US20090108059A1 - Cash handling - Google Patents

Abstract

Cash handling in a cash handling system is described in terms of methods and arrangements that interact by exchanging cash as well as information signals. A cash transport unit is configured to receive, store and provide cash, preferably in the form of notes. The transport units connect with ATM's, shops, vehicles as well as cash docking stations. Information flows among the entities of the system, between the transport units, the shops, the vehicles, the docking stations, a transport service control center, cash centers as well as banks.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/673,796, filed Feb. 12, 2007; which application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/SE2006/000195, filed Feb. 10, 2006 and designating the United States, which application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/773,123, filed on Feb. 13, 2006.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
• The entire disclosure of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/673,796, the entire disclosure of International Application No. PCT/SE2006/000195, and the entire disclosure of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/773,123 are incorporated herein in their entirety by this reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• The present application relates to handling of cash in a cash handling system comprising a plurality of interacting entities. Specifically, the handling of cash involves transporting cash between system entities as well as transmitting information signals between cash handling system entities.
BACKGROUND
• Cash, not least in the form of bank notes, will continue to fulfill a large and vital role or function in payment systems all around the world for a long time to come. Although electronic payment systems in which cash in the form of bank notes have been eliminated are becoming more and more widespread, there is still a large need to cater for transactions that are simple and have no need for complex electronic equipment.
• The simplicity of using cash for performing transactions is, however, closely and inevitably coupled to problems of how to prevent unauthorized access to the cash. Such problems are relevant with respect to all stages involved when preparing for and making any transaction involving cash. For example, when preparing for and when performing transport of cash from a shop, retail location or automatic teller machine (ATM) to a cash depository, such as a cash center, or financial institute, such as a bank, there are typically a large number of procedures and protection systems involved in order to prevent unauthorized access to the cash. Needless to say, these procedures are typically very complicated and involve the use of expensive equipment and staff.
• Further related to these, more direct, problems of preventing unauthorized physical access to the cash, are problems of how to simplify and facilitate for interacting entities in a cash handling system in terms of handling ownership and responsibility with respect to cash during different stages of controlling flow of cash in a cash handling system.
• Such problems and related problems have been discussed in the prior art. Examples of such disclosures include US patent application publication 2004/0030622 in which a currency management method and system is described. A currency transportation plan is established that includes a currency delivery schedule for transport of currency between nodes in a system. The schedule is established using information pertaining to a currency inventory, a forecast for currency demand and costs of handling currency.
• Moreover, U.S. Pat. No. 6,655,584 discloses a system for handling banknotes within a geographically limited area. An information center communicates with ATMs to exchange data relating to banknotes. Transport vehicles transport the banknotes to and from the machines in response to orders from the information center issued on the basis of information sent from the machines to the information center.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• Although relating to cash handling in general, the cited prior art disclosures are more directed to solving problems of how to minimize manual handling of bank notes, and provides solutions that involve creating schedules and plans for transporting currency in currency management systems.
• An object of the present invention is hence to overcome drawbacks related to cash handling disclosed in the prior art.
• In addition to providing a solution to a general problem of how to minimize manual handling of currency, the present invention addresses a more specific problem of how to improve security in cash handling while at the same time providing flexible and cost effective cash handling in a cash handling system.
• Hence, in one aspect, the present invention provides a cash transport apparatus and a method of controlling operation of such a cash transport apparatus.
• That is, a method of controlling operation of a cash transport apparatus in a cash handling system is provided. The cash transport apparatus is configured to store cash, receive and dispense cash and exchange information with a plurality of cash handling entities in the cash handling system. The method comprises establishing a first signaling connection with a first cash handling entity, communicating first information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity, and controlling flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity. This is followed by establishing a second signaling connection with a second cash handling entity, communicating second information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the second cash handling entity, and controlling flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the second cash handling entity.
• By not being an integrated part or sub-unit of any entity in the cash handling system and thereby not dedicated for use in connection with only one entity, which is typically the situation with respect to prior art transport systems, a transport unit and control of a transport unit according to the invention is very advantageous in terms of versatility of use. As a result of such versatility other advantages become apparent, such as efficiency in terms of cost and speed. Prior to the control of the flow of cash with the first cash handling entity, control of engagers may be performed to establish a mechanical engagement between a cash input and output unit in the transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity. Moreover, after the control of the flow of cash with the first cash handling entity, control of engagers may be performed to release the mechanical engagement between a cash input and output unit in the transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity, and prior to the control of the flow of cash with the second cash handling entity, control of engagers may be performed to establish a mechanical engagement between a cash input and output unit in the transport apparatus and the second cash handling entity, and after the control of the flow of cash with the second cash handling entity, control of engagers may be performed to release the mechanical engagement between a cash input and output unit in the transport apparatus and the second cash handling entity.
• The establishing of any of the first and the second signaling connection may comprise communication of an identifier of any of the cash transport apparatus, the first cash handling entity and the second cash handling entity.
• Any of the first information signals and the second information signals may comprise information pertaining to a cash flow amount and the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and any of the first and second cash handling entities may comprise flow control in dependence on the information pertaining to cash flow amount. Moreover, the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and any of the first and second cash handling entities may comprise controlling recycling of cash. That is, cash dispensed from one entity into the transport apparatus may be dispensed into another entity. The information pertaining to cash flow amounts that is exchanged between the transport apparatus and entities in the system facilitates this recycling operation and by this provides a further advantage of efficient cash storage use.
• The communication of first information signals and the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the first cash handling, entity may be performed at least partly in a simultaneous manner. Similarly, the communication of second information signals and the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the second cash handling entity may be performed at least partly in a simultaneous manner.
• The communication of any of the first information signals and the second information signals may comprise communication of confirmation information subsequent to the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the first and second cash handling entity, respectively. The confirmation information may comprise information pertaining to a cash flow amount of any of the flows of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the first and second cash handling entity, respectively.
• The information pertaining to a cash flow amount of any of the flows of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the first and second cash handling entity, respectively, may also comprise instructions for changing ownership of a cash amount. That is, as a result of the instructions to change ownership, when these have been acted upon by, e.g., a bank, a bank account belonging to an entity from which cash has been conveyed may be credited with the amount of cash that has been conveyed to the transport apparatus. This is advantageous in that it may clarify the distribution of responsibility for specific amounts of cash. For example, an owner of an entity that has submitted cash to a transport apparatus, e.g. a shop keeper having a cash handling apparatus, will get an increased feeling of comfort knowing that the cash that has left his shop is already credited to his bank account.
• Detection of at least one note having a predetermined type may also be performed, and depending on the detection, the control of flow of cash may then comprise controlling rejection of the at least one note having the predetermined type. The predetermined type of note may be a potentially counterfeit note.
• In some embodiments the first cash handling entity is a cash docking station and the second cash handling entity is an ATM.
• In some embodiments the first cash handling entity is a cash docking station and the second cash handling entity is a cash handling apparatus.
• In some embodiments the first cash handling entity is a cash handling apparatus and the second cash handling entity is an ATM.
• In some embodiments the first cash handling entity is a cash handling apparatus and the second cash handling entity is a cash handling apparatus.
• In some embodiments the first cash handling entity is an ATM and the second cash handling entity is an ATM.
• Communicating first information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity may comprise communicating information pertaining to instructions from a financial institute to provide cash to an ATM.
• The instructions from a financial institute to provide cash to an ATM may comprise information including any of an ATM identity, a geographical location of an ATM, an amount of cash to provide to an ATM, a time limit.
• Communicating first information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity may comprise communicating information pertaining to instructions from a financial institute to retrieve cash from an ATM.
• The instructions from a financial institute to retrieve cash from an ATM may comprise instructions to retrieve any of unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes.
• In some embodiments, a third signaling connection is established with a third entity and communicating third information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the third entity. The third entity may be a vehicle configured to carry the cash transport apparatus and the signaling connection with the vehicle may be established via a transport unit rack configured to convey signals between the cash transport apparatus and the vehicle. The third entity may also be a cash center as well as a transport service control center.
• By utilizing a cash transport apparatus according to the invention in connection with a vehicle, enhanced security of the overall flow of cash in the cash handling system is obtained. Weak links along the cash flow path are avoided, which is in contrast to prior art solutions where, typically, exposure of notes to unauthorized parties is more or less possible, e.g. by the use of cash containers such as bags.
• In case the third entity is a cash center, the signaling connection with the cash center may be established via a docking station configured to convey signals between the cash transport apparatus and the cash center.
• The signaling connection with the third entity may furthermore be established via a vehicle configured to carry the cash transport apparatus and the signaling connection with the third entity may be established via a transport unit rack configured to convey signals between the cash transport apparatus and the vehicle.
• The third information signals may comprise status information regarding the transport apparatus and the status information may comprise information pertaining to an amount of cash stored in the cash transport apparatus. The status information may also comprise information pertaining to a physical integrity of the transport apparatus and also comprise an alarm with respect to violation of the physical integrity of the transport apparatus and information pertaining to a status of an ink dye protection system in the transport apparatus and also comprise information pertaining to a geographic location of the transport apparatus.
• In some embodiments, establishing any of the signaling connections may comprise signaling according to an authentication, authorization and accounting, AAA, protocol and may also comprise signaling according to a wireless communication protocol, such as a GSM/GPRS system, a WCDMA system and a CDMA2000 system.
• In one aspect, the invention provides a computer program comprising software instructions that, when executed in a control unit, performs a method of controlling operation of a cash transport apparatus as described above.
• Further, a cash transport apparatus for use in a cash handling system comprises a cash storage unit, a cash input and output unit and a control and communication unit. The apparatus is configured to establish a first signaling connection with a first cash handling entity, communicate first information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity, control flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the first cash handling entity, establish a second signaling connection with a second cash handling entity, communicate second information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the second cash handling entity, and control flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the second cash handling entity.
• The cash transport apparatus may be configured to connect with any of an ATM, a cash docking station and a cash handling apparatus as well as with a third entity in the cash handling system. Such a third entity may be any of a vehicle and a transport unit rack configured to convey signals between the cash transport apparatus and the vehicle.
• The cash transport apparatus may also be configured to detect and communicate a status regarding the transport apparatus. The status may be any of an amount of cash stored in the cash transport apparatus, information pertaining to a physical integrity of the transport apparatus and information pertaining to an ink dye protection system in the transport apparatus. Moreover, the cash transport apparatus may also comprise a geographical location detection system and be further configured to communicate information pertaining to a geographical location of the transport apparatus.
• The cash transport apparatus may be configured to perform signaling according to an authentication, authorization and accounting, AAA, protocol and also to perform signaling according to a wireless communication protocol utilized in a wireless communication system such as any of a GSM/GPRS system, a WCDMA system and a CDMA2000 system.
• The cash transport apparatus may be configured with an enclosure comprising at least a secure compartment, where said secure compartment encloses at least the cash storage unit.
• The cash transport apparatus may comprise a note validator configured in connection with the control and communication unit and the cash input and output unit to reject at least one predetermined type of notes. The type of notes to be rejected may comprise potentially counterfeit notes.
