US20090300539A1 - Electronic book with information manipulation features - Google Patents

Abstract

An electronic book having various features for manipulating text or other information. The subscriber may highlight, cut and paste, copy and paste, and annotate information within an electronic book. A multiple page view feature permits the subscriber to simultaneously view any plurality of pages of an electronic book, and a multiple screen feature permits the subscriber to view one or more pages on a viewer having multiple screens. A picture-in-picture feature permits the subscriber to simultaneously view a page of an electronic book along with other content, such as a television program or information from another electronic book. The picture-in-picture feature may display an electronic book page as a main image wrapped around an inset image.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/336,247 entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK SELECTION AND DELIVERY SYSTEM, filed Nov. 7, 1994; U.S. application Ser. No. 09/237,828, filed on Jan. 27, 1999, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ELECTRONIC LINKS; U.S. application Ser. No. 09/289,957, filed on Apr. 13, 1999, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY SYSTEMS; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/160,194, entitled ADVANCED SET-TOP TERMINAL FOR CABLE TELEVISION DELIVERY SYSTEMS, filed Dec. 2, 1993; and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/906,469, entitled REPROGRAMMABLE TERMINAL FOR SUGGESTING PROGRAMS OFFERED ON A TELEVISION PROGRAM DELIVERY SYSTEM, filed Aug. 5, 1997, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/160,281, entitled TERMINAL FOR SUGGESTING PROGRAMS OFFERED ON A TELEVISION PROGRAM DELIVERY SYSTEM, filed Dec. 2, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,798,785, dated Aug. 25, 1998, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• This invention is directed to an electronic book unit having one or more electronic books. More specifically, the invention relates to an apparatus and method for manipulating information such as text and graphics within electronic books.
BACKGROUND ART
• Sparked by the concept of an information superhighway, a revolution will take place in the distribution of books. Not since the introduction of Gutenberg's movable typeset printing has the world stood on the brink of such a revolution in the distribution of text material. The definition of the word “book” will change drastically in the near future. Due to reasons such as security, convenience, cost, and other technical problems, book and magazine publishers are currently only able to distribute their products in paper form. This invention solves the problems encountered by publishers.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
• An electronic book viewer incorporates advanced information manipulation features that enhance the functionality of the electronic book viewer. In an embodiment, information in an electronic book including text, mathematical formulas, data, graphics, and still and moving images may be selected for manipulation. A processor in the viewer uses software modules to execute information manipulation commands. Information may be highlighted by selecting a portion of the electronic book using a cursor or similar selection device, and then sending a command to the viewer's processor to initiate the highlighting process. For example, text shown on a page of the electronic book may be selected for highlighting. Highlighting may include changing font style, size, format (bold, italics or normal), or color, for example. In the disclosure that follows, the terms information and images will be understood to refer to all manner of data, graphics, text, videos, formulas and any other information or images.
• Using other software modules, the viewer's processor may be used to cut and paste, or copy and paste images from one portion of the electronic book to another portion of the electronic book. Similarly, images or content from other electronic documents can be cut and pasted, or copied and pasted into the electronic book.
• The viewer's processor also may use software modules to annotate portions of the electronic book, to display the annotated portions, and to move annotations within the electronic book.
• In another embodiment, the viewer may display multiple electronic books. For example, the viewer may display information or images from two electronic books in a side-by-side fashion. The two electronic books also may be displayed in a picture-in-picture format. The viewer is not limited to displaying only two electronic books, and may display three or more electronic books, using well-known image processing routines.
• In yet another embodiment, the viewer may use multiple screens to display an image from a single electronic book or to display images from multiple electronic books. The multiple screens may be hinged and electronically connected to fold like pages in an actual book. The multiple screens also may snap into place to form electrical connections. A single image may be expanded to fit on all the multiple screens. For example, a map of the world may be expanded from a single screen format to a three screen format. The multiple screens may also be used to display multiple pages of the electronic book. The displayed multiple pages may be consecutive or non-consecutive pages within the electronic book. The multiple screens also may be used to display multiple pages from more than one electronic book, or to display a page from an electronic book, and information from another electronic document or information source. For example, a first screen may display a page from the electronic book and a second page may display a digital television signal. The second screen also may display images that are linked to the page displayed on the first screen. A method and apparatus for links in an electronic book are described in detail in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/237,828, filed on Jan. 27, 1999, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ELECTRONIC LINKS, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• In still another embodiment, information from other sources may be displayed in a picture-in-picture format on the viewer's screen. For example, a live television program may be displayed in a picture-in-picture window of the screen at the same time that the text of an electronic book is displayed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the primary components of the electronic book selection and delivery system.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic showing an overview of the electronic book selection and delivery system.
• FIG. 3ais a schematic of the delivery plan for the electronic book selection and delivery system.
• FIG. 3bis a schematic of an alternate delivery plan.
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an operations center.
• FIG. 5ais a flow diagram of the processing at the operations center and uplink.
• FIG. 5bis a block diagram of the hardware configuration for an uplink site.
• FIG. 6ais a block diagram of the hardware configuration for a four component home subsystem.
• FIG. 6bis a schematic of a two unit home subsystem.
• FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of the processes performed by the video connector.
• FIG. 8 is a block diagram for an example of a library unit.
• FIG. 9 is a flow diagram of some of the processes performed by the library on the received data stream.
• FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of the processes performed by the library unit on information requests from the viewer.
• FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the components for an example of a viewer.
• FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of some of the processes performed by the viewer on an information request from a subscriber.
• FIG. 13 is a chart depicting the menu structure and sequencing of menus in the menu system.
• FIG. 14ais a schematic of an introductory menu.
• FIG. 14bis a schematic showing an example of a main menu.
• FIGS. 14c,14d,14e,14f,14g,14h,14iand14jare schematics showing examples of submenus.
• FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an electronic book system for a bookstore or public library.
• FIG. 16aandFIG. 16bare schematics of hardware modifications or upgrades to a set top converter.
• FIG. 17 is a schematic showing a set top terminal that includes a data receiver and data transmitter.
• FIG. 18ais a schematic of a book-on-demand system.
• FIG. 18bis a schematic of an operations center supporting a book-on-demand system.
• FIG. 19 is a flow chart of a process for highlighting, cutting and pasting, copying and pasting, and annotating text in an electronic book.
• FIG. 20 is a schematic illustrating an example of highlighting text in an electronic book.
• FIG. 21 is a schematic illustrating an example of cutting and pasting, and copying and pasting, text in an electronic book or between electronic books.
• FIG. 22 is a schematic illustrating an example of annotating text in an electronic book.
• FIG. 23 is a flow chart of a process for displaying multiple pages of an electronic book.
• FIG. 24 is a schematic illustrating an example of viewing multiple pages in an electronic book.
• FIG. 25 is a flow chart of a process for displaying one or more pages of an electronic book on a viewer having multiple screens.
• FIG. 26ais a schematic illustrating a first viewer having multiple screens.
• FIG. 26bis a schematic illustrating a second viewer having multiple screens.
• FIG. 26cis a schematic illustrating presenting an image on a viewer having one screen.
• FIG. 26dis a schematic illustrating presenting an image on a viewer having two screens.
• FIG. 26eis a schematic illustrating presenting an image on a viewer having four screens.
• FIG. 27 is a flow chart of a process for displaying picture-in-picture images of electronic books.
• FIG. 28ais a schematic illustrating use of an inset image within a main image for picture-in-picture viewing of electronic books.
• FIG. 28bis a schematic illustrating use of a side-by-side images for picture-in-picture viewing of electronic books.
• FIG. 28cis a schematic illustrating use of an inset image within a main image for picture-in-picture viewing of an electronic book and other information such as graphical images or video.
• FIG. 28dis a schematic illustrating use of a side-by-side images for picture-in-picture viewing of an electronic book and other information such as graphical images or video.
• FIG. 29ais a schematic diagram of an electronic book home system for receiving and displaying multiple signals in a picture-in-picture format.
• FIG. 29bshows the electronic book viewer displaying multiple images from separate information services.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• An electronic book selection and delivery system provides a new way to distribute electronic books to bookstores, public libraries, schools, and subscribers or users. In the discussion that follows, subscribers and users will be understood to refer to an individual or individuals who interface with the electronic book or any part of the electronic book selection and delivery system. The technological breakthroughs of this invention provide a secure system for both delivering selected electronic books and receiving payments. The system has an unusual combination of features that provides the consumer with an electronic book unit that has a high tech aura while being very practical, portable, and easy to use.
• The clear advantage of the system is that it eliminates the distribution of any physical object such as a paper book or computer memory device from any book or text distribution system. The purchase of an electronic book may become a PAY-PER-READ™ event avoiding the overhead, “middle-men,” printing costs, and time delay associated with the current book distribution system. Published material and text such as the President's speech, a new law, a court decision on abortion, or O. J. Simpson's testimony can be made immediately available to the consumer at a nominal fee.
• The system is a novel combination of new technology involving the television, cable, telephone, and computer industries. It uses high bandwidth data transmissions, strong security measures, sophisticated digital switching, high resolution visual displays, novel controls, and user friendly interface software.
• The primary components of the text delivery system are the subsystem for placing the text onto a signal path and the subsystem for receiving and selecting text that was placed on the signal path. A preferred embodiment of the system includes additional components and optional features that enhance the system. The system may be configured for use by bookstores, public libraries, schools and consumers.
• The system for consumer use is made up of four subsystems, namely: (1) an operations center, (2) a distribution system, (3) a home subsystem including reception, selection, viewing, transacting and transmission capabilities, and (4) a billing and collection system.
• The operations center performs several primary functions: manipulating text data (including receiving, formatting and storing of text data), security encoding of text, cataloging of books, providing a messaging center capability, and performing uplink functions. The system delivers the text from the operations center to consumer homes by inserting text data into an appropriate signal path. The insertion of text is generally performed with an encoder at an uplink site that is within or near the operations center. If the signal path is a video signal path, the system can use several lines of the Vertical Blanking Interval (VBI), all the lines of the analog video signal, a digital video signal or unused portions of bandwidth to transmit text data. Using the VBI delivery method, the top ten or twenty book titles may be transmitted with video during normal programming utilizing existing cable, satellite, wireless or broadcast transmission capability without disruption to the subscriber's video reception. Using the entire video signal, thousands of books may be transmitted within just one hour of air time. Nearly any analog or digital video distribution system may be used to deliver the video signal with included text.
• The text data may also be transmitted over other low and high speed signal paths including a telephone network (e.g., a public switched telephone network) having a high speed connection such as an asynchronous digital subscriber line (ADSL) connection. Other delivery methods and systems are described in detail in copending applications U.S. application Ser. No. 09/289,957, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY SYSTEMS, and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/289,956, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY METHODS, both filed Apr. 13, 1999, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
• The home subsystem performs four primary functions: connecting to the video distribution system, selecting text, storing text, and transacting through a phone or cable communicating mechanism. The components of the home subsystem may be configured in a variety of hardware configurations. Each function may be performed by a separate component, the components may be integrated, or the capability of existing cable set top converter boxes and televisions may be utilized. Preferably, a connector, library unit and an electronic book unit, or viewer unit, are used. The connector portion of the home subsystem receives the analog video signal and strips or extracts the text from the video. The home library stores the text signal, provides a user friendly software interface to the system and processes the transactions at the consumer home. The viewer provides a screen for viewing text or menus and novel user friendly controls. The viewer may also incorporate all the functionality of the home subsystem.
