US20090210298A1 - Ticket approval system for and method of performing quality control in field service applications - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for facilitating oversight and quality control of a plurality of locate and marking operations performed by a plurality of locate technicians forming an approver group reviewed by an approver. An approver logs-in to access an approver inbox comprising a plurality of displayed locate technician windows, each locate technician window associated with one locate technician of the approver group. The approver selects a first locate technician window representing a first locate technician, and in response information relating to a first operation performed by the first technician is displayed. The approver provides an approver quality assessment input representing a first quality assessment of the first operation, and an electronic record of the first quality assessment is generated and stored.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §120, as a continuation of U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 12/204,454, filed on Sep. 4, 2008, entitled “Ticket Approval System for and Method of Performing Quality Control in Field Service Applications.” Ser. No. 12/204,454 in turn claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/076,253, filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on Jun. 27, 2008, having the same title.
• Ser. No. 12/204,454 also claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §120, a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. non-provisional application Ser. No. 12/029,732, filed on Feb. 12, 2008, entitled “Electronic Manifest of Underground Facility Locate Marks.”
• Each of the above-identified applications is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
• 1. Technical Field
• The present disclosure generally relates to quality control in field service applications. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to a work order approval system and method of performing quality control in field service applications, such as locate operations.
• 2. Description of the Related Art
• Field service applications may be any application in which companies dispatch technicians and/or other staff into the field in order to perform, for example, certain installations, services, and/or repairs. Field service applications may exist in industries, such as, but not limited to, network installations, utility installations, security systems, construction, medical equipment, heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC), and the like.
• In certain field service applications, there may be an associated work order for each field call. These work orders are hereafter referred to as tickets. The ticket information may include, for example, the physical address or other location information to which the field technician is dispatched, the type of installation service, and/or repair that is requested. Depending on the field service application, certain processes may exist for verifying certain aspects of the installations, services, and/or repairs that are to be performed by the field service technicians according to the ticket information. Since there may be numerous field technicians, each of whom are assigned numerous tickets, implementing and performing meaningful oversight and quality control activities in a timely fashion may be difficult. As a result of the limited quality control activities in certain field service applications, customer satisfaction may be adversely affected. Additionally, the time, effort, and cost that is associated with re-performing work in the field or with correcting and/or improving poorly performed field calls may be unacceptable.
• Consequently, a need exists for methods of providing oversight and quality control in field service applications in order to improve customer satisfaction, to identify and reduce the number of poorly performed tickets, and to improve visibility into distributed workforce operations. More specifically, a need exists for improved approaches to quality control in the underground facility locate industry in order to improve customer satisfaction and to reduce the risk of damage to underground facilities due to poorly performed locate operations.
SUMMARY
• According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of performing quality control in a field service application is presented. The method includes obtaining a ticket, performing at least one task associated with the ticket, collecting data associated with at least one task, and transmitting the data to a work management server. The method further includes reviewing the data received by the approval application for quality control purposes. The work management server includes a database and an approval application.
• According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of performing quality control in a field service application is provided. The method includes obtaining a ticket associated with a determination of a presence or an absence of at least one underground facility, and determining the presence or absence of at least one underground facility. The method further includes performing at least one task resulting from the step of determining, generating and collecting data associated with a dig area defined in the ticket, transmitting the data to a work management server, and reviewing the data received by the approval application for quality control purposes. Further, the work management server includes a database and an approval application.
• According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, a system for maintaining quality control in a field service application is presented. The system includes a ticket with a work order and a dig area associated with the work order, a locate technician to determine a presence or an absence of at least one underground facility, and an image capture mechanism to obtain data associated with the ticket. The system also includes a work management server and a network to transmit the data associated with the ticket to the work management server. The work management server includes a database and a ticket approval application and the ticket approval application is a software application that provides a graphical computerized mechanism for an approver to perform a quality control review.
• According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a system is presented. The system includes a ticket with a work order and a dig area associated with the work order. The ticket is associated with at least one task and the task includes marking for a presence or an absence of at least one underground facility. The system also includes a locate technician to perform at least one task associated with the ticket, an image capture mechanism to obtain data associated with the ticket, a work management server, and a network. The work management server includes a database and a ticket approval application. Further, the network transmits the data associated with the ticket and the performance of at least one task associated with the ticket to the work management server.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The objects and features of the present disclosure, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present disclosure, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objectives and advantages, may be best understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings as set forth below:
