US20090116561A1 - Digital broadcasting transmission system, and a signal processing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A digital broadcasting transmission system, and a signal processing method thereof, includes a parity area generating unit preparing a first area for parity insertion with respect to a dual transport stream (TS) which includes a normal stream and a turbo stream as multiplexed, a first interleaver interleaving the dual TS which is transmitted from the parity area generating unit, a turbo processing unit detecting the turbo stream from the interleaved dual TS, exclusively encoding the detected turbo stream for turbo-processing, and stuffing the encoded turbo stream into the dual TS, a deinterleaver deinterleaving the dual TS which is processed by the turbo processing unit, and a transmitting unit transmitting the dual TS which is processed at the deinterleaver.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/416,259, filed on May 3, 2006, now pending, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/724,786, filed on Oct. 11, 2005 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and Korean Patent Application No. 2005-113662, filed on Nov. 25, 2005 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention
• Aspects of the invention relate to a method for turbo processing and transmitting a digital broadcasting transport stream, a digital broadcasting transmission system, and a method of processing signals thereof. More particularly, aspects of the invention relate to a method for turbo processing and transmitting a digital broadcasting transport stream to enhance reception performance of a terrestrial-wave digital television (DTV) system in the U.S. in accordance with the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) vestigial sideband (VSB) transmission system through information exchange and mapping with respect to a dual transport stream (TS) which includes normal data and turbo data, and a digital broadcasting transmission system.
• 2. Description of the Related Art
• The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) vestigial sideband (VSB) transmission system, which is used in a terrestrial-wave digital television (DTV) system in the U.S., is a single-carrier system that transmits one field synchronization (sync) segment for each unit of 312 data segments. Therefore, reception performance of the ATSC VSB system is inferior over weak channels, especially over a Doppler-fading channel.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ATSC VSB digital broadcasting transceiver of the related art. The digital broadcasting transceiver shown inFIG. 1 is configured in accordance with an enhanced VSB (E-VSB) system proposed by Phillips, and produces and transmits a dual stream configured by adding enhanced or robust data to normal data of the standard ATSC VSB system.
• As shown inFIG. 1, a digital broadcasting transmitter includes arandomizer11, a Reed-Solomon (RS)encoder12 having a concatenated encoder form adding parity bytes to a dual transport stream to enable errors generated by channel impairments during transmission to be corrected during reception, aninterleaver13 interleaving the RS-encoded data according to a predetermined pattern, and a ⅔rate trellis encoder14 performing trellis-encoding at a rate of ⅔ with respect to the interleaved data and mapping the interleaved data to 8-level symbols. With this structure, the digital broadcasting transmitter performs error-correction encoding with respect to the dual stream.
• The digital broadcasting transmitter further includes amultiplexer15 inserting field synchronization (sync) and segment sync in the error-correction encoded data according to a data format shown inFIG. 2, and amodulator16 inserting a pilot by adding a predetermined direct current (DC) value to the data symbols and the inserted segment sync and field sync, amplitude-modulating the resulting signal onto an intermediate frequency (IF) carrier, filtering the resulting IF signal to produce a vestigial sideband (VSB) signal, up-converting the VSB signal to a radio-frequency (RF) signal having a frequency of a desired channel, and transmitting the RF signal through the channel.
• Accordingly, in the digital broadcasting transmitter, the normal data and the enhanced or robust data are multiplexed according to the dual stream system that transmits the normal data and the enhanced or robust data on one channel and are inputted to therandomizer11. The inputted data is randomized by therandomizer11, and the randomized data is outer-encoded by theRS encoder12 which is an outer encoder. Theinterleaver13 distributes the encoded data according to the predetermined pattern. The interleaved data is inner-encoded by thetrellis encoder14 in 12-symbol units. The inner-encoded data is mapped to 8-level symbols. The field sync and the segment sync are inserted in the mapped data. The pilot is inserted and the VSB modulation is performed. The VSB signal is up-converted to the RF signal, and the RF signal is transmitted through the channel.
• A digital broadcasting receiver shown inFIG. 1 includes a tuner (not shown) converting the RF signal received through the channel to a baseband signal, ademodulator21 performing synchronization detection and demodulation with respect to the baseband signal, anequalizer22 compensating for channel distortion generated by multiple transmission paths with respect to the demodulated signal, a Viterbidecoder23 correcting errors of the equalized signal and decoding the error-corrected signal to symbol data, adeinterleaver24 rearranging the symbol data according to the predetermined pattern by which data was distributed by theinterleaver13 of the digital broadcasting transmitter, anRS decoder25 correcting errors, and aderandomizer26 derandomizing the data corrected by theRS decoder25 and outputting an MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group) transport stream. Therefore, the digital broadcasting receiver ofFIG. 1 down-converts the RF signal to the baseband signal in a reverse order relative to the digital broadcasting transmitter, demodulates and equalizes the converted signal, and performs channel-decoding, thereby recovering the original signal.
• FIG. 2 shows a VSB data frame where the segment sync and the field sync are inserted according to an 8-VSB system which is used in the DTV system in the U.S. As shown inFIG. 2, one frame includes two fields. One field includes one field sync segment which is a first segment of the field, and 312 data segments. In the VSB data frame, one segment corresponding to one MPEG-2 packet comprises a 4-symbol segment sync and 828 data symbols. The segment sync and the field sync inFIG. 2 are used for synchronization and equalization in the digital broadcasting receiver. More specifically, the segment sync and the field sync, which are known to the digital broadcasting transmitter and receiver, are used as reference signals when the receiver performs synchronization and equalization. The U.S. terrestrial-wave digital broadcasting system ofFIG. 1 is configured to produce and transmit the dual stream by adding the enhanced or robust data to the normal data of the ATSC VSB system of the related art. Therefore, the U.S. terrestrial-wave digital broadcasting system transmits the enhanced or robust data as well as the normal data.
• Although the enhanced or robust data is transmitted in the dual stream in addition to the normal data, inferior reception performance due to multipath channel distortion caused by transmission of the normal data stream is not remarkably improved. In fact, almost no improvement in the reception performance is obtained by the improved normal data stream. Moreover, reception performance is not much improved with respect to the enhanced or robust stream, either.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• Accordingly, an aspect of the invention is to provide a method for turbo processing and transmitting a digital broadcasting transport stream to enhance reception performance of a terrestrial-wave digital television (DTV) in the US in accordance with the advanced television system committee (ATSC) vestigial sideband (VSB) through information exchange and mapping with respect to a dual transport stream (TS) which includes normal data and turbo data, a digital broadcasting transmission system, and a signal-processing method thereof.
• The above aspects and/or other features of the invention can substantially be achieved by providing a method of processing digital broadcasting signal, comprising: preparing a first area for parity insertion with respect to a dual transport stream (TS) which includes a normal stream and a turbo stream as multiplexed; interleaving the dual TS which includes the first area for parity insertion therein; detecting the turbo stream from the interleaved dual TS, exclusively encoding the detected turbo stream, and stuffing the encoded turbo stream in the dual TS for robust processing; and deinterleaving the turbo-processed dual TS.
• According to an aspect of the invention, further comprising multiplexing the normal stream and the turbo stream to generate the dual TS.
