US20080287870A1 - Vented Drug Reservoir Unit - Google Patents

Abstract

A reservoir unit (200) is provided comprising a housing (201) in which a reservoir (250) with a transparent portion (251) is arranged, the housing comprising a window (203) allowing a portion of the reservoir to be inspected. The reservoir unit is adapted to be moved from a first “cold” condition to a second “warm” condition with no visible water condensing on the interior surface of the window portion. Further, a vent (210, 211) is adapted to provide pressure equalization between the interior of the housing and the exterior. In this way it is possible to perform visual inspection of the reservoir at all times without being confused by dew or condensed water drops, e.g. when a prefilled reservoir unit containing a drug which requires storage at a given low temperature, as is the case for insulin-containing drugs, is taken out in ambient temperature.

Description

• The present invention generally relates to a reservoir unit containing a fluid drug, the reservoir unit comprising means allowing a condition of the drug to be checked for, for example, but not restricted to, fibrillation of insulin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• In the disclosure of the present invention reference is mostly made to the treatment of diabetes by injection or infusion of insulin, however, this is only an exemplary use of the present invention.
• Portable drug delivery devices for delivering a drug to a patient are well known and generally comprise a reservoir adapted to contain a liquid drug and having an outlet in fluid communication with a hollow infusion needle, as well as expelling means for expelling a drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the hollow needle. The delivery device may be adapted for discrete use, i.e. injection of an amount of a drug a given number of times during the day, or they may be adapted for continuous or quasi-continuous delivery of drug through a permanent fluid connection between the delivery device and the patient. The former type of device is often referred to as a pen device and the latter type is often termed an infusion pump. A “pen” is typically a mechanical pen-formed device, however, it may have any desirable configuration just as it may comprise a motor for assisted injection of drug.
• Basically, infusion pumps can be divided into two classes. The first class comprises durable infusion pumps which are relatively expensive pumps intended for 3-4 years use, for which reason the initial cost for such a pump often is a barrier to this type of therapy. Although more complex than traditional syringes and pens, the pump offer the advantages of continuous infusion of insulin, precision in dosing and optionally programmable delivery profiles and user actuated bolus infusions in connections with meals. Examples of this type of pump are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,562,751 and 4,685,903 hereby incorporated by reference. In order to provide a safe, user friendly and robust pump, most pumps are provided with a vent mechanism allowing the pump to accommodate pressure variations (e.g. due to moving interior parts, out-gassing from batteries or variation in ambient pressure), the vent being adapted to provide a certain degree of protection against the entry of water, see e.g. US 2004/0092873 disclosing an external infusion device comprising a housing having a vent port that permits the passage of air into and out of the housing and inhibits the passage of liquids into the housing through the vent port.
• Addressing the above problem, several attempts have been made to provide a second class of drug infusion devices that are low in cost and convenient to use. Some of these devices are intended to be partially or entirely disposable and may provide many of the advantages associated with an infusion pump without the attendant cost and inconveniencies, e.g. the pump may be prefilled thus avoiding the need for filling or refilling a drug reservoir. Examples of this type of infusion devices are known from U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,340,048 and 4,552,561 (based on osmotic pumps), U.S. Pat. No. 5,858,001 (based on a piston pump), U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,148 (based on a membrane pump), U.S. Pat. No. 5,957,895 (based on a flow restrictor pump (also know as a bleeding hole pump)), U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,288 (based on a gas generating pump), or U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,020 (based on a swellable gel) which all in the last decades have been proposed for use in inexpensive, primarily disposable drug infusion devices, the cited documents being incorporated by reference.
• The disposable pumps generally comprises a skin-contacting mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of a subject by adhesive means, and with the infusion needle arranged such that in a situation of use it projects from the mounting surface to thereby penetrate the skin of the subject, whereby the place where the needle penetrates the skin is covered while the appliance is in use.
