US20080226677A1

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Publication number: US20080226677A1
Application number: US10/843,877
Authority: US
Inventors: Yasuko Mori; Kenjiro Tadagaki; Masaya Takemoto; Michiaki Takahashi; Koichi Yamanishi
Original assignee: RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MICROBIAL DISEASES OF OSAKA UNVERSITY
Current assignee: RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MICROBIAL DISEASES OF OSAKA UNVERSITY
Priority date: 2004-05-06
Filing date: 2004-05-12
Publication date: 2008-09-18
Also published as: US7820436B2; US20110070651A1; KR20120088004A; US20120129263A1; EP1743942A1; JP5410477B2; AU2005240902B2; EP1743942A4; KR101234062B1; KR101294238B1; CN1981040B; JP4796958B2; US8148060B2; AU2005240902A1; KR20060123666A; JP2011234726A; JPWO2005108581A1; WO2005108581A1; CA2565509A1; US20090253208A1

Abstract

A recombinant herpesvirus, a method for producing the recombinant herpesvirus, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the recombinant herpesvirus, are provided with a method for producing a recombinant herpesvirus using a BAC vector sequence. In addition, a vector comprising a herpesvirus genomic gene and a BAC vector sequence, a cell comprising the vector, and a nucleic acid cassette comprising a fragment, which is capable of homologous recombination with a herpesvirus genome, and a BAC vector sequence, are provided.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a recombinant viral vector for introducing a desired gene into lymphoid cells, particularly a recombinant human herpes viral vector prepared using BAC (E. coliartificial chromosome), and a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a viral vector. Further, the present invention relates to a vector comprising a human herpes viral genomic gene and a BAC vector sequence, and a cell containing such a vector. Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing a recombinant human herpesvirus. Further, the present invention relates to a nucleic acid cassette comprising a fragment capable of homologous recombination with a herpesvirus genome, and a BAC vector sequence.

2. Description of the Related Art

There has been a demand for the establishment of a technique for gene therapy with lymphoid cells in order to treat various diseases involving lymphoid cells, e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, no satisfactory vector system for introducing a desired gene into lymphoid cells has been developed.

Herpesvirus (HHV) is a generic term referring to viruses of the family Herpesviridae. Both human herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7) are double-stranded DNA viruses of the subfamily β Herpesviridae of the family Herpesviridae, which are responsible for exanthem subitum. (Yamanishi K. et al., “Identification of human herpesvirus 6 as a causal agent for exanthem subitum”, Lancet 1988; i: 1065-1067 and Tanaka K. et al., “Human herpesvirus 7: Another causal agent for roseola (exanthem subitum)”, J. Pediatr., 1994; 125: 1-5). HHV-6 includes two strains, HHV-6A and HHV-6B. HHV-6 causes a viral infectious disease which often occurs during infancy and induces sudden high fever and exanthema before and after the reduction of fever. The prognosis of infected patients is generally good. HHV-7 infection tends to occur later than HHV-6 infection (Tanaka K. et al., “Seroepidemiological study of human herpesvirus-6 and -7 in children of different ages and detection of these two viruses in throat swabs by polymerase chain reaction”, Journal of Medical Virology, 1996; 48:88-94). Therefore, exanthem subitum caused by HHV-7 is clinically experienced as secondary exanthem subitum. A seroepidemiological study of HHV-6 and HHV-7 demonstrated that most children become positive for antibodies to HHV-6 and HHV-7 before the age of two or three. It has been reported that the in apparent infection rate is 20 to 40%.

HHV-7 is a herpesvirus which was newly found by Frankel et al. in 1990 when a cytopathic effect was observed during culturing of CD4⁺ T lymphoid cells of a healthy person's peripheral blood (Frankel N. et al., “Isolation of a new herpesvirus from human CD4⁺ T cells”, ProNAS USA, 87: 749-752, ProNAS USA, 87: 749-752, 1990). The virus was isolated from mononuclear cells of human peripheral blood. Both HHV-6 and -7 are CD4⁺ T lymphoid cell tropic viruses. HHV-7 infects T cells via a receptor CD4on the cell surface. HHV-7 can grow only in human T lymphoid cells. Therefore, HHV-7 is a virus which can be used for gene modification of human T lymphoid cells.

The HHV-7 genome is double-stranded DNA of about 145 kbp. The whole base sequence has been determined by Nicholas et al. It is known that at least 101 genes are present on the genome (John N. et al., Journal of Virology, September 1996, 5975 to 5989).

However, it is not currently possible to introduce a gene into T lymphoid cells using HHV-7. This is because no technique for preparing a herpesvirus capable of infecting only T lymphoid cells, i.e., recombinant HHV-7 virus, has been developed, and no technique for efficiently introducing a vector into T lymphoid cells has been established. Therefore, there is a demand for a technique for introducing a desired gene into T lymphoid cells using HHV-7 or HHV-6 recombinant virus.

In addition, it is believed that these viruses, particularly HHV-7 virus, have no adverse effect on healthy individuals. If a gene containing an antigenic determinant of various viruses (e.g., mumps) is incorporated into the viral genome of HHV-7 and is expressed by infected cells, HHV-7 is considered to be useful as a vaccine. However, when HHV-7 is used as a vaccine, in terms of quality control and quality assurance, it is preferable that the genotype of the virus is not changed as the virus is subcultured. Therefore, when the recombinant virus is used as a vaccine, it is necessary to stably supply a virus derived from a single recombinant genotype virus. For this purpose, a technique for producing a HHV-7 recombinant virus having a single genotype has been desired.

In addition, the mutual relationship between the HIV infection of a T lymphoid cell strain SupT1 cell and a T lymphoid cell tropic human herpesvirus (HHV-6A (U1102 strain), HHV-7 (MRK, MSO strains)) has been studied. The HHV-7 strain, which binds a receptor CD4 of cells, exhibits satisfactory growth in SupT1 cells. However, infection could not been established for SupT1/HIV cells. In contrast, it has been recognized that HHV-6A strain infects SupT1 cells with HIV-persistent infection (SupT1/HIV) and exhibits clear CPE (Masao Yamada et al., “HIV Jizokukansen SupT1 Saibo heno HHV-6 oyobi -7 Choufukukannsen no Kokoromi (Attempt for HHV-6 and -7 Superinfection to HIV Persistent Infection Sup-T1 Cell)”, Title No. 122, Titles and Abstracts of the 7th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for AIDS Research, 1993, Tokyo).

An object of the present invention is to provide a recombinant viral vector for introducing a desired gene into lymphoid cells, particularly a recombinant human herpes viral vector prepared using a BAC (E. coliartificial chromosome), and a pharmaceutical composition comprising such a viral vector. Another object of the present invention is to provide a vector comprising a human herpes viral genomic gene and a BAC actor sequence, and a ell containing such a vector. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a recombinant human herpesvirus. Even still another object of the present invention is to provide a nucleic acid cassette comprising a fragment capable of homologous recombination with a herpesvirus genome, and a BAC vector sequence.

To achieve this, the present invention provides recombinant HHV-7, and a production method thereof, e.g., a method for producing recombinant HHV-7 or HHV-6 from a single virus strain using a BAC (E. coliartificial chromosome).

An ideal HIV vaccine can provide complete and long-lasting protection for all types of HIV. On the other hand, conventional inactivated HIV vaccines have advantages and disadvantages, some of which will be described below.

A method for producing a recombinant vaccine employs common techniques. However, since it is difficult to maintain immunogenicity (since immunogenicity is low), high antigenic load and frequent inoculation of an adjuvant are required. Safety is of the greatest concern. A subunit vaccine containing either a native or recombinant subunit may be safe. However, such a subunit vaccine is limited because of the selection of a subunit and the low immunogenicity.

The present invention can realize an effect which cannot be obtained by conventional vaccines. This effect is a function of prevention and treatment before and after HIV infection. This is achieved by the recombinant herpesvirus itself utilizing the same mechanism that HIV uses to bind to its target immune cell (CD4⁺ T cell).

Conventionally, it is difficult to produce a vaccine for HIV. The reason will be described below. HIV is integrated with the infected cell. In addition, HIV attacks immune cells themselves which are usually activated by a vaccine. When HIV infects a cell, gp120 binds to CD4. CD4 is a receptor present on the surface of an immune cell (T cell) which HIV infects. CD4 can be said to be an entrance to the cell. The growth of HIV can be suppressed by HHV-7 binding to the CD4⁺ cell surface or HHV-6 entering the cell.

By utilizing the above-described principle, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention of HIV infection, and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of HIV infection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present inventors developed a method for producing a recombinant herpesvirus using a BAC vector sequence to complete the present invention.

Therefore, the present invention provides the following.

1. A recombinant herpesvirus for gene transfer into lymphoid cells.

2. The recombinant herpesvirus ofitem 1, comprising BAC vector sequence.

3. The recombinant herpesvirus ofitem 2, wherein at least part of the BAC vector sequence is inserted into a non-essential region of a herpesvirus genome.

4. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the non-essential region is selected from the group consisting of the following regions of HHV-7:

5. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 4, wherein the non-essential region is the region flanking the ORF of gene U24, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U24a.

6. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the non-essential region is selected from the group consisting of the following regions of HHV-6A or HHV-6B:

7. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 6, wherein the non-essential region is the region flanking the ORF of gene U5 of HHV-6, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U8 of HHV-6.

8. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a recombinant protein dependent recombinant sequence.

9. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a selectable marker.

10. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 9, wherein the selectable marker is drug selectable marker.

11. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 9, wherein the selectable marker is a gene encoding green fluorescent protein.

12. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a wild type strain.

13. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a mutant type strain.

14. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-7 KHR strain.

15. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-6A U1102 strain or HHV-6B HST strain.

16. The recombinant herpesvirus of item 3, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 401.

17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus ofitem 1.

18. The pharmaceutical composition of item 17, wherein the composition is in the form of vaccine.

19. A vector comprising a human herpesvirus essential gene and a BAC vector sequence.

20. The vector of item 19, wherein a mammalian cell produces a recombinant herpesvirus when the vector is introduced into the mammalian cell.

21. The vector of item 20, wherein a portion where a sequence derived from the herpesvirus genome is linked to the BAC vector sequence is within a non-essential region of the herpesvirus genome.

22. The vector of item 21, wherein the non-essential region is selected from the group consisting of the following regions of HHV-7:

23. The vector of item 22, wherein the non-essential region is the region flanking the ORF of gene U24 of HHV-7, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U24a of HHV-7.

24. The vector of item 21, wherein the non-essential region is selected from the group consisting of the following regions of HHV-6:

25. The vector of item 24, wherein the non-essential region is the region flanking the ORF of gene U5 of HHV-6, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U8 of HHV-6.

26. The vector of item 19, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a recombinant protein dependent recombinant sequence.

27. The vector of item 21, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a selectable marker.

28. The vector of item 27, wherein the selectable marker is a drug selectable marker.

29. The vector of item 27, wherein the selectable marker is a gene encoding green fluorescent protein.

30. The vector of item 21, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a wild type strain.

31. The vector of item 21, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a mutant type strain.

32. The vector of item 21, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-7 KHR strain.

33. The vector of item 21, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-6A U1102 strain or HHV-6B HST strain.

34. The vector of item 21, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 401.

35. A cell comprising the vector of item 21.

36. The cell of item 35, wherein the cell is a bacterial cell.

37. The bacterial cell of item 36, wherein the bacterial cell isE. coli.

38. The cell of item 35, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell.

39. The mammalian cell of item 38, wherein the mammalian cell is derived from human.

40. A virus produced by the mammalian cell of item 38.

41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus of item 40.

42. The pharmaceutical composition of item 41, wherein the composition is in the form of vaccine.

43. A method to produce a recombinant herpesvirus, comprising:

introducing a vector comprising a herpesvirus genome essential gene and BAC vector sequence into a mammalian host cell; and

culturing the mammalian host cell to produce a recombinant herpesvirus.

44. The method of item 43, wherein the mammalian host cell is derived from human.

45. The method of item 43, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises at least two recombinant protein dependent recombinant sequences.

46. The method of item 45, further comprising a step of recombination between the two recombinant protein dependent recombinant sequences.

47. The method of item 43, wherein a portion where a sequence derived from the herpesvirus genome is linked to the BAC vector sequence is within a non-essential region of the herpesvirus genome.

48. The method of item 47, wherein the non-essential region is selected from the group consisting of the following regions of HHV-7:

49. The method of item 48, wherein the non-essential region is the region flanking the ORF of gene U24 of HHV-7, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U24a of HHV-7.

50. The method of item 47, wherein the non-essential region is selected from the group consisting of the following regions of HHV-6:

51. The method of item 50, wherein the non-essential region is the region flanking the ORF of gene U5 of HHV-6, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U8 of HHV-6.

52. The method of item 43, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a recombinant protein dependent recombinant sequence.

53. The method of item 43, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a selectable marker.

54. The method of item 53, wherein the selectable marker is a drug selectable marker.

55. The method of item 53, wherein the selectable marker is a gene encoding green fluorescent protein.

56. The method of item 43, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a wild type strain.

57. The method of item 43, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a mutant type strain.

58. The method of item 43, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-7 KHR strain.

59. The method of item 43, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-6A U1102 strain or HHV-6B HST strain.

60. The method of item 43, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 401.

61. A virus produced by the method of item 43.

62. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus of item 61.

63. The pharmaceutical composition of item 62, wherein the composition is in the form of vaccine.

64. A method to introduce a mutation into the vector of item 19, comprising:

introducing the vector into a bacterial host cell;

introducing a plasmid vector comprising a fragment consisting of a portion of herpesvirus genome into the bacterial host cell, wherein the fragment has at least one mutation;

culturing the bacterial host cell;

isolating a vector having BAC sequence from the cultured bacterial host cell.

65. A method to introduce a mutation into the vector of item 19, comprising:

introducing the vector into a bacterial host cell;

introducing a first plasmid vector comprising a first fragment consisting of a portion of herpesvirus genome into the bacterial host cell, wherein the first fragment has at least one mutation;

introducing a second plasmid vector comprising a second fragment consisting of a portion of herpesvirus genome into the bacterial host cell, wherein the second fragment has at least one mutation, and the first fragment is different from the second fragment;

culturing the bacterial host cell;

isolating a vector having BAC sequence from the cultured bacterial host cell.

66. A nucleic acid cassette comprising a first fragment which can recombine with herpesvirus genome in a bacterial cell, BAC vector sequence, and a second fragment which can recombine with herpesvirus genome in a bacterial cell,

wherein the both ends of the BAC sequence are linked to the first and the second fragment, respectively.

67. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are at least 1 kb.

68. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are at least 1.5 kb.

69. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are at least 2 kb.

70. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are at least 80% identical with a herpesvirus genome sequence.

71. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are at least 85% identical with a herpesvirus genome sequence.

72. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are at least 90% identical with a herpesvirus genome sequence.

73. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are at least 95% identical with a herpesvirus genome sequence.

74. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment are independently selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-7 genome:

75. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 80% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-7 genome:

76. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 85% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-7 genome:

77. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 90% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-7 genome:

78. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 95% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-7 genome:

79. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment are independently selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-6 genome:

80. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 80% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-6 genome:

81. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 85% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-6 genome:

82. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 90% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-6 genome:

83. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment is independently at least 95% identical with the region selected from the group consisting of the following regions of herpesvirus HHV-6 genome:

84. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the first fragment and the second fragment are derived from different regions.

85. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment are independently from the region flanking the ORF of gene U24 of HHV-7, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U24a of HHV-7.

86. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein each of the first fragment and the second fragment are independently from the region flanking the ORF of gene U5 of HHV-6, or the region flanking the ORF of gene U8 of HHV-6.

87. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a recombinant protein dependent recombinant sequence.

88. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises a selectable marker.

89. The nucleic acid cassette of item 88, wherein the selectable marker is drug selectable marker.

90. The nucleic acid cassette of item 88, wherein the selectable marker is a gene encoding green fluorescent protein.

91. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a wild type strain.

92. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from a mutant type strain.

93. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-7 KHR strain.

94. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the herpesvirus genome is derived from HHV-6A U1102 strain or HHV-6B HST strain.

95. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, wherein the BAC vector sequence comprises the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 401.

96. The nucleic acid cassette of item 66, having a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 1.

97. A pharmaceutical composition for prevention, treatment, or prognosis of HIV, comprising the recombinant herpesvirus of item 4.

98. A pharmaceutical composition for prevention of HIV, comprising the recombinant herpesvirus of item 4.

99. A pharmaceutical composition for prevention, treatment, or prognosis of HIV, comprising the recombinant herpesvirus of item 6.

100. A pharmaceutical composition for prevention of HIV, comprising the recombinant herpesvirus of item 6.

The present invention provides a recombinant herpesvirus, and a production method thereof. For example, the present invention provides a method for producing a recombinant herpesvirus from a single viral strain using a BAC (E. coliartificial chromosome), and a recombinant herpesvirus produced by the method. Further, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a recombinant herpesvirus.

Further, the present invention provides a vector comprising a herpes viral genomic gene and a BAC vector sequence, and a cell containing such a vector, and a nucleic acid cassette comprising a fragment capable of homologous recombination with a herpesvirus genome, and a BAC vector sequence.

Further, HHV-7 is known to have no adverse effect on healthy persons. Therefore, it is possible to select a protein, which is known to function as a vaccine, among various viral proteins, and incorporate it into recombinant HHV-7 in a manner such that the protein can be expressed. Thereby, a virus vaccine can be produced.

Further, a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention, treatment, and/or prognosis of HIV infection is provided, which comprises the recombinant HHV-7 and HHV-6 of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the insertion of a BAC vector into the HHV-7 genome.

FIG. 2 shows the expression of GFP introduced into host cells using the recombinant HHV-7 of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described. It should be understood throughout the present specification that expression of a singular form includes the concept of their plurality unless otherwise mentioned. It should be also understood that the terms as used herein have definitions typically used in the art unless otherwise mentioned. Thus, unless otherwise defined, all scientific and technical terms have the same meanings as those generally used by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertain. If there is contradiction, the present specification (including the definition) precedes.

(Definition of Terms)

The definitions of terms used herein are described below.