• Numerous advantages are provided by such an inventive methods of controlling operation of a cash transport apparatus and a cash transport apparatus. For example, an improved overview in terms of monitoring of the total flow of cash in a cash handling system is provided. Scheduling and planning of the control of cash flow is facilitated. Fast and effective feedback of any errors and discrepancies with respect to the cash flow is obtained. The invention also provides an enhanced possibility to forecast current and future need for cash in any entity of the system.
• In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling flow of cash between a cash transport apparatus and an ATM in a cash handling system. The cash transport apparatus is configured to store cash, receive and dispense cash and exchange information with at least the ATM. The method comprises establishing a signaling connection between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM, controlling engagers to establish a mechanical engagement between a cash input and output unit in the ATM and the cash transport apparatus, controlling flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM, communicating information signals between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM, and controlling engagers to release the mechanical engagement between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM.
• The establishing of the signaling connection may comprise communication of an identifier of any of the cash transport apparatus and the ATM.
• The information signals may comprise information pertaining to a cash flow amount and the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM may comprise flow control in dependence on said information pertaining to cash flow amount. The control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and ATM may comprise controlling recycling of cash.
• The communication of information signals and the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the may, at least partly, be performed simultaneously. The communication of the information signals may comprise communication of confirmation information subsequent to the control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM.
• The confirmation information may comprise information pertaining to a cash flow amount of the flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM.
• The control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and ATM may comprise controlling flow of cash out of the cash transport apparatus into the ATM.
• The control of flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and ATM may comprise controlling flow of cash out of the ATM into the cash transport apparatus.
• The control of flow of cash out of the ATM may comprise control of flow of any of notes unfit for circulation, potentially counterfeit notes and surplus notes.
• In one aspect, the invention provides a computer program comprising software instructions that, when executed in a control unit, performs a method of controlling flow of cash between a cash transport apparatus and an ATM as described above.
• Furthermore, along the lines of this aspect, the present invention provides an automated teller machine, ATM, configured to interact with a cash transport apparatus in a cash handling system. The ATM comprises a cash storage unit, a cash input and output unit and a control and communication unit. The control and communication unit is configured to establish a signaling connection with the cash transport apparatus, control engagers to establish a mechanical engagement between the cash input and output unit and the cash transport apparatus, control flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the ATM, communicate information signals between the ATM and the cash transport apparatus, and control engagers to release the mechanical engagement with the cash transport apparatus.
• The control and communication unit configured to control flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and ATM may be configured to control recycling of cash, flow of cash into the ATM as well as being be configured to control flow of cash out of the ATM.
• The control and communication unit may be configured to detect any of notes not desirable for dispensing, potentially counterfeit notes, unfit notes, foreign currency notes, small denomination notes and large denomination notes. The cash storage unit may furthermore be configured with respective storage units for any of these types of notes. Moreover, the control and communication unit may be configured to detect individual notes in the flow of cash into the ATM as being any of these types of notes.
• The control and communication unit may be configured to control the storage unit to retain potentially counterfeit notes.
• The ATM may further comprise an ink dye protection system.
• An advantage of such an ATM is that it enables a high level of security in that unauthorized access to cash is prevented. This may be illustrated by noting that mechanical engagement and flow of cash is established between the cash transport apparatus and the cash input and output unit of the ATM. Such a configuration prevents unnecessary exposure of notes during transfer between the ATM and the transport unit. This is in contrast to prior art ATM systems where transport of cash is performed by the use of transport units that are configured as removable modules that are accessed and removed by opening an outer cover of the ATM.
• An additional advantage is that, by re-filling an ATM with cash from a cash transport apparatus, increased security is obtained in that the risk of providing notes that are unfit for circulation, e.g. potentially counterfeit, as well as providing a wrong number of notes, to the ATM is reduced.
• In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a docking station that is configured to convey cash between any cash transport unit.
• Hence, the present invention provides a cash docking station for use in a cash handling system. The cash docking station comprises a cash input for receiving cash, a cash output for providing cash, and a signal communicator for exchanging information with at least one cash transport apparatus in the cash handling system and for controlling flow of cash between said cash input and said cash output.
• The signal communicator may be mechanical as well as electric, optical and may be wireless as well as wire based. Any of the cash input and cash output may be configured to interact with a cash transport apparatus.
• In other words, such a simple cash docking station allows input of cash from any suitable type of cash providing apparatus, including simple manual feeding of cash by hand as well as any cash transport unit such as a stacker box, a cash bag etc. Output of cash may be to a transport box, such as any transport box described above.
• In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a docking station that is configured to convey cash between any cash transport unit.
• Hence, the present invention provides a cash docking station for use in a cash handling system. The cash docking station comprises a cash input for receiving cash, a cash output for providing cash, a cash storage unit, a signal communicator for exchanging information with at least one cash transport apparatus in the cash handling system and for controlling flow of cash between said cash input and said cash output, and a controller for controlling operation of said signal communicator, said storage unit, said cash input and said cash output.
• The cash docking station may be arranged between a first environment and a second environment, said first and second environments being configured such that they represent a respective first and second level of security and wherein the cash input is configured for access from the first environment and the cash output is configured for access from the second environment. For example, the cash docking station may be arranged in a wall at a cash center or in a wall in a vehicle.
• The cash docking station may also be configured such that the cash storage unit is configured to perform any operation of note validation, note fitness sorting, denomination sorting, foreign denomination sorting, detection of facing and orientation.
• Furthermore, along the lines of this aspect, the invention provides a method of controlling operation of a cash docking station in a cash handling system, the cash docking station being configured to store cash, receive and dispense cash and exchange information with a cash transport apparatus in the cash handling system. The method comprises the steps of establishing a signaling connection with a cash transport apparatus, controlling exchange of cash between the cash docking station and the cash transport apparatus, and communicating information signals between the cash docking station and the cash transport apparatus.
• A cash docking station provides a number of advantages over prior art solutions. For example, a cash docking station may provide a more or less automated handling of cash early in the flow in a cash handling system, before reaching a cash center, for example already at a shop location or in a vehicle. This allows for an enhanced flexibility when controlling the flow of cash, as well as facilitating forecasting of various needs in the cash handling system, such as the need for specific amounts of cash at different entities in the system. In other words, the use of a docking station according to the invention enables quick re-direction of cash without a need to use a central location, such as a cash center, early in the flow of cash in the system. Large accumulations of cash may then be avoided to a larger extent than in prior art systems.
• In one aspect, the invention provides a computer program comprising software instructions that, when executed in a control unit, performs a method of controlling operation of a cash docking station as described above.
• In another aspect, the present invention provides a cash handling apparatus that is configured to operate in conjunction with a cash transport apparatus.
• Hence, the present invention provides a cash handling apparatus configured to interact with a cash transport apparatus in a cash handling system. The cash handling apparatus comprises a cash storage unit, a cash input and output unit and a control and communication unit.
• The control and communication unit is configured to establish a signaling connection with the cash transport apparatus, control engagers to establish a mechanical engagement between the cash input and output unit and the cash transport apparatus, control flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and the cash handling apparatus, communicate information signals between the cash handling apparatus and the cash transport apparatus, and control engagers to release the mechanical engagement with the cash transport apparatus.
• The control and communication unit configured to control flow of cash between the cash transport apparatus and cash handling apparatus may be configured to control recycling of cash, flow of cash into the cash handling apparatus as well as being be configured to control flow of cash out of the cash handling apparatus.
• The control and communication unit may be configured to detect any of notes not desirable for dispensing, potentially counterfeit notes, unfit notes, foreign currency notes, small denomination notes and large denomination notes. The cash storage unit may furthermore be configured with respective storage units for any of these types of notes. Moreover, the control and communication unit may be configured to detect individual notes in the flow of cash into the cash handling apparatus as being any of these types of notes.
• From the above description of different aspects of the invention it will be evident that one general advantage is that of enhanced security due to the essentially closed flow of cash between different entities and a transport apparatus. Cash is typically not accessible to any unauthorized party all along the flow of cash.
• From the above it can be concluded that, in a general aspect, the present invention simply provides a cash handling system comprising any number of cash handling entities discussed above.
• In another aspect, the present invention is the use of a cash transport apparatus for providing a cash transport service to any entity in a cash handling system. Such a transport service may comprise providing cash to an ATM and/or receiving cash from an ATM. Moreover, such a transport service may comprise providing cash to a cash handling apparatus in a shop and/or receiving cash from a cash handling apparatus in a shop.
• Use of a cash transport apparatus may also entail, in a case where the transport apparatus is configured as a cash deposit apparatus, providing a cash deposit service to any entity, such as a shop, in a cash handling system.
• In other words, a cash transport apparatus according to the present invention provides a great deal of versatility in terms of use. For example, a cash transport apparatus may be used in an operation to re-fill a cash handling apparatus with change in a shop. The cash transport apparatus may be filled with an appropriate amount of notes, e.g. at a cash center or in a cash transport vehicle by a cash transport service provider, and moved to a shop location where such re-filling takes place. Another scenario is one in which a shop keeper has made an agreement with an ATM service provider to interact with an ATM located at the shop, such that cash from a cash handling apparatus is provided to the ATM via a cash transport apparatus or, in the opposite direction of cash flow, from a cash handling apparatus to an ATM. An advantage of such a scenario is that it enables saving of so-called float costs, i.e. savings due to the shortening of the time period during which cash is not in circulation.
• A variation of such a scenario is one in which a shop keeper uses a cash transport apparatus as an “over night safe storage” apparatus containing cash from one or more cash handling apparatuses, e.g. in a back-office location. Such a use is advantageous in that it reduces the need for complex and expensive security measures in connection with a cash handling apparatus. By using a transport apparatus, which is inherently more secure than a cash handling apparatus in a shop, secure storage of cash is possible.
• In yet another aspect, the present invention is the use of a cash docking station for providing a cash docking service in a cash handling system. Such a use may be in a vehicle as well as at a cash center.
• In yet another aspect, the present invention is the use of an ATM for providing an ATM service in a cash handling system. The use of the ATM may be at a shop, for example.
• In yet another aspect, the present invention is the use of a cash handling apparatus for providing a cash handling service in a cash handling system. The use of the cash handling apparatus may be at a check-out point in a shop as well as at a back-office location in a shop.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Below will follow a detailed description of arrangements and methods according to the different aspects of the invention. Reference will be made to the attached drawings on which:
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a cash handling system and communication paths in such a system,
• FIG. 2 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a cash handling apparatus located in a shop,
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a docking station and a cash handling apparatus located in a shop,
• FIG. 4 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, an automatic teller machine,
• FIG. 5 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a cash handling arrangement located in a vehicle,
• FIG. 6 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a cash transport apparatus,
• FIG. 7 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, another cash transport apparatus,
• FIG. 8 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a cash transport apparatus having a secure and a non-secure section,
• FIG. 9 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a cash handling arrangement located in a cash center,
• FIG. 10 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, cash handling arrangements in a financial institute such as a bank,
• FIG. 11 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a cash docking station,
• FIG. 12 schematically illustrates, in the form of a block diagram, a cash docking station arranged in a wall between a secure and a non-secure area,
• FIGS. 13aand13bschematically illustrate, in the form of a signaling diagram and a flow chart, respectively, flow of cash and signals in a cash handling system,
• FIGS. 14aand14bschematically illustrate, in the form of a signaling diagram and a flow chart, respectively, flow of cash and signals in a cash handling system.