• When a fluid drug is supplied to a user, it is important that the user can visually inspect the drug to make sure that the drug is not crystallised or polymerised due to e.g. self association or penetration, or that any other visually detectable change of the drug has occurred, such as oxidation of the active drug. For insulin such visual changes are often referred to as “fibrillation”. Even weak degrees of fibrillation can be critical for a patient, as it can potentially cause allergy to insulin and change the time-profile for the insulin.
• Having regard to the above-identified prior art devices, it is an object of the present invention to provide a reservoir unit with means aiding a user to check the condition of the drug, e.g. to check insulin for fibrillation, in a safe and reliable way.
DISCLOSURE OF ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION
• In the disclosure of the present invention, embodiments and aspects will be described which will address one or more of the above objects or which will address objects apparent from the below disclosure as well as from the description of exemplary embodiments.
• Thus, in a first aspect a reservoir unit is provided comprising a housing defining an interior, the housing comprising a transparent window portion having an interior surface, and a vent allowing ambient air and aqueous vapour to pass between the interior of the housing and the exterior. A reservoir is arranged within the interior of the housing, the reservoir defining an interior adapted to contain a fluid drug, the reservoir comprising a transparent portion allowing a user to inspect at least a portion of the contained drug through the transparent window portion and the transparent reservoir portion. The reservoir unit is adapted to be moved from a first stable condition at 5° C. and 0-100% relative humidity (RH), to a second stable condition at 40° C. and 75-100% relative humidity, with no visible water condensing on the interior surface of the window portion. The reservoir unit should be able to be moved swiftly between the two conditions, e.g. within 5 or 10 seconds. Further, the vent is adapted to provide 80% pressure equalization between the interior of the housing and the exterior at a pressure differential of 350 mBar in less than e.g. 60 or 30 minutes in order to assure proper working of pressure sensitive components. In this way it is possible to perform visual inspection of the reservoir at all times (e.g. also when the reservoir unit has just been removed from a refrigerator) without being confused by dew or condensed water drops. Such a situation of use would be relevant for a prefilled reservoir unit containing a drug which requires storage at a given low temperature as is the case for e.g. insulin-containing drugs. As the user in most cases would inspect the reservoir shortly after the reservoir has been moved between the two conditions, e.g. after the unit has been taken out of a refrigerator, the reservoir unit may be adapted to prevent visible water condensing on the interior surface of the window portion within a predetermined period of time, e.g. 5, 10 or 30 minutes.
• Although “visible condensing” may appear to be a relative term, it is considered to be a well-defined condition readily recognizable by the average user, e.g. the formation of either larger droplets or visible dew which would both interfere with visual inspection of the interior of the reservoir through the window. As an example, when dew is forming on a glass surface, an area with dew is well limited against a surrounding area where no visible dew has formed, the transition between the two areas being readily identifiable by the average person.
• In accordance with different embodiments of the present invention, the prevention of visible water condensing on the interior surface of the window portion can be achieved in a number of ways, e.g. the entrance of water in the housing can be delayed or prevented, or water having entered the housing may be prevented from condensing on the window.
• A reservoir unit in which the vent is adapted to delay the entrance of aqueous vapour into the interior of the housing at a given aqueous pressure differential may for example comprise a membrane restricting the passage of aqueous vapour into the interior of the housing, e.g. in the form of a plug formed from a hydrophobic material, e.g. as supplied by Gore. The vent may also comprise a narrow conduit adapted to condense aqueous vapour as humid ambient air enters the interior of the housing, this preventing water from reaching components arranged deeper within the housing. The conduit may have any desired configuration, especially it does not have to be tubular but may have any cross-sectional configuration. Specifically, in the present context the term conduit also covers a relatively flat space between two substantially co-planar elements. To further aid in condensing water, the conduit may comprise a condensing portion serving as a heat sink. For example, a portion of the conduit may be arranged in the vicinity of either the reservoir or an electric energy source arranged within the housing, these two structures serving as “cold” reservoirs when the reservoir unit is moved from a colder to a warmer condition.