As used herein, the term “herpesvirus” includes all of HHV-6A, HHV-6B, and HHV-7, and both their wild-types and recombinant types unless otherwise mentioned. As used herein, the term “HHV-6” includes HHV-6A and HHV-6B, and both their wild-types and recombinant types unless otherwise mentioned.

As used herein, the term “essential gene” in relation to herpesvirus refers to a gene which is essential for the growth of the herpesvirus. Also, the term “non-essential gene” in relation to herpesvirus refers to a gene which is not essential for the growth of the herpesvirus, and in the absence of which the herpesvirus can grow.

(Human Herpesvirus 7; HHV-7)

Examples of non-essential genes of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) include, but are not limited to: gene H1, gene DR1, gene DR2, gene H2, gene DR6, gene DR7, gene H3, gene H4, gene U2, gene U3, gene U4, gene U5/7, gene U8, gene U10, gene U12, gene U13, gene U15, gene U16, gene U17Ex, gene U17, gene U17a, gene U18, gene U19, gene U20, gene U21, gene U23, gene U24, gene U24a, gene U25, gene U26, gene U28, gene U32, gene U33, gene U34, gene U35, gene U36, gene U37, gene U40, gene U42, gene U44, gene U45, gene U46, gene U47, gene U49, gene U50, gene U51, gene U52, gene U55A, gene U55B, gene U58, gene U59, gene U62, gene U63, gene U64, gene U65, gene U67, gene U68, gene U69, gene U70, gene U71, gene U75, gene U76, gene H5, gene U79, gene H6, gene U80, gene U81, gene U84, gene U85, gene U91, gene H7, gene U95, and gene H8.

When a gene in a viral genome is an essential gene, the virus cannot grow in the absence of the gene. Therefore, by deleting an arbitrary gene in a viral genome and detecting the growth of the virus, it is possible to determine whether the gene is an essential gene or a non-essential gene.

A region within the ORF of the above-described non-essential gene and/or a region flanking the ORF, can be used as a target for inserting a BAC vector. Examples of such a preferable target include, but are not limited to, a region within or flanking the ORF of gene U24, and a region within or flanking the ORF of gene U24a. A region flanking the ORF of gene U24 and a region flanking the ORF of gene U24a are more preferable.

As used herein, the term “wildstrain” in relation to herpesvirus refers to a herpesvirus strain which is not artificially modified and is isolated from the nature. An example of a wild strain includes, but is not limited to, strain JI. The nucleic acid sequence of strain JI is set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 1. The reading frame direction, the site on the genome, and the number of amino acid residues of a coded polypeptide of each ORF of strain JI are described below.


	Reading frame	Site on	Number of amino
ORF Name	direction	genome	acid residues

H1	5′→3′ direction	33 to 542	amino acid 1-170
DR1	5′→3′ direction	368 to 826	amino acid 1-153
DR2	5′→3′ direction	898 to 2100	amino acid 1-401
H2	5′→3′ direction	2267 to 2506	amino acid 1-80
DR6	5′→3′ direction	2562 to 3050	amino acid 1-163
DR7	5′→3′ direction	3122 to 3910	amino acid 1-263
H3	3′→5′ direction	3976 to 4224	amino acid 1-83
H4	3′→5′ direction	4449 to 4745	amino acid 1-99
U2	3′→5′ direction	6338 to 7417	amino acid 1-360
U3	3′→5′ direction	7578 to 8732	amino acid 1-385
U4	3′→5′ direction	8754 to 10382	amino acid 1-543
U5/7	3′→5′ direction	10407 to 13004	amino acid 1-866
U8	3′→5′ direction	13174 to 14262	amino acid 1-363
U10	5′→3′ direction	14608 to 15963	amino acid 1-452
U11	3′→5′ direction	15982 to 18249	amino acid 1-756
U12	5′→3′ direction	18396 to 19436	amino acid 1-347
U13	5′→3′ direction	19521 to 19817	amino acid 1-99
U14	5′→3′ direction	19885 to 21831	amino acid 1-649
U15	3′→5′ direction	22244 to 22564	amino acid 1-107
U17Ex	3′→5′ direction	22772 to 23547 and	amino acid 1-331
		23620 to 23836
U17	3′→5′ direction	23570 to 23836	amino acid 1-89
U17a	5′→3′ direction	24318 to 24587	amino acid 1-90
U18	3′→5′ direction	24713 to 25600	amino acid 1-296
U19	3′→5′ direction	25945 to 26922	amino acid 1-326
U20	3′→5′ direction	27036 to 28211	amino acid 1-392
U21	3′→5′ direction	28202 to 29494	amino acid 1-431
U23	3′→5′ direction	29903 to 30418	amino acid 1-172
U24	3′→5′ direction	30524 to 30772	amino acid 1-83
U24a	3′→5′ direction	30776 to 31129	amino acid 1-118
U25	3′→5′ direction	30936 to 31898	amino acid 1-321
U26	3′→5′ direction	31988 to 32869	amino acid 1-294
8	3′→5′ direction	34064 to 36484	amino acid 1-807
U29	3′→5′ direction	36487 to 37347	amino acid 1-287
U30U27	3′→5′ direction	32857 to 33951	amino acid 1-365
U2	5′→3′ direction	37362 to 40178	amino acid 1-939
U31	5′→3′ direction	40179 to 46358	amino acid 1-2060
U32	3′→5′ direction	46355 to 46627	amino acid 1-91
U33	3′→5′ direction	46608 to 48041	amino acid 1-478
U34	3′→5′ direction	47992 to 48768	amino acid 1-259
U35	3′→5′ direction	48805 to 49119	amino acid 1-105
U36	5′→3′ direction	49118 to 50575	amino acid 1-486
U37	5′→3′ direction	50577 to 51356	amino acid 1-260
U38	3′→5′ direction	51363 to 54401	amino acid 1-1013
U39	3′→5′ direction	54401 to 56869	amino acid 1-823
U40	3′→5′ direction	56832 to 58997	amino acid 1-722
U41	3′→5′ direction	59000 to 62395	amino acid 1-1132
U42	3′→5′ direction	62772 to 64352	amino acid 1-527
U43	3′→5′ direction	64501 to 67086	amino acid 1-862
U44	5′→3′ direction	67143 to 67754	amino acid 1-204
U45	3′→5′ direction	67759 to 68898	amino acid 1-380
U46	5′→3′ direction	68930 to 69190	amino acid 1-87
U47	3′→5′ direction	69638 to 70579	amino acid 1-314
U48	3′→5′ direction	70817 to 72889	amino acid 1-691
U49	5′→3′ direction	73003 to 73722	amino acid 1-240
U50	5′→3′ direction	73538 to 75202	amino acid 1-555
U51	5′→3′ direction	75304 to 76188	amino acid 1-295
U52	3′→5′ direction	76185 to 76949	amino acid 1-255
U53	5′→3′ direction	76957 to 78495	amino acid 1-513
U54	3′→5′ direction	78503 to 79870	amino acid 1-456
U55A	3′→5′ direction	79918 to 81201	amino acid 1-428
U55B	3′→5′ direction	81285 to 82577	amino acid 1-431
U56	3′→5′ direction	82630 to 83511	amino acid 1-294
U57	3′→5′ direction	83514 to 87551	amino acid 1-1346
U58	5′→3′ direction	87563 to 89890	amino acid 1-776
U59	5′→3′ direction	89838 to 90881	amino acid 1-348
U60-U66	3′→5′ direction	90878 to 92005 and	amino acid 1-664
		95122 to 95985
U62	5′→3′ direction	92017 to 92244	amino acid 1-76
U63	5′→3′ direction	92216 to 92851	amino acid 1-212
U64	5′→3′ direction	92829 to 94148	amino acid 1-440
U65	5′→3′ direction	94111 to 95103	amino acid 1-331
U67	5′→3′ direction	95984 to 97024	amino acid 1-347
U68	5′→3′ direction	97024 to 97368	amino acid 1-115
U69	5′→3′ direction	97371 to 99011	amino acid 1-547
U70	5′→3′ direction	99013 to 100455	amino acid 1-481
U71	5′→3′ direction	100392 to 100613	amino acid 1-74
U72	3′→5′ direction	100636 to 101676	amino acid 1-347
U73	5′→3′ direction	101693 to 104056	amino acid 1-788
U74	5′→3′ direction	104007 to 105986	amino acid 1-660
U75	3′→5′ direction	105973 to 106743	amino acid 1-257
U76	3′→5′ direction	106667 to 108589	amino acid 1-641
U77	5′→3′ direction	108435 to 110897	amino acid 1-821
H5	5′→3′ direction	112811 to 113311	amino acid 1-167
U79	5′→3′ direction	113502 to 114203	amino acid 1-234
H6	5′→3′ direction	114257 to 114505	amino acid 1-83
U80	5′→3′ direction	114557 to 115189	amino acid 1-211
U81	3′→5′ direction	115184 to 115948	amino acid 1-255
U82	3′→5′ direction	116038 to 116778	amino acid 1-247
U84	3′→5′ direction	117111 to 118043	amino acid 1-311
U85	3′→5′ direction	118071 to 118913	amino acid 1-281
U86	3′→5′ direction	119091 to 122708	amino acid 1-1206
U89	3′→5′ direction	125420 to 128668	amino acid 1-1083
U90	3′→5′ direction	128776 to 129051	amino acid 1-92
U91	5′→3′ direction	129122 to 129625	amino acid 1-168
H7	5′→3′ direction	130829 to 132112	amino acid 1-428
U95	5′→3′ direction	133382 to 136204	amino acid 1-941
H8	3′→5′ direction	136307 to 136579	amino acid 1-91
U98	3′→5′ direction	137945 to 138451	amino acid 1-169
U99	3′→5′ direction	138375 to 138692	amino acid 1-106
U100	3′→5′ direction	138751 to 138999	amino acid 1-83
H1′	5′→3′ direction	139080 to 139589	amino acid 1-170
DR1′	5′→3′ direction	139415 to 139873	amino acid 1-153
DR2′	5′→3′ direction	139945 to 141147	amino acid 1-401
H2′	5′→3′ direction	141314 to 141553	amino acid 1-80
DR6′	5′→3′ direction	141609 to 142097	amino acid 1-163
DR7′	5′→3′ direction	142169 to 142957	amino acid 1-263
H3′	3′→5′ direction	143023 to 143271	amino acid 1-83
H4′	3′→5′ direction	143496 to 143792	amino acid 1-99.