• According to an aspect of the invention, before preparing the first area for parity insertion, randomizing the dual TS may be also provided.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the generating the dual TS comprises: preparing a second area for parity insertion with respect to the turbo stream; and generating the dual TS by multiplexing the turbo stream having the second area for parity insertion therein with the normal stream.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the generating the dual TS further comprises: performing Reed-Solomon encoding with respect to an externally-received turbo stream; and interleaving the turbo stream.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the detecting the turbo stream comprises: detecting the turbo stream by demultiplexing the dual TS which is interleaved; encoding the turbo stream by inserting a parity with respect to the detected turbo stream into the second area for parity insertion; interleaving the encoded turbo stream; and structuring the dual TS by multiplexing the interleaved turbo stream, and the normal stream multiplexed from the dual TS.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the detecting the turbo stream comprises further comprises: converting the basic unit of the interleaved dual TS from byte to symbol; and converting the basic unit of the structured dual TS structured from symbol to byte.
• According to an aspect of the invention, further comprising transmitting the deinterleaved dual TS.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the transmitting the dual TS comprises: encoding, by inserting a parity with respect to the deinterleaved dual TS into the first area for parity insertion; interleaving the encoded dual TS; trellis-encoding the interleaved dual TS; multiplexing, by adding a synchronous signal to the trellis-encoded dual TS; and channel-modulating the multiplexed dual TS and transmitting the resultant stream.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises a field containing a plurality of consecutive packets, and the turbo stream is arranged in the packets of the field at predetermined packet intervals.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises a field containing a plurality of consecutive packets, and an option field recording a predetermined type of packet information therein, is arranged in the packet which is located in a predetermined position on the field without overlapping with the turbo stream.
• According to an aspect of the invention, the option field comprises at least one of a program clock reference (PCR), an original program clock reference (OPCR), a splice countdown which indicates a number of macro blocks, a transport private data length and an adaptation field extension length.
• The dual TS comprises a field containing a plurality of consecutive packets, and the turbo stream and the normal stream are arranged in the plurality of packets, respectively.
• According to one aspect of the invention, a method of processing digital broadcasting signal may be provided, comprising: inserting an additional reference signal to a stuffing area of a dual transport stream (TS) which includes a normal stream and a turbo stream as multiplexed; preparing a first area for parity insertion with respect to the dual TS; interleaving the dual TS having the first insertion for parity insertion therein; detecting the turbo stream from the interleaved dual TS, exclusively encoding the detected turbo stream for robust processing, and stuffing the encoded turbo stream into the dual TS; and deinterleaving the dual TS which has the encoded turbo stream stuffed therein.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises transmitting the deinterleaved dual TS.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises multiplexing the normal stream and the turbo stream to generate the dual TS, and preparing the stuffing area in the dual TS, may be also provided.
• According to one aspect of the invention, before the inserting the additional reference signal, the method further comprises randomizing the dual TS which has the stuffing area therein.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the multiplexing comprises preparing a second area for parity insertion with respect to the turbo stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the multiplexing further comprises: Reed-Solomon encoding with respect to an externally-received turbo stream; and Interleaving the turbo stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the detecting the turbo stream comprises: detecting the turbo stream by demultiplexing the interleaved dual TS; encoding the turbo stream by inserting a parity with respect to the detected turbo stream into the second area for parity insertion; interleaving the encoded turbo stream; and structuring the dual TS by multiplexing the interleaved turbo stream and the demultiplexed normal stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the detecting the turbo stream comprises converting the basic unit of the interleaved dual TS from byte to symbol, and detects the turbo stream by demultiplexing.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the structuring the dual TS structures comprises multiplexing the interleaved turbo stream and the demultiplexed normal stream, and converting the basic unit of the dual TS from symbol to byte.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises: encoding, by inserting a parity with respect to the deinterleaved dual TS into the first area for parity insertion; interleaving the encoded dual TS; trellis-encoding the interleaved dual TS; multiplexing, by adding a synchronous signal to the trellis-encoded dual TS; and channel-modulating the multiplexed dual TS and transmitting the resultant stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the trellis-encoding further comprises initializing the trellis-encoder to a predetermined value.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the method further comprises generating a compatible parity, using the parity-added dual TS and the trellis-encoded dual TS; and recording the compatible parity in a location of the dual TS which corresponds to the parity added.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS is in the form of a frame comprising a plurality of consecutive packets, each packet comprising an adaptation field, and the stuffing area is at least a part of the adaptation field.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises the turbo stream arranged in the packets of the frame at predetermined packet intervals.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises an option field arranged in the packet located in a predetermined position of the field which does not overlap with the turbo stream, and the stuffing area is at least a part of the adaptation field excluding the option field.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the option field comprises at least one of a program clock reference (PCR), an original program clock reference (OPCR), a splice countdown which indicates a number of macro blocks, a transport private data length and an adaptation field extension length.
• According to one aspect of the invention, a digital broadcasting transmission system comprises a parity area generating unit preparing a first area for parity insertion with respect to a dual transport stream (TS) which includes a normal stream and a turbo stream as multiplexed; a first interleaver interleaving the dual TS which is transmitted from the parity area generating unit; a turbo processing unit detecting the turbo stream from the interleaved dual TS, exclusively encoding the detected turbo stream for turbo-processing, and stuffing the encoded turbo stream into the dual TS; a deinterleaver deinterleaving the dual TS which is processed by the turbo processing unit; and a transmitting unit transmitting the dual TS which is processed at the deinterleaver.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the system further includes a TS structure unit generating the dual TS by multiplexing the normal stream and the turbo stream; and a randomizing unit randomizing the dual TS which is generated at the TS structure unit, and providing the generated dual TS to the parity area generating unit.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the TS structure unit comprises: a duplicator preparing a second area for parity insertion with respect to the turbo stream; and a service MUX multiplexing the turbo stream which is processed at the duplicator, and the normal stream, and outputting the resultant stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the TS structure unit further comprises: a first Reed-Solomon encoder encoding an externally-received turbo stream, and providing the resultant stream to the duplicator; and a pre-interleaver interleaving the turbo stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the turbo processing unit comprises: a de-MUX demultiplexing the dual TS which is interleaved in the first interleaver and detecting the turbo stream; a turbo encoder encoding the turbo stream by inserting a parity with respect to the turbo stream which is detected by the de-MUX, into the second area for parity insertion; a turbo interleaver interleaving the turbo stream which is processed at the turbo encoder; and a turbo data MUX structuring a dual transport stream (TS) by multiplexing the turbo stream which is processed at the turbo interleaver, and the normal stream which is demultiplexed at the de-MUX.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the turbo processing unit further comprises: a byte/symbol converting unit converting the basic unit from byte to symbol with respect to the dual TS which is processed at the first interleaver, and providing the converted stream to the de-MUX; and a symbol/byte converting unit converting the basic unit from symbol to byte with respect to the dual TS which is structured by the turbo data MUX.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the transmission unit comprises: a second Reed-Solomon encoder inserting a parity with respect to the dual TS, which is processed at the deinterleaver, into the first area for parity insertion; a second interleaver interleaving the dual TS which is encoded at the second Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder; a trellis-encoder trellis-encoding the dual TS which is interleaved by the second interleaver; a MUX adding a synchronous signal to the trellis-encoded dual TS; and a modulating unit channel-modulating the multiplexed dual TS and transmitting the modulated signal.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises a field containing a plurality of packets, and the turbo stream is arranged in the packets of the field at predetermined packet intervals.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises an option field recording a predetermined type of packet information therein, which is arranged in the packet at a predetermined position of the field which does not overlap with the turbo stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises a field containing a plurality of consecutive packets, and the turbo stream and the normal stream are arranged in the plurality of packets, respectively.
