US20090034663A1

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Publication number: US20090034663A1
Application number: US12/144,108
Authority: US
Inventors: William L. Betts
Original assignee: Paradyne Corp
Current assignee: Paradyne Corp
Priority date: 1999-12-15
Filing date: 2008-06-23
Publication date: 2009-02-05
Also published as: US7088781B2; US20060269010A1; US20010031011A1; US7418048B2

Abstract

A tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver system and method, including a tone ordered interleaver and deinterleaver, are provided for efficiently communicating data despite noise affecting a Discrete Multitone modulation (DMT) system. The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver forces interleaving of trellis encoded information by assigning a different number of bits to adjacent tones or adjacent tone pairs.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending application entitled “Tone Ordered Discrete Multitone Interleaver,” having Ser. No. 11/496,353, filed on Jul. 31, 2006, which is a continuation of U.S. utility application entitled “Tone Ordered Discrete Multitone Interleaver,” having Ser. No. 09/766,255, filed on Jan. 17, 2001 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,088,781), which is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. utility application entitled “Discrete Multitone Interleaver,” having Ser. No. 09/736,353, filed Dec. 14, 2000 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,099,401). U.S. utility application Ser. No. 09/736,353 claims priority to U.S. provisional application entitled, “Discrete Multi-Tone Trellis Interleaver,” having Ser. No. 60/170,891, filed Dec. 15, 1999. U.S. utility application Ser. No. 09/766,255, U.S. utility application Ser. No. 09/736,353, and U.S. provisional application No. 60/170,891 are entirely incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to communications and modems, and more particularly to a tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver system and method for efficiently minimizing noise distortion and enhancing data transmission communications.

BACKGROUND

Communications devices, particularly those that implement digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies (e.g., T1 and xDSL, including SDSL, HDSL, ADSL, etc.), transmit high speed data using analog signals over telephone connections, which are typically copper wire pairs. The connections and equipment are subject to adverse impulse noise. Impulse noise events are likely correlated over several symbol (or baud) periods of the DSL modulation. Correlated noise or distortion undesirably will significantly degrade performance of the decoder associated with a receiver.

In order to minimize the adverse affects of noise, various forward error correction coding techniques (also known as convolutional coding) have been developed and employed in the past. Typically, in forward error correction coding, at the transmitter, data bits are encoded by adding redundant bits systematically to the data bits so that, normally, only predetermined transitions from one sequential group of bits (corresponding to a symbol, or baud) to another are allowed. There is an inherent correlation between these redundant bits over consecutive bauds. At the receiver, each baud is tentatively decoded and then analyzed based on past history, and the decoded bits are corrected, if necessary.

One well known and widely accepted error coding technique is trellis coded modulation (TCM), which is a form of convolutional coding that is optimized according to a specific modulation scheme. A TCM encoder is situated at the transmitter, and a TCM decoder is situated at the receiver. TCM is highly desirable since it combines the operations of modulation and error coding to provide effective error control coding without sacrificing power and bandwidth efficiency. The TCM decoder essentially averages the noise over more than one of the symbols. However, noise that is correlated over the constraint length of the trellis code will effectively degrade performance. In many cases, correlated noise causes the trellis decoder to perform worse than if the receiver employed no trellis coding at all.

As examples, U.S. Pat. No. 5,659,578 to Alamouti et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,677,625 to Betts et al. describe the concept of TCM. The latter describes a distributed trellis encoder that can be used to spread symbols associated with a data stream over time across successive symbol (baud) periods. This distributed encoder significantly improves performance by making the transmissions less susceptible to errors resulting from imposition of correlated noise. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,659,578 and 4,677,625 are entirely incorporated herein by reference.

The various DSL technologies employ a variety of line coding, e.g. 2 Binary, 1 Quaternary (2B1Q), Quadrature Amplitude and Phase modulation (QAM), Carrierless Amplitude and Phase (CAP) modulation, and Discrete Multitone (DMT). DMT is now the standard line coding for Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) as specified in international standards published by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) as Recommendations G.992.1 Series G: Transmission Systems and Media, Digital Systems and Networks, Digital Transmission Systems—Access Networks ADSL Transceivers, and G.992.2 Splitterless ADSL transceivers. G.992.1 and G.992.2 are available from the ITU, Geneva, Switzerland, at http://www.itu.int and are entirely incorporated herein by reference.