• The viewing device is preferably a portable book shaped viewer which stores one or more electronic books for viewing and provides a screen for interacting with the home library unit. A high resolution LCD display is used to both read the books and to interact with the home library software. An optional phone connector or return-path cable connection initiates the telephone calls and, with the aid of the library, transmits the necessary data to complete the ordering and billing portion of the consumer transaction. The user friendly controls include a bookmark, current book and page turn button. The billing and collection system performs transaction management, authorizations, collections and publisher payments automatically utilizing the telephone system. Alternative ordering and billing methods and systems are described in detail in copending applications U.S. application Ser. No. 09/289,957, filed on Apr. 13, 1999, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY SYSTEMS, and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/289,956, filed on Apr. 13, 1999, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY METHODS.
• In an embodiment, the primary components of the electronic book selection anddelivery system200 are anencoder204, avideo distribution system208, aconnector212, and atext selector216 as shown inFIG. 1. Theencoder204 places textual data on a video signal to form a composite video signal. Although the composite signal may contain only textual data, it usually carries both video and textual data. A variety of equipment and methods may be used to encode text data onto a video signal. Thevideo distribution system208 distributes the composite video signal from the single point of theencoder204 to multiple locations which haveconnectors212. Theconnector212 receives the digital or analog video signal from thevideo distribution system208 and separates, strips or extracts the text data from the composite video signal. If necessary, the extracted text data is converted into a digital bit stream.Text selector216 works in connection with theconnector212 to select text.
• Using aconnector212 andtext selector216 combination, various methods of selecting and retrieving desired text from a composite or video signal are possible. Text may be preselected, selected as received or selected after being received and stored. A preferred method is for theconnector212 to strip or extract all the text from the video signal and have thetext selector216 screen all the text as received from theconnector212. Thetext selector216 only stores text in long term or permanent memory if the text passes a screening process described below.
• An overview of the electronic book selection anddelivery system200 is shown inFIG. 2. Thedelivery system200 includes: anoperations center250 including anuplink site254, avideo distribution system208, ahome system258 including avideo connector212, alibrary262, aviewer266, and aphone connector270,telephone system274, aninternet web site279 and a billing andcollection system278. Also as shown inFIG. 2, thehome system258 may include connections to atelevision259 and apersonal computer261. Thetelevision259 and thepersonal computer261 may be used to display menu screens, electronic books, electronic files, or any other information associated with thedelivery system200. In addition, thetelevision259 and thepersonal computer261 may provide control function that replicate and supplement those of theviewer266.
• Theoperations center250 receives textual material fromoutside sources282 such as publishers, newspapers, and on-line services. Alternately, the outside sources may maintain electronic books at theInternet web site279. Theoutside sources282 may convert textual and graphical material to digital format, or may contract with another vendor to provide this service. Theoperations center250 may receive the textual and graphical material in various digital formats and may convert the textual material to a standard compressed format for storage. In so doing, theoperations center250 may create a pool of textual material that is available to be delivered to thehome system258. The textual material may be grouped by books or titles for easy access.
• As used herein, “book” means textual or graphical information such as contained in any novels, encyclopedias, articles, magazines or manuals. The term “title” may represent the actual title assigned by an author to a book, or any other designation indicating a particular group, portion, or category of textual information. The title may refer to a series of related textual information, a grouping of textual information, or a portion of textual data. For example, “Latest Harlequin Romance”, “Four Child Reading Books (Ages 10-12)”, “Encyclopedia ‘BRITANNICA’™”, “President's Speech”, “Instruction Manual”, “Schedule of 4th of July Events”, “Pet Handbooks”, “Roe v. Wade”, and “The Joy of Cooking” are suitable titles. Also, the title may be a graphical symbol or icon. Thus, a picture of a wrench may be a title for a repair book, a picture of a computer a title for a computer book, a graphical symbol of a telephone a title for a telephone book, a drawing of a dagger a title for a mystery book, a picture of a bat and ball a title for a sports book and a picture of tickertape a title for a business book. The term “electronic book” refers to the electronic counterpart to a “book.”
• Theoperations center250 includes anuplink site254 for placing the text onto a video signal and sending the composite video signal into a video distribution system. Theuplink site254 would generally include an encoder204 (not shown inFIG. 2) to encode the text onto a video signal.
• Many analog anddigital distribution systems208, or other telecommunications systems, can be used with thedelivery system200, such as a cable television distribution system, a broadcast television distribution system, video distributed over telephone systems, distribution from the Internet, direct satellite broadcast distribution systems, and other wired and wireless distribution systems.
• Thehome system258 performs five primary functions: (1) connecting with a video distribution system, (2) selecting data, (3) storing data, (4) displaying data, and (5) handling transactions. An important optional function of thehome sub-system258 is communicating using atelephone communication system274. Thehome system258 is made up of primarily four parts: avideo connector212 or similar type of connector for connecting with thevideo distribution system208, alibrary unit262 for storing and processing, an electronic book, or viewer unit,266 for viewing menus and text and atelephone connector270 for connecting with atelephone communications system274. In an alternate arrangement, theviewer266 may include all the functionality of thehome system258.
• The billing andcollection system278 may be co-located with theoperations center250 or located remote from theoperations center250. In an embodiment, the billing andcollection system278 is in communication with thehome system258 via telephone-type communication systems (for example274). Any of a number of telephone type communication systems, such as, a cellular system, will operate with the billing andcollection system278. The billing andcollection system278 records the electronic books or portions of text that are selected or ordered by the subscriber. The collection system will charge a subscriber's credit account or bill the subscriber. In addition, the billing andcollection system278 will monitor that amount due to publishers or otheroutside sources282 who have provided textual data or other services such as air time to enable thetext delivery system200 to operate.
• When electronic books are provided via theInternet web site279, the billing and collecting functions may be incorporated into theInternet web site279. For example, a subscriber may pay for an electronic book selection by entering a credit card number into a data field of a page of theInternet web site279. In this configuration, a separate billing and collection system may not be required.
• FIG. 3ais an expanded overview of adelivery plan301 for thedelivery system200. Thedelivery plan301 supports various types of subscribers and various billing systems.FIG. 3ashows thatpublishers282 will providetext transfer302 to theoperations center250′ and receivepayments306 from the billing andcollection system278′. A separatechannel uplink site254′ is shown in thisconfiguration receiving data310 from theoperations center250′. Theoperations center250′ has three separate sections (318,322,326) one for text receiving, formatting andre-entry318, a second forsecurity encoding322 and a third section for catalog and messaging center functions326.
• The billing andcollection system278′ shown has two sections (330,334) one for transaction management, authorizations andpublisher payments330, and the other forcustomer service334. Thecustomer service section334 provides for data entry and access to customer account information.Transaction accounting information338 is supplied tocredit card companies342 by thetransaction management section330 of the billing andcollection system278′. Thecredit card companies342 providebilling346 to customers either electronically or by mail.
• Three methods for communicating between thesubscriber base348 and the billing andcollection system278′ are shown: by telephone switching350 alone, cellular switching354 and telephone switching350 combined, and by use of thecable system358 and the telephone switching350. The system shown supports both one-way362 and two-way cable communication366 with subscribers. Public libraries andschools370 as well asbookstores374 may use thedelivery system301.
• Public libraries andschools370 would have a modified system to allow theviewer266 to be checked-out or borrowed whilebookstores374 would rent or sell theviewer266 and sell the electronic books. Thebookstores374 as well as the public libraries andschools370 may be serviced bycable378. Optional direct broadcast systems (DBS)382 can also be used with thedelivery system200. TheDBS382 may provide the electronic books using digital satellite technology, with the electronic books being received via a backyard satellite antenna, for example.
• FIG. 3bis analternate delivery plan301′ that provides for electronic book selection and delivery using the Internet. InFIG. 3b,thepublishers282 provide the electronic books to be posted at theInternet web site279. The publishers may convert the text and graphical data to digital format, compress the digital data, and upload the compressed digital data to theInternet web site279. Alternately, thepublishers282 may arrange for anoutside conversion activity283 to convert the text and graphical data to digital format. Theconversion activity283 may then provide the digital data to theInternet web site279. For example, a large on-line bookstore could gather publications in electronic form from a variety of publishers, or could convert hard-copy books to electronic form, and post the electronic books on the Internet such as at theInternet web site279.
• The electronic books may then be transferred via a public switched telephone network (PSTN), for example, direct to asubscriber285, alibrary286 and abookstore287. Thelibrary286 and thebookstore287 may also provide electronic books to thesubscriber285.
I. The Operations Center
• FIG. 4 is a schematic of anoperations center250 which includes anuplink254. Theoperations center250 gathers text or books by receiving, formatting, storing, and encoding. Adata stream302 containing text is received at theoperations center250 by adata receiver402. Thedata receiver402 is under the control of aprocessor404. After reception, the data stream is formatted using digital logic for formatting406 which is also under the control of theprocessor404. If any additional text is being generated at theoperation center250 locally for insertion into the distributed signal, the text generation is handled throughtext generator hardware410 which may include a data receiver and a keyboard (not shown). Following processing by thetext generator410, the additional text can be added to the text received by the combininghardware414 that includes digital logic circuitry (not shown).
• The processing at theoperations center250 is controlled by aprocessor404 which uses aninstruction memory416. Theprocessor404 andinstruction memory416 may be supplied by a personal computer or mini-computer. To perform the catalog and messaging functions, theoperations center250 uses a catalog andmessage memory420 and thetext generator410 if necessary.
• The data stream of text, catalog and messages is preferably encoded bysecurity module encoding424 prior to being sent to theuplink module254. Various encoding techniques may be used by thesecurity encoding module424 such as the commercial derivative of NSA's encryption algorithm (Data Encryption System (DES)) and General Instrument's DigiCipher II. Following encoding, the encoded text may be stored intext memory428 prior to being sent to theuplink254. A first-in-first-out text memory arrangement may be used under the control of theprocessor404. Various types of memory may be used for thetext memory428 including RAM. Theoperations center250 may use file server technology for thetext memory428 to catalog and spool electronic books for transmission as is described below.
• To transmit textual data (i.e., electronic books), thedelivery system208 uses high bandwidth transmission techniques such as those defined by the North American Broadcast Teletext Standard (NABTS) and the World System Teletext (WST) standard. Using the WST format (where each line of the Vertical Blanking Interval contains 266 data bits), a four hundred page book, for example, may be transmitted during programming using four lines of the Vertical Blanking Interval at a rate of approximately one book every 1.6 minutes (63,840 bits per second). Alternatively, electronic books may be transmitted over a dedicated channel, which interrupts programming so that 246 lines of video can be used to transmit approximately 2,250 books every hour (3.9 Mbits per second). A teletext type format is the simplest but possibly the slowest text format to use with thedelivery system200. In either event, anencoder204 is utilized at anuplink site254 to insert textual data into the analog video signal. In many other respects, the delivery of the textual information is completed using existing cable television plant and equipment.
• FIG. 5ais a flowchart of the steps involved in processing text from the publisher orprovider282 that occurs at theoperations center250. As shown inblock500, thepublisher282 processes data files of text for books, compresses, encrypts and sends the data files to theoperations center250 oruplink254. Text files for books are preferably sent one book at a time. As shown inblock504, theuplink254 oroperations center250 receives and processes the data stream from thepublisher282. Generally, part of this processing includes encryption and error correction.
• As shown inblock508, files are broken into smaller packets of information. Header information is added to the packets. The bit stream is converted from a serial digital bit stream to an analog bit stream that is compatible with an NTSC video signal.Block512 shows the switching of analog data into the video lines of a video signal. The analog data is generally placed either in the VBI or the active video lines. In some instances, it may be preferable to utilize unused portions of bandwidth (such as 5-40 MHZ, 70-75 MHZ, 100-109 MHZ or other guard bands) instead of the video lines.
• FIG. 5bis an example of a hardware configuration to perform some of the functions forblocks508 and512. Avideo feed516 is received and processed through async stripper520. The strippedsync signal532 is used by thedigital logic control524. Thedigital logic control524 receives thesync signal532 and a serialdigital bit stream528 for processing. Thedigital logic control524 passes the serial digital bit stream to the Digital toAnalog converter536 and outputs acontrol signal540 for thevideo switch544. Thevideo switch544 integrates thevideo feed516 andanalog data stream548 into a video feed with analog data signal inserted552.
