US20090181715A1 - Power control during a transmission pause - Google Patents

Abstract

A transmitting station performs closed loop power control prior to a transmission pause. A closed loop transmission power level prior to the pause is determined. A reference signal is received and a received power level of the reference signal prior to and during the transmission pause is determined. The measured reference signal received power levels are compared to a transmit power level of the reference signals to produce a pathloss estimate of the reference signal prior to and during the transmission pause. A new transmit power level is determined by adjusting the closed loop transmission power level by a change between the prior to and during pathloss estimates. A transmission power level of the transmitting station is set to the determined new transmit power level. A communication is transmitted at the set transmission power level.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/848,185 filed May 18, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/325,772 filed Dec. 19, 2002, which issued on Jun. 8, 2004 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,235, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No. 60/425,607 filed Nov. 12, 2002, which are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.
BACKGROUND
• This invention generally relates to spread spectrum communication systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to controlling transmission power levels in such systems.
• In many spread spectrum communication systems, multiple user communications are sent over a shared frequency spectrum. In code division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems, the multiple communications are sent using different codes to distinguish them. In time division duplex (TDD)/CDMA and time division synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA) communication systems, the spectrum is also time divided to better utilize the spectrum.
• Since multiple communications are sent in the same spectrum, the communications may interfere with each other. To reduce the interference that the communications induce on one another, adaptive power control is used. The purpose of adaptive power control is to transmit each communication at a minimum power level to achieve a specified reception quality, such as a target signal to interference ratio (SIR).
• One scheme to implement adaptive power control is closed loop power control. In closed loop power control, a transmitter transmits a communication at a certain power level. A target receiver receives the communication and measures the SIR of the received signal. The measured SIR is compared to a target SIR. If the measured SIR is larger than the target SIR, a power command indicating that the transmitter should decrease its transmission power is sent. If the measured SIR is less than the target SIR, a power command indicating that the transmitter should increase its power level is sent. The power command is, typically, a single bit indicating either an increase or decrease in power level. The transmitter receives the power command and changes its transmission power level in response to the power command by a fixed amount, such as by increasing or decreasing the transmission power level by 1 dB.
• When there is a pause in the transmissions, no data is present in the channel for SIR calculations. In this situation, the receiver may generate either no power commands or dummy power commands. The dummy commands are arbitrary commands and most likely have no relation to any actual change in channel conditions. Likewise, when there is a pause in the receiver's transmissions, no power commands are sent to the transmitter. Since the channel conditions may change during these pauses, the transmission power level may deviate from the desired power level for the current channel conditions. If the power level is too low, a desired quality of service (QOS) may not be achieved. If the power level is too high, unnecessary interference may be introduced onto other users.
• Accordingly, it is desirable to have other approaches to power control.
SUMMARY
• A transmitting station performs closed loop power control prior to a transmission pause and determines the closed loop transmission power level. A reference signal is received and a received power level of the reference signal prior to and during the transmission pause is determined. The measured reference signal received power levels are compared to a transmit power level of the reference signals to produce a pathloss estimate of the reference signal prior to and during the transmission pause. A new transmit power level is determined by adjusting the closed loop transmission power level by a change between the prior to and during pathloss estimates. A transmission power level of the transmitting station is set to the determined new transmit power level. A communication is transmitted at the set transmission power level.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)
• FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of power control during a transmission pause.
• FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram of a transmitting and receiving station using power control during a transmission pause.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
• The present invention will be described with respect to the figures wherein like numerals represent like elements throughout. Although power control during a transmission pause is explained with the preferred TDD/CDMA and TD-SCDMA communication systems, it can be applied to other communication systems experiencing channel reciprocity between the uplink and downlink.
• A preferred embodiment of power control during a transmission pause is explained using the flow chart ofFIG. 1 and the components of two simplified communication stations ofFIG. 2. For the following discussion, the communication station having its transmission power level controlled is referred to as the transmittingstation20 and the communication station receiving the power controlled communications is referred to as thereceiving station22. Since power control during a transmission pause can be used for uplink, downlink or both types of communications, the transmittingstation20 may be a base station, a user equipment or both.
• When data is transmitted by the transmittingstation20, data to be transmitted to thereceiving station22 is modulated and spread to produce a spread spectrum radio frequency (RF) signal by a modulation and spreadingdevice24. Anamplifier26 is used to control the power level of the RF signal. The RF signal is radiated by anantenna36 or antenna array through awireless radio interface38 to thereceiving station22.