DMT is a Frequency Division Multiplex (FDM) type of modulation in which an incoming bit stream is multiplexed into a number of sub-carriers or sub-channels. DMT as used in ADSL enables a digital subscriber technology capable of delivering high-speed digital information over existing unshielded twisted pair copper telephone lines

DMT encodes data on multiple sub-carriers, referred to as tones, that are then converted to time domain signals for transmission by an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT). An additional level of line coding, e.g. QAM, can be employed within each of the tones. A DMT trellis encoder generally codes between adjacent tones. DMT uses a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to demodulate the tones.

The DMT 16-state trellis code constraint length is approximately four 4-dimensional symbols. Four-dimensional symbols are encoded as two 2-dimensional constellations on two tones. Four 4-dimensional symbols are thus encoded over eight tones. DMT suffers from performance limitations including sinx/x coupling of energy between adjacent tones. DMT convolutional encoders operate “serially” on mapped constellations such that consecutively generated constellations are mapped to adjacent tones. (Sin x)/x coupling allows noise on one tone to affect adjacent tones. Correlated noise on adjacent tones, particularly that within the DMT code constraint length, contributes to multiple metric calculations in the trellis decoder. Correlated noise in consecutive metric calculations causes negative gain and can result in a worse performance than if no coding was employed.

DSL technologies are still in a state of infancy and are being improved over time by engineers and designers. The industry still needs ways to further enhance DSL communications and, in particular, ways to minimize the adverse effects of impulse noise and correlated noise. Thus, a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry to address the aforementioned deficiencies and inadequacies.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides a system for a tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver and a method for tone ordered interleaving across DMT tones. Several embodiments of tone ordered discrete multitone interleaving are described below.

The tone ordered discrete multitone trellis interleaver spreads trellis symbols across several carrier tones such that the metrics in the receiver are not correlated. The depth of the interleaver will determine the number of tones used to spread the symbol. Noise impacting adjacent tones will not appear in the metric calculations until a number of trellis symbols later, the number being equal to the depth of the interleaver. In effect, the tone ordered discrete multitone trellis interleaver causes the symbols to skip over correlated noise.

Briefly described, in architecture, the system can be implemented in a transmitter and a receiver as follows. In the transmitter the tone ordered discrete multitoned interleaver includes a tone ordering element capable of assigning bits to a plurality of tones, and a bit and gain table, capable of designating that within a portion of the plurality of tones, a variable plurality of bits is assigned to each of the plurality of tones, and wherein the variable plurality of bits assigned to each of the plurality of tones is different from the variable plurality of bits assigned to each adjacent tone. Several non-exclusive ways to determine the variable plurality of bits to be assigned to the tomes are provided. The tone ordered discrete multitone deinterleaver receiver includes a bit ordering element that performs a complementary re-ordering of the data coded by the transmitter.

The present invention can also be viewed as providing a method for transmitting tone ordered discrete multitoned interleaved data. In this regard, the method of transmitting data can be broadly summarized by the steps of: receiving bits and relative gain information designating a variable plurality of bits to be assigned to each of a plurality of tones, wherein the variable plurality of bits to be assigned to each of the plurality of tones is different from the variable plurality of bits to be assigned to each adjacent tone; and assigning bits to the plurality of tones based on the bits and relative gain information. The method of receiving data involves the step of reordering the data encoded by the tone ordered discrete multitoned interleaver.

In addition to other advantages described above, the tone ordered discrete multitone trellis interleaver provides improved coding gain. The tone ordered discrete multitone trellis interleaver provides these advantages without an increase in delay since the interleaving occurs between tones rather than between symbols in time.