• As an alternative to cable, satellite, broadcast, or other television delivery methods, the public telephone system may be used to transmit books to the subscribers. An average electronic book would take about 7 minutes to transmit over the public telephone system. Using the telephone system, it is not necessary to combine video and text into a composite signal. In most other respects, the operation center would remain similar whether text delivery was by telephone or cable. File server technology (such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,875, entitled AUDIO/VIDEO FILE SERVER INCLUDING DECOMPRESSION/PLAYBACK MEANS, issued to Mincer, et al., and, U.S. Pat. No. 5,218,695, entitled FILE SERVER SYSTEM HAVING HIGH-SPEED WRITE EXECUTION, issued to Noveck, et al., incorporated herein by reference) may be used at the operation center with a telephone system text delivery method.
• As another alternative to cable, television, and telephone system delivery, the public telephone system may be used to provide access to the Internet, where theInternet web site279 may be accessed. Electronic books may be ordered, paid for, and delivered directly from theInternet web site279 over the telephone system.
• In any delivery system using the telephone system, individual subscribers may increase the electronic book deliver rate by incorporating high speed modems or other communication devices such as an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) connector, or by use of an Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
II. The Home System
• The hardware configuration for a fourcomponent home system258 is shown inFIG. 6a.FIG. 6bshows a hardware configuration for a two component home system. The hardware components may also be incorporated into a single unit that communicates with a terminal in a television delivery system or with a telephone system by use of a modem, for example. Thehome system258 performs several functions, such as receiving data and video transmissions, stripping (or extracting) the data from the video signal, screening and storing the data, providing user friendly interface controls and software, displaying menus and text, processing transactions, initiating telephone calls and transmitting billing data. Various hardware configurations may be utilized to achieve the desired functions of thehome system258. For example, as shown inFIG. 6b,thehome system258 can be configured to utilize the reception and channel tuning capability of the current installed subscriber base of cable converter boxes andtelevisions601. Thehome system258 can also be designed as an advanced set top terminal converter box with menu generation capability, electronic memory and a telephone modem as described in section V below.
• The electronic components which make up thehome system258 can be arranged in a variety of ways. In the four unit system ofFIG. 6atheviewer266 andlibrary unit262 are wired together while the remaining components communicate throughRF transceivers604. In a simple version of thehome system258 there are only two units, thelibrary unit262 and aviewer266.FIG. 6bshows a twounit home system258 with certain optional features. Finally, all the functionality of thehome system258 may be incorporated into one electronic book unit, or viewer.
• Theviewer266 is generally equipped with a highresolution viewing area602, digital logic (including a key605,security606, and a microprocessor621), video graphics control andmemory607, power supply circuitry602 (not shown), anoptional battery603 and anoptional RF transceiver604. In a two unit arrangement, thelibrary unit262 contains the connector function to thevideo distribution system208, connector function to a public telephone communications system, and memory600 (which may be removable and portable600′). More specifically, thelibrary unit262 would includedata stripping functions617,digital logic609,memory storage600,power circuitry610, optional telephone connections611 (including cellular orPCN611′), optional battery (not shown),optional tuner module613 and anoptional RF transceiver604. Thevideo connector212 and the publictelephone system connection270, as well as the removableportable memory unit600 of thelibrary unit262 may be broken out into separate components. (FIG. 6bshows a removable portablehard disk memory600′ withremovable cartridges614.) Finally, thehome system258 may include an attachedkeyboard267 or awireless keyboard268. Both the attachedkeyboard267 and thewireless keyboard268 may be used to communicate with the viewer266 (not shown) or thelibrary unit262.
• Thewireless keyboard268 may communicate via radio frequency (RF) signaling, for example. Therefore, thehome system258 may have as many as six separate components which communicate with each other. The two, three, four, five or six separate components which make up thehome system258 can communicate with each other in a variety of ways, includinghardwired connection615,RF transceiver604, and other wireless methods.
• RF communications are preferred in the home because they allow separate components to be located throughout the home without restriction. The data communicated between the units is preferably secure data. In addition, thelibrary unit262 may provide power to theviewer266 through thehardwired connection615.
• Alternatively, a single unit may perform all of thehome system258 functions. The single unit should use light-weight materials, including a light-weight battery. A single unit eliminates the need to communicate (externally) between units. The single unit is less expensive and eliminates duplicative processing, memory storage and power circuitry.
• To receive and strip the data from the video signal at the consumer's home, either a cable interface device orcable connector212 is used. The cable connector device includes atuner613, while the cable interface device makes use of existing tuning equipment in the home. In either configuration, data is stripped from the video signal and stored at the subscriber's location in thelibrary unit262. Thephone connector270, andmodem611 initiate telephone calls and transmit ordering and billing information to theoperations center250 or billing andcollection system278. Alternatively, thephone connecter270 and themodem611 may be used to provide access to the Internet to order and receive electronic books from an Internet web site. Adigital connector619 is provided to communicate digital information with theset top601. Thelibrary unit262 is the intelligent component of the home system, incorporating the hardware and software necessary to store the text data, generate menus and effect the purchase transactions. In addition to anRF transceiver604, thelibrary unit262 also includes the necessary jacks and connections to allow thedelivery system200 to be connected to theviewer266. As shown inFIG. 6b,thelibrary262 communicates the text data (electronic book) to theviewer266 in a secure format which requires a key605 for decryption. The text is generally only decrypted page by page just before viewing.
• a. The Video Connector
• FIG. 7 shows the flow of the processes performed by thevideo connector212. The video connector receives thevideo signal608, tunes to the channel containing thetext data612, strips the text data from thevideo signal616, and communicates the text data stream to logic components in thelibrary620.
• The connection to the video distribution system is preferably a cable connector to a cable television delivery system, as shown inFIG. 6b.The cable connector includes adata stripper circuit617, which accepts video input from either a set top converter, TV orVCR601, or anoptional tuner block613 that receives the CATV signal through thecable connector212′. Thedata stripper circuit617 strips data out of the video, and outputs a digital bit stream to thedigital logic portion609 of thelibrary unit262. The data is embedded in the video signal either in the vertical blanking interval or the active video portion in an encrypted and compressed format. Thedata stripper circuit617 can be placed inside the settop converter box601, TV, or in the library unit. Thedata stripper circuit617 outputs the digital bit stream to be used by the librarydigital logic609.
• Thevideo connector212 may also contain achannel tuner module613 that can tune to the video channel and provide access to the video that contains the data to be stripped. Using theoptional tuner module613, a set top converter, VCR, or TV tuner is not needed in the home system. Theoptional tuner module613 would instead receive the CATV signal directly through thecable connector212.
• b. Library
• An embodiment of thelibrary unit262 for a twounit home system258 is shown in bothFIG. 6bandFIG. 8. The embodiment shown includes the following optional parts: thevideo connector212,phone connector270,RF transceiver604, andbattery pack624 in addition to a removalportable memory600′,microprocessor628,instruction memory unit632,digital logic636, andpower unit640.
• Thelibrary unit262 contains a digital logic section609 (not shown inFIG. 8) which includes themicroprocessor628, thedigital logic636 and theinstruction memory unit632. Themicroprocessor628 is preferably a secure microprocessor such as the Mot SC21 device sold by Motorola. Thedigital logic section609 will receive the serial digital bit stream from thedata stripper circuit617 and process the data. Error correction will also be performed by thedigital logic section609 and the data will be checked for proper address. If the address of the data is correct and thelibrary unit262 is authorized to receive the data, the data will be transferred to thememory storage unit600,600′. Authorization to receive the data is provided by the cable headend or another distribution point. An authorization code may be sent in the serial digital bit stream. Thedigital logic section609 will send appropriate text and graphical data to thememory storage unit600,600′. It transfers this data in a compressed and encrypted format and the data remains stored in a compressed and encrypted format.
• • i. Memory Storage Unit
• The memory storage unit of the library may be a removableportable memory unit600′ (as shown inFIGS. 6a,6band8). A variety of options are available for memory storage: a hard disk drive, a hard disk with removable platters, and a CD ROM, or a MEMORY STICK™. Referring toFIG. 6b,a harddisk drive unit600′ which contains removable platters may also be used. This would provide virtually unlimited library storage capacity. Data (i.e., electronic book files) may be stored in the memory storage unit in a compressed and encrypted format. As is also shown inFIG. 6b,the data may also contain a key or unique ID number that matches the ID or key of theviewer266. This matching of a unique key or ID number prevents unauthorized transfer of text data from the memory storage unit to an unauthorized viewer. Small memory devices such as smart cards, electronic memory cards or PCMCIA cards (personal computer memory card industry association) may also be used to store the data.
• • ii. Power Circuitry
• As shown inFIGS. 6band8, thelibrary unit262 may accept power from eitherAC wall power610,DC power640, oroptional battery power624. Thepower circuitry610,640 may provide all the voltage necessary from either thebattery624 or AC unit for the various circuitry in the library. Thepower circuitry610,640 may also provide power to theviewer266 through a single data cable when connected to the viewer. Thepower circuitry610,640 will recharge the battery using AC power when in operation. With theoptional battery unit624 installed, thelibrary unit262 becomes a portable unit and can still provide power to theviewer266. In order to extend battery life, power conservation measures may be utilized, such as shutting down the memory system when not in use. When theviewer266 is being utilized and the library circuitry is not being utilized, virtually all power may be shut down to thelibrary unit262.
• • iii. Connection to the Public Telephone System
• The connection to the telephone system may be provided by amodem611. Various available modems may be used to perform this function. As shown inFIG. 6b, cellular phone orPCN phone connections611′ may also be provided. When thehome system258 is first initialized, the modem may be used to transfer the name and credit card information of the consumer to the billing andcollection system278. Thetelephone connection270 may be utilized each time an electronic book is purchased by a consumer to complete and record the transaction. Thetelephone connection270 may also be used as a means for receiving the electronic books from theoperations center250 or from an Internet web site, by-passing thevideo distribution system208. Thephone connection270 may be a separate unit as shown inFIG. 6b.
• • iv. Library Processing
• FIG. 9 shows an example of some basic processing performed by thelibrary unit262 on thedata stream651 received from thevideo connector212 orstripper circuit617. First thedata stream651 is checked for error correction byblock650. If an error is detected, block654 de-interleaves the data followed byblock658 running a FEC (Forward Error Correcting) algorithm. The combination ofblock650,654 and658 perform the error correction needed on the data stream. If no error correction is necessary the data proceeds to block662 where packets are individually checked for packet address.
• If the address is a unique address, block666 checks whether the address of the packet matches the library box ID number. The library box ID number is a unique number associated with thatlibrary unit262 which is used to ensure security of the data.Block670 determines whether an electronic file has already been opened into which the data packet can be saved. If no data file has been opened then block674 opens a new data file for that packet. If an electronic file has been opened, then the packet is saved in that electronic file on disk, block678. Next, the process checks to see if this is the last packet for a particular book for a particular textual data block being received682. If it is the last packet of information, then the electronic file is closed and the directory of available electronic files is updated686. Following either block682 or686, the process returns to receive another data packet from the data stream received from the data stripper block.
• If the packet address is checked and the address is determined to be a broadcast address, the process determines the type of message that is being sent690. The message may be an index of book titles, menu (and menu graphics) information, announcements, special offerings, discounts, promotions, previews etc. The message is then stored in appropriateelectronic message file694 and the process is returned to block650 to receive another data packet and perform another error check.
• Using the process ofFIG. 9, thelibrary unit262 is able to receive, store and update directories related to the textual data and graphical data (that can be used to depict pictures in a given book or to generate menus). Variations of the processes are possible depending on the format of the data and operating system of thelibrary unit262.
• FIG. 10 shows an example of the processing of information requests from theviewer266 at thelibrary unit262. Information requests from theviewer266 are received either through the cable connecting theviewer266 to thelibrary unit262 or through wireless transmissions such as RF. It is possible in some embodiments for subscribers' requests to come from a set top terminal602 (see Section V).
