US20100106174A1 - Lancing device and multi-lancet cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

A medical lancing device including a replaceable multi-lancet cartridge. The lancing device includes a drive mechanism, an activation mechanism, and an advancing mechanism. The advancing mechanism includes a linear-pull slide that is moved in and out to operate an indexing ratchet mechanism, a cam-guided charger mechanism, and a cam-guided lancet cap displacement mechanism. The indexing ratchet mechanism sequentially advances the lancets in the cartridge to an active position. The cam-guided charger mechanism charges the drive mechanism and separates the cap from the active lancet. And the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism moves the separated cap from the lancing stroke path of the active lancet. The activation mechanism then releases the charged active lancet to traverse the unobstructed lancing stroke path to pierce the subject's skin at a desired lancing site.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
• This application is a divisional of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/571,378 filed Dec. 28, 2006, which is a U.S. National Phase Patent Application of International PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2005/023155 filed Jun. 30, 2005, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/584,115 filed Jun. 30, 2004, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• The present invention relates generally to medical devices and procedures, and more particularly to cartridge assemblies for lancing devices for the collection and/or analysis of samples of blood or other bodily fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• Many medical procedures require puncturing of the skin, and sometimes underlying tissues, of an animal or human subject. For example, a sharp lancet tip is commonly used to puncture the subject's skin at a lancing site to obtain a sample of blood, interstitial fluid or other body fluid, as for example in blood glucose monitoring by diabetics and in blood typing and screening applications.
• In some instances, a person must periodically sample their blood for multiple testing throughout the day or week. Because re-use of a lancet can result in infection or spread of blood borne contaminants, persons requiring repeated testing often must carry multiple lancets with them, which are separately loaded into a lancing device for each sampling. This can be inconvenient and may lead to reduced compliance with a prescribed test regimen.
• Accordingly, it has been discovered that needs exist for an improved lancing device capable of carrying out multiple sampling procedures without the need for separately loading individual lancets. It has also been discovered that needs exist for a convenient, disposable multi-lancet cartridge that can be loaded into a multi-use lancing device for carrying out multiple sampling procedures, and be removed and replaced when fully or partially spent or when replacement is otherwise desired. It is to the provision of an improved sampling device and cartridge meeting these and other needs that the present invention is primarily directed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• Briefly described, in one aspect, the present invention is a lancing device comprising an outer housing for receiving a replaceable cartridge. Preferably, the cartridge includes a static outer shell that remains stationary relative to the housing and drive mechanism of the lancing device, and an array of lancets that are rotationally advanced within the outer shell and sequentially indexed through an active position for carrying out multiple lancing procedures. The cartridge preferably includes a rotationally moveable carrier for retaining and rotationally advancing the radial array of lancets within the outer shell, and for constraining the active lancet along a controlled and pre-defined path of travel during the lancing stroke. The cartridge preferably also includes recesses, clips, or other retainers for retaining protective endcaps that have been removed from the lancets out of the path of travel of the lancets, and preventing the caps from rattling around within the housing.
• The lancing device preferably includes a drive mechanism, including for example a pair of opposed biasing mechanisms (e.g., springs) working in tandem, to drive and return the plunger mechanism of the lancing device and propel the active lancet through its lancing stroke. In example embodiments, the jaw of the drive mechanism engages the active lancet from the bottom only, through a slot in the cartridge shell, so that a partially spent cartridge can be removed from the lancing device and reinserted for use at a later time. In further example embodiments, the lancing device includes a one-way clutch or ratchet mechanism to advance lancets sequentially through the active position and to prevent re-use of lancets. The lancing device preferably also includes an advancing and charging mechanism for sequentially indexing the lancet carrier, charging the drive mechanism, and detaching the endcap of the lancet at a controlled retraction rate during de-capping, all with a single and continuous operation.
• The lancing device optionally includes a depth ring for adjusting the depth of penetration of the lancet. Preferably, the depth ring has a plurality of openings with varying opening sizes and varying countersink depths, and is rotatable through a sequence of positions adjacent the lancet opening in the housing of the lancing device, thereby forming a rotating shutter window, providing a wide range of depth control. In further example embodiments, the lancing device includes an improved activating button operable to activate the drive mechanism, and including an integral spring arm for biasing the activating button outwardly and a retainer for securing the rotating depth ring.
• In another aspect, the invention is an improved cartridge assembly for use with a multi-use lancing device. The cartridge assembly preferably includes a plurality of penetration elements or lancets, each having its own protective covering or endcap, arranged for sequential use in piercing the skin or other tissue of a human or animal subject for obtaining a sample of blood, interstitial fluid, and/or other body fluid(s). In example embodiments, the cartridge has an outer shell or housing and a carrier assembly rotationally enclosed within the outer shell for retaining the lancets. Because the carrier rotationally advances the lancets within the outer shell of the cartridge, only one opening through the shell is required for allowing passage of the active lancet tip upon actuation of the device, thereby reducing the potential for contamination or accidental needle sticks.
• In yet another aspect, the present invention is a cap displacement mechanism that moves a sterility cap, after it has been separated from the active lancet, out of the lancing stroke travel path of the active lancet. In a first example embodiment, the cartridge includes a cantilevered spring arm that is mounted within the cartridge shell to bias the separated lancet cap out of the path of the lancing stroke. In a second example embodiment, the lancing device includes a spring-biased plunger that is driven along a cam surface of the lancing device to engage a lancet cap and push it transversely out of the path of the lancing stroke. In both embodiments, the carrier defines transverse guide paths near its outer perimeter for directing and retaining the lancet caps out of the travel path of the lancet tip. The transverse guide paths are preferably defined by one or more guide tracks (e.g., resilient fingers, barbs, or other engagement features) extending from the carrier for positively retaining the lancet caps that have been removed from the lancet bodies.
• And in still another aspect, the present invention is a linear-pull advancing mechanism that replaces the rotational cam drive advancing mechanism and the cap displacement mechanism previously described. In an example embodiment, the advancing mechanism includes a linear-pull slider that is moved in and out to operate an indexing ratchet mechanism, a cam-guided charger mechanism, and a cam-guided lancet cap displacement mechanism. The indexing ratchet mechanism includes a resilient pawl extending from the slider and a plurality of ratchet teeth extending downward from the lancet carrier for sequentially advancing the lancets in the cartridge to an active position. The cam-guided charger mechanism includes a cam arm that is resiliently deflected by a follower on the drive plunger and then guides the piston for charging the drive mechanism and separating the cap from the active lancet. And the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism includes a lifter with a follower that rides along a cam surface for moving the separated cap from the lancing stroke path of the active lancet. The activation mechanism then releases the charged active lancet to traverse the unobstructed lancing stroke path to pierce the subject's skin at a desired lancing site.
• These and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be understood with reference to the drawing figures and detailed description herein, and will be realized by means of the various elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following brief description of the drawings and detailed description of the invention are exemplary and explanatory of preferred embodiments of the invention, and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a multi-lancet cartridge assembly for a lancing device in accordance with a first example embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the cartridge assembly ofFIG. 1, showing a base housing, lancet array, carrier disk, spring-arm cap displacer, and cover housing.
• FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view of the lancet array, carrier, and spring arm ofFIG. 2, showing spring arm displacing a separated cap of an active lancet.
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cartridge assembly for a lancing device in accordance with a second example embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the cartridge assembly ofFIG. 4, showing a base housing, lancet array, carrier disk, and cover housing.
• FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of an advancer mechanism of the lancing device for use with the cartridge ofFIG. 4, showing a spring-loaded cap-displacing plunger driven by a cam surface of the advancer mechanism.
• FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a lancing device according to the second example embodiment of the invention, suited for use with the cartridge assembly ofFIG. 4, showing the lancing device in an opened position revealing the advancer mechanism ofFIG. 6 situated therein, and showing the spring-loaded cam-driven plunger extending through the upper shell of the advancer mechanism.
• FIG. 8 is a partial cutaway perspective view of the advancer mechanism ofFIG. 6, showing the spring-biased cam-driven plunger displacing a cap of an active-position lancet.
• FIG. 9 is a side view of the advancer mechanism ofFIG. 6, showing the spring-biased cam-driven plunger reset to a position clear of the lancing stroke travel path.
• FIG. 10 is another exploded perspective view of the cartridge assembly ofFIG. 4.
• FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the cartridge assembly ofFIG. 10 with the bottom cover removed for clarity.
• FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a drive and return mechanism of the lancing device ofFIG. 7.
• FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a lancing depth adjustment ring of the lancing device ofFIG. 7.
• FIG. 14 is a top view of an actuator button portion of the lancing device ofFIG. 7.
• FIG. 15ais a detailed plan view of a portion of the advancer mechanism ofFIG. 6 located on the bottom of the housing of the lancing device ofFIG. 7.
• FIG. 15bis a detailed plan view of the advancer mechanism ofFIG. 6, including the portion shown inFIG. 15a.
• FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the cartridge ofFIG. 4 installed in the lancing device ofFIG. 7.
• FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a portion of a lancing device in accordance with a third example embodiment of the present invention, showing a linear-pull slider of an advancer mechanism in a retracted position in the bottom portion of the clam-shell housing.
• FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the lancing device portion ofFIG. 17, showing the slider being pulled from the housing.
• FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the lancing device portion ofFIG. 17, showing the slider being pulled further from the housing.
• FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the lancing device portion ofFIG. 17, showing the slider pulled to an extended position.
• FIG. 21 is a perspective detailed view of part of the lancing device portion ofFIG. 17, showing details of a cam-guided cap displacement mechanism.
• FIG. 22ais a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing the slider of the advancer mechanism being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to initiate a process for inserting a new cartridge.
• FIG. 22bis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 22a, showing the housing being opened.
• FIG. 22cis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 22a, showing the cartridge being inserted into the housing.
• FIG. 22dis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 22a, showing the housing being closed.
• FIG. 22eis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 22a, showing the slider being pushed back in to its retracted position.
• FIG. 22fis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 22a, showing the activating button being pressed to activate the lancing device for lancing with an initial one of the lancets.
• FIG. 22gis a partial side view of the lancing device ofFIG. 22a, showing the C-shaped handle that locks the housing closed when the slider is in its retracted position.
• FIG. 23ais a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing the slider being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to initiate a process for advancing a next one of the lancets for lancing.
• FIG. 23bis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 23a, showing the slider being pushed back in to its retracted position.
• FIG. 23cis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 23a, showing the activating button being pressed for lancing with the next lancet.
• FIG. 24ais a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing the slider being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to initiate a process for removing a spent cartridge after all the lancets have been used.
• FIG. 24bis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 24a, showing the housing being opened.
• FIG. 24cis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 24a, showing the spent cartridge being removed from the housing.
• FIG. 24dis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 24a, showing the housing being closed.
• FIG. 24eis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 24a, showing the slider being pushed back in to its retracted position.
• FIG. 25ais a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing the slider being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to initiate a process for removing a partially spent cartridge before all of the lancets have been used.
• FIG. 25bis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 25a, showing the housing being opened.
• FIG. 25cis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 25a, showing the partially spent cartridge being removed from the housing.
• FIG. 25dis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 25a, showing the housing being closed.
• FIG. 25eis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 25a, showing the slider being pushed back in to its retracted position.
• FIG. 26ais a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing the slider being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to initiate a process for reinserting the partially spent cartridge that was removed prior to all of the lancets being used.
• FIG. 26bis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 26a, showing the housing being opened.
• FIG. 26cis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 26a, showing the partially spent cartridge being reinserted into the housing.
• FIG. 26dis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 26a, showing the housing being closed.
• FIG. 26eis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 26a, showing the slider being pushed back in to its retracted position.
• FIG. 26fis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 26a, showing the activating button being pressed to activate the lancing device.
• FIG. 27ais a bottom perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing a fail-safe release of the advancer mechanism being activated to initiate a process for clearing the lancing device if it becomes jammed.
• FIG. 27bis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 27a, showing the slider being pulled from its retracted position to its extended position.
• FIG. 27cis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 27a, showing the housing being opened.
• FIG. 27dis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 27a, showing the cartridge being removed from the housing.
• FIG. 27eis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 27a, showing the housing being closed.
• FIG. 27fis a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 27a, showing the slider being pushed back in to its retracted position.
• FIG. 28 is a top perspective view of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing the use of the depth adjustment mechanism to set the lancing puncture depth.
• FIG. 29 is a perspective bottom view of the carrier of the lancet cartridge of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing ratchet teeth of an indexing ratchet mechanism of the advancer mechanism.
• FIG. 30 is a side view of a portion of the indexing ratchet mechanism of the lancing device ofFIG. 17, showing a resilient pawl and the ratchet teeth.
• FIG. 31 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism ofFIG. 30, showing the pawl being advanced as the slider ofFIG. 17 is pulled/extended.
• FIG. 32 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism ofFIG. 30, showing the pawl further advanced into engagement with one of the teeth.
• FIG. 33 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism ofFIG. 30, showing the pawl fully extended, the engaged tooth advanced, and the lancet carrier rotated/indexed as the slider is moved to the extended position ofFIG. 20.
• FIG. 34 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism ofFIG. 30, showing the pawl being retracted as the slider is pushed/retracted.
• FIG. 35 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism ofFIG. 30, showing the pawl retracted into engagement with, and resiliently deflecting under, a next tooth.
• FIG. 36 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism ofFIG. 30, showing the pawl fully retracted as the slider is moved to the retracted position ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 37 is a side view of the ratchet mechanism ofFIG. 36, showing the ratchet mechanism after all of the lancets in the cartridge have been used.
• FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a reciprocating plunger of a cam-guided charger mechanism of the advancer mechanism of the lancing device ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 39 is a perspective view of a deflectable cam arm of the cam-guided charger mechanism of the advancer mechanism of the lancing device ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 40 is a plan view of a portion of the cam-guided charger mechanism ofFIGS. 38 and 39, showing the cam arm and a charging follower of the plunger when the slider is in its retracted position ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 41 is a plan view of the cam-guided charger mechanism ofFIG. 40, showing the cam arm being resiliently deflected by the charging follower of the plunger as the slider is pulled/extended.
• FIG. 42 is a plan view of the cam-guided charger mechanism ofFIG. 40, showing the cam arm returned to its neutral position after moving past the charging follower, as the slider is moved to its fully extended position ofFIG. 20.
• FIG. 43 is a plan view of the cam-guided charger mechanism ofFIG. 40, showing the cam arm driving backward the charging follower to charge the drive mechanism as the slider is pushed/retracted.