• A reservoir unit in which the vent is adapted to prevent the entrance of aqueous vapour into the interior of the housing at a given aqueous pressure differential may for example comprise a valve controlled by the pressure differential between the interior of the housing and the exterior. In further embodiments the vent may comprise a molecular sieve in which water vapour will condense, or a capillary conduit adapted to condense aqueous vapour, the condensation of water blocking the conduit. The latter conduit may be combined with a heat sink as described above. To allow the vent to serve its pressure equalization purpose, the water condensed when the unit is moved from the first to the second stable condition should be allowed to evaporate within a relatively short time, e.g. in less than 30 minutes.
• Correspondingly, in a preferred embodiment a pocket-sized reservoir unit is provided, comprising a housing defining an interior, the housing comprising a transparent window portion having an interior surface, a vent allowing ambient air and aqueous vapour to pass between the interior of the housing and the exterior, and a reservoir arranged within the interior of the housing, the reservoir defining an interior adapted to contain a fluid drug, the reservoir comprising a transparent portion allowing a user to inspect at least a portion of the contained drug through the transparent window portion and the transparent reservoir portion. The vent allows a flow of less than 7.5 l/h, preferably less than 5 l/h, more preferably less than 2.5 l/h, at a pressure differential of 500 mBar between the interior of the housing and the exterior. The pocket-sized unit may have a volume of less than 100 cm², preferably less than 50 cm².
• In case aqueous vapour has entered the interior of the housing (or is allowed to enter the housing), it may be prevented from condensing on the interior surface of the window. For example, at least a portion of the space between the window portion and the transparent reservoir portion may be sealed thus preventing aqueous vapour to enter and potentially condense. In a further embodiment the interior surface of the window portion may be provided with a coating preventing condensation of water or preventing the visible condensation of water. The latter may be achieved by a micro-porous coating absorbing and distributing water over the surface. In a further embodiment a heating element is provided preventing condensation of water on the window portion, preferably arranged in the vicinity of the window.
• In the above disclosure a number of individual solutions to the problem of avoiding condensation of water have been disclosed, however, two or more of the individual solutions may be implemented in combination in order to achieve the desired object of venting the housing and at the same protecting the window portion from condensation of water. Indeed, the disclosed solutions may also serve to control water condensation inside the housing in general, e.g. it may be desirable to prevent water condensation on electronic components. In addition to controlling entrance of aqueous vapour, the above described vent will also prevent fluids (e.g. water) and dust from entering the interior.
• The reservoir may comprise first and second flexible foil portions sealed together to form an enclosed cavity for containing the fluid, the reservoir having a pouch-like configuration.
• The reservoir unit may be provided with a fluid outlet and an expelling assembly adapted for cooperation with the reservoir to expel fluid drug out of the reservoir and through the fluid outlet. The term outlet is used to denote a structure which will serve as an outlet during actual delivery of drug. In other words, the outlet may be closed when not actually used. For example, the outlet may be in the form of a needle-penetrable septum which will be closed until a needle is arranged there through. The outlet may also be provided with a valve which will close the outlet until the delivery expelling means is actuated.
• Such a unit may further comprise, or be adapted to cooperate with, a transcutaneous device (e.g. a needle, a soft cannula, a micro needle array, a traditional infusion set or non-invasive transdermal means, projecting from or arranged on a lower surface of a skin-mountable device in a situation of use). The unit may also comprise a mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of the subject, wherein the expelling assembly, in a situation of use, is adapted for expelling drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the transcutaneous device.
• In an embodiment of the invention a medical device is provided, comprising a transcutaneous device unit and a reservoir unit as described above, the transcutaneous device unit comprising a transcutaneous device and a mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of the subject, wherein the expelling assembly is adapted for cooperation with the reservoir to expel fluid drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the transcutaneous device, and wherein the transcutaneous device unit and the reservoir unit are adapted to be secured to each other in a situation of use. The units may comprise coupling means allowing the units to be releasable secured to each other, and the coupling means may be user actuatable, e.g. comprising one or more elements to be manipulated in order to release the coupling.
• The medical device may be adapted to allow inspection of the reservoir only when the reservoir unit is detached from the transcutaneous device unit.