• According to one aspect of the invention, a digital broadcasting transmission system comprises an additional reference signal inserting unit receiving a dual transport stream (TS) including a normal stream and a turbo stream as multiplexed, and inserting an additional reference signal in a stuffing area provided in the dual TS; a parity area generating unit preparing a first area for parity insertion with respect to the dual TS; a first interleaver interleaving the dual TS which is transmitted from the parity area generating unit; a turbo processing unit detecting the turbo stream from the interleaved dual TS, exclusively encoding the detected turbo stream for robust processing, and stuffing the encoded turbo stream in the dual TS; a deinterleaver deinterleaving the dual TS which is processed at the turbo processing unit; and a transmitting unit transmitting the dual TS which is processed at the deinterleaver.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the transmission system further includes a transport stream (TS) structure unit generating the dual TS by multiplexing the normal stream and the turbo stream, and preparing the stuffing area in the dual TS; and a randomizing unit randomizing the dual TS provided from the TS structure unit and providing the randomized stream to the additional reference signal inserting unit, may also be provided.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the TS structure unit comprises: a duplicator preparing a second area for parity insertion with respect to the turbo stream; and a service MUX multiplexing the turbo stream and the normal stream which are processed at the duplicator, preparing the stuffing area, and outputting the resultant stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the TS structure unit further comprises: a first Reed-Solomon encoder performing Reed-Solomon encoding with respect to an externally-received turbo stream and providing the resultant stream to the duplicator; and a pre-interleaver interleaving the turbo stream.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the turbo processing unit comprises: a de-MUX demultiplexing the dual TS which is processed at the first interleaver and detecting the turbo stream; a turbo encoder inserting a parity with respect to the detected turbo stream into the second area for parity insertion, and encoding the turbo stream; a turbo interleaver interleaving the turbo stream which is processed at the turbo encoder; and a turbo data MUX structuring the dual TS by multiplexing the turbo stream processed at the turbo interleaver, and the normal stream processed at the de-MUX.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the turbo processing unit further comprises: a byte/symbol converting unit converting the basic unit from byte to symbol with respect to the dual TS which is processed at the first interleaver, and providing the converted stream to the de-MUX; and a symbol/byte converting unit converting the basic unit from symbol to byte with respect to the dual TS, which is structured by the turbo data MUX.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the transmitting unit comprises: a second Reed-Solomon encoder inserting a parity with respect to the dual TS, which is processed at the deinterleaver, into the first area for parity insertion; a second interleaver interleaving the dual TS which is encoded by the second Reed-Solomon encoder; a trellis-encoder trellis-encoding the dual TS which is interleaved by the second interleaver; a MUX adding a synchronous signal to the trellis-encoded dual TS; and a modulating unit channel-modulating the multiplexed dual TS.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the trellis-encoder initializes to a preset value before trellis-encoding the additional reference signal contained in the dual TS which is interleaved by the second interleaver.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the system further includes a compatible parity generating unit generating a compatible parity using the dual TS which is encoded by the trellis-encoder, and the dual TS added with the parity by the second Reed-Solomon encoder, may be also provided.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the trellis-encoder receives the compatible parity and records the received compatible parity in a position of the dual TS which corresponds to the parity added to the dual TS by the second Reed-Solomon encoder.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS comprises a frame containing a plurality of consecutive packets, with each packet comprising an adaptation field, and the stuffing area is at least a part of the adaptation field.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the dual TS includes the turbo stream arranged in the packets of the frame at predetermined packet intervals.
• The dual TS comprises an option field arranged in the packet at a location of the adaptation field which does not overlap with the turbo stream, and the stuffing area is at least a part of the adaptation field excluding the option field.
• According to one aspect of the invention, the option field comprises at least one of a program clock reference (PCR), an original program clock reference (OPCR), a splice countdown which indicates a number of macro blocks, a transport private data length and an adaptation field extension length.
• Additional aspects and/or advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• These and/or other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of which:
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a digital broadcasting transceiver of the related art according to the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) vestigial sideband (VSB) system;
• FIG. 2 shows an exemplary frame structure of a VSB data frame used in the digital broadcasting transceiver of the related art shown inFIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a digital broadcasting transmission system according to an embodiment of the invention;
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram provided to explain in detail the structure of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 3;
• FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a transport stream (TS) constructing unit of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 4;
• FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing in detail the structure of a transmitting unit of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 4;
• FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of a turbo processing unit of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 4;
• FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the structure of a turbo encoder of the turbo processing unit ofFIG. 7;
• FIGS. 9A through 9H show exemplary structures of a dual transport stream packet of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 4;
• FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a digital broadcasting transmission system that transmits a supplementary reference sequence (SRS) according to an embodiment of the invention;
• FIGS. 11A through 11H show exemplary structures of a dual transport stream packet including the supplementary reference sequence (SRS) of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 10;
• FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a signal processing method in the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 6; and
• FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a signal processing method in the turbo processing unit ofFIG. 7.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
• Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. The embodiments are described below in order to explain the invention by referring to the figures. The specific structures and elements in the following description are merely to assist in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the invention. Thus, it is apparent that the invention can be implemented without using these specific structures and elements. Also, well-known functions, structures, and elements have not been described in detail in the following description to avoid obscuring the invention with unnecessary details.
