US20090076486A1 - Multi-core connector system for interfacing first and second subsystems supporting air and electrical lines - Google Patents

Abstract

A multi-core connector system for interfacing first and second subsystems. The system includes a first multi-port connector provided on a first subsystem and supporting a first set of air-power supply-line connectors and electrical control signal connectors; and a second multi-port connector provided on a second subsystem and supporting a second set of air-power supply-line connectors and electrical control signal connectors. A first multi-port connector plug is adapted for connection to the first multi-port connector, and a second multi-port connector plug is adapted for connection to the second multi-port connector. A multi-core cable structure is provided for interconnecting the first and second multi-port connector plugs, and includes a plurality of air-supply tubes and a plurality of electrical control signal wires encased within a flexible casing. When the first multi-port connector plug is connected to the first multi-port connector and the second multi-port connector plug is connected to the second multi-port connector, then the first set of air-power supply-line connectors are operably connected to the second set of air-power supply-line connectors by way of said plurality of air-supply tubes, and also the first set of electrical control signal connectors are electrically connected to the second set of electrical control signal connectors by way of the plurality of electrical control signal wires. The multi-core connector system of the present invention can be used in diverse medical and industrial applications where interfacing air and electrical lines is required.

Description

RELATED CASES
• The present application is a Continuation of copending application Ser. No. 10/442,645 filed May 21, 2003; which is a Continuation-in-Part of: application Ser. No. 09/507,266 filed Feb. 18, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,973 B1; which is a Continuation-in-Part of application Ser. No. 08/882,927 filed Jun. 26, 1997, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/307,000 filed Sep. 16, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,198, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 07/627,240 filed Dec. 14, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,535; each said Application being incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of Invention
• The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for performing liposuction, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for performing liposuction in a mechanically assisted manner using powered expedients.
• 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
• Suction lipectomy, commonly known as liposuction or lipoxheresis, is a well known surgical procedure used for sculpturing or contouring the human body to increase the attractiveness of its form. In general, the procedure involves the use of a special type of curet known as a cannula, which is operably connected to a vacuum source. The cannula is inserted within a region of fatty tissue where removal thereof is desired, and the vacuum source suctions the fatty tissue through the suction aperture in the cannula and carries the aspirated fat away. Removal of fat cells by liposuction creates a desired contour that will retain its form.
• Presently, there are two widely accepted techniques of liposuction and each may be practiced using a conventional liposuction cannula. The first and most common method proposed by Yves-Gerard Illouz and described in the paper “Illouz's Technique of Body Contouring by Lipolysis” in Vol. 3, No. 3, July 1984 of Clinics in Plastic Surgery, involves making regular tunnels at a depth of at least 1 centimeter under the skin. According to this method, one or two insertions are made, with radial excursions of the cannula into the fatty tissue of the patient. The result is a multitude of concomitant sinuses formed below the subcutaneous fatty tissue, leaving intact as far as possible the connections between the skin and underlying tissue, thereby retaining the blood vessels, the lymphatics and the nerve endings. The second method is the original liposuction procedure proposed by U. K. Kesselring, described in “Body Contouring with Suction Lipectomy,” in Vol. 11, No. 3, July 1984, Clinics in Plastic Surgery. According to the technique, an entire layer of regular, deep fat is removed by aspiration through the cannula, leaving a smooth, deep surface of the residual panniculus. The space thus created is then compressed, optimally followed by skin retraction.
• Both of these prior art liposuction techniques require that the surgeon push and pull the entire cannula back and forth almost twenty times for each insertion made. Typically, twenty to thirty tunnels are made. This is necessary to ensure even removal of fat in the targeted region. During this procedure, the surgeon typically massages the flesh in the area of the aperture in the cannula, while at the same time thrusting the rod in and out of the tunnel. Due to the trauma involved during the procedure, the patient's skin turns black and blue for several weeks. Due to the physically exacting nature of the procedure, the surgeon typically comes out of an operating room extremely tired and suffers from muscular fatigue which prevents him from performing, for some time thereafter, delicate operations involved in ordinary plastic surgery.
• Recently, the use of a “guided cannula” has been proposed by R. de la Plaza, et al., described in “The Rationalization of Liposuction Toward a Safer and More Accurate Technique,” published in vol. 13, Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 1989. According to the technique, a cannula is used in conjunction with an outer guide sheath through which the cannula can slidably pass while held in place by the handle portion of the guide sheath. Once the cannula and its sheath have been introduced into the fatty tissue, the sheath guide remains in the tunnel and guides successive introductions of the cannula, keeping it in the same tunnel. While the use of this liposuction technique offers some advantages over the conventional unguided liposuction cannulas, the guided cannula nevertheless suffers from several significant shortcomings and drawbacks. In particular, the guided cannula requires manually thrusting the cannula through the guide sleeve repeatedly for each tunnel. Although this is a less physically demanding procedure, the surgeon must thrust the cannula even more times through each tunnel to achieve the desired effect and hence is still easily fatigued and prevented from performing, for some time thereafter, delicate operations involved in ordinary plastic surgery.
• In an attempt to solve the above-described problem, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,735,605 and 4,775,365 and 4,792,327 to Swartz disclose an assisted lipectomy cannula having an aspiration aperture which effectively travels along a portion of the length of the cannula, thereby obviating the necessity of the surgeon to repeatedly push the cannula in and out of the patient's subcutaneous tissue where fatty tissue is to be removed. While this assisted lipectomy cannula can operate on either air or electric power, it nevertheless suffers from several significant shortcomings and drawbacks. In particular, the device requires an outer tube with an elongated slot and an inner tube having a spiral slot which must be rotated inside the outer tube to effectuate a traveling aspiration aperture. In addition to the device's overall construction posing difficulties in assembly, cleaning and sterilization, use with a variety of cannulas and highly effective fat aspiration does not appear possible.
• In U.S. Pat. No. 5,112,302 to Cucin, Applicant discloses a powered liposuction instrument which offers significant improvements over the instruments disclosed in US Letters Patents above. However, the powered liposuction instrument designs taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,112,302 are not without shortcomings and drawbacks. In particular, these liposuction instrument designs employ a single cannula which is designed to reciprocate relative to the instrument housing by relatively large amounts (e.g. 1-10 centimeters). When using instruments of this prior art design, it is possible that such large scale movements of the cannula can accidently rupture tissue walls within the patient, causing complications which are best avoided by practicing surgeons at all costs.
• Accordingly, there is a great need in the art for a mechanically-assisted lipectomy instrument which overcomes the shortcomings and drawbacks of prior art lipectomy apparatus.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
• Thus, a primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for performing liposuction which assists the surgeon in the removal of fat and other subcutaneous tissue (such as but not restricted to gynecomastia, ______) from surrounding tissue, with increased control, patient-safety, and without promoting physical fatigue.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such apparatus in the form of a hand-holdable liposuction instrument having a cannula assembly, in which the location of the aspiration aperture is periodically displaced as the inner or outer cannula undergoes sliding movement relative to the hand-holdable housing.
• Another object is to provide such a liposuction instrument in which the rate of reciprocation and the amount of excursion of the aspiration aperture, are selectively adjustable by the surgeon during the course of operation.
• Another object the present invention is to provide such a liposuction instrument which can be driven by air or electricity.
• A further object of the present invention is to provide such a liposuction instrument, in which the cannula assembly can be simply detached from the hand-holdable housing for ease of replacement and/or sterilization.
• An even further object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of performing liposuction, in which one of the cannulas of the cannula assembly is automatically reciprocated back and forth relative to the hand-holdable housing, to permit increased control over the area of subcutaneous tissue where fatty and other soft tissue is to be aspirated.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein means are provided along the cannula assembly to effecting hemostasis during liposuction procedures and the like.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein the hemostasis means is realized using RF-based electro-cauterization.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such a power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein RF-based electro-cauterization is carried out by providing electro-cauterizing electrodes along the cannula assembly and supplying to these electrodes, a RF signal of sufficient power to achieve electro-coagulation and thus hemostasis during liposuction procedures.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such a power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein the outer cannula is realized from a non-conductive material and electro-cauterizing electrode elements are inserted within the aspiration apertures thereof and electrical wiring embedded along the outer cannula and connected to a contact pad embedded within the base portion thereof, and wherein the inner cannula is made from an electrically conductive material which establishes electrical contact with contact brushes mounted within the central bore of the base portion of the inner cannula.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such a power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein RF supply and return signals are coupled to the cannula assembly by way of the base portion of the outer cannula.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein RF-based electro-cauterization is realized using electrically conductive inner and outer cannulas which are electrically isolated by way of thin Teflon coatings applied to the outer surface of the inner cannula and/or the interior surface of the outer cannula.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein ultrasonic energy of about 40 kHz is coupled to the inner cannula in order to effect protein coagulation about the aspiration apertures and thus achieve electro-cauterization (is hemostasis) during liposuction procedures.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such a power-assisted liposuction instrument, wherein such ultrasonic energy is produced by piezoelectric crystals embedded within the base portion of the inner cannula and driven by electrical signals having a frequency of about 50 kHz.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such a liposuction instrument, wherein the electrical drive signals are supplied to the piezoelectric transducers by way of a pair of electrically conductive rails embedded within the interior surface of the cannula cavity of the hand-holdable housing of the liposuction device.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a way of carrying out RF-based cauterization within a cannula assembly, wherein the operating surgeon is enabled to perform lipolysis by driving the piezo-electric transducers within the base portion of the inner cannula with signals in the frequency range of about 20-25 kHz.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an air-powered tissue-aspiration (e.g., liposuction) instrument system, wherein the powered liposuction instrument has an inner cannula that is automatically reciprocated within a stationary outer cannula by electronically controlling the flow of pressurized air streams within a dual-port pressurized air cylinder supported within the hand-supportable housing of the instrument.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein digital electronic control signals are generated within an instrument controller unit and these control signals are used to generate a pair of pressurized air streams within the instrument controller which are then supplied to opposite ends of the dual-port pressurized air cylinder within the powered liposuction instrument.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein the rear end of the powered liposuction instrument has a pressurized air-power supply-line connector, an electrical control signal connector, an RF power signal connector, and a tissue-aspirating tubing port.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein the front end of the powered liposuction instrument supports an electro-cauterizing dual-cannula assembly releasably connected thereto.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein the powered liposuction instrument has a hinged door panel that can be arranged in an open configuration so as to simply install the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly and connect the aspiration tubing thereto.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein a hinged spring-biased door panel is provided for controlling the rate of reciprocation of the inner cannula.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein the maximum rate of cannula reciprocation is achieved when the hinged spring-biased door panel is manually depressed its maximum amount.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein a dual-port air-cylinder is arranged within a hand-supportable housing, in operable association with an inner cannula actuator position sensing transducer, for measuring the instantaneous stroke position of the inner cannula during reciprocation operations.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein the base portion of the inner cannula is releasably locked within the a first recess of the carriage portion of the inner cannula actuator and wherein the inner cannula actuator is mounted to a block that is magnetically coupled to the piston within the dual-port air cylinder structure, and wherein the slidable wiper of the actuator position sensing transducer is mounted within a second recess of the carriage portion of the inner cannula actuator.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered liposuction instrument system, wherein a cannula reciprocation stroke control switch is mounted on the hand-supportable housing of the instrument for operation by the surgeon's thumb, whereas the cannula reciprocation rate control switch is realized using a flexible potentiometer that is deformed upon the surgeon squeezing a spring-biased hinged door panel provided on the instrument housing.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system which comprises: (1) a hand-held air-powered tissue-aspirating instrument adapted for use with a bipolar electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly, and (2) a stand-alone control console adapted for (i) receiving a source of pressurized air from an external air source, and (ii) generating a controlled stream of pressurized air that is supplied to said hand-held instrument, and also for (iii) receiving RF signals generated from an external (or internal) RF signal generation and supply module and (iv) supplying the received RF signals to said electrode structures within the bipolar electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly, via said stand-alone control console, during the use of the system in performing tissue aspiration (e.g. liposuction) procedures.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein an intelligent instrument controller (i.e. control unit) is used to supply air-power to the inner cannula reciprocation mechanism within the hand-supportable instrument, and RF power to its electro-cauterizing cannula assembly, while communicating control signals between the instrument and its intelligent controller.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein its instrument controller comprises: an user control console having (i) a plurality of membrane type switches for selecting a desired cannula stroke length dimension (i.e. inches or centimeters) for measurement and display and for enabling and disabling electro-cautery function selection, (ii) a plurality of LED indicators for indicating Power ON/OFF function selection, cannula stroke length dimension selection, and electro-cautery enable/disable function selection, (iii) a pair of LCD-based display panels for displaying graphical (i.e., bar graph) indications of inner cannula reciprocation rate (in cycles/sec) and inner cannula position measured by the cannula position sensor mounted within the hand-supportable instrument, and (iv) a LCD-based panel for displaying measured numerical values for the instantaneous rate of reciprocation for the inner cannula and the instantaneous stroke length thereof; and a controller housing mounting a multi-core (i.e. air-supply/RF-power-signal/control-signal) connector assembly, as well as providing an input port for receiving RF power signals generated from an external RF signal source, and an input port for receiving a source of pressurized air to drive the powered instrument of the present invention.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein (i) analog voltage input signals are generated from within the powered liposuction instrument and supplied as analog input voltage signals to the intelligent instrument controller for detection, A/D conversion and digital signal processing, (ii) digital voltage output control signals are generated within the intelligent instrument controller and supplied as output voltage signals to the powered instrument and also the air-control valve assembly within the instrument controller so as to generate the pair of pressurized air-supply streams that are supplied to the powered instrument via the multi-port connector assembly, and (iii) an analog control voltage output signal is generated within the intelligent instrument controller and supplied to the control input port of the external RF signal source (i.e. generator) to generate an RF power signal and to supply the same to the instrument controller for controlled delivery to the electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly of the powered instrument.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein its instrument controller comprises a digitally-controlled multi-port air-flow control valve assembly.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the digitally-controlled multi-port air-flow control valve assembly comprises (i) a central air-flow control port for connection to the external source of pressurized air, (ii) a left air-flow control port for connection to the left side of the air-driven cylinder within the instrument, and (iii) a right air-flow control port for connection to the right side of the air-driven cylinder within the instrument.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein digital output control voltage signals are provided to electrically-controlled solenoid-type air-flow control valves embodied within the multi-port air-flow control valve assembly, so as to electronically control the operation of the air-pressure driven inner cannula reciprocation mechanism employed within the powered instrument of the present invention.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the instrument controller employs a system control program that runs on a custom-designed digital signal processor.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, comprising (i) a hand-supportable air-powered instrument having an electro-cauterizing dual-cannula assembly and a multi-core (i.e. air-supply/RF-power/control-signal) connector assembly, and (ii) an intelligent instrument controller designed to (i) receive a pressurized air flow from an pressurized air source and RF power signals from a RF power signal generator, both external to said intelligent instrument controller, and to (ii) supply a pair of pressurized air streams and RF power signals to the hand-supportable instrument during instrument operation.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein a multi-core connector assembly is provided comprising: (i) a first multi-port connector adapted for installation in the rear end portion of the powered instrument housing as well as through the wall of the intelligent instrument controller (as the case may be) and having a pair of pressurized air-flow ports and a multi-pin electrical port for supporting the communication of RF power signals between the instrument controller and instrument and the communication of electrical control signals between the instrument controller and instrument; and (ii) a second multi-port connector plug mated to the first multi-port connector and adapted for connection to a multi-core cable structure including a pair of air-supply tubes, a pair of RF power signal wires, and a set of electrical control signal wires, all of which is encased within a flexible plastic casing.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the flexible aspiration tubing connected to the inner cannula is routed out through an exit port formed in the side surface of its hand-supportable housing.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the air-powered instrument employs a curved electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly, in which the curved hollow outer cannula is rigidly constructed while the hollow inner cannula is made from a flexible, pliant material such as resilient medical grade plastic material or the like.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the inner cannula flexibly adapts to the rigid curved geometry of the outer cannula structure during instrument operation.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein an improved bipolar-type electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly is provided for use with the powered instruments.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the improved bipolar-type electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly is comprises an electrically conductive (e.g. metal) outer cannula for releasably mounting within the hand-supportable housing of a powered instrument, and a molded or extruded plastic inner cannula for slidable support with the outer cannula and reciprocation by the actuator.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the non-conductive inner cannula has a fine electrically conductive wire molded within the walls thereof which terminate in an electrically conductive ring about the aspiration aperture of the inner cannula, for conducting RF power signals from the base portion of the inner cannula to the electrically-conductive ring during powered tissue aspiration operations.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system with an alternative electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly, wherein a stream of irrigation fluid is automatically pumped from the base portion of the outer cannula to the distal portion thereof, along a micro-sized fluid conduit formed along the surface walls of the outer cannula, and released into the interior distal portion of the outer cannula through a small opening formed therein, for infiltration and irrigation of tissue during aspiration in order to facilitate pump action.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein the inner cannula is loaded through an inner cannula loading port provided at the rear of the instrument housing, and thereafter snap-fitted into position within recess in the carriage portion of the air-powered actuator structure installed therein.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide such an air-powered tissue-aspiration instrument system, wherein during such inner cannula loading operations, the outer cannula is first connected to the front portion of the hand-supportable housing, the actuator structure retracted to the rear portion of the hand-supportable housing, and then, the distal portion of the inner cannula is inserted first through the cannula loading port, and then its base portion is snap-fitted within recess in the actuator carriage.
• These and other Objects of the present invention will become apparent hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• For a fuller understanding of the objects of the present invention, reference is made to the detailed description of the illustrative embodiments which are to be taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
• FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention;
• FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the liposuction device of the present invention taken alongline1B-1B ofFIG. 1A;
• FIG. 1C is an elevated end view of the liposuction device of the present invention illustrated inFIG. 1A, showing the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly thereof retained within the cannula cavity of its hand-holdable housing, and alternatively with the hingedly connected housing cover panel disposed in an open position for removal of the cannula assembly therefrom;
• FIG. 2A is a perspective, partially broken away view of the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly of the present invention installed in the liposuction instrument ofFIGS. 1A through 8C, in which the electrically-conductive inner cannula adapted to freely undergo sliding movement within the stationary electrically non-conductive outer cannula while electro-cauterization is performed about the aspiration apertures thereof under the control of the surgeon;
• FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the distal end of the inner cannula shown inFIGS. 1A,1B and2A;
• FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the electrically-conductive inner cannula taken along line2C-2C ofFIG. 2B;
• FIG. 2D is a perspective, partially broken away view of the electrically non-conductive outer cannula shown inFIGS. 1A,1B and2A;
• FIG. 2E is a cross-sectional view of the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly taken alongline2E-2E ofFIG. 2A;
• FIG. 2F is a cross-sectional view of the cannula base taken alongline2F-2F ofFIG. 2A;
• FIG. 3A is a plan view of a cauterizing electrode of the present invention adapted for insertion within the elongated aperture of the electrically non-conducting outer cannula;
• FIG.3A1 is an elevated side view of the cauterizing electrode of the present invention taken along line3A1-3A1 ofFIG. 3A;
• FIG.3A2 is an elevated side view of the cauterizing electrode of the present invention taken along line3A2-3A2 of FIG.3A1;
• FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the electrically-conductive collar and brush device of the present invention which inserts with the central bore formed in the base portion of the electrically non-conductive outer cannula of the present invention shown inFIG. 2D;
• FIG.3B1 is a cross-sectional view of the electrically-conductive collar and brush device of the present invention taken along line3B1-3B1 ofFIG. 3B;
• FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a portion of another embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention, illustrating an alternative outer cannula retention means;
• FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the liposuction device ofFIG. 4A, illustrating an alternative inner cannula retention means;
• FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention, illustrating a means for controlling the mount of excursion of the aspiration aperture along the cannula assembly;
• FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention, illustrating the use of a pair of gas driven piston-type motors and a mechanically-operated gas flow control device disposed in its first state of operation;
• FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the liposuction device of the present invention taken alongline6B-6B ofFIG. 6A;
• FIG. 6C is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the mechanically-operated gas flow control device illustrated inFIG. 6A;
• FIG. 6D is a cross-sectional view of the gas flow control device of the present invention taken alongline6D-6D ofFIG. 6C;
• FIG. 7A is a perspective, partially broken away view of a snap-fit type inner cannula intended for use with the liposuction device ofFIG. 4A;
• FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the outer cannula of the present invention taken along lines7B-7B ofFIG. 7A;
• FIG. 8 is a perspective, partially broken away view of a snap-fit type outer cannula intended for use in connection with the liposuction device ofFIG. 4A;
• FIG. 9A is a plan cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention, having a hand-holdable housing realized in the form of a pistol-shaped structure having detachable barrel and handle portions;
• FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional, partially broken away view of the liposuction device of the present invention taken along line9A-9B ofFIG. 9A, showing the cam mechanism of the present invention;
• FIG. 9C is an elevated cross-sectional view of the liposuction device of the present invention, taken along line9C-9C ofFIG. 9A, showing the inner cannula disposed at a first position within the cannula cavity of the hand-holdable housing, and the rotary motor and speed control unit in the handle portion thereof;
• FIG. 9D is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the inner cannula excursion control means shown inFIGS. 9B and 9C;
• FIG. 9E is a cross-sectional view of the liposuction device of the present invention taken alongline9E-9E ofFIG. 9A, showing the rotary drive wheel of the cam mechanism in operable association with the actuation element which projects through the cannula cavity and is engaged in the slotted base portion of the inner cannula, and also showing in phantom lines the cover panel of the barrel portion disposed in an open configuration permitting insertion or removal of the inner and outer cannulas of the present invention;
• FIG. 9F is an elevated partially broken away rear view of the barrel portion of the liposuction device taken alongline9F-9F ofFIG. 9A;
• FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of another illustrative embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention, wherein a liposuction device of the present invention is provided, having a double-acting air-powered cylinder with a magnetically-coupled actuator and the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly of the present invention is installed;
• FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the air flow control device employed in the liposuction device shown inFIG. 10, in which the control valve thereof is mechanically linked to the reciprocating piston contained within the cylinder-style reciprocator within the housing of the liposuction device;
• FIG. 11A is a perspective, partially broken away view of the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly of the present invention installed in the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 10, in which the electrically-conductive inner cannula is adapted to freely undergo sliding movement within the stationary electrically non-conductive outer cannula while electro-cauterization is performed about the aspiration apertures thereof under the control of the surgeon;
• FIG. 11B is a perspective view of the distal end of the inner cannula shown inFIG. 11A;
• FIG. 11C is a cross-sectional view of the electrically-conductive inner cannula taken alongline11C-11C ofFIG. 11B;
• FIG. 11D is a perspective, partially broken away view of the electrically non-conductive outer cannula shown inFIG. 11A;
• FIG. 11E is a cross-sectional view of the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly taken alongline11E-11E ofFIG. 11A;
• FIG. 11F is a perspective view of the base portion of the electrically-conductive inner cannula shown inFIG. 11 showing an electrical contact pad embedded in the outer surface thereof for conducting the conductive rail embedded in the wall surface of the cannula cavity;
• FIG. 11G is a cross-sectional view of the liposuction instrument taken alongline11G-11G ofFIG. 10;
• FIG. 12A is a plan view of a cauterizing electrode of the present invention adapted for insertion within the elongated aperture of the electrically non-conducting outer cannula shown inFIG. 11;
• FIG.12A1 is an elevated side view of the cauterizing electrode of the present invention taken along line12A1-12A1 ofFIG. 12A;
• FIG.12A2 is an elevated side view of the cauterizing electrode of the present invention taken along line12A2-12A2 of FIG.12A1;
• FIG. 13A is a prospective, harshly broken away view of the electrically-conductive outer cannula employed in an alternative embodiment of the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly utilizable in the liposuction device of the present invention with suitable modifications;
• FIG. 13B is a prospective view of a distal end of the inner cannula shown inFIG. 13A;
• FIG. 13C is a cross-sectional view of the electrically conductive inner cannula taken along lineFIG. 13C-13C ofFIG. 13A;
• FIG. 13D is a prospective harshly broken away view of the electrically conductive outer cannula shown inFIG. 13A, over which an electrically insulating coating such as Teflon is applied to the exterior surface thereof;
• FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the electro-cauterizing liposuction instrument of the present invention, wherein the reciprocation means is realized using a cylinder-style actuator powered by a supply of pressurized air;
• FIG. 14A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the airflow control device employed within the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 14;
• FIG. 14B is a prospective, harshly broken away view of the electrically-nonconductive outer cannula employed in alternative embodiment of the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly utilized in the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 14;
• FIG. 14C is a prospective view of a distal end of the inner cannula shown inFIG. 14B;
• FIG. 14D is a prospective harshly broken away view of the electrically nonconductive outer cannula shown inFIG. 14B, over which an electrically insulating coating such as Teflon is applied to the exterior surface thereof;
• FIG. 14E is a prospective view of the base portion of the inner cannula used in the cannula assembly ofFIG. 14B, wherein an electrical contact pad is embedded in the side wall surface thereof of the base portion for engagement with an electrically conductive rail embedded within the side wall surface of the cannula cavity within the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 14;
• FIG. 14F is a cross sectional view of the base portion of the inner cannula taken alongline14F-14F inFIG. 14E, showing a plurality of piezo-electrical transducers arranged about the lumen of the inner cannula for producing and conducting ultrasonic energy signals for propagation along the length of the inner cannula;
• FIG. 14G is a cross sectional view of the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 14 taken alongline14G-14G ofFIG. 14, showing a pair of diametrically opposed electrically conductive rails embedded within the interior wall surfaces of the cannula cavity of the liposuction instrument, which establish electrical contact with a pair of electrical contact pads embedded within the base portion of the inner cannula and are connected to the array piezo-electric transducers mounted about the outer lumen of the inner cannula;
• FIG. 15 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention provided with monopolar electrocautery electrode structures along the distal portion of a single cannula assembly;
• FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the liposuction device of the present invention taken along line16-16 ofFIG. 15;
• FIG. 17 is an elevated end view of the liposuction device of the present invention illustrated inFIG. 15, showing the monopolar electro-cauterizing cannula assembly thereof retained within the cannula cavity of its hand-holdable housing, and with the hingedly connected housing cover panel disposed in an open position for removal of the cannula assembly therefrom;
• FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a first illustrative embodiment of the monopolar electro-cauterizing cannula assembly of the present invention shown removed from the hand-supportable device ofFIG. 15, wherein an electrically-insulative outer coating is applied over an electrically conductive cannula structure that is electrically connected to the active lead of a unipolar electro-cautery power supply unit when the cannula assembly is installed within the hand-supportable device and the device is electrically connected to the power supply unit by way of any electrical cable;
• FIG. 18A is a perspective view of the electrically-conductive contact element installed in the notch structure of the cannula assembly, for establishing electrical contact between the cannula assembly and the power source in the hand-held housing;
• FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view of the base portion of the cannula assembly shown inFIG. 18, taken along line18B-18B drawn therein;
• FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a second illustrative embodiment of the monopolar electro-cauterizing cannula assembly of the present invention shown removed from the hand-supportable device ofFIG. 15, wherein an electrically-conductive cauterizing electrode, in the form of an eyelet-like structure, is mounted about the perimeter of the aspiration (i.e. suction) aperture in the cannula assembly, and electrically connected to the active lead of a unipolar electro-cautery power supply unit when the cannula assembly is installed within the hand-supportable device and the device is electrically connected to the power supply unit by way of any electrical cable;
• FIG. 20A is a perspective view of another alternative illustrative embodiment of the air-powered liposuction instrument system of the present invention, wherein the automatic reciprocation of the inner and outer cannulas of the powered liposuction instrument is achieved by electronically controlling the flow of pressurized air streams within a dual-port pressurized air cylinder supported within the hand-supportable housing of the instrument, using digital electronic control signals generated within an instrument controller;
• FIG. 20B is an elevated side view of the powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 20C is a top view of the powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 20D is an elevated view of the rear end of the powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, showing its pressurized air-power supply-line connector, its electrical control signal connector, and its RF power signal connector, and also its vacuum-pressurized aspiration tubing establishing a physically interface with the base portion of the inner cannula through the rear end portion of the air-powered liposuction instrument;
• FIG. 20E is an elevated view of the front end of the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, showing the electro-cauterizing dual-cannula liposuction assembly of the illustrative embodiment releasably connected to the front portion of the air-powered liposuction instrument;
• FIG. 21A is a cross-sectional view of the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, taken along line21A-21A inFIG. 20C;
• FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view of the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, taken along line21B-21B inFIG. 20C;
• FIG. 21C is an elevated side view of the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, showing its hinged door panel arranged in its open configuration with its electro-cauterizing cannula assembly installed within the hand-supportable housing of the instrument, and its flexible aspiration tubing disconnected from the end of the inner cannula (and not shown);
• FIG. 21D is a perspective view of the partially-assembled air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, shown with its right-half housing portion removed and its hinged spring-biased door panel arranged in its open configuration with its electro-cauterizing cannula assembly installed within the hand-supportable housing of the air-powered liposuction instrument;
• FIG. 21E is a perspective view of the partially-assembled air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, shown with its left-half housing portion, its dual-port air-powered cylinder (i.e. reciprocation mechanism), its cannula reciprocation stroke length control switch, its cannula reciprocation rate control switch, and its electro-cauterizing cannula assembly removed from its hand-supportable housing for purposes of illustration, while its hinged spring-biased door panel is shown arranged in its open configuration;
• FIG. 21F is an elevated cross-sectional view of the partially-assembled air-powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 21E, taken along line21F-21F indicated therein, with its hinged spring-biased door panel shown arranged in its closed configuration at its “zero” cannula rate control position so as to provide the hand-actuatable cannula reciprocation rate control mechanism of the present invention;
• FIG. 21G is an elevated cross-sectional view of the partially-assembled air-powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 21E, taken along line21G-21G indicated therein, with its hinged spring-biased door panel shown arranged in its closed configuration at its “maximum” cannula reciprocation rate control position so as to provide the hand-actuatable cannula reciprocation rate control mechanism of the present invention;
• FIG. 22A is a perspective view of the left-half (LH) portion of the hand-supportable housing employed by the air-powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 22B is a perspective view of the right-half (RH) portion of the hand-supportable housing employed by the air-powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 23A is a perspective view of the dual-port air-cylinder driven inner cannula reciprocation subassembly arranged in association with its inner cannula actuator position sensing transducer, shown removed from the hand-supportable housing structure of the powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, and with the base portion of the inner cannula locked within the carriage portion of the inner cannula actuator along with its actuator position sensing transducer;
• FIG. 23B is a perspective view of the inner cannula actuator employed in the inner cannula reciprocation subassembly shown inFIG. 23A;
• FIG. 23C is a perspective view of the electrical subassembly employed in the air-powered liposuction instrument, shown removed from its hand-supportable housing and comprising its inner actuator position sensing transducer (removed from the carriage portion of the inner cannula reciprocation subassembly), its cannula reciprocation stroke control switch (i.e. slidable potentiometer), its cannula reciprocation rate control switch (i.e. flexible potentiometer), its electrical connector and its electrical wiring harness;
• FIG. 24A is a perspective view of the electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly used in the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view of the electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly shown inFIG. 24A, taken along line24B-24B indicated therein;
• FIG. 24C is a cross-sectional view of the electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly inFIG. 24A, taken alongline24C-24C indicated therein;
• FIG. 25A is an elevated side view of the outer cannula component used in the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 25B is a first cross-sectional view of the outer cannula component used in the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 25C is a second cross-sectional view of the outer cannula component used in the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 25D is a cross-sectional view of the outer cannula shown inFIG. 25A, taken alongline25D-25D indicated therein;
• FIG. 26A is an elevated side view of the inner cannula component used in the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A;
• FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view of the outer cannula component used in the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 20A, taken along line26B-26B indicated inFIG. 26A;
• FIG. 26C is a cross-sectional view of the outer cannula shown inFIG. 26A, taken along line26C-26C indicated therein;
• FIG. 27A is a perspective view of the intelligent instrument controller (i.e. control unit) of the present invention used in conjunction with the air-powered liposuction instruments illustrated inFIGS. 20A,35A, and40A, wherein the instrument controller is shown comprising a number of components, namely: (1) a user control console having (i) four membrane type switches for selecting a desired cannula stroke length dimension (i.e. inches or centimeters) for measurement and display and for enabling and disabling electro-cautery function selection, (ii) six LED indicators for indicating power ON/OFF function selection, cannula stroke length dimension selection, and electro-cautery enable/disable function selection, (iii) a pair of LCD-based display panels for displaying (bar graph indications of inner cannula reciprocation rate (in cycles/sec) and inner cannula stroke position measured by the cannula position sensor mounted within the hand-supportable liposuction instrument, and (iv) a LCD-based panel for displaying measured numerical values for the instantaneous rate of reciprocation for the inner cannula and the instantaneous stroke length thereof, and (2) a compact housing mounting the multi-core connector assembly of the present invention, as well as an input port for receiving RF power signals generated from an external RF signal source and an input port for receiving a source of pressurized air to drive the air-powered liposuction instrument of the present invention;
• FIG. 27B is a graphical representation of the user control console portion of the intelligent instrument controller shown inFIG. 27A;
• FIG. 27C a schematic representation of an exemplary layout of the components comprising the instrument controller ofFIGS. 27A and 27B, and showing the various electrical and mechanical ports supported therewithin;
• FIGS.28A1 and28A2, taken together, set forth a hybrid electrical and mechanical schematic representation of the air-powered liposuction instrument systems ofFIGS. 20A and 35A, showing (i) analog voltage input signals being generated from within the powered liposuction instrument and supplied as analog input voltage signals to the instrument controller ofFIG. 27A for detection, A/D conversion and digital signal processing, (ii) digital voltage output control signals generated within the instrument controller and supplied as output voltage signals to (a) the air-powered liposuction instrument and also the air-control valve assembly within the instrument controller to generate the pair of pressurized air-supply streams that are supplied to the liposuction instrument via the multi-port connector assembly, and (iii) an analog control voltage output signal generated within the instrument controller and supplied to the control input port of the external RF signal source (i.e. generator) to generate an RF power signal and to supply the same to the instrument controller for controlled delivery to the air-powered liposuction instrument;
• FIG. 28B is the schematic layout of the components used on a prototype circuit board to implement the power console board within the instrument controller schematically described inFIG. 30A;
• FIGS. 29A and 29B, taken together, set forth an electrical schematic diagram of the analog and digital circuitry realized on the sole PC board shown inFIG. 28B and mounted within housing of the instrument controller shown inFIGS. 27A and 27B and schematically described in FIGS.28A1 and28A2;
• FIG. 30 is a schematic representation of the digitally-controlled multi-port air-flow control valve assembly employed in the instrument controller ofFIGS. 27A and 27B, illustrating its central air-flow control port being connected to the external source of pressurized air, its left air-flow control port being connected to the left side of the air-driven cylinder within the liposuction instrument via the multi-core cable structure of the present invention, and its right air-flow control port being connected to the right side of the air-driven cylinder within the liposuction instrument via the multi-core cable structure of the present invention, whereas digital output control voltage signals OP(8) through OP(11) are provided to the electrically-controlled valve solenoids, as shown, to electronically control the operation of the air-pressure driven inner cannula reciprocation mechanism employed within the powered liposuction instruments shown inFIGS. 27A through 28H;
• FIG. 31A through 31E, taken together, sets forth the source code (written in Basic Language) for the primary thread program entitled RECIPROCATE to run on the custom-designed processor employed within the intelligent instrument controller schematically illustrated in FIGS.28A1 and28A2 and shown inFIGS. 27A and 27B;
• FIG. 32A through 32C, taken together, sets forth the source code (written in Basic Language) for the secondary thread program called ANALOG to run on the custom-designed processor employed within the intelligent instrument controller shown inFIGS. 27A and 27B, and called by the primary program entitled RECIPROCATE;
• FIG. 33A through 33C, taken together, sets forth the source code (written in Basic Language) for the tertiary thread program called SCALE to run on the custom-designed processor employed within the intelligent instrument controller shown inFIGS. 27A and 27B, also called by the primary program entitled RECIPROCATE;
• FIG. 34 is a high-level flow chart of a electro-cautery enable/disable control process carried out by the control program performed collectively by the programs RECIPROCATE, ANALOG and SCALE illustrated inFIGS. 31A through 33C;
• FIG. 35A is a perspective view on yet another illustrative embodiment of the air-powered liposuction instrument system of the present invention comprising (i) a hand-supportable air-powered liposuction instrument having an electro-cauterizing dual-cannula assembly and a multi-core (air-supply/RF-power/control-signal) connector assembly, and (ii) an intelligent instrument controller designed to receive pressurized air flows from an pressurized air source and RF power signals from a RF power signal generator, both external to said intelligent instrument controller;
• FIG. 35B is a perspective, partially cut-away view of the hand-supportable air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 35A, shown with its hinged cover panel arranged in its open configuration revealing its inner cannula installed within the actuator carriage assembly and connected to a section of flexible aspirating tubing that is ultimately connected to a vacuum-pressured aspiration pump subsystem (not shown);
• FIG. 35C is a cross-sectional, partially cut-away view of the hand-supportable air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIG. 35A, taken along line35C-35C indicated therein, illustrating how the flexible aspirating tube passes through the rear portion of the air-powered liposuction instrument and is permitted to reciprocate with the movement of the inner cannula during instrument operation;
• FIG. 36A is a perspective view of the multi-core cable construction of the present invention employed in the air-powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 35A, shown removed from the hand-supportable instrument and instrument controller, neatly coiled up to reveal the connectors mounted on each end of the cable construction, and arranged for display in relation to a pair of matched multi-port connectors employed therein, wherein one of these connectors is adapted for installation within the air-powered liposuction instrument, whereas the other connector is adapted for installation through the housing of the intelligent instrument controller of the present invention;
• FIG. 36B is a perspective view of the multi-port connector assembly of the present invention employed in the multi-core cable structure ofFIG. 35A, showing (i) its first multi-port connector adapted for installation in the rear end portion of the powered liposuction instrument housing as well as through the wall of the intelligent instrument controller (as the case may be) and having a pair of pressurized air-flow ports, and one multi-pin electrical port for supporting the communication of RF power signals between the instrument controller and liposuction instrument and the communication of electrical control signals between the instrument controller and liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 27A, and (ii) its second multi-port connector mated to the first multi-port connector and adapted for connection to the multi-core cable structure of the present invention comprising a pair of air-supply tubes, a pair of RF power signal wires, and a set of electrical control signal wires, all of which is encased within a flexible plastic casing, as shown;
• FIG. 36C is an alternative perspective view of the multi-port connector assembly of the present invention shown inFIG. 36B;
• FIG. 36D is a perspective view of the first multi-port connector employed in the multi-port connector assembly ofFIG. 35A, viewed from the side which connects to air tubing and electrical wiring contained within the hand-supportable air-powered liposuction instrument (or within the intelligent instrument controller shown inFIG. 37A, as the case may be);
• FIG. 36E is a perspective view of the first multi-port connector employed in the multi-port connector assembly ofFIG. 35A, viewed from the side which connects to the second multi-port connector of the assembly ofFIG. 35A;
• FIG. 36F is a perspective view of the second multi-port connector employed in the multi-port connector assembly of the present invention, viewed from the side which connects to the first multi-port connector shown inFIG. 36E;
• FIG. 36G is a perspective view of the second multi-port connector employed in the multi-port connector assembly of the present invention, viewed from the side which connects to the air tubing and electrical wiring contained within the flexible multi-core cable structure of the present invention shown inFIG. 36A;
• FIG. 36H is a perspective view of one end portion of the completed assembled flexible multi-port cable structure of the present invention, shown inFIG. 36A, showing a plastic shroud covering the portion of the cable structure where the tubing and wiring is joined to the second multi-port connector thereof, to seal off these connection interfaces from dirt, and other forms of debris;
• FIG. 37A is a perspective view of the intelligent instrument controller (i.e. control unit) of the present invention used in conjunction with the powered liposuction instrument illustrated inFIG. 35A, shown comprising: (1) a user control console having (i) four membrane type switches for selecting a desired cannula stroke length dimension (i.e. inches or centimeters) for measurement and display and for enabling and disabling electro-cautery function selection, (ii) six LED indicators for indicating power ON/OFF function selection, cannula stroke length dimension selection, and electro-cautery enable/disable function selection, (iii) a pair of LCD-based display panels for displaying (bar graph indications of inner cannula reciprocation rate (in cycles/sec) and inner cannula position measured by the cannula position sensor mounted within the hand-supportable liposuction instrument, and (iv) a LCD-based panel for displaying measured numerical values for the instantaneous rate of reciprocation for the inner cannula and the instantaneous stroke length thereof, and (2) a compact housing mounting a multi-port connector assembly shown inFIG. 36B, as well as an input port for receiving RF power signals generated from an external RF signal source, and an input port for receiving a source of pressurized air to drive the powered liposuction instrument of the present invention;
• FIG. 37B is a graphical representation of the user control console portion of the intelligent instrument controller shown inFIG. 27A;
• FIGS. 38A through 38C, taken all together, set forth a hybrid electrical and mechanical schematic representation of the air-powered liposuction instrument systems ofFIGS. 20A and 35A, showing (i) analog voltage input signals being generated from within the air-powered liposuction instrument and supplied as analog input voltage signals to the instrument controller for detection, A/D conversion and digital signal processing, (ii) digital voltage output control signals being generated within the instrument controller and supplied as output voltage signals to (a) the air-powered liposuction instrument via the multi-core cable structure and multi-port connector assembly of the present invention as well as to the air-control valve assembly within the instrument controller to generate the pair of pressurized air-supply streams that are supplied to the liposuction instrument via the multi-port connector assembly, and (iii) an analog control voltage output signal being generated within the instrument controller and supplied to the control input port of the external RF signal source (i.e. generator) to generate an RF power signal and to supply the same to the instrument controller for controlled delivery to the air-powered liposuction instrument via the multi-core cable structure and the multi-port connector assembly of the present invention;
• FIG. 39 is a perspective view of yet another illustrative embodiment of the air-powered liposuction instrument of the present invention, wherein the flexible aspiration tubing connected to the inner cannula is routed out through an exit port formed in the side surface of the rear portion of its hand-supportable housing;
• FIG. 40A is an elevated side view of an alternative embodiment of the air-powered liposuction instrument of the present invention, employing a curved bi-polar type electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly, wherein the curved hollow outer cannula is rigidly constructed while the hollow inner cannula is made from a flexible material such as resilient medical grade plastic material or the like;
• FIG. 40B is a cross-sectional view of the air-powered liposuction instrument shown inFIG. 38A, taken along line38B-38B indicated therein, showing how that the inner cannula flexibly adapts to the rigid curved geometry of the outer cannula structure during inner cannula reciprocation operations;
• FIG. 41A is a schematic representation of an alternative bipolar-type electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly for use with the powered liposuction instruments of the present invention, shown comprising an electrically conductive (e.g. metal) outer cannula for releasably mounting within the hand-supportable housing of a powered liposuction instrument, and a molded or extruded plastic inner cannula for slidable support with the outer cannula and reciprocation by the powered actuator, and wherein the plastic (non-conductive) inner cannula has a fine electrically conductive wire molded within the walls thereof which terminate in an electrically conductive ring about the aspiration aperture of the inner cannula, for conducting RF power signals from the base portion of the inner cannula to the electrically-conductive ring during powered liposuction and other tissue aspiration operations;
• FIG. 41B is a schematic representation of an inner cannula structure for use with the bipolar electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly shown inFIG. 41A;
• FIG. 42 is a schematic representation of an alternative bi-polar type electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly for use in the powered liposuction instruments of the present invention, wherein a stream of irrigation fluid is pumped from the base portion of the outer cannula to the distal portion thereof, along a micro-sized fluid conduit formed along the surface walls of the outer cannula, and released into the interior distal portion of the outer cannula through a small opening formed therein, so as to infiltrate and irrigate tissue during aspiration operations;
• FIG. 43A is a schematic diagram of an alternate design for an electro-cauterizing powered liposuction instrument of the present invention, wherein the inner cannula is loaded through an inner cannula loading port provided at the rear of the instrument housing and snap-fitted into position within the carriage portion of the air-powered actuator structure installed therein; and
• FIG. 43B is a schematic diagram of the base portion of the inner cannula designed for use with the rear-loading instrument design shown inFIG. 43A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
• With reference toFIGS. 1A through 3D, the first embodiment will be described. In general,liposuction device1A comprises hand-holdable housing2, a detachable electro-cauterizingcannula assembly3 having inner andouter cannulas4 and5, and a reciprocation means6 for causinginner cannula4 to reciprocate relative toouter cannula5, which is stationarily disposed with respect tohousing2. This arrangement effectuates periodic displacement of the general location of aspiration along the cannula assembly through the reciprocating movement ofinner cannula4 while permitting electro-cauterization of aspirated tissue during operation of the liposuction device.
• As illustrated in greater detail inFIGS. 1B, and2A through2E, the electro-cauterizingcannula assembly3 of the present invention comprises an electrically-conductiveinner cannula4 and an electrically non-conductiveouter cannula5, each comprising hollow inner and outer tubes with distal and proximal ends4A,4B and5A,5B, respectively.
• As shown inFIGS. 2B and 2C, theouter cannula5 comprises a hollow outer tube having adistal end5A and aproximal end5B. Four outer aspiration (i.e., suction) apertures generally indicated byreference numerals8A,8B,8C and8D are provided on the distal end of the inner cannula. As shown,elongated apertures8A,8B,8C and8D terminate at a predetermined distance away fromouter cannula tip5C, which is essentially blunt for purposes of safety. In general, the length of each of these elongated outer apertures is substantially longer than the longitudinal extent of each respective inner aperture. In the illustrated embodiment, the ratio of these lengths is about 1 to 4; however, in other embodiments, this ration may differ as desired or required in a given application. In a typical embodiment, the length of these elongated outer apertures would be within the range of, for example, two to six inches, commensurate with the amount of displacement to be achieved by each inner aperture.
• As illustrated inFIG. 1B, anouter cannula base17 extends from the proximal end ofouter tube5. Theouter cannula base17 comprising a cylindrical structure having acentral bore18, through whichdistal tip4C and body ofinner cannula4 can freely pass. Theouter cannula base17 of the illustrative embodiment includes aflanged portion19 which fits within anannular recess18 formed incannula cavity20 of the hand-holdable housing.
• As shown inFIG. 2B, aninner cannula base10 extends from the proximal end ofinner tube4. As shown, theinner cannula base10 comprises a cylindrical structure having anoutlet port11 formed in its remote end. Theinner cannula base10 of the illustrative embodiment includes a notch orslot12 formed in its central most portion. As will be described in greater detail hereinafter, notch12 functions to releasably receive anextensional portion13 ofactuation element37, in order to actuate reciprocation ofinner cannula4 withinhousing2. As illustrated inFIG. 2B,inner cannula4 has acontinuous passageway14 which extends from inner aspiration opening9 tooutlet port11. As shown inFIGS. 2B and 2C, the inner aspiration apertures originate between thedistal tip portion4C. As shown,elongated apertures16A,16B,16C and16D terminate at a predetermined distance away fromouter cannula tip5C, which is essentially blunt for purposes of safety. In general, the length of each of these elongated inner apertures is substantially longer than the longitudinal extent of each respective outer aperture. In the illustrated embodiment, the ratio of these lengths is about 1 to 4; however, in other embodiments, this ratio may differ as desired or required in a given application. In a typical embodiment, the length of these elongated apertures would be within the range of, for example, two to six inches, commensurate with the amount of displacement to be achieved by each outer aperture with its electro-cauterizing element.
• While not shown, a conventional vacuum source is connected tooutlet port11, preferably using optically transparent,semi-flexible tubing15. With this arrangement, fatty tissue, aspirated fat tissue can be suctioned throughapertures8A,8B,8C and8D andopening9 and transported alongpassageway14 to a reservoir device (not shown), operably associated with the vacuum source.
• As illustrated inFIGS. 2A and 2E, electrically-conductive cauterizing electrodes160A,160B,160C and160D are inserted about the perimeter ofouter aspiration apertures16A,16B,16C, and16D, respectively, and fastened thereto by snap-fitting, adhesive or like means. As shown inFIGS. 3A,3A1 and3A2, each electrically-conductive electrode comprises: asidewall portion161 which circumferentially extends about the perimeter of the respective aperture formed in the outer cannula; anopening162 for permitting aspirated tissue and fat and the like to flow therethrough into the interior of the inner cannula; and acircumferential flange163 substantially perpendicular tosidewall portion161 and adapted to fit within a recessed groove164 extending about the upper outer surface of the respective outer aspiration aperture formed in the electrically non-conductive outer cannula. In the illustrative embodiments,cauterizing electrodes160A through160D are made from stainless steel, brass, gold or any other electrically-conductive material that is suitable for contact with human tissue during liposuction and like surgical procedures.
• As shown inFIG. 2D, the base portion of the outer cannula is provided with a pair of spaced apart recesses165A and156B for receiving and securing a first and second electrically-conductive contact pads166A and166B, respectively. Afirst groove167 is formed within the outer surface of theouter cannula5 andbase portion19 in order to receive a first length ofelectrical wiring168 which establishes electrical contact between the set ofcauterizing electrodes160A through160D and an electrically-conductive contact pad166B. Similarly, asecond groove169 is formed within the outer surface of the outer cannula andbase portion19 in order to receive a second length ofelectrical wiring170 which establishes electrical contact between the set ofcauterizing electrodes160A through160D and second electrically-conductive contact pad166A. A sealing material such as melted plastic can be used to close off thegrooves167 and169 once the electrical wiring has been recessed within the groove. Alternatively, a thin, outer plastic cannula sleeve having an inner diameter slightly greater than the outer diameter ofouter cannula5 can be slid thereover and secured to the base portion thereof19 using screw-threads, snap-fit fastening, ultrasonic-welding, adhesive or the like. When completely assembled, electrically-isolatedcontact pads166A and166B are mounted within the side walls surface of thebase portion1, as shown inFIG. 2A. It is understood, however, thatcontact elements166A and166B can be mounted elsewhere in the base portion of the outer cannula.
• As shown inFIG. 2A, an electrically-conductive collar andbrush device17 shown in FIGS.3B and3B1 is inserted within the central bore formed in thebase portion19 of the electrically non-conductive outer cannula. The collar andbrush device171 comprises acylindrical tube172 made from electrically-conductive material (e.g., stainless steel) having an outer diameter that is slightly less than the diameter of the central bore formed through the base portion of the inner cannula. As shown in FIGS.3B and3B1, a pair of diametrically-opposed leaf-likeelectrical contact elements173A and173B project inwardly from the cylindrical walls of the device towards it s axial center. As best shown inFIG. 2F, the function ofelectrical contact elements173A and173B is to establish electrical contact betweensecond contact pad166A (on base portion10) and electrically conductiveinner cannula4 when the inner cannula is slid through thecentral bore18 of the outer cannula, as shown inFIG. 2A. A smallannular flange174 is formed on one end of thecylinder172 to delimit the depth of its insertion.
• As shown inFIG. 2E, thesidewall portion161 of eachcauterizing electrode160A through160D is of sufficient width (w_g) to provide agap region175 between (i) the electrically-conductiveinner cannula4 adjacent the electrode and (ii) thesidewall portion161 thereof. Preferably, the width of eachgap175 is selected so as to minimize electrical arcing (i.e., sparking) between each electrode160 and the electrically conductiveinner cannula4 when an RF signal of, for example, about 5000 kHz at 800 Volts is applied thereacross during electro-cauterization.
• As shown inFIG. 1B,contact pads166A and166B establish electrical contact withconductive elements176A and176B and are embedded withinrecess17. Electricallyconductive elements176A and176B are connected to the RF supply and RFreturn signal terminals177A and177B, respectively, of bipolarRF signal generator178. In the preferred embodiment, RFbipolar signal generator178 is realized as the Instant Response Electrosurgical Generator (Model Force FX) by ValleyLab International, a subsidiary of Pfizer. Inc. This Electrosurgical Generator can be easily connected to the electro-cauterizing electrodes hereof byelectrical cabling179 in order to drive the same with bipolar outputs produced from the Electrosurgical Generator. Notably, the InstantResponse Electrosurgical Generator178 includes three bipolar output modes, namely: Low/Precise; Medium/Standard; and Macrobipolar. When operated in the Low and Medium bipolar modes, low output voltages are produced in order to prevent sparking across the electro-cauterizing electrodes.
• Wheninner cannula4 is installed withinouter cannula5, as shown inFIGS. 1A and 2A,inner apertures8A,8B,8C, and8D are able to freely slide along elongated outer apertures,16A,16B,16C and16D, respectively. Also, at each positioning of the inner cannula within the outer cannula, aspiration is permitted through each “effective” aspiration (i.e., suction) aperture formed by the partial registration of each inner aspiration aperture with its corresponding outer aspiration aperture. Aspiration through these resulting effective aspiration apertures or openings, continues alongpassageway14 and exits throughoutlet port11. Consequently, the general location of aspiration alongcannula assembly3 is periodically displaced asinner cannula4 is reciprocated relative toouter cannula5, which is stationary with respect to the hand-supportable housing2.
• In order to maintaininner aspiration apertures8A,8B,8C and8D aligned withouter aspiration apertures16A,16B,16C and16D, respectively, and thus ensure partial registration therebetween, the distal end of the inner and outer tubes are provided with a keying system. In the illustrated embodiment, the keying system comprises a keyingelement4D disposed on outer surface of the inner cannula, beforedistal tip4C. Keyingelement4D can be a rigid or flexible element that slides within an elongated outer aperture (e.g.16B) and prevents axial rotation betweencannulas4 and5 as they undergo relative reciprocation. To assemblecannula assembly3,distal tip4C of the inner cannula is inserted throughbore18 inouter cannula base17 so that the distal end ofinner cannula4A is slidably received withinouter cannula5, as shown inFIG. 3A. In this configuration, keyingelement4D is received and guided withinelongated aperture8B′ as shown. In this general configuration,cannula assembly3 is installed withincannula cavity20 by first openinghousing cover21, shown inFIG. 1C. Then outercannula base flange17 is inserted withinannular recess19 andactuation extension13 within innercannula base notch12. Thereafter,housing cover21 is closed shut andliposuction device1A is ready for operation. A conventional vacuum source is then connected tooutlet port11, preferably using optically transparent,semi-flexible tubing15. With this arrangement, fatty tissue, aspirated throughapertures8A/16B,8B/16B and8C/16C and8D/16D andopening9, can be transported throughpassageway14 to a reservoir device (not shown), operably associated with the vacuum source.
• As shown inFIG. 1A, the gross geometry ofhousing2 is preferably that of an ellipsoid, however, other geometries such as, for example, a cylindrical structure, can be used in practicing the present invention.Housing2 containscannula cavity20, which extends along the entire longitudinal extent of the hand-holdable housing. In the illustrated embodiment,cannula cavity20 has generally cylindrical bearing surfaces22 which match theouter bearing surface23 ofinner cannula base10, to permit sliding movement ofinner cannula3 withincavity20. While cylindrical bearing surfaces have been selected in the illustrated embodiment, the use of other forms of bearing surfaces (e.g., rectangular or triangular) is contemplated. To minimize friction, bearing surfaces22 and23 may be coated with a Teflon® or functionally equivalent coating, to facilitate easy sliding ofinner cannula base10 within cavity with low wear. As illustrated inFIG. 1B,cannula cavity20 also includesannular recess19, into whichannular base flange19 is adapted to be received in order to render the outer cannula essentially stationary with respect to hand-holdable housing2.
• As shown inFIG. 1B,electrical contact pads176A and176B are embedded within surface-recesses formed within the wall surfaces of theannular recess19. Preferably, electrically-conductive contact pads176A and176B are made from electrically conductive material having a shaped which is similar to the shape of electricallyconductive pads166A and166B that are embedded within the outer surface of the base portion of theouter cannula5. When the cannula assembly of this embodiment is installed within the hand-holdable housing, theelectrical contact pads166A and166B on the base portion of the outer cannula will automatically establishelectrical contact pads176A and176B withinrecess19, respectively. In this way, the RF supply and return voltages fromRF signal generator178 are automatically applied to the electro-cauterizing electrodes embedded within the cannula assembly of the present invention.
• As illustrated inFIG. 1C, hand-holdable housing2 is provided with a hingedcover21. Hingedcover21 allowscannula cavity20 to be opened and accessed so thatcannula assembly3 can be selectively installed incannula cavity20 and removed therefrom as desired or required.Cover panel21 has a semi-circular cross-sectional geometry and is connected to the remaining portion ofhousing2 by a conventional hinge means25. To securecover panel21 to the remainder ofhousing2, a releasable locking means26 is provided at the interface ofhinge cover21 andhousing2, as shown. Releasable locking means26 can realized in a variety of ways, including, for example, using a spring biased lamp element27 which engages in anotch28 formed in the external surface of the remaining housing portion, as illustrated inFIG. 1C.
• In general, there are numerous ways to effectuate reciprocation ofinner cannula4 withincannula cavity20 and thus within stationaryouter cannula5. Examples of possible reciprocation means6 include, but are not limited to, gas or electrically driven motor(s). In the embodiments illustrated inFIGS. 1A through 1C,FIGS. 4A through 6A,FIGS. 7 through 8A,FIGS. 6A through 6D, andFIGS. 10 through 14D, one or more gas driven piston-type motors are employed to realize the reciprocation means6 within the liposuction instrument. In the embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 9A through 9F, a rotary-type motor is used to realize reciprocation means6 of the present invention.
• As illustrated inFIG. 1B, a piston-type motor6 is mounted within amotor cavity30 providedadjacent cannula cavity20 ofhousing2. Notably, this reciprocation meanscavity30 extends essentially parallel tocannula cavity20 and along a substantial portion of the longitudinal dimension of hand-holdable housing as will become more apparent hereinafter. This unique spatial relationship between the cannula cavity and reciprocation means cavity withinhousing20, ensures optional cannula displacement relative to longitudinal dimensions of the hand-holdable housing.
• In general,motor6 comprises achamber housing31 having agas inlet port32 and an inner chamber generally indicated byreference numeral33. Slidably received within the inner chamber ofhousing31 is amovable piston34 having formed in thelower portion wall35, one or moregas outlet ports36. Mounted to the top portion ofmovable piston34 isactuation element37, whoseextension13 projects through longitudinally disposedslot38 formed in the bearingwall surface22 ofcannula cavity20. As shown inFIG. 1B,actuation extension13 passing throughslot38, is received withinnotch12 formed ininner cannula base10 and operably associatesinner cannula3 withmotor6.
• As illustrated inFIG. 1B,chamber housing31 is fixedly disposed withinmotor cavity30.Motor cavity30 is also provided with at least oneport39 for ventilating to the ambient environment, gas released frominner chamber33 uponmovable piston34 reaching it maximum displacement or excursion.Movable piston34 is biased in the direction ofchamber housing31 by way of aspring biasing element40. The compliance ofspring biasing element40 can be adjusted by moving the position ofslidable wall41 by rotating, for example, threadedelement42 passing through aportion43 ofhousing2, as shown. With this arrangement, adjustment ofwall41, closer to or farther fromchamber housing31, results in decreasing or increasing, respectively, the compliance ofspring biasing element40. This mechanism, in turn, provides a simple, yet reliable way in which to control the rate of reciprocation ofmovable piston34, and thus the rate of reciprocation ofinner cannula3 relative tohousing2.
• The manner of operation of piston-type motor6 is described as follows. Gas, such as pressurized air or N₂gas, is introduced under constant pressure toinlet port32 ofchamber housing31. As the gas fills up the volume enclosed by the interior walls ofmovable piston34 andchamber33,inner chamber33 begins to expand, forcingmovable piston34 upwardly against the biasing force ofspring biasing element40. Whenmovable piston34 is displaced sufficiently enough fromchamber housing31 so that gas within expandingchamber33 can be released throughgas exit port39 to the ambient atmosphere,piston34 will be forced back downwardly intochamber housing31. The rate of the forced downward piston movement is inversely proportional to the compliance ofspring biasing element40. Subsequently,chamber33 will again fill up with gas,piston34 will again be displaced and gas subsequently vented, whereupon reciprocating displacement ofpiston34 will be repeated again in a cyclical manner. Sincemovable piston34 is operably connected withinner cannula base10 by way ofactuation element37, this reciprocating movement ofpiston34 results in reciprocating movement ofinner cannula3 withincannula cavity20. Furthermore, this relative reciprocation between the inner cannula and the outer cannula results in periodic displacement of the effective aspiration apertures along the distal end portion of the cannula assembly.
• As illustrated inFIG. 1B, the amount of excursion thatpiston34 is permitted to undergo before gas venting and subsequent downward piston movement occurs, is determined by the distance “d” defined betweengas output port32 andtop wall surface47 ofchamber housing31. A typical cannula excursion distance of about four inches, for example, will necessitate that the parameter d, defined above, be also about four inches.
• InFIGS. 4A and 4B, a second embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention is shown.Liposuction device1B has an alternative cannula assembly retention means while inhering all of the structural features of the first embodiment illustrated inFIGS. 1A through 1C. In particular,liposuction device1B does not have a hingedly connected housing cover panel, and instead incorporates a snap-fit type cannula assembly retention mechanism. In accordance with this embodiment,actuation element37′ has an extension which is essentially flush withelongated slot38 formed incavity wall22.
• InFIGS. 4A and 4B, an alternative embodiment of the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly hereof is shown. This cannula assembly is similar to the above-described cannula assembly in all respectives except the extension onactuation element37. In this alternative embodiment, the extension onactuation37′ is provided with a springbiased ball bearing48 that projects slightly beyond cannulacavity wall surface22. Wheninner cannula base10′ is pushed intocannula cavity20 in the vicinity ofactuation element37′,ball bearing48 engages withinindentation ring49 circumferentially formed aboutinner cannula base10′. Notably, spring biased ball bearing48 functions as an engaging means forinner cannula base10′.
• As shown inFIG. 4A, the engaging means forouter cannula base17′ is also realized as a springbiased ball bearing50 installed throughcannula cavity wall22.Outer cannula base5′ is provided with anannular flange47 andindentation ring49 circumferentially formed aboutouter cannula base17′. As shown,annular flange57 establishes surface to surface contact withperipheral surface58 area of the housing whencannula base5′ is pushed intocannula cavity20. In this position,ball bearing50 engages withinindentation ring49 and a snap-fit engagement is established. This arrangement serves to retain both inner andouter cannulas3′ and4cannula cavity20′, in a releasable manner, asactuation element37′ is caused to reciprocate periodically. The outer cannula is simply removed fromcannula cavity20 by quickly pulling onouter cannula tube5 with a modest degree of force, to overcome the bias force of engagedball bearing50. Similarly, the inner cannula is simply removed by quickly pulling oninner cannula tube4′ to over come bias force of engagedball bearing50. Advantageously, this cannula assembly retention mechanism can also provide a safety release feature, in that ifinner cannula4′, for example, becomes snagged during an operation, it will disengage from the reciprocation means6 if a proper spring biasing force is selected forball bearing50.
• FIGS. 7A,7B and8 also show an electro-cauterizing cannula assembly according to the present invention which is adapted for use with liposuction instruments having cannula retention capabilities of the snap-in type described above. Notably, the elements which correspond to inner and outer cannulas illustrated in FIGS.2A through3B1, are indicated by similar reference numbers.
• In the embodiment featured inFIGS. 7A and 7B,inner cannula base10″ has a deeply formedspherical indentation52 which is adapted to receiveball bearing48 mounted in the extension of inactuation element37. To facilitate guidingball bearing48 intospherical indentation52, a longitudinally extending groove53 is formed ininner cannula base10″. Also, as shown, widened recess portions53A and53B are provided at opposite ends of groove53 to facilitate initial insertion ofball bearing48 in groove53. Wheninner cannula base10″ is slid intocannula cavity20, ball bearing48 snaps intoindentation52 to establish a locked position. Biasedball bearing48 engaged inspherical indentation52 serves to retaininner cannula5 withincannula cavity20, while facilitating reciprocation ofinner cannula5 whenactuation element37′ is caused to reciprocate.
• Similar to the snap-fit inner cannula retention mechanism illustrated inFIGS. 7A and 7B,FIG. 8 showsouter cannula base17″ having alongitudinally extending groove55. Also, as shown, widenedrecess portions55A and55B are formed at opposite ends ofgroove55 to facilitate insertion ofball bearing50 intospherical indentation56. Whenouter cannula base17″ is slid intocannula cavity20, ball bearing50 snaps intospherical indentation56 to establish a locked position. When this occurs,annular flange57 will engage with outerperipheral surface58, about circular access opening leading into cannula cavity, shown inFIG. 4A. Upon such engagement,outer cannula5 is rendered stationary relative to hand-holdable housing2. As withinner cannula4, the outer cannula is simply removed fromcannula cavity20 by pulling onouter cannula tube5 with a modest degree of force to overcome the bias force of engagedball bearing50.
• In order to selectively adjust the amount of cannula excursion permitted during a liposuction operation, piston-type motor6 can be modified, as shown inFIG. 5, to produce embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention. As illustrated inFIG. 5, the basic structure of liposuction device1C is similar to that shown inFIGS. 1A through 1C, except that a user-adjustableintermediate housing wall88 is disposed between theinner walls31A ofchamber housing31 and theouter walls34A ofmovable piston34.Intermediate housing wall87 is operably associated with an excursion selection means realized as aslidable member88 fixedly attached to the upper portion of intermediate housing wall59. Preferably,slidable member88 extends through aslot89 formed in the wall ofhousing2 and can be slid, for example, by movement of the surgeon's thumb. The function ofintermediate housing wall87 is to effectively raise the height of the chamber housing wall, and thus selectively increase distance d, defined, for example, as the distance betweengas outlet port32 inpiston34 andupper portion63 of the chamber housing wall. In this way,movable piston34 must undergo a larger displacement before compressed gas will be released andpiston34 permitted to be forced downwardly under the biasing force of biasingspring element40.
• As illustrated in the embodiment shown inFIG. 5, it is also possible to control the rate of reciprocation of the inner cannula by controlling the rate of gasflow entering chamber33 of piston-type motor6. This can be achieved using a conventional gasflow regulation device78 inserted between source of gas “S” andinlet port32 ofchamber housing31. As shown,tubing sections79A and79B are used to achieve fluid communication between these elements. Typically, cannula reciprocation rates will be in the range of 30 to 90 reciprocation cycles per minute, and the corresponding gas flow rates will depend on parameters including, for example, the compliance of biasingspring40, the volumes ofmovable piston34 andchamber housing31, the cross-sectional diameter ofgas inlet port32, and the cross-sectional diameter ofgas outlet ports36 in the piston.
• Referring toFIGS. 6A through 6D, there is shown another embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention. In liposuction device1F, the housing and cannula assembly are generally similar to those of the previously described embodiments, with the exception of several differences which will be described below.
• As illustrated inFIG. 6A, a pair of piston-type motors6A and6B of the type generally indicated inFIGS. 1A through 1C and5, are fixedly installed within respective motor cavities30A and30B ofhousing2. Each piston-type motor6A and6B has a respective chamber housing and movable piston, indicated by31A and31B, and34A and34B, respectively. Actuation elements37A and37B are fixedly connected torespective pistons34A and34B and project through respective elongated slots38A and38B formed incannula cavity wall22; this is achieved, in a manner similar to that described in connection with the embodiments shown inFIGS. 1A through 1C,4A,4B and5. While not shown inFIG. 6A, preferably a rod or bar is fixedly attached between actuation elements37A and37B in order to maintain them a fixed distance apart, and yet provide an operable connection between theinner cannula4′ and actuation elements37A and37B in the manner described below. As shown inFIG. 6B, this embodiment includes hingedcover panel21 in a manner similar to that described in the embodiments ofFIGS. 1A,1C,5,6A and8A.
• As illustrated inFIG. 6A,inner cannula base10′″ has first and second receiving slots ornotches12A and12B, into which extensions13A and13B of respective actuation elements37A and37B are received. Such operable connections betweenmovable pistons6A and6B andinner cannula base10′″ enablesinner cannula4′ to reciprocate relative tohousing2 when actuation elements37A and37B are caused to reciprocate relative to respective gas drivenmotors6A and6B.
• In order to control the filling and venting ofchambers33A and33B of the first and second piston motors, to effectuate cyclical reciprocating motion of actuation elements37A and37B and thusinner cannula4′, a mechanically-operated gasflow control device90 is employed in operable association with an external source of pressurized gas (not shown),gas inlet ports32A and32B, andmovable pistons34A and34B.
• As illustrated in greater detail inFIGS. 6C and 6D, gasflow control device90 comprises a shuttle valve housing or casing91, having first andsecond shuttle chambers92A and92B. These shuttle chambers are separated by ashuttle valve member93 which is fixedly attached to aslidable shaft94. As illustrated,shuttle valve member93 is slidable between two positions or states “A” and “B”. In order to achieve thisshaft94 extends throughbores95A and95B formed in shuttle chamber andwalls91A and91B respectively, in which seals96A and96B are installed in a conventional manner. When theshuttle valve93 is centrally disposed in casing91 between states A and B, shaft ends94A and94B protrude equally beyondrespective bores95A and95B.
• Adjacent one end of cylindrical shuttle chamber side wall98, a first gas exit port89A is formed, whereas adjacent the other end of wall98, a second gas exit port98B is formed, as shown. At about intermediate the end walls, a gas inlet port100 is formed in shuttle chamber side wall98. A pair of annulus-shaped shuttle valve stops101A and101B are formed at opposite end portions of the interior surface of cylindrical wall98. Thesestops101A and101B serve to limit sliding movement ofshuttle valve93 whenshaft94 is displaced in one of two possible axial directions by actuation elements37A and37B, respectively, as shown inFIG. 6A. As will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, it is these actuation elements37A and37B which displaceshaft94 and thus shuttlevalve93 between one of two states, asmovable pistons34A and34B are caused to reciprocate. Preferably, at least a portion ofshuttle valve93 is formed of a ferromagnetic material so thatferrous end walls102A and102B will attractferromagnetic shuttle valve93 and pull it against one ofstops101A and101B and into gas flow state A or B, i.e., whenshuttle valve93 is brought into proximity therewith upon displacement ofshaft94 by one of actuation elements37A and37B. Peripheral side surfaces ofshuttle valve93 are provided withseals103 to prevent gas leakage betweenshuttle chambers92A and92B.
• As illustrated inFIG. 6A, firstgas exit port99A ofdevice90 is in a fluid communication withsecond chamber housing31B by gas channel104, whereas secondgas exit port99B is in fluid communication withfirst chamber housing31A by gas channel105. In the illustrated embodiment,gas inlet aperture106 is formed throughhousing2 and permitsgas channel107 to establish fluid communication between gas inlet port100 and the external source of pressurized gas. Notably,chamber housings31A and31B, shuttle valve housing91,gas channels104,105 and107 can be realized as discrete elements, as shown, or alternatively as integrally formed elements which are part of the interior of the hand-holdable housing itself.
• The principal function of gasflow control device90 is to control the flow of gas topistons34A and34B so that only one of the gas pistons is actively driven at a time, while the other is passively driven. The manner of operation of gasflow control device90 in cooperation with the periodic displacement ofpistons34A and34B, will now, be described.
• Owing to the fact thatshuttle valve93 is magnetically biased to be in essentially one of two possible positions, or gas flow states, gas will initially be caused to flow into one of piston-chamber housings31A or31B, and cause its respective piston and actuation element to move away (i.e. protract) from its respective chamber housing. Only along a small portion of the piston excursion willshuttle valve shaft94 and thus shuttlevalve93, be displaced within shuttle valve housing91 as the actively driven piston is displaced upon buildup of pressurized gas within its respective chamber.
• To illustrate this cyclical process, it will be assumed that gasflow control valve90 is initially in state A, as shown inFIG. 6A. Here,piston34A has reached its maximal displacement and pressurized gas withinchamber33A has been substantially vented through gas outlet port26A and throughports39A and39B. In this position (state A),shuttle valve90 is magnetically biased againststops101B so that gas is caused to flow from the external gas source (not shown), through first shuttle chamber93A and into second chamber housing33B. With shuttle valve92 in this state, gas pressure is allowed to build up in chamber33B, displacing piston34B and actuation element37B to protract fromsecond chamber housing31B. Therewhile,inner cannula base10′″ is caused to undergo an outwardly directed excursion withincannula cavity20, commensurate with the active displacement of piston34B. During piston excursion (i.e., travel) defined over length L₁,shuttle valve93 remains in state A againststop101B.
• Then over piston excursion L₂, actuation element37Bcontacts shaft end94B and displacesshuttle valve93 away fromstop101B to about mid-position in shuttle housing91, approximately over input port100, at which point,magnetic shuttle valve93 is pulled towardferrous plate102A into state B and againststop101A, as shown inFIG. 6A with phantom lines. At this phase in the cycle,piston34A is fully retracted withinchamber housing31A, while piston34B is fully protracted fromchamber housing31B and displaced a distance L₃from the upper portion thereof (i.e., L₃=L₁+L₂). In State B, gasflow control device50 directs the flow of pressurized gas from the external source, alongchannel107, throughsecond shuttle chamber92B and along channel105 and intopiston chamber housing31A.
• Magnetically biasedshuttle valve93 remains in state B aschamber housing31A fills with pressurized gas, expanding thechamber33A and actively displacingpiston34 A away fromchamber housing31A, while causing piston34B to passively retract back into itschamber housing31B. All the while,inner cannula base10′″, being operably associated with actuation elements37A and37B, undergoes a commensurate amount of inwardly directed excursion withincannula cavity20. When piston34B is displaced an amount of distance L₄, actuation element37Acontacts shaft end94A and displaces shuttle valve93 a small distance L₅, at which point,magnetic shuttle valve93 is pulled towards ferrous plat102B, back into state A and againststop101B. At this phase in the cycle, piston34B is fully retracted withinchamber housing31B whilepiston34A is fully protracted fromchamber housing31A and displaced at a distance L₆from the upper portion thereof (i.e., L₆=L₄+L₅). In state A, gasflow control device90 directs the flow of pressurized gas from the external source, alongchannel107, throughfirst shuttle chamber92A, along channel104 and intopiston chamber housing31B.
• Magnetically biasedshuttle valve93 remains in state A aschamber housing91B fills with pressurized gas, expanding chamber3B actively displacing piston34B away fromchamber housing31B, while causingpiston34A to passively retract back into itspiston chamber housing31A. All the while,inner cannula base10′″, being operably associated with actuation elements37A and37B, undergoes once again a commensurate amount of outwardly directed excursion withincannula cavity20. With a preselected gas pressure and flow rate set at gas inlet port100 ofdevice90, the above-described process of gas filling, venting and flow control occurs automatically at a corresponding rate, resulting in periodic reciprocation ofinner cannula10′″ relative to hand-holdable housing2. In turn, this periodic reciprocation ofinner cannula4′ results in periodic displacement of the general location of aspiration occurring along the length of the cannula assembly.
• Referring toFIGS. 9A through 9F, there is illustrated yet another embodiment of the liposuction device of the present invention. In general,liposuction device1G has a pistol-shapedhousing110 which comprises abarrel portion111 and adetachable handle portion112. Instead of using a reciprocating piston motor to translateinner cannula4′ relative to housing100, this embodiment utilizes a rotary-type motor113. In operative association with a cam mechanism, generally indicated byreference numeral114, rotary-type motor113 causesactuation element115 to cyclically slide back and forth and causeinner cannula4′ to periodically reciprocate relative tobarrel portion111 of the pistol-shaped housing.
• As illustrated inFIGS. 9B through 9D,barrel portion111 of the housing comprises acannula cavity116 adapted for slidably receiving cylindrically-shapedbase17 ofinner cannula4′, in a manner described hereinabove.Cannula cavity116 is also provided with a longitudinally extending access opening, over which a hingedly connectedcover panel117 is provided. As illustrated inFIG. 9E,cover panel117 facilities insertion of the cannula assembly into, and removal of the cannula assembly from,cannula cavity116 in a manner similar to that described in connection withliposuction instrument1A ofFIGS. 1A through 1C, in particular. As illustrated inFIG. 9C in greater detail,inner cannula base10 is adapted to be received withincannula cavity116 and outercannula base flange19 releasably received withinannular recess118 formed incannula cavity wall22.
• To installinner cannula4′ intocannula cavity116, semi-flexibletransparent tubing15 is connected to innercannula outlet port11. Then coverpanel117 is opened and tubing is fed out throughrear port119 of the barrel portion, as illustrated inFIGS. 9C and 9F.Inner cannula base10 is then slid intocavity116 with extensional portion ofactuation element115 received innotch12. Thenouter cannula5′ is slid over the distal end ofinner cannula4′ untilouter cannula base17 is received withinannular recess118. Thereafter, as shown inFIG. 9E,cover panel117 is snapped closing using, for example, a springbiased locking device120, of the type previously described above. Removal of inner and outer cannulas simply involves a reversal of the above procedure.
• Alternatively, using spring biased actuation elements and inner and outer cannulas of the type shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B,barrel portion111 can be realized without necessity of hingedcover panel117. In such an alternative embodiment, the inner and outer cannulas can be snap-fitted into and pulled out ofcannula cavity116 in a manner similar to that described hereinabove.
• As illustrated inFIGS. 9B through 9F,barrel portion111houses cam mechanism114 which is operably associated with (i)rotary motor113 contained within the handle portion, and (ii)actuation element115 which slidably passes through alongitudinal slot121 formed within the upper wall ofcannula cavity116. As in the other previously described embodiments,actuation element115 includesextension115A that passes through elongatedslot121 and is received withinnotch12 formed ininner cannula base10. In addition,cam mechanism114 of the illustrated embodiment inherently embodies gear reduction. In this way, a high angular shaft velocity ofrotary motor113, can be efficiently transformed into reciprocational strokes of the cannula, occurring at a substantially lower rate. With such an arrangement, asrotary motor113 is caused to rotate under either gas pressure or electrical power,actuation element115 is caused to reciprocate withinelongated slot121 by way ofcam mechanism114, and thereby causeinner cannula4′ to periodically reciprocate relative tohousing110. This motion results in periodic displacement of the general location of aspiration occurring along the length of the cannula assembly.
• As illustrated inFIGS. 9B and 9C,cam mechanism114 of the preferred embodiment comprises adrive wheel122 having a first predetermined number ofgear teeth123 disposed thereabout.Drive wheel122 is rotatably mounted to ashaft124 mounted through an opening in the top panel of anaccommodating section125 of the barrel portion.Cam mechanism114 also includes aconnective element126 having first and second ends126A and126B, respectively.First end126A of the connective element is pivotally attached to thedrive wheel122 at a point disposed away from theaxial center124, whereas second end126B is pivotally connected toactuation element115 as shown. In order to adjust the distance away from the axis ofrotation124 at which the first end for the connective element is pivotally attached, a radially formed slot127 is formed indrive wheel122. A plurality of widenedcircular apertures128 are disposed along radial slot127 as shown inFIGS. 9B and 9D. In this way, a spring-loadedcylindrical pin129 passing through the first end ofconnective element126, can be selectively locked into one ofapertures128 by pulling upwardly uponpin129 and setting itscylindrical base129A into the desiredaperture128. InFIG. 9D,pin129 is shown to further includepin head129B, ahollow bore129B, and an axle129D having heads129E and129F. As shown, aspring129G is enclosed within bore129C about axle129D and betweenhead129F and aninner flange129H. By selectively locking thefirst end126A ofconnective element126 into a particularcircular notch128 usingspringloaded pin129, the distance of the first end of the connective element fromaxial center124 can be set, and thus the amount of inner cannula excursion (and effective aspiration aperture displacement) thereby selected. To permit access to spring-loadedpin129, the top panel ofaccommodating portion125 of the housing is provided with a hingeddoor132 that can be opened and snapped closed as desired.
• As illustrated inFIGS. 9B and 9C,handle portion112 of the housing encloses a substantial portion ofrotary motor113 whoseshaft133 projects beyond the handle portion and bears agear wheel134. As shown,gear wheel134 has a second predetermined number ofgear teeth134A disposed circumferentially thereabout, which mesh withdrive wheel teeth123. Notably, to permit therear portion119 ofcannula cavity116 to extend all the way towards the rear of the barrel portion for passage and exit ofaspiration hose15,shaft133 of the motor is mounted off center ofhandle portion113, as shown inFIGS. 9C and 9F.
• Rotary motor113 is preferably an electric motor whose shaft speed is controllable by the voltage applied to its terminals. Such speed control can be realized by a conventionalspeed control circuit135 connected betweenmotor113 and a conventional 110-115 volt, 50-60 Hertz power supply. As illustrated inFIG. 9C, conventionalelectrical cord136 and on/offpower switch150 can be used to connectcontrol circuit135 and the power supply. Control over the output voltage produced fromspeed control circuit115 and provided toelectrical motor113, can be adjusted, for example, by changing the resistance of apotentiometer137 which is operably connected to the speed control circuit. As shown inFIG. 6C in particular, thispotentiometer137 can be embodied within atrigger mechanism138 which is connected, for example, to handleportion112 ofhousing110. By pullingtrigger138, the speed ofrotary motor113 can be controlled, and consequently, so too the rate of reciprocation ofinner cannula4′ relative toouter cannula5′, and thus the rate of displacement of the effective aspiration apertures.
• To connecthandle portion112 tobarrel portion111 and permit disconnection therebetween for cleaning, sterilization and general service, handleportion112 is provided withflange140 and thumb-operable spring element141.Barrel portion111, on the other hand, is provided withslot142, catch143, andcavity144. To connecthandle portion112 tobarrel portion111,shaft133 is vertically passed throughchannels144 and145 untilgear134 is slightly below the plane ofdrive wheel122. Then,spring element141 is inserted withincavity144 whileflange140 is guided intoslot142. By pushing the rear portion ofhandle112 in the longitudinal direction ofcannula cavity116,spring element141 will snap over andclasp catch143 as shown inFIG. 12C. In this configuration,handle portion112 is secured tobarrel portion111 andgear teeth123 will mesh withdrive wheel teeth134A. To disconnecthandle portion112 frombarrel portion11, the surgeon's thumb simply depresses spring-element141 downwardly and then, by movinghandle portion112 slightly rearwardly, then downwardly,flange140 is dislodged fromslot142 andmotor shaft133 can be withdrawn fromchannels144 and145. In this disassembled state, handleportion110 andbarrel portion112 can be individually cleaned and sterilized using conventional procedures known in the surgical instrument art.
• Liposuction device1G described above employed an electric rotary motor to effectuate reciprocation ofinner cannula4′ relative tohousing110. However, in an alternative embodiment, it is possible to effect reciprocation of the outer cannula while the inner cannula is stationary with respect to the housing, as shown inFIGS. 6A through 7. Also, it is possible to employ a conventional gas driven rotary motor in lieu of electricrotary motor113. In such an embodiment, trigger138 can be operatively associated with a gas flow control valve. Thus, by controlling the rate of gas flow to the gas rotary motor upon actuation oftrigger138, the angular velocity ofshaft133 can be controlled and thus the rate of reciprocation ofinner cannula4′ relative tohousing110.
• Having described various illustrated embodiments, it is appropriate at this juncture to describe the method of the present invention using, for purposes of illustration only, the liposuction instrument1C illustrated inFIG. 5.
• In general, the surgeon prepares in a conventional manner, the area of skin below which liposuction is to be performed. Typically, this entails marking various zones where radial displacement of the aspiration apertures is to occur. Liposuction instrument1C of the present invention is assembled as described above so thataspiration apertures8A′,8B′ and8C′ ofcannula assembly3′ are in communication with a vacuum source (not shown). A small incision is then made in the patient's skin in a conventional manner, and the distal portion of the cannula assembly is inserted into a premarked radial zone. As pressurized gas is provided topiston motor6,inner cannula10 will automatically reciprocate causing the general location of the suction apertures to be automatically displaced along each tunnel of fatty tissue. During the operation of the instrument, the surgeon's hand holding the liposuction instrument is maintained essentially stationary with respect to the patient. Fatty tissue is aspirated through the periodically displaced aspiration apertures, and transferred into a reservoir tank operably associated with the vacuum source.
• As deemed necessary, the surgeon can selectively increase the rate of aspiration aperture travel along the distal end of the cannula assembly. This can be achieved by a foot-operated gasflow control device78 which controls the rate of gas flow topiston motor6. Also, the amount of inner cannula excursion (i.e., aspiration aperture travel) can also be selected by adjusting the compliance ofspring40 through rotation of threadedelement42.
• In the illustrative embodiments described hereinabove, the outer cannula has been made from an electrically non-conductive material (i.e., achieving electrical isolation between the cauterizing electrodes supported on the outer cannula, and electrically conductive inner cannula). The inner cannula has been made from stainless steel, offering the advantage of being easily cleaned and sterilizable. The plastic outer cannula offers the advantages of electrical insulation, low manufacturing cost and disposability. Preferably, when making the outer cannula from a suitable plastic material, injection moulding processes can be used.
• InFIG. 10, an alternative embodiment of the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 9 is shown. While this embodiment of the liposuction instrument hereof180 is similar to the embodiment shown inFIG. 9, there are a number of differences. For example, anactuator181 magnetically-coupled to an air poweredcylinder182 is used to reciprocate thebase portion10 of the inner cannula of its electro-cauterizing cannula assembly. The magnetically-coupled air powered cylinder and actuator subassembly (182,181) can be realized as Model No. MG038 commercially available from Tol-O-Matic, Inc. of Hamel, Minn. As shown inFIG. 10, the ends of the air poweredcylinder182 are supported by an external guide and support system comprisesbrackets183A and183B, which are integrated with interior portions of the hand-holdable housing. Theactuator block181, which is mounted about the cylindrical shaft of thecylinder182, reciprocates between thesupport brackets183A and183B in response to pressurized air (gas) flowing into its first air input/output port18A, then the second air input/output port184B, repeatedly in an alternating manner, causing theactuator181 to reciprocate along thecylinder182. Such pressurized air streams are provided by an air-flow control device185.
• As shown inFIG. 10A, the airflow control device185 has oneair supply port185A, first and second air output/returnports185B and185C, and first and secondair exhaust ports185D and185E.Air supply port185A is supplied with pressurized air through tubing185A1 connected to flowrate control unit219 which is controlled by electrical signals produced bytrigger138 when pulled to a particular degree of angular function of deflection. Thecontrol unit219 is to control the flow of air fromsupply tubing section219A connected to an external source of pressurized air. The first and second air output/returnports185B and185C, are arranged in fluid communication with the first and second air input/output ports184A and184B of thecylinder182, respectively, by way ofair tubing sections186 and187.
• As shown inFIG. 10A, air-flow control device185 has an airflow control shaft188 with airflow directing surfaces188A. Air flow control shaft is slidably supported within the housing of the device. The function of the flow control shaft is to commute air flow between its various ports described above in response to the position of theactuator181 along thecylinder182 during device operation. In order to achieve such functions, the air-flow control shaft188 of the illustrative embodiment is mechanically coupled to an actuatorstroke control rod189 by way of a mechanical linkage1990.Linkage190 is supported bybrackets191A,191B and191C and secured to the interior of the hand-holdable housing. Along the actuatorstroke control rod189, a pair of actuator stops192A and192B are disposed. In the illustrative embodiment, stops192A and192B are realized as slidable rods which are adapted to lock into different detected positions along thestroke control rod189 when the surgeon presses the top thereof (located outside of the housing) downwardly and then in the direction of adjustment, releasing the control stop at its desired location. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to fix one of the control stops while allowing the other control stop to be adjustable along a selected portion of the length of thestroke control rod189. In alternative embodiments, actuator stroke control can be realized using other types of adjustment mechanisms including, for example, externally accessible adjustment screw mechanism, in which adjustment (rotation) of a single knob or thumb-wheel enables the surgeon to set the stroke length of the inner cannula and thus the aspiration aperture thereof; electronic control mechanisms, in which actuation of an electronic or electrical device, such as foot pad or electrical switch enables the surgeon to translate the position of one or both of the stroke control stops by electro-mechanical means (including linear motors, geared rotary motors and the like.)
• As shown inFIG. 10A, the airflow control shaft188 has two primary positions; a first position, in which pressurized air from theair supply port185A is directed to flow through the second air output/return port188C of the air flow control device, alongtubing187 and into the second input/output port184B of thecylinder182, while the second input/outlet port184B of the cylinder is in communication with thefirst exhaust port185D of the airflow control device185 causing inner cannula to project away from the housing; and a second position, in which pressurized air from theair supply port185A is directed to flow through the first air output/return port188B of the air flow control device, alongtubing186 and into the first input/output port184A of the cylinder, while the second input/outlet port184B of the cylinder is in communication with thesecond exhaust port185E of the airflow control device185, causing the inner cannula to retract inwards towards the housing. By virtue of this arrangement, theactuator181 is automatically driven back and forth between stroke control stops192A and192B along the cylinder stroke rod in response to pressurized air flow into the airflow control device185. When the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly ofFIG. 11A is installed within the cannula cavity of the liposuction device, as described hereinabove, theinner cannula4 will be caused to reciprocate relative to theouter cannula5. In the illustrative embodiment, the length of the excursion of theinner cannula4 is determined by the physical spacing betweenmechanical stops192A and192B. By varying the spacing of these stops along thestroke control rod182, the maximum excursion of the inner cannula relative to the stationary outer cannula can be simply and easily set and reset as necessary by the surge on.
• InFIG. 11A, an electro-cauterizingcannula assembly3″ is shown for use with the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 10. In this illustrative embodiment, both the inner and outer cannulas are made of an electrically non-conductive material such a sterilizable plastic. In the embodiment ofFIG. 10, hand-holdable housing is preferably made from an electrically non-conductive material. Electricallyconductive electrodes195A,195B,195C and195D are inserted within theinner aspiration apertures8A,8B,8C and8D andelectrical wiring196 run to the innercannula base portion10, wherein anelectrical contact pad197 is embedded. Electricallyconductive electrodes160A,160B,160C and160D are also inserted within theouter aspiration apertures16A,16B,16C and16D, andelectrical wiring168 run to the outercannula base portion19, wherein anelectrical contact pad166B is embedded. Anelectrical contact pad176B is also embedded within the base portion recess within the hand-holdable housing.
• As shown inFIGS. 10 and 11, anelectrical contact rail198 is embedded within the side wall surface of the cannula cavity so thatelectrical contact pad197 orbase portion10 of the inner cannula establishes electrical contact therewith to apply RF (supply/return) power signals to the electrodes in the inner cannula during liposuction operations. In such circumstances, two sets of electrical connections occur. Firstly, thebase portion10 of the inner cannula is securely engaged by the actuator block181 (snap-fitting or other suitable means) and theelectrical contact pad197 contact with theelectrical rail198 embedded within the inner side wall surface of the cannula cavity. Secondly, thebase portion19 of the outer cannula is received within the base portion recess of the hand-holdable housing and the electrical contact pad (i.e., RF power supply terminal)176B embedded therewithin establishes contact with theelectrical contact166B embedded within the base portion of the outer cannula. By virtue of these electrical connections, RF supply potentials are applied to the electrode portions of the inner cannula, while RF return potentials are applied to the electrode portions of the outer cannula, whereby electro-cauterization occurs.
• InFIG. 13A through 13D, an alternative electro-cauterizingcannula assembly3′″ is shown for use with the liposuction instrument shown inFIGS. 10 and 10A, and readily adaptable for use with other liposuction instruments of the present invention. In this particular illustrative embodiment, both the inner and outer cannulas are made of an electrically conductive material. The hand-holdable housing is made from an electrically non-conductive material (e.g., plastic). Between these electricallyconductive cannulas4 and5 means are provided for maintaining electrical isolation between the electrically conductive carrier and outer cannula which, during electro-cauterization, are maintained at an electrical potential difference (i.e., voltage) of 800 volts or more. In general, a variety of different techniques can be employed for carrying out this functionality. For example, a thin coating ofTeflon® material200 can be applied to the outer surface of the outer cannula. Alternatively, a series of electrically-insulating spacer/washers made from Teflon® ceramic, or like material can be mounted within circumferentially extending grooves formed periodically about the inner cannula to maintain sufficient spacing and thus electrical insulation between the inner and outer cannulas. Preferably, the spacing between each pair of insulating spacers is smaller than the length of thebore18 formed in the electrically conductive base portion of the outer cannula, as illustrated inFIG. 13A.
• The electrical contact rail (i.e., RF power supply terminal)198 embedded within the cannula cavity establishes electrical contact with the base portion of the inner cannula when the cannula assembly is installed in the housing of the device. Also,electrical contact pad176B embedded within the recess portion of the housing establishes electrical contact with the base portion of the outer cannula when the cannula assembly is installed within the hand-holdable housing. In the assembled state, two sets of electrical connections occur. Firstly, the electrically conductive base portion of the inner cannula is engaged by theelectrical contact rail198. Secondly, the base portion of the outer cannula is received within the base portion recess and the base portion of the outer cannula establishes contact with theelectrical contact176B embedded within the recess portion. By virtue of these electrical connections, RF supply potentials are applied to the inner cannula, while RF return potentials are applied to the outer cannula. The potential difference(s) between these surfaces about the aspiration apertures enable electro-cauterization of tissue as it is being aspirated through the aspiration aperture moving along the cannula assembly.
• In another illustrative embodiment of the present invention, theinner cannula4 is made of an electrically non-conductive material such as plastic. The outer cannula is made of electrically conductive material (e.g., stainless steel). The hand-holdable housing is made from an electrically non-conductive material (e.g., plastic). Electrically conductive electrodes are inserted within the inner aspiration apertures thereof, and electrical wiring run to the inner cannula base portion, wherein an electrical contact rail is also embedded.
• As shown inFIG. 14G, anelectrical contact rail213A is also embedded within the side wall of the cannula cavity. An electrical contact pad embedded within the recess of the plastic hand-holdable housing establishes electrical contact with the base portion of the electrically conductive outer cannula. Thus, when the cannula assembly is installed within the hand-holdable housing, two sets of electrical connections occur. Firstly, the base portion of the inner cannula is engaged by the actuation means and the electrical contact pad therewithin establish contact with the electrical contact embedded within the base portion of the outer cannula. By virtue of these electrical connections, RF supply potential are applied to the electrode portions of the inner cannula, while RF return potentials are applied to the electrode portions of the outer cannula.
• In yet other alternative embodiments of the present invention, hemostasis can be carried out in the powered liposuction instruments hereof by producing ultrasonic energy (having a frequency of about 50 kilohertz) and delivering the same to the aspiration aperture regions of the cannula assembly during liposuction procedures. Such ultrasonic energy will cause protein coagulation of aspirated tissue in the regions of the aspiration apertures. When the frequency of the ultrasonic energy is reduced to about 20-25 kilohertz, liquefaction or lipolysis of the aspirated tissue will occur. Such modes of operation can be added to any of the electro-cauterizing liposuction instruments of the present invention, or to liposuction instruments with electro-cauterizing capabilities.
• InFIGS. 14 through 14C, a preferred embodiment of the ultrasonic cauterizing liposuction instrument of the present invention is shown. In general, the embodiment shown inFIGS. 14 through 14C is similar to the liposuction instrument ofFIG. 10, except that it includes several additional means which enable it to effect protein coagulation (and thus hemostasis) during liposuction using ultrasonic energy having a frequency of about 50 kilohertz and sufficient power. As shown, a set of piezo-electric crystals210 are embedded about the lumen of the inner cannula and encased within the base portion of the inner cannula made of plastic.
• As shown inFIG. 14, anelectrical signal generator216 external to the liposuction device is provided for supplying electrical drive signals toterminals214 viacontrol circuit215 when it is enabled by manual actuation oftrigger138. Theelectrical signal generator216 should be capable of producing electrical signals having a frequency in the range of about 15 to 60 kHz, at a sufficient power level. Any commercially available signal generator, used in medical applications, can be used to realize this system component. The electrical signals produced fromgenerator216 are applied to the terminals of the piezo-electric transducers embedded within the electrically non-conductive base portion of the inner cannula.
• When thegenerator216 is switched to produce signals in range centered about 20 kHz, these signals are delivered to the array of piezo-electric transducers embedded within the base portion of the inner cannula. These drive signals cause the piezo-electric transducers to produce ultrasonic signals in substantially the same frequency range to propagate along the surface of the inner cannula and out the inner and outer aspiration apertures, enabling lipolysis or liquefaction of aspirated fat tissue.
• When the generator is switched to produce signals in range centered about 50 kHz, these signals are delivered to the array of piezo-electric transducers embedded within the base portion of the inner cannula. These drive signals cause the piezo-electric transducers to produce ultrasonic signals in substantially the same frequency range to establish standing waves within the inner cannula which propagate out the apertures of inner and outer cannula, enabling coagulation of protein molecules within aspirated tissue, thus achieve hemostasis.
• While carrying out lipolysis using ultrasonic energy producing means within the liposuction device hereof, the surgeon may also desire to conduct hemostasis by coagulating protein molecules within tissue being aspirated. As shown inFIG. 14, by pullingtrigger138,control circuit217 automatically commutes RF supply and return signals from the RFsignal supply unit175 topower supply terminals218 which, in turn, are connected to contactpads176A and176B embedded withinrecess17A, supporting the base portion of the outer cannula with respect to the hand-holdable housing.
• As shown inFIGS. 10 and 14, aflow control switch219 is provided within the handle of the housing in order to enable the flow of pressurized air from air supply to the reciprocation means (e.g.,cylinder182, etc.) only when manually actuatedtrigger138 is manually actuated (or a foot pedal is depressed). When thetrigger138 is pulled, an electrical signal is sent to theflow control switch219 which, in turn, permits a selected amount of pressurized air to flow into the reciprocation device (e.g., cylinder182). Thetrigger switch138 can have a number of positions, at which different electrical signals are produced for enablingflow control switch219 to allow pressured air to flow to the reciprocation means182 at different flow rates. This can be used to control the rate of reciprocation of the inner cannula relative to the outer cannula, providing the surgeon with additional control over the tissue aspiration process.
• Notably, an improved degree of surgical control and user safety is provided by the liposuction instrument of the present invention described above.
• In particular,control circuit217 prevents the liposuction instrument hereof from carrying out cauterization along the length of its cannula assembly, unless the cannula is reciprocating and/or aspirating. This condition is detected when thetrigger138 is pulled to a particular degree of angular deflection. The reason for providing such control over the electro-cauterization functionality of the liposuction device hereof is to prevent inadvertent burning of tissue during liposuction and like procedures.
• The function of thecontrol logic circuit215 is to enable the commutation of 20-25 kilohertz electrical signals between thegenerator216 and the power supply rails213A and213B (to energize the piezo-electric transducers210 in the base portion of the inner cannula) only when aspirated tissue is flowing through the inner cannula. This condition is detected when thetrigger138 is pulled to a particular degree of angular deflection.
• The electro-cauterization electrodes of the liposuction devices hereof can be controlled in a variety of different ways. One way would be to continuously enable RF-based electro-cauterization during sensed tissue aspiration. In such “continuously-enabled” embodiments of the present invention, there will typically be no need for external switches to activate the electro-cauterizing electrodes embodied within the cannula assembly of the present invention.
• Another way would be to enable RF-based electro-cauterization by way of switching RF supply and return signals to the electrodes during sensed tissue aspiration and supply of an activation signal by the surgeon. Generation of the activation signal can be realized by manually actuating a second trigger, or pushing a button, or depressing a foot pedal, external to the hand-supportable housing, or by automatically detecting a particular condition along the aspiration channel of the device or elsewhere therein.
• While the liposuction instruments described above have been shown to include four symmetrically arranged aspiration apertures, it may be desired in particular applications to provide a cannula assembly having inner and outer cannulas with one, two or three aspiration apertures, rather than four as shown in the illustrative embodiments.
• In some applications it may be desired to provide a cannula assembly having a pair of diametrically opposed aspiration apertures, and an outer cannula with a single aspiration aperture. The outer cannula assembly can be adapted to be rotatable in one of two angular positions about the inner cannula. In the first position, the single aspiration aperture formed in the outer cannula is aligned in registration with the first aspiration aperture along the inner cannula. When rotated into its second angular position, the single aspiration aperture of the outer cannula is aligned in registration with the second aspiration aperture along the inner cannula. The surgeon can easily switch the outer cannula between its first and second angular positions by rotating a small radially extending projection, adjacent the hand-holdable housing, in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction to align the aspiration aperture on the outer cannula in registration with the selected aspiration aperture on the inner cannula. This feature of the present invention provides the surgeon with the option of changing which side of the distal end of the cannula assembly is enabled to aspirate tissue during a liposuction procedure without the necessity of removing, repositioning and reinserting the cannula assembly within the housing. This technical feature can be used in conjunction with both electro-cauterizing as well as ultrasonic cauterizing functionalities of the present invention described above. When this aspiration aperture orientation control feature is provided in a liposuction instrument of the present invention having cauterizing electrodes embedded about the aspiration aperture(s) of a plastic outer cannula, an electrical communication mechanism can be embodied within the outer cannula the proximal portion thereof and its base portion so that electrical connectivity can be achieved between the cauterizing electrode on the outer cannula and its electrically conductive contact pad embedded within the base portion of the outer cannula.
• As shown inFIGS. 15 through 19, the liposuction device of the present invention may be equipped with a monopolar-type electrocauterizing cannula assembly, in contrast with the bipolar designs shown and described in detail hereinabove. While the monopolar-type liposuction instrument of the present invention is shown embodied within the general design ofFIGS. 1A through 1C, with appropriate modifications, it is understood that any of the alternative embodiments shown and described hereinabove can be readily modified to provide a monopolar-type electrocauterizing cannula assembly in accordance with the principles of the present invention
• As illustrated in greater detail inFIGS. 15 and 16, theliposuction device301 comprises an hand-holdable housing302, adetachable cannula303 with a monopolar electro-cauterizing electrode(s), and areciprocation mechanism304 for causing thecannula303 to reciprocate relative to the housing.Cannula303 of the present invention comprises anelongated tube390 having an aspiration (i.e. suction)aperture306 at its distal end and a base307 operably associated with the proximal end of thetube390. Preferably,cannula base307 has anoutlet port308 formed at its remote end, and a notch or recess likestructure309 formed in its central most portion, as shown. As will be described in greater detail hereinafter,notch structure309 functions to releasably receive a terminal portion of the electrically-conductive actuator element312, in order to engage therewith and thereby actuate reciprocation ofcannula303 withinhousing302 during operation of thereciprocation mechanism304. In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the notch likestructure309 can be realized in variety of different ways depending, of course, on the structure of theactuator312.
• As shown inFIGS. 16,18 and19, the shape ofcannula base307 is preferably cylindrical and will match the bearing surfaces which guide the cannula as it is caused to reciprocate withinhousing302. As illustrated, cannula303 (303′) has acontinuous passageway310 which extends fromaspiration aperture306 tooutlet port308 for transporting aspirated fat tissue throughaperture306 to a conventional vacuum source (not shown). To achieve this function, the vacuum source is connected tooutlet port308 using preferably optically transparent,semi-flexible tubing311.
• As shown, the gross geometry of thehousing302 is preferably that of an ellipsoid, however, other geometries such as, for example, as a cylindrical structure, can be used in practicing the present invention.Housing302 has a cannula cavity generally indicated byreference numeral313, and has generally cylindrical bearing surfaces314 which match theouter bearing surface315 ofcannula303, to permit sliding movement ofcannula303 within313. While cylindrical bearing surfaces have been selected in the preferred embodiment, the use of other forms of bearing surfaces (e.g., rectangular or triangular) is contemplated. To minimize friction, bearingsurfaces314 and315 may be coated with a Teflon® or functionally equivalent coating, to facilitate easy sliding ofcannula base307 withincavity313 with low wear.
• As illustrated inFIG. 17,housing302 of the illustrative embodiment is provided with a hingedcover331. Hingedcover331 allowscannula cavity313 to be opened and accessed andcannula303 to be selectively installed in and removed fromhousing cavity313.Cover panel331 has a semi-circular cross-sectional geometry and is connected to the remainder portion of thehousing302 by a conventional hinge means332. To securecover panel331 to the remainder ofhousing302, a releasable locking means333 is provided at the interface ofhinge cover331 and the remainder portion ofhousing302, as shown. Releasable locking means333 can be realized in a variety of ways, including, for example, using a springbiased clamp element334 which engages in anotch335 formed in the external surface of the remainder portion of thehousing302, as illustrated inFIG. 17.
• In the case of the cannula assembly design of the first illustrative embodiment shown inFIG. 18, the distal and proximal portions of thecannula303 are made from an electricallyconductive lumen material350 having a non-conductive coating352 (e.g. made from TFE coating or outer plastic sheath) applied thereover. Preferably, thenon-conductive coating352 disposed upon or applied over the electrically-conductive cannula303 forms acauterizing electrode356 about on the inner edge walls of theaspiration aperture306, as shown inFIG. 18.
• The function of theaspiration aperture306 is to ensure that aspirated fatty tissue is subject to an electrical potential difference (i.e. V1-V2) maintained between the cauterizing electrode and reference ground, which is sufficient to electro-cauterize fatty tissue as the same is being aspirated through the aspiration aperture. In this illustrative embodiment, the electro-cauterizingelectrode356 formed about the outer edge of theaspiration aperture306 is maintained at electrical potential V1 by way of a first electrically conductive pathway realized along the cannula assembly, best illustrated inFIGS. 18,18A and18B. As shown in these drawings,electrical contact plate358 can be embedded within thenotch309 formed in thebase portion307 of the cannula assembly, while an electricallyconductive post354 affixed to contactplate358 establishes electrical contact with the distal portion of the electricallyconductive lumen350. By virtue of the fact that the electro-cauterizingelectrode356 is realized from the conductive material of the electricallyconductive lumen350, which is in electrical contact with theelectrical contact plate358 via electrically-conductive post354.
• In the case of the cannula assembly design ofFIG. 19, thecannula303′ is made from an electrically non-conductive material (e.g. plastic) having an electro-cauterizing electrode380 (realized in the form of any eyelet or like structure) mounted about eachcannula aspiration aperture306 provided at the distal end of the cannula. As will be described in greater detail below, preferably theelectrode380 is formed on the inner edge wall of the aspiration aperture and is maintained at electrical potential V1 whereas the human patient is maintained at electrical ground potential V2=0 Volts, so that, during liposuction procedures, aspirated fatty tissue is subject to a potential difference (i.e. V1-V2), sufficient to electro-cauterize the fatty tissue as it is being aspirated through theaspiration aperture306. As shown inFIG. 19, the same or modifiedelectrical contact plate358 ofFIG. 18A can be embedded within thenotch309 formed in thebase portion307 of thecannula assembly305′. As shown, the base portion of the electricallyconductive post354 is maintained in electrical contact with the electro-cauterizingelectrode380 by anelectrical wire354, embedded within the outer surface of the electricallynon-conductive lumen350′, and electrically connected thereto so as to maintain these structures at the same electrical potential.
• As shown inFIG. 16 when eithercannula assembly305 or305′ is properly loaded within the hand-supportable housing302 of the liposuction instrument of the present invention, the electrically-conductive actuator312 engages with theelectrical contact plate358 innotch309 of the cannula base portion. In order to maintain the electro-cauterizing electrode(s) provided along the distal portion of the cannula assembly (305 or305′),electrical contact plate358, to which the electro-cauterizing electrodes are connected, must be electrically connected to the output lead of aunipolar cautery unit360 which generates a radio-frequency (RF) power signal maintained at voltage potential V1, referenced to electrical ground, V2, which is zero volts. This electrical connection between thecautery unit360 and embeddedelectrical contact358 in the base portion of the cannula assembly (305 or305′) can be established usinginternal wiring361 which extends from electrically-conductivespring support plate327 andpower jack362 mounted within the wall of the housing. Such internal electrical wiring can be embedded within the walls of hand-supportable housing302 or otherwise routed within the same. Notably, theactuator312,spring326 andspring support plate327 are each made from an electrically conductive material so as to each be maintained at substantially the same electrical potential.
• As shown inFIG. 16, a flexible shielded-type power cable363 is used to electrically connect thepower jack362 on the liposuction instrument to the output power lead of the electro-cauterypower supply unit360. By way of this arrangement, the electro-cauterizingelectrode356 in the cannula assembly (305 or305′) is maintained at a relatively high electrical voltage V1, while the tissue of the patient to be aspirated is maintained at a substantially lower voltage V2 by virtue of indifferent/defuse electrodes attached to the patient during a liposuction procedure conducted in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the hand-supportable housing may not be provided with a hingedly connected cover panel, as shown inFIG. 17, but rather the base portion of the cannula can be adapted to slide into thecannula cavity313 and snap-fit into theactuator312 which may be realized using a spring-loaded ball or like structure, as taught in Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 5,112,302, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In other embodiments, the base portion of the cannula assembly and the actuator associated with the reciprocation mechanism may be realized in virtually any manner than enables slidable movement of the cannula relative to the hand-supportable housing, and supply of the electrical voltage V1 to the electro-cauterizing electrode associated with the cannula, regardless of whether the electro-cauterizing electrode is realized using the methods illustrated inFIGS. 16,18 and19, or by any other means.
• In general, a gas, air or electrically driven motor(s) can be used to realize thereciprocation mechanism304 of present invention and thus effectuate reciprocation ofcannula303 withincannula cavity313. In the embodiments illustrated inFIGS. 15 through 19, a gas driven piston-type motor is employed, although it is understood, that other type of motor, including rotary and linear motors alike, can be used to therealize reciprocation mechanism304 of the liposuction instrument of the present invention.
• As illustrated inFIG. 16, a piston-type motor304 is mounted within amotor cavity316 providedadjacent cannula cavity313 ofhousing302. In general,motor304 comprises achamber housing317 having agas inlet port318 and an inner chamber generally indicated byreference numeral319. Slidably received within the inner chamber ofhousing317 is amovable piston320 having formed in itslowermost wall321, one or moregas outlet ports322. Mounted to the top portion ofmovable piston320 is actuation element323, which projects through a longitudinally disposedslot324 formed in thebearing wall314 ofcannula cavity313.Projection312 of actuation element323 through theslot324, is received withinnotch309 formed incannula base307 and operably associates cannula303 withmotor304.
• As illustrated inFIG. 16,chamber housing317 is fixedly disposed withinmotor cavity316.Motor cavity316 is also provided with at least oneport325 for ventilating to the ambient environment, gas released frommovable piston320 upon reaching it maximum displacement or excursion.Movable piston320 is biased in the direction ofchamber housing317 by way of aspring biasing element326. The compliance ofspring biasing element326 can be adjusted by moving the position ofslidable wall327 by rotating, for example, threadedelement328 passing through aportion329 of thehousing302, as shown. With this arrangement, adjustment ofwall327, closer to or farther fromchamber housing317, results in decreasing or increasing, respectively, the compliance of spring biasing means326. This, in turn, provides a simple, yet reliable way in which to control the rate of reciprocation ofmovable piston320, and thus the rate of reciprocation ofcannula303 relative tohousing302.
• The manner of operation of piston-type motor304 is described as follow. Gas, such as pressurized air of N₂gas, is introduced under constant pressure toinlet port318 ofchamber housing317. As the gas fills up the volume enclosed by the interior walls of the movable piston and the chamber,inner chamber319 begins to expand, forcingmovable piston320 upwardly against the biasing force ofspring biasing element326. Whenmovable piston320 is displaced sufficiently enough fromchamber housing317 so that gas within expandingchamber319 can be released throughgas exit port325 to the ambient atmosphere, andpiston320 will be forced back downwardly intochamber housing317 at a rate inversely proportional to the compliance ofspring biasing element326. Subsequently,chamber319 will again fill up with gas,piston320 will again be displaced and gas subsequently vented, whereupon reciprocating displacement ofpiston320 will be repeated again in a cyclical manner. Sincemovable piston320 is operably connected withcannula base307 by way of actuation element323, this reciprocating movement ofpiston320 results in reciprocating movement ofcannula303 withincannula cavity313.
• As illustrated inFIG. 16, the amount of excursion that the piston is permitted to undergo before gas venting and subsequent downward piston movement occurs, is determined by the distance “d” definedgas output port322 andtop wall surface330 ofchamber housing317. Typically, a cannula excursion distance of three inches, for example, will necessitate that the parameter d, defined above, also be about three inches.
• To use theliposuction device301 of the illustrative embodiment described above with eithercannula assembly305 or305′, the surgeon inserts either the cannula assembly shown inFIG. 18 or19 into the cannula cavity of the hand-supportable housing302 so that theactuator312, or other embodiment thereof, engages within thenotch309 or like structure within the base portion of the cannula assembly, and secures the cannula assembly within the hand-supportable housing, as shown, for example inFIG. 16. An indifferent/defuseelectrode382 is applied to the skin of the patient in a conventional manner, and the indifferent/diffuse electrode is then connected to the V₂terminal of the electro-cauterypower supply unit360. The surgeon then activates the air power supply to the instrument, as well as the electro-cauterypower supply unit360. Then, while holding the housing within the grasp of the surgeon's hand, the surgeon performs a liposuction procedure in a normal manner. During the procedure, the instrument effectuates periodic displacement of the general location of aspiration along the distal end of the cannula assembly, through the reciprocating movement of cannula while permitting electro-cauterization of aspirated tissue during operation of the liposuction device.
• When performing a liposuction procedure using the cannula assembly shown inFIG. 18, the tissue of the patient to be aspirated through theaspiration aperture356 is maintained at electrical ground potential by way the indifferent/diffuseelectrode382. At the same time, the electro-cauterizingelectrode356 is maintained in electrical contact with the active output terminal of the unipolarcautery power unit360 by virtue of the electrical pathway established therebetween and described in detail above. It is understood, however, that there are a variety of different electrical paths that may be established to maintain the electro-cauterizing electrode(s)356 in electrical contact with the output power terminal of the unipolarcautery power unit360. Thus, during a liposuction procedure, the sample of tissue about to be aspirated through the aspiration aperture is maintained at a difference in electrical potential (i.e. at a voltage) equal to the electrical potential of the active output power terminal V₂, referenced to zero volts ground potential V₁. In practice, this voltage is sufficient to electro-cauterize tissue during aspiration to prevent hemorrhaging and the like to the patient, thereby improving the safety of the procedure.
• The above-described mono-polar electro-cauterizing liposuction instrument can be modified in many ways. For example, the form factor of the hand-supportable housing may be realized in the form of the other hand-supportable housing shown herein. Also, the means and way by which the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly physically and electrically connects to the actuator and thus the reciprocation mechanism within the hand-supportable housing may vary from embodiment to embodiment of the present invention.
• In the illustrative embodiments of the present invention described above, the powered liposuction instrument employed either a pneumatically-powered or an electrically powered reciprocation mechanism to drive the actuator engaging the inner cannula structure of the instrument. In case of the illustrative embodiments of the pneumatically-powered liposuction instruments described above, control over pressurized air flow streams, used to drive the motion of the actuator during instrument operation, is carried out onboard of the hand-supportable liposuction instrument. In alternative embodiments like the ones shown inFIGS. 20A through 38B, and described in detail hereinafter, control over pressurized air-flow streams used to drive the liposuction instrument is carried out external to the hand-supportable instrument, preferably within an external instrument control unit (i.e. instrument controller) having a control console that support various instrument control and display functions.
• Air-Powered Liposuction Instrument System Having an Intelligent Instrument Controller with an Electronically-Controlled Air-Flow Control Valve Assembly and RF Power Signal Input/Output Port
• Referring toFIGS. 20A through 34, another illustrative embodiment of a pneumatically-powered (i.e., air-powered) liposuction instrument system of thepresent invention400 will be described in detail. As shown inFIG. 20A, the air-powered liposuction system comprises: a pneumatically-powered liposuction instrument401; an intelligent instrument controller402 provided with an electronically-controlled air-flow control valve assembly403 and an RF power signal input/output port404; an external pressurized air supply source (i.e. generator)405 for supplying a pressurized air flow stream to the electronically-controlled air-flow control valve assembly403, and from which a pair of pressurized electronically-controlled air flow streams406A and406B are generated within the instrument controller402 and supplied to a dual-port air cylinder (i.e. reciprocation mechanism)407 within the hand-supportable liposuction instrument401 by way of a dual air-flow tubing structure408 (connected between the instrument and the controller) so as to drive the actuator409 within the instrument and thus reciprocate the inner cannula structure410 employed therein during power-assisted liposuction operations; an electrical wiring cable411 connected between the instrument401 and the instrument controller402, to support the communication of low-voltage electrical control and monitoring signals between the instrument401 and the controller402; and a RF power signal source (i.e. generator)412, connected to the RF power input signal port404 on the instrument controller by way of a short length of RF power signal cable413, for generating and supplying a RF power signal (of suitable frequency and power characteristics) to the instrument controller402 for electronically-controlled delivery of the generated RF power signal, from RF output port422, to the hand-supportable liposuction instrument401 by way of a longer-length flexible RF power signal cable structure413 connected between the RF power output port404 on the instrument controller402 and the RF power signal input port404 on the hand-supportable liposuction instrument401. During operation of this powered liposuction instrument system, the inner and outer cannulas of the powered liposuction instrument are automatically reciprocated in response to a pair of electronically controlled pressurized air flow streams generated within the instrument controller and supplied to the opposite ends of the dual-portpressurized air cylinder407 within the instrument, to thereby cause the actuator and this inner cannula within the instrument to reciprocate at a stroke length and rate manually selected by the surgeon manipulating reciprocation stroke length and rate control switches415 and416 mounted on the instrument housing.
• As shown inFIGS. 27C and 30, the pair of electronically controlled pressurized air flow streams406A and406B are used to power the reciprocation mechanism within the liposuction instrument. These pressurized air-flow streams are produced within theinstrument controller402 by (i) automatically generating digital control signals OP(8) through OP(11) from a programmedmicroprocessor417 aboard theinstrument controller402 running the control programs illustrated inFIGS. 31A through 33C, and (ii) supplying these digital control signals OP(8) through OP(11) to the electronically-controlled airflow valve assembly403 shown inFIG. 30, mounted aboard the instrument controller. Also, bipolar RF power signals418 are (i) generated from external RFpower signal generator412, (ii) controllably switched through theintelligent instrument controller402, and (iii) ultimately supplied to the bipolar terminals of the electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly of theinstrument system420. During instrument operation, these bipolar RF power signals are produced aboard the instrument controller by (i) generating digital control signal DAC(0) and (ii) supplying this digital control signal to asolenoid relay421 aboard the instrument controller. When thesolenoid relay421 is switched, it commutes the RF power signal supplied to RF powersignal input port404 to the RF powersignal output port421, and is thus supplied to the electro-cautery cannula assembly by way of flexible RF powersignal cable construction413, as shown inFIG. 20A.
• As shown inFIG. 20D, the rear end of the poweredliposuction instrument housing423 supports a number of connectors (ports), namely: a pressurized dual air-power supply-line connector424, for connecting one end of the dual air-flow tubing structure425 to the instrument, while the other end thereof is connected to a matching connector mounted on the rear panel of the instrument controller; an electricalcontrol signal connector426 for connecting one end of electricalcontrol signal cable411 to the instrument, while the other end thereof is connected to a matching connector mounted on the rear panel of the instrument controller; an RFpower signal connector427 for connecting one end of the flexible RFpower signal cable413 to the instrument, while the other end thereof is connected to a matching connector mounted on the rear panel of theinstrument controller402; and a tissue-aspiratingtubing port428, in communication with acylindrical recess429 extending along the central longitudinal axis of theinstrument housing423, for permitting theflexible aspiration tubing430, connected to a barbedtube receiving structure431 formed on the base portion of the inner cannula, to freely slide along the cylindrical recess during cannula reciprocation operations.
• FIGS. 21A and 21B show cross-sectional view of the hand-supportable liposuction instrument, and the various subcomponents contained therein comprising the same. Notably, the dual-port air-cylinder structure407 used to realize the cannula reciprocation mechanism is operably coupled to the base portion of theinner cannula410 by way of anactuator409 having acarriage assembly423. As shown inFIGS. 23A and 23B,actuator409 is provided with afirst recess433 for receiving thebase portion434 of the inner cannula in a snap-fit manner, and also asecond recess435 for receiving theslidable electrode436 associated with the actuator position sensing device437 (i.e. slidable potentiometer) also in a snap-fit manner.
• In this illustrative embodiment, the cannula reciprocation stroke length control switch (i.e. rotatable potentiometer)415 is manipulated by a knob or likestructure415′ located on the top surface of the instrument, whereas the cannula reciprocationrate control mechanism416 is realized within the spring-biased hingedhousing cover panel439. These reciprocation mechanism controls will be described in greater detail hereinbelow.
• As illustrated inFIG. 21C, the spring-biased hingeddoor panel439 is shown arranged in its open configuration so as to permit access to and connection and/or disconnection of theflexible aspiration tubing430 on the end of the inner cannula (not shown). During typical liposuction and other types of tissue aspiration operations carried out using the liposuction instrument of the present invention, it is expected that the surgeon will need to often change cannulas to perform different types of body sculpturing or contouring operations. To change cannulas, the surgeon will simply slidelever432 to open the spring-biaseddoor cover439 and access the base portion of the inner cannula to either connect or disconnect a length offlexible aspiration tubing430, as the case may be. Thereafter, the surgeon simply snap shuts the hingeddoor cover439 and resumes instrument operation.
• As shown inFIGS. 20B and 20C, the length theinner cannula410 which is permitted to undergo during cannula reciprocation operations (i.e. termed cannula stroke length) is controlled by the surgeon during instrument operation by simply rotating the cannula reciprocationstroke control switch415 with the surgeon's thumb, whereas the rate of cannula reciprocation is controlled by the surgeon depressing the spring-biased cannula reciprocationrate control switch416 operated by the surgeon squeezing the spring-biased hingedcover panel439 of the instrument housing.
• As shown in FIGS.28A1 and28A2, the cannula reciprocation stroke length switch (i.e., rotatable potentiometer415) produces a control voltage which is transmitted to the programmedmicroprocessor417 within the instrument controller by way of the electricalcontrol signal cable411. As shown in FIGS.28A1 and28A2, the cannula reciprocation rate control switch416 (i.e., realized using flexible potentiometer440) produces a control voltage (upon physical bending or deformation) which is transmitted to the programmedmicroprocessor417, also by way of electricalcontrol signal cable411. Theflexible potentiometer440 used to implement the cannula reciprocationrate control switch416 can be realized using a variable resistor such as a plastic conductor whose resistance varies upon bending, made by Spectra Symbols, Inc. InFIG. 21F, this flexible potentiometer is shown unflexed (i.e. deformed) with the hinged spring-biaseddoor panel439 shown arranged in its closed configuration at its “zero” cannula rate control position. InFIG. 21G, theflexible potentiometer440 is shown unflexed (i.e. deformed) with the hinged spring-biaseddoor panel439 shown arranged in its closed configuration at its “maximum” cannula rate control position. As shown inFIG. 21E, a spring442 is used to bias the hingedcover door panel439. As shown inFIGS. 21F and 21G, this spring applies a biasing force against the hingedcover panel439 when the panel is arranged in its closed configuration andslidable switch432 is arranged in its door locked configuration.
• InFIGS. 22A and 22B, left and rightinstrument housing halves423A and423B are shown in a dissembled configuration with all components removed therefrom. Notably, each housing half has various recesses formed to securely receive particular subcomponents of the instrument and maintain the same in strict alignment upon instrument assembly and operation. Preferably, these housing halves are made from lightweight injected-molded plastic material that can be suitably autoclaved in a conventional manner.
• InFIG. 23A, the dual-port air-cylinder structure407 (e.g., realized as rodless Bimba UG-00704000-B cylinder) is shown arranged in association with its inner cannula actuatorposition sensing transducer437, while this assembly is removed entirely from the instrument housing. As shown inFIG. 23B, the base portion of the inner cannula is shown locked within thefirst recess434 formed in the carriage structure of theactuator409, whereas theslidable electrode433 of theactuator position sensor437 is adapted for snap-fit receipt in thesecond recess435 in theactuator carriage structure409. In the illustrative embodiment, the actuatorposition sensing transducer437 is realized as a slidable linear potentiometer (e.g. as Bourne 53AAA-C20-E13 linear potentiometer) mounted within the instrument housing, as shown inFIGS. 21A,21B and21D, with its slidable electrode (i.e. contact)433 received in the second recess of theactuator carriage435.
• In the illustrative embodiment, the air-cylinder basedreciprocation mechanism407 comprises a tube407A mounted within asupport407B, and having end air-ports407C,407D, and a slidable internally-arrangedwall407E that is magnetically coupled to anexternal block407F which is fastened to theactuator409 by a set of screws or like fastening mechanism. As thecylinder wall407E is pushed back and forth with tube407A, under the pressure of air flow streams406A,406B delivered to air-ports407C,407D by the electronically-controlled air-flow control valve403 within theinstrument controller402, the actuator reciprocates.
• InFIG. 23C, theelectrical subassembly445 employed in the poweredliposuction instrument401 is shown removed from its hand-supportable housing. As shown inFIG. 23C,electrical subassembly445 comprises an assemblage of subcomponents, namely: inner actuator position sensing transducer433 (removed from carriage structure of the cannula actuator); cannula reciprocation stroke control switch (i.e. potentiometer)415; cannula reciprocation rate control switch (i.e. flexible potentiometer)440;electrical connector446 mounted within the rear end of the instrument housing and connected to the electricalcontrol signal connector426 described above; and anelectrical wiring harness447 connecting the above electrical components into an electrical circuit specified in the schematic diagram shown inFIG. 30A.
• InFIGS. 25A through 26C, a bipolar electro-cauterizingdual cannula assembly420 is shown for use with the pneumatically-powered liposuction instrument shown inFIGS. 20A and 35A, and other liposuction instruments described through the present Patent Specification. As shown,dual cannula assembly420 comprises: stationaryouter cannula structure450 having one or more elongatedouter aspiration apertures451, with abase portion452 adapted to releasable connection to the front end portion of the hand-supportable instrument housing; and aninner cannula structure410, slidably received within the stationaryouter cannula450, having one or moreinner aspiration apertures453 in registration with theouter aspiration apertures452, and abase portion431 adapted for snap-fit receipt within thefirst recess433 of the carriage portion of theinner cannula actuator409, described in detail above. Theinner cannula410, detailed inFIGS. 26A through 26C, also has anoutlet port455 formed at its base portion, and is in communication with the inner and outer aspiration apertures for aspiration of tissue during instrument operation. The dual cannula assembly shown inFIGS. 24A through 24B also includes a pair of first and second electro-cauterizing electrodes456A,456B realized about the inner andouter aspiration apertures452 and451 in order to realize bipolar cauterizing electrodes in proximity with the reciprocating aspiration aperture of the dual cannula assembly, as described in detail hereinabove in connection with other illustrative embodiments disclosed herein. All of these teaching are incorporated herein by reference and applicable to the powered liposuction instrument systems shown inFIGS. 20A,35A,35B, and40A.
The Intelligent Instrument Controller of the Present Invention Having an Electronically-Controlled Air-Flow Control Valve Assembly Air-Supply Input/Output Ports and RF Power Signal Input/Output Ports
• As best shown inFIGS. 27A and 27B, theintelligent instrument controller402 shown inFIGS. 20A,27A,27B,27C, and35C comprises: an assembly of components, namely: ahousing430 of compact construction, supporting a pair of air-supply input/output ports405A and405B with suitable connectors, a pair of RF power signal input/output ports404A and404B with suitable connectors, an input/output electricalcontrol signal port406 with one or more suitable connectors, and a 24 Volt DC powerinput supply line465; a printed circuit (PC)board466 shown inFIG. 28B supporting the electrical circuits specified in the schematic diagram ofFIGS. 29A and 29B, including a programmed application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)467 functioning asdigital signal processor417 adapted to run various computer programs, including the three BASIC-language expressed computer control programs entitled RECIPROCATE, ANALOG and SCALE set forth inFIGS. 31A through 33C; an electronically servo-controlled air-flow control valve assembly403 specified inFIG. 30, and realized by mounting four digitally servo-controlled air valves (AFV1 through AFV4)403A,403B,403C and403D, respectively, within an air flow manifold structure403E having an air-flow input port403F (connected to input air-flow supply port on controller housing), a left air-flow output port403G (connected to the left end of the dual-port air cylinder407 in the liposuction instrument), a right air-flow output port403H (connected to the right end of the dual-port air cylinder407 in the liposuction instrument), a left air-flow exhaust port403I venting to the ambient atmosphere, and a right air-flow exhaust port403J venting to the ambient atmosphere, so as to control air-flow valves (AFV1 through AFV4) arranged along air-flow manifold403E; and an easy-to-read/operate user control console panel468 comprising (i) four membrane type switches469,470,471 and472 for selecting a desired cannula stroke length dimension (i.e. inches or centimeters) for measurement and display and for enabling and disabling electro-cautery function selection, (ii) six LED indicators473,474,475,476,477 and478 for indicating power ON/OFF function selection, cannula stroke length dimension selection, and electro-cautery enable/disable function selection, (iii) a pair of LCD-based display panels479 and480 for displaying bar graph indications of inner cannula reciprocation rate (in cycles/sec) and inner cannula position measured by the cannula position sensor mounted within the hand-supportable liposuction instrument, and (iv) a LCD-based panel481, connected to the serial data port of the digital signal processor417, for displaying measured numerical values for the instantaneous rate of reciprocation for the inner cannula and the instantaneous stroke length thereof.
• As shown inFIG. 27B, the bar graphs displayed onLCD panels479 and480 offer instantaneous display of the relative position of the inner cannula stroke length rate of inner cannula reciprocation at all times. TheLCD panel481 arranged within the central portion of theconsole panel468 offers a more precise digital readout of cannula reciprocation rate and cannula stroke length as well as alert conditions. Notably, cannula stroke length may be displayed in centimeter or inch units by selecting the correspondingmembrane switch469 or470, respectively.
• During system operation, theinstrument controller401 receives an input of pressurized gas (from any of theconvenient sources405 available in operating room settings such as tanked nitrogen gas) at input airflow input port403F, and generates a pair of pressurized air-flow streams406A and406B for supply to the left and right ends (407C,407D) of the dual-port cylinder407 employed in reciprocation mechanism of the instrument. These pressurized air-flow streams are generated under the control of digital control signals OP(8) through OP(11) produced byASIC480 functioning as a digital signal processor (DSP)417 and also analog-to-digital converter (ADC)482 and digital-to-analog converter (DAC)483. The DSP controls the four air-flow control valves403A through403D in a cyclical manner to instantaneously vary the cannula reciprocation rate and stroke length in response to the surgeon's adjustment of the cannula stroke control switch (i.e. spring-biased panel door) and reciprocation rate settings on the hand-supported instrument housing. The firmness with which theactuator409 ends each stroke is moderately cushioned by the default factory setting (by adjustingexternal potentiometer484 inFIG. 21A) but may be increased or decreased in response to surgeon's preference by trained manufacturer's representatives.
• FIGS.28A1 and28A2 present a hybrid electrical and mechanical schematic representation of the powered liposuction instrument system of the present invention. As shown, analog voltage input signals are generated from the stroke, position andrate potentiometers415,437 and440 aboard the powered liposuction instrument and supplied as analog input voltage signals to the A/D conversion circuit (ADC) of theASIC480 for processing. In response, theDSP417, running the control programs specified inFIGS. 31A through 33C, automatically generates: (i) digital voltage output control signals OP(8) through OP(11) which are then supplied as output voltage signals to the air-control valve assembly403 within theintelligent instrument controller402, so as to generate the pair of pressurized air-supply streams406A and406B that are supplied to theliposuction instrument401; and (ii) a digital control voltage output signal which is converted to an analog control voltage signal byDAC483, and then supplied to the control input port of the external RF signal source (i.e. generator)412. In turn,RF signal generator412 generates an RF power signal and supplies the same to the intelligent instrument controller for controlled delivery to the dual cannula assembly of the powered liposuction instrument via its RF power signal cable structure. The membrane switches469 and470 on the control console of the instrument controller enable the surgeon to display selected cannula stroke in centimeters or inches, respectively, onLCD panel481. Cannula reciprocation rate is automatically displayed onLCD panel479 in cycles per minute (CPM), alongside cannula stroke length (in centimeters or inches) displayed onLCD panel480. The membrane switches471 and472 on the control console enable the surgeon to enable and disable bipolar electro-cauterization, respectively.
• FIG. 28B sets forth a schematic layout of the components (e.g. ASIC480) used on the prototype printed circuit (PC)board466 within the intelligent instrument controller schematically described in FIGS.28A1 and28A2. The electrical components appearing on this board are shown in the schematic diagram set forth inFIGS. 29A and 29B.
• FIGS. 29A and 29B, taken together, set forth an electrical schematic diagram of the analog and digital circuitry realized on thesole PC board466 shown inFIG. 28 and mounted within the intelligent instrument controller.
• As shown inFIG. 30, the servo controlled air-flow valve assembly of the present invention enable the reliable control of three basic kinds of pressurized air-flow streams between theliposuction instrument401 and itsinstrument controller402, namely: (i) the flow of pressurized air from the central air-flow input port403F to either the left air-flow input/output port403G or right air-flow input/output port403H; (ii) the flow of pressurized air from the left air-flow input/output port403F to the left air-flow exhaust port403I; and (iii) the flow of pressurized air from the right air-flow input/output port403F to the right air-flow exhaust port403J. In general, control of the air-powered cannula reciprocation mechanism within the instrument is carried out by the programmedDSP417, in a manner independent of the electro-cauterizing functionality of the system.
• As shown inFIGS. 31A through 31D, the primary control program entitled RECIPROCATE is run on theDSP480 within the instrument controller. In the illustrative embodiment, this control program functions as the primary control thread calling programs ANALOG and SCALE, as second and third control threads running within the first control thread.
• As indicated at Block A inFIG. 31A, under the caption “Initialize”, the control program RECIPROCATE launches the subprogram ANALOG to readpotentiometer inputs415,437 and440 corresponding to the desired stroke, position, rate and cushion settings on the instrument, and then the program RECIPROCATE calls the subprogram SCALE to scale these variables. When either thestroke control knob415 is turned to zero, or thetrigger439 is released, the software program RECIPROCATE positions and locks theinner cannula410 in the forward position and turns the reciprocation “off” so that the inner cannula may be changed or removed from the hand-supportable housing. The program RECIPROCATE then reads the control console keypads469-472 and controls its LEDs473-478 to default settings. Then the program resides in its “attention state” until it is engaged into its “reciprocation state” by the surgeon moving the cannula stroke and rate controls415 or440 to non-zero positions.
• As indicated at the extended block of code indicated as Block B inFIGS. 31A-31C, under the caption “reciprocation”, the software RECIPROCATE checks to determine that both the cannula stroke and rate controls are moved to non-zero values by the surgeon/operator, and if so, then controls the LCD panels and LEDs accordingly, and then checks to determine if the electro-cautery option has been selected. If so, the RECIPROCATION program drives the electro-cautery solenoid relay421.
• As indicated at Block B1 inFIG. 31C, the RECIPROCATION program thereafter drives the inner cannula in its “backstroke” direction by generating the sequence of digital control signals OP(10,0), OP(11,1), OP(8,0), OP(9,1). As indicated at Block B2, the RECIPROCATION program sets a cushion-back control over the movement of the inner cannula in the backstroke direction (achieved by clamping the exhaust valve to slow down air exhaust and permit compression of air within the cylinder in the back-stroke direction).
• As indicated at Block B2, this cushion-back control is dependent upon a “test-stroke” routine, in which the RECIPROCATION program tests whether the inner cannula stroke control has been set by the surgeon/operator equal to or below a predetermined “short” stroke position. In the event that the stroke control value has been set equal to or below the predetermined short stroke position, then the RECIPROCATION program skips setting cushion-back control, and sets a timer, during which the inner cannula is permitted to travel to its predetermined backstroke position before being automatically driven in the return stroke direction to its forward home position, and such inner cannula reciprocation operations repeated in a cyclical manner. Then, secondly, the RECIPROCATION program checks to determine whether or not the inner cannula reaches its target stroke position, as specified by the cannula stroke control manually set by the surgeon. If the inner cannula reaches it target stroke position, then the RECIPROCATION program checks advances to the “return stroke” routine set forth at Block B3. If the timer lapses before the inner cannula reaches it target stroke position, then the RECIPROCATION program checks advances to the “return stroke” routine set forth at Block B3.
• As indicated at Block B3 inFIG. 31D, the return-stroke routine involves the RECIPROCATION program driving the inner cannula in its “return stroke” direction by generating the sequence of digital control signals OP(9,0), OP(8,1), OP(11,0), OP(10,1).
• As indicated at Block B4 inFIG. 31D, the RECIPROCATION program sets a cushion-front control over the movement of the inner cannula in the return-stroke direction (achieved by clamping the other exhaust valve to slow down air exhaust and permit compression of air within the cylinder in the return-stroke direction).
• At Block B4, this cushion-front control is dependent upon a “test-home” routine set forth at Block B5 inFIG. 31E. The RECIPROCATION program sets another predetermined time period and determines whether the inner cannula reaches the stroke position manually set by the surgeon/operator using the inner cannulastroke control switch415′ within the predetermined time period. Also, a check is set up at Block B6 inFIG. 31E to determine that control threads ANALOG and SCALE are running. In the event that the inner cannula reaches the stroke position manually set by the surgeon/operator within the predetermined time period, then the inner cannula is automatically driven in the back stroke direction, and such inner cannula reciprocation operations repeated in a cyclical manner. If the inner cannula does not reach it target stroke position during the predetermined time period, then the RECIPROCATION program repeats the reciprocation loop. Only in the event of catastrophic failure or operation does the RECIPROCATION program enter the “loop exit” routine where the cylinders are automatically vented and the control thread for ANALOG and SCALE subroutines.
• As shown at Block A1 inFIG. 32A, the ANALOG subprogram first initializes the “Global Variables” used by the subprogram. At Block A2, the ANALOG subprogram initializes the “Local Variables” used by the subprogram. Then at Block C, the analog program gets instrument feedback.
• At Block C inFIG. 32B, the subprogram ANALOG measures the range of the rate control switchflexible potentiometer440.
• At Block D inFIG. 32B, the subprogram ANALOG reads the cannula stroke and rate control switches415 and440 to confirm that the both controls are set to non-zero values. Then at Block E, the subprogram ANALOG reads the cannula position transducer (i.e. analog position encoder) and analyzes the sensed position value against the last position value so as to determine whether or not the inner cannula is moving or is stationary. At Block F, the subprogram ANALOG stores the present cannula position value in memory for use in comparison operations performed during the next control loop in the program RECIPROCATE. Then, at Block G, the subprogram ANALOG determines whether (i) both the cannula stroke and rate control values are non-zero, and (ii) the inner cannula is moving, and if these two conditions hold, then the variable VR(9) is set to 1; otherwise VR(9)=0.
• At Block H inFIG. 32B, the subprogram ANALOG determines whether the surgeon/operator has selected the electro-cautery option, by depressing the corresponding control pad on thecontrol console468, and if so, then sets the variable VR(10) to 1, and 0 if no electro-cautery is desired.
• Then at Block I inFIG. 32C, the subprogram ANALOG checks if electro-cautery has been selected, and if so then sets the enable electro-cautery variable VR(11) to 1, and to 0 if this option has not been selected. At Block J, the subprogram reads the control pads to determine if the stroke position has been changed to centimeters, and if so, then sets the variable VR(12) to 1, or to 0 if units should be in default units of measurement (i.e. inches).
• As shown at Block A inFIG. 33A, the SCALE subprogram first initializes the “Global Variables” used by the subprogram. Then, at Block A1, the SCALE subprogram initializes the “Local Variables” used by the subprogram. At Blocks B1 through B3 inFIG. 33B, the subprogram SCALE takes analog input voltages from the ANALOG subprogram and converts them into corresponding digital voltage values for use by the program ANALOG. At Block C inFIGS. 33B and 33C, the subprogram SCALE assigns instrument parameters such as rate-delay, stroke-length, and stroke-time to variables computed in accordance with formulas set forth in the SCALE subprogram. Notably, the constants C₁through C₈used in these formulas (set forth at Block B3) can be empirically determined in the laboratory without undue experimentation, and will be dependent on the technology used to implement the instruments and systems of the present invention. Blocks D, E and F inFIG. 33C are provided to ensure a reliable system design.
• InFIG. 34, a high-level flow chart of the electro-cautery control process of the present invention is shown. While this control process is embodied within the control process carried out by the programs RECIPROCATION, ANALOG and SCALE, described above, this control process is summarized in the flow chart ofFIG. 34.
• As indicated at Block A inFIG. 34, the control process determines that the electro-cautery option has been selected by the surgeon on the control console. If not, then the control thread advances to Block B where the cautery is disabled before returning to the top of the control thread (Start). If the electro-cautery option has been selected, then the control process advances to Block C where it determines that the cannula stroke and rate controls are non-zero. If not, then the control flow returns to Block B where electro-cautery is disabled. If the cannula stroke and rate controls are non-zero, then the control flow advances to Block D where it determines whether the inner cannula is moving, as determined by its motion sensing apparatus. If not, then the control process returns to Block B where electo-cautery is disabled. If the inner cannula is moving, then the control process advances to Block E where the electro-cautery is enabled before the control process returns to the beginning of the control loop. This process is repeated in a cyclical manner. In the event that the surgeon manually switches either the cannula stroke length or rate to zero value, or the cannula stops moving, then automatically the control process of the present invention will automatically disable the electro-cautery function of the power-assisted liposuction instrument of the present invention.
• In summary, the RECIPROCATION program drives the inner cannula back and forth within the hand-supportable instrument by generating “backstroke” and “return stroke” digital control signals which are supplied to the electronically-controlled multi-value air-flow assembly403. When being driven in the backstroke direction, the RECIPROCATION program automatically checks to determine whether or not the surgeon has manually selected a “short-stroke” value (determined against a predetermined reference), and if so, avoids setting up a cushioning control in the backstroke direction. When being driven in the return-stroke direction, the RECIPROCATION program automatically checks to determine whether or not the inner cannula has traveled, during the predetermined time period, to the cannula stroke position value set by the surgeon/operator, and if so, automatically generates the appropriate digital control signals for the return stroke operation. For electro-cautery option to be enabled, the RECIPROCATION program must detect non-zero values set for the cannula stroke-length and rate controls, as well as detect that the inner cannula is in fact moving within the stationary outer cannula. If one of these conditions is not satisfied, then automatically the instrument controller disables the electro-cautery function of the instrument system.
• Air-Powered Liposuction Instrument System Having a Multi-Core Cable Construction and an Intelligent Instrument Controller with an Electronically-Controlled Air-Flow Control Valve Assembly and RF Power Signal Input/Output Port
• InFIG. 35A, there is shown another illustrative embodiment of the powered liposuction instrument system of thepresent invention500, comprising: anintelligent instrument controller402′ as generally shown inFIGS. 27A through 34 and described above, and having amulti-core connector assembly501, as shown inFIGS. 36B through 36E, for connecting to the air supply lines, electrical control lines and RF power supply lines within theinstrument controller402′; a hand-supportable air-poweredliposuction instrument401′, as generally illustrated inFIGS. 20A through 20C and described above, and having an electro-cauterizing dual-cannula assembly420 as shown inFIGS. 24A through 26C, and amulti-core connector assembly501B as shown inFIGS. 36B through 36E for connecting to the air supply lines, electrical control lines and RF power supply lines within the hand-supportable instrument401′; and a flexiblemulti-core cable construction502 shown inFIGS. 36A through 36H, including first and second multi-core connector plugs503A,503B,multi-core cable504, rubber shroud covers505, assembled for interconnectingmulti-core connector assemblies501A and501B and thus establishing communication between the corresponding the air-supply lines, the electrical control lines and the RF-power supply lines within theinstrument401′ and itssystem controller402′.
• As shown inFIG. 36B, eachmulti-core connector assembly501A,501B comprises: aplastic housing506 having a cylindrical mountingportion507 designed to be received within a mated portion of the hand-supportable housing ofinstrument401′, or theinstrument system controller402′, as the case may be, and also acylindrical recess508 for receiving the cylindrical end portion of a quick-connectmulti-core plug503, as shown; apin connector509 mounted within the housing for connecting to the electrical control lines and RF power supply lines within the hand-supportable instrument (or the instrument controller as the case may be), and also for receiving the electrical control and RF power supply pins on the quick-connectmulti-core plug503; a pair of air-flow ports510A,510B mounted within the housing for connecting to the pair of air flow tubes within the instrument connected to the ends of the air cylinder supported therein (or within the instrument controller connected to the digitally-controlled multi-port valve assembly), and also for receiving the air-flow ports on the quick-connectmulti-core plug503 mated thereto; and a spring-loadedconnector release button511 mounted within thehousing506, for releasably engaging the mated quick-connect and release of themulti-core plug503.FIG. 36C shows themulti-core connector assembly501 from different perspectives.FIG. 36D shows the cylindrical mountingportion507 of the housing of themulti-core connector assembly501.FIG. 36E shows thecylindrical recess508 of the housing of themulti-core connector assembly504.
The Multi-Core Cable Construction of the Present Invention
• As shown inFIG. 36A, the multi-core cable construction of thepresent invention502 comprises: a pair of quick-connectmulti-core plugs503 and503 adapted to receive the three (3) different ports formed within themulti-core connector assembly501A,501B installed within theinstrument401′ andinstrument controller402′ (as the case may be); and flexible length ofmulti-core cable504 carrying electrical control wires, RF power wires and air-supply lines connected to the respective ports of the quick-connectmulti-core plugs503A and503B.
• As shown inFIG. 36F, each quick-connectmulti-core plug503 comprises: aplastic housing513 having thecylindrical end portion514 designed for insertion within thecylindrical recess508 of themulti-port connector assembly501; apin connector515 mounted within the housing for connecting to thepin connector509 mounted within themulti-port connector assembly501; a pair of air-flow port connectors516A an516B mounted within theconnector housing513 for connecting to the pair ofair flow ports516A,516B; acylindrical portion518 supporting pin connector within the housing for connecting to the electrical control and RF power wires associated with themulti-core cable construction504, and air-flow port connectors516A,516B for receiving the terminal portions of air tubing sections associated with themulti-core cable construction504; andplastic shroud cover505 for covering the interface of the multi-core plug andmulti-core cable construction502, to seal off these connection interfaces from dirt, and other forms of debris.
• Theintelligent instrument controller402′ shown inFIGS. 37A and 37B is essentially the same as thesystem controller402 shown inFIGS. 27A and 27B, except that amulti-core connector assembly501 is mounted within the rear portion of the controller housing to provide connections to pressurized air-flow supplies, electrical control signaling and RF power supply signaling.
• FIGS. 38A through 38C show a schematic diagram illustrating the connections between the components of the powered liposuction system shown inFIGS. 35A and 35B. Analog input voltages are indicated by AIN( ), whereas digital input signals (from the control console) are indicated by IN( ), and digital output signals are indicated by OP( ). The wiring connections from within the hand-supportable instrument to themulti-core connector assembly501 are indicated inFIGS. 38A through 38C.
• As illustrated inFIGS. 38A through 38C,instrument system500 theintelligent instrument controller402′ further includes a second A/D converter520 and asecond DSP521 which enables the system to measure and analyze the inner cannula stroke position and rate and, on a real-time basis, generate control signals which are used to control the RFpower signal source522, either realized within the instrument controller or external thereto, as described above. These RF control signals can be used to control the frequency, temporal and/or power characteristic of the RF power signal used to drive the electro-cauterizing cannula assembly employed by the instrument. In the event the RF power module is to be provided internal to the controller, proper RF shielding measures should be undertaken in a manner known in the art.
Alternative Embodiments of the Power-Assisted Tissue Removal Instrument System of the Present Invention
• FIG. 39 shows an alternative embodiment of the air-powered liposuction instrument ofFIGS. 35A through 35C, wherein the hand-supportable housing is designed to permit theaspiration tubing430 to exit out of aport530 formed along the side of the housing, towards its rear end. While there appear to be few, if any, advantages to this design over the preferred designs disclosed herein, it is believed that some surgeons may prefer that the aspiration tubing exits from the side of the instrument housing, rather from the rear end along the longitudinal axis of the instrument. In all other respects, this instrument system would be similar to that shown inFIGS. 35A through 35C and this incorporates the features thereof.
• InFIGS. 40A and 40B, there is shown an alternative embodiment of the air-powered liposuction instrument of the present invention600, wherein a curved electro-cauterizingdual cannula assembly420′ is employed. As shown, the curvedouter cannula450 is rigid while theinner cannula410′ is made from a flexible material such as flexible resilient medical grade plastic material or the like.FIG. 40B shows how the inner cannula flexibly adapts to the rigid curved geometry of the outer cannula structure. In all other respects, this electro-cauterizing tissue-aspiration instrument system is similar to the system disclosed inFIGS. 35A through 35C and embodies all of the same features. The alternative cannula design is expected to have advantages when used to aspirate tissue from within various cavities of the human body.
• InFIGS. 41A and 41B, there is shown an alternative bipolar-type electro-cauterizing dual cannula assembly for use with the powered liposuction instruments of the present invention. As shown, thiscannula assembly420″ comprises: an electrically conductive (e.g. metal)outer cannula450″ for releasably mounting within the hand-supportable housing of a powered liposuction instrument; and a molded or extruded plasticinner cannula410″ for slidable support with the outer cannula and reciprocation by theactuator409. In this embodiment shown inFIGS. 41A and 41B, the plastic (non-conductive)inner cannula410″ has a fine electrically conductive wire560 molded within the walls thereof which terminate in an electricallyconductive ring561 about the aspiration aperture of the inner cannula. The purpose of this structure is to conduct RF power signals from the base portion of the plastic inner cannula to the electrically-conductive ring during powered liposuction and other tissue aspiration operations. In this dual cannula assembly, the outer cannula could be made from electrically-conductive material.
• InFIG. 42, there is shown an alternative electro-cauterizingdual cannula assembly570 for use in the powered liposuction instruments of the present invention. In this alternative embodiment, a stream ofirrigation fluid571 is pumped from the base portion of theouter cannula572 to the distal portion thereof, along a micro-sized fluid conduit formed along the surface walls of the outer cannula, and is released into the interior distal portion of the outer cannula through asmall opening572 formed therein, for infiltration and irrigation of tissue during aspiration in order to facilitate pump action. This cannula design will be useful in tissue-aspiration applications in which irrigation fluid is required or desired.
• InFIG. 43A, there is shown another alternative design for an electro-cauterizing powered liposuction instrument of the present invention, indicated byreference numeral700. In this illustrative embodiment, theinner cannula410′ is loaded through an innercannula loading port701 provided at the rear of the instrument housing, and thereafter is snap-fitted into position withinrecess702 in thecarriage portion703 of the air-poweredactuator structure704 installed therein. During such inner cannula loading operations, theouter cannula420 should be first connected to the front portion of the hand-supportable housing, and then theactuator structure704 retracted to the rear portion of the hand-supportable housing. Then, the distal portion of theinner cannula410′ would be inserted first through thecannula loading port701, and then itsbase portion705 snap-fitted withinrecess703 in theactuator carriage703. Thereafter, a length of aspirating tubing can be connected to thebarbed end706 of thecannula base portion705 by a push-inwardly type of action. Alternatively, the aspirating tube can be first connected to the base portion of the inner cannula, and then the inner cannula/tubing subassembly loaded into the inner cannula loading port of the instrument. An advantage offered by this rear-loading instrument design700 is that it is possible to eliminate the need to open the hinged door panel each and every time the surgeon desires to change cannulas during surgical operations, and possibly even eliminate the hinged door panel entirely, in particular instrument designs.
• Notably, the electronically-controlled air-powered cannula reciprocation subsystem, intelligent instrument controller, and multilayer cable subsystem disclosed in connection with the illustrative embodiment ofFIGS. 20A through 40B, can also be used in single cannula designs as taught inFIGS. 15-19, incorporated herein by reference.
• While the particular embodiments shown and described above have proven to be useful in many applications in the liposuction art, further modifications of the present invention disclosed herein will occur to persons skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains. All such modifications are deemed to be within the scope and spirit of the present invention defined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1-28. (canceled)

29: A multi-core connector system for interfacing first and second subsystems, comprising:

a first multi-port connector provided on a first subsystem, and supporting a first set of air-power supply-line connectors and electrical control signal connectors;

a second multi-port connector provided on a second subsystem, and supporting a second set of air-power supply-line connectors and electrical control signal connectors; and

a first multi-port connector plug adapted for connection to said first multi-port connector;

a second multi-port connector plug adapted for connection to said second multi-port connector;

a multi-core cable structure for interconnecting said first and second multi-port connector plugs, and including a plurality of air-supply tubes and a plurality of electrical control signal wires encased within a flexible casing;

wherein when said first multi-port connector plug is connected to said first multi-port connector and said second multi-port connector plug is connected to said second multi-port connector, then said first set of air-power supply-line connectors are operably connected to said second set of air-power supply-line connectors by way of said pair of air-supply tubes, and also said first set of electrical control signal connectors are electrically connected to said second set of electrical control signal connectors by way of said set of electrical control signal wires.

30: The multi-core connector system ofclaim 29, wherein said first subsystem is an aspiration instrument, and said second subsystem is an instrument controller for said aspiration instrument.

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