• The RF signal is received by anantenna40 or antenna array of thereceiving station22. The impulse response of the received signal is estimated by achannel estimation device44. In a TDD/CDMA or TD-SCDMA communication system, the channel estimation is performed using known training sequences in a midamble portion of a communication burst. Using the impulse responses, thedata detection device42 recovers the transmitted data from the received RF signal. Using information from both thedata detection device42 and thechannel estimation device44, a quality of the received RF signal, such as a SIR, is measured by aquality measurement device50. A transmit power command (TPC) generation device compares the measured quality to a target quality. If the measured quality is greater than the target, a decrease command is generated. If the measured quality is less than or equal to the target, an increase command is generated. Although other commands may be used, the preferred command is a single bit with a +1 indicating an increase in power level and a −1 indicating a decrease in power level. The TPC is sent to the transmittingstation20. If the transmittingstation20 is not transmitting, thereceiving station22 may send no TPCs to the transmittingstation20 or dummy (arbitrary) TPCs. If thereceiving station22 has paused its transmissions, no TPCs are transmitted to the transmittingstation20 during the pause.
• To compensate for the lack of TPCs, whether due to a pause in the transmitting or receiving station's transmissions, a pathloss estimate is used where the pathloss estimate includes all radio channel conditions between the transmitting and receiving stations, such as fast fading, slow fading and long-term fading. At thereceiving station22, reference data is modulated and spread by a modulation and spreadingdevice48 to produce a reference RF signal. The reference RF signal is radiated by theantenna40 or antenna array to the transmittingstation20 through thewireless radio interface38, (step64). For uplink power control for a third generation partnership project 3GPP TDD/CDMA system, the preferred reference channel is the primary common control physical channel (P-CCPCH), the secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH), or the forward access channel (FACH). This invention can use as a reference channel any physical channel with known transmit power.
• The transmittingstation20 receives the reference signal using itsantenna36 or antenna array, (step60). A reference signalpower measurement device34 measures the power level of the received reference signal, (step62). Using the measured reference signal power, apathloss determination device32 determines the pathloss for the reference signal, (step64). The transmission power level of the reference signal may be known a priori by the transmittingstation20, or may be signaled to the transmittingstation20, such as by using a broadcast channel (BCH). The pathloss is determined by subtracting the received power level from the transmitted power level.
• When there are no pauses in transmission from either the transmittingstation20 or receivingstation22, the transmitpower control device28 determines the transmit power level using a closed loop algorithm. The TPC is received by a TPC receive andjudgment device30 and the value of the TPC is determined. Using the determined value for the TPC, the transmission power level is either increased or decreased by the transmitpower control device28 by a fixed amount, such as 1 dB. The transmitpower control device28 sets the power level of the transmitted RF signal by adjusting a gain of theamplifier26. When there is a pause in transmission of the dedicated channel from either the transmittingstation20 or the receivingstation22, the transmission power level is set using the closed loop transmission power level prior to the pause, a pathloss estimate prior to the pause and a recent path loss estimate derived from a reference signal, (step66). The common channel (P-CCPCH) is always sent.
• When the receivingstation22 pauses its transmissions which carry the transmit power commands (TPCs), the transmitpower control device28 ignores any dummy TPCs which may be generated by the receiver. One method for determining the transmission power level of the transmittingstation20 for either a TDD/CDMA or TD-SCDMA communication system is set forth in Equation 1.
• 
  P(k)=P_beforeDTX+L_beforeDTX−L(k);  Equation 1
• where P(k) is the transmission power level in dBm in the k^thframe or sub-frame in the pause; P_beforeDTXis the transmission power in dBm in the last frame before the pause (the discontinued transmission); L_beforeDTXis the pathloss in dB in the last frame or sub-frame before the pause; and L(k) is the pathloss in dB in the k^thframe or sub-frame during the pause.
• The change in pathloss, L_beforeDTX−L(k), is an indication of the change in the channel conditions. By adjusting the power level just prior to the pause by the change in pathloss, the new transmission power level compensates for the changes in the channel conditions.
• Alternately, Equation 1 can be expressed such as per Equation 2:
• 
  P(k)=P(k−1)+L(k−1)−L(k);  Equation 2
• where P(k−1) is the transmission power level in dBm in the (k−1)th frame or sub-frame in the pause; L(k−1) is the pathloss in dB in the (k−1)th frame or sub-frame during the pause.
• Preferably, to better reflect the quality of the pathloss estimates, the pathloss estimates are weighted against a long term pathloss estimate, L_Oto produce a weighted pathloss. As time passes, the accuracy of the most current estimate diminishes and the long term pathloss L₀becomes a better estimate of the true pathloss. As the most current pathloss estimate becomes stale, the long term pathloss is given more weight. An example of weighted pathloss and can be seen in Equation 3:
• 
  L_w(k)=αL(k)+(1−α)L_O;  Equation 3
• where L_w(k) is the weighted pathloss in dB in the k^thframe or sub-frame during the pause; L (k) is the pathloss in dB in the k^thframe or sub-frame during the pause; L_Ois the long term pathloss; and α is a weighting factor which is 0<=α<=1. For time slot based communication systems, such as TDD/CDMA and TD-SCDMA, α is based on the number of time slots, ΔTS, between the time that the pathloss in the last frame or sub-frame before the pause was estimated and the time that the pathloss in the k^thframe or sub-frame during the pause is estimated, such as per Equation 4:
• $\begin{array}{cc}\alpha =\exp \left(-\frac{\Delta \mathrm{TS}}{C}\right);& \mathrm{Equation}4\end{array}$
• where C is the constant representing the degree of a weighting.
• The preferred equation for determining the transmission power level for either a TDD/CDMA or TD-SCDMA communication system, when there is a pause in transmission from the transmittingstation20 is illustrated by Equation 5:
• 
  P_afterDTX=P_beforeDTX+L_beforeDTX−L_lastDTX;  Equation 5
• where P_afterDTXis the initial transmission power level in dBm after the pause. P_beforeDTXis the transmission power in dBm in the last frame before the pause. L_beforeDTXis the pathloss in dB in the last frame or sub-frame before the pause. L_lastDTXis the pathloss in dB in the last frame during the pause. In this case, the transmitpower control device28 ignores any dummy TPCs it receives.
• To better reflect the quality of the pathloss estimates, preferably, the pathloss estimates are weighted against a long term pathloss estimate L₀such as per Equation 2.