• FIG. 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of an example of a ticket approval system for performing oversight and quality control, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of an example of a method of performing oversight and quality control using the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an approver inbox GUI for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an approver image viewer GUI for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a QC referral popup window for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a QC approver inbox GUI for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a QC approver image viewer GUI for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a reject QC popup window for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a coaching popup window for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure;
• FIG. 10 illustrates another example of the approver image viewer GUI for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure; and
• FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a ticket summary GUI for use in the ticket approval system, in accordance with the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements. In addition, the following detailed description does not limit the present disclosure.
• In the discussion that follows, the term “dig area” means any specified geographic area within which excavation may occur, the term “excavation” means disturbing or penetrating the ground, the term “excavation area” means the ground where excavation occurs or will occur, and the term “facility owner” means an owner, an operator, or a third party contractor that provides the services of a locate operation and/or a marking operation to a facility owner as an agent or otherwise. Examples of a facility owner may include, but are not limited to, a gas company, a water company, a sewer company, a power company, a telephone company, or a cable company. In addition, the term “image” means any image, depiction, and/or visual representation. An image may be, but is not limited to, images captured or stored in any human or machine readable format.
• Further, the term “locate device” means any apparatus and/or device for detecting and/or inferring the presence or absence of any facility, including without limitation, any underground facility, the term “locate mark” means any mark, sign, and/or other means indicating the presence or absence of any underground facility. Examples of locate marks may include, but are not limited to, marks made with marking materials, marking objects, global positioning or other information, and/or any other means. Locate marks may be represented in any form including, without limitation, physical, visible, electronic, and/or any combination thereof. The term “locate operation” means any activity to detect or infer the presence or absence of an underground facility, and the term “marking operation” means any activity to mark the presence or absence of an underground facility. In addition, the term “locate technician” means an individual performing a locate or a locate operation. The term “manifest” means any record in any form that comprises information relating to a locate or a locate operation. A manifest may include separately or in combination, and without limitation, information concerning a dig area, environmental landmarks, type and approximate geographic location of the presence or absence of at least one locate mark, time, date and duration of the locate operation, facility owner(s), party requesting a locate operation, identity of the locate technician, and/or notes of the locate technician.
• The term “marking device” means any apparatus, mechanism, or other means of employing a marking dispenser for causing a marking material and/or marking object to be dispensed, and the term “marking dispenser system” means a system including, but not limited to, a marking device, a marking dispenser, and an actuator. Further, the term “marking object” means any object and/or objects used or which may be used separately or in combination to mark, signify, and/or indicate. Examples of marking objects may include, but are not limited to, a flag and/or an RFID marking ball, and the term “marking material” means any material, substance, compound, and/or element, used or which may be used separately or in combination to mark, signify, and/or indicate. Examples of marking materials may include, but are not limited to, paint, chalk, dye, and/or iron.
• Additionally, the term “facility” means one or more lines, cables, fibers, conduits, transmitters, receivers, or other physical objects or structures capable of or used for carrying, transmitting, receiving, storing, and providing utilities, energy, data, substances, and/or services, and/or any combination thereof, and the term “underground facility” means any facility beneath the surface of the ground. Examples of facilities include, but are not limited to, oil, gas, water, sewer, power, telephone, data transmission, cable TV, and/or internet services.
• The present disclosure includes a method and system of performing oversight and quality control in field service applications, such as locate operations, and ticket approval systems. The ticket approval system of the present disclosure provides a mechanism by which approvers and/or managers may review the quality of locate operations in real time and/or within a certain amount of time (e.g., within one day) of the locate operation. In particular, a ticket approval software application of the present disclosure provides a graphical computerized mechanism for viewing the information, such as images, that is associated with locate operations, which allows for a rapid and efficient processing of tickets. Examples of images include, but are not limited to, digital images, aerial images, and so on. In doing so, approvers and/or managers may assess the quality of each locate operation in a time efficient manner. Based on the assessment, locate operations may be categorized in a variety of ways, for example: (1) approved, no further action needed; (2) satisfactory, but the locate technician needs coaching or training; or (3) unsatisfactory, the ticket needs quality control (QC) action. While approvers may be required to assess all tickets of the locate technicians under their supervision, a random subset of tickets may be selected for higher managerial review, adding a further level of quality assurance.
• The ticket approval system of the present disclosure maintains a numerical count of approved tickets, coaching referrals, and QC referrals. In the case of QC referrals, the ticket may require immediate dispatch to the original locate technician or a QC technician. QC referrals may be considered high priority and, therefore, routed to the next available time slot of the locate or QC technician, in order to correct defects in a timely manner.
• The method and system of the present disclosure may be used in a locate operation. Man-made objects, such as facilities, and in particular, underground facilities (e.g., gas, water, sewer, power, telephone, and cable television lines), are susceptible to damage from various things, such as from excavation. Local and federal laws may require that notification be given to facility owners that own underground facilities in an excavation area before any excavation takes place. If such notification is received, the facility owner typically locates and marks the location of the underground facilities. By way of example, the facility owner may use a ticket approval system for and method of performing oversight and quality control during a locate operation, as described herein.