• FIG. 44 is a plan view of the cam-guided charger mechanism ofFIG. 40, showing the charging follower driven back until the plunger is retained in its charged position as the slider is moved to its fully retracted position ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 45 is a perspective view of a lifter member of a cam-guided lancet cap displacement mechanism of the advancer mechanism of the lancing device ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 46 is a perspective view of a cam surface of the cam-guided lancet cap displacement mechanism of the advancer mechanism of the lancing device ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 47 is a side view of a portion of the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism ofFIGS. 45 and 46, showing a follower of the lifter raised by its engagement with the cam surface when the slider is in its retracted position ofFIG. 17.
• FIG. 48 is a side view of the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism ofFIG. 47, showing the lifter follower guided downward along the cam surface as the slider is pulled/extended.
• FIG. 49 is a side view of the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism ofFIG. 47, showing the lifter follower riding further along the cam surface as the slider is pulled/extended further.
• FIG. 50 is a side view of the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism ofFIG. 47, showing the lifter follower and the cam surface when the slider is in the fully extended position ofFIG. 20.
• FIG. 51 is a side view of the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism ofFIG. 47, showing the lifter follower riding along the cam surface as the slider is pushed/retracted.
• FIG. 52 is a side view of the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism ofFIG. 47, showing the lifter follower guided up along the cam surface as the slider is pushed/retracted further.
• FIG. 53 is a side view of the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism ofFIG. 47, showing the lifter raised by the follower-cam engagement to displace the lancet cap when the slider is in its retracted position ofFIG. 17.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
• The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the invention taken in connection with the accompanying drawing figures, which form a part of this disclosure. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific devices, methods, conditions or parameters described and/or shown herein, and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting of the claimed invention. Also, as used in the specification including the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural, and reference to a particular numerical value includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” or “approximately” one particular value and/or to “about” or “approximately” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another embodiment.
• In its various embodiments, the present invention relates to multi-lancet lancing devices having multi-lancet cartridges, disposable multi-lancet cartridges for use in the lancing devices, and reusable lancing device housings for holding the multi-lancet cartridges. The subject matter of the present invention relates primarily to the improved advancer mechanism described in section 4 of this specification. The numbered preceding sections of the specification provide details of the multi-lancet cartridge and lancing device, which are improved by including the advancer mechanism.
• The improvements of the present invention are adaptable for application in connection with various forms of multi-lancet lancing devices. In particular, the improvements of the present invention are of potential application to the multi-lancet lancing devices and replaceable multi-lancet cartridges shown in PCT International Publication No. WO 03/071940 A1 (International Application No. PCT/US03/05159, filed Feb. 20, 2003), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. It will be recognized that the improvements disclosed herein are of individual advantage, or can be used in combination with one another. That is, the indexing ratchet mechanism, the cam-guided charger mechanism, and the cam-guided cap displacement mechanism described in section 4 can be implemented independently of each other in a lancing device including only one or any combination of these mechanisms. Or the cap displacement mechanisms described in sections 1.a. and 1.b. can be substituted in for the cap displacement mechanism described in section 4, and vice versa. Whichever of these mechanisms are included, they are preferably all operated by a single action such as the pull and push of one handle or other actuating member.
• In general, the lancing device of the present invention comprises a housing defining a chamber for receiving the cartridge; a drive mechanism for propelling an active lancet of the cartridge through a lancing stroke, from a retracted position within the cartridge to an advanced position wherein a sharp tip of the active lancet projects through a lancet opening in the housing to pierce the subject's skin at an intended lancing site; a charging mechanism for energizing the drive mechanism; and an advancing mechanism for sequentially advancing lancets of the cartridge into and through the active position. Various of these mechanisms can be combined; for example, a single mechanism optionally serves to energize the drive mechanism and simultaneously or sequentially advance the cartridge.
• It will be understood that the lancet cap displacement mechanisms of the present invention may be embodied in a variety of styles of lancet cartridges and lancing devices. For example, the cap displacement mechanisms can be adapted for use in a cartridge having a radial arrays of lancets (as described herein), a linear array of lancets, a cylindrical array of axially arranged lancets, or other lancet and carrier configurations. And the cap displacement mechanisms can be adapted for use in disposable multi-lancet lancing devices (without a replaceable cartridge), with the components of the cap displacement mechanisms being elements of the lancing devices.
1. The Cartridge Assembly
• With reference now to the drawing figures,FIGS. 1 and 2, as a perspective and exploded view respectively, show a cartridge assembly according to a first example embodiment of the present invention, which as a whole is designated by thereference number10. Thecartridge assembly10 comprises ahousing12 for an array oflancets20. Thehousing12 preferably has two portions that connect together, for example, a top portion or cover14 and a bottom portion orbase16. Thetop portion14 and thebottom portion16 preferably comprise generally circular disk-like structures with generally circular central aligned openings. Thebottom portion16 preferably has guides thereon or therein for engaging and guiding arotatable carrier disk18. When secured to together, thetop portion14 and thebottom portion16 collectively form an annular outer shell of thecartridge assembly10 for containing thecarrier18 and the array oflancets20. In addition, thetop cover14 preferably defines asingle lancet opening15 on its outer circumferential rim, through which the tip of an active one of thelancets20 passes during its lancing stroke.
• Thecarrier disk18 preferably includesguide channels19 for permitting radial sliding movement of thelancets20 in a lancing stroke between a retracted position and an extended position during the lancing operation. Theguide channels19 may be formed by projections on or recesses in the face of thecarrier disk18. In an example embodiment, thecarrier18 comprises twentyradial guide channels19 for holding twentylancets20. Thecarrier18 may, however, be provided with more orless guide channels19 andlancets20, as desired.
• Thelancets20 are radially arranged in therotatable carrier disk18 in theguide channels19, and can be driven through their lancing strokes in their axial direction (i.e., along a radius of the carrier disk18) upon actuation of the lancing device. Thecartridge assembly10 is arranged such that thecarrier disk18, loaded with thelancets20, is rotatably mounted on thebottom portion16 of thehousing12. Thetop portion14 of thehousing12 is then secured to thebottom portion16, for example by ultrasonic welding, such that thecarrier disk18 and thelancets20 can rotate within thehousing12. A one-way clutch or ratchet mechanism preferably limits the rotation of the carrier disk to rotation in a single direction to prevent re-use of a lancet and resultant potential contamination.
• Referring additionally toFIG. 3, thelancets20 each preferably comprise a needle or blade forming asharp lancet tip22, and alancet body24, and are preferably arranged generally radially in theguide channels19 of thecarrier disk18 with theirtips22 directed outwardly. Preferably, thelancet body24 is formed of plastic and is injection-molded around thelancet tip22. Eachlancet tip22 is preferably encapsulated by aprotective endcap28, which may be integrally molded with thelancet body24 and forms a sterility and safety barrier for the lancet tip.
• Theprotective cap28 of eachlancet20 is preferably connected to thebody24 by one or more thin segments or a reduced-thickness transition region such as a notch or slit, which forms a weaker separation zone that gives easily so that the cap can be removed. When the lancing device is charged or cocked (i.e., when the plunger of the drive mechanism pulls thelancet body24 radially inwardly to energize the drive mechanism), theseparation zone30 fails and allows theprotective cap28 to easily detach from thelancet body24. Alternatively, for lancets having caps that are discrete structures, the separation zone is defined by the gap between the cap and the lancet body.
• Eachlancet body24 has a retainer that engages a cooperating structure of the lancing device's drive mechanism (described below) when the lancet is in the active position. For example, eachlancet body24 may have aretainer foot26 extending downward from the back of thelancet body24 to engage a cooperating jaw or other structure of the drive mechanism's reciprocating plunger when the lancet is in the active position. Thefeet26 of thelancets20 that are not in the active position preferably slide within a curved foot channel in thecartridge bottom housing16 to constrain the used lancets against movement in the radial direction unless the lancet is in the active position.