• FIGS. 15aand15bschematically illustrate, in the form of a signaling diagram and a flow chart, respectively, flow of cash and signals in a cash handling system.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Turning now toFIG. 1, acash handling system100 in which the present invention is realized will now be described in general terms. More detailed descriptions of the different entities in thesystem100 and their interaction will be made below, although it should be noted that throughout this description the level of detail will typically be kept at that of functional descriptions of interacting blocks. It is hence assumed that a person skilled in the art will, by consulting this description and using appropriate engineering skills, be able to implement the functional blocks in the form of properly configured hardware and software arrangements. For example, implementations of the inventive methods are typically in the form of computer programs comprising software instructions and provided via carrier media such as various types of storage disks as well as via propagated signals via wired an wireless communication networks. InFIG. 1, solid line arrows, as exemplified by an arrow havingreference numeral150, represent exchange of cash between entities in thesystem100. Dashed line arrows, as exemplified by an arrow havingreference numeral152, represent exchange of information signals between entities in thesystem100. The arrows have dual arrow heads, pointing in opposing directions, in order to illustrate that the flow of cash as well as the flow of information signals is in any direction between the entities of thesystem100. The flow of information between the different entities may, as the skilled person will realize, be implemented using any appropriate data communication protocol and protection and security may be provided by the use of any authentication, authorization and accounting protocol (AAA-protocol) known in the art. The physical flow of information may entail galvanic connection between communicating entities as well as utilization of wireless connections, as will be exemplified and discussed in more detail below.
• Thesystem100 comprises a plurality of automatic teller machines (ATM) of which afirst ATM102 and asecond ATM104 are illustrated. TheATMs102,104 are configured to automatically provide and receive cash during interactions with a human customer (not shown). Further, thesystem100 comprises a firstretail shop106 and a secondretail shop108. As the skilled person will realize, theshops106,108 may represent any form of shop-like cash handling entity where human interaction takes place between a customer and a teller (not shown) who operates a cash handling apparatus (e.g. acash handling apparatuses202,302 as described below in connection withFIGS. 2 and 3) located in theshop106,108. As the skilled person will realize, the teller typically performs transactions in which cash is provided into and withdrawn from the cash handling apparatus. Alternatively, a customer may perform cash transactions in a self-service manner without assistance from a teller.
• A number ofcash transport units110,112 and114 form parts of thesystem100. The transport units are configured, as will be described in more detail below, to store cash in a secure manner and configured to receive cash input and dispense cash during interactions with other entities in thesystem100. As indicated by solid line arrows, cash is moved betweentransport unit110 andATM102, betweentransport unit112 andATMs102,104 andshop106 and betweentransport unit114 andshops106 and108. Similarly, as indicated by dashed line arrows, information signals are transmitted betweentransport unit110 andATM102, betweentransport unit112 andATMs102,104 andshop106 and betweentransport unit114 andshops106 and108. An important property of the transport units is that they each form an individual part of thesystem100 and, when properly configured, any transport unit may interact with any other entity in the system. Typically, thetransport units110,112,114 are portable boxes having appropriate physical dimensions and weights and mechanical arrangements for enabling simple movement, e.g. handles, such that one person will be capable of moving a transport unit.
• Bulk transport of cash in thesystem100 is provided by way ofvehicles116 and118. As indicated by solid line arrows, cash is moved betweentransport unit112 andvehicle116 and cash is moved betweentransport unit114 andvehicle118. It is to be noted that the transport of cash, as indicated by the solid lines discussed above, may entail transporting a cash transport unit within avehicle116,118, as illustrated by acash transport unit115 located withinvehicle118. However, the transport may involve any other type of cash container known in the art, e.g. cash bags and cash boxes, into which cash has been provided from the transport units. For example, as will be discussed further below, a transport unit may dock with adocking station117 that provides cash into bags.
• Signaling, i.e. transmission of information signals, is also performed between thevehicle116 and thetransport unit112. However, as exemplified byvehicle118 andtransport unit114, signaling may be omitted although cash is moved.
• A transportservice control center128 is shown being configured for exchange of information signals with thevehicles116,118,cash centers120,122 and abank124. Signaling between the transportservice control center128 and individual transport units is also possible, as indicated by the signaling connection withtransport unit110. The transportservice control center128 is typically an entity representing a provider of transport services, including vehicles and vehicle staff, to other entities in the system such as shops, banks, ATM operators etc. No cash is being conveyed via the transportservice control center128. The information signals that are exchanged with other entities of the system include such information as instructions regarding collection of cash from a shop or an ATM, status information such as geographical location and any security status information and supervisory information needed in order to provide a secure transport service.
• The system further comprises a number ofcash centers120 and122. The cash centers120,122 perform the function of being depositories for cash and receive and provide cash tovehicles116 and118, respectively. Moreover, as illustrated by thesolid arrow150 betweencash center120 andtransport unit110, cash may be provided directly from a transport unit, i.e.transport unit110, to a cash center and vice versa without the utilization of a vehicle. Cash centers may be located at specific cash center locations, typically in the form of a specifically configured, relatively large, building complex located remote from other buildings and into which vehicles carrying cash are moved. However, a physically relatively small cash center may also be located in close vicinity to one or more shops, such as in a shopping mall.
• A firstcash docking station117 is illustrated within thecash center120. Operation of thecash docking station117 typically involves at least one transport unit out of which, or into which, cash is provided. For example, a docking station is configured to mate with a cash transport unit and to cooperate such that cash is conveyed from the transport unit into the docking station, where the cash may be processed, and out of the docking station. The output of cash from the docking station may be as simple as feeding cash onto a table surface but also more elaborate such as feeding cash into a cash container. Such a cash container, although not illustrated inFIG. 1, may be a cash bag, another cash transport unit, a typical ATM cash cassette or any other suitable container configured to mate with the docking station.
• Although thedocking station117 inFIG. 1 is illustrated to be located within thecash center120, other locations for docking stations are also possible. For example, as will be discussed in further detail below, a docking station may be located within, or in the vicinity of, a shop and also in a vehicle or a bank etc. as illustrated by asecond docking station119.
• Two financial institutes in the form ofbanks122 and124 are also comprised in thesystem100. As indicated by the solid line arrow betweenbank124 andcash center120, cash may be transported to and from the bank. However, as exemplified bybank126, it is not necessary that thebank126 receives or provides cash within the framework of thesystem100 as discussed here. As illustrated by dashed arrows, information signals are transmitted between thebanks124,126, the cash centers120,122 as well as between thebanks124,126 and theATMs102,104 and theshops106,108.
• As the skilled person will realize, the transport of cash between the different entities in thesystem100 typically pertain to issues regarding ownership and changes of ownership of the cash that is transported in thesystem100. These ownership issues are not illustrated inFIG. 1, but will be discussed below in connection withFIGS. 13 to 15.
• Turning now toFIGS. 2 to 12, different entities in asystem100 as described above with reference toFIG. 1 will be described in more detail.FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate arespective shop200,300 in which cash handling apparatuses are located, for example corresponding to shop106 andshop108, respectively, inFIG. 1.FIG. 4 illustrates anATM400, e.g. any of theATMs102 and104 inFIG. 1.FIG. 5 illustrates avehicle500, e.g. any of thevehicles116 and118 inFIG. 1.FIGS. 6,7 and8 illustrate a respectivecash transport unit600,700 and800, e.g. corresponding to any of thetransport units110,112 and114 inFIG. 1.FIG. 9 illustrates acash center900, e.g. any of the cash centers120 and122 inFIG. 1.FIG. 10 illustrates abank1000, e.g. any of thebanks124 and126 inFIG. 1.FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate cash docking stations, e.g. thedocking station117 inFIG. 1.
• It is to be noted that the descriptions of the arrangements inFIGS. 2 to 12 are focused on the main functional units comprised in each respective arrangement and very little discussion will be spent on the mechanical and electrical realizations of the arrangements. For example, although necessary for the operation of each arrangement, power supply circuitry are assumed to be present and appropriately configured as is already known in the art.
• Hence, theshop200 illustrated inFIG. 2 comprises acash handling apparatus202 that is configured to be operated by a human teller during cash transactions involving a customer and/or operated by a customer during self service transactions without assistance from a teller. Typically, thecash handling apparatus202 is located at a check-out location in theshop200 and is operated when a customer is paying for merchandise or services provided by theshop200. Thecash apparatus202 comprises a cash input/output unit210 that is configured to receive and dispense cash in the form of bank notes from the teller. The cash input/output unit210 is also configured such that it is capable of being mechanically connected with a cash transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 to be described below, and thereby configured to convey cash to and from the transport unit. The cash input/output unit210 is also configured such that it stores cash, for example in such a way that it is capable of operating in a cash recycling manner. Moreover, although not shown in detail, the cash input/output unit210 may also be configured with adetector211 capable of sensing a number of characteristics regarding notes fed into the input/output unit210. For example, input/output unit210 is capable of sensing, under control of a control andcommunication unit208, notes not desirable for dispensing, potentially counterfeit notes, unfit notes, foreign currency notes, small denomination notes and large denomination notes.
• Any suitable detector may be utilized in the apparatus of the present invention. In some embodiments, thedetector211 is a magnetic sensor (e.g., including but not limited to, magnetic sensors similar to those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,960,103 and 6,047,886; each of which is herein incorporated by reference). Thedetector211 may also be similar to the bill testing arrangement described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,975,273 and 5,533,627 (herein incorporated by reference) that are utilized to determine the authenticity and value of deposited notes. Thedetector211 may also be similar to the sensor unit described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,074,081 (herein incorporated by reference). Thedetector211 may also be similar to the illumination device and sensor described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,121 (herein incorporated by reference). Thedetector211 may also be similar to the detector described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,101,266 and 5,923,413 (herein incorporated by reference) or the document sensor described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,241,244 (herein incorporated by reference).
• The storage functionality of the input/output unit210 may be configured such that it is capable of storing, e.g. in separated compartments, any of these types of notes sensed by the input/output unit210.
• The control andcommunication unit208 is connected to, and configured to control, the cash input/output unit210 as well as asignaling interface unit212. Mechanical engagement and disengagement between the input/output unit210 and a transport unit (to be described in further detail below) may hence be controlled, viaengagers209 in the input/output210, by the control andcommunication unit208 that, preferably, cooperates with a corresponding controller in a transport unit.
• Needless to say, the control andcommunication unit208 may comprise any suitable programmable circuitry and memory, as the skilled person will realize when implementing thecash handling apparatus202. The control andcommunication unit208 is hence provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions that, when executed, provide signals to the various functional units within thecash handling apparatus202 as well as communication signals with other entities in a cash handling system.
• The signalinginterface unit212 is configured to be connected with a corresponding signaling interface unit in a cash transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 to be described below, and thereby configured to convey signaling information and data to and from the transport unit. As will be discussed in more detail below, signaling between a cash handling apparatus and a transport unit will entail exchanging information relating to cash transactions such as time stamps, amounts of cash input or cash output etc. as well as information relating to cash transport procedures during interaction with a cash transport unit such as time stamps, identification and authorization information etc. as well as cash amounts.
• Thecash handling apparatus202 is connected, via the control andcommunication unit208, to a shop communication andcontrol system204, including such shop communication and control systems that provide self check-out services. Typically, a number of cash handling apparatuses similar to thecash handling apparatus202 will be connected to the shop communication andcontrol system204. Connection with other shops, cash centers, banks etc. is provided via anetwork206. As the skilled person will realize, thenetwork206 may be any of a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet or any other suitably configured network including both wired and wireless networks. As will be discussed in more detail below, communication over thenetwork206 will entail transmission of signaling information and data between thecash handling apparatus202 and cash centers and banks, relating to cash transactions as well as cash transport operations. Aprinter217 may also be connected to the shop communication andcontrol system204.
• Theshop300 inFIG. 3 is similar to theshop200 described above and hence a cash handling apparatus302 that is configured to be operated by a human teller and/or operated by a customer during self service transactions. The cash handling apparatus302 comprises similar elements as theapparatus202 described in detail above with reference toFIG. 2 and, hence, it is connected, via a control andcommunication unit308, to a shop communication andcontrol system304, including such shop communication and control systems that provide self check-out services. Typically, a number of cash handling apparatuses similar to the cash handling apparatus302 will be connected to the shop communication andcontrol system304. Connection with other shops, cash centers, banks etc. is provided via anetwork306 in a similar fashion as described in connection withFIG. 2.
• Acash docking station352 is also connected to the shop communication andcontrol system304 and, as indicated by a dashedline340, thedocking station352 is located “back office”, typically forming a relativelysecure section340 of theshop300. Thesecure section340 of theshop300 typically comprises a vault or similarly configuredarrangement349 for containing cash provided from thedocking station352.
• Thecash docking station352 is configured to interact with a cash transport apparatus at least in such a manner that it receives cash from a transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 to be described below, and provides output of cash into any type of cash container, such as bags and boxes. However, output of cash may also be provided in the most simple manner by simply dumping cash through a chute or similar mechanical arrangement.