• Locate operations may be performed, for example, by the facility owner. A marking dispenser system is typically used to create locate marks. Paint is commonly used as the marking material, and it is typically applied using a marking device. The color of the marking material is typically chosen based on the type of underground facility that is being marked (e.g., red paint for a power line).
• Protocols may exist for verifying certain aspects of locate operations that are performed by locate technicians. For example, for each locate operation, the locate technician may be required to provide certain evidence (e.g., photographs) that may be used in order to verify (against the original ticket) the actual address at which the locate operation was performed versus the requested address, the actual locate operations that were performed versus the requested locate operations, and to provide proof that the locate operation was actually performed (i.e., proof of “locate marks”).
• The system of the present disclosure provides a mechanism by which approvers and/or managers may review the quality of locate operations in real time and/or within a certain amount of time (e.g., within one day). In particular, a ticket approval software application of the present disclosure provides a graphical computerized mechanism for viewing the information, for example, digital information, markings, and images, that is associated with the locate operations, which allows rapid and efficient processing of tickets.
• Further, approvers and/or managers may quickly assess the quality of each locate operation. Based on the assessment, locate operations may be categorized as, for example, (1) approved, no further action needed, (2) satisfactory, but the locate technician needs coaching or training, or (3) unsatisfactory, the ticket needs quality control (QC) action. While approvers may be required to assess all tickets of the locate technician under their supervision, a random and/or rules-based subset of tickets may be selected for higher managerial review, adding a further level of oversight and quality assurance.
• The ticket approval system of the present disclosure maintains, for example, a numerical count of approved tickets, coaching referrals and QC referrals. In the case of QC referrals, the ticket may require immediate dispatch to the original locate technician or a QC technician. QC referrals may be considered high priority and, therefore, routed to the next available time slot of the locate technician or QC technician in order to correct any defects prior to the start of excavation.
• Referring toFIG. 1, a functional block diagram of asystem100 for performing oversight and quality control in locate operations is provided.System100 may include a locateservice provider110, which may be any facility owner. Additionally,system100 may include awork management server112, which is maintained and operated by locateservice provider110, and which may be any local or centralized computing device, including aprocessing unit150, amemory152, and acommunication interface154, that is capable of hosting an application such as aticket approval application130, as discussed further below. In implementation,work management server112 may be a networked application and/or web server.
• Personnel that are associated withsystem100 may include, but are not limited to,managers114, QC approvers116,approvers118,QC technicians120, and locatetechnicians122 of locateservice provider110.Managers114 may be high-level managers of locateservice provider110, including directors and/or company executives of locateservice provider110 that overseeQC approvers116,approvers118,QC technicians120 and locatetechnicians122.Managers114 may interact with theticket approval application130 via adisplay device156A and auser input device158A coupled to thework management server112. It is contemplated thatmanagers114, QC approvers116,approvers118,QC technicians120 and other locatetechnicians122 may also serve in a QC capacity according to the present disclosure.
• QC approvers116 may be the individuals that are responsible for processing any QC referrals and to whomQC technicians120 may report. QC approvers116 may interact with theticket approval application130 via adisplay device156B and auser input device158B coupled to thework management server112.QC technicians120 are technicians that are dispatched into the field for performing QC activities.Approvers118 may be the direct supervisors of locatetechnicians122.Approvers118 may interact with theticket approval application130 via adisplay device156C and auser input device158C coupled to thework management server112. Further,managers114, QC approvers116, and/orapprovers118 may be the personnel of the customers of locateservice provider110. For example,managers114, QC approvers116, and/orapprovers118 may be service managers of the customers of locateservice provider110 who wish to verify the quality of the workflow of locateservice provider110.
• Referring again toFIG. 1,system100 may include variousimage capture mechanisms124 by whichQC technicians120 and locatetechnicians122 provide images of the dig area while performing locate operations. In an example,image capture mechanism124 is a consumer or professional grade digital still or video camera. In another example,image capture mechanism124 is the device for providing an electronic manifest of underground facility locate marks that is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/029,732 (the “'732 patent application”), entitled “Electronic manifest of underground facility locate marks,” that is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
• Image capture mechanism124 may be used to obtain an image used to verify the address of the locate operation, to verify the ticket information of the locate operation, and/or to provide proof that the locate operation was actually performed. For example,image capture mechanism124 may be used to provide an image of something that identifies the location of the dig area, such as an image that shows the street number on a mailbox or on a building or a serial number on a telephone pole. In an exemplary embodiment, certain digital cameras and other devices have geographic or global positioning system (GPS) technology integrated therein, which allows GPS data (i.e., dig area data) to be stored with the image data. In this case, the GPS data may be used as the dig area identifier mechanism. In addition,image capture mechanism124 may be used to provide an image of a manifest or similar log of the ticket, dig area and locate marks. Furthermore,image capture mechanism124 may be used to provide an image of the dig area showing locate marks.
• Dig area and image (dig area/image) data fromimage capture mechanisms124 may be transmitted to and stored on, for example, animage server126. Each image fromimage capture mechanisms124 is associated with a certain ticket.Image server126 is connected to thework management server112 via a wired orwireless network128.Network128 is, for example, a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a telephone network, such as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or a cellular network, an Internet connection, an Intranet connection, one or more communication links, and/or a combination of networks. Also, dig area/image data fromimage capture mechanism124 may be transmitted directly towork management server112, as shown bycommunication link160.