• Thecartridge bottom housing16 preferably defines aradial lancing channel17 extending from the curved foot channel at a position corresponding to thelancet opening15 in the cartridgetop housing14. The active lancet slides in the lancingchannel17 as it is driven along the lancing stroke upon activation or firing of the lancing device.
• One or more cap surfaces29 are engaged and constrained by cooperating cap guide tracks31 of thecarrier18. The cap surfaces29 may be defined by two shoulders projecting laterally outwardly on opposite sides of thecap28, as shown, or by other features such as recesses formed into the caps. The cap guide tracks31 holdunused lancets20 in position on thecarrier18 prior to use, and to hold thecap28 as theactive lancet body24 is retracted upon charging or energizing of the drive mechanism to detach the cap. The cap guide tracks31 preferably define a transverse guide path (i.e., out of the plane of the lancet array, preferably at about 90 degrees relative to the lancing stroke travel path) along which thecap28 is moved after it is detached from thelancet body24. This transverse guide path allows removal of thecap28 from the path of travel of theactive lancet20 as it is driven through its lancing stroke upon activation. The cap guide tracks31 preferably comprise one or more resilient fingers or barbs for guiding thedetached cap28 along the transverse guide path and retaining the cap in its transversely displaced position so that it is prevented from rattling around within thehousing12 or potentially interfering with the device's operation. As an example, four capguide track fingers31 may be provided for receiving and guiding the two cap shoulder surfaces29, as shown. Alternatively, two cap guide track fingers may be provided for guiding and being received by two cap recessed surfaces.
• As shown inFIGS. 1 and 3, thecarrier disk18 can optionally be labeled with numbers or other indicia to indicate the number ofunused lancets20 remaining (or alternatively the number of lancets already used). Thecartridge housing12 preferably has anopening40 therethrough, and the lancing device has a corresponding opening, such that the user can view the indicia.
• Thecartridge10 preferably has a resilient member that is biased into engagement with anunderlying lancet20 in the active position. The resilient member thus prevents saidactive lancet20 from being displaced if thecartridge10 is removed from the lancing device after the device is charged and the cap is detached, at which point the active lancet would otherwise be unconstrained. The resilient member preferably comprises aresilient tongue portion41 formed by a pair of cutout slots defined in thetop housing cover14 of thecartridge10. When thecartridge10 is installed in the lancing device, a cooperating portion of the drive mechanism flexes thetongue41 out of contact with the active lancet, freeing it to traverse its lancing stroke upon actuation of the lancing device. In an alternate embodiment, the carrier is partially indexed within the cartridge housing (for example, a half-step forward or back, to a position between adjacent lancets), when the cartridge is removed from the lancing device, to prevent displacement of an unconstrained lancet from the active position.
• a. Spring-Actuated Displacement of End-Caps
• In this first example embodiment, the lancet cap displacement mechanism is provided by acantilevered spring member50 that serves to press the detachedprotective cap28 of each sequentialactive lancet20 along the transverse guide path and out of the radial path of travel of that lancet prior to activation or firing. Thespring member50 preferably has afirst section52, asecond section54, and anintermediate section56. Thefirst section52 is attached (by conventional fastening structures or techniques) to the inner surface of thetop portion14 of thehousing12, or to another stationary part of thecartridge10. Thesecond section54 is configured to engage theprotective cap28 and to push thecap28 downwardly along the cap guide tracks31 of thecarrier18, towards thebottom portion16 of thehousing12. Theintermediate section56 connects thefirst section52 to thesecond section54.
• In a typical commercial embodiment, thespring member50 is leaf spring-type spring member, comprising a flexible, resilient piece of metal or other material that does not readily take on a set permanent deformation. Thefirst section52, thesecond section54, and theintermediate section56 each include an elongated member. And theintermediate section56 is angled or curved downwardly from thefirst section52 to thesecond section54, thereby offsetting the first and second sections. In this way, thespring member50 rides along the top surface of a lancet'sendcap28 as that lancet is advanced into the active position, and thespring member50 flexes upwardly and is charged to impart a downward force on the cap. Then upon detachment of thecap28 from theactive lancet20 by the retraction of thelancet body24, the cap is pressed down along the guide tracks31 under the influence of the chargedspring member50.
• In an alternative embodiment, the leaf spring-type spring member50 is inverted and attached to thehousing bottom16. In another alternative embodiment, themember50 is a coil spring, with one end (the first section52) attached to thehousing12 and the other end (the second section54) including a ramped extension panel for riding along the caps as they are rotated to the active position.
• b. Cam-Actuated Displacement of End-Caps
• Referring now toFIGS. 4-9, a second example embodiment of the present invention will be described. Thecartridge assembly100 is substantially similar to thecartridge assembly10 described above, having ahousing112 with top andbottom sections114 and116, acarrier118, and an array oflancets120 each having abody124 and acap28.
• In this embodiment, however, the lancet cap displacement mechanism is provided by a spring-biased cam-driven plunger assembly. This assembly includes aplunger232 that is positioned at about the cartridge outer perimeter and adjacent (beneath or above) the active lancet position. Theplunger232 is the form of a pin, shaft, tube, T-member, angle piece, or other elongated structure. With particular reference to FIGS.6 and9, theplunger232 is ordinarily biased away from the active lancet (e.g., downwardly) under the influence of aspring element233. Thespring element233 may be provided by a cantilevered leaf spring arm that is attached to (and integrally formed with) theplunger232, as shown. Alternatively, the spring element may be provided by a coil spring (e.g., coaxially arranged with the plunger), an elastic member (e.g., rubber band), or other biasing structure. In the depicted embodiment, theplunger232 extends through anopening235 in theupper shell237 of the advancingmechanism230, and thespring element233 is attached to the upper shell and the plunger.
• The spring-biased cam-driven plunger assembly further comprises acam surface234 formed, for example, on thelower shell239 of theadvancer mechanism230 of the lancing device. Preferably, thecam surface234 is generally wedge-shaped, as shown, with two of the wedges arranged at about 180 degrees apart, though other specific shapes, numbers, and spacings of the cams may be used. As theadvancer mechanism230 is actuated, a follower surface of theplunger232 traverses along thecam surface234. Theplunger232 rises as it moves along the upwardly inclined portion of thecam surface234, at the same time charging thespring arm233. As theplunger232 rises, it is pressed into engagement with thecap128 of theactive lancet120. The risingplunger232 pushes thecap128 upwardly along the cap guide tracks131 of thecarrier disk118 along the transverse guide path at about 90 degrees relative to the lancing stroke travel path, and out of the radial path of the active lancet's lancing stroke. The cap guide tracks131 are preferably resilient members (e.g., barbs or fingers) that retain thecap128 above the path of travel of the active lancet, as seen best with reference toFIG. 8. Continued actuation of theadvancer mechanism230 moves the inclined portion of thecam surface234 past theplunger232, as seen best with reference toFIG. 9, allowing the plunger to drop back down under the influence of the chargedspring arm233. Theplunger232 is now reset and out of the active lancet's path of travel as it is propelled along its lancing stroke.
• It will be understood that the spring-biased, cam-driven plunger assembly may be provided as part of one or more other components of the lancing device. For example, in an alternative embodiment the spring and plunger are attached to and extend upwardly from the housing bottom with the spring biased upwardly to displace the lancet caps. And the cam surface is formed on a rotary element (e.g., rotationally moved by the advancing mechanism) within the lancing device housing. The cam surface may be configured to drive the plunger downwardly away from the active lancet cap except when the lancet is charged and ready for activation, at which position the plunger moves under the influence of the spring to displace the cap. For example, the cam surface may be defined by two (or another number of) upwardly recessed notches that permit the plunger to move upward to displace the caps. In other alternative embodiments, the cam surface is defined on a stationary element and the plunger is rotated relative to the cam surface for driving the plunger to displace the lancet caps.
2. The Lancing Device
• As shown inFIG. 16, a lancingdevice200 according to an example embodiment of the present invention preferably comprises a clam-shell housing202 having atop portion204 hingedly connected to abottom portion206. Thehousing202 defines a lancingopening208, preferably through asidewall portion210 thereof, that aligns with the lancingopening15 of an installedcartridge100. Thehousing202 preferably also comprises alatch216 that secures the top204 of thehousing202 to itsbottom206.