• Information requests received from theviewer266 generally fall into three categories: (1) directory data of electronic books stored in thelibrary unit262, (2) index of all available electronic books on the system, and (3) requests for a specific electronic book (Block700). Aget directory process704 answers a request from theviewer266 for a directory of data showing the electronic books stored at theviewer266. The directory of data is sent to theviewer266 so that it may be displayed to the subscriber. Aget index process708 handles requests from theviewer266 for an index of all available electronic books on thehome system258. Thelibrary unit262 will obtain an index of all the available books on the system and transmit that index,process712, with menu information to theviewer266. Anopen file process716 replies to a request from theviewer266 for a specific electronic book. Thelibrary unit262 opens an electronic file for the specific electronic book requested by theviewer266 and transmits the record or transmits theinformation720 on a packet-by-packet basis to theviewer266. This process of transmitting the specific electronic book, record, or packets to theviewer266 continues until the last record or packet has been sent,724.
• In addition to the processes shown onFIG. 10 in handling a request for a specific electronic book, thelibrary unit262 also orders and receives specific electronic books from theoperations center250 using the process as described in theopen file process716. Following a request for a specific electronic book which is not stored at thelibrary unit262, thelibrary unit262 will proceed to determine the next available time the electronic book will be on thevideo distribution system208 and ensure reception and storage of that electronic book (process not shown). In performing this process thelibrary unit262 will transmit to theviewer266 information on when it will obtain the text data for the electronic book so that the subscriber may view the electronic book. In addition to timing information, price and other ordering information may also be passed by thelibrary unit262 to the subscriber.
• c. The Viewer
• FIG. 11 is a block diagram of theviewer266 showing its internal components. Theviewer266 ofFIG. 11 is similar to theviewer266 depicted inFIG. 6b.Theviewer266 is designed to physically resemble a bound book. Theviewer266 is made up of five primary components and six optional components: (1)LCD display602, (2) digital circuitry (not shown), (3)video graphics controller607′, (4) controls740, (5)book memory728, (6) optionalpower supply circuitry736, (7)optional battery603′, (8)optional RF transceiver604, (9) optional cellular or mobile communicator (608), (10)optional keyboards267 and268, and (11) a speaker/microphone608′.
• (1) A highresolution LCD screen602, preferably of VGA quality, is used by theviewer266 to display text and graphic images. The screen is preferably the size of one page of a book. A two page screen or two screens may also be used with theviewer266.
• (2) Digital circuitry that includes asecure microprocessor621,instruction memory732, and digital logic. Data is transferred to theviewer266 in compressed and encrypted format. Thesecure microprocessor621 compares the ID number of theviewer266 with the incoming data stream and only stores the text data if the ID number of theviewer266 matches that within the incoming data stream. It is preferred that theviewer266 not output text data or other data and that the data is decompressed and decrypted only at the moment of viewing and only for the current page being viewed. These measures are preferred because they provide additional security against unauthorized access to data.
• (3) Avideo graphics controller607′ that is capable of assisting and displaying VGA quality text and graphic images is included in theviewer266. Thegraphics controller607′ is controlled by the digital circuitry described above. Text may be displayed in multiple font sizes.
• (4) Theviewer266 ofFIG. 11 has touch panel controls740. These unique andnovel controls740 allow the consumer to select stored electronic books and electronic books from catalogues, move a cursor, and turn pages in a book. Typically,preferred controls740 include forward and reversepage buttons742,741, a ball (or trackball)743 for cursor movement, one ormore selection buttons745, acurrent book button747 and a bookmark button749 (seeFIG. 14a).
• Thecontrols740 should be easy to use and conveniently located. Referring toFIG. 14a,the controls for theviewer266 may be located below thescreen602 at the bottom portion of theviewer266. The nextpage turn button742 is the mostused button740 and may be located towards the right edge of the page. The subscriber is likely to use right hand thumb movements to work the controls particularly thepage turn buttons741,742. Therefore, it is preferred that the buttons be arranged in such a manner that the buttons are easily controlled by a subscriber's right thumb. Generally, this can be accommodated either on the lower portion of the viewer266 (as shown) or along the right hand margin of the viewer266 (not shown). Thecurrent book button747 andbookmark button749 are usually the least used of thecontrols740. Therefore, in the example shown thosebuttons747,749 are located on the inside portion towards the binder of theviewer266.
• Locating theball743 or other cursor movement device (such as four pointer arrows—not shown) in the bottom center of theviewer266 is both easier for the subscriber to use and easier in manufacturing theviewer266. The selection buttons for thecursor745 are preferably located below the middle diameter of thecursor ball743 on the right and left sides of the ball as shown. If pointer arrows are used for cursor movement, aselection button745 may be located in the center of the four arrow buttons (not shown). Again, the most used controls should be located where a subscriber's right hand thumb would normally rest.
• (5)Book memory728 for at least one electronic book or more of text is included in theviewer266. Thememory728 stores text and any graphics which represent pictures in a book. Thememory728 can also store menu graphics data. Twodifferent memory728 devices may be used in theviewer266, one for the instructions for themicroprocessor621 in the digital circuitry and a second type of memory may be used for the book memory728 (and graphics). Various memory devices available on the market may be used such as, ROM, RAM or a small hard disk. Since an electronic book requires approximately 0.6 megabytes of storage, a small hard disk providing approximately 60 MBytes of storage provides memory to store approximately 100 electronic books. The large hard disk drives currently available allow for storage of thousands of electronic books.
• Text for books may be displayed in various font sizes. To accommodate various fonts for display, a variety of fonts are stored ininstruction732 orbook memory728. Thus larger or smaller fonts may be recalled frommemory621,728 to create displays desired by the subscriber.
• (6)Power supply circuitry736 in theviewer266 will accept power from either an AC power source or from anoptional battery603′, or thelibrary unit262. Thepower supply circuitry736 provides the necessary voltages to accommodate the various systems within theviewer266.
• (7) Anoptional battery603′ is provided in a preferred embodiment. Thebattery603′ is automatically recharged when AC power is available.
• (8) Anoptional RF transceiver604 which provided two-way data link between theviewer266 and other components of the home system can also be included in theviewer266.
• (9) Also, theviewer266 may include a cellular transceiver for mobile communications.
• (10) The optional wired (attached)keyboard267 and wireless (e.g., RF) keyboard268 (seeFIG. 6a) may be used with theviewer266 to provide communications between the subscriber and theviewer266.
• (11) The speaker andmicrophone608′ allow theviewer266 to provide audio signals to the subscriber, and allow the subscriber to provide an audio input. The speaker andmicrophone608′ may be used in conjunction with thecellular transceiver608 or other telecommunications equipment to provide for reception and transmission of telephony and data.
• Theviewer266 ofFIG. 11 has parts available for providing connections to: alibrary744,electronic card memory748,CD ROM units752, and a portable memory unit756 (such as that shown inFIG. 6b600′). Various electronic memory cards such as PCMCIA can be used with thisviewer266.
• Security, low power consumption and excellent display technology are desired features of theviewer266 design. Theviewer266 should be lightweight and portable. Theviewer266 contains a software operating system that allows electronic books to be stored, read and erased and includes the capability to order electronic books and retain them inmemory728 for a predefined period of time determined by the system operator. The software can be configured to allow the electronic book to be read during a period of time (i.e., two weeks) and then automatically erased, read once and erased, or held in memory permanently. Eachviewer266 has aunique key605. All of the data storage is encrypted with the key605 for anindividual viewer266 to prevent more than oneviewer266 accessing the text file or electronic book file.
• FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of some of the processes executed by theviewer266. Generally, theviewer266 receives inputs from the subscriber through touch panel controls740. Alternately, theviewer266 receives inputs from a touchscreen display, the attachedkeyboard267, or theremote keyboard268. The subscriber's information requests are then processed through aninformation request process800 by theviewer266.
• If the subscriber requests a menu of available electronic books, a selectavailable book process804 will select a book menu. Anopen file process808 will open the electronic files which list the electronic books that are available (related to the category of topic of the menu) and display the menu with the names of the available electronic books.
• If the subscriber selects a particular electronic book to read, then a select abook process812 will process the selection and determine the electronic file that contains the specific electronic book. Anopen file process816 will open the file for that specific book and normally access the first page. (If a pointer has already been set in that electronic book's file, the process may default to that page.) Adecision process820 will then determine which page needs to be displayed. Thedecision process820 will determine whether a next page, previous page or a book marked page needs to be displayed. If the pointer for the electronic file is not in the correct location then a getprevious page process828 will move the pointer and obtain the previous page of data from the stored file. Otherwise, a getnext page process824 will normally obtain the next page of text from the stored electronic file. A decrypt and decompressprocess832 will decrypt and decompress the text data and send the data to the video display. The video display will generally have a video display memory associated with it and the decrypt and decompressprocess832 will send the data directly to that video display memory. The circuitry for the display then completes the process of displaying the page of text.
• If the subscriber, through thecontrols740, requests (from the information request process800) that the power be turned off, then a process,836, of turning the power off will be initiated. Asave pointer process840 saves the pointer in memory to the page number in the book that theviewer266 is currently reading. Aclose files process844 closes all the electronic files and signals the power circuitry to shut down the power to the various circuits in theviewer266. The subscriber may also use thecontrols740 to access other electronic files using electronic links embedded in a particular electronic file. An electronic link system will be described later in detail.
• With these examples of basic processes theviewer266 is able to display book selections and display text from those books.
• d. Menu System
• Referring generally toFIG. 13, thedelivery system200 may have amenu system851 for selecting features and electronic books from thedelivery system200. The operating software and memory required for themenu system851 may be located at the viewer266 (e.g., theinstruction memory732 and/or book memory728). However, it may also be located at the library unit262 (e.g., the instruction memory632) or thelibrary unit262 and theviewer266 can share the software and memory needed to operate themenu system851. Since the menus are usually displayed on theviewer266 and it is preferred that theviewer266 be capable of operating in the absence of thelibrary unit262, the basic software and memory to create the menus is more conveniently located at theviewer266.
• Themenu system851 allows sequencing between menus and provides menu graphics for graphical displays such as on theLCD display602 of theviewer266. In a system which uses a set top converter these menus may also be displayed on a television screen. In the simplest embodiment, the menus provide basic text information from which the subscriber makes choices. In more sophisticated embodiments, the menus provide visual displays with graphics and icons to assist the subscriber.
• FIG. 13 depicts amenu system851 with sequencing. The primary menus in the system are anintroductory menu850, amain menu854 andvarious submenus858. In the embodiment shown, there are three levels ofsubmenus858. In certain instances one or twosubmenus858 is sufficient to easily direct the subscriber to the selection or information requested. However, there are features in which three ormore submenus858 make the user interface more friendly for the subscriber. Each level ofsubmenus858 may consist of multiple possible menus for display. The particular menu displayed depends on the selection by the subscriber on the previous shown menu. An example of this tree sequence of one to many menus are thehelp submenus887,888. Depending upon the specific help requested, a different level two help menu is displayed to the subscriber.
• An example of anintroductory menu850 is shown onFIG. 14a.Generally theintroductory menu850 introduces theviewer266 to the system and provides initial guidance, announcements and instruction. Theintroductory menu850 is followed by amain menu854, an example of which is shown inFIG. 14b.The main menu provides theviewer266 with the basic selection or features available in the system.FIG. 14bis an example of amain menu854 offering many additional features andsubmenus858 to the subscriber. For example,FIG. 14bshows that theviewer266 is able to choose by a point and click method, many options including: (1) free previews, (2) books you can order, (3) books in your library, (4) your current book, (5) help, (6) on-line services and (6) other system features. Following a selection on themain menu854, acorresponding submenu858 is shown.
• FIG. 13 shows thirteen available primary or first level submenus. They are (1) account set up862, (2)free previews866, (3)book suggestion entries855, (4) books in yourlibrary872, (5) books you can order878, (6) yourcurrent book884, (7)help887, (8)available features890, (9)messages893, (10)account information896, (11)outgoing message submenu898, (12) showlinks970, and (13) createlinks980.FIG. 14cis an example of a first level submenu for electronic books in yourlibrary872. This “Book In Your Library”example submenu872 shows six available electronic books by title and author and provides the subscriber with the ability to check a different shelf ofbooks874 or return to themain menu854.FIGS. 14dand14eshow example submenus858 for electronic books that may be ordered using the “Books You Can Order”submenu878.
• FIG. 14fis an example of an order selection andconfirmation menu880′, which provides a “soft keyboard”975 for the subscriber to use in placing an electronic book order and which confirms the subscriber's order. In this particular example, the subscriber is required to enter a PIN number to complete the subscriber's order. The “soft keyboard”975 could be configured as a full alpha-numeric keyboard, and may be used by the subscriber to add additional information related to a book order. An alpha-numeric or similar password may be used to ensure the subscriber is an authorized subscriber. In an embodiment, the subscriber confirms an order with a PIN or password and then receives a final confirmation screen. The final confirmation screen is primarily text and may state: Your book order is now being processed via CABLE.