• As noted above,work management server112 includes aticket approval application130 that is implemented via processor-executable instructions executed by processingunit150 and adatabase132 stored inmemory152.Database132, created and maintained by any suitable database software, stores relationships between, for example, dig area/image data captured byimage capture mechanism124,tickets134, locatetechnicians122 andapprovers118. For example,database132 may storetickets134 and associated dig area/image data136.
• In an embodiment,ticket approval application130 is a software application that provides a graphical computerized mechanism for performing oversight and quality control in a locate operation. Additional details relating to an example of a method implemented by theticket approval application130 in an oversight and quality control operation are described with reference toFIG. 2. Further, additional details of example GUIs ofticket approval application130 that may be displayed on one or more ofdisplay devices156A,156B and156C are described with reference toFIGS. 3 through 11.
• The features ofticket approval application130 ofsystem100 of the present disclosure may include, but are not limited to, the following:
• a mechanism by which approvers may review tickets rapidly in real time and/or within a certain amount of time (e.g., within one day) from the ticket being executed;
• a mechanism by which dig area/image data that is associated with approved tickets may be stored with the appropriate ticket(s) as a part of the archival process;
• a mechanism by which a numerical count of approved tickets, coaching referrals, and QC referrals, may be maintained for different levels of the system;
• a mechanism by which, while QC approvers116 may be required to review all tickets of all locatetechnicians122 under their supervision, a random and/or rules-based subset of tickets may be selected for higher managerial review, which adds a further level of quality assurance;
• a mechanism by which tickets that are tagged for QC referral may be dispatched immediately to the original locate technician, QC technician, and/or another locate technician;
• a mechanism by which substantially all tasks that are associated with a QC referral may be completed the same day as dispatched and the manifest is revised to reflect any changes that are made on site;
• a mechanism by which QC referrals that are not completed on the same business day as referred may be flagged for managerial review and handling;
• a mechanism by which approvers118 may log and track coaching referrals;
• a mechanism by which received data is interrogated against various aspects and limitations, such as time to complete work, cost to complete work, conditions at the work site, time the work was performed (proper or improper time), efficiency with which the work was performed, and the like, to provide exception notifications relating to certain reviewed tickets that can be flagged for review byapprover118;
• a mechanism by which coaching opportunities that are not completed within a certain amount of time, for example, within ten business days, may be flagged for managerial review and handling; and
• a mechanism by which substantially all documentation may be auto-archived, for example, indatabase132 ofwork management server112 as well as in employee personnel files (e.g., human resources files) for use, for example, with tracking employee information and performance evaluation scoring.
• Turning now toFIG. 2, a flow diagram of an example of amethod200 of performing oversight and quality control in a locateoperation using system100 is presented.Method200 may include, but is not limited to, the following steps, which may be implemented in any order.
• Atstep210, the locate technician completes the ticket and provides dig area data. For example, locatetechnician122 is assigned a certain ticket and is dispatched to a specific dig area to perform a locate operation. In the process of performing the locate operation, locatetechnician122 captures the required dig area/image data viaimage capture mechanism124. In an example, whenimage capture mechanism124 is a digital camera, locatetechnician122 provides a digital photograph that shows the street number on a building, another digital photograph of the paper manifest, and another digital photograph of the dig area, showing locate marks. Additionally, whenimage capture mechanism124 is the device and method of the '732 patent application, the images of the dig area, showing locate marks, are in the form of an image of the dig area that has locate marks electronically overlaid thereon. These locate marks denote the presence of facilities. The device and method of the '732 patent application provide alternative mechanisms for automatically providing dig area identification information and manifest information in electronic form for importing intoticket approval application130.
• Upon completion of the locate operation, the dig area/image data ofimage capture mechanism124 may be transmitted to imageserver126 or directly towork management server112. In doing so, the dig area/image data is accessible toticket approval application130. Additionally, an association is formed between the dig area/image data and the ticket. This association between the dig area/image data and the ticket is maintained throughout the steps of the oversight and quality control method of the present disclosure.
• Atstep212, an approver opens theticket approval application130 and selects a certain locate technician and ticket for quality control review. Eachapprover118 is responsible for a certain group of locatetechnicians122. This approver-specific group of locatetechnicians122 may be called an approver group.
• By way of example,FIG. 3 illustrates an example of anapprover inbox GUI300 for use insystem100 of the present disclosure.Approver inbox GUI300 may be the user interface that is presented toapprover118 upon logging intoticket approval application130.Approver inbox GUI300 displays one or more locate technician windows310 (310a-310i), whereby each of locatetechnician windows310 is associated with certain locatetechnician122 of the approver group. A display area ofapprover inbox GUI300 may indicate the total number of new tickets, coaching referrals and QC referrals for the approver group.Approver118 is able to select a new ticket via anew ticket icon312 and is able to select tickets that have been referred for QC via a quality controlledticket icon314. Further,approver118 is able to select tickets that have been referred for coaching via a coachedticket icon316. In an example,approver118 selectsnew ticket icon312 of locate technician window310a.Ticket approval application130 reads in the associated ticket information and dig area/image data fromtickets134 and dig area/image data136 ofdatabase132.
• Atstep214,approver118 reviews the dig area/image data of the selected ticket. For example,approver118 reviews the ticket of locate technician window310athat was selected atstep212.
• By way of example,FIG. 4 illustrates an approverimage viewer GUI400 for use in the ticket approval system of the present disclosure. Approverimage viewer GUI400 may include animage display area410, multiple text display fields, such as a TICKET MANIFEST display field, and a WORK PERFORMED display field. Other information may be displayed, such as the ticket number, locate technician name, ticket details, locate marks used, and a locate technician signoff field. Additionally,approver118 may select a navigate backicon412 in order to return to a previous GUI, may select an approvedicon414 in order to categorize the ticket as satisfactory, may select aQC icon416 in order to categorize the ticket as unsatisfactory and needing QC action, and may select acoach icon418 in order to categorize the ticket as satisfactory, but locate technician is in need of coaching.