Other systems, methods, features, and advantages of the present invention will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ADSL transceiver system including an ADSL remote transceiver and an ADSL central transceiver.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an ADSL DMT transmitter that resides in the ADSL remote transceiver and the ADSL central transceiver ofFIG. 1. The ADSL DMT transmitter includes a tone ordering element.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing an exemplar non-interleaving assignment of bits to tones as might be made by the tone ordering element. The non-interleaving assignment of bits to tones shows an assignment as might be made when the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver is optionally disabled or as might be made in the prior art.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing an exemplar interleaving assignment of bits to tones using the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an ADSL DMT receiver that resides in the ADSL remote transceiver and the ADSL central transceiver ofFIG. 1. The ADSL DMT receiver includes a bit ordering element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver system and associated methods will be specifically described hereafter in the context of a transmitter and a receiver at each end of DSL communication channel. The tone ordered discrete multitone system and associated methods as described in this context are intended to be possible nonexclusive examples of implementations. Numerous other embodiments are envisioned and are possible, as will be apparent to those with skill in the art.

The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver system of the present invention allows trellis coding over multiple DMT tones. Although not limited to this particular application and any particular number of tones, the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver system is particularly suited for use in connection with modems at opposing ends of telephone connections (wire pairs) extending between a central office (CO; defined as any facility having a telephone switch) associated with a telephone company and a customer premises (CP). The modems can employ any suitable modulation scheme, for example but not limited to, that prescribed by the industry standard V.34 that has been promulgated by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). Many CPs already have two-wire pairs connecting them to the CO. The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver system can effectively average the noise over multiple tones, for example, eight different tones, yielding better performance and longer DSL reach between the CO and CP equipment. In some cases, the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver system provides data throughput where none was possible otherwise.

Note that in the embodiments, as described hereafter, the transmitters and receivers can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. Preferably, all of the component parts of each, except the amplifier and transformer elements, are implemented in firmware that is stored in a memory (EPROM) and that is executed by a suitable instruction execution system, particularly, a digital signal processor (DSP) or general purpose microprocessor. The software/firmware can be stored and transported on any computer readable medium. If implemented in hardware, in whole or in part, as in alternative embodiments, the hardware components can be implemented with any or a combination of the following technologies, which are all well known in the art: a discrete logic circuit(s) having logic gates for implementing logic functions upon data signals, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having appropriate combinational logic gates, a programmable gate array(s) (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver may be particularly useful when discrete multitone interleaving, as described herein and in related application Ser. No. 09/736,353, is implemented in an ASIC.

Any process descriptions or blocks in figures should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.

The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver program, which comprises an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (electronic), a read-only memory (ROM) (electronic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) (electronic), an optical fiber (optical), and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM) (optical). Note that the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

FIGS. 1-4 show one embodiment of the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver.FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of the tone ordered discrete multitone deinterleaver for deinterleaving data processed by the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an ADSLDMT transceiver system100 showing the basic functional blocks and interfaces. The ADSL transceiver system includes an ADSL remote transceiver (ADSL Transceiver-R)102, achannel104, and an ADSL central transceiver (ADSL Transceiver-C)106. The ADSL Transceiver-R102 is typically housed in anADSL DMT modem112. The ADSL Transceiver-C106 is typically housed in a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM)124. ADSLDMT transceiver system100 shows a transmission system and method for data transport. Remote power feeding, which may be provided by the ADSL Transceiver-C106 is not shown.

In the ADSLDMT transceiver system100, an ADSL circuit connects ADSL Transceiver-R102 and ADSL Transceiver-C106 on each end of a twisted-pair telephone line, creating three information channels—a high speed downstream channel, a medium speed duplex channel, and a plain old telephone service (POTS) channel. The POTS channel is split off from the digital modems by filters, thus guaranteeing uninterrupted POTS. The high speed channel ranges from 1.5 to 8 Mbps, while duplex rates range from 16 Kbps to 1 Mbps. Each channel can be submultiplexed to form multiple, lower rate channels.

The ADSL Transceiver-R102 is typically located at a customer's premise and the ADSL Transceiver-C106 is typically located at a telephone company's central office or remote location. As is known in the art, the ADSL Transceiver-C106 acts as a master to some functions of the ADSL Transceiver-R102. In a typical application, transmitter and receiver components will be incorporated into the same device so that each is capable of transmitting and receiving data. The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver and associated tone ordered discrete multitone deinterleaver are incorporated into an ADSL DMT transmitter and an ADSL DMT receiver, respectively, at each end of thechannel104.