• Hence, similar to thecash handling apparatus202 described above in connection withFIG. 2, thecash docking station352 comprises a cash input/output unit360 that is configured to receive input of cash from a transport unit and provide output of cash into, e.g. bags and boxes. The cash input/output unit360 is also configured such that it is capable of storing cash that has been input, until a later time when output is desired, for example at a time immediately prior to removing the cash from theshop300 into a cash transport vehicle.
• Further, a control andcommunication unit358 is connected to, and configured to control, the cash input/output unit360 as well as asignaling interface unit362. Mechanical engagement and disengagement between the input/output unit360 and a transport unit may hence be controlled, viaengagers309 in the input/output360, by the control andcommunication unit358 that, preferably, cooperates with a corresponding controller in a transport unit.
• The control andcommunication unit358 may comprise any suitable programmable circuitry and memory, as the skilled person will realize when implementing thecash docking station352. The control andcommunication unit358 is hence provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions that, when executed, provide signals to the various functional units within thedocking station352 as well as communication signals with other entities in a cash handling system.
• The signalinginterface unit362 is configured to be connected with a corresponding signaling interface unit in a cash transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 to be described below, and thereby configured to convey signaling information and data to and from the transport unit. As will be discussed in more detail below, signaling between a cash docking station and a transport unit will entail exchanging information relating to cash transactions such as time stamps, amounts of cash input or cash output etc. as well as information relating to cash transport procedures during interaction with a cash transport unit such as time stamps, identification and authorization information etc. as well as cash amounts.
• TheATM400 illustrated inFIG. 4 is configured to be operated by a customer during cash transactions. TheATM400 comprises a cash input/output unit410 that is configured to dispense cash in the form of bank notes to a customer. The ATM is also configured to receive input of cash from a customer when performing a deposit transaction, for example to credit a bank account. The cash input/output unit410 is also configured such that it is capable of being mechanically connected with a cash transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 to be described below, and thereby configured to convey cash to and from the transport unit. Mechanical engagement and disengagement between the input/output unit410 and a transport unit is controlled, via engagers409 in the input/output410, by a control andcommunication unit408 that, preferably, cooperates with a corresponding controller in the transport unit (e.g.608 inFIG. 6,708 inFIGS. 7 and 808 inFIG. 8). Moreover, although not shown in detail, the cash input/output unit410 is also configured with adetector411 capable of sensing a number of characteristics regarding individual notes fed into the input/output unit410. For example, input/output unit410 is capable of sensing, under control of the control andcommunication unit408, notes not desirable for dispensing, potentially counterfeit notes, unfit notes, foreign currency notes, small denomination notes and large denomination notes.
• Connected to the cash input/output unit410 and also operated under the control of the control andcommunication unit408 is anote storage unit414. Thestorage unit414 is configured to store notes in separate storage areas typically in the form of cassettes, here exemplified byreference numerals415 and417, such that each storage area may be designated to store one type of notes as sensed by the input/output unit410. The control andcommunication unit408 may also be configured to control thestorage unit414 to retain any type of notes that are not suitable for circulation, such as potentially counterfeit notes.
• An optionalstorage access arrangement416 is configured, by way of any known mechanical or electromechanical barrier mechanism such as a lock, to allow access to the storage areas in thestorage unit414 without the use of a cash transport unit as discussed above. The input/output unit410 and thestorage unit414 are further configured such that they are capable of being controlled by the control andcommunication unit408 to operate in a cash recycling manner. That is, notes that have been input to thestorage unit414 during a first user transaction involving a deposit may be re-used in a later transaction involving any other user to whom notes are dispensed from thestorage unit414.
• The control andcommunication unit408 is further connected to, and configured to control, asignaling interface unit412 and auser interface unit413 that comprises a display, a keypad and a card reader, the hardware of which will not be discussed in detail as this would clutter the description with details already known in the art.
• Furthermore, the control andcommunication unit408 is also connected to, and configured to control, aprinter419, an inkdye protection system420 and acamera418. The inkdye protection system420 is located adjacent to thestorage unit414 and it includes sensing units for sensing unauthorized access attempts to thestorage unit414 and ink ejectors for ejecting ink onto notes in thestorage unit414. As the skilled person will realize, the inkdye protection system420 may be replaced by any destructive protection system known in the art.
• Thecamera418 is controlled to record images of any customer that operates theATM400. Depending on configuration, the camera control may involve transmission of such images via anetwork406 to a supervisor of theATM400 for the purpose of providing the possibility of an independent identification of a customer trying, e.g., to operate the ATM in an unauthorized manner.
• The control andcommunication unit408 may comprise any suitable programmable circuitry and memory, as the skilled person will realize when implementing theATM400. The control andcommunication unit408 is hence provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions that, when executed, provide signals to the various functional units within theATM400 as well as communication signals with other entities in a cash handling system.
• The signalinginterface unit412 is configured to be connected with a corresponding signaling interface unit in a cash transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 to be described below, and thereby configured to convey signaling information and data to and from the transport unit. As will be discussed in more detail below, signaling between an ATM and a transport unit will entail exchanging information relating to cash transactions such as time stamps, amounts of cash input or cash output etc. as well as information relating to cash transport procedures during interaction with a cash transport unit such as time stamps, identification and authorization information etc. as well as cash amounts.
• As briefly mentioned already, theATM400 is connected, via the control andcommunication unit408, to anetwork406. As the skilled person will realize, thenetwork206 may be any suitably configured ATM network including both wired and wireless networks. As will be discussed in more detail below, communication over thenetwork406 will entail transmission of signaling information and data between theATM400 and cash centers and banks, relating to cash transactions as well as cash transport operations.
• Thevehicle500 illustrated inFIG. 5 comprises atransport unit rack530 that is configured to holdcash transport units531, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 to be described below. Therack530 is configured in such a manner that mechanical connection between therack530 and thetransport units531 is secured and that electric signaling is made possible between thetransport units531 and other entities in a cash handling system such as thesystem100 ofFIG. 1. The signaling is realized via a control andcommunication unit508, a radiofrequency transceiver unit532, anantenna533, aradio interface507 and anetwork506. Needless to say, thenetwork506 includes functionality similar to the networks described elsewhere in the present specification, as well as necessary radio interface networking functions, as the skilled person will realize.
• As will be discussed in more detail below, signaling between thevehicle500, or rather therack530 of transport units within thevehicle500, and other entities will entail exchanging information such as time stamps, amounts of cash as well as information relating to the actual cash transport procedures such as geographical information, security status of the transport units etc.
• The control andcommunication unit508 may comprise any suitable programmable circuitry and memory, as the skilled person will realize when implementing thevehicle500. The control andcommunication unit508 is hence provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions that, when executed, provide signals to the various functional units within thevehicle500 as well as communication signals with other entities in a cash handling system.
• Althoughtransport units531 are conveyed by thevehicle500, it is not necessary that any information contained in a transport unit is accessible to the vehicle, i.e. the transport unit rack in the vehicle, or to any vehicle staff. Such a configuration may be obtained by appropriate mechanical and/or electric configuration of therack530 and/or thetransport units531 themselves.
• Thecash transport unit600 illustrated inFIG. 6 comprises a cash input/output unit610 that is configured such that it is capable of being mechanically connected with a cash handling apparatus and a docking station, e.g. any of thearrangements202,302 and352 described above, and thereby configured to convey cash to and from thetransport unit600. The cash input/output unit610 is configured such that it conveys cash to acash storage unit611 connected to the cash input/output unit610. Mechanical engagement and disengagement between the input/output unit610 and other entities is controlled, via anengager609. Thecash storage unit611 is arranged within thetransport unit600 such that it is secure from tampering and thereby stops unauthorized access to stored cash. This separation of thetransport unit600 into two sections, a secure section containing thestorage unit611 and a non-secure section containing the other units, will be discussed further below in connection with another embodiment of a transport unit.
• A control andcommunication unit608 is connected to, and configured to control, the cash input/output unit610 during mechanical engaging and disengaging with other entities and during conveying of cash. The control andcommunication unit608 is also connected to, and configured to control, asignaling interface unit612. The control andcommunication unit608 may comprise any suitable programmable circuitry and memory, as the skilled person will realize when implementing thetransport unit600. The control andcommunication unit608 is hence provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions that, when executed, provide signals to the various functional units within thetransport unit600 as well as communication signals with other entities in a cash handling system.
• The signalinginterface unit612 is configured to be connected with a corresponding signaling interface unit in a cash handling apparatus, e.g. any ofcash handling apparatuses202,302 anddocking station352 described above, and thereby configured to convey signaling information and data to and from these apparatuses. As will be discussed in more detail below, signaling will entail exchanging information relating to cash transactions such as time stamps, amounts of cash input or cash output etc. as well as information relating to cash transport procedures during interaction with a cash handling apparatus and docking station such as time stamps, identification and authorization information etc. as well as cash amounts.
• Thetransport unit700 inFIG. 7 is similar to thetransport unit600 described above and hence comprises a cash input/output unit710 comprising acash storage unit711, a control and communication unit708 and asignaling interface unit712. Mechanical engagement and disengagement between the input/output unit710 and other entities is controlled, via anengager709. Control of the different units in thetransport unit700 is hence performed in a similar manner as already described. For example, the control and communication unit708 is provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions that, when executed, provide signals to the various functional units within thetransport unit700 as well as communication signals with other entities in a cash handling system.
• In addition to these components, thetransport unit700 also comprises a radiofrequency transceiver unit732, anantenna733, aradio interface707 for communication with other entities, such as cash centers, vehicles, transport service control centers etc. as will be exemplified below, via anetwork706. Needless to say, thenetwork706 includes functionality similar to the networks described elsewhere in the present specification, as well as necessary radio interface networking functions, as the skilled person will realize.
• Signaling between thetransport unit700 and other entities will entail exchanging information such as time stamps, amounts of cash as well as information relating to the actual cash transport procedures such as geographical information, security status of the transport unit etc. For example, by incorporating apositioning unit715 such as a Global Positioning System, GPS, receiver in thetransport unit700 and connected to the control and communication unit708 and possibly also to thesignaling interface unit712, information regarding the exact geographical position of thetransport unit700 may be communicated to other entities with which thetransport unit700 communicates. Simpler geographical tracking may be obtained by configuring a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag into thetransport unit700 and incorporating thetransport unit700 in a RFID system.
• Thetransport unit800 inFIG. 8 is similar to thetransport units600,700 described above and hence comprises a cash input/output unit810, acash storage unit811, a control andcommunication unit808 and asignaling interface unit812. Mechanical engagement and disengagement between the input/output unit810 and other entities is controlled, via anengager819. Control of the different units in thetransport unit800 is hence performed in a similar manner as already described. For example, the control andcommunication unit808 is provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions that, when executed, provide signals to the various functional units within thetransport unit800 as well as communication signals with other entities in a cash handling system.
• Thetransport unit800 is divided into asecure part801 and anon-secure part803 as indicated by a dashedline840. Thesecure part801 is configured such that unauthorized access to thestorage unit811 is prevented. Furthermore, thetransport unit800 also comprises auser interface unit813 in the form of a display and keypad, for example in the form of a touch sensitive display unit where information regarding thetransport unit800 is displayed and via which an operator, i.e. a person carrying thetransport unit800, may enter information for processing in the control andcommunication unit808. Displayed information may include a destination address and other status and operational information.
• Ink dye protection is provided by way of a firstink dye system807 configured within thesecure part801 of thetransport unit800 and a secondink dye system809 configured within thenon-secure part801 of thetransport unit800. Bothink dye systems807 and809 are connected to the control andcommunication unit808 and comprise sensors for sensing unauthorized access to any of the secure and non-secure parts of thetransport unit800, for communicating signals to the control andcommunication unit808 and for activating ink dyeing of cash. Alternatively, any of theink dye systems807,809 may operate independently without connection to the control andcommunication unit808.
• Any of thetransport units600,700,800 described above may be configured such that it operates as a cash deposit apparatus, e.g. located at a teller in a shop. Such a configuration may simply entail mechanical mounting arrangements that allow easy access for a teller when feeding notes into the transport unit, while at the same time allowing for removal when ready to be moved by, e.g., a cash transport service. Preferably, a transport unit configured as a deposit apparatus is configured with a user interface that facilitate the use of the transport apparatus when notes are deposited (typically performed manually by a teller). Moreover, such a transport apparatus configuration may comprise a note validator, i.e. arrangements in the input/output unit capable of validate whether or not a note is acceptable or potentially counterfeit. Such a cash deposit apparatus may or may not be connected to a shop control and communication system. Although a transport unit configured as a deposit apparatus is mainly intended for deposit operations, it may also be configured to provide output of notes.