• The lancing device preferably further comprises a drive mechanism, seen best with reference toFIGS. 7,12, and16. The drive mechanism preferably includes areciprocating plunger250 that engages theactive lancet20 and drives it radially along its lancing stroke upon activation or firing of the device, through an advanced position where the lancet tip punctures the subject's skin, and back to a retracted position where the lancet tip is shielded within the cartridge. Theplunger250 preferably comprises a recess forming ajaw256 for receiving and engaging thefoot26 of the active lancet. In a preferred embodiment, two springs, adrive spring252 and areturn spring254, operate in tandem to drive and return theplunger250 upon activation of the lancing device by pressing the activatingbutton220. The springs can be, for example, coil springs, leaf springs, torsion springs, spiral springs, or the like, including other biasing mechanisms. Thedrive spring252 is the stronger of the two springs, and drives the active lancet from its initial position into its extended position. Thereturn spring254 serves to retract the active lancet after lancing the skin. One or more limit members, such as posts or lugs optionally interact with one or both springs, and/or with other portion(s) of the drive mechanism, to more precisely define the equilibrium, retracted, and/or extended position(s) of the plunger. Because thejaw256 of the plunger is open to the top, it securely but releasably engages thefoot26 of the active lancet to drive the lancet along its lancing stroke, yet allows the cartridge to be removed and replaced at any point during its use. Theplunger250 preferably further comprises aflexible release arm253 having acatch portion255 that retains the plunger in its armed state, withdrive spring252 energized prior to activation, and is released by the activating button upon actuation to propel the active lancet through its lancing stroke.
• The lancing device preferably further comprises a mechanism for depth control, in one embodiment a depth-control ring212, shown in detail byFIG. 13. Thedepth ring212 is positioned near the perimeter of thehousing202 of the lancingdevice204, and generally follows the contour of the housing of the lancingdevice200. Thedepth ring212 defines a plurality ofopenings214A,214B . . .214N (collectively, the “openings214”) therethrough, through which the tip of alancet20 is driven to pierce a skin surface of the subject to obtain a sample of blood. The openings214 vary in diameter and/or in the depth to which their outer contact surfaces are recessed or countersunk. Thedepth ring212 is rotated by the user to selectively position a particular opening214 in alignment with thepuncture position208, thereby controlling the depth of penetration of the lancet tip into the subject's skin. Because the openings can vary in diameter and in recess depth, thedepth ring212 provides a wide range of depth control. The travel of thelancet20 preferably is not affected by variation of the position of thedepth ring212, and so the lancing stroke preferably remains uniform regardless of the depth control position.
• The lancing device preferably further comprises an activating button positioned on the top half-shell204 of thehousing202 for activating the drive mechanism to propel the active lancet through its lancing stroke. An example configuration of the activatingbutton member220 is shown inFIG. 14. The activatingbutton member220 preferably includes abutton portion222, which releases thecatch portion255 of the plunger release arm when pressed by the user to activate or fire the device. The activatingbutton member220 preferably further comprises one or moreintegral spring arms224 for biasing thebutton222 outwardly. The activatingbutton member220 preferably further comprises a retainer ring for securing thedepth control ring212 in place.
• The lancingdevice200 preferably further comprises anadvancer mechanism230 as seen best with reference toFIGS. 8,9,15a,15b, and16. In preferred form, theadvancer mechanism230 generally comprises a manually-rotatable element that is operable to advance the carrier to movesequential lancets20 of alancet cartridge118 into the active position. A finger preferably projects from theadvancer mechanism230 through a slot in the bottom housing of the lancet cartridge to engage and advance the lancet carrier through indexed rotational increments corresponding to one lancet position, while the outer housing of the lancet cartridge remains fixed in position. Actuation of theadvancer mechanism230 preferably also functions to engage the active lancet in the jaw of the plunger and retract the plunger to de-cap the active lancet and energize or arm the drive mechanism.
• Actuation of theadvancer mechanism230 may also serve to drive the spring-biased cam-drivenplunger232, as described above, if implementing the second example embodiment. Preferably, theadvancer mechanism230 is operable to rotate in one direction only and in discrete increments (e.g., 180° increments). Guide channels orribs231 formed in or on the inner face of the advancer mechanism act as cam paths to engage a cooperating follower element of the drive mechanism to retract thedrive plunger250 into its armed state, withdrive spring252 energized. Preferably, the guide channels orribs231 are contoured to retract theplunger250 more slowly at the beginning of the advancing stroke, while theendcap28 is being detached from the lancet, providing mechanical advantage for smoother and easier operation. Aratchet mechanism234 may be provided to prevent reverse rotation of the advancer mechanism. Optionally, at the end of the advancing operation, a locating pin is driven upwardly (as by a cam surface similar to the motion ofplunger232 described above) through an opening in the cartridge housing and engaged within a yoke122 (seeFIGS. 10 and 11) between lancet paths on thecarrier disk118, to more precisely position the active lancet and prevent further movement of the carrier disk until the lancing device is fired.
• In further preferred embodiments, thecarrier118 comprises agroove124 that engages a pin on the bottom portion of the housing of the cartridge assembly when all the lancets have been used. This groove and pin combination prevents thecartridge100 from being moved in either direction after all of the lancets have been used, and thereby prevent a reuse of a non-sterile lancet.
3. Method of Operation
• In operation, the user preferably releases alatch216 to open the lancingdevice200. The user then places a preassembledmulti-lancet cartridge100 into the lancingdevice200 and closes and latches thehousing202. The user turns theadvancer mechanism230 through a 180° stroke. During the 180° rotation, thecarrier118 is indexed by one lancet position, thus indexing anunused lancet20 into the active position. Theplunger250 engagesfoot26 of the lancet and pulls the lancet radially inwardly. This step energizes the drive spring of the drive mechanism. Thecatch255 of the plunger engages a cooperating surface feature of the housing, and the lancet is now in the energized or armed position.
• As thelancet20 is retracted radially inward to charge the drive spring, thecap28 is held and prevented from moving radially inward with the lancet by the guide track (e.g., detents, fingers, or barbs)119. In this way, thelancet cap28 is separated from thelancet body24. Then the cap displacement mechanism then moves the disengaged cap out of the travel path of the active lancet. In the first example embodiment, thespring arm50 engages and moves thedetached cap28 out of the lancing stroke path where the cap is held by the guide track, and then the spring element returns to its reset or rest position clear of the lancing stroke. In the second example embodiment, the spring-biased cam-drivenplunger232 engages and moves thedetached cap28 out of the path of travel of the active lancet, then clears the cam and is biased back to its rest or reset position. The guide track (e.g., detents, fingers, or barbs)119 capture thecap28 and hold it above the path thelancet20 will travel in the lancing stroke.
• The user may adjust thedepth ring212 to the desired setting to vary the penetration depth. If present, the position lock pin is raised into engagement with theyoke122 of thecartridge118 to prevent further movement of the cartridge until activated or fired to release the active lancet to traverse its lancing stroke.
• The lancingdevice200 is positioned against a finger or other part of the subject's body. Theactivation button220 is pressed, releasing thecatch255 of the plunger and allowing thedrive spring252 to drive theplunger250 and the active lancet engaged in the jaw thereof along a controlled radial path, through an extended position where the lancet tip punctures the subject's skin at the lancing site. The lancet is preferably guided throughout its lancing stroke along three sides by the guide channels of thecarrier118 and on the fourth side by the cartridge housing. Upon reaching the extended position of the lancing stroke, thereturn spring254 is energized to bias theplunger250 and retract the lancet inwardly to a retracted position within the lancet cartridge.
• Additional details of the various aspects of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/107,984, filed Apr. 15, 2005; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/562,712, filed Apr. 16, 2004; and International Application No. PCT/US03/05159 (International Publication No. WO 03/071940 A1), filed Feb. 20, 2003. The content of these patent documents is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
4. Linear-Pull Advancing Mechanism
• FIGS. 17-53 show a lancingdevice300 according to a third example embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, a linear-pull advancer mechanism360 replaces the rotational camdrive advancing mechanism230 and the cap displacement mechanisms previously described. The remainder of the lancing device300 (including the reusable housing, drive mechanism, and activation mechanism, and the replaceable multi-lancet cartridge) may remain substantially the same as in the first and second example embodiments.