• Your book will be delivered overnight and your VISA account will be charged $2.95.
• Your book will be available for reading at 6:00 AM EST tomorrow. Make sure that:
• • 1. your Library Unit and Cable Connection Unit are plugged in with aerials up tonight; and
  • 2. you tune your cable converter to THE BOOK Channel. The TV set does not have to remain on.
    or similar language.
• Examples of the “Account Set Up Menu”862 andfurther submenus858 related to account set up (which provide instructions and account input864) are shown inFIG. 14gandFIG. 14h.Thesesubmenus858 allow initialization of an account at theoperations center250 and orders to be charged to credit cards. Thesubmenus858 include the ability to enter data related to your desired PIN number or password, credit cards, phone numbers, etc. It is preferred that the account set up be performed using the telephone system. A confirmation menu verifies that the account has been properly set up with the desired PIN or password and credit card.
• Free previews forbooks866 are also provided by submenus (868,870). Examples of the free preview menus are shown inFIG. 14iandFIG. 14j.FIG. 14ishows a menu depicting various electronic books for which previews are available for viewing. Following an electronic book selection, a screen submenu showing an excerpt of the selected electronic book cover's description is provided along with an excerpt from a critic's review of the selected electronic book. In a preferred embodiment, this preview screen for a particular electronic book also allows the subscriber to select a submenu which provides information about the author. The book preview submenu may also include a still video picture or graphics portraying a book cover or a scene from the electronic book. An example of such a still video picture or graphics is shown inFIG. 14jwhich depicts apreview screen870 about the author. The video may also be provided according to MPEG standards as a short moving video clip. Such a clip could be an interview with the author, for example. The author'spreview screen870 shows a picture of the author, provides a short biography, and may allow the subscriber to order the author's books. The price for ordering the authors various electronic books may also be shown on the menu. Alternatively, the previews may be provided through an electronic link system, which is described in detail in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/237,828, filed on Jan. 27, 1999, entitled ELECTRONIC BOOK ELECTRONIC LINKS, the disclosures of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
• In addition to free previews, in more sophisticated embodiments, thedelivery system200 provides the subscriber with an electronic book suggestion feature (see855). This is accomplished using themenu system851 and the processor with associated memory located at theviewer266,library unit262 or at the distribution point (1020 or250). When necessary, information for the program suggestion feature is sent in the text data of the composite or video signal to thehome system258. With this feature, books or authors are suggested to a subscriber based upon historical data of the subscriber's previous orders, demographics or mood of the subscriber, other indicators, and/or by text word searches.
• In a book suggestion embodiment, text word searches of preview information (such as book cover descriptions, critics reviews and biographies about the author) and/or text of books or other titles are performed by thelibrary unit262 using databases stored in thelibrary memory600. Personalized book or author suggestions are made to the subscriber by obtaining information from the subscriber indicative of general subscriber interests. Subscriber entries are solicited from the subscriber preferably using the electronic book suggestion entries submenu855. The system uses these subscriber entries either directly or indirectly to search for books or authors to suggest to the subscriber.
• Generally, the book suggestion methods may be categorized into two categories, either responsive methods (which respond to a series of subscriber menu entries), or intelligent methods (which analyze data to suggest an electronic book). Using a responsive or intelligent method, thedelivery system200 determines a list of suggested titles or authors and creates a second orthird level submenu856,857 to suggest the titles for subscriber selection.
• Responsive methods of suggesting titles include, for example, the use of mood questions, searching for authors, and keyword searching. Using theinstruction memory732 and menu generation hardware (e.g.,607) of theviewer266, a series of mood questions can be presented on menus to determine a subscribers interest at a particular time. For this methodology, the operations center's250processor404 andinstruction memory416 assign each title mood indicators (and subindicators) from a group such as light, serious, violent, short, long, dull, exciting, complex, easy-read, young theme, old theme, adventure, romance, drama, fiction, science-fiction, etc. These indicators are sent to thehome system258 with the text data and are stored inlibrary memory600. Based upon the subscriber entries, theprocessor404 associates a set of indicators with the subscriber's request and a set of electronic books with matching indicators are located for suggesting to the subscriber.
• Responsive searches for authors or keywords (a search word provided by the subscriber) are generally performed by thelibrary processor628 andinstruction memory632 on data stored in thelibrary memory600. For example, a keyword given by the subscriber may be searched for a match inlibrary memory600 storing the book reviews, critics and previews databases. Thus, if a subscriber provided an entry of the word “submarine” on an appropriate submenu, the title “Hunt For Red October” may be located by thelibrary processor628 using instruction from a routine in theinstruction memory632.
• Intelligent methods of suggesting programs include analyzing personal profile data on the subscriber and/or historical data about the subscriber such as past books ordered by the subscriber (or buy data). This method is preferred in a book on demand system and can be performed at the distribution point oroperations center250 by the on-site processor404 using subscriber databases stored inmemory428. Thehome system258 receives the text data including program suggestion information from the distribution point oroperations center250 and generates the program suggestion submenus855,856,857 using the same text data receiving212 and viewer menu generation hardware (e.g.,607,621) described above. Software routines and algorithms stored in instruction memories (e.g.632,732) are used to analyze historical data and book ordered data to determine a line of books to suggest to the subscriber.
• The algorithms for this powerful feature of suggesting books or authors to subscribers are disclosed in great detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,549, entitled REPROGRAMMABLE TERMINAL FOR SUGGESTING PROGRAMS OFFERED ON A TELEVISION PROGRAM DELIVERY SYSTEM, issued Sep. 24, 1996, and are incorporated herein by reference.
• Referring toFIG. 13,submenus858 are shown on the “Books In Your Library”submenu872 and are preferably broken into shelf numbers with submenus for eachshelf874,876. Thesubmenus858 for the “Books You Can Order”submenu878 is similarly broken out into submenus byshelves880,882. These shelves may each be a category or genre of books. Electronic books may be grouped into categories such as best sellers, novels, fiction, romance, etc. SeeFIG. 14d.
• Referring toFIG. 13, thesubmenu858 for “Your Current Book”884 allows a subscriber to select acurrent book884 and then determine what page to view. This selection is confirmed with a level twosubmenu885. Thehelp submenu887 provides the subscriber with additional help screens888. Thesubmenus858 foravailable features890 are preferably broken out into a sequence of separate submenus for eachfeature891,892.
• Referring toFIG. 13, messages can also be sent with thedelivery system200. A level one message screen provides the subscriber with the ability to select from various messages the subscriber has pending893. Each message is then shown on aseparate submenu screen894,895. The message may contain text and graphics.
• Referring toFIG. 13, account information is shown on a level onesubmenu896 and then follow-onsubmenus858 show the recent orders and youraccount balance897. There is also a level one submenu foroutgoing messages898 which has a follow-on submenu used as aninput screen899.
• In addition to the specific features and submenus described inFIG. 13 andFIG. 14athroughFIG. 14j,many other variations and features are possible. When a book is finally selected for viewing thetitle page886 will appear on the screen followed by a page of text.
III. The Billing And Collection System
• The billing and collection system278 (shown inFIGS. 2 and 3) utilizes the latest technology in electronic transaction and telephone switching to track orders, authorize deliveries, bill consumers, and credit publishers automatically. The telephone calls initiated by thephone connector270 are received by the billing andcollection system278 which responds immediately without human intervention by placing the order and charging the consumers credit card account. Data is compiled periodically andpublishers282 are credited for sales of their books or other text. The billing andcollection system278 may also connect with subscribers through two-way cable connections, cellular, or other communication means.
• In an embodiment, the billing andcollection system278 communicate with theoperations center250 to track changes in available books and to provide statistical data to theoperations center250.
IV. Public Library, School, and Bookstore System
• The electronic book system can be modified to be used at public libraries, schools and bookstores.FIG. 15 shows one possible arrangement of components for a public library, school or bookstore location. The main unit at a public library, school or bookstore is thefile server900. Thefile server900 is a large electronic memory unit that can store thousands of electronic books. Various electronic storage means may be used in the file servers, such as hard disks, read-write CD ROMs and read-only CD ROMs.
• The system comprises five components; thefile server900, a converter orvideo connector904, acontroller908, aviewer912, and acatalog printer916. The software for controlling the system is primarily located in thecontroller908. The converter orvideo connector904 is similar to those described above. In this configuration thecontroller unit908 monitors the data being transferred to thefile server900 by theconverter904. Thecontroller908 is preferably provided with a viewing screen and several control buttons. When it is necessary to have a larger screen to perform more sophisticated controlling of the system aviewer266 may be connected to thecontroller908 and the viewer screen and controls740 may be used.
• Thecontroller908 is only able to download books topublic viewers912 which are authorized to receive books from theparticular file server900. For security reasons it is not desirable that thepublic viewer912 have access to more than onefile server900. In this way, security can be maintained over the text data for books. It is preferred that thepublic viewer912 be limited to receiving one or two electronic books at a time from thecontroller908. When the subscriber of thepublic viewer912 needs a new or additional electronic book, the subscriber returns theviewer912 to the school or public library where the subscriber receives a new electronic book from thecontroller908.
• In order to track the electronic books that are available on thefile server900, the titles of the available books may be printed on acatalog printer916. Thecatalog printer916 is connected to thelibrary controller908 and the titles of the electronic books are downloaded to thecatalog printer916. None of the coded text for any of the electronic books can be printed using thecontroller908 andcatalog printer916 of this system. In order to maintain security over the data, none of the electronic book data is allowed to be downloaded to theprinter916. Once a complete printout of available electronic book titles, magazines, or other textual material is complete, a hard copy of thecatalog920 can be maintained at thefile server900.
• The system shown may also be used at bookstores. The bookstores can rent thepublic viewer912 to customers with the text for one or two electronic books loaded onto thepublic viewer912. Thepublic viewer912 may be provided with an automatic timeout sequence. The timeout sequence would erase the textual data for the books after a certain period of time, for example, two weeks. It is expected that after a period of time (perhaps within two weeks) the renter would return thepublic viewer912 to the bookstore and receive additional electronic books for viewing. Using this arrangement, it is also possible for the bookstore to (permanently) sell aviewer912 to a regular customer. The customer then returns to the bookstore from time to time to receive textual data for an electronic book which the customer can then store permanently on the customer'sown viewer912. Various other configurations are possible for bookstores, schools and public libraries using thefile server900 andpublic viewer912 described.
V. Use of a Set Top Converter
• Existing set top converters such as those made by Scientific Atlanta or General Instruments are presently unequipped to handle thedelivery system200 of the present invention. Although set top converters may be built which include the library functions, hardware modifications are necessary in order to use thedelivery system200 with existing set top converter technology.
• FIGS. 16aand16bare examples of hardware modifications or upgrades. A port is used to attach hardware upgrades described below to a set top terminal. Two upgrades are possible to settop converters601 to assist in receiving and selecting electronic books. A menu generation card upgrade (FIG. 16a) and an information download unit (FIG. 16b). Each of these upgrades may be connected to the set top terminal unit through an upgrade port. A four wire cable, ribbon cable, IEEE 1394 firewire interface, USB interface, or the like may be used to connect the upgrade to the settop converter601.
• Acard addition950 to aset top converter601 is depicted inFIG. 16a.Thecard950 shown provides the additional functionality needed to utilize the book selection system with existing settop converter601 technology. Thecard950 may be configured to slip inside the frame of a set top terminal and become part of the set top terminal, an advanced set top terminal. The primary functions thecard950 adds to the settop converter601 are the interpreting of data signals, generating of menus, sequencing of menus, and, ultimately, the ability of the subscriber to select an electronic book using either the television or aviewer266. Thecard950 also provides a method for a remote location, such as the cable headend, to receive information on electronic books ordered. The electronic books ordered information and control commands may be passed from the cable headend to thecard950 using telephone lines.
• The primary components of thecard950 are aPC chip CPU952, a VGAgraphic controller954, avideo combiner956,logic circuitry958,NTSC encoder960, areceiver962, demodulator (not shown), and adialer611′. Thecard950 operates by receiving the data text signal from the cable headend through the coaxial cable. Thelogic circuitry958 of thecard950 receivesdata964,infrared commands966, and synchronization signals (not shown) from the settop converter601. Menu selections made by theviewer266 on the remote control are received by the set top converter's601 IR equipment and passed through to thecard950. Thecard950 interprets the IR signal and determines the electronic book (or menu) the subscriber has selected. Thecard950 modifies the IR command to send the information to the settop converter601. The modified IR command contains the channel information needed by the settop converter601. Using thephone line968 anddialer611′, thecard950 is able to transmit electronic books ordered information to the cable headend. It is also possible to receive the electronic books over the telephone lines and by-pass the video distribution system. In this embodiment, the telephone system may be used to provide access to an Internet web site to order and receive electronic books.