The ADSL Transceiver-R102 includes anADSL DMT transmitter200, described in detail below and shown inFIG. 2. For ease in describing theADSL transceiver system100, the detailed description is provided from the perspective of passing information from the transmitter in the ADSL Transceiver-R102 to the receiver in the ADSL Transceiver-C106. Those skilled in the art will recognize an analogous analysis applies to the transmission of information from the ADSL Transceiver-C106 to the ADSL Transceiver-R102.

TheADSL DMT modem112 may also contain asplitter114 and other components known to those skilled in the art. The input to the ADSL Transceiver-R102 may be a remote network (Network-R)110. Theremote network110 may include service modules (SMs)108. Theservice modules108 may be personal computers, servers, routers, and many other devices known to those skilled in the art. Astandard phone116, a voice band facsimile (V.B. Fax)118, and an ISDN device may be connected to thesplitter114. Thesplitter114 contains filters that separate high frequency ADSL signals from voiceband signals such as thestandard phone116, thefacsimile118, and the ISDN device.

Prior to entering thechannel104, the signal from theADSL DMT modem112 passes through a loop interface remote terminal end (U-R)120. The U-R120 may be Synchronous Transfer Mode (STM) bit sync based or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cell based.

The output of the loop interface remoteterminal end120 is passed through thechannel104 to the loop interface central office end (U-C)122. As with the loop interface remoteterminal end120, loop interfacecentral office end122 may be Synchronous Transfer Mode (STM) bit sync based or Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) cell based.

TheADSL DMT transmitter200, within the ADSL Transceiver-R102, processes theservice modules108 andremote network110 signals for transmission to theADSL DMT receiver502, within the ADSL Transceiver-C106, via thechannel104. TheADSL DMT transmitter200 processing includes the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaving of the current invention. TheADSL DMT receiver502 de-processes the signal and passes the deprocessed signals to the Broadband (B-Band)Network128 and the narrowband (N-Band)network130. The ADSL Transceiver-C106 is housed in theDSLAM124 along with aDSLAM splitter126 and other components known to those skilled in the art. TheADSL DMT receiver502 is housed in the ADSL Transceiver-C106, de-processing includes the tone ordered discrete multitone deinterleaving of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of anADSL DMT transmitter200 that resides in the ADSL Transceiver-R102 and the ADSL Transceiver-C106 ofFIG. 1. The basic functional blocks of theADSL DMT transmitter200 are shown inFIG. 2. It should be noted that the components shown inFIG. 2 are not all required to construct a DMT transmitter. Instead, the components are models for facilitating the construction of DMT signal waveforms. Those waveforms may be constructed in a variety of ways including by hardware, software, and firmware.

TheADSL DMT transmitter200 receives input(s) fromservice modules108 or remote network(s)110. The multiplexor synchronous control element (Mux/Sync Control)202 accepts the inputs and converts the inputs into multiplexed and synchronized data frames (mux data frames). The multiplexorsynchronous control element202 generates the mux data frames at a nominal 4 k baud.

The mux data frame output of the multiplexorsynchronous control element202 passes to thetone ordering element208 by one of two paths, each carrying a binary data stream. The first binary data stream is a “fast” path that provides low latency. The second binary data stream is interleaved and provides a low error rate and results in a higher latency. Both paths are processed by a scrambler and forward error corrector (FEC)204. Thetone ordering element208 receives binary data stream input from two paths in this embodiment. However, it is not critical to thetone ordering element208 how it receives input, or the form of the input, as long as the input is in the form of a bit stream, or can be converted into a bit stream.

The FEC is generally a Reed-Solomon coder. The scramblers, within the Scrambler &FECs204, are applied to the binary data streams without reference to any framing or symbol synchronizations. Descrambling in theADSL DMT receiver502 can likewise be performed independent of symbol synchronization. The interleaved path is processed by aninterleaver206 in addition to a scrambler andFEC204. Theinterleaver206 convolutionally interleaves the Reed-Solomon codewords. The depth of the interleaving is a variable power of 2. The FEC can reliably correct occasional errors if the data is interleaved. However, the FEC is not effective in correcting all (sin x)/x distortion.