• The following description presumes a familiarity with the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) Digital Television (DTV) System which incorporates aspects of the MPEG-2 system, details of which are described in the corresponding standards. Examples of such standards which may be relevant are ATSC A/52B, Digital Audio Compression Standard (AC-3, E-AC-3), Revision B, 14 Jun. 2005; ATSC A/53E, ATSC Digital Television Standard (A/53), Revision E, 27 Dec. 2005; ATSC A/54A, Recommended Practice: Guide to the Use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard, 4 Dec. 2003; ISO/IEC IS 13818-1:2000(E), Information technology—Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems (second edition) (MPEG-2); and ISO/IEC IS 13818-2:2000(E), Information technology—Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video (second edition) (MPEG-2), the contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. However, it is understood that aspects of the invention can be implemented according to other standards and systems without restriction. Moreover, the following description uses the terms “turbo” and “turbo data” which are represented in some of the drawings by the terms “robust” and “robust data”.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a digital broadcasting transmission system according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 3, the digital broadcasting transmission system includes a parityarea generating unit110, afirst interleaver120, aturbo processing unit130, adeinterleaver140, and a transmittingunit150. The parityarea generating unit110 provides an area for the insertion of parity bytes in a dual transport stream (TS), which includes a normal stream and a turbo stream. In other words, the parity is computed with respect to the dual TS, and inserted (that is, recorded in bits) into the parity area. The parity area provided by the parityarea generating unit110 will be called “a first parity insertion area” in the following description.
• Thefirst interleaver120 interleaves the dual TS which has an area provided by the parityarea generating unit110 for parity insertion. Theturbo processing unit130 detects the turbo stream included in the interleaved dual TS, turbo-processes the detected turbo TS, and stuffs the dual TS. While not required in all aspects, it is understood that the turbo processing of theturbo processing unit130 may include encoding processes such as convolution encoding with respect to the turbo TS to make the data turbo.
• Thedeinterleaver140 deinterleaves the dual TS outputted from theturbo processing unit130. The transmittingunit200 transmits the dual TS after it has been processed in thedeinterleaver140. The structure of the transmittingunit200 will be described below in detail.
• According to the embodiment shown inFIG. 3, a turbo stream, which has been treated with a separate turbo processing, is transmitted together with the normal stream. Therefore, reception performance under multipath conditions or in a mobile environment improves, and at the same time, compatibility with existing normal stream transmission/reception system is provided. It is further understood that the turbo data can be various forms of data, such as audio, video, computer software, game data, music, shopping information, internet data, text, voice data, and other types of data transmitted in addition to the normal data. Additionally, the normal data can include other data in addition to or instead of the audio-video data used in digital broadcasting according to aspects of the invention.
• The digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 3 will be explained in greater detail below with reference to the block diagram ofFIG. 4. Referring toFIG. 4, the digital broadcasting transmission system further includes a transport stream (TS)generating unit300 and arandomizer unit150. TheTS generating unit300 generates a dual TS by receiving a normal stream and a turbo stream, processing the turbo stream, and multiplexing the normal stream and the processed turbo stream. While not required in all aspects, the normal stream and the turbo stream may be received from an external module such as a broadcasting camera, or internal modules such as compression module such as MPEG-2 module, a video encoder, and an audio encoder.
• Therandomizer unit150 randomizes the dual TS generated by theTS generating unit300 and provides it to the parityarea generating unit110. Accordingly, the parityarea generating unit110 provides a parity area for the dual TS. Since the elements inFIG. 4 other than theTS generating unit300 and therandomizer unit150 are same in function as those of the above-described embodiment ofFIG. 3, additional description will be omitted for the sake of brevity.
• An exemplary structure of theTS generating unit300 will be described below with reference toFIG. 5. TheTS generating unit300 includes a first Reed-Solomon encoder310, a pre-interleaver320, aduplicator330, and a service MUX (multiplexer)340. Although the example shown inFIG. 5 uses the first Reed-Solomon encoder310 and the pre-interleaver320, these can be omitted or replaced with other elements (not shown). It is preferable, but not required, that the first Reed-Solomon encoder310, when used, be used together with the pre-interleaver320. The position of the pre-interleaver320 is interchangeable with that of theduplicator330.
• The first Reed-Solomon encoder310 performs encoding by adding parity bytes to the received turbo stream. The pre-interleaver320 interleaves the turbo stream having the added parity bytes. Theduplicator330 provides a parity area with respect to the interleaved turbo stream. The parity area provided by theduplicator330 will be called a “second parity area” in the following description.
• In order to provide the second parity area, the byte, which is the basic unit of the turbo stream, is divided into two or four bytes. A part of bits of one byte, and null data such as 0, are then stuffed in each of the bytes. The area stuffed with the null data becomes the parity area.
• Theservice MUX340 multiplexes the normal stream which is separately received with the turbo stream processed in theduplicator330. As the dual TS is generated, theservice MUX340 provides the dual TS to therandomizer unit150.
• An exemplary structure of the transmittingunit200 of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 4 will be explained below with reference to the block diagram ofFIG. 6. As shown inFIG. 6, the transmittingunit200 includes a second Reed-Solomon encoder210, asecond interleaver220, atrellis encoder230, aMUX240, and amodulator250. The second Reed-Solomon encoder210 encodes the dual TS received from thedeinterleaver140 by adding the parity bytes to the dual TS. More specifically, the second Reed-Solomon encoder210 inserts parity bytes computed with respect to the dual TS in the first parity area provided by the parityarea generating unit110.
• Thesecond interleaver220 interleaves the dual TS having the added parity bytes added by the second Reed-Solomon encoder210. Thetrellis encoder230 encodes the dual TS after the dual TS is interleaved by thesecond interleaver220. TheMUX240 multiplexes the dual TS after the trellis encoding by adding segment sync and field sync to the dual TS. Themodulator250 modulates channel of the dual TS after the multiplexing, and up-converts into a signal of RF channel band. Accordingly, the dual TS is transmitted to a variety of reception systems via the channel. Although not shown inFIG. 6 and while not required in all aspects, thetransmission unit200 may additionally include general components for the signal transmission, such as a power amplifier (not shown) which amplifies the power of the modulated signal of themodulator250, and an antenna (not shown), and may further include elements used to broadcast within cable, internet, and/or satellite systems and media through which digital broadcasts can be implemented.
• An exemplary structure of theturbo processing unit130 of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 4 will be explained below with reference to the block diagram ofFIG. 7. With reference toFIG. 7, theturbo processing unit130 includes a byte/symbol converting unit131, a de-MUX132, aturbo encoder133, aturbo interleaver134, aturbo data MUX135, and a symbol/byte converting unit136. The byte/symbol converting unit131, thede-MUX132, theturbo data MUX135, and the symbol/byte converting unit136 may be omitted, or replaced with other components in other aspects of the invention.
• The byte/symbol converting unit131 converts the basic unit of the interleaved dual TS of thefirst interleaver120 from bytes to symbols. Conversion of the basic unit from byte to symbol will be easily understood with reference to the table D5.2 of U.S. ATSC DTV standard (A/53), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
• The de-MUX132 demultiplexes the dual TS of symbol unit to recover the turbo stream. Theturbo encoder133 computes parity bytes with respect to the detected turbo stream, and encodes the turbo stream by stuffing the second parity area with the computed parity bytes. In this particular example, theturbo encoder133 performs encoding in the unit of each byte of the turbo stream. However, it is understood that other units can be used.
• The turbo interleaver134 interleaves the turbo stream which is convolution-encoded. In this example, theturbo interleaver134 interleaves in the unit of bit. Theturbo data MUX135 generates a dual TS by multiplexing the interleaved turbo stream and the normal stream. More specifically, theturbo data MUX135 constructs a dual TS by stuffing the turbo stream to the place before it is detected by thede-MUX132. The symbol/byte converting unit136 converts the basic unit of the dual TS from symbols to bytes. This conversion will be easily understood with reference to the table D5.2 of the U.S. ATSC DTV standard (A/53), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
• An example of the byte-to-symbol table of table D5.2 is as follows:

• 	Segment 0	Segment 1	Segment 2	Segment 3	Segment 4

  Symbol	Trellis	Byte	Bits	Trellis	Byte	Bits	Trellis	Byte	Bits	Trellis	Byte	Bits	Trellis	Byte	Bits
  0	0	0	7, 6	4	208	5, 4	8	412	3, 2	0	616	1, 0	4	828	7, 6
  1	1	1	7, 6	5	209	5, 4	9	413	3, 2	1	617	1, 0	5	829	7, 6
  2	2	2	7, 6	6	210	5, 4	10	414	3, 2	2	618	1, 0	6	830	7, 6
  3	3	3	7, 6	7	211	5, 4	11	415	3, 2	3	619	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  4	4	4	7, 6	8	212	5, 4	0	416	3, 2	4	620	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  5	5	5	7, 6	9	213	5, 4	1	417	3, 2	5	621	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  6	6	6	7, 6	10	214	5, 4	2	418	3, 2	6	622	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  7	7	7	7, 6	11	215	5, 4	3	419	3, 2	7	623	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  8	8	8	7, 6	0	204	5, 4	4	408	3, 2	8	612	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  9	9	9	7, 6	1	205	5, 4	5	409	3, 2	9	613	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  10	10	10	7, 6	2	206	5, 4	6	410	3, 2	10	614	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  11	11	11	7, 6	3	207	5, 4	7	411	3, 2	11	615	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  12	0	0	5, 4	4	208	3, 2	8	412	1, 0	0	624	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .
  13	1	1	5, 4	5	209	3, 2	9	413	1, 0	1	625	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .
  . . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  19	7	7	5, 4	11	215	3, 2	3	419	1, 0	7	631	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .
  20	8	8	5, 4	0	204	3, 2	4	408	1, 0	8	632	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .
  21	9	9	5, 4	1	205	3, 2	5	409	1, 0	9	633	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .
  22	10	10	5, 4	2	206	3, 2	6	410	1, 0	10	634	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .
  23	11	11	5, 4	3	207	3, 2	7	411	1, 0	11	635	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .
  24	0	0	3, 2	4	208	1, 0	8	420	7, 6	0	624	5, 4	. . .	. . .	. . .
  25	1	1	3, 2	5	209	1, 0	9	421	7, 6	1	625	5, 4	. . .	. . .	. . .
  . . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  31	7	7	3, 2	11	215	1, 0	3	427	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  32	8	8	3, 2	0	204	1, 0	4	428	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  33	9	9	3, 2	1	205	1, 0	5	429	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  34	10	10	3, 2	2	206	1, 0	6	430	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  35	11	11	3, 2	3	207	1, 0	7	431	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  36	0	0	1, 0	4	216	7, 6	8	420	5, 4	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  37	1	1	1, 0	5	217	7, 6	9	421	5, 4	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  . . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  47	11	11	1, 0	3	227	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  48	0	12	7, 6	4	216	5, 4	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  49	1	13	7, 6	5	217	5, 4	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  . . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  95	11	23	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  96	0	24	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  97	1	25	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  . . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  767	11	191	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  768	0	192	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  769	1	193	7, 6	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  . . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  815	11	203	1, 0	3	419	7, 6	7	623	5, 4	11	827	3, 2	. . .	. . .	. . .
  816	0	204	7, 6	4	408	5, 4	8	612	3, 2	0	816	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  817	1	205	7, 6	5	409	5, 4	9	613	3, 2	1	817	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .
  . . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
  827	11	215	7, 6	3	419	5, 4	7	623	3, 2	11	827	1, 0	. . .	. . .	. . .