• FIGS. 17-20 show details of the construction and operational positioning of the linear-pull advancer mechanism360. The linear-pull advancer mechanism360 includes aslider member362 that is translationally mounted in thebase306 of theclamshell housing302. The linear-pull slider362 is preferably an integral piece of molded of plastic, though other materials and fabrication techniques can be used and the individual components can be separated manufactured and assembled together. The linear-pull slider362 is pulled/extended out and pushed/retracted in through an opening in thehousing302 between a first/retracted position and a second/extended position. This single action operates anindexing ratchet mechanism363, a cam-guidedcharger mechanism365, and a cam-guided lancetcap displacement mechanism366. In an alternative embodiment, the slider has a laterally extending lever that is slid back-and-forth, a laterally extending knob that is rotated, or another actuating member that is otherwise controlled in a single action to move the slider between its first and second positions to operate the advancer mechanism.
• InFIG. 17, theslider362 is in its first/fully retracted position relative to thehousing302. InFIG. 18 theslider362 is partially extended from the housing302 (for example, about 5 mm), and inFIG. 19 the slider is further extended from the housing (for example, about 10 mm). InFIG. 20, theslider362 is in its second/fully extended position relative to thehousing302. After the user moves theslider362 to its fully extended position, the user then moves theslider362 back to its fully retracted position ofFIG. 17. This procedure sequentially advances the lancets in the cartridge to an active position, charges the drive mechanism and separates the cap from the active lancet, and then moves the separated cap from the lancing stroke path of the active lancet. A detent mechanism is preferably provided so that theslider362 stays in its retracted position until it is pulled out by the user. And cooperating stop surfaces are preferably provided on theslider362 and thehousing base306 for stopping the slider in its extended position.
• Referring toFIGS. 17-20 and29-30, theindexing ratchet mechanism363 includes aresilient pawl367 extending from theslider362 and a plurality ofratchet teeth368 for sequentially advancing the lancets in the cartridge to an active position. Thepawl367 is preferably integrally manufactured with theslider362 and made of molded plastic, though other materials and manufacturing techniques may be used. The materials and dimensions of thepawl367 are selected so that it is resiliently deflectable. Theteeth368 are pin-like protrusions that extend downward from thelancet carrier318, and the teeth and the lancets are correlated in a one-to-one ratio. In an alternative embodiment, theteeth368 are provided by notches in the carrier.
• Thepawl367 has ahead369 that extends through aslot370 in acover panel371 that attaches to thebase306 of thehousing302. Thecover371 protects the components of the advancer mechanism under it from damage when replacing lancet cartridges. In addition, thepawl367 has two (or another number of) laterally extendingtabs372 that prevent the pawl3667 from being pulled up through theslot370.
• Thepawl head369 engages theteeth368, which extend downward from thelancet carrier318 through acircular slot313 in thecartridge housing312. Advancing thepawl367 advances the lancet carrier through indexed rotational increments corresponding to one lancet position, while theouter housing312 of thelancet cartridge310 remains fixed in position. In an alternative embodiment, the pawl head extends up into a circular slot in the cartridge and the teeth are defined by the lancets. And in another alternative embodiment, the teeth extend from the cartridge housing so that the entire cartridge is rotated. Thecartridge housing312 and thecover371 are shown inFIG. 30 but not inFIGS. 31-37 for simplicity.
• FIGS. 30-37 show details of the operation of theindexing ratchet mechanism363 of theadvancer mechanism360.FIG. 30 shows the position of thepawl367 and theratchet teeth368 when theslider362 is in its retracted position ofFIG. 17. InFIG. 31, thepawl367 is being advanced (as indicated by the directional arrow) as theslider362 is pulled/extended. InFIG. 32, thepawl367 is advanced until a pushing surface of thepawl head369 engages a first one of theteeth368a. Linearly advancing the pawl367 (as indicated by the linear directional arrow) rotationally advances the lancet carrier318 (as indicated by the rotational directional arrow). The positions shown inFIGS. 31 and 32 correspond to the slider positions shown inFIGS. 18 and 19, respectively. InFIG. 33, thepawl367 is fully extended, the engagedfirst tooth368aadvanced, and thelancet carrier318 rotated/indexed to move the next lancet to the active position for use. In this position, theslider362 is in the extended position ofFIG. 20.
• InFIG. 34, thepawl367 is being retracted (as indicated by the directional arrow) as theslider362 is pushed/retracted. InFIG. 35, thepawl367 is further retracted until an angled deflection surface of thepawl head369 engages a second one of theteeth368b, which causes the pawl to resiliently deflect under the second tooth (as indicated by the directional arrows). The lancingdevice300 has conventional cooperating ratchet features to prevent reverse rotation of thecarrier318. And inFIG. 36, thepawl367 is fully retracted, the lancet corresponding to thefirst tooth368ais ready to be used, and thesecond tooth368bis ready to next be engaged to incrementally advance the carrier again. In this position, theslider362 is back in the retracted position ofFIG. 17, ready for use to advance thesecond tooth368b. In this way, the lancingdevice300 cycles used lancets back onto thecarrier318 so that there are no loose lancets in the cartridge.
• FIG. 37 shows anempty position368xin the series of teeth where there is no tooth on thecarrier318. Theempty position368xis between thelast tooth368nand thefirst tooth368a. Because there is no indexing tooth in theempty position368x, thecarrier318 cannot be advanced further after all of the lancets in the cartridge have been used. In this position, the lancingdevice300 is locked and safe.
• Referring toFIGS. 17-20 and38-39, the cam-guidedcharger mechanism365 includes a reciprocating plunger orpiston350 and a resilientlydeflectable cam arm373. Theplunger350 is translationally mounted on theslider362 and is driven by the drive spring to propel the active lancet through its lancing stroke. Preferably, theplunger350 comprises a recess forming ajaw356 for receiving and engaging a foot or other part of the active lancet. Theplunger350 preferably further comprises aflexible release arm353 having acatch portion355 that retains the plunger in its armed state, with the drive spring energized prior to activation, and is released by actuating the activating button to propel the active lancet through its lancing stroke. In addition, a lockingfollower374 extends from the plunger350 (i.e., downward from the bottom of the plunger) for engagement with anupstanding locking wall375 defined by theslider362. And a chargingfollower376 extends the plunger350 (i.e., downward from the bottom of the plunger and spaced apart from the locking follower374).
• The resilientlydeflectable cam arm373 is preferably integrally manufactured with theslider362 and made of molded plastic, though other materials and manufacturing techniques may be used. The materials and dimensions of thecam arm373 are selected so that it is resiliently deflectable. In addition, thearm373 has a cantileveredmember377 defining a chargingcam surface378 and a deflectingcam surface379. The deflectingcam surface379 engages theplunger charging follower376 to deflect thecam arm373. And the chargingcam surface378 engages and guides theplunger charging follower376 to retract theplunger350 and energize the drive spring.
• Furthermore, awall380 extends upward from thehousing base306 and remains stationary as theslider362 is moved through its extending/retracting stroke. Thewall380 has anopening381 for theplunger charging follower376 to pass through when the lancet is propelled through its lancing stroke.
• FIGS. 40-44 show details of the operation of the cam-guidedcharger mechanism365 of theadvancer mechanism360.FIG. 40 shows the position of thecam arm373 and the chargingfollower376 of theplunger350 when theslider362 is in its retracted position ofFIG. 17. Thefollowers374 and376 of theplunger350 are shown in this series of figures, but not the body of the plunger, for clarity. InFIG. 41, theslider362 is being pulled/extended (as indicated by the linear directional arrows) so that the deflectingcam surface379 comes into engagement with theplunger charging follower376, which deflects the cam arm373 (as indicated by the curved directional arrow). Thefollowers374 and376 and theplunger350 remain stationary as they do not move in the stroke direction of theslider362. InFIG. 42, theslider362 has been moved to its fully extended position ofFIG. 20, and the deflectingcam surface379 has been moved laterally past the chargingfollower376 so that thecam arm373 has resiliently returned to its neutral position adjacent thewall380.
• InFIG. 43, theslider362 is being pushed/retracted back in (as indicated by the directional arrows) so that the chargingcam surface378 now comes into engagement with theplunger charging follower376. Thecam arm373 is positioned adjacent thewall380 with no gap for the chargingfollower376 to slip or pry through, and thecam member377 is angled to prevent its deflection when encountering the charging follower from this direction. In this way, thecam arm373 functions as a one-way valve for positioning the chargingfollower376 so that it can be driven by the chargingcam surface378. The chargingcam surface378 then drives backward the charging follower376 (as indicated by the directional arrow) and thus theplunger350 to charge the drive mechanism as the slider is pushed/retracted. InFIG. 44, theslider362 is pushed/retracted back to its fully retracted position ofFIG. 17. In this position, the chargingcam surface378 has driven back theplunger350 to its armed position, and therelease arm catch355 of theplunger350 has been engaged to retain the plunger in this armed position.
• Thecarrier318 includes cap guide tracks similar to the cap guide tracks19 of the first embodiment. The cap guide tracks hold the lancet caps in place so that, when the active lancet is retracted by theplunger350, the active lancet is separated from its cap. In addition, the cap guide tracks guide the lancet caps when they are transversely displaced out of the lancing travel path, as described with respect to the cam-guidedcap displacement mechanism366.