In the above-described table, “5′→3′ direction” indicates that the ORF has the same direction as that of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1. “3′→5′ direction” indicates that the ORF has a reverse direction with respect to that of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 1. By identifying a sequence homologous to the nucleic acid sequence and/or the amino acid sequence of the ORF, those skilled in the art can easily identify the ORF in the genome of a strain other than strain JI.

Features of a gene product coded by each ORF in the HHV-7 genome are described in Tables 1 to 3 below.

TABLE 1

Non-essential genes of HHV-7

	Amino acid
ORF	residue length	Features

H1	169	—
DR1	152	US22 gene family, DR1/6 homolog
DR2	400	US22 gene family
H2	79	—
DR6	161	US22 gene family, DR1/6 homolog
DR7	262	US22 gene family, transcription
		activating agent
H3	82	—
H4	98	—
U2	359	US22 gene family
U3	384	US22 gene family
U4	542	—
U5/7	865	US22 gene family
U8	362	US22 gene family
U10	451	—
U12	346	GCR homolog, chemokine receptor
U13	98
U15	106
U16	264	IE-B transcription activating agent
		(spliced into U17)
U17Ex	72	IE-B transcription activating agent
		(spliced into U16)
U17	88
U17a	89
U18	295	IE-B, HCMV IE glycoprotein homolog
U19	325	IE-B
U20	391	Ig gene family?
U21	430	glycoprotein
U23	171	glycoprotein, EHV-1 gJ homolog
U24	82	glycoprotein
U24a	117
U25	320	US22 gene family, transcription
		activating agent
U26	293
U28	806	ribonucleotide reductase (large
		subunit)
U32	90
U33	477	virion protein
U34	258	virion protein?
U35	104
U36	485	considered to be virion protein
U37	259
U40	721	transport protein
U42	526	transcription activating agent
U44	203
U45	379	dUTPase
U46	86
U47	313
U49	239	fusion protein
U50	554	virion protein
U51	294	GCR, opioid homolog
U52	254
U55A	427	replication function?
U55B	430	replication function?
U58	775
U59	347
U62	75
U63	211
U64	439
U65	330
U67	346
U68	114
U69	546	phosphotransferase
U70	480	alkali exonuclease
U71	73
U75	256
U76	640	virion protein?
H5	166
U79	233	HCMV replication, spliced (UL112/113)
H6	82	homolog of C-terminus of U79 of HHV-6
U80	210	HCMV replication, spliced (UL112/113)
U81	254	uracil-DNA glycosylase
U84	310	splised in HCMV
U85	280	homolog of OX-2 glycoprotein
U91	167
H7	427	DraI repeat
U95	940	MCMV IE2 homolog, US22 gene family
H8	90

TABLE 2

HHV-7 genes involved in viral replication

	Amino acid
ORF	residue length	Features

U27	364	polymerase promoting agent
U38	1,012	DNA polymerase
U41	1,131	single stranded DNA-binding protein
U43	861	primase
U73	787	origin binding protein (OBP)
U74	659	helicase/primase complex
U77	820	helicase
U86	1,205	homology to IE-A, HCMV IE2
U89	1,082	IE-A transcription activating agent
U90	91	exon in IE-A, HHV-6

TABLE 3

HHV-7 genes involved in formation of viral particle

	Amino acid
ORF	residue length	Features

U11	755	structural phophorylated protein
U14	648	HCMV UL25/35 gene family
U29	286	minor capsid protein (mCP)
U30	938	capsid assembly, myosin
		agent involved in association and
		formation of capsid (part of viral
		particle)
U31	2,059	large tegument protein
U39	822	glycoprotein B (gB)
U48	690	glycoprotein H (gH)
U53	512	protease/assembly protein
U54	455	tegument protein, transcription
		activating agent
U56	293	capsid protein
U57	1,345	major capsid protein (MCP)
U60	394	spliced in later phase (U60/66)
		protein involved in DNA packaging
U66	309	spliced in later phase (U60/66)
		protein involved in DNA packaging
U72	346	intramembranous protein (gM)
U82	246	glycoprotein L (gL)
U98	168	protein homologous to HHV-6 gQ
U99	105	protein homologous to HHV-6 gQ
U100	82	protein homologous to HHV-6 gQ

(Human Herpesvirus 6A; HHV-6A)

Examples of non-essential genes of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6A) include, but are not limited to, gene LT1, gene DR1, gene DR2, gene DR3, gene DR4, gene DR5, gene DR6, gene DRHN1, gene DR7, gene DRHN2, gene DR8, gene LJ1, gene U1, gene U2, gene U3, gene U4, gene U5, gene U6, gene U7, gene U8, gene U9, gene U10, gene U12EX, gene U12, gene U13, gene U15, gene U16, gene U17, gene U18, gene U19, gene U20, gene U21, gene U22, gene U23, gene U24, gene U25, gene U26, gene U28, gene U32, gene U33, gene U34, gene U35, gene U36, gene U37, gene U40, gene U42, gene U44, gene U45, gene U46, gene U47, gene U49, gene U50, gene U51, gene U52, gene U55, gene U58, gene U59, gene U61, gene U62, gene U63, gene U64, gene U65, gene U67, gene U68, gene U69, gene U70, gene U71, gene U75, gene U76, gene U78, gene U79, gene U80, gene U81, gene U83, gene U84, gene U85, gene U88, gene U91, gene U92, gene U93, gene HN2, gene U94, gene U95, and gene U96.

A region within the ORF of the above-described non-essential gene and/or a region flanking the ORF, can be used as a target for inserting a BAC vector. Examples of such a preferable target include, but are not limited to, a region within or flanking the ORF of gene U5, and a region within or flanking the ORF of gene U8. A region flanking the ORF of gene U5 and a region flanking the ORF of gene U8 are more preferable.

As used herein, the term “wild strain” in relation to HHV-6A refers to a HHV-6A strain which is not artificially modified and is isolated from the mature. An example of a wild strain includes, but is not limited to, strain U1102. The nucleic acid sequence of strain U1102 is set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 128. The reading frame direction, the site on the genome, and the number of amino acid residues of a coded polypeptide of each ORF of strain U1102 are described below.