• As used herein, the term “drug” is meant to encompass any drug-containing flowable medicine capable of being passed through a delivery means such as a hollow needle or cannula in a controlled manner, such as a liquid, solution, gel or fine suspension. Representative drugs include pharmaceuticals such as peptides, proteins (e.g. insulin, insulin analogues and C-peptide), and hormones, biologically derived or active agents, hormonal and gene based agents, nutritional formulas and other substances in both solid (dispensed) or liquid form. In the description of the exemplary embodiments reference will be made to the use of insulin. Correspondingly, the term “subcutaneous” infusion is meant to encompass any method of transcutaneous delivery to a subject. Further, the term needle (when not otherwise specified) defines a piercing member adapted to penetrate the skin of a subject.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• In the following the invention will be further described with references to the drawings, wherein
• FIG. 1 shows in perspective view an embodiment of a modular drug delivery device,
• FIG. 2 shows a side view of an assembled drug delivery device,
• FIG. 3 shows in a non-assembled state a needle unit and a reservoir unit for a further embodiment of a drug delivery device,
• FIG. 4 shows a further perspective view of the needle unit ofFIG. 3,
• FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the interior of the reservoir unit ofFIG. 3,
• FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of a further reservoir unit, and
• FIGS. 7A-7D show embodiments of a reservoir unit comprising means to prevent water condensing.
• In the figures like structures are identified by like reference numerals.
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
• When in the following terms as “upper” and “lower”, “right” and “left”, “horizontal” and “vertical” or similar relative expressions are used, these only refer to the appended figures and not to an actual situation of use. The shown figures are schematic representations for which reason the configuration of the different structures as well as there relative dimensions are intended to serve illustrative purposes only.
• Firstly, with reference toFIG. 1 an embodiment of a modular drug delivery device will be described. The delivery device is shown as an example of a type of device in which one or more aspects of the present invention advantageously may be implemented, however, aspects of the present invention may be used in combination with any relevant drug delivery device in which it is desirable to check a characteristic of the drug.
• Thetranscutaneous device unit2 comprises a transcutaneous device in the form of a needle and will thus in the following be termed a needle unit, however, it the context of the present invention, it represents any transcutaneous device that may be used for drug delivery.
• More specifically,FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of medical device in the form of a modular skin-mountable drug delivery device1 comprising a patch-like needle unit2 and areservoir unit5. When supplied to the user each of the units are preferably enclosed in its own sealed package (not shown).
• The needle unit comprises abase portion10 with a lower mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of a user, and ahousing portion20 in which a hollow infusion needle (not shown) is arranged. The needle comprises a distal portion adapted to penetrate the skin of a user, and a proximal portion adapted to be arranged in fluid communication with the reservoir unit. The distal portion of the needle is moveable between an initial position in which the distal end is retracted relative to the mounting surface, and an extended position in which it projects relative to the mounting surface. Further, the needle is moveable between the extended position in which the distal end projects relative to the mounting surface, and a retracted position in which the distal end is retracted relative to the mounting surface. The needle unit further comprises user-gripable actuation means in the form of strip-members21,22 for actuating respectively retracting the needle. The housing further comprises user-actuatable male coupling means40 in the form of a pair of resiliently arranged hook members adapted to cooperate with corresponding female coupling means on the reservoir unit, this allowing the reservoir unit to be releasable secured to the needle unit in the situation of use. The base portion comprises a relatively rigid upper portion11 attached to a more flexibleadhesive sheet member12 having a lower adhesive surface providing the mounting surface per se, the adhesive surface being supplied with a peelable protective sheet. The base portion also comprises aridge member13 adapted to engage a corresponding groove on the reservoir unit.