• Moreover, any of thetransport units600,700,800 described above may be configured with access control configured such that it is necessary for an operator, i.e. a person who is to operate it to connect to an entity in the cash handling system, to authorize by using an access controller to activate circuitry in the transport unit. Such access controller may be of any suitable type, including biometric sensors and more simple password/PIN access controllers.
• Furthermore, although thetransport units600,700,800 described above are typically configured to operate in connection with other types of entities in a cash handling system, it is also feasible that two transport units interact directly with each other (including transport units of any other type than those described herein), exchanging information as well as cash, with or without any interface.
• A cash transport unit (e.g.,600,700,800), such as those described above, and each cash handling entity (e.g.,cash apparatus202,cash docking station352, and ATM400) of the system are preferably provided with engagers (e.g.,209,309,409,609,709,819) that may be in the form of complementary mechanical formations that co-operate with one another to retain the cash transport unit and a cash handling entity in pre-determined relative positions during flow of cash there between.
• In one embodiment, the mechanical formations of the engagers (e.g.,209,309,409,609,709,819) preferably comprise a releasable locking mechanism acting between the cash transport unit (e.g.,600,700,800) and a cash handling entity (e.g.,cash apparatus202,cash docking station352, and ATM400) for retaining the cash transport unit fast with the cash handling entity until a decision has been made to release the transport unit from the cash handling entity.
• The reasons for locking together the transport unit (e.g.,600,700,800) and the cash handling entity e.g.,cash apparatus202,cash docking station352, and ATM400) may be:
• a) security against interference with the transport unit or theft thereof, and
  b) safety, to prevent the transport unit tilting or falling with the danger of injury to an operative or member of the public.
• The releasable locking mechanism of the engagers (e.g.,209,309,409,609,709,819) is preferably electro-mechanically actuated.
• When the cash handling entity is an ATM (e.g.,400 inFIG. 4), and the cash transport unit (e.g.,800 inFIG. 8) is to be hand-carried, the complementary mechanical formations of the engagers (e.g.,409 inFIGS. 4 and 819 inFIG. 8) are preferably configured to support the weight of the cash transport unit when the unit is connected to the ATM.
• Preferably the complementary mechanical formations of theengagers409,809 then comprise at least one upwardly directed lug on the face of theATM400 and at least one downwardly directed hook on the opposing face of the transport unit so arranged as to permit the transport unit to be offered to the ATM and hooked onto the ATM, to assist in supporting the weight of the transport unit.
• Preferably the upwardly directed lug is constituted by an upwardly directed flange that extends adjacent to the upper margin of the front face of theATM400, and the hook is constituted by a downwardly directed flange depending from the housing of thetransport unit800.
• This provides a concealed connection between the two units.
• In one embodiment, the releasable locking mechanism preferably comprises one or more spring-loaded detents, which preferably project from the housing of thetransport unit800 and co-operate with respective detent recesses provided in the lower part of the front face of theATM400.
• The spring-loaded detents preferably each comprise a rounded detent head which may be in the form of a part-spherical head. This can provide a camming/snap-fit on pressing of the transport unit towards theATM400, after engagement of the hooks.
• TheATM400 andtransport unit800 are preferably provided with complementary downwardly-divergent guide formations so configured as to guide the transport unit towards said predetermined assembled position when the hooks are engaged over said ATM lugs and the transport unit is urged/moves downwards to fully engage the hooks and lugs.
• Thus the guide formations guide thetransport unit800 in the lateral direction as viewed facing theATM400, as the transport unit moves downwards on the ATM.
• The guide formations on theATM400 are conveniently provided by protruding portions of the vertical side frame members of the ATM.
• An electro-magnetically operated detent locking arrangement is preferably provided to lock the detent in the projected, locking position, the detent locking arrangement comprising, for example, a solenoid-operated pin extending through a bore in the detent when the detent is in a fully-projected position.
• Each detent locking arrangement may be used to provide a respective electrical connection between a respective circuit element of theATM400 and a respective circuit element of thetransport unit800.
• Each detent recess may be provided in a respective pad that is insulated from the surrounding material in which the pad is seated.
• Since the detent recesses need not be very deep, they are easily cleanable in use, and should not attract attention by vandals.
• Preferably the circuit elements associated with the detent form part of a signalling circuit for providing signalling between theATM400 and thetransport unit800.
• When thetransport unit800 is required to receive power from theATM400, power connections between the ATM and the transport unit preferably comprise spring-loaded connector pins that engage with respective connector pads, the connector pins preferably being carried by the transport unit, and the connector pads by the ATM housing. (These may be of similar construction to those used on a car's fifth door/hatch-back.)
• In other words, mechanical engagement between a transport unit (e.g.,600,700,800), and another entity (e.g.,cash apparatus202,cash docking station352, and ATM400) in the cash handling system may be established in an active manner, by controlling engagers (e.g.,209,309,409,609,709,819), or in a more passive manner as described above.
• Although anATM400 has been used above to exemplify mechanical engagement, any other entity in a cash handling system may be configured with equal or similar arrangements for providing equal or similar functionality.
• Thecash center900 illustrated inFIG. 9 performs the function of being depositories for cash and receive and provide cash from and to transport units. Acash docking station952 is connected to a communication andcontrol system904 and is configured to interact with a cash transport apparatus at least in such a manner that it receives cash from a transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 described above, and provides output of cash into any type of cash container, such as bags and boxes including any type of transport unit such as thetransport units600,700,800 described above. However, output of cash may also be provided in the most simple manner by simply dumping cash through a chute or similar mechanical arrangement. Aprinter917 may be connected to the communication andcontrol system904.
• Hence, similar to thecash docking station352 described above in connection withFIG. 3, thecash docking station952 comprises a cash input/output unit960 that is configured to receive input of cash from a transport unit and provide output of cash into, e.g. bags and boxes. The cash input/output unit960 is also configured such that it is capable of storing cash that has been input, until a later time when output is desired, for example at a time immediately prior to removing the cash from thecash center900.
• Further, a control andcommunication unit958 is connected to, and configured to control, the cash input/output unit960 as well as asignaling interface unit962. Mechanical engagement and disengagement between the input/output unit960 and a transport unit600 (FIG. 6),700 (FIG. 7) may hence be controlled, viaengagers909 in the input/output unit960, by the control andcommunication unit958 that, preferably, cooperates with a corresponding controller in a transport unit. However, mechanical engagement may also be established in a more passive manner without control by the control andcommunication unit958, as described above.
• The control andcommunication unit958 may comprise any suitable programmable circuitry and memory, as the skilled person will realize when implementing thecash docking station352.
• The signalinginterface unit962 is configured to be connected with a corresponding signaling interface unit in a cash transport unit, e.g. any of thetransport units600,700,800 described above, and thereby configured to convey signaling information and data to and from the transport unit. As will be discussed in more detail below, signaling between a cash docking station and a transport unit will entail exchanging information relating to cash transactions such as time stamps, amounts of cash input or cash output etc. as well as information relating to cash transport procedures during interaction with a cash transport unit such as time stamps, identification and authorization information etc. as well as cash amounts.
• Thecash center900 is connected, via the control andcommunication unit904, to anetwork906. As the skilled person will realize, thenetwork906 may be any suitably configured communication network including both wired and wireless networks. As will be discussed in more detail below, communication over thenetwork906 will entail transmission of signaling information and data between thecash center900, other cash centers and banks, as well as shops, ATMs, vehicles and transport units, relating to cash transactions as well as cash transport operations.
• Thebank1000 illustrated inFIG. 10 performs functions such as keeping records associated with bank accounts belonging to customers such as shops and individual customers, as the skilled person will realize. The functionality needed to perform such bank functions include adatabase1060 and a communication andcontrol system1004. Information relating to transactions with other entities in a cash handling system, such as thesystem100 discussed above, are conveyed via the communication andcontrol system1004 and anetwork1006 Turning now toFIG. 11, acash docking station1100 having a very simple configuration will be described. Acash input unit1110 and asignal connector1112 are configured to mate with acash transport unit1116, such as any of the transport units discussed above. Thecash input unit1110 is connected, via acash flow path1114, to acash output unit1111 to which acash receiving arrangement1160 is optionally attachable. Thecash receiving arrangement1160 may be any container configured to receive and hold cash, such as a bag, box, ATM cash box etc.
• Thesignal connector1112 is connected too thecash input unit1110 in such a manner that it provides an indication of an established mating between a transport unit and thedocking station1100. This connection and indication may be in a form of a purely mechanical interface, not involving electrical signaling, the operation of which triggers the docking station to receive cash from the matedtransport unit1116 and to convey the cash via thecash flow path1114 and theoutput unit1111, outputting the cash to an operator directly or indirectly into a bag, box etc. as indicated by the receivingarrangement1160. Thesignal connector1112 and it's effect on thecash input unit1110 may also be configured such that electric signaling is involved, as exemplified above in connection withFIGS. 3 and 9.
• Although not shown inFIG. 11, thedocking station1100 may be configured in a manner that is “reverse” to that inFIG. 11. That is, thecash input unit1110 and thecash output unit1111 may be interchanged to allow input of cash from any suitable type of cash providing apparatus, including simple manual feeding of cash by hand as well as any cash transport unit such as a stacker box, a cash bag etc. Output of cash in such a “reverse” docking station may be to a transport box, such as any transport box described above.
• Turning now toFIG. 12, a more elaboratedcash docking station1200 will be described. Similar to thedocking apparatus1100 described above, thecash docking station1200 comprises acash input unit1210 configured to mate with acash transport unit1216, such as any of the transport units discussed above, viarespective engagers1209,1219. Thecash input unit1210 is connected, via a firstcash flow path1215, a cash storage andprocessing unit1213 and a secondcash flow path1217, to acash output unit1211 to which acash receiving arrangement1260 is optionally attachable. Thecash receiving arrangement1260 may be any container configured to receive and hold cash, such as a bag, box, ATM cash box etc., but also more simple configurations are possible such as simple stacking of notes.
• Adocking station controller1208 is configured to receive and process signals from an inputunit signal connector1212 and an outputunit signal connector1214, as well as other input units such as a printer, keypad or touchsensitive display1223 and from external signal sources from entities of acommunication network1206 via acommunication interface1222. Examples of entities connected to the network include cash centers (including a cash center at which thedocking station1200 is arranged) as well as banks. Signals originating in the cash storage andprocessing unit1213 are also handled by thecontroller1208.
• As indicated inFIG. 12, thecash docking station1200 is arranged in awall1240 between afirst environment1241 and asecond environment1242. The first andsecond environment1241,1242 may represent a respective non-protected and protected part of a cash center, vehicle, bank or shop etc. Typically, protected entails at least protection from physical access by unauthorized persons and may involve mechanical and electrical barriers. As indicated by the dashedline1240′, thecash docking station1200 itself may also be configured such that it is divided into a non-protected and protected part, each forming part of thefirst environment1241 andsecond environment1242, respectively.
• In operation, thedocking station controller1208 detects, via the inputunit signal connector1216, that atransport unit1216 is attached to thecash input unit1210 and that thecash output unit1211 is ready to receive cash via the firstcash flow path1215, the cash storage andprocessing unit1213 and the secondcash flow path1217. Although not shown in detail inFIG. 12,input1219, connected to thedocking station controller1208 may be configured to be operated by an operator providing thetransport unit1216, such a keypad and a smart card reader etc. The detection that thecash output unit1211 is ready to receive cash may, for example, be via the outputunit signal connector1214 or via any other signal communicator, including thekeypad1223 and a network connected entity. Then, by providing signals toengagers1219 in thetransport unit1216, theengager1209 of thecash input unit1210, thecash input unit1210, the first and secondcash flow paths1215,1217, the cash storage andprocessing unit1213 and thecash output unit1211, cash is conveyed from thetransport unit1216 and thecash output unit1260.
• The operational control performed by thecontroller1208 may further be dependent on an exchange of authentication and authorization information between thetransport unit1216 and thecontroller1208. For example, as will be exemplified further below, an operator bringing atransport unit1216 to thedocking station1200 may be requested to perform an authentication procedure by providing a PIN code via the keypad before thecash input unit1210 is enabled, by thecontroller1208, to connect to thetransport unit1216.
• During the conveying of cash, the cash storage andprocessing unit1213 may perform a number of operations, including note validation (i.e. detection of potentially counterfeit notes), note fitness sorting, denomination sorting, foreign denomination sorting, detection of facing and orientation.
• By configuring thedocking station1200 in a vehicle, such as any of thevehicles116,118 in the system depicted inFIG. 1, it is possible to provide a roaming cash center. Such a roaming cash center may perform many of the functions typically performed at a cash center with added advantages such as increased flexibility, speed and security. For example, a roaming cash center with a docking station that is configured to receive cash from transport units and to provide output of cash into typical ATM cash boxes will be able to operate more efficiently. In contrast to prior art operation, such a roaming cash center will spend less time moving from shops where cash is picked up to cash centers where cash is conveyed via docking stations into ATM cash boxes that in turn are transported to ATMs. When operating the docking station in such a scenario, it may be desirable to configure the cash storage andprocessing unit1213 to operate as an accumulator of cash, i.e. performing an intermediate storage function, for use during such operations involving re-packing of cash from a first type of transport unit to another type of transport unit.