ORF	Reading frame	Site on	Number of amino
Name	direction	genome	acid residues

LT1	3′→5′ direction	1 to 338	amino acid 1-113
DR1	5′→3′ direction	501 to 794	amino acid 1-98
DR2	5′→3′ direction	791 to 2653	amino acid 1-621
DR3	3′→5′ direction	2401 to 2979	amino acid 1-193
DR4	5′→3′ direction	2746 to 3048	amino acid 1-101
DR5	3′→5′ direction	3734 to 4171	amino acid 1-146
DR6	5′→3′ direction	4725 to 5036	amino acid 1-104
DR7	5′→3′ direction	5629 to 6720	amino acid 1-364
DR8	5′→3′ direction	7237 to 7569	amino acid 1-111
LJ1	3′→5′ direction	7467 to 8432	amino acid 1-322
U1	5′→3′ direction	8245 to 8616	amino acid 1-124
U2	3′→5′ direction	8716 to 9816	amino acid 1-367
U3	3′→5′ direction	10155 to 11276	amino acid 1-374
U4	3′→5′ direction	11485 to 13092	amino acid 1-536
U5	3′→5′ direction	13214 to 14548	amino acid 1-445
U6	5′→3′ direction	14619 to 14867	amino acid 1-83
U7	3′→5′ direction	14908 to 15936	amino acid 1-343
U8	3′→5′ direction	16021 to 17091	amino acid 1-357
U9	3′→5′ direction	17238 to 17552	amino acid 1-105
U10	5′→3′ direction	17604 to 18914	amino acid 1-437
U11	3′→5′ direction	18966 to 21578	amino acid 1-871
U12 exon	5′→3′ direction	21680 to 21710 and	amino acid 1-348
1-2		21800 to 22812
U12	5′→3′ direction	21856 to 22812	amino acid 1-319
U13	5′→3′ direction	22898 to 23218	amino acid 1-107
U14	5′→3′ direction	23316 to 25145	amino acid 1-610
U15	3′→5′ direction	25660 to 25992	amino acid 1-111
U16 exon	3′→5′ direction	26259 to 27034 and	amino acid 1-313
1-2		27187 to 27349
U16	3′→5′ direction	26259 to 27116	amino acid 1-286
U17	3′→5′ direction	26948 to 27349	amino acid 1-134
U18	3′→5′ direction	28508 to 29389	amino acid 1-294
U19	3′→5′ direction	29649 to 30818	amino acid 1-390
U20	3′→5′ direction	31069 to 32337	amino acid 1-423
U21	3′→5′ direction	32340 to 33641	amino acid 1-434
U22	3′→5′ direction	33739 to 34347	amino acid 1-203
U23	3′→5′ direction	34375 to 35085	amino acid 1-237
U24	3′→5′ direction	35392 to 35655	amino acid 1-88
	3′→5′ direction	35674 to 35847	amino acid 1-58
U25	3′→5′ direction	35864 to 36814	amino acid 1-317
U26	3′→5′ direction	36922 to 37809	amino acid 1-296
U27	3′→5′ direction	37797 to 38978	amino acid 1-394
U28	3′→5′ direction	39020 to 41434	amino acid 1-805
U29	3′→5′ direction	41457 to 42356	amino acid 1-300
U30	5′→3′ direction	41884 to 45132	amino acid 1-1083
U31	5′→3′ direction	45150 to 51383	amino acid 1-2078
U32	3′→5′ direction	51455 to 51721	amino acid 1-89
U33	3′→5′ direction	51723 to 53135	amino acid 1-471
U34	3′→5′ direction	53086 to 53916	amino acid 1-277
U35	3′→5′ direction	53933 to 54253	amino acid 1-107
U36	5′→3′ direction	54252 to 55706	amino acid 1-485
U37	5′→3′ direction	55710 to 56504	amino acid 1-265
U38	3′→5′ direction	56550 to 59588	amino acid 1-1013
U39	3′→5′ direction	59588 to 62080	amino acid 1-831
U40	3′→5′ direction	62034 to 64214	amino acid 1-727
U41	3′→5′ direction	64222 to 67620	amino acid 1-1133
U42	3′→5′ direction	69054 to 70598	amino acid 1-515
U43	3′→5′ direction	70823 to 73405	amino acid 1-861
U44	5′→3′ direction	73446 to 74087	amino acid 1-214
U45	3′→5′ direction	74088 to 75218	amino acid 1-377
U46	5′→3′ direction	75291 to 75545	amino acid 1-85
U47	3′→5′ direction	75912 to 77867	amino acid 1-652
U48	3′→5′ direction	78034 to 80118	amino acid 1-695
U49	5′→3′ direction	80277 to 81035	amino acid 1-253
U50	5′→3′ direction	80812 to 82479	amino acid 1-556
U51	5′→3′ direction	82574 to 83479	amino acid 1-302
U52	3′→5′ direction	83498 to 84274	amino acid 1-259
U53	5′→3′ direction	84281 to 85867	amino acid 1-529
U54	3′→5′ direction	86051 to 87427	amino acid 1-459
U55	3′→5′ direction	87505 to 88803	amino acid 1-433
U56	3′→5′ direction	88983 to 89873	amino acid 1-297
U57	3′→5′ direction	89875 to 93912	amino acid 1-1346
U58	5′→3′ direction	93924 to 96242	amino acid 1-773
U59	5′→3′ direction	96239 to 97291	amino acid 1-351
U60	3′→5′ direction	97288 to 98256	amino acid 1-323
U61	3′→5′ direction	98231 to 98578	amino acid 1-116
U62	5′→3′ direction	98427 to 98684	amino acid 1-86
U63	5′→3′ direction	98632 to 99282	amino acid 1-217
U64	5′→3′ direction	99260 to 100588	amino acid 1-443
U65	5′→3′ direction	100545 to 101552	amino acid 1-336
U66	3′→5′ direction	101569 to 102486	amino acid 1-306
U67	5′→3′ direction	102458 to 103519	amino acid 1-354
U68	5′→3′ direction	103519 to 103863	amino acid 1-115
U69	5′→3′ direction	103866 to 105554	amino acid 1-563
U70	5′→3′ direction	105562 to 107028	amino acid 1-489
U71	5′→3′ direction	106965 to 107198	amino acid 1-78
U72	3′→5′ direction	107278 to 108312	amino acid 1-345
U73	5′→3′ direction	108325 to 110667	amino acid 1-781
U74	5′→3′ direction	110636 to 112624	amino acid 1-663
U75	3′→5′ direction	112659 to 113408	amino acid 1-250
U76	3′→5′ direction	113317 to 115305	amino acid 1-663
U77	5′→3′ direction	115100 to 117574	amino acid 1-825
U78	3′→5′ direction	118709 to 119038	amino acid 1-110
U79	5′→3′ direction	120164 to 121198	amino acid 1-345
U80	5′→3′ direction	121170 to 121766	amino acid 1-199
U81	3′→5′ direction	121810 to 122577	amino acid 1-256
U82	3′→5′ direction	122653 to 123405	amino acid 1-251
U83	5′→3′ direction	123528 to 123821	amino acid 1-98
U84	3′→5′ direction	123925 to 124953	amino acid 1-343
U85	3′→5′ direction	124981 to 125853	amino acid 1-291
U86	3′→5′ direction	125989 to 128136	amino acid 1-716
U87	3′→5′ direction	127551 to 130043	amino acid 1-831
U88	5′→3′ direction	131034 to 132275	amino acid 1-414
U89	3′→5′ direction	133091 to 135610	amino acid 1-840
U90	3′→5′ direction	135664 to 135948	amino acid 1-95
Putative	5′→3′ direction	136266 to 136481	amino acid 1-72
protein U90
U91	5′→3′ direction	136485 to 136829	amino acid 1-115
U92	3′→5′ direction	138049 to 138492	amino acid 1-148
U93	3′→5′ direction	138531 to 139124	amino acid 1-198
U94	3′→5′ direction	141394 to 142866	amino acid 1-491
U95	5′→3′ direction	142941 to 146306	amino acid 1-1122
U96	3′→5′ direction	146641 to 146940	amino acid 1-100
U97	3′→5′ direction	147808 to 148077	amino acid 1-90
U98	3′→5′ direction	148741 to 149391	amino acid 1-217
U99	3′→5′ direction	149485 to 149766	amino acid 1-94
U100	3′→5′ direction	149868 to 150437	amino acid 1-190
RJ1	3′→5′ direction	151140 to 151571	amino acid 1-144
DR1	5′→3′ direction	151734 to 152027	amino acid 1-98
DR2	5′→3′ direction	152024 to 153886	amino acid 1-621
DR3	3′→5′ direction	153634 to 154212	amino acid 1-193
DR4	5′→3′ direction	153979 to 154281	amino acid 1-101
DR5	3′→5′ direction	154967 to 155404	amino acid 1-146
DR6	5′→3′ direction	155958 to 156269	amino acid 1-104
DR7	5′→3′ direction	156862 to 157953	amino acid 1-364
DR8	5′→3′ direction	158470 to 158802	amino acid 1-111.

In the above-described table, “5′→3′ direction” indicates that the ORF has the same direction as that of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 128. “3′→5′ direction” indicates that the ORF has a reverse direction with respect to that of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 128. By identifying a sequence homologous to the nucleic acid sequence and/or the amino acid sequence of the ORF, those skilled in the art can easily identify the ORF in the genome of a strain other than strain U1102.

As used herein, the term “mutant strain” refers to a herpesvirus strain which has a mutation due to mutagenesis, multiple subculturings or the like. Mutagenesis of a herpesvirus strain may be either random mutagenesis or site-specific mutagenesis.

(Human Herpesvirus 6B; HHV-6B)

Examples of non-essential genes which are considered to be of HHV-6B having substantially the same genome structure as that of HHV-6A, include, but are not limited to: gene LT1, gene DR1, gene DR2, gene DR3, gene DR4, gene DR5, gene DR6, gene DRHN1, gene DR7, gene DRHN2, gene DR8, gene LJ1, gene U1, gene U2, gene U3, gene U4, gene U5, gene U6, gene U7, gene U8, gene U9, gene U10, gene U12EX, gene U12, gene U13, gene U15, gene U16, gene U17, gene U18, gene U19, gene U20, gene U21, gene U22, gene U23, gene U24, gene U25, gene U26, gene U28, gene U32, gene U33, gene U34, gene U35, gene U36, gene U37, gene U40, gene U42, gene U44, gene U45, gene U46, gene U47, gene U49, gene U50, gene U51, gene U52, gene U55, gene U58, gene U59, gene U61, gene U62, gene U63, gene U64, gene U65, gene U67, gene U68, gene U69, gene U70, gene U71, gene U75, gene U76, gene U78, gene U79, gene U80, gene U81, gene U83, gene U84, gene U85, gene U88, gene U91, gene U92, gene U93, gene HN2, gene U94, gene U95, and gene U96.

As used herein, the term “wild strain” in relation to HHV-6B refers to a HHV-6B strain which is not artificially modified and is isolated from the nature. An sample of a wild strain includes, but is not limited to, strain HST. The nucleic acid sequence of strain HST is set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 272. The reading frame direction, the site on the genome, and the number of amino acid residues of a coded polypeptide of each ORF of strain HST are described below.