Both binary data stream paths are also processed by cyclical redundancy checks (CRCs) that are not shown inFIG. 2. The output of both paths is in the form of FEC data frames generated at the DMT symbol rate. An FEC data block may span more than one DMT symbol.

The fast and interleaved paths lead to thetone ordering element208. Thetone ordering element208 combines data frames from the fast and the interleaved paths into combined tone ordered data symbols on tones. Thetone ordering element208 first places bits from the fast and interleaved paths into an original bit table b_iand then orders the bits in an ordered bit table b′_i. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the original bit table b_iand the ordered bit table b′_itable may be any system, computer program, hardware device, memory element, or logic device, that organizes information in a readily retrievable manner.

The number of bits per tone and the relative gains to be used for every tone are calculated by theADSL DMT receiver502 and sent to theADSL DMT transmitter200 according to a protocol defined by ITU standards. The pairs of numbers, representing the bits per tone and the relative gains, are typically stored in ascending order of frequency or tone number i, in a bit and gain table. As with the original bit table b_iand the ordered bit table b′_itable, the bit and gain table may be any system, computer program, hardware device, memory element, or logic device, that organizes information in a readily retrievable manner. The bit and gain table may be two separate systems that are coordinated by any other device so that bit and gain information is available for the assignment of bits to tones. The bit and gain table is one means of providing bits and relative gain information. In this application, in the phrase “bits and relative gain information” the word “information” refers to “bits” and “relative gains” (information regarding the assignment of bits and the relative gains to be used for every tone)—in contrast to an interpretation of the phrase as “logical bits plus relative gain information.”

Thetone ordering element208 first assigns bits from the fast path to the tones with the smallest number of bits assigned to them and then assigns the bits from the interleaved path to the remaining tones. All tones are encoded with the number of bits assigned to them. Therefore, some tones may have a mixture of bits from the fast and interleaved paths.

As described in ITU G.992.1, the ordered bit table b′_iis based on the original bit table b_ias follows for k=0 to 15:

- First, from the bit and gain table, find the set of all i with the number of bits per tone b_i=k; and
- Second, assign b_ito the ordered bit table b′_iin ascending order of i.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing an exemplar non-interleaving assignment of bits to tones as might be made by thetone ordering element208 in the prior art or when the dynamically selectable tone ordering discrete multitone interleaver is not operational. As shown inFIG. 3, adjacent tones often carry the same number of information bits. Since all tones carrying the same number of information bits b_iare trellis encoded consecutively by the constellation encoder and gainscaler210, adjacent tones are generally not interleaved in the prior art.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing an exemplar interleaving assignment of bits to tones using the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver. In contrast to the prior art, the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver modifies the number of bits assigned to adjacent tone pairs so that adjacent tones have a different number of bits assigned to them. This may be accomplished by forcing the receiver to instruct the transmitter to modify the original bit density (the theoretical bit density that would have resulted without the use of the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver) on alternate tones or tone pairs. This modification forces interleaving of adjacent tones when tones carrying the same number of information bits b_iare trellis encoded consecutively. Those skilled in the art will recognize that it may not be necessary to calculate the original bit density for the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver to assign bits to tones. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that it is not necessary to rely on the receiver to instruct the transmitter to modify the original bit density.

In ADSL, the trellis encoder in the constellation encoder and gainscaler210 is a 4-dimensional trellis encoder in which one trellis symbol is encoded as two 2-dimensional (complex arithmetic) signals on two tones. Therefore, tone pairs may be encoded together then interleaved, or adjacent tones may be avoided. Turbo codes will also be improved with the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver.

Several interleaving tone ordering modifications are available. Among the available modifications, three are noted. First, the constellation density may be reduced by one bit on every alternate tone that has an original bit density of b_i. This option will never cause a loss in margin but could reduce the data rate by 25%.

Second, the power gain scalars can be modified to compensate for the constellation density. An increase in power on some tones increases the density of those tones while a decrease in power on other tones decreases their density. This option results in a higher overall data rate.