• Turning now toFIGS. 13,14 and15, flow of cash and signals in a cash handling system, such as thesystem100 described with reference toFIG. 1 and embodiments of system units such as those described with reference toFIGS. 2-12, will now be described in more detail. A central concept that will be used, and in fact has already been briefly mentioned in the description above, is the concept of transactions. A transaction is to be interpreted as a sequence of events that takes place between at least two entities in a cash handling system such as thesystem100 described above. During a transaction a transfer of information and/or cash takes place between the involved entities. The duration of a transaction is difficult to specify and may vary within a large interval of time. That is, a transaction may involve actions to be performed manually by a person and also involve exchange of cash and/or information that require acknowledgements from a receiving entity to the providing entity, and if any acknowledging entity is delayed for some reason, the transaction may be delayed for any amount of time. However, a transaction is typically a sequence of information and cash exchanging events that take place during a short time interval.
• As briefly discussed above, information that is exchanged between entities during transactions in a cash handling system includes time stamps pertaining to transactions and any other event, identification and authorization information as well as cash amounts. This information is typically data that is stored within memory that form part of control and communication circuitry in the different entities involved in a transaction.
• An important concept involved in many transactions is that of ownership of cash. A change of ownership of cash may be a central issue in a transaction and hence be the subject of several exchanges of information signals between different entities in a cash handling system. Ownership of a specified amount of cash is typically registered at a trusted entity in a cash handling system, typically at a bank, in the form of a level of assets that may be claimed by an owner in the form of cash. Hence, the information that is exchanged between entities during transactions in a cash handling system may also include instructions to change ownership of specific amounts, typically corresponding to a specific amount of cash being conveyed between two interacting entities in the cash handling system.
• The processing steps, the control steps as well as the signaling steps that are to be described below are typically performed by way of interacting control and communication units in the respective entities in a cash handling system. These control and communication units are provided with one or more computer programs comprising software instructions as described above.
• Now, primarily with reference toFIGS. 1,13aand13b, a sequence of events and transactions will be described involving flow of cash and flow of information signals in acash handling system100. The sequence is initiated atATM102, continues viatransport unit110 todocking station117 incash center120 andbank124.FIG. 13ais a diagram illustrating exchange of signals and cash between the different entities involved andFIG. 13bis a flowchart illustrating the processing and signaling steps performed by the entities.
• In a triggeringstep1301, theATM102 determines by way of sensing and control circuitry (e.g.,411 inFIG. 4) that the ATM's supply of cash is close to being exhausted. The ATM establishes a communication channel with thebank124 to which it is affiliated and performs a signaling sequence with thebank124 during whichinformation exchange1302 takes place. Typically, information that is exchanged includes an ATM identifier and a timestamp indicating an estimated time when theATM102 expects to be out of cash.
• During the triggeringstep1301, thebank124 establishes a communication channel with thecash center120 andexchanges information1304 including an order to provide cash to theATM102. Typically,information1304 that is exchanged between thebank124 and thecash center120 includes the ATM identifier, possibly also complemented with the location of theATM102, an amount of cash that is to be supplied to theATM102 as well as a time indicating when, at the latest, the ATM is to be supplied with the cash. Additionally, the order may also comprise instructions to retrieve, from the ATM, any notes of cash that is unfit for circulation, such as unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes. The order from thebank124 to thecash center120 to provide cash to theATM102 results in that thetransport unit110 is loaded, in acash loading step1303, with cash by using thedocking station117 at thecash center120.
• During thecash loading step1303, communication and control circuitry (e.g.,958 and904 inFIG. 9) in thedocking station117 and thecash center120 communicate, during which at least information pertaining to theinformation1304 in the order is provided to thedocking station117. Thedocking station117 and thetransport unit110, which is mechanically and electrically attached to thedocking station117, then communicate andexchange information1308 at least pertaining to theinformation1304 in the order, whereby thetransport unit110 is made ready to receive cash. If necessary, this information transfer is performed following an appropriate AAA-protocol.Cash1310 is then conveyed from thedocking station117 to thetransport unit110. Engagers incorporated in respective cash input/output units (e.g.,819 inFIGS. 8 and 1209 inFIG. 12) comprised in thetransport unit110 and thedocking station117 interact under supervision of a controller (e.g.,808 inFIGS. 8 and 1208 inFIG. 12) in thetransport unit110 and thedocking station117.
• After any post-processing such as logging of the cash transfer etc. between thedocking station117 and thetransport unit110, thecash transport unit110 is then transported to theATM102. As exemplified elsewhere in this specification, the actual moving of thecash transport unit110 may be realized by way of a vehicle or in any other way. If, for example, thecash center120 is located close to theATM102, moving thetransport unit110 may simply entail an operator carrying thetransport unit120 to theATM102.
• After mechanical attachment and electric connection of thetransport unit120 to theATM102, aninitiation step1305 takes place. During theinitiation step1305 exchange ofinformation1312 is performed between the ATM and thetransport unit110 and theinformation1312 is processed in each of theATM102 and thetransport unit110 in order to ensure that provision of cash is made possible in accordance with the order previously sent from thebank124 to thecash center120. Specifically, a number of operations are performed following an appropriate authentication, authorization and accounting protocol (AAA-protocol). Thereby, the controller (e.g.,808 inFIG. 8) in thetransport unit110 recognizes that theATM102 is in fact the designated ATM to which a specific amount of cash is to be provided and that there is no risk of an unauthorized entity receiving the cash.
• In acash conveying step1307, the specific amount ofcash1314 is conveyed from thetransport unit110 to the ATM and any unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes are retrieved from theATM102. During this step, engagers (e.g.,409 inFIGS. 4 and 819 inFIG. 8) incorporated in respective cash input/output units (e.g.,410 inFIGS. 4 and 810 inFIG. 8) comprised in theATM102 and thetransport unit110 interact under supervision of a controller (e.g.408 inFIGS. 4 and 808 inFIG. 8) in theATM102 as well as thetransport unit110.
• Following thecash conveying step1307 is aconfirmation step1309 during whichinformation1316 relating to the progress and success of the cash conveying is exchanged between theATM102 and thetransport unit110. Typically, theATM102 provides information confirming that the amount of cash received from thetransport unit102 is equal to the specific amount of cash that was desired. Such information, typically also including at least a time stamp of the event, is logged and stored in memory (e.g., memory incontrollers408 inFIGS. 4 and 808 inFIG. 8) in theATM102 as well as in thetransport unit110. Displaying and printing, using a display and a printer (e.g.,419 inFIG. 4), of such logging information is typically also performed and thereby providing, e.g., a written receipt of the transaction to an operator of thetransport unit110. After this information exchange, the input/output units of theATM102 and thetransport unit110 are controlled to detach from each other.
• During theconfirmation step1309, theATM102exchanges information1318 with thebank124. This information exchange typically includes the same information as exchanged between theATM102 and thetransport unit110 previously during theconfirmation step1309 as discussed above, having a purpose of providing a confirmation to thebank124 that theorder1304 sent to thecash center120 has been performed successfully.
• After being mechanically and electrically disengaged from theATM102, thetransport unit110 is returned in amovement step1311 to thecash center120. Although not illustrated inFIGS. 13aand13b, thetransport unit110 may have performed any number of procedures providing cash to other ATM's than theATM102 as discussed above before performing thereturn movement1311 to thecash center120.
• When arriving at thecash center120, the transport unit is again attached to thedocking station117 and aninitiation step1313 takes place. During thisinitiation step1313, thetransport unit110 provides information pertaining to any transactions that have been performed with any ATM. If necessary, this information transfer is performed following an appropriate AAA-protocol.
• Then, in acash conveying step1315, any remainingcash1322 in thetransport unit110 is conveyed to thedocking station117, including any unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes.
• In aconfirmation step1315information1324 relating to the progress and success of the cash conveying between the transport unit and thedocking station117 is exchanged, similar to theconfirmation step1309 performed between thetransport unit110 and the ATM. Displaying and printing, using a display and a printer (e.g.917 inFIG. 9), of such logging information is typically also performed and thereby providing, e.g., a written receipt of the transactions performed by thetransport unit110 to an operator at the cash center. After this information exchange, the input/output units of thetransport unit110 and thedocking station117 are typically controlled to detach from each other.
• Operators at thecash center120 then communicate with thedocking station117, for example via a keypad (e.g.1223 inFIG. 12) on the docking station or via a cash center communication network (e.g.906 inFIGS. 9 and 1206 inFIG. 12) to which thedocking station117 is connected. During this communication,information1326 is exchanged, typically regarding amounts of cash stored in the docking station as well as instructions to thedocking station117 to provide and receivecash1328. For example, instructions may be provided in order to make thedocking station117 output cash into bags or into any other suitable cash container for storage or for further conveying to a bank etc. Instructions may also be provided to thedocking station117 in order to make thedocking station117 receive cash.
• Finally, in aconfirmation step1321, thecash center120 again communicates with thebank124 andexchanges information1330, typically pertaining to any transactions performed that relate to previous orders to supply cash to theATM102 and any other ATM that has been subject to such ordered cash supply transactions.
• Now, primarily with reference toFIGS. 1,14aand14b, a sequence of events and transactions will be described involving flow of cash and flow of information signals in acash handling system100, involving also a vehicle such as the vehicle described in connection withFIG. 5. The sequence is initiated at one ormore customers101, paying for articles or services at ashop108, continues viatransport unit114 andvehicle118 tocash center122 andbank126.FIG. 14ais a diagram illustrating exchange of signals and cash between the different entities involved andFIG. 14bis a flowchart illustrating the processing and signaling steps performed by the involved entities.
• The sequence of events begins with acustomer payment step1401, which for the sake of clarity is described as a single step being representative of a large number of customer payments events that, for example, are performed during a period of one day in theshop108, such as any of the shops described with reference toFIG. 2 andFIG. 3. During thecustomer payment step1401, thecustomer101 interacts with theshop108 via a cash handling apparatus and a shop control and communication system, such as any of thecash handling apparatuses202 and302 and control andcommunication systems204 and304, as described with reference toFIGS. 2 and 3, respectively. The interaction between thecustomer101 and theshop108 may entail assistance from a teller or the customer may interact without assistance in a “self-checkout” manner.Cash1402 is provided from thecustomer101 to theshop108 andconfirmation information1404, typically in the form of a receipt of the articles or services paid for, is provided by theshop108 to thecustomer101.
• Acash transport unit114 is then brought to theshop108 and mechanically and electrically attached to the cash handling apparatus in theshop108, as discussed above, after which aninitiation step1403 takes place. During theinitiation step1403 exchange ofinformation1406 is performed between the cash handling apparatus in theshop108 and thetransport unit114, typically performed following an appropriate AAA-protocol where at least identification information is exchanged in order to authorize thetransport unit114 to receive cash from the cash handling apparatus in theshop108, and vice versa. Theinformation1406 further comprises at least data regarding a specific amount of cash that is to be conveyed to thetransport unit114. Theinformation1406 may also comprise data regarding amounts of cash that is to be conveyed from thetransport unit114 to the cash handling apparatus in theshop108. For example, theshop108 may have a particular need for specific denominations of notes or a specific currency. It is typically also desirable to convey unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes from the cash handling apparatus in theshop108 to thetransport unit114. Hence, during theinitiation step1406, thetransport unit114 may confirm that cash is also to be provided to theshop108, in addition to receiving cash from theshop108.
• Then, in acash conveying step1405, the specific amount ofcash1408, including any unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes, is conveyed from the cash handling apparatus in theshop108 to thetransport unit114 and any specific amount ofcash1408 is conveyed from thetransport unit114 to theshop108. During this step, electric, mechanical and engagers (e.g.,209 inFIGS. 2 and 819 inFIG. 8) incorporated in respective cash input/output units (e.g.,210 inFIGS. 2 and 810 inFIG. 8) comprised in the cash apparatus in theshop108 and thetransport unit114 interact under supervision of a controller (e.g.204 inFIGS. 2 and 808 inFIG. 8) in the cash apparatus in theshop108 as well as thetransport unit114.
• Following thecash conveying step1405 is aconfirmation step1407 during whichinformation1410 relating to the progress and success of the cash conveying is exchanged between the cash apparatus in theshop108 and thetransport unit114. Typically, thetransport apparatus114 provides information confirming that the amount of cash received from the cash apparatus in theshop108 is equal to the specific amount of cash that was negotiated during theinitiation step1403. Such information, typically also including at least a time stamp of the event, is logged and stored in a memory (e.g., memory in thecontrollers204 inFIGS. 2 and 808 inFIG. 8) in theshop108 as well as in thetransport unit114. Displaying and printing, using a display and a printer (e.g.,217 inFIG. 2), of such logging information is typically also performed and thereby providing, e.g., a written receipt of the transaction to staff in theshop108 and to an operator of thetransport unit114. Moreover, during theconfirmation step1407, theshop108 and thebank126 establishes a connection andexchanges confirmation information1412 that at least comprises data pertaining to the conveying of cash between the cash apparatus in theshop108 and thetransport unit114. Although not explicitly illustrated inFIG. 14a, thetransport unit114 may also take part in this exchange ofconfirmation information1412 with thebank124, for example for the purpose of confirming to thebank124 that it has received a specific amount of cash from theshop108. Information that is communicated with thebank124 may include instructions to change ownership of the specific amount that was conveyed. For example, as a result of the instructions, when these have been acted upon by thebank124, a bank account belonging to theshop108 may be credited with the amount of cash that has been conveyed to thetransport unit114.