ORF	Reading frame	Site on	Number of amino
Name	direction	genome	acid residues

LT1	3′→5′ direction	18 to 365	amino acid 1-116
DR1	5′→3′ direction	576 to 842	amino acid 1-89
DR2	5′→3′ direction	1027 to 2970	amino acid 1-648
DR3	3′→5′ direction	2718 to 3320	amino acid 1-201
DRHN1	3′→5′ direction	5023 to 5532	amino acid 1-170
DR6	5′→3′ direction	5025 to 5336	amino acid 1-104
DR7	5′→3′ direction	6512 to 7150	amino acid 1-213
DRHN2	3′→5′ direction	7236 to 7706	amino acid 1-157
D	5′→3′ direction	7928 to 8662	amino acid 1-245
LJ1	3′→5′ direction	8292 to 8807	amino acid 1-172
U1	5′→3′ direction	8929 to 9384	amino acid 1-152
U2	3′→5′ direction	9467 to 10768	amino acid 1-434
U3	3′→5′ direction	10891 to 12051	amino acid 1-387
U4	3′→5′ direction	12276 to 13883	amino acid 1-536
U5	3′→5′ direction	14002 to 15333	amino acid 1-444
U6	5′→3′ direction	15395 to 15652	amino acid 1-86
U7	3′→5′ direction	15678 to 16802	amino acid 1-375
U8	3′→5′ direction	16806 to 18041	amino acid 1-412
U9	3′→5′ direction	18022 to 18336	amino acid 1-105
U10	5′→3′ direction	18386 to 19897	amino acid 1-504
U11	3′→5′ direction	19801 to 22377	amino acid 1-859
U12	5′→3′ direction	22479 to 22511 and	amino acid 1-354
		22589 to 23617
U13	5′→3′ direction	23699 to 24022	amino acid 1-108
U14	5′→3′ direction	24136 to 25953	amino acid 1-606
U15	3′→5′ direction	26559 to 26891	amino acid 1-111
U16	3′→5′ direction	27172 to 27603	amino acid 1-144
U17	3′→5′ direction	28003 to 28263	amino acid 1-87
U18	3′→5′ direction	29443 to 30327	amino acid 1-295
U19	3′→5′ direction	30592 to 31761	amino acid 1-390
U20	3′→5′ direction	31984 to 33288	amino acid 1-435
U21	3′→5′ direction	33291 to 34793	amino acid 1-501
U22	3′→5′ direction	34690 to 35298	amino acid 1-203
U23	3′→5′ direction	35326 to 36225	amino acid 1-300
U24	3′→5′ direction	36350 to 36616	amino acid 1-89
U25	3′→5′ direction	36825 to 37775	amino acid 1-317
U26	3′→5′ direction	37883 to 38770	amino acid 1-296
U27	3′→5′ direction	38758 to 39933	amino acid 1-392
U28	3′→5′ direction	39975 to 42389	amino acid 1-805
U29	3′→5′ direction	42412 to 43311	amino acid 1-300
U30	5′→3′ direction	42839 to 46087	amino acid 1-1083
U31	5′→3′ direction	46105 to 52338	amino acid 1-2078
U32	3′→5′ direction	52412 to 52681	amino acid 1-90
U33	3′→5′ direction	52683 to 54095	amino acid 1-471
U34	3′→5′ direction	54046 to 54876	amino acid 1-277
U35	3′→5′ direction	54893 to 55210	amino acid 1-106
U36	5′→3′ direction	55212 to 56660	amino acid 1-483
U37	5′→3′ direction	56664 to 57458	amino acid 1-265
U38	3′→5′ direction	57504 to 60542	amino acid 1-1013
U39	3′→5′ direction	60542 to 63034	amino acid 1-831
U40	3′→5′ direction	62988 to 65168	amino acid 1-727
U41	3′→5′ direction	65176 to 68574	amino acid 1-1133
U42	3′→5′ direction	69937 to 71487	amino acid 1-517
U43	3′→5′ direction	71712 to 74294	amino acid 1-861
U44	5′→3′ direction	74335 to 75030	amino acid 1-232
U45	3′→5′ direction	74977 to 76107	amino acid 1-377
U46	5′→3′ direction	76180 to 76434	amino acid 1-85
U47	3′→5′ direction	76617 to 78833	amino acid 1-739
U48	3′→5′ direction	79099 to 81183	amino acid 1-695
U49	5′→3′ direction	81342 to 82100	amino acid 1-253
U50	5′→3′ direction	81877 to 83544	amino acid 1-556
U51	5′→3′ direction	83642 to 84547	amino acid 1-302
U52	3′→5′ direction	84744 to 85343	amino acid 1-200
U53	5′→3′ direction	85350 to 86936	amino acid 1-529
U54	3′→5′ direction	87171 to 88550	amino acid 1-460
U55	3′→5′ direction	88628 to 90106	amino acid 1-493
U56	3′→5′ direction	90107 to 90997	amino acid 1-297
U57	3′→5′ direction	90999 to 95036	amino acid 1-1346
U58	5′→3′ direction	95048 to 97366	amino acid 1-773
U59	5′→3′ direction	97375 to 98415	amino acid 1-347
U60	3′→5′ direction	98412 to 99380	amino acid 1-323
U61	3′→5′ direction	99355 to 99867	amino acid 1-171
U62	5′→3′ direction	99551 to 99814	amino acid 1-88
U63	5′→3′ direction	99756 to 100412	amino acid 1-219
U64	5′→3′ direction	100390 to 101718	amino acid 1-443
U65	5′→3′ direction	101675 to 102682	amino acid 1-336
U66	3′→5′ direction	102702 to 103619	amino acid 1-306
U67	5′→3′ direction	103591 to 104652	amino acid 1-354
U68	5′→3′ direction	104652 to 104996	amino acid 1-115
U69	5′→3′ direction	104999 to 106690	amino acid 1-564
U70	5′→3′ direction	106698 to 108164	amino acid 1-489
U71	5′→3′ direction	108101 to 108346	amino acid 1-82
U72	3′→5′ direction	108428 to 109462	amino acid 1-345
U73	5′→3′ direction	109475 to 111817	amino acid 1-781
U74	5′→3′ direction	111786 to 113774	amino acid 1-663
U75	3′→5′ direction	113379 to 113756	amino acid 1-126
U76	3′→5′ direction	114467 to 116455	amino acid 1-663
U77	5′→3′ direction	116250 to 118724	amino acid 1-825
U79	5′→3′ direction	121322 to 122359	amino acid 1-346
U80	5′→3′ direction	122640 to 122942	amino acid 1-101
U81	3′→5′ direction	122986 to 123753	amino acid 1-256
U82	3′→5′ direction	123829 to 124581	amino acid 1-251
U83	5′→3′ direction	124657 to 124998	amino acid 1-114
U84	3′→5′ direction	125104 to 126132	amino acid 1-343
U85	3′→5′ direction	126160 to 127038	amino acid 1-293
U86	3′→5′ direction	127176 to 131717	amino acid 1-1514
U89	3′→5′ direction	134808 to 137684	amino acid 1-959
U90	3′→5′ direction	137810 to 138085	amino acid 1-92
U91	5′→3′ direction	138630 to 138974	amino acid 1-115
HN1	3′→5′ direction	141543 to 142355	amino acid 1-271
U94	3′→5′ direction	142683 to 144155	amino acid 1-491
U95	5′→3′ direction	144230 to 147868	amino acid 1-1213
U97	3′→5′ direction	149352 to 149651	amino acid 1-100
HN2	3′→5′ direction	149749 to 149913	amino acid 1-55
U98	3′→5′ direction	150376 to 150870	amino acid 1-165
U99	3′→5′ direction	151115 to 151396	amino acid 1-94
U100	3′→5′ direction	151529 to 151918	amino acid 1-130
RJ1	3′→5′ direction	153060 to 153407	amino acid 1-116
DR1R	5′→3′ direction	153618 to 153884	amino acid 1-89
DR2R	5′→3′ direction	154069 to 156012	amino acid 1-648
DR3R	3′→5′ direction	155760 to 156362	amino acid 1-201
DRHN1R	3′→5′ direction	158065 to 158574	amino acid 1-170
DR6R	5′→3′ direction	158067 to 158378	amino acid 1-104
DR7R	5′→3′ direction	159554 to 160192	amino acid 1-213
DRHN2R	3′→5′ direction	160278 to 160748	amino acid 1-157.

In the above-described table, “5′→3′ direction” indicates that the ORF has the same direction as that of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 272. “3′→5′ direction” indicates that the ORF has a reverse direction with respect to that of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO.: 272. By identifying a sequence homologous to the nucleic acid sequence and/or the amino acid sequence of the ORF, those skilled in the art can easily identify the ORF in the genome of a strain other than strain HST.

(Proteins Coded ORF's of HHV-6A and HHV-6B)

Features of a gene product coded by each ORF in the HHV-6A and HHV-6B genome are described in Tables 4 to 6 below. In the tables, the amino acid residue length of each ORF in strain U1102 of HHV-6A and strain HST of HHV-6B is indicated.