• These commands are passed through the interface linking the set top terminal's microprocessor with the microprocessor of the hardware upgrades. In this way, subscriber inputs, entered through the set top terminal keypad or remote control, can be transferred to any of the hardware upgrades for processing and responses generated therein can then be sent back to the set top terminal for display. In a preferred embodiment the IR commands966 are transferred from settop terminal601 to hardware upgrade.
• Hardware upgrades may include a microprocessor, interactive software, processing circuitry, bubble memory, and a long-term memory device. In addition to these basic components, the hardware upgrade may make use of an additional telephone modem or CD-ROM device.
• The information download hardware upgrade1001 (shown inFIG. 16b) allows the subscriber to download large volumes of information from theoperations center250 or cable headend using the settop converter601. Thehardware upgrade1001 will enable subscribers to download data, such as electronic books and magazines, to local storage. Primarily, thehardware upgrade1001 is an additional local storage unit1003 (e.g., hard disk, floppy, optical disk or magnetic cartridge and may include amicroprocessor1005,instruction memory1007, and arandom access memory1009, as shown inFIG. 16b). Preferably, a smallportable viewer266 is also provided with theupgrade1001 to enable downloaded text to be read without the use of a TV.
• The downloadable information may be text or graphics supplied by theoperations center250 or cable headend. With this upgrade, electronic books may be downloaded and read anywhere with theportable viewer266. Using this upgrade, books may be downloaded and stored in compressed form for later decompression. The electronic books would be decompressed only at the time of viewing. Important text that the public desires immediate access may made available through this system. Text such as the President's speech, a new law, or a recent abortion decision rendered by the Supreme Court may be made immediately available.
• In an embodiment, electronic book ordering information is stored at each set top terminal until it is polled by the cable headend using a polling request message format. An example of a polling request message format consists of six fields, namely: (1) a leading flag at the beginning of the message, (2) an address field, (3) a subscriber region designation, (4) a set top terminal identifier that includes a polling command/response (or P/F) bit, (5) an information field, and (6) a trailing flag at the end of the message. A similar response frame format for information communicated by the set top terminal to the cable headend in response to the polling request may be used.
• FIG. 17 shows a preferred set top converter that includes adata receiver617′ and adata transmitter1011. The data transmitter provides upstream data communications capability between the settop converter601 and the cable headend. Upstream data transmissions are accomplished using the polling system described and, using adata transmitter1011. Bothreceiver617′ andtransmitter1011 may be built into the settop converter601 itself or added through an upgrade module. Regardless of the specific hardware configuration, the set top terminal's data transmission capabilities may be accomplished using the hardware shown inFIG. 17.
• FIG. 17 shows RF signals, depicted as being received by adata receiver617′ andtuner613 working in unison. Both of these devices are interfaced with themicroprocessor1013, which receivesinputs1015, from the subscriber, either through a set top converter's keypad, a remote control unit or theviewer266. All cable signals intended for reception on the subscriber's TV are accessed by thetuner613 and subsequently processed by theprocessing circuitry1017. Thisprocessing circuitry1017 typically includes additional components (not shown) for descrambling, demodulation, volume control and remodulation on aChannel 3 or 4 TV carrier.
• Data targeted to individual set top converters is received by thedata receiver617′ according to each set top converter's specific address or ID. In this way, each addressable set top converter only receives its own data. Thedata receiver617′ may receive settop converter601 specific data in the information field of the signal frame described or on a separate data carrier located at a convenient frequency in the incoming spectrum.
• The received data includes information regarding electronic books and menus available for selection. The subscriber may enter a series ofcommands1015 using a keypad or remote control in order to choose an electronic book or menu. Upon receipt of such commands, themicroprocessor1013 instructs the tuner to tune to the proper frequency of the channel carrying data and subsequently instructs theprocessing circuitry1017 to begin descrambling of this data.
• Upon selection of the electronic book, themicroprocessor1013 stores any selection information in local memory (not shown) for later data transmission back to the cable headend. Themicroprocessor1013 coordinates all CATV signal reception and also interacts with various upstream data transmission components. Typically, thedata transmitter1011 operates in the return frequency band between 5 and 30 MHZ. In an alternative embodiment, the frequency band of 10 to 15 MHZ may be used. Regardless, however, of the frequency band used, thedata transmitter1011 sends information to the cable headend in the information field of the response frame described. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a number of variations and combinations of the above-described set top terminal hardware components may be used to accomplish upstream data transmissions.
VI. Books-On-Demand System
• Theelectronic book system200 described may also be configured in a book-on-demand style.FIG. 18ashows one example of a configuration for a books-on-demand system. A books-on-demand system requires more powerful two-way communications between the consumer's home, bookstore, school or public library and either theoperations center250 or adistribution site1020 such as the cable headend. This type of two-way communication can be provided by the hardware shown inFIG. 17 and described above.
• Referring toFIG. 18a,in a books-on-demand system, the subscriber selects the electronic book to be download from an available menu of electronic books (see for exampleFIGS. 14dand14e). The data for menus of available books is usually sent to the subscriber location by thedistribution site1020. After the subscriber's menu selection, information about the subscriber selection (or request) is then communicated to either a distribution point1020 (such as a cable headend or an Internet web site) or theoperations center250. Upon receipt of this request, the needed textual and graphical information for the book is spooled and sent to the subscriber. In this manner, books are only sent when requested by the subscriber and are sent immediately upon demand for the book (or text).
• In order to support such a books-on-demand system, the text delivery and distribution must be conducted on a strong nodal architectured distribution system, such as, a video-on-demand cable or telephone television system, an Internet web site, or through use of individual telephone access on the public telephone system.
• The books-on-demand system allows for a greater selection of electronic books to the subscriber and limits the amount of communicated book data that is unnecessary or unneeded. It also provides the electronic book to the subscriber in a much timelier fashion.
• In addition to a stronger distribution system, a books-on-demand system requires adistribution point1020 to have more sophisticated equipment to access and “spool out”the textual information. This can be accomplished usingfile server technology1024 for storing the electronic books andATM1028 or telephone-type switching (not shown) to distribute the textual information. Thefile server1024 and distribution technology that can be used in configuring such a books-on-demand system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,875 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,218,695, cited above.
• FIG. 18ashows an embodiment for a books-on-demand system that utilizes file server technology. In addition to electronic books, the embodiment ofFIG. 18awill support distribution of nearly any digital data. Electronic books or textual files are received frompublishers282 and other sources throughlocal feeds1032,ATM1028, or bysatellite dish1036. The data is then stored inmemory1040 at thefile server1024. Thedistribution point1020 may be a cable headend that receives requests from subscribers and delivers text to subscribers over a two-way communication system (such as a video-on-demand system (VOD)1044). Alternately, an Internet web site may serve as thedistribution point1020.
• Thelibrary unit262 can be connected to either a basic premium-typeservice cable system1048, a near video-on-demand type cable system (or pay-per-view (PPV)1052) or a video-on-demand cable system1044. In connecting with either of these three systems thelibrary unit262 may access the cable directly or may access the system through a settop terminal601′,601″, or601′″.
• Using the two-way video-on-demand system1044, a subscriber is able to request a specific electronic book title and receive that text immediately following its request. To accomplish this, thedistribution point1020 transmits a list of available electronic books through the cable delivery system to thelibrary unit262. Thelibrary unit262 displays the list of available electronic books on a menu or similar format. As described earlier, it is preferred that thelibrary unit262 use menus which list categories of available electronic books to form its request from thedistribution point1020. After selecting an electronic book, thelibrary unit262 sends a request signal on the two-way communication system1044 back to thedistribution point1020. This request signal can be handled in two ways. Thelibrary unit262 either initiates the request or thedistribution point1020 polls the various libraries on to the two-way system1044. Upon receiving the request for the electronic book title, the text associated with that book title is transmitted to thelibrary unit262 using the two-way cable system1044.
• FIG. 18bis an expanded view of apreferred operations center250 that supports a regional or national books-on-demand system. In fact, theoperations center250 shown supports distribution of nearly any digital data. Theoperations center250 supports multiple feeds to receive digital information bytape1060,1060′,ATM1028, orsatellite1036. The information is processed through aninput MUX1064 and asmall file server1068 before reaching themaster file server1072. Digital data such as electronic books received frompublishers282 is then stored on themaster file server1072. It is preferred that the digital data is stored compressed in a standard format such as MPEG2.
• Asystem controller1076 provides control over the regional or national books-on-demand system. Electronic books may be packaged into groups to provide feeds to various cable headends. In addition, scheduling and marketing research are conducted at theoperations center250. In order to handle the scheduling and market research, electronic book buy data is received at theoperations center250 through amultiplexer1082. Electronic book buy information can be provided by theoperation center250 to the billing andcollection system278.
• Theoperations center250 is also equipped to insert messages or advertisements into the file server. These messages or advertisements will eventually be received by the subscribers.
• Themaster file server1072 uses anoutput multiplexer1080 andATM1028 as well as satellite connections to distribute digital data. In a preferred embodiment, cable headends receive text data on electronic books from themaster file server1080 through theoutput multiplexer1028 and anATM system1028. After receiving the electronic book data, the cable headends store the books in alocal file server1024.FIG. 18a'sdistribution point1020 is an example of a cable headend which may receive data from theoperations center250 ofFIG. 18bthrough anATM hookup1088 or satellite hookup.
VII. Information Manipulation Features for Electronic Books
• An electronic book may include various features for manipulating text or other information within it. As discussed below, those features include highlighting, copying and pasting, cutting and pasting, and annotating information. Other features include simultaneously displaying multiple pages selected by a subscriber, displaying one or more pages on a viewer having multiple screens, rotating images and sizing images.
• FIG. 19 is a flow chart of aninformation manipulation process901 for highlighting, cutting and pasting, copying and pasting, and annotating text or other information in an electronic book. Theinformation manipulation process901 may be implemented within theviewer266, thelibrary262, or a combination. For example, theimage manipulation process901 may be implemented by software modules residing within theinstruction memory unit632 for execution by thelibrary processor628 or within theinstruction memory732 for execution by theviewer processor621, or a combination. Within theinformation manipulation process901, the display page module orprocess801 provides for displaying a page on theviewer266. The page display may be accomplished using the process shown inFIG. 12 in which the subscriber selects a particular electronic book for viewing. The description that follows assumes theviewer processor621 performs all software module execution steps.
• In theselect text process803, a subscriber selects text or other information, which may be accomplished by usingcontrols740 to manipulate the curser to select a portion of text. In particular, the subscriber may select displayed text or other information by moving the cursor across the information to be selected using atrackball743 while depressing a selection button745 (seeFIG. 11). Other types of selection are possible, such as using a touch-sensitive screen and permitting the subscriber to select information by touching the appropriate part of the screen, or using other types of cursor-control devices, including peripheral devices, and selection buttons to manipulate a cursor over information to be selected.
• Theviewer266 may provide an indication of the selected text or other information by showing the text or other information shaded, showing the text in an alternate color, or using another type of indicator. If the subscriber selects acommand process805, such as a highlight command, ahighlight decision process815 is executed and theprocessor621 determines if the subscriber has requested any particular type of highlighting. The term highlighting refers to providing an indication of text or other displayed information in order to distinguish the highlighted text from other displayed information. If the subscriber has selected a highlighting option using theprocess817, theprocessor621 alters the selected information to highlight the information according to the subscriber-entered option. Otherwise, theprocessor621, using adefault process819, alters the selected information to highlight it according to a default option. The highlighted information is then stored and displayed by theprocessor621 using astore process821.