• Thereservoir unit5 comprises a pre-filled reservoir containing a liquid drug formulation (e.g. insulin) and expelling means in the form of an electronically controlled pump for expelling the drug from the reservoir through the needle in a situation of use. The reservoir unit has a generally flat lower surface adapted to be mounted onto the upper surface of the base portion, and comprises a protrudingportion50 adapted to be received in a corresponding cavity of thehousing portion20 as well as female coupling means51 adapted to engage thecorresponding hook members31 on the needle unit. The protruding portion provides the interface between the two units and comprises a pump outlet and contact means (not shown) allowing the pump to be started as the two units are assembled. The lower surface also comprises a window (not to be seen) allowing the user to visually control the contents of the reservoir, however, such a window may also be arranged on an upper free surface of the reservoir unit.
• FIG. 2 shows the reservoir and needle units in an assembled state with aneedle30 protruding from the lower surface thereof.
• FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of medical device500 substantially corresponding to the embodiment ofFIG. 1, the device comprising a patch-like needle unit502 and a theretoattachable reservoir unit505 having avent510.
• InFIG. 4 the side of theneedle unit502 which connects to the reservoir unit is shown. In addition to the tworidge members561 and the user actuatable coupling means511 the needle unit comprises further structures which connects to and/or engages the reservoir unit to provide a functional interface with the reservoir unit. More specifically, the needle unit comprises a fluid inlet provided by the pointedproximal portion532 of the needle projecting from the needle unit and adapted to engage a fluid outlet of the reservoir unit, an actuator515 projecting from the needle unit and adapted to engage and actuate a fluid connector in the reservoir unit (i.e. providing fluid communication between the pump and the reservoir), and first andsecond contact actuators548,558 adapted to engage corresponding contacts on the reservoir unit. The first contact actuator is provided by a portion of the needle actuator projecting through an opening in the housing, and the second contact actuator is provided by a hinged portion of the housing connected to a needle retraction member. When the needle unit is first connected to the reservoir unit both contact actuators will protrude from the housing and engage the corresponding contacts on the reservoir unit thereby indicating that that a needle unit has been connected. When the needle is actuated the first contact actuator will be withdrawn and thereby disengage the corresponding contact on the reservoir unit to start pump actuation. When the needle is retracted the second contact actuator will pivot and disengage the corresponding contact on the reservoir unit to stop pump actuation. Indeed, the interface between the two units may be configured in many different ways and may provide different functionalities. For example, the system may be intended for placement and actuation of the needle before the reservoir unit is connected.
• FIG. 5 shows the reservoir unit with an upper portion of the housing removed. The reservoir unit comprises areservoir760 and an expelling assembly comprising apump assembly800 and control and actuation means580,581 therefore. The pump assembly comprises anoutlet822 for connection to a transcutaneous access device (e.g. the needle xxx) and anopening823 allowing the internal fluid connector to be actuated. The reservoir560 is in the form of prefilled, flexible and collapsible pouch comprising a needle-penetratable septum adapted to be arranged in fluid communication with the pump assembly. The shown pump assembly is a mechanically actuated membrane pump, however, the reservoir and expelling means may be of any suitable configuration. The control and actuation means comprises a pump actuating member in the form of acoil actuator581 arranged to actuate a piston of the membrane pump, a PCB or flex-print to which are connected a microprocessor583 for controlling, among other, the pump actuation,contacts588,589 cooperating with the contact actuators on the needle unit, signal generating means585 for generating an audible and/or tactile signal, an optional display (not shown) and anenergy source586. The contacts are preferably protected by membranes which may be formed by flexible portions of the housing. The reservoir unit may further be provided with receiving and transmission means allowing the unit to be controlled wirelessly by a remote controller.
• InFIG. 6 an exploded view of thereservoir unit505 ofFIG. 3 is shown, the unit comprising anupper housing member507, alower housing member508 with atransparent area509 andgrooves504 to receive theridge members561 extending from the needle unit, aflexible reservoir760 with arounded edge portion762 on which aseptum member761 is mounted, apump assembly800 with actuator and a circuit board (not shown) arranged above the reservoir and comprising electronic components for controlling actuation of the pump.
• Further details and embodiments in respect of a modular drug delivery device of the type shown inFIGS. 1-6 are disclosed in applicant's WO 2005/039673 which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.
• With reference to schematicFIGS. 7A-7D four embodiments of a reservoir unit comprising means to prevent visible water condensing on the interior surface of a window portion of reservoir unit is shown. The reservoir units are of the type disclosed with reference toFIGS. 1-6, however, for illustrative purposes only the elements necessary to illustrate the central aspects of the different embodiments are shown.