TABLE 4

Non-essential gene of HHV-6

	Amino acid residue
ORF	length U1102/HST	Features

LT1	112/115
DR1	97/88	US22 gene family
DR2	620/647	US22 gene family
DR3	192/200
DR4	100/_—
DR5	145/_—
DR6	103/103	US22 gene family
DRHN1	_/169
DR7	363/212	US22 gene family,
		transcription activating agent
DRHN2	_/156
DR8	110/244
LJ1	321/172
U1	123/151
U2	366/433	US22 gene family
U3	373/386	US22 gene family
U4	535/535
U5	444/443
U6	82/85
U7	342/374	US22 gene family
U8	356/411	US22 gene family
U9	104/104
U10	436/503
U12EX	347/353	U12 exon 1
U12	318/305	U12 exon 2, CC-chemokine
		receptor
U13	106/107
U15	110/110
U16	143/143	IE-B, transcription activating
		agent, US22 gene family
U17	133/86	IE-B
U18	293/294	homologous to IE-B, HCMV IE
		glycoprotein
U19	389/389	IE-B
U20	422/434	glycoprotein, Ig-chain C
		domain
U21	433/500	glycoprotein
U22	202/202	glycoprotein
U23	236/299	glycoprotein
U24	87/88
U25	316/316	US22 gene family,
		transcription activating agent
U26	295/295
U28	804/804	ribonucleotide reductase
		(large subunit)
U32	88/89
U33	470/470	capsid protein
U34	276/276	possible virion protein
U35	106/106
U36	484/481	possible virion protein
U37	264/264
U40	726/726	transport protein
U42	514/516	transcription activating agent
U44	213/231
U45	376/376	dUTPase
U46	84/84
U47	651/738
U49	252/252	fusion protein
U50	555/555	virion protein
U51	301/301	GCR, homolog of opioid
U52	258/258
U55	432/492
U58	772/772
U59	350/350
U61	115/170
U62	85/87
U63	216/218
U64	442/442
U65	335/335
U67	353/353
U68	114/114
U69	562/563	Ganciclovir kinase,
		conserved phosphotransferase
U70	488/488	alkali exonuclease
U71	77/81
U75	249/249
U76	662/662
U78	109/_—
U79	344/345	HCMV replication, spliced
		(UL112/113)
U80	198/203	HCMV replication, spliced
		(UL112/113)
U81	255/255	uracil-DNA glycosylase
U83	97/113	chemokine
U84	342/342	spliced in HCMV
U85	290/292	homologous to OX-2
		glycoprotein
U88	413/_—
U91	114/114
U92	147/_—
U93	197/_—
HN2	_/270
U94	490/490	provirus replication,
		transcription activation
U95	1,121/1,197	MCMV IE2 homolog, US22 gene
		family
U96	99/_—

TABLE 5

HHV-6 genes involved in viral replication

	Amino acid residue
ORF	lengthU1102/HST	Features

U27	393/391	DNA polymerase promoting
		agent
U38	1,012/1,012	DNA polymerase
U41	1,132/1,132	single stranded DNA-binding
		protein
U43	860/860	helicase/primase complex
U73	780/780	origin binding protein (OBP)
U74	662/662	helicase/primase complex
U77	824/824	helicase/primase complex
U86	1,351/1,513	homology to IE-A, HCMV IE2
U89	839/958	IE-A, transcription
		activating agent
U90	94/89	exon in IE-A
HN1	_/32	exon in IE-A

TABLE 6

HHV-6 genes involved in formation of viral particle

	Amino acid residue
ORF	lengthU1102/HST	Features

U11	370/858	pp100, major antigenic
		structural protein
U14	609/610	HCMV UL25/35 gene family
U29	299/299	minor capsid protein (mCP)
U30	1,082/1,082	capsid assembly, myosin (agent
		involeved in association and
		formation of capsid (part of
		viral particle)
U31	2,077/2,077	large tegument protein
U39	830/830	glycoprotein B (gB)
U48	694/694	glycoprotein H (gH)
U53	528/528	protease/assembly protein
U54	458/459	tegument protein, transcription
		activating agent
U56	296/296	capsid protein
U57	1,345/1,345	major capsid protein (MCP)
U60	322/322	spliced in later phase (U60/66)
		protein involved in DNA
		packaging
U66	305/305	spliced in later phase (U60/66)
		protein involved in DNA
		packaging
U72	344/344	intramembranous protein (gM)
U82	250/250	glycoprotein L (gL)
U97	89/99	glycoprotein Q (gQ) exon
HN3	_/55	gQ exon
U98	216/164	gQ exon
U99	93/93	gQ exon
U100	189/129	gQ exon

As used herein, the term “wildstrain” in relation to herpesvirus refers to a herpesvirus strain which is not artificially modified and is isolated from the nature.

The terms “protein”, “polypeptide”, “oligopeptide” and “peptide” as used herein have the same meaning and refer to an amino acid polymer having any length.

The terms “polynucleotide”, “oligonucleotide”, and “nucleic acid” as used herein have the same meaning and refer to a nucleotide polymer having any length. Unless otherwise indicated, a particular nucleic acid sequence also implicitly encompasses conservatively-modified variants thereof (e.g. degenerate codon substitutions) and complementary sequences as well as the sequence explicitly indicated. Specifically, degenerate codon substitutions may be produced by generating sequences in which the third position of one or more selected (or all) codons is substituted with mixed-base and/or deoxyinosine residues (Batzer et al., Nucleic Acid Res. 19:5081 (1991); Ohtsuka et al., J. Biol. Chem. 260:2605-2608 (1985); Rossolini et al., Mol. Cell. Probes 8:91-98 (1994)).

As used herein, the term “gene” refers to an element defining a genetic trait. A gene is typically arranged in a given sequence on a chromosome. A gene which defines the primary structure of a protein is called a structural gene. A gene which regulates the expression of a structural gene is called a regulatory gene. As used herein, “gene” may refer to “polynucleotide”, “oligonucleotide”, “nucleic acid”, and “nucleic acid molecule” and/or “protein”, “polypeptide”, “oligopeptide” and “peptide”. As used herein, the term “open reading frame” or “ORF” in relation to a gene, refers to a reading frame which is one of three frames obtained by sectioning the base sequence of a gene at intervals of three bases, and has a start codon and a certain length without a stop codon appearing partway, and has the possibility of actually coding a protein. The entire base sequence of the genome of herpesvirus has been determined, identifying at least 101 genes. Each of the genes is known to have an open reading frame (ORF).

As used herein, the term “region within an ORF” in relation to a gene in a herpesvirus genome, refers to a region in which there are bases constituting the ORF in the gene within the herpesvirus genome.

As used herein, the term “region flanking an ORF” in relation to a gene in a herpesvirus genome, refers to a region in which there are bases existing in the vicinity of the ORF in the gene within the herpesvirus genome, and which does not correspond to a region within the ORF of the gene or other genes.

As used herein, the term “homology” of a gene refers to the proportion of identity between two or more gene sequences. Therefore, the greater the homology between two given genes, the greater the identity or similarity between their sequences. Whether or not two genes have homology is determined by comparing their sequences directly or by a hybridization method under stringent conditions. When two gene sequences are directly compared with each other, these genes have homology if the DNA sequences of the genes have representatively at least 50% identity, preferably at least 70% identity, more preferably at least 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% identity with each other.

As used herein, the term “expression” of a gene, a polynucleotide, a polypeptide, or the like, indicates that the gene or the like is affected by a predetermined action in vivo to be changed into another form. Preferably, the term “expression” indicates that genes, polynucleotides, or the like are transcribed and translated into polypeptides. In one embodiment of the present invention, genes may be transcribed into mRNA. More preferably, these polypeptides may have post-translational processing modifications.

Amino acids may be referred to herein by either their commonly known three letter symbols or by the one-letter symbols recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission. Nucleotides, likewise, may be referred to by their commonly accepted single-letter codes.

As used herein, the term “fragment” refers to a polypeptide or polynucleotide having a sequence length ranging from 1 to n−1 with respect to the full length of the reference polypeptide or polynucleotide (of length n). The length of the fragment can be appropriately changed depending on the purpose. For example, in the case of polypeptides, the lower limit of the length of the fragment includes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 or more nucleotides. Lengths represented by integers which are not herein specified (e.g., 11 and the like) may be appropriate as a lower limit. For example, in the case of polynucleotides, the lower limit of the length of the fragment includes 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100 or more nucleotides. Lengths represented by integers which are not herein specified (e.g., 11 and the like) may be appropriate as a lower limit.

A polypeptide encoded by a gene in a BAC vector may have at least one (e.g., one or several) amino acid substitution, addition, and/or deletion or at least one sugar chain substitution, addition, and/or deletion as long as they have substantially the same function as that of a corresponding naturally-occurring polypeptide.

As used herein, the term “sugar chain” refers to a compound which is made up of a series of at least one sugar unit (a monosaccharide and/or its derivative). When two or more sugars unit are linked, the sugars unit are joined by dehydrocondensation due to glycosidic bonds. Examples of such a sugar chain include, but are not limited to, polysaccharides contained in organisms (glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, xylose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, sialic acid, and complexes and derivates thereof), and degraded polysaccharides, sugar chains degraded or induced from complex biological molecules (e.g., glycoproteins, proteoglycan, glycosaminoglycan, glycolipids, etc.), and the like. Therefore, the term “sugar chain” may be here in used interchangeably with “polysaccharide”, “carbohydrate”, and “hydrocarbon”. Unless otherwise specified, the term “sugar chain” as used herein includes both a sugar chain and a sugar chain-containing substance.