• An exemplary structure of theturbo encoder133 of theturbo processing unit130 ofFIG. 7 will now be explained with reference to the block diagram ofFIG. 8. According toFIG. 8, theturbo encoder133 includes a shift register having three elements D and two adders. Accordingly, theturbo encoder133 convolution-encodes the data to recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code, to insert parities in the second parity area.
• FIGS. 9A through 9H show exemplary structures of the dual TS of the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 4.FIG. 9A shows an example of a turbo stream packet received by theTS structure unit300. The turbo stream packet may comprise 188 bytes, for example. In this case, more particularly, the turbo stream packet comprises 1 byte of sync which is a header, 3 bytes of packet identity (PID), and 184 bytes of turbo data.
• FIG. 9B shows an example of a normal stream packet received by theTS structure unit300. The normal stream packet may comprise 188 bytes, more particularly, 1 byte of sync that is a header, 2 bytes of an adaptation field (AF) header, N bytes of null data, and 182-N bytes of normal data. The AF header is an area where information about an adaptation field is recorded, so it contains information such as a location, a size, and so on of the adaptation field.
• FIG. 9C shows an example of a dual TS (or, a stream packet) generated by theTS generating unit300. InFIG. 9C, a part of the turbo stream packet ofFIG. 9A is inserted in the null data of the normal stream packet ofFIG. 9B. In this embodiment, the dual TS comprises 188 bytes, more particularly, 1 byte of sync which is a header, 3 bytes of PID, 2 bytes of an AF header, N bytes of null data, and 182-N bytes of normal data which is a payload. The inserted turbo data shown inFIG. 9C may be a part of the turbo stream packet ofFIG. 9A. For example, the inserted turbo data ofFIG. 9C may be at least one of the sync, the PID, and the turbo data ofFIG. 9A.
• FIG. 9D shows a dual TS generated by theTS generating unit300 according to another embodiment of the invention. According to the embodiment shown inFIG. 9D, the dual TS includes a plurality of consecutive packets. Turbo data is arranged with respect to a predetermined number of packets. That is,FIG. 9D shows that 78-packet turbo streams are inserted in 312-segment packets of one field of the dual TS. The dual TS comprises 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo stream and 3 consecutive packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams which are repeatedly arranged at the rate of 1:3.
• In case that 70-packet turbo streams are inserted in 312-segment packets of the dual TS, the dual TS is structured in a manner that 4 packets comprising 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo streams and 3 consecutive packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams are repeatedly arranged 70 times, and the rest 32 packets comprise the normal stream packets.
• FIG. 9E shows a dual TS packet structured by theTS structure unit300, according to yet another embodiment of the invention. 88 packets of the turbo streams are inserted in 312 segments of the packets of one field of the dual TS. The dual TS is structured in a manner that 4 packets comprising 2 packets (188 bytes) of the turbo streams and 2 packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams are repeatedly arranged 10 times, and 4 packets comprising 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo stream and 3 consecutive packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams are repeatedly arranged at the rate of 1:3 as shown inFIG. 9D.
• FIG. 9F shows a dual TS structured by theTS structure unit300, according to still another embodiment of the invention, which is a combined form of the dual TS shown inFIGS. 9C and 9D. The dual TS is structured in a manner that 4 packets are repeatedly arranged, the 4 packets comprising 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo stream, 1 packet of the normal stream wherein SRS data and the turbo data are inserted in a part of the AF of the normal stream packet, and 2 packets (188 bytes) of the normal stream packets.
• FIGS. 9G-9H show the dual TS which is structured in the form of 312-segment packets. As shown inFIGS. 9G-9H, packet information, along with the turbo data and the normal data, is included in the dual TS. The packet information may be recorded in the option field. In this case, locations of option field can be designated and fixed so as not to overlap with the turbo data. InFIGS. 9G-9H, “m” denotes a possible length (byte) of the turbo data.
• According toFIGS. 9G-9H, the option fields recording the number of macro blocks (splice countdown) are arranged in thesegments11,63,115,167,219,271, while the option fields recoding program clock reference (PCR) are arranged in thesegments15,67,119.
• When dividing the 312 segments into 52-segment units, the locations of the option fields can be expressed as follows:
• • Program clock reference (PCR) (using 6 bytes): 52n+15, n=0;
  • Original program clock reference (OPCR) (using 6 bytes): 52n+15, n=1;
  • Adaptation field extension length (using 2 bytes): 52n+15, n=2;
  • Transport private data length (using 5 bytes): 52n+15, n=3, 4, 5; and a number of macro blocks (splice countdown) (using 1 byte): 52n+15, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
• The “transport private data length” among these, for example, exists in thesegments171,223,275. The dual TS in which the turbo data is inserted in the null data except the option fields can be structured in various ways besides the above-introduced ways. Additionally, the structural rate of the turbo data can be adjusted according to the structure of the dual TS packet.
• FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a digital broadcasting transmission system that transmits a supplementary reference sequence (SRS). While described in the context of SRS, it is understood that other training sequences and/or sets of known data can be implemented in other aspects of the invention. Referring toFIG. 10, the digital broadcasting transmission system includes aTS structure unit801 including a stuffing region to insert SRS data in respective packets of the dual TS, arandomizer803 randomizing the dual TS packet (hereinafter, referred to as merely “packet”), a supplementary referencesequence inserting unit805 inserting the SRS data in the stuffing region of the randomized packet, a parityarea generating unit807 generating a first area for inserting a parity for error correction, afirst interleaver809 primarily interleaving the packet where the first area is generated, aturbo processing unit811 convolution-encoding and interleaving the turbo stream included in the primarily interleaved packet, adeinterleaver813 deinterleaving the packet processed by theturbo processing unit811, a Reed-Solomon (RS)encoder815 inserting the parity in the first area of the deinterleaved packet, asecond interleaver817 secondarily interleaving the packet where the parity is inserted, atrellis encoder819 trellis encoding the interleaved packet, aMUX823 multiplexing the trellis-encoded packet by adding a sync, and amodulator825 channel-modulating and transmitting the multiplexed packet. Additionally, a backwardscompatibility parity generator821 generating a compatible parity may be further included.
• Known SRS data for synchronization and/or channel equalization may be inserted in the dual TS packet received by the digital broadcasting transmission, which will be described in detail with reference toFIG. 9. TheTS structure unit801 receives the normal stream and the turbo stream and structures the dual TS packet. According to an embodiment of the invention, the dual TS packet may include a stuffing region for inserting therein the known SRS data for synchronization and/or channel equalization. TheTS structure unit801 may be constructed in the same way as explained above with reference toFIG. 5, and therefore, description thereof will be omitted for the sake of brevity. If theTS structure unit801 includes the first Reed-Solomon encoder310 as in the above embodiment shown inFIG. 5, the Reed-Solomon encoder815 ofFIG. 10 will be called as a second Reed-Solomon encoder for the convenience in explanation.
• The stuffing region for inserting therein the known SRS data for synchronization and/or channel equalization will now be described. The stuffing region may be a part of the packet including a header and a payload. More particularly, the packet further includes an adaptation field (AF). The stuffing region as part of the AF is positioned not to be overlapped with the option field included in the AF. The option field comprises a program clock reference (PCR) used for synchronization of a demodulator of a receiver, an original PCR (OPCR) used for recording, reservation, and reproduction of a program in the receiver, four circuit blocks, the number of macro blocks (splice countdown) denoting the number of consecutive macro blocks comprising one Cr block and one Cb block, transport private data length denoting length of text data for teletext broadcasting, and AF extension length.
• According to an embodiment of the invention, the AF of the packet may further include a stuffing region for inserting therein data for initializing thetrellis encoder809 that will be described hereinafter. Therandomizer803 randomizes the packet including the stuffing region.
• TheSRS inserting unit805 inserts the SRS data in the stuffing region of the randomized packet. Here, the SRS data is a reference signal, that is, specific sequence data having a pattern predetermined by the transmitter and the receiver. Since the SRS data is different from general payload data transceiving the pattern of the reference signal, the SRS data can be detected easily from general packets to be transmitted and thereby used for synchronization of the receiver and/or channel equalization. The insertion of the SRS data in the stuffing region can be controlled by a predetermined controlling signal.
• The parityarea generating unit807 generates a first area for inserting the parity for error correction in the packet where the SRS data is inserted. As shown, the first area is for inserting therein the parity added by theRS encoder815. Thefirst interleaver809 primarily interleaves the packet where the parity area is generated. Theturbo processing unit811 convolution-encodes the turbo stream included in the primarily interleaved packet and interleaves the convolution-encoded turbo stream. Theturbo processing unit811 is configured as shown inFIG. 7 and operates in the same manner as described with reference toFIG. 7.
• Thedeinterleaver813 deinterleaves the packet output from theturbo processing unit811. TheRS encoder815 adds the parity to the deinterleaved dual TS. According to an embodiment of the invention, theRS encoder815, being structured in the form of concatenated code, inserts the parity to correct errors generated by the channel at the first area of the packet where the SRS data is inserted. Thesecond interleaver817 secondarily interleaves the packet where the parity is inserted. Thetrellis encoder819 trellis encodes the secondarily interleaved packet.
• According to an embodiment of the invention, thetrellis encoder819 can be initialized to a predetermined value right before the SRS data included in the interleaved packet is trellis-encoded. The initialization is required due to the SRS data. More specifically, thetrellis encoder819 may generate different encoded results for the same data depending on the previously encoded data. Therefore, the result of trellis encoding of the SRS data may vary according to data previous to the SRS data and in this case, the receiver cannot discriminate the SRS data. To solve such a problem, thetrellis encoder819 is initialized to the predetermined value right before trellis encoding of the SRS data. In other words, the predetermined value is trellis encoded right before the SRS data is trellis-encoded.