• More specifically,FIG. 7A shows areservoir unit100 comprising a housing101 defining an interior102, the housing comprising atransparent window portion103 having an interior surface. Areservoir150 is arranged within the interior of the housing, the reservoir defining an interior adapted to contain a fluid drug, the reservoir comprising atransparent portion151 allowing a user to inspect at least a portion of the contained drug through the transparent window portion and the transparent reservoir portion. The shown reservoir comprises first and second flexible foil portions sealed together to form an enclosed cavity for containing the fluid, the reservoir having a pouch-like configuration, however, the reservoir may have any desirable configuration. A venting element in the form of avent plug110 is provided allowing ambient air and aqueous vapour to pass between the interior of the housing and the exterior. The plug in combination with the remaining properties of the reservoir unit assures that 80% pressure equalization between the interior of the housing and the exterior at a pressure differential of 350 mBar is provided in less than 30 minutes when the plug is not blocked, see below. At the same time the plug controls influx of water vapour such that the reservoir unit is adapted to be moved from a first stable condition at 5° C. and 0-100% RH, to a second stable condition at 40° C. and 75-100% RH within a period of time of less than 5 seconds, with no visible water condensing on the interior surface of the window portion.
• The vent plug may be of a type restricting the passage of aqueous vapour, e.g. a hydrophobic plug element of the type supplied by Gore. The actual properties for a plug providing the desired functionality for a given reservoir unit will depend on a number of factors such as the physical properties of the reservoir unit (e.g. size, materials, spatial arrangement of components inside the housing) as well as other means provided serving to limit condensation of water. For a prototype embodying principles of the present invention the Gore membranes D3TV 911935 and D3TV 911938 were found to work satifactiously.
• Alternatively thevent plug110 may be of a type preventing the passage of aqueous vapour by allowing the vapour to condense within the plug. For example, the plug may comprise a so-called molecule sieve which is a micro-porous structure in which the water molecules will be withhold at first but is subsequently allowed to evaporate at a later time when the plug has achieved a higher temperature. If the vapour load is high the full venting potential of the plug may be diminished until it has dried. In a further alternative the vent plug may comprise a valve controlled by the pressure differential between the interior of the housing and the exterior. For example, the valve may be a passive valve adapted to open at a given pressure differential (e.g. 50 mBar) which for a given pump has been found not to interfere with the functionality of the reservoir unit. Indeed, such a solution would be based on the assumption that a sudden change of both the pressure differential and the temperature differential between the interior of the housing and the exterior is unlikely.
• InFIG. 7B is shown areservoir unit200 of the same general type as inFIG. 7A comprising a housing201 with avent opening210, atransparent window portion203, and areservoir250. A venting element in the form of aconduit211 is provided between the vent opening and theinterior202 of the housing. The vent conduit may be of a type restricting the passage of aqueous vapour by allowing at least a portion of the vapour to condense within the conduit without blocking the passage of air. Alternatively, the vent comprises a capillary conduit adapted to condense aqueous vapour, the condensation of water blocking the conduit until the condensed water has evaporated.
• Both types of conduits may be combined with aheat sink260 which will serve to further reduce the temperature of the incoming vapour, thus accelerating condensation of water. For example, in a given reservoir unit further comprising a pump assembly and an energy source in the form of an electric cell (or “battery”), the reservoir and/or the electric cell would have a relatively large heat storage capacity that would keep a low temperature for a longer time than some of the other components of the reservoir unit. In exemplary embodiments a surface portion of the heat sink, e.g. the relatively large and substantially planar outer surfaces of a 3V lithium cell, may form a portion of the conduit.
• InFIG. 7C is shown areservoir unit300 of the same general type as inFIG. 7A comprising ahousing301 with avent opening310, atransparent window portion303, and areservoir350. To prevent aqueous vapour from entering the space between the reservoir and the window portion and subsequently condense on the interior surface of the window when the reservoir unit is transferred between the first and second conditions, aseal370 is arranged between the reservoir and the window portion, the seal preventing vapour from entering the space. The seal may be in the form of a separate seal element (e.g. an O-ring) or it may be formed integrally with the housing as shown. As the problem of condensation is primarily associated with the step of taking a new reservoir unit out of cold storage, the seal may be adapted to only engage a form-changing reservoir (e.g. a flexible pouch reservoir) in its fully filled condition.