• After this information exchange, the input/output units (e.g.,210 inFIGS. 2 and 810 inFIG. 8) of the cash apparatus in theshop108 and thetransport unit114 are controlled to detach from each other.
• In a transportunit moving step1409, thetransport unit114 is moved into thevehicle118 for transport to thecash center122, possibly via further visits to shops where cash is conveyed in procedures similar to the procedure described above with regard tosteps1401 to1407. In thevehicle118, which for the purpose of this embodiment is realized by thevehicle500 described above in connection withFIG. 5, thetransport unit114 is electrically and mechanically connected to thetransport unit rack530.
• When connected to therack530, thetransport unit114 and the control andcommunication unit508 in thevehicle118 perform aninitiation step1411. During theinitiation step1411,information1414 is exchanged between thetransport unit114 and thevehicle118. Theinformation1414 comprises, in addition to any necessary identification and authentication information with respect to thetransport unit114, information regarding at least pertaining to the transactions performed duringsteps1401 to1407 described above. Hence, identification information regarding shops and amounts of cash conveyed from shops is received by the control andcommunication unit508 in thevehicle118.
• In asubsequent confirmation step1413, the control andcommunication unit508 in thevehicle118 communicates via the radiofrequency transceiver unit532,antenna533,radio interface507 andnetwork506 with thecash center122. During this communication,information1416 is exchanged between thevehicle118 and thecash center122, the information comprising at least identification information regarding shops and amounts of cash conveyed from shops as described above with reference tosteps1401 to1407. Thisconfirmation step1413 is preferably performed within a very short time interval from thesteps1409 and1411, when thetransport unit114 connects with thevehicle118, in order to provide thecash center122 with up to date information that may pertain to the ability to supervise (possibly via the transportservice control center128 as discussed above) thevehicle118. Such supervision may be terms of security measures to be taken in case of unauthorized access to thevehicle118 is attempted.
• In order to further facilitate for thecash center122, or the transportservice control center128 acting on instructions from thecash center122, to supervise thevehicle118,status information1418 is exchanged between thevehicle118 and thecash center122 during astatus reporting step1415. Needless to say, thestatus reporting step1415 may be repeated any number of times during the time thevehicle118 is conveying cash among entities in thesystem100. Thestatus information1418 may include geographical location information as well as any other security related information.
• When thevehicle118 arrives at thecash center122, thetransport unit118 is attached to thedocking station121 and aninitiation step1417 takes place. During thisinitiation step1417, thetransport unit114 provides information pertaining to any transactions that have been performed with any shop, including the transactions performed withshop108 as described above with reference tosteps1401 to1407.
• Then, in acash conveying step1419,cash1422 in thetransport unit114 is conveyed to thedocking station121, including any unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes.
• In aconfirmation step1421information1424 relating to the progress and success of the cash conveying between the transport unit and thedocking station121 is exchanged, similar to theconfirmation step1407 performed between thetransport unit114 and theshop108. Displaying and printing, using a display and a printer (e.g.,917 inFIG. 9), of such logging information is typically also performed and thereby providing, e.g., a written receipt of the transactions performed by thetransport unit114 to an operator at thecash center122. After this transfer ofinformation1424, thedocking station121 and thecash center122 connect with each other andexchanges information1426, typically information from thedocking station121 reporting and confirming that cash has been received from thetransport unit114. The input/output units (e.g.,810 inFIGS. 8 and 1210 inFIG. 12) of thetransport unit114 and thedocking station121 are then typically controlled to detach from each other.
• Thecash center122 then connects with thebank126 andexchanges information1428, typically summarizing information from thedocking station121 and any other docking station reporting and confirming that cash has been received.
• Now, primarily with reference toFIGS. 1,15aand15b, a sequence of events and transactions will be described involving flow of cash and flow of information signals in acash handling system100. The sequence is initiated at ashop106, continues viatransport unit112 anddocking station119 toATM104.FIG. 15ais a diagram illustrating exchange of signals and cash between the different entities involved andFIG. 15bis a flowchart illustrating the processing and signaling steps performed by the involved entities.
• The scenario in which these sequence of events and transactions are part of, is one where thebank124, with which theATM104 is affiliated, and theshop106 have made an agreement which makes theshop106 responsible for providing cash to theATM104 on a regular basis. Typically, in such a scenario, theATM104 is located in or very near theshop106, thereby avoiding the need for a dedicated cash transport service involving vehicles conveying the cash. Thedocking station119 is typically located in a “back office” part of theshop106 and is under the control and supervision of shop staff.
• Prior to the sequence of events and transactions that characterize this embodiment, customers have interacted with theshop106 via a cash handling apparatus and a shop control and communication system, such as any of thecash handling apparatuses202 and302 and control andcommunication systems204 and304, as described with reference toFIGS. 2 and 3, respectively. As in other embodiments described elsewhere, the interactions between the customers and theshop106 may have entailed assistance from a teller or the customers may interacted without assistance in a “self-checkout” manner. In any case, shop staff has made a decision to remove some or all cash from the cash handling apparatus in theshop106 by way of thecash transport unit112.
• Hence, thecash transport unit112 is brought to theshop106 and mechanically and electrically attached to the cash handling apparatus in theshop106, for example as discussed above, after which aninitiation step1501 takes place. During theinitiation step1501 exchange ofinformation1502 is performed between the cash handling apparatus in theshop106 and thetransport unit112, typically performed following an appropriate AAA-protocol where at least identification information is exchanged in order to authorize thetransport unit112 to receive cash from the cash handling apparatus in theshop106, and vice versa. Theinformation1502 further comprises at least data regarding a specific amount of cash that is to be conveyed to thetransport unit112.
• Then, in acash conveying step1503, the specific amount ofcash1504 is conveyed from the cash handling apparatus in theshop106 to thetransport unit112. During this step, engagers (e.g.,209 inFIGS. 2 and 819 inFIG. 8) incorporated in respective cash input/output units (e.g.,210 inFIGS. 2 and 810 inFIG. 8) comprised in the cash apparatus in theshop106 and thetransport unit112 interact under supervision of a controller (e.g.,204 inFIGS. 2 and 808 inFIG. 8) in the cash apparatus in theshop106 as well as thetransport unit112.
• Following thecash conveying step1503 is aconfirmation step1505 during whichinformation1506 relating to the progress and success of the cash conveying is exchanged between the cash apparatus in theshop106 and thetransport unit112. Typically, thetransport apparatus112 provides information confirming that the amount of cash received from the cash apparatus in theshop106 is equal to the specific amount of cash that was negotiated during theinitiation step1501. Such information, typically also including at least a time stamp of the event, is logged and stored in a memory (e.g., memory in thecontrollers204 inFIGS. 2 and 808 inFIG. 8) in theshop106 as well as in thetransport unit112. Displaying and printing, using a display and a printer (e.g.,217 inFIG. 2), of such logging information is typically also performed and thereby providing, e.g., a written receipt of the transaction to staff in theshop106 and to an operator of thetransport unit112. After this information exchange, the input/output units (e.g.,210 inFIGS. 2 and 810 inFIG. 8) of the cash apparatus in theshop106 and thetransport unit112 are controlled to detach from each other.
• In a transportunit moving step1507, thetransport unit112 is then moved, possibly via further visits to cash handling apparatuses where cash is conveyed in procedures similar to the procedure described above with regard tosteps1501 to1505, to the back-office docking station119.
• After mechanical and electric attachment of thetransport unit112 to thedocking station119, aninitiation step1509 takes place. During thisinitiation step1509, thetransport unit112 providesinformation1508 pertaining to any transactions that have been performed with any cash handling apparatus in theshop106, including the transactions performed as described above with reference tosteps1501 to1505. Typically, this transfer ofinformation1508 is performed following an appropriate AAA-protocol.
• Then, in acash conveying step1511,cash1510 in thetransport unit114 is conveyed to thedocking station119, including any unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes. The cash is stored in thedocking station119 for later retrieval and conveying to thetransport unit112 or any other transport unit authorized to connect with thedocking station119.
• In aconfirmation step1513information1512 relating to the progress and success of the cash conveying between thetransport unit112 and thedocking station119 is exchanged, similar to theconfirmation step1506 performed between thetransport unit112 and the cash handling apparatus in theshop106. Displaying and printing, using a display and a printer (e.g.,217 inFIG. 2), of such logging information is typically also performed and thereby providing, e.g., a written receipt of the transactions performed by thetransport unit112 to shop staff.
• After receiving direct instructions from thebank124 or by acting in accordance with agreed procedures, shop staff is now to perform a procedure of refilling theATM104 with cash. Needless to say, the time at which this refilling is ordered may vary depending on the specific situation. Information regarding the refilling procedure, such as the amount of cash that theATM104 requires, may form part of direct instructions or may be stipulated in accordance with agreed procedures. A simple example of an agreed procedure may entail that the shop106 (i.e. shop staff) is to refill theATM104 once every day with as much cash as a cash storage unit (e.g.,415 inFIG. 4) in theATM104 can store.
• During aninitiation step1517, thedocking station119 and thetransport unit112, which has been mechanically and electrically connected to thedocking station119, communicate andexchange information1514. As exemplified above, theinformation1514 includes at least an identifier of the transport unit and typically also information regarding the amount of cash that is to be conveyed. The transfer ofinformation1514 is typically performed following an appropriate AAA-protocol. This results in that thetransport unit112 is made ready to receive cash.Cash1516 is then conveyed from thedocking station119 to thetransport unit112 in acash conveying step1519 during which engagers (e.g.,309 inFIGS. 3 and 819 inFIG. 8) incorporated in respective cash input/output units (e.g.,360 inFIGS. 3 and 810 inFIG. 8)) comprised in thetransport unit112 and thedocking station119 interact under supervision of a controller (e.g.,358 inFIGS. 3 and 808 inFIG. 8) in thetransport unit112 and thedocking station119.
• After aconfirmation step1521, during whichinformation1518 regarding the previously performed conveying1519 ofcash1516 between thedocking station117 and thetransport unit110 is exchanged, thecash transport unit112 is transported to theATM104 during amovement step1523. Moving thetransport unit112 typically entails a shop staff carrying thetransport unit112 to theATM104.
• After mechanical attachment and electric connection of thetransport unit112 to theATM104, aninitiation step1525 takes place. During theinitiation step1525 exchange ofinformation1520 is performed between the ATM and thetransport unit112 and theinformation1520 is processed in each of theATM104 and thetransport unit112 in order to ensure that provision of cash is made possible in accordance with the instructions previously received, either directly from thebank124 or indirectly in accordance with an agreement between theshop106 and thebank124. Typically, a number of operations are performed following an appropriate authentication, authorization and accounting protocol (AAA-protocol). Thereby, the controller (e.g.,808 inFIG. 8) in thetransport unit112 recognizes that theATM104 is in fact the designated ATM to which an amount of cash is to be provided and that there is no risk of an unauthorized entity receiving the cash. Although the amount of cash to be provided to theATM104 may have been specified in terms of a predetermined sum, the amount of cash may also be unspecified, or possibly only be specified as an upper limit. If left unspecified, cash conveying is to be performed until theATM104 is fully loaded with cash.
• In acash conveying step1527, thecash1522 is conveyed from thetransport unit112 to theATM104. Additionally, any unfit notes not valid for circulation and potentially counterfeit notes may be retrieved from theATM104 into thetransport unit112. During this step, engagers (e.g.,409 inFIGS. 4 and 819 inFIG. 8) incorporated in respective cash input/output units (e.g.,410 inFIGS. 4 and 810 inFIG. 8) comprised in theATM104 and thetransport unit112 interact under supervision of a controller (e.g.,408 inFIGS. 4 and 808 inFIG. 8) in theATM104 as well as thetransport unit112.
• Following thecash conveying step1527 is aconfirmation step1529 during whichinformation1524 relating to the progress and success of the cash conveying1527 is exchanged between theATM104 and thetransport unit112. Typically, theATM104 provides information confirming the amount of cash received from thetransport unit102 is equal to the amount of cash that was desired. Such information, typically also including at least a time stamp of the event, is logged and stored in a memory (e.g., memory in thecontrollers408 inFIGS. 4 and 808 inFIG. 8) in theATM104 as well as in thetransport unit112. Displaying and printing, using a display and a printer (e.g.,419 inFIG. 4), of such logging information is typically also performed and thereby providing, e.g., a written receipt of the transaction to the shop staff operating thetransport unit112. After this information exchange, the input/output units of theATM104 and thetransport unit112 are controlled to detach from each other.
• Finally, during aconfirmation step1531, theATM104exchanges information1526 with thebank124. This information exchange typically includes the same information as exchanged between theATM104 and thetransport unit112 previously during theconfirmation step1529 as discussed above, having a purpose of providing a confirmation to thebank124 that theshop106 has performed in accordance with instructions.
• A variation of the procedure described above in connection withFIGS. 15aand15bis one in which steps1509 to1523 are omitted. That is, after conveying cash from theshop106 to thetransport unit112, the steps involving docking of thetransport unit112 with thedocking station119 may be omitted. In such a procedure, thetransport unit112 is immediately moved from theshop106, after having received cash from a cash handling apparatus, to theATM104 and the procedure continuing directly withsteps1525 to1531, as described above.
• The foregoing description of the invention illustrates and describes various embodiments of the present invention. As various changes could be made in the above construction without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention covers various modifications, combination, alterations, etc., of the above-described embodiments that are within the scope of the claims. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only selected embodiments of the invention, but the invention is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, and/or within the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. Furthermore, certain features and characteristics of each embodiments may be selectively interchanged and applied to other illustrated and non-illustrated embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (28)