• Approver118 visually inspects the information that is displayed on approverimage viewer GUI400 and, in particular, compares the dig area image inimage display area410 with the information in the TICKET MANIFEST display field and a WORK PERFORMED display field.
• Ifapprover118 determines that substantially all aspects of the locate operation are satisfactory,approver118 selects approvedicon414 andmethod200 proceeds to step216. For example, if the information in the WORK PERFORMED display field and the markings that are shown at the dig area inimage display area410 satisfactorily match the information in the TICKET MANIFEST display field, approvedicon414 may be selected andmethod200 proceeds to step216. In this case, the risk of a locate error and damage to facilities during excavation is diminished.
• Ifapprover118 determines that the locate operation itself is satisfactory, but certain aspects of the information that is provided by locatetechnician122 needs improvement,approver118 selectscoach icon418, which generates a coaching referral andmethod200 proceeds to step218. For example, the locate operation is satisfactory when the information in the WORK PERFORMED display field and the markings that are shown at the dig area inimage display area410 sufficiently match the information in the TICKET MANIFEST display field. In this case, risk of a locate error and damage to underground facilities during excavation may be low. However, certain details of the markings may need to improve. For example, a less than desirable anchor point has been marked. This may result in a minor inaccuracy, while not presenting a risk of damage during excavation. In this example, locatetechnician122 may need training with regard to selecting anchor points.
• Ifapprover118 determines that important aspects of the locate operation are unsatisfactory,approver118 selectsQC icon416, which generates a QC referral andmethod200 proceeds to step224. In an example, a gross error that may prompt the need for QC action may be when the TICKET MANIFEST calls for gas, power, and water lines to be located and marked, yet the information in the WORK PERFORMED display field and site image inimage display area410 shows that only the gas and power lines were marked. In this example, because the water lines were not marked, there may be an increased risk of damage to the water lines during excavation, and immediate corrective action may be required.
• Further to the QC referral example,FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a QCreferral popup window500 for use in the ticket approval system of the present disclosure. QCreferral popup window500 shows a selection of various reasons for which a QC referral may be generated as well as a text box for entering notes. For the above example, QCreferral popup window500 shows that the reason for referral is “Member underground facility not seen as noted on manifest” and clarifying notes are shown. QCreferral popup window500 includes a submitQC referral icon510 and a cancelQC referral icon512. QCreferral popup window500 is not limited to the selections shown inFIG. 5 and may be designed to include any content.
• Uponstep216, the ticket approval process is completed. The dig area/image data that is associated with approved tickets may be stored with the appropriate ticket(s) as a part of an archival process. The numerical count of approved tickets for the entire system, for each approver group of locatetechnicians122 and for individual locatetechnician122, may be updated and stored.
• Atstep218, the coaching referral is routed to the approver's inbox. For example, the coaching referral that is generated atstep214 may be maintained in the inbox of originatingapprover118 for a certain period of time, such as, for example, ten business days. This allows for coaching schedules to be developed and completed in a timely manner.
• Atstep220,approver118 performs the coaching activity with locatetechnician122. For example,approver118 steps through one or more coaching referrals in approver's118 inbox for targeted locatetechnician122 and performs one or more coaching activities, according to the contents of each coaching referral.
• Atstep222, locatetechnician122 andapprover118 sign off on the coaching activities as acknowledgement that the coaching activity has been completed. A positive report of completing the coaching activities may be logged, for example, in the personnel file of locatetechnician122. The one or more coaching referrals may then be removed from the inbox ofapprover118.
• Atstep224, the ticket that is the subject of QC referral ofstep214 is routed to acertain QC approver116 for review. For example,certain QC approver116 opensticket approval application130, views QC approver's inbox and selects a certain locate technician and ticket for which a QC review has been requested.
• By way of example,FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a QCapprover inbox GUI600 for use in the ticket approval system of the present disclosure. QCapprover inbox GUI600 may be the user interface that is presented tocertain QC approver116 upon logging intoticket approval application130. QC approver inbox GUI600 (610a-610c) displays one or more locate technician windows610, whereby each locate technician window610 is associated with certain locatetechnician122 and QC referral. A display area of QCapprover inbox GUI600 shows the total number of QC referrals.QC approver116 is able to select any locate technician window610, for example,QC approver116 selects locatetechnician window610a.Ticket approval application130 reads in the associated ticket information and dig area/image data fromtickets134 and dig area/image data136 ofdatabase132.
• Atdecision step226,QC approver116 determines whether to accept or reject the QC referral. For example,QC approver116 reviews the dig area/image data of the selected QC referral. By way of example,FIG. 7 illustrates a QC approver image viewer GUI700 for use in the ticket approval system of the present disclosure.
• QC approver image viewer GUI700 may includeimage display area410, the TICKET MANIFEST display field, the WORK PERFORMED display field, and other information, as described in approverimage viewer GUI400 ofFIG. 4. Additionally, QC approver image viewer GUI700 includes a navigate backicon412, an approvedicon414, aQC icon416 and acoach icon418, as described in approverimage viewer GUI400 ofFIG. 4. QC approver image viewer GUI700 may also include a text field for displaying notes that were entered by originatingapprover118 and additional selections and/or text fields for routing the QC request to original locatetechnician122 or tocertain QC technician120.
• QC approver116 visually inspects the information that is displayed on QC approver image viewer GUI700 and compares the dig area image inimage display area410 with the information in the TICKET MANIFEST display field and a WORK PERFORMED display field.QC approver116 determines whether QC approver116 is in agreement with originatingapprover118 that the ticket requires QC action.