• InFIG. 7D is shown areservoir unit400 of the same general type as inFIG. 7A comprising ahousing401 with avent opening410, a transparent window portion403, and areservoir450. To prevent aqueous vapour to condense on the interior surface of the window portion when the reservoir unit is transferred between the first and second conditions, the inner surface of the window portion is provided with a coating480 preventing condensation of water or pre-venting the visible condensation of water. To further assist in the prevention of condensation of water on the window, a heating element490 (requiring an energy source, not shown) is provided in the vicinity of the window. To illustrate that the different features described above to prevent condensation of water on the window can be used in combination, the embodiment ofFIG. 7D further comprises avent plug410 and aconduit411.
• In the following two examples the difference in properties between an embodiment of the present invention and a conventional infusion pump will be illustrated.
Example 1
• Scope of the test: Condensation effects on the inspection window.
• Test object: 15 reservoir units of the same general design as inFIGS. 6 and 7, i.e. comprising a reservoir and an inspection window, the remaining components being replaced with dummy components having representative properties for heat storage. All units were mounted with 2K Gore membranes having allowing a flow of 1.2 l/h at a pressure differential of 500 mBar between the interior of the housing and ambient air.
• Test object is to be moved from hot and humid place (T=+40° C., RH=98%) into a cold and semi humid place (T=+5° C., RH=75%) for nine cycles lapsing over three days. Two climate champers are used: Cl_hot; T=+40° C., RH=98%, and Cl_cold; T=+5° C., RH=75%
• Test cycle: (1) Start of cycle, (2) specimens are placed in Cl_cold for 60 min., (3) specimens are placed in Cl_hot for 60 min., (4) condensation effects on the inside of the inspection window are observed, and (5) end of cycle, go tostep2—if three cycles has been performed leave specimens in Cl_hot for the night; go to step1 next morning.
• Moisture observations: Tests was performed according to schedule presented above with 9 cycles (3 per day). No moisture was observed during the 3 days.
• Conclusions: As no moisture is observed, this test provides an early indication that the water protection concept is OK. It is shown that a pump units fitted with a 2K membrane, exposed to shifting temperatures (between 5° C. and 40° C.) and a relative high humidity (98% RH), to a sufficient degree can prevent condensation inside the pump unit.
Example 2
• Scope of the test: To clarify if condensation effects appear on the inside of the inspection window in a regular insulin pump.
• Test object: One MiniMed Paradigm® pump with catheter applied has been tested. The pump comprises an inspection window through which a cartridge can be inspected. The pump is mounted with a membrane having allowing a flow of 15.2 l/h at a pressure differential of 500 mBar between the interior of the pump housing and ambient air.
• The test procedure: Test object is to be moved from hot and humid (T=+40° C., RH=98%) into a cold and semi humid place (T=+5° C., RH=75%) for a total of nine cycles lapsing over three days. Between each move the pump is inspected for a few minutes at 20° C. and 75% RH.
• Procedure for each cycle: (1) Start of cycle, (2) the specimen is placed in cold environment for approximately 60 min, (3) specimen is observed for ½-3 minutes; photos are taken if dough is experienced, (4) specimen is placed in hot environment for approximately 60 min, (5) specimen is observed for ½-3 minutes; photos are taken if dough is experienced, and (6) end of cycle. At each observation point the outside of inspection window is cleaned from condensate.
• Results: During the three days of testing, dough was experienced from the beginning of the 2^ndday (or from the 4^thcycle). The dough is situated on the window area near the ventilation membrane and fills an area of approximately 10-20 mm². During the 3^rdday the dough intensity was increasing during the day. In the observation environment of 20° C. and 75% RH the dough is visible for a period of 1-3 minutes where after it begins for evaporate. After another 1-3 minutes the dough is finally gone.
• Conclusions: Dough between the inspection window and the insulin reservoir is experienced when a pump in a hot and humid environment, e.g. in Asia (Temp=+40° C., RH=98%) is stored in a cooler 3 times over 3 days.
• In the above description of the preferred embodiments, the different structures and means providing the described functionality for the different components have been described to a degree to which the concept of the present invention will be apparent to the skilled reader. The detailed construction and specification for the different components are considered the object of a normal design procedure performed by the skilled person along the lines set out in the present specification.