• If the subscriber entered a copy command, theprocessor621, using acopy process807, copies and stores the selected information as identified by the subscriber during theselect text process803. If the subscriber entered a cut command, theprocessor621 executes aremove process809 and removes and stores the selected information. Upon receiving a paste command, as determined during execution of apaste process811, theprocessor621, using aninsert process813, inserts the stored information, typically at a location of the cursor, and displays and stores the changes.
• If the subscriber entered an annotate command, theprocessor621, usingtext process823, permits the subscriber to enter a text or other annotation. An annotation may include, for example, text, graphical information, still images, video clips, multi-media information or an electronic link identifier. A subscriber may indicate a location to enter an annotation by, for example, using the controls740 (seeFIG. 14a) to select text or other information to annotate under control of theprocessor621 executing theselect text process803. Alternatively, the subscriber, usingcontrols740 to position the cursor, may create an annotation under control of theprocessor621 using the subscriberposition cursor process881.
• Using aninsert process825, theprocessor621 inserts the annotation, and displays and stores the changes. The annotation is typically inserted at a location of the cursor identified using thepositions cursor process881, or proximate to the selected information identified using theselect text process803, so that the subscriber may choose where to enter the annotation within a particular displayed page of the electronic book. The subscriber may alternatively move a location of the annotation elsewhere within the page by using thecontrols740 to select the annotation and move the annotation to a new location. The subscriber can cut, copy, and paste the annotation. Using a reposition process826, theprocessor621 repositions the annotation, if moved by the subscriber.
• Using a receive anothercommand process827, theprocessor621 determines if the subscriber has entered another command. If the subscriber has entered another command, the process repeats. In addition, if the subscriber selected information to annotate, theprocessor621 may indicate the selected information along with the annotation by, for example, highlighting the selected information or displaying the selected information within a box or other type of border.
• FIGS. 20-22 are examples of text screens illustrating use of the commands in theinformation manipulation process901.FIG. 20 is an example of atext screen1200 on theviewer266 displaying highlightedtext1201. In an embodiment, thetext screen1200 includes atask bar1214 having a number of sections1215-1227 and1231 for selecting particular commands. The term section (1215-1227 and1231) refers to a definable portion of the screen, and the phrase task bar (1214) refers to a collection of sections for permitting selection of various commands. For instance, a subscriber may select a highlight command by manipulating thecontrols740 to select thehighlight section1215 using the cursor or by using a particular key stroke. A subscriber also may select amenu section1231 intask bar1214 in order to view menus on theviewer266, such as the menus identified inFIG. 13, and then may select an electronic book for viewing from the menus. The act of selecting a section may involve, for example, positioning the cursor or a pointer over the section using thetrackball743 and depressing theselection button745 to “click on” the section. Other cursor-control devices, including peripheral devices, may be used to select a section.
• In this example, highlightedtext1201 is shown as shaded. Other types of highlighting may be used such as, for example, illustrating the text or other displayed information in a different color, in a box, in a different font, in bold, in italics, underlined, or in reverse video. In addition, the subscriber may highlight other types of information in addition to text. Theviewer266 may present highlighting options by presenting a section with options when the subscriber selects thehighlight section1215. Alternatively, theviewer266 may include a screen for setting various display and other controls, which may include a section for setting highlighting options. In addition, although thetask bar1214 includes the sections1215-1227 and1231 in contiguous horizontal form, the sections of thetask bar1214 may be displayed vertically on the left or right margin, scattered among the screen, or in some other geometric representation.
• Typical cut, copy, and paste commands are illustrated by atext screen1202 shown inFIG. 21. A subscriber may select cut, copy, and paste commands by manipulating the controls740 (thetrackball743 and the selection button745) to select, respectively,sections1216,1217, and1218 using the cursor, or by using particular key strokes. Thetext screen1202, which may be displayed on theviewer266, corresponds to thetext screen1200 shown inFIG. 20. In this example, the highlightedtext1201 has been cut, copied, and pasted. In particular, the first sentence in highlightedtext1201 has been cut and pasted atlocation1203. The second sentence in highlightedtext1201 has been copied and pasted atlocation1204. Although these commands are illustrated with text, they may apply to other information such as, for example, graphical information, still images, or video clips. Although the example inFIG. 21 is shown as cutting and pasting, and copying and pasting, text within one electronic book, theviewer266 typically may cut and paste, and copy and paste, text or other information between two or more electronic books, or between electronic books and other data sources such as word processing programs. When text is added or deleted from an electronic book, the electronic book typically automatically repaginates.
• FIG. 22 is an example of an annotated screen1205 on theviewer266 displaying anannotation1206 within the text. The subscriber may select an annotate command by manipulating the controls740 (thetrackball743 and the selection button745) to select anannotate section1219 using the cursor or by using a particular key stroke. Upon selection of theannotate section1219, theviewer266 may presentsection1206 at a location of the cursor and permit the subscriber to enter text or other information intosection1206. The annotation may include text, graphical information, still photos, video clips, or multimedia information. The information may include subscriber-entered information, default information provided by theviewer266, or a combination. The annotation may be displayed, for example, in a box, highlighted, or as codes or symbols. The annotation may cover the text beneath it, or the text beneath the annotation may scroll around the annotation. Text for annotation may be created using the remote wiredkeyboard267 orwireless keyboard268 shown inFIG. 6a.Text may also be created using a soft keyboard displayed on theviewer266. The soft keyboard may be displayed during the annotation step and may be hidden at other times.
• FIG. 23 is a flow chart of amultiple display process903 for displaying multiple pages. Theprocess903 may be implemented within theviewer266, thelibrary262, or a combination. For example, theprocess903 may be implemented by software modules residing within theinstruction memory unit632 for execution by thelibrary processor628 or within theinstruction memory732 for execution by theviewer processor621, or a combination. Theprocess903 may be used by the subscriber to view a plurality of pages within an electronic book. For example, instead of viewing consecutive pages, as typically presented on theviewer266, the subscriber may wish to view non-consecutive pages, such as those having related information. Therefore, theviewer266 may display, for example, on a split screen, two or more pages selected by the subscriber.
• In themultiple display process903, theprocessor621, executing a display page module orprocess829, displays a page. Using arequest process831, theprocessor621 receives a multiple page view request. A receiveprocess833 is used by theprocessor621 to receive a selection of pages. In response, using adisplay process835, theprocessor621 retrieves, formats, and displays the selected pages of the electronic book. Formatting may involve reducing the size of the pages and appending them together to display as one image on theviewer266. Adecision process837 determines if additional pages are selected. If so, thedisplay process835 again retrieves and displays the newly selected pages.
• FIG. 24 is an example illustrating how twopages1229 and1230 may be displayed simultaneously on theviewer266 within one split-screen1228. The subscriber may select multiple page view by manipulating the controls740 (thetrackball743 and the selection button745) to select amulti-page section1220 in thetask bar1214, and the subscriber may enter pages to view within apage section1221 of thetask bar1214. In addition, the subscriber may select pages from different electronic books for simultaneous viewing by selecting themenu section1231 to select another electronic book or other information source and, if necessary, select a page by entering a page or pages in thepage section1221.
• Therefore, the subscriber may select which particular pages among any of the pages in the electronic book are to be displayed on theviewer266. Although the pages are shown displayed as a side-by-side image, the pages may be displayed vertically. In addition, although only two pages are shown displayed, theviewer266 may format varying number of pages to be displayed. For example, theviewer266 may receive a selection of four pages and display the four pages in four equally sized sections of theviewer266. In addition, theviewer266 may display the page numbers along with the page content. Although only text is shown, pages may contain other types of information such as, for example, graphical, video, or multimedia information. When multiple pages are displayed, information contained on each of the multiple pages may be manipulated as described herein. For example, if four pages from an electronic book are displayed simultaneously, the subscriber may elect to manipulate information on the third page. To do so, the subscriber may operate the controls740 (thetrackball743 and the selection button745) to select the third page and to then manipulate information on, or associated with, the third page. For example, the subscriber may select a paragraph of text in the third page, copy the text, and then scroll or drag the copied text to the first page of the four displayed pages.
• FIG. 25 is a flow chart of a multiplescreen display process905 for displaying pages on an electronic book viewer having multiple screens. Theprocess905 may be implemented within theviewer266, thelibrary262, or a combination. For example, theprocess905 may be implemented by software modules residing within theinstruction memory unit632 for execution by thelibrary processor628 or within theinstruction memory732 for execution by theviewer processor621, or a combination. Displaying images on multiple screens involves formatting one or more pages to be displayed on a number of associated screens. For example, as shown inFIG. 26a,anelectronic book viewer266′ may include three screens,1211,1212, and1213. The screens may be connected in a variety of positions, such as horizontally, vertically, T-shape, rectangular, square, or some other geometric configuration.
• Thescreens1211,1212, and1213 may be physically connected byhinges1241 and1242, including electrical connections between screens for transmitting electronic book content and commands. As another example, as shown inFIG. 26b,aviewer266″ may include threescreens1211′,1212′, and1213′ that snap together, or become otherwise joined together, by physical and electrical connectors, as represented byarrows1243 and1244. The subscriber may select a multiple screen view by manipulating the controls740 (thetrackball743 and the selection button745) to select amulti-screen section1222 in thetask bar1214, as shown inFIG. 24, or by using a particular key stroke, and the subscriber may enter pages to view within thepage section1221 of thetask bar1214. At least one of the screens1211-1213 and1211′-1213′ may include thetask bar1214 for selecting a command and entering pages.
• Referring toFIG. 25, in the multiplescreen display process905, theprocessor621, executing a display page module orprocess839, displays a page. Next, using arequest process841, theprocessor621 receives a request for display on multiple screens. Using a receiveprocess843, theprocessor621 receives selected pages, which the subscriber may specify by manipulating thecontrols740. Next, in adetermination process859, theprocessor621 determines a number of screens in theviewer266, which may be accomplished by electronically interrogating the connections between screens to determine how many screens are interconnected.
• Theprocessor621 next uses aformat process845 to format the page or pages for display on the multiple screens. Using theformat process845, theprocessor621 determines the number of pages for display and compares that number with the number of screens available for displaying the page or pages. If only one page was selected, theprocessor621 uses afirst format process847 to format the selected page for display across all screens in theviewer266. If the number of selected pages is less than the number of screens, theprocessor621 uses asecond format process849 to format the selected pages for display. One method of formatting is to equally distribute the selected pages across the screens, which involves resizing and scaling up or scaling down the pages for display among the available screens. If the number of selected pages equals the number of screens, theprocessor621 uses athird format process851 to format the selected pages to display one page per screen. If the number of selected pages is greater than the number of screens, theprocessor621 uses afourth format process853 to format the selected pages to display them equally distributed across the screens, which involves resizing and reducing the pages to fit among the screens.
• Theprocessor621 uses known techniques for sizing a page to fit an available screen. For example, theprocessor621 may apply sub-sampling routines to create a thumbnail image of a page, and then may display the thumbnail image in a reduced size window on a screen. For example, an electronic atlas may include many full page maps. A select number of the maps may be displayed on the viewer screen by first creating thumbnail images, and then arranging their display on the viewer screen. In this way, several full page images may be viewed and compared in a convenient manner. For example, nine full page maps from the electronic atlas may be displayed simultaneously on the viewer screen. Digital data compression techniques for images (including text and images) are well known and need not be repeated here. For example,Data Compression In Digital System, by Ray Hoffman, (Chapman & Hall, 1977), the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference, describes such data compression techniques.
• An image displayed on theviewer266 may be scaled down by dropping, or decimating, rows and columns of pixels within the image. Alternatively, each pixel in the reduced-size image may be created by averaging neighboring pixels in the original image.
• To make an image larger, the existing pixels in the original image may be replicated in two dimensions. However, such a scaled-up image is likely to be “blocky.” To avoid the blocky appearance, each pixel in the scaled-up image is created by applying a color smoothing or dithering algorithm to pixels in the original image.
• The scaling up and down may be performed with text and graphic images, and with still (for example, JPEG) and moving (for example, MPEG 2) images. These and other techniques may be used to display multiple images on a single screen, multiple images on multiple screens and multiple images on multiple screens.