Claims (16)

1. A method of adaptive power control for a transmitting station, the method comprising:

transmitting a data signal during a first time period;

receiving a transmit power command during the first time period;

receiving a reference data signal during a second time period, wherein the data signal is not transmitted during the second time period;

using the received transmit power command to adjust a transmitting power of the transmitting station during the first time period; and

using the received reference data signal to adjust the transmitting power of the transmitting station during the second time period.

2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the received transmit power command is based on a power level of the data signal transmitted during the first time period.

3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the reference data signal is received on one of a primary common control physical channel (P-CCPCH), a secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH) and a forward access channel (FACH).

4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the using the received reference data signal to adjust a transmitting power of the transmitting station during the second time period comprises:

measuring a path loss estimate of the reference data signal; and

adjusting the transmitting power of the transmitting station using the measured path loss estimate.

5. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the path loss estimate comprises radio channel conditions between the transmitting and receiving stations, including at least one of fast fading, slow fading and long-term fading.

6. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the measuring the path loss estimate comprises:

measuring a power level of the reference data signal; and

subtracting the measured power level from a power level of the reference data signal when transmitted to obtain the path loss estimate.

7. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the power level of the reference data signal when transmitted is known apriori by the transmit station.

8. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the power level of the reference data signal when transmitted is received from an external source.

9. A transmitting station comprising:

an antenna configured to transmit a data signal during a first time period, to receive a transmit power command during the first time period, and to receive a reference data signal during a second time period, wherein the data signal is not transmitted during the second time period; and

a transmit power control device configured to adjust a transmitting power of the transmitting station using the reference data signal during the second time period and to adjust the transmitting power of the transmitting station using the received transmit power command during the first time period.

10. The transmitting station ofclaim 9, wherein the received transmit power command is based on a power level of the data signal transmitted during the first time period.

11. The transmitting station ofclaim 9, wherein the reference data signal is received on one of a primary common control physical channel (P-CCPCH), a secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH) and a forward access channel (FACH).

12. The transmitting station ofclaim 9, further comprising a path loss determination unit configured to measure a path loss estimate of the reference data signal,

wherein the transmit power control unit is further configured to adjust the transmitting power of the transmitting station using the measured path loss estimate.

13. The transmitting station ofclaim 12, wherein the path loss estimate comprises radio channel conditions between the transmitting and receiving stations, including at least one of fast fading, slow fading and long-term fading.

14. The transmitting station ofclaim 12, wherein the path loss determination unit is further configured to measure the path loss estimate by measuring a power level of the reference data signal and subtracting the measured power level from a power level of the reference data signal when transmitted to obtain the path loss estimate.

15. The transmitting station ofclaim 14, wherein the power level of the reference data signal when transmitted is known a priori by the transmit station.

16. The transmitting station ofclaim 14, wherein the power level of the reference data signal is received from an external source.

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