• Thetrellis encoder819 according to an embodiment of the invention may include i) a general mode that trellis encodes the packet interleaved by the interleaver, ii) an initialization mode that initializes thetrellis encoder819, and iii) a parity replacement mode that trellis-encodes the compatible parity substituted for the whole or a part of the parity applied by theRS encoder815. For this purpose, thetrellis encoder819 may receive a control signal from a control signal generation unit (not shown), the control signal operated in the general mode, the initialization mode, or the parity replacement mode.
• When thetrellis encoder819 receives a control signal commanding the initialization mode while operating in the general mode, thetrellis encoder819 is operated in the initialization mode. If it receives a control signal commanding the parity replacement mode while it is operating in the general mode, thetrellis encoder819 is operated in the parity replacement mode. The control signal may be supplied from the control signal generation unit (not shown) which is aware of location of the inserted SRS data, location of the inserted value for initializing thetrellis encoder819, and location for replacing the compatible parity.
• The backwards compatibilityparity generating unit821 receives the packet where the parity is added by theRS encoder815 and the packet encoded by thetrellis encoder819, and generates the compatible parity based on the received packets. More specifically, the backwards compatibilityparity generating unit821 includes a symbol decoder (not shown) receiving the packet encoded by thetrellis encoder819 and converting a symbol-mapped packet to a byte form, a deinterleaver (not shown) deinterleaving the decoded packet, and a memory (not shown) replacing at least a part of the received packet with the deinterleaved packet and storing the deinterleaved packet. Preferably, the memory (not shown) may replace and store only the different part between the received packet and the deinterleaved packet. For this, the backwards compatibilityparity generating unit821 may receive a predetermined control signal from the control signal generation unit (not shown), for example. The memory (not shown) may include an RS encoder (not shown) adding the compatible parity to the packet stored in the memory, an interleaver (not shown) interleaving the packet where the compatible parity is added, and a symbol encoder (not shown) symbol-mapping the packet in the byte form in order to transmit the interleaved packet to thetrellis encoder819.
• TheMUX823 multiplexes the trellis-encoded packet by adding the segment sync and the field sync to the trellis-encoded packet. Themodulator825 performs channel-modulation with respect to the packet where the segment sync and the field sync are added, up-converts the modulated packet to a signal of an RF channel band, and transmits the converted signals.
• FIGS. 11A through 11H show the structure of a TS packet including the SRS, according to an embodiment of the invention.FIG. 11A shows a turbo stream packet received by theTS structure unit801. The turbo stream packet (188 bytes) comprises 1 byte of sync which is a header, 3 bytes of PID, and 184 bytes of turbo data.FIG. 11B shows a normal stream packet including a stuffing region for inserting the known SRS signal for synchronization in the TS structure unit. The normal stream packet (188 bytes) comprises 1 byte of sync which is a header, 3 bytes of PID, 2 bytes of AF header, S-bytes of stuffing region, N-bytes of null data, and 182-N-S bytes of normal data which is a payload.FIG. 11C shows a dual TS packet including the stuffing region for inserting the known SRS signal for synchronization in the TS structure unit, according to an embodiment of the invention. More specifically, inFIG. 11C, part of the turbo stream packet ofFIG. 11A is inserted in the null data of the normal stream packet ofFIG. 11B, and the SRS data is inserted in the stuffing region. In this embodiment, the dual TS comprises 188 bytes, more particularly, 1 byte of sync which is a header, 3 bytes of PID, 2 bytes of AF header, S-bytes of SRS data, N-bytes of null data, and a 182-N-S bytes of normal data which is a payload.
• FIG. 11D shows a dual TS packet including the stuffing region for inserting the known SRS signal for synchronization in the TS structure unit, according to another embodiment of the invention. Differently from the dual TS packet ofFIG. 9C, 78-packet turbo streams are inserted in 312-segment packets of one field of the dual TS. The dual TS is structured in a manner that 4 packets comprising 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo stream and 3 consecutive packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams are repeatedly arranged at the rate of 1:3. When 70 packets of the turbo streams are inserted in 312 segments of the packets of the dual TS, on the other hand, the dual TS is structured in a manner that 4 packets comprising 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo streams and 3 consecutive packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams are repeatedly arranged 70 times, and the rest 32 packets comprise the normal stream packets.
• FIG. 11E shows a dual TS packet including the stuffing region for inserting the known SRS signal for synchronization in the TS structure unit, according to yet another embodiment of the invention. Differently from the dual TS packet ofFIG. 9C, 88-packet turbo streams are inserted in 312-segment packets of one field of the dual TS. The dual TS is structured in a manner that 4 packets comprising 2 packets (188 bytes) of the turbo streams and 2 packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams are repeatedly arranged 10 times, and 4 packets comprising 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo stream and 3 consecutive packets (188 bytes) of the normal streams are repeatedly arranged at the rate of 1:3 as shown inFIG. 9D.
• FIG. 11F shows a dual TS packet including the stuffing region for inserting the known SRS signal for synchronization in the TS structure unit, according to still another embodiment of the invention, which is a combined form of the dual TS packets shown inFIGS. 11C and 11D. The dual TS packet is structured in a manner that 4 packets are repeatedly arranged, the 4 packets comprising 1 packet (188 bytes) of the turbo stream, 1 packet of the normal stream wherein the SRS data and the turbo data are inserted in a part of the AF of the normal stream packet, and 2 packets (188 bytes) of the normal stream packets.
• FIGS. 11G-11H show the dual TS packet including the stuffing region for inserting the known SRS signal for synchronization in the TS structure unit, in the form of segment packets as shown inFIG. 11C. Among 312-segment packets of one field of dual TS, the turbo data is inserted in a non-option field part of the packet including data of the option field. InFIGS. 11G-11H, ‘k’ denotes a possible length (byte) of the SRS data. In addition, the turbo data is inserted next to the SRS data. Here, ‘m’ denotes a possible length (byte) of the turbo data.
• When dividing the 312 segments by 52-segment unit, location of the option field can be expressed as follows:
• Program clock reference (PCR) (using 6 bytes): 52n+15, n=0;
• Original program clock reference (OPCR) (using 6 bytes): 52n+15, n=1;
• Adaptation field extension length (using 2 bytes): 52n+15, n=2;
• Transport private data length (using 5 bytes): 52n+15, n=3, 4, 5; and
• The number of macro blocks (splice countdown) (using 1 byte): 52n+15, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
• The “transport private data length” among these, for example, exists on the location where n=3, 4, or 5.
• The dual TS in which the turbo data is inserted in the null data except the option field can be structured in various ways besides the above-introduced ways. Additionally, the structural rate of the turbo data can be adjusted according to the structure of the dual TS packet.
• FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a signal processing method in the digital broadcasting transmission system ofFIG. 6. Referring toFIG. 12 andFIG. 6, theTS structure unit300 receives the normal stream and the turbo stream, generates the second area for inserting the parity in the received turbo stream, and multiplexes the received normal stream and the turbo stream where the second area is generated, thereby structuring the dual TS (S1201). Therandomizer150 randomizes the dual TS output from the TS structure unit300 (S1203). Theparity area generator110 generates the first area for inserting the parity for error correction in the randomized dual TS (S1205). Thefirst interleaver120 primarily interleaves the dual TS where the parity area is generated (S1207), and theturbo processing unit130 convolution-encodes the turbo stream included in the primarily interleaved dual TS and interleaves the convolution-encoded turbo stream (S1209). Thedeinterleaver140 deinterleaves the dual TS output from the turbo processing unit130 (S1211). TheRS encoder210 inserts the parity in the first area of the deinterleaved dual TS (S1213).
• Thesecond interleaver220 secondarily interleaves the dual TS where the parity is inserted (S1215). The trellis-encoder230 trellis-encodes the secondarily interleaved dual TS (S1217). TheMUX240 multiplexes the trellis-encoded dual TS by adding the segment sync and the field sync (S1219). Themodulator250 channel-modulates the multiplexed dual TS, up-converts the dual TS to a signal of a radio frequency (RF) channel band, and transmits the up-converted signal (S1221).
• FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a signal processing method in the turbo processing unit ofFIG. 7. Referring toFIG. 13 andFIG. 7, the byte-symbol converter131 converts the primarily interleaved dual TS from the byte form to the symbol form (S1301). TheTS DE-MUX132 demultiplexes the dual TS converted to the symbol form into the normal stream and the turbo stream (S1303). Theturbo encoder133 convolution-encodes the turbo stream of the demultiplexed dual TS (S1305).
• Through the convolution-encoding, the parity with respect to the turbo stream is additionally generated and inserted in the second area of the turbo stream. The turbo interleaver134 interleaves the convolution-encoded turbo stream (S1307). Theturbo data MUX135 multiplexes the interleaved turbo stream and the demultiplexed normal stream, thereby structuring the dual TS (S1309). The symbol-byte converter136 converts the dual TS from the symbol form to the byte form (S1311).
• As can be appreciated from the above description of the method for turbo-processing and transmitting the TS for digital broadcasting, the digital broadcasting transmission/reception system, and the signal processing method thereof, according to certain embodiments of the invention, reception performance of a terrestrial-wave digital television (DTV) in the US in accordance with the advanced television system committee (ATSC) vestigial sideband (VSB) can be enhanced through information exchange and mapping with respect to a dual transport stream (TS) which includes normal data and turbo data. As a result, the digital broadcasting transmission system provides not only the compatibility with existing normal data transmission systems, but also the improved receptivity under a variety of reception environments.
• While not required, it is understood that aspects of the invention can be implemented using software, hardware, and combinations thereof. While described in terms of a broadcast signal sent through air or cable, it is understood that, the transmission can be made through recording on a medium for delayed playback in other aspects of the invention.
• While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (24)