• Theplunger350 then can be released from its armed position to propel the active lancet through its lancing stroke by operation of the activating button. In the position shown inFIG. 44, the lockingwall375 that extends upward from theslider362 has been moved laterally from a blocking position in the path of the lockingfollower374 of theplunger350. And the chargingfollower376 remains aligned with theopening381 in thestationary wall380. So there are no obstructions in the travel path of theplunger350, and it is ready to be activated. After the lancingdevice300 is activated to lance the subject's skin, the cam-guidedcharger mechanism365 of theadvancer mechanism360 is again in the position shown inFIG. 40.
• Referring toFIGS. 17-21 and45-46, the cam-guidedcap displacement mechanism366 includes alifter member382 with afollower383 that rides along acam surface384 for transversely moving the separated lancet cap out of the lancing stroke path of the active lancet. Thelifter382 moves transversely to the lancing travel path and is guided by alifter guide track385. In addition, thelifter384 is preferably fork-shaped, with two (or another number of) tines having displacingsurfaces386 and anopening387 through which the lancet body passes when traveling to its puncturing position. Thecam surface384 is preferably formed at least in part by a slot defined in theslider362, with a raisingcam surface384aand a loweringcam surface384bfor positively controlling the position of thelifter382. In an alternative embodiment, the cam-guidedcap displacement mechanism366 includes only one cam surface for either raising or lowering the lifter, and a spring element for moving the lifter in the other, non-cam-driven, direction.
• FIGS. 47-53 show details of the operation of the cam-guidedcap displacement mechanism366 of theadvancer mechanism360.FIG. 47 shows thelifter follower383 in its raised position due to its engagement with the raisingcam surface384a, when theslider362 is in its retracted position ofFIG. 17. InFIG. 48, thelifter follower383 is being guided downward along the loweringcam surface384bas theslider362 is pulled/extended (as indicated by the directional arrow). InFIG. 49, thelifter follower383 is lowered and theslider362 is further pulled/extended laterally past thelifter follower383. The positions shown inFIGS. 48 and 49 correspond to the slider positions shown inFIGS. 18 and 19, respectively. With thelifter382 in its lowered position, it is out of the way so that the next lancet can be rotationally advanced to the active position by theindexing ratchet mechanism363. In order to prevent thelifter382 from moving lower, the lancingdevice300 may be provided with a base for theslider362 on which thelifter follower383 rides, a guide surface on the interior wall of thebase306 of thehousing302, and/or a stop surface on theslider362, thehousing302, thelifter guide track385, or elsewhere on the lancing device. AndFIG. 50 shows the lowered position of thelifter follower383 relative to theslider362 when the slider is in the fully extended position ofFIG. 20.
• InFIG. 51, theslider362 is being pushed/retracted back in (as indicated by the directional arrow) laterally past the loweredlifter follower383. Thelifter382 remains lowered during this first part of the slider retraction motion, while thelancet cap328 is being separated from thelancet body324 by operation of the cam-guidedcharger mechanism365. InFIG. 52, thelifter follower383 is being driven up along the raisingcam surface384aas theslider362 is pushed/retracted further in the second part of the slider retraction motion. And inFIG. 53, thelifter382 is returned to its raised position, with thelifter follower383 driven to its raised position by the raisingcam surface384aas theslider362 is pushed/retracted back to its fully retracted position ofFIG. 17.
• As thelifter382 is raised its displacingsurfaces386 push the now separatedlancet cap328 out of the lancing travel path of theactive lancet320. Preferably, the displacedlancet cap328 is retained there by features of the cap guide track of thelancet carrier318. Thelancet320 now can be launched into its lancing stroke, during which it will pass through theopening387 in thelifter384 as it travels to its puncturing position. When thelancet320 passes through thelifter opening387, this maintains positioning of the active lancet and prevents rotation of the lancet carrier.
• Having described details of the construction, operation, and use of the lancingdevice300, we now refer toFIGS. 22a-22f, which illustrate a process for inserting anew lancet cartridge310 into thehousing302 of the lancingdevice300. InFIG. 22a, theslider362 of theadvancer mechanism360 is being pulled from the first/retracted position to the second/extended position. InFIG. 22b, thehousing302 is being opened. InFIG. 22c, thelancet cartridge310 is being inserted into the openedhousing302. InFIG. 22d, thehousing302 is being closed. InFIG. 22e, theslider362 is being pushed back in to its retracted position. The lancingdevice300 is now ready for use. InFIG. 22f, the activatingbutton320 is being pressed to activate the lancingdevice300 for lancing with an initial one of the lancets.
• As shown inFIG. 22g, theadvancer mechanism360 includes ahandle361 that extends from theslider362 to push and pull it. Thehandle361 is preferably C-shaped with twoflanges361athat wrap around the top and bottom portions of theclamshell housing302 in a clamp-like fashion. When theadvancer mechanism360 is in the fully retracted position, theflanges361aof thehandle361 overlap the housing top and bottom portions to lock it closed. This prevents a user from opening thehousing302 when a lancet has been advanced into the active position and the drive member has been charged. This is why the advancingmechanism360 is pulled out and pushed in as shown in the steps ofFIGS. 22aand22e. Theflanges361aof thehandle361 are long enough that, in order to have the needed clearance to open the housing302 (i.e., with theflanges361anot overlapping the housing top and bottom), the handle must be pulled all of the way out. This ensures that thehousing302 cannot be opened until the charged lancet has been advanced from the active position and a next uncharged lancet advanced to the active position.
• FIGS. 23a-23cillustrate a process for advancing a next one of the lancets for lancing. InFIG. 23a, theslider362 of theadvancer mechanism360 is being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to rotate the carrier, which advances the spent lancet out of the active position and advances the next lancet into the active position. InFIG. 23b, theslider362 is being pushed back in to its retracted position to charge and de-cap the active lancet and then to displace the cap from the lancing stroke path. The lancingdevice300 is now ready for activation to lance with the next lancet. And inFIG. 23c, the activatingbutton320 is being pressed to activate the lancingdevice300 for lancing with the next lancet.
• FIGS. 24a-24eillustrate a process for removing a spentcartridge310 after each of the lancets have been sequentially advanced to the active position and used. InFIG. 24a, theslider362 of theadvancer mechanism360 is being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to unlock thehousing302. InFIG. 24b, thehousing302 is being opened. InFIG. 24c, the spentcartridge310 is being removed from thehousing302. If desired, anew cartridge310 can now be inserted into thehousing302 for use. Otherwise, inFIG. 24dthehousing302 is closed for now, and inFIG. 24e, theslider362 is pushed back in to its retracted position to relock the housing. Then anew cartridge310 can later be inserted according to the process shown inFIGS. 22a-22f.
• FIGS. 25a-25eillustrate a process for removing a partially spentcartridge310 before all of its lancets have been used. InFIG. 25a, theslider362 of theadvancer mechanism360 is being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to unlock thehousing302. InFIG. 25b, thehousing302 is being opened. InFIG. 25c, the partially spentcartridge310 is being removed from thehousing302. InFIG. 25d, thehousing302 is being closed. And inFIG. 25e, theslider362 is being pushed back in to its retracted position to relock thehousing302.
• FIGS. 26a-26fillustrate a process for later reinserting the partially spentcartridge310 that was removed prior to all of its lancets being used. InFIG. 26a, theslider362 of theadvancer mechanism360 is being pulled from the retracted position to the extended position to unlock thehousing302. InFIG. 26b, thehousing302 is being opened. InFIG. 26c, the partially spentcartridge310 is being reinserted into thehousing302. InFIG. 26d, thehousing302 is being closed. InFIG. 26e, theslider362 is being pushed back in to its retracted position to relock thehousing302. And inFIG. 26f, the activatingbutton320 is being pressed to activate the lancingdevice300 for lancing with the then-active lancet. Of course, anew cartridge310 can instead be inserted according to the process shown inFIGS. 22a-22f.
• FIGS. 27a-27fillustrate a process for clearing the lancingdevice300 if it becomes jammed. InFIG. 27a, a fail-safe release mechanism363 of theadvancer mechanism360 is being activated to release the advancer mechanism. Preferably, the fail-safe release mechanism363 includes a small opening in thehousing302 through which a thin elongated object (i.e., a paper clip wire or a pen tip) can be inserted to engage a release that frees theslider362 for movement. InFIG. 27b, theslider362 is being pulled from its retracted position to its extended position to unlock thehousing302. InFIG. 27c, thehousing302 is being opened. InFIG. 27d, the jammedlancet cartridge310 is being removed from the housing. InFIG. 27e, the housing is being closed. And inFIG. 27f, theslider362 is being pushed back in to its retracted position to relock thehousing302. Anew lancet cartridge310 now may be inserted according to the process shown inFIGS. 22a-22f, or this may be done before closing thehousing302.
• FIG. 28 shows the use of thedepth adjustment mechanism311 to set the lancing puncture depth. Thedepth adjustment mechanism311 may include the depth-control ring212 shown inFIG. 13 or another conventional mechanism for selectively controlling the puncture depth of the lancets.
• While the invention has been described with reference to preferred and example embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that a variety of modifications, additions and deletions are within the scope of the invention, as defined by the following claims.