• Once the selected pages have been resized, theprocessor621, using adisplay process855, sends the formatted page or pages to the viewer screen(s) for display. Then, using display process883, theprocessor621 displays the formatted page or pages on the multiple screens of theviewer266. Theprocessor621uses decision process856 to determine the number of screens changes. This may occur by the subscriber adding additional screens to theviewer266 or removing screens from theviewer266, if theviewer266 contains removable screens or the capability to deactivate particular screens. If this occurs, theprocessor621 returns to thedetermination process859 to determine the number of screens and then formats the page or pages accordingly. Otherwise, theprocessor621 determines if additional pages are selected usingdecision process857.
• FIGS. 26c,26d,and26e,in which each box represents one screen, illustrate the display of a page or pages on multiple screens. If asingle image1245 represents one page,FIG. 26dillustrates enlargement of the page to display the page as afirst image1246 and asecond image1247.FIG. 26eillustrates enlargement of the page to display the page as afirst image1248, asecond image1249, athird image1250, and afourth image1251. In comparison, if thefirst image1248, thesecond image1249, thethird image1250, and thefourth image1251 together represent one page,FIG. 26dillustrates reduction of the pages to display the pages as thefirst image1246 and thesecond image1247, andFIG. 26crepresents reduction of the pages to display the pages as thesingle image1245. If thefirst image1248, thesecond image1249, thethird image1250, and thefourth image1251 each represent one page,FIG. 26eillustrates display of one page per screen, alternatively,FIG. 26eshows an enlargement of a single page to four screens.
VIII. Picture-in-Picture Feature for Electronic Books
• Picture-in-picture viewing permits the subscriber to simultaneously display on theviewer266, pages or portions of two different electronic books, or content from an electronic book and another information source, such as video or multimedia information. The electronic book for viewing may be selected from electronic books stored in theviewer266 or an associatedlibrary viewer262, or may be obtained from a received signal. The other information source, when used, may be received using an electronic or electromagnetic signal such as a television signal, video signal, cable television signal, or wireline or wireless telephone or data source signal. For example, while viewing an electronic book the subscriber may want to simultaneously view a television program or a particular video.
• When electronic content is obtained from memory, a system for picture-in-picture viewing formats the two or more electronic books, or electronic books and other electronic information, for simultaneous display. When electronic content is obtained from a received signal, theviewer266 performs necessary decoding or other processing for simultaneously displaying a page of an electronic book along with the other electronic information.
• a. Picture-in-Picture Process
• FIG. 27 is a flow chart of a picture-in-picture viewing process907 for picture-in-picture viewing of electronic books and other electronic information. Theprocess907 may be implemented within theviewer266, thelibrary262, or a combination. For example, theprocess907 may be implemented by software modules residing within theinstruction memory unit632 for execution by thelibrary processor628 or within theinstruction memory732 for execution by theviewer processor621, or a combination. In the picture-in-picture viewing process907, theviewer266, using a display page module orprocess863, displays a page of a first electronic book. Using the receiverequest process865, theprocessor621 receives a request for picture-in-picture viewing from the subscriber along with an identification of a second information source, such as a second electronic book, a television signal, a video signal, still photos, content from the Internet, electronic book electronic links, or multi-media information. Using adecision process867, theprocessor621 determines if the subscriber entered a request for a particular type of picture-in-picture viewing format, which may include, for example, use of an inset image or side-by-side images. If the subscriber did not enter a particular type of picture-in-picture viewing format, theprocessor621 uses adefault process873 to format the first electronic book and content from the second information source for picture-in-picture viewing according to a particular default format setting.
• Otherwise, thelibrary262 or theviewer266 formats the first electronic book and the content from the second information source according to the subscriber-entered option. In particular, if the subscriber requested an inset image, theprocessor621, using aninset image process869, formats the first electronic book and the content from the second information source for displaying content from the second information source as an inset image within the first displayed electronic book. Using a repositionprocess909, theprocessor621 then repositions the inset image and reformats the first electronic book, if the inset image is moved by the subscriber. If the subscriber requested side-by-side images, theprocessor621 uses asplit screen process871 to format the first electronic book and content from the second information source for display as side-by-side images. After displaying the picture-in-picture images, each display functions independently, permitting the subscriber to advance pages in the first electronic book, for example, by selecting the displayed image of the first electronic book. Using reverseimages decision process875, theprocessor621 determines if the subscriber entered a request to reverse the displayed images. If so, theprocessor621 executes areverse format process877 to reverse the display. Theprocessor621 then uses adecision process879 to determine if the subscriber entered a request for different viewing. If the subscriber entered a different viewing request, theprocessor621 returns to thedecision process867. Various multimedia experiences, programs, and displays may be created using two or more images.
• FIGS. 28a,28b,28c,and28dare examples of displays for picture-in-picture viewing. In the display ofFIG. 28a,a portion of a first electronic book is displayed as amain image1207, and a portion of a second electronic book is displayed as aninset image1208. In the display ofFIG. 28b,side-by-side images display a portion of a firstelectronic book1209 adjacent a portion of a secondelectronic book1210. In the display ofFIG. 28c,a portion of a first electronic book is displayed as amain image1207′, and content from a second information source, such as a television or video signal, is displayed as aninset image1208′. In the display ofFIG. 28d,side-by-side images display a portion of a firstelectronic book1209′ adjacent tocontent1210′ from a second information source such as a television or video signal.
• As shown inFIGS. 28aand28c,theviewer266 typically formats thecontent1207 and1207′ from the electronic book so that thecontent1207 and1207′ wraps around theinset images1208 and1208′, respectively, in order to display a portion of thecontent1207 and1207′ that would otherwise be concealed byinset images1208 and1208′. In this manner, content from the electronic book is not obstructed because the inset image does not overlay the main image. This is particularly well-suited for text. In addition, if the subscriber moves a location of theinset image1208 or1208′, theprocessor621 uses the repositionprocess909 to reformat thecontent1207 and1207′ to display the portion concealed by the new location of theinset image1208 or1208′, respectfully.
• In an alternative embodiment, themain image1207 and1207′ may be formatted so that theinset images1208 and1208′, respectively, overlay and obstruct the portion of the main image at the location of the inset images. If themain image1207 or1207′ is a television or video signal, then theviewer266 typically overlays theinset image1208 or1208′ to avoid distortion of the main image as may occur with wrapping the main image around an inset image. In addition, the subscriber may typically position the inset image anywhere within the main image by using the cursor and thecontrols740 to select and move the inset image to a new location. The size of the inset image may also be changed.
• The subscriber may select picture-in-picture viewing by manipulating the controls740 (thetrackball743 and the selection button745) to select ap-i-p section1223 in thetask bar1214, or by using a particular key stroke. In order to display an inset image, as shown inFIG. 28a,the subscriber may select aninset section1225. To display the electronic books as side-by-side images, as shown inFIG. 28b,the subscriber may select asplit section1224. The subscriber may switch between the inset view and the split image view by selecting thesplit section1224 and theinset section1225 for the desired view. The subscriber may reverse or swap the displayed images by selecting aswap section1226 in thetask bar1214. Upon selecting theswap section1226, theviewer266 switches positions of the images. By selecting anormal view section1227, the subscriber may exit the picture-in-picture mode and return to normal viewing, in which case themain image1207 or leftimage1209 becomes the sole displayed image, for example. The subscriber may select the first and second electronic books, or the first electronic book and the second information source, for viewing by selecting themenu section1231 on thetask bar1214 and selecting particular electronic books or other information sources from the displayed menu.
• b. Picture-in-Picture Tuning: Electronic Book and an Information Source
• Theviewer266 or thehome system258 may be used to provide picture-in-picture capability with one or more signals coming from an information source or a component that is external to thehome system258.FIG. 29ashows an embodiment of thehome system258 that is intended to display multiple images in a picture-in-picture format. InFIG. 29a,thehome system258 comprises a single unit, namely theviewer266. Theviewer266 includes thedigital logic609, themicroprocessor621, thememory607, and theLCD602. The functions of these components have been described previously. Also included in theviewer266 is a data connector/converter617′. Thedata converter617′ includes the functions of thetuner613,data stripper617,modem611 andRF transceiver604 described in connection withFIG. 6b.Thedata converter617′ receives data signals from wired or wireless communications paths and passes the signals to thedigital logic609 for processing and display on theLCD602. Thedata converter617′ may for example receive signals from awireless keyboard268, atelephone275, apersonal computer261, avideo camera273, atelevision259 or aset top terminal601. As shown inFIG. 29a,all of these components may communicate with theviewer266 using either wired or wireless communication paths. Theviewer266 may also receive data signals from theInternet web site279. Data signals from theInternet web site279 may be received directly from the Internet or by using thepersonal computer261, for example. Thedata converter617′ receives the data signals from one or more of the multiple sources shown inFIG. 29aand converts the signal into an appropriate format for display on theLCD602. The received signal may be displayed as text, a JPEG image, or an MPEG image, for example. Thedata converter617′ may also receive audio and output the audio to aspeaker608. Alternately, the audio may be converted to text and displayed on theLCD602. Text information displayed on thepersonal computer261, using for example a word processing program, may be sent to thedata converter617′ and displayed as text on theLCD602. Television signals received at either the settop terminal601 or thetelevision259 may be displayed as video signals on theLCD602. Thevideo camera273 may provide a live video feed to theviewer266 for display on theLCD602. Commands or text typed in using thekeyboard268 may be displayed on theLCD602. Finally, web pages such as a web page available at theweb site279 may be displayed on theLCD602. Thememory607 may store programs and menus to allow the subscriber to select which of the multiple information sources will provide a display on theviewer266. For example, the subscriber may decide to display an electronic book on theviewer266 and concurrently to display in a window on theLCD602, a live feed from thevideo camera273, and in another window on theLCD602, a broadcast television program being received by thetelevision259, for example.
• FIG. 29bshows an example of the multiple information sources being displayed on theviewer266. InFIG. 29bthemenu bar1214 shows themenu selection1231 and thep-i-p selection1223. The subscriber has elected to use the p-i-p function and the menu bar therefore displays four window options1244-1247. InFIG. 29bthe subscriber has elected to play the text from an electronic book using window one1244, a television show using window two1245 and a video feed from a video camera using window three1246. Window four1247 is not used. The result is shown as the text in a full width,upper window1207″ television show in a split withlower window1240 and a video feed in asecond split window1241.
• There are many practical uses for the multiple screen, split screen and picture-in-picture features of theviewer266. Examples of uses of these features include, but are not limited to, the following.
• For example, while in the garage working on a vehicle the subscriber can use theviewer266 to help make a repair easier. The subscriber can use part of theLCD602 to display the instructions to make the necessary repair on the automobile, can also display schematics, drawings and/or pictures of the parts, a short video on how to make the repair, as well as continuously watching thevideo camera273 showing the front door or baby's crib.
• When the car repair is completed, the subscriber can move the viewer to the kitchen where the subscriber can have one, two or more of the following on the viewer266: a list of ingredients, text of a recipe, a video on how to mix the ingredients, listing of measurement conversions, and a video feed from a child's play room. More simply, the subscriber can read a book in the backyard while simultaneously watching the baby's playpen indoor on a video feed.
• While this invention has been described in conjunction with the embodiments described above, it is evident that many alterations, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, embodiments of the invention as set forth above are intended to be only illustrative. Various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A method for highlighting portions of information of an electronic book displayed on a viewer, comprising:

displaying a portion of the electronic book on the viewer;

receiving a request from the subscriber to highlight selected information of the electronic book;

displaying a task bar for use in receiving the request; and

highlighting at least a portion of the electronic book based upon the subscriber's request.

2. The method ofclaim 1, further including displaying the highlighted portion of the electronic book.

3.-29. (canceled)

30. An apparatus for highlighting portions of information of an electronic book displayed on a viewer, comprising:

a display module that displays a portion of an electronic book on a viewer;

a command module that receives a request from the subscriber to highlight selected information of the electronic book;

a task module that displays a task bar for use in receiving the request; and

a highlight module that highlights at least a portion of the electronic book based upon the subscriber's request.

31. The apparatus ofclaim 30, further including a section module that displays the highlighted portion of the electronic book.

32.-73. (canceled)

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