It is well known that if a given amino acid is substituted with another amino acid having a similar hydrophobicity index, the resultant protein may still have a biological function similar to that of the original protein (e.g., a protein having an equivalent enzymatic activity). For such an amino acid substitution, the hydrophobicity index is preferably within ±2, more preferably within ±1, and even more preferably within ±0.5. It is understood in the art that such an amino acid substitution based on hydrophobicity is efficient. A hydrophilicity index is also useful for modification of an amino acid sequence of the present invention. As described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,554,101, amino acid residues are given the following hydrophilicity indices: arginine (+3.0); lysine (+3.0); aspartic acid (+3.0±1); glutamic acid (+3.0±1); serine (+0.3); asparagine (+0.2); glutamine (+0.2); glycine (0); threonine (−0.4); proline (−0.5±1); alanine (−0.5); histidine (−0.5); cysteine (−1.0); methionine (−1.3); valine (−1.5); leucine (−1.8); isoleucine (−1.8); tyrosine (−2.3); phenylalanine (−2.5); and tryptophan (−3.4). It is understood that an amino acid may be substituted with another amino acid which has a similar hydrophilicity index and can still provide a biological equivalent. For such an amino acid substitution, the hydrophilicity index is preferably within ±2, more preferably ±1 aid even are preferably ±0.5.

The term “conservative substitution” as used herein refers to amino acid substitution in which a substituted amino acid and a substituting amino acid have similar hydrophilicity indices or/and hydrophobicity indices. For example, conservative substitution is carried out between amino acids having a hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity index of within ±2, preferably within ±1, and more preferably within ±0.5. Examples of conservative substitution include, but are not limited to, substitutions within each of the following residue pairs: arginine and lysine; glutamic acid and aspartic acid; serine and threonine; glutamine and asparagine; and valine, leucine, and isoleucine, which are well known to those skilled in the art.

As used herein, the term “variant” refers to a substance, such as a polypeptide, polynucleotide, or the like, which differs partially from the original substance. Examples of such a variant include a substitution variant, an addition variant, a deletion variant, a truncated variant, an allelic variant, and the like. Examples of such a variant include, but are not limited to, a nucleotide or polypeptide having one or several substitutions, additions and/or deletions or a nucleotide or polypeptide having at least one substitution, addition and/or deletion. The term “allele” as used herein refers to a genetic variant located at a locus identical to a corresponding gene, where the two genes are distinguished from each other. Therefore, the term “allelic variant” as used herein refers to a variant which has an allelic relationship with a given gene. Such an allelic variant ordinarily has a sequence the same as or highly similar to that of the corresponding allele, and ordinarily has almost the same biological activity, though it rarely has different biological activity. The term “species homolog” or “homolog” as used herein refers to one that has an amino acid or nucleotide homology with a given gene in a given species (preferably at least 60% homology, more preferably at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, and at least 95% homology). A method for obtaining such a species homolog is clearly understood from the description of the present specification. The term “ortholog” (also called orthologous genes) refers to genes in different species derived from a common ancestry (due to speciation) For example, in the case of the hemoglobin gene family having multigene structure, human and mouse α-hemoglobin genes are orthologs, while the human α-hemoglobin gene and the human β-hemoglobin gene are paralogs (genes arising from gene duplication). Orthologs are useful for estimation of molecular phylogenetic trees. Usually, orthologs in different species may have a function similar to that of the original species. Therefore, orthologs of the present invention may be useful in the present invention.

As used herein, the term “conservative (or conservatively modified) variant” applies to both amino acid and nucleic acid sequences. With respect to particular nucleic acid sequences, conservatively modified variants refer to those nucleic acids which encode identical or essentially identical amino acid sequences. Because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, a large number of functionally identical nucleic acids encode any given protein. For example, the codons GCA, GCC, GCG and GCU all encode the amino acid alanine. Thus, at every position where an alanine is specified by a codon, the codon can be altered to any of the corresponding codons described without altering the encoded polypeptide. Such nucleic acid variations are “silent variations” which represent one species of conservatively modified variation. Every nucleic acid sequence herein which encodes a polypeptide also describes every possible silent variation of the nucleic acid. Those skilled in the art will recognize that each codon in a nucleic acid (except AUG, which is ordinarily the only codon for methionine, and TGG, which is ordinarily the only codon for tryptophan) can be modified to yield a functionally identical molecule. Accordingly, each silent variation of a nucleic acid which encodes a polypeptide is implicit in each described sequence. Preferably, such modification may be performed while avoiding substitution of cysteine which is an amino acid capable of largely affecting the higher-order structure of a polypeptide. Examples of method for such modification of a base sequence include cleavage using a restriction enzyme or the like; ligation or the like by treatment using DNA polymerase, Klenow fragments, DNA ligase, or the like; and a site specific base substitution method using synthesized oligonucleotides (specific-site directed mutagenesis; Mark Zoller and Michael Smith, Methods in Enzymology, 100, 468-500 (1983)). Modification can be performed using methods ordinarily used in the field of molecular biology.

In order to prepare a BAC vector containing a gene encoding a functionally equivalent polypeptide, amino acid additions, deletions, or modifications can be performed in addition to amino acid substitutions. Amino acid substitution(s) refers to the replacement of at least one amino acid of an original peptide chain with different amino acids, such as the replacement of 1 to 10 amino acids, preferably 1 to 5 amino acids, and more preferably 1 to 3 amino acids with different amino acids. Amino acid addition(s) refers to the addition of at least one amino acid to an original peptide chain, such as the addition of 1 to 10 amino acids, preferably 1 to 5 amino acids, and more preferably 1 to 3 amino acids to an original peptide chain. Amino acid deletion(s) refers to the deletion of at least one amino acid, such as the deletion of 1 to 10 amino acids, preferably 1 to 5 amino acids, and more preferably 1 to 3 amino acids. Amino acid modification includes, but is not limited to, amidation, carboxylation, sulfation, halogenation, truncation, lipidation, alkylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, hydroxylation, acylation (e.g., acetylation), and the like. Amino acids to be substituted or added may be naturally-occurring or normaturally-occurring amino acids, or amino acid analogs. Naturally-occurring amino acids are preferable.

As used herein, a nucleic acid form of a polypeptide refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of expressing a protein form of the polypeptide. This nucleic acid molecule may have a nucleic acid sequence, a part of which is deleted or substituted with another base, or alternatively, into which another nucleic acid sequence is inserted, as long as an expressed polypeptide has substantially the same activity as that of a naturally occurring polypeptide. Alternatively, another nucleic acid may be linked to the 5′ end and/or the 3′ end of the nucleic acid molecule. The nucleic acid molecule may be a nucleic acid molecule which is hybridizable to a gene encoding a polypeptide under stringent conditions and encodes a polypeptide having substantially the same function as that polypeptide. Such a gene is known in the art and is available in the present invention.

Such a nucleic acid can be obtained by a well known PCR technique, or alternatively, can be chemically synthesized. These methods may be combined with, for example, site-specific mutagenesis, hybridization, or the like.

As used herein, the term “substitution, addition or deletion” for a polypeptide or a polynucleotide refers to the substitution, addition or deletion of an amino acid or its substitute, or a nucleotide or its substitute, with respect to the original polypeptide of polynucleotide, respectively. This is achieved by techniques well known in the art, including a site-specific mutagenesis technique and the like. A polypeptide or a polynucleotide may have any number (>0) of substitutions, additions, or deletions. The number can be as large as a variant having such a number of substitutions, additions or deletions which maintains an intended function. For example, such a number may be one or several, and preferably within 20% or 10% of the full length, or no more than 100, no more than 50, no more than 25, or the like.

The structure of polymers (e.g., polypeptide structure) may be described at various levels. This structure is generally described in, for example, Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd Ed., 1994), and Cantor and Schimmel, Biophysical Chemistry Part I: The Conformation of Biological Macromolecules (1980). General molecular biological techniques available in the present invention can be easily carried out by the those skilled in the art by referencing Ausubel F. A. et al. eds. (1988), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley, New York, N.Y.; Sambrook J. et al., (1987) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., or the like.

When mentioning genes in the present specification, “vector” refers to an agent which can transfer a polynucleotide sequence of interest to a target cell. Examples of such a vector include vectors which are capable of self replication or capable of being incorporated into a chromosome with in host cells (e.g., prokaryotic cells, yeast, animal cells, plant cells, insect cells, whole animals, and whole plants), and contain a promoter at a site suitable for transcription of a polynucleotide of the present invention.

The term “BAC vector” refers to a plasmid which is produced using F plasmid ofE. coliand a vector which can stably maintain and grow a large size DNA fragment of about 300 kb or more in bacteria, such asE. coliand the like. The BAC vector contains at least a region essential for the replication of the BAC vector. Examples of such a region essential for replication include, but are not limited to, the replication origin of F plasmid (oriS) and variants thereof.

As used herein, the term “BAC vector sequence” refers to a sequence comprising a sequence essential for the function of a BAC vector. Optionally, the BAC vector sequence may further comprise a “recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence” and/or a “selectable marker”.

As used herein, the term “recombinant” in relation to nucleic acid is used interchangeably with the term “homologous recombination”, and indicates that two