1. A turbo decoding apparatus, comprising:

a Trellis decoder for performing Trellis decoding on a supplementary data stream among transmission streams including the supplementary data stream and a normal data stream;

a de-interleaver for de-interleaving the Trellis decoded supplementary data stream;

a convolution decoder for performing convolution decoding on the de-interleaved supplementary data stream; and

an interleaver for interleaving the convolution decoded supplementary data stream, and outputting the interleaved supplementary data stream to the Trellis decoder.

2. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising:

a frame formatter for frame-formatting the convolution decoded supplementary data stream.

3. The apparatus ofclaim 2, further comprising:

a symbol byte converter for converting a unit of the frame-formatted supplementary data stream from symbols to bytes.

4. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the transmission stream further comprises known data in addition to the supplementary data stream and the normal data stream.

5. The apparatus ofclaim 4, wherein the transmission stream comprises the known data and the supplementary data stream in a single packet.

6. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the transmission stream comprises the supplementary data stream in a single packet.

7. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the transmission stream comprises the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream.

8. The apparatus ofclaim 4, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having only the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream and a packet having the known data in a predetermined area of the supplementary data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

9. The apparatus ofclaim 4, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having the known data in a predetermined area of the supplementary data stream and a packet having the normal data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

10. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having the supplementary data stream and a packet having the normal data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

11. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having only the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream and a packet having the normal data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

12. The apparatus ofclaim 4, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having only the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream, a packet having the known data in a predetermined area of the supplementary data stream, and a packet having the normal data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

13. A turbo decoding method, comprising:

performing Trellis decoding on a supplementary data stream among transmission streams including the supplementary data stream and a normal data stream in a Trellis decoder;

de-interleaving the Trellis decoded supplementary data stream;

performing convolution decoding on the de-interleaved supplementary data stream;

interleaving the convolution decoded supplementary data stream; and

feeding back the interleaved supplementary data stream to the Trellis decoder.

14. The method ofclaim 13, further comprising:

frame-formatting the convolution decoded supplementary data stream.

15. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising:

converting a unit of the frame-formatted supplementary data stream from symbols to bytes.

16. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the transmission stream further comprises known data in addition to the supplementary data stream and the normal data stream.

17. The method ofclaim 16, wherein the transmission stream comprises the known data and the supplementary data stream in a single packet.

18. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the transmission stream comprises the supplementary data stream in a single packet.

19. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the transmission stream comprises only the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream.

20. The method ofclaim 16, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having only the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream and a packet having the known data in a predetermined area of the supplementary data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

21. The method ofclaim 16, wherein the transmission stream comprises a packet having the known data in a predetermined area of the supplementary data stream and a packet having the normal data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

22. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the transmission stream comprises a packet having the supplementary data stream and a packet having the normal data stream, and the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

23. The method ofclaim 13, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having only the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream and a packet having the normal data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

24. The method ofclaim 16, wherein:

the transmission stream comprises a packet having only the supplementary data stream in a data area of the transmission stream, a packet having the known data in a predetermined area of the supplementary data stream, and a packet having the normal data stream, and

the packets are arranged in predetermined numbers of packets in an alternating order.

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