;

placing the stack on a pallet; and

wrapping the stack;

wherein said steps are performed using an automated procedure.

27. The method ofclaim 26 wherein said bundling step further comprises placing a strap around the stack wherein said step is performed in an automated procedure.

28. The method ofclaim 15 wherein said step of forming multiple roofing products by cutting the sheet creates scrap and further comprising the step of:

(j) recycling said scrap.

Images