• IfQC approver116 determines that QC action is needed,method200 proceeds to step228. IfQC approver116 determines that no QC action is needed,method200 proceeds to step234.FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a rejectQC popup window800 for use insystem100. RejectQC popup window800 may include a text field for entering the reason for rejection as well as a submit QC rejection icon810 and a cancel QC rejection icon812.
• Optionally,QC approver116 may determine that no QC action is needed, but coaching is recommended. In this case,method200 proceeds to step218.FIG. 9 illustrates an example of acoaching popup window900 for use insystem100.Coaching popup window900 may include a text field for entering the reason for coaching as well as a submitcoaching request icon910 and a cancelcoaching request icon912.
• Atstep228, QC approver116 routes the ticket to a QC technician for execution. For example,QC approver116 makes note of the QC action that is needed via QC approver image viewer GUI700. In the example ofstep214, wherein the water lines should have been marked, but were not,QC approver116 makes a note that the water lines were not marked.QC approver116 then routes the QC request to original (or alternate) locatetechnician122 or tocertain QC technician120 who returns to the dig area to perform the required tasks (e.g., to mark the water lines).
• Atstep230,QC technician120 completes the ticket and provides updated dig area/image data. For example, revisiting the dig area in order to perform the tasks that are necessary to satisfy the QC referral. Upon completion of the QC operation, the dig area/image data of theimage capture mechanism124 is transmitted to imageserver126 or directly towork management server112. In doing so, the updated dig area/image data is accessible toticket approval application130.
• Atstep232,approver118 that originated the QC referral opensapprover inbox GUI300 and reviews the updated ticket via approverimage viewer GUI400.FIG. 10 illustrates another example of approverimage viewer GUI400 that includes additional information. For example,approver118 is able to view additional notes that have been added along the entire history of the ticket by, for example,QC approver116 who processed the QC referral and/orQC technician120 who was assigned to perform the QC operation. Additionally,approver118 is able to view the original dig area images supplied by original locatetechnician122 as well as the new dig area images supplied byQC technician120.Method200 returns to step212 whereapprover118 may again review the updated ticket similar to any other ticket.
• Atstep234, certain QC approver116 routes the ticket back to the originatingapprover118.Method200 returns to step212 whereapprover118 may again review the ticket similar to any other ticket.
• Method200 is not limited to the operations that are described inFIG. 2. Other operations may occur, such as tracking the status of QC referrals, flagging delinquent QC referrals, tracking the status of coaching referrals, flagging delinquent coaching referrals, tracking the total ticket numbers across the entire service provider, and dashboard reporting. For example,FIG. 11 illustrates an example of aticket summary GUI1100 for use in the ticket approval system of the present disclosure. At any time,manager114 may view the current numerical count of approved tickets, coaching referrals and QC referrals. For example, theticket summary GUI1100 shows a summary of these counts, organized by approver groups.
• In an alternative embodiment, an example of a real time (or substantially real time) method of performing oversight and quality control in locate operations using the ticket approval system of the present disclosure may be enabled by use of, for example, email infrastructure. In this embodiment,work management server112 and, in particular,ticket approval application130 may be accessible via an email application and there may be email communication between entities. Upon completion of a ticket, locatetechnician122 may send an email toapprover118 that includes substantially the same content as shown in approverimage viewer GUI400. By use of an email application,approver118 may process the ticket much the way that has been described inFIGS. 1 through 11, wherein the various GUIs are viewed and processed via the email application. In this embodiment, the workflow is being pushed from locatetechnicians122 toapprovers118, rather than being pulled byapprovers118 from locatetechnicians122. It is further contemplated thatapprover118 will provide a signature, such as, an electronic signature or other indicator to signify completion of the review process.
• Similarly, the use of additional communication devices such as mobile telephones, PDAs, portable computers (i.e., laptops and tablet PCs), text messaging and the like are contemplated within all aspects of the present disclosure. By use of one or more of the additional communication devices, any manager/approver/QC technician/locate technician (114,116,118 and120) may process the tickets much the way that has been described inFIGS. 1 through 11, wherein the various GUIs are viewed and processed via any of the one or more additional communication instruments.
• Further, it is contemplated that dig area and image data, tickets and related communications according to the present disclosure can be made through wireless interfaces including, for example, an Intranet connection, Internet, Bluetooth® technology, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, IEEE 802.11 technology, radio frequency (RF), Infrared Data Association (IrDA) compatible protocols, Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP), combinations thereof, and other types of wireless networking protocols. Additionally, the wireless interface may be capable of capturing signals that reflect a user's intent. For example, the wireless interface may include a microphone that can capture a user's intent by capturing the user's audible statements or commands. Alternatively, the wireless interface may interact with a device that monitors a condition or biological state of the user, such as eye movement, brain activity, heart rate, and/or other subtle signals.
• While the ticket approval system and methods ofFIGS. 1 through 11 have been described in the context of underground facility locate applications, this is only for exemplary purposes. The ticket approval system and method of the present disclosure may be applicable to any field service or distributed workforce application.
• Furthermore, while the ticket approval system and methods ofFIGS. 1 through 11 have been described in the context of oversight and quality control of locate operations, the system and methods of the present disclosure are not limited to locate operations involving underground facilities only. The system and methods of the present disclosure are suitable for performing quality control of locate operations, activities to detect or infer the presence or absence of above ground facilities, and any combination thereof. Additionally, the system and methods of the present disclosure can be used in other industries and practices such as, for example, used in the inspection practices of the building and construction fields.
• No element, act, or instruction used in the present application should be construed as critical or essential to the present disclosure unless explicitly described as such. In addition, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more items. Where only one item is intended, the term “one” or similar language is used.
• It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.