Claims (22)

1. A cartridge assembly for a lancing device having a lancet-indexing ratchet mechanism with a pawl, the cartridge assembly comprising:

a housing;

a carrier rotationally mounted within the housing;

an array of lancets carried by the carrier, the lancets each having a detachable protective cap, the lancets each moveable along a lancing stroke path; and

a plurality of ratchet teeth extending from the carrier and configured to be sequentially engaged by the pawl to advance the array of lancets within the housing.

2. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the ratchet teeth and the lancets are provided in a one-to-one ratio.

3. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 1, wherein cartridge housing defines a slot through which the ratchet teeth extend.

4. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the carrier defines an array of transverse guide tracks along which the lancet caps are displaced from the lancing stroke path.

5. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 4, wherein the lancet caps define one or more cap guide surfaces that engage and ride along the guide tracks as the caps are displaced from the lancing stroke path.

6. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 5, wherein the guide tracks engage the cap guide surfaces to retain the active-positioned cap from moving and being retracted with the active-positioned lancet, wherein the retained active-positioned cap separates from the retracted active-positioned lancet.

7. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 5, wherein the guide tracks comprise resilient elongated members extending from the carrier, and the cap guide surfaces comprise two shoulders projecting from opposing sides of the cap.

8. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 4, wherein the guide tracks are adapted to retain the lancet caps after displacement from the lancing stroke path.

9. The cartridge assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the carrier defines radial guide channels that receive the lancets in a radial arrangement.

10. A multi-lancet cartridge assembly for a lancing device comprising:

a generally circular housing comprising a base and a cover with a central opening defining an annular shell having an outer circumferential rim with a lancet opening formed therein;

a carrier disk rotationally mounted within the housing, the carrier disk defining a plurality of radially-oriented guide channels; and

a plurality of lancets, each lancet positioned for translational motion within a corresponding one of the plurality of radially-oriented guide channels.

11. The multi-lancet cartridge assembly ofclaim 10, wherein the base of the housing comprises a slot for receiving an advancing member of a lancing device to rotationally advance the carrier disk within the housing.

12. The multi-lancet cartridge assembly ofclaim 11, wherein the carrier disk comprises a plurality of projections for sequential alignment with the slot in the base of the housing, for engagement with the advancing member of the lancing device.

13. The multi-lancet cartridge assembly ofclaim 10, wherein each lancet has an outwardly-directed end with a sharp lancing tip that is initially covered by a removable cap, and an inwardly-directed end having a retainer foot projecting therefrom for engagement with a drive mechanism of a lancing device.

14. The multi-lancet cartridge assembly ofclaim 13, wherein the base of the housing comprises a channel for receiving the retainer feet of the lancets.

15. The multi-lancet cartridge assembly ofclaim 13, wherein the removable caps of the lancets have shoulders projecting laterally outwardly on opposite sides thereof, and wherein the carrier disk comprises a set of cap guide tracks associated with each of the radially-oriented guide channels for engaging the shoulders of the removable caps.

16. The multi-lancet cartridge assembly ofclaim 13, wherein the housing comprises at least one opening therein for alignment with the removable caps to permit passage of a plunger of the lancing device to move the caps along the cap guide tracks.

17. The multi-lancet cartridge assembly ofclaim 10, further comprising a ratchet mechanism for limiting rotation of the carrier disk within the housing to a single direction of rotation.

18. A cartridge for use in connection with a lancing device, comprising:

a housing comprising a shell having an outer periphery with a lancet opening therein and an interior chamber within the shell;

a carrier rotationally mounted within the interior chamber of the housing and defining a plurality of lancet guide paths;

an array of lancets, each lancet mounted for translation along a corresponding one of the plurality of lancet guide paths; and

a ratchet mechanism for allowing rotation of the carrier within the housing in a first direction of rotation, but restricting rotation of the carrier within the housing in a second direction of rotation opposite the first direction of rotation.

19. The cartridge ofclaim 18, wherein the housing comprises an annular ring-shaped external profile, having a circular outer rim and a circular inner rim concentric with the outer rim.

20. The cartridge ofclaim 18, wherein the housing comprises a lancet drive opening allowing sequential engagement of each lancet of the array of lancets by a lancing device drive mechanism.

21. The cartridge ofclaim 18, wherein the housing comprises an indexing slot allowing advancement of the carrier within the housing by a lancing device advancing member.

22. The cartridge ofclaim 18, wherein the housing comprises at least one cap-displacement opening allowing a plunger mechanism of a lancing device to extend into the interior chamber to move a removable endcap out of the lancet guide path.

Images