Third, the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver may be dynamically discriminatory. The receiver may identify specific sets of tones that are degraded by correlated noise and apply the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver only to those tones. If the dynamically discriminatory tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver is enabled, then the trellis encoder, within the constellation encoder and gainscaler210, will process the bits on selected tones in a new non-sequential order.

The tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver can be used in place of, or in addition to, the original tone ordering function which constructs the re-ordered bit allocation table b′_i. Regardless of which modification to the ordering of bits on tones is used, the modification may be dynamically selectable by the receiver when the receiver senses a degradation of the incoming signal due to correlated noise.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that where the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver boosts power in one or more tones, a reduction in power in other tones will be required in order to return the system to equilibrium.

Though several embodiments of the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver have been described, any system for selecting points out of order by switching the input to the convolutional encoder will effectively interleave the DMT data symbols. Selecting points out of order may be done on consecutive points or may be done randomly.

Returning toFIG. 2, the tone ordered data symbols are passed to the constellation encoder and gainscaler210. The constellation encoder and gainscaler210 converts the tone ordered data frames into coded bits on DMT tones. The constellation encoder and gainscaler210 includes a convolutional encoder coset mapper as described in ITU (International Telecommunication Union) Recommendations G.992.1, Section 7.8. The constellational encoder, within the constellation encoder and gainscaler210, is similar to a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) encoder. The performance of the constellation encoder and gainscaler210 is improved by block processing Wei's16-state, 4-dimensional trellis code.

The coded bits on DMT tones from the constellation encoder and gainscaler210 are passed on to the Inverse Discrete Fourier Transformer (IDFT)212. TheIDFT212 combines the QAM constellations and converts the bits on the DMT tones to output samples. The output samples are converted to a serial stream by the parallel/serial buffer214.

The serial stream from the parallel/serial buffer214 is passed to a digital to analog converter (DAC)216. TheDAC216 and associated analog processing blocks (not shown) construct a continuous transmit voltage waveform corresponding to the discrete digital input samples from theIDFT212.

The analog signal passes through thesplitter114 and the loop interface remoteterminal end120 and enters thechannel104.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of anADSL DMT receiver502 that resides in the ADSLremote transceiver102 and the ADSLcentral transceiver106 ofFIG. 1.FIG. 5 includes a tone ordered discrete multitone deinterleaver for decoding and deinterleaving DMT symbols coded and interleaved by the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver ofFIGS. 1 and 2. TheADSL DMT receiver502 receives an input signal at asplitter126 from thechannel104 and through the loop interfacecentral office end122. The signal includes narrowband signals that are split by thesplitter126 and sent to thenarrow band network130.

The broadband portion of the signal from thechannel104 is processed by an analog to digital (ADC)converter504 and a serial/parallel converter506 and demodulated by a Discrete Fourier Transformer (DFT)element508.DFT element508 includes complementary gain scaling to that in the transmitter constellation encoder and gainscaler210. TheDFT element508 passes the demodulated signal toconvolutional decoder510. Theconvolutional decoder510 includes a Viterbi decoder. Theconvolutional decoder510 passes the output to abit ordering element514. Thebit ordering element514 performs a complementary re-ordering procedure from that performed by thetone ordering element208 including performing a complementary re-ordering procedure from that performed by the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver. Those skilled in the art are able to determine the reordering procedure based on the performance of thetone ordering element208.

The fast and the interleaved portions of the signal are segregated and sent down separate paths to the multiplexorsynchronous control element520. The interleaved path is processed by adeinterleaver516 and an FEC andDe-Scrambler518. The fast path is only processed by an FEC andDe-Scrambler518. The multiplexorsynchronous control element520 passes the deinterleaved and convolutionally decoded signal to thebroadband network128.

Those skilled in the art will recognize there may be additional components involved in processing signals beyond those shown in theFIGS. 1,2 and5. In particular, there may be components involved in processing the signal between theDFT508 and convolutional decoder510 (with associated mapper); and between theconvolutional decoder510 and thebit ordering element514. These additional components do not alter the basic invention as described inFIGS. 1-5.

It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present invention, particularly, any “preferred” embodiments, are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiment(s) of the tone ordered discrete multitone interleaver without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the invention. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.