1-113. (canceled)

114. A docking station for use in a note handling system, the docking station comprising:

a note input unit for receiving notes from a first note transport unit;

a note output unit for providing notes to a second note transport unit,

a signal communicator for exchanging information with at least one of said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit and for controlling flow of notes between said note input unit and said note output unit.

115. The docking station according toclaim 114, wherein said signal communicator is arranged to exchange information with both said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit.

116. The docking station according toclaim 114, wherein said signal communicator comprises a mechanical signal communicator.

117. The docking station according toclaim 114, wherein said signal communicator comprises an electric signal communicator.

118. A docking station for use in a note handling system, the docking station comprising:

a note input unit for receiving notes from a first note transport unit;

a note output unit for providing notes to a second note transport unit,

a signal communicator for exchanging information with at least one of said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit; and

a controller for controlling operation of said signal communicator, said note input unit, and said note output unit,

wherein said note input unit is positioned for access from a first environment representing a first level of security and wherein said note output unit is positioned for access from a second environment representing a second level of security higher than said first level of security.

119. The docking station according toclaim 118, wherein said signal communicator is arranged to exchange information with both said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit.

120. The docking station according toclaim 118, wherein the docking station comprises a non-protected part being accessible from the first environment and a protected part being accessible from the second environment, wherein the note input unit is in the non-protected part and the note output unit is in the protected part.

121. The docking station according toclaim 118, positioned in a wall at a cash center, said wall being positioned between said first environment and said second environment.

122. The docking station according toclaim 118, positioned in a wall in a vehicle.

123. The docking station according toclaim 120, further comprising a note storage and processing unit.

124. The docking station according toclaim 123, wherein said note storage and processing unit is in the protected part of the docking station.

125. The docking station according toclaim 123, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation note fitness sorting.

126. The docking station according toclaim 123, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation of denomination sorting.

127. The docking station according toclaim 123, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation of foreign currency sorting.

128. The docking station according toclaim 123, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation of note validation.

129. A docking station as claimed inclaim 118, said docking station, said first note transport unit, and said second note transport unit forming part of a cash handling system which further comprises a recycling-type point-of-sale note handling apparatus, said note handling apparatus interacting with said first note transport unit.

130. A method of controlling operation of a docking station in a note handling system, the docking station being configured to receive notes from a first note transport unit in the system, provide said notes to a second note transport unit in the system, and exchange information with said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit, the method comprising:

establishing a first signaling connection between the docking station and said first note transport unit,

communicating information signals between the docking station and said first note transport unit,

establishing a second signaling connection between the docking station and said second note transport unit,

communicating information signals between the docking station and said second note transport unit, and

based on said information signals, controlling exchange of notes from the first note transport unit to the docking station and controlling exchange of notes from the docking station to the second transport unit.

131. The method ofclaim 130, wherein said communicating information signals are used for controlling engagers to establish a mechanical engagement between the docking station and at least one of said first and second transport units.

132. The method ofclaim 130, wherein the communicating information signals are used for controlling engagers to release a mechanical engagement with at least one of said first and second transport units.

133. A docking station configured to interact with a first note transport unit and a second note transport unit in a note handling system, the docking station comprising a note input unit, a note output unit, and a control and communication unit, said control and communication unit being configured to:

establish a signaling connection with at least one of said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit;

control engagers to establish a mechanical engagement between at least one of said note input unit and said note output unit, and at least one of said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit;

control a flow of notes from said first note transport unit to the docking station and from the docking station to said second note transport unit;

communicate information signals between the docking station and at least one of said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit; and

control engagers to release said mechanical engagement.

134. The docking station according toclaim 133, wherein said control and communication unit being configured to:

establish a signaling connection with said first note transport unit, and establish a signaling connection with said second note transport unit;

control engagers to establish a first mechanical engagement between the note input unit and said first transport unit, and to establish a second mechanical engagement between the note output unit and said second transport unit;

communicate information signals between the docking station and both said first note transport unit and said second note transport unit; and

control engagers to release said first mechanical engagement and said second mechanical engagement.

135. The docking station according toclaim 133, for ther comprising a note storage and processing unit.

136. The docking station according toclaim 135, wherein said note storage and processing unit is in a protected part of the docking station.

137. The docking station according toclaim 135, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation of note fitness sorting.

138. The docking station according toclaim 135, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation of denomination sorting.

139. The docking station according toclaim 135, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation of foreign currency sorting.

140. The docking station according toclaim 135, wherein said cash storage and processing unit is configured to perform the operation of note validation.

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