Claims (20)

1. An apparatus for facilitating oversight and quality control of a plurality of locate and marking operations performed by a plurality of locate technicians forming an approver group reviewed by an approver, each locate and marking operation comprising identifying a presence or an absence of at least one underground facility within a dig area to be excavated or disturbed during excavation activities, the apparatus comprising:

a communication interface;

at least one display device;

at least one user input device;

a memory to store processor-executable instructions; and

a processing unit coupled to the communication interface, the at least one display device, the at least one user input device, and the memory, wherein upon execution of the processor-executable instructions by the processing unit, the processing unit:

A) controls the communication interface to receive log-in information from the approver;

B) controls the at least one display device to display, in response to A), an approver inbox, the approver inbox comprising a plurality of locate technician windows, each locate technician window associated with one locate technician of the approver group;

C) acquires from the approver via the at least one user input device a first selection of a first locate technician window of the plurality of locate technician windows, the first locate technician window representing a first locate technician;

D) in response to C), controls the at least one display device to display information relating to a first locate and marking operation performed by the first locate technician;

E) acquires from the approver via the at least one user input device an approver quality assessment input representing a first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation;

F) generates an electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation based at least in part on E); and

G) controls the memory to store the electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation.

2. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the processing unit includes in the electronic record generated in F) an electronic signature of the approver to signify completion of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation.

3. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein in B), the processing unit further controls the at least one display device to display, as part of the approver inbox, a first total number of new tickets representing locate and marking operations awaiting quality review for the approver group, a second total number of quality controlled tickets representing unsatisfactory locate and marking operations for the approver group, and a third total number of coached tickets representing locate and marking operations for the approver group that have been referred for coaching.

4. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein each locate technician window displayed in B) comprises:

at least one identifier for the one locate technician;

a new ticket icon indicating a first number of locate and marking operations performed by the one locate technician and awaiting quality review;

a quality controlled ticket icon indicating a second number of locate and marking operations performed by the one locate technician and deemed unsatisfactory; and

a coached ticket icon indicating a third number of locate and marking operations performed by the one locate technician and referred for coaching.

5. The apparatus ofclaim 4, wherein in C), the processing unit further acquires from the approver via the at least one user input device a second selection in the first locate technician window of the first locate and marking operation performed by the first locate technician.

6. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the information regarding the first locate and marking operation displayed in D) comprises:

ticket information from a ticket provided to the first locate technician prior to performing the first locate and marking operation, the ticket information relating to the first locate and marking operation to be performed; and

at least a portion of a locate manifest regarding the first locate and marking operation as performed by the first locate technician, the locate manifest including at least one digital image associated with a first dig area in which the first locate and marking operation was performed.

7. The apparatus ofclaim 6, wherein in E), the processing unit acquires from the approver via the at least one user input device the approver quality assessment input in response to the approver comparing the displayed ticket information and the displayed portion of the locate manifest.

8. The apparatus ofclaim 6, wherein in G), the processing unit further controls the memory to store the ticket information and the locate manifest for the first locate and marking operation as part of the electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation.

9. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein in D), the processing unit further controls the at least one display device to display, together with the information relating to the first locate and marking operation, a plurality of quality assessment icons representing different possible quality assessments for the first locate and marking operation.

10. The apparatus ofclaim 9, wherein the plurality of quality assessment icons include:

an approved icon representing a satisfactory locate and marking operation;

a QC icon representing an unsatisfactory locate and marking operation; and

a coach icon representing that the first locate technician requires coaching.

11. The apparatus ofclaim 10, wherein in E), the processing unit acquires from the approver via the at least one user input device a third selection of one of the plurality of quality assessment icons so as to provide the approver quality assessment input representing the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation.

12. The apparatus ofclaim 11, wherein the processing unit further maintains a numerical count of satisfactory locate and marking operations, unsatisfactory locate and marking operations, and locate and marking operations requiring coaching based on the third selection by the approver of one of the plurality of quality assessment icons.

13. The apparatus ofclaim 11, wherein the processing unit further designates the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation for higher managerial review randomly or based at least in part on a predetermined rule.

14. The apparatus ofclaim 11 wherein, if the QC icon is selected by the approver as the third selection, the processing unit further:

controls the at least one display device to display a QC referral popup window that facilitates entry and/or selection of reasons for the unsatisfactory locate and marking operation; and

acquires from the approver via the at least one user input device the entry and/or selection of the reasons for the unsatisfactory locate and marking operation.

15. The apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein the processing unit forwards the electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation, together with the reasons for the unsatisfactory locate and marking operation, to a QC approver different from the approver.

16. The apparatus ofclaim 15, wherein the processing unit controls the at least one display device to update the first locate technician window in the approver inbox to indicate the unsatisfactory locate and marking operation.

17. The apparatus ofclaim 11 wherein, if the coach icon is selected by the approver as the third selection, the processing unit further:

controls the at least one display device to display a coaching popup window that facilitates entry and/or selection of reasons for the coaching; and

acquires from the approver via the at least one input device the entry and/or selection of the reasons for the coaching so as to provide a coaching referral.

18. The apparatus ofclaim 17, wherein the processing unit further controls the at least one display device to update the first locate technician window in the approver inbox to indicate the coaching referral.

19. A computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed on at least one processing unit, perform a method for facilitating oversight and quality control of a plurality of locate and marking operations performed by a plurality of locate technicians forming an approver group reviewed by an approver, each locate and marking operation comprising identifying a presence or an absence of at least one underground facility within a dig area to be excavated or disturbed during excavation activities, the method comprising:

A) receiving log-in information from the approver;

B) displaying, in response to A), an approver inbox, the approver inbox comprising a plurality of locate technician windows, each locate technician window associated with one locate technician of the approver group;

C) receiving a first selection from the approver of a first locate technician window of the plurality of locate technician windows, the first locate technician window representing a first locate technician;

D) in response to C), displaying information relating to a first locate and marking operation performed by the first locate technician;

E) receiving from the approver an approver quality assessment input representing a first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation;

F) generating an electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation based at least in part on E); and

G) storing the electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation.

20. A method for facilitating oversight and quality control of a plurality of locate and marking operations performed by a plurality of locate technicians forming an approver group reviewed by an approver, each locate and marking operation comprising identifying a presence or an absence of at least one underground facility within a dig area to be excavated or disturbed during excavation activities, the method comprising:

A) receiving, at a computing device, log-in information from the approver;

B) displaying on at least one display device associated with the computing device, in response to A), an approver inbox, the approver inbox comprising a plurality of locate technician windows, each locate technician window associated with one locate technician of the approver group;

C) receiving a first selection from the approver, via a user interface device associated with the at least one display device, of a first locate technician window of the plurality of locate technician windows, the first locate technician window representing a first locate technician;

D) in response to C), displaying on the at least one display device information relating to a first locate and marking operation performed by the first locate technician;

E) receiving from the approver, via the at least one user interface, an approver quality assessment input representing a first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation;

F) generating, via the computing device, an electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation based at least in part on E); and

G) storing, in at least one memory associated with the computing device, the electronic record of the first quality assessment of the first locate and marking operation.

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