Claims (25)

1. A reservoir unit (100,200,300,400) comprising:

a housing defining an interior, the housing comprising a transparent window portion (103,203,303,403) having an interior surface,

a vent (110,211,310,411) allowing ambient air and aqueous vapour to pass between the interior of the housing and the exterior,

a reservoir (150,250,350,450) arranged within the interior of the housing, the reservoir defining an interior adapted to contain a fluid drug, the reservoir comprising a transparent portion allowing a user to inspect at least a portion of the contained drug through the transparent window portion and the transparent reservoir portion,

wherein the reservoir unit is adapted to be moved from a first stable condition at 5° C. and 0-100% relative humidity, to a second stable condition at 40° C. and 75-100% relative humidity, with no visible water condensing on the interior surface of the window portion, and

wherein the vent is adapted to provide 80% pressure equalization between the interior of the housing and the exterior at a pressure differential of 350 mBar in less than 60 minutes.

2. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 1, wherein the vent (110,211,410,411) is adapted to delay the entrance of aqueous vapour into the interior of the housing at a given aqueous pressure differential.

3. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 2, wherein the vent comprises a membrane (110) restricting the passage of aqueous vapour into the interior of the housing.

4. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 2, wherein the vent comprises a narrow conduit (211,411) adapted to condense aqueous vapour.

5. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 4, wherein the conduit comprises a condensing portion in the form of heat sink (260).

6. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 1, wherein the vent (110) is adapted to prevent the entrance of aqueous vapour into the interior of the housing at a given aqueous pressure differential.

7. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 6, wherein the vent comprises a valve (110) controlled by the pressure differential between the interior of the housing and the exterior.

8. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 6, wherein the vent comprises a molecular sieve (110) in which water vapour will condense.

9. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 6, wherein the vent comprises a capillary conduit (211) adapted to condense aqueous vapour, the condensation of water blocking the conduit.

10. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 8, wherein the water condensed when the unit is moved from the first to the second stable condition will have evaporated within less than 30 minutes at the second condition.

11. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 1, wherein aqueous vapour having entered the interior of the housing is prevented from condensing on the interior surface of the window.

12. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 11, wherein at least a portion of the space between the window portion and the transparent reservoir portion is sealed (370).

13. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 11, wherein the interior surface of the window portion is provided with a coating (480) preventing condensation of water or preventing the visible condensation of water.

14. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 11, further comprising a heating element (490) preventing condensation of water on the interior surface of the window portion.

15. A reservoir unit as defined inclaim 14, wherein the heating element is arranged in the vicinity of the interior surface of the window portion.

16. A reservoir unit as inclaim 1, further comprising a fluid outlet (822) and an expelling assembly (800) adapted for cooperation with the reservoir to expel fluid drug out of the reservoir and through the fluid outlet.

17. A reservoir unit as inclaim 16, further comprising:

a transcutaneous device adapted to penetrate the skin of a subject, and

a mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of the subject,

wherein the expelling assembly, in a situation of use, is adapted for expelling drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the transcutaneous device.

18. A medical device, comprising a transcutaneous device unit (2) and a reservoir unit (5) as inclaim 16, the transcutaneous device unit comprising:

a transcutaneous device (30),

a mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of the subject, wherein the expelling assembly is adapted for cooperation with the reservoir to expel fluid drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the transcutaneous device,

wherein the transcutaneous device unit and the reservoir unit are adapted to be secured to each other in a situation of use.

19. A pocket-sized reservoir unit (100) comprising:

a housing defining an interior, the housing comprising a transparent window portion (103) having an interior surface,

a vent (110) allowing ambient air and aqueous vapour to pass between the interior of the housing and the exterior,

a reservoir (150) arranged within the interior of the housing, the reservoir defining an interior adapted to contain a fluid drug, the reservoir comprising a transparent portion allowing a user to inspect at least a portion of the contained drug through the transparent window portion and the transparent reservoir portion,

wherein the vent allows a flow of less than 7.5 litre per hour at a pressure differential of 500 mBar between the interior of the housing and the exterior.

20. A reservoir unit as inclaim 19, further comprising a fluid outlet (822) and an expelling assembly (800) adapted for cooperation with the reservoir to expel fluid drug out of the reservoir and through the fluid outlet.

21. A reservoir unit as inclaim 20, further comprising:

a transcutaneous device adapted to penetrate the skin of a subject, and

a mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of the subject,

wherein the expelling assembly, in a situation of use, is adapted for expelling drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the transcutaneous device.

22. A medical device, comprising a transcutaneous device unit (2) and a reservoir unit (5) as inclaim 20, the transcutaneous device unit comprising:

a transcutaneous device (30),

a mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of the subject, wherein the expelling assembly is adapted for cooperation with the reservoir to expel fluid drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the transcutaneous device,

wherein the transcutaneous device unit and the reservoir unit are adapted to be secured to each other in a situation of use.

23. A reservoir unit as inclaim 19, wherein the vent allows a flow of less than 5 l/h, or less than 2.5 l/h, at a pressure differential of 500 mBar between the interior of the housing and the exterior, and wherein the reservoir unit has a volume of less than 100 cm², or less than 50 cm².

24. A reservoir unit as in any ofclaim 1, wherein the reservoir is prefilled with a fluid drug.

25. A reservoir unit as in any ofclaim 1, wherein the reservoir is flexible and prefilled with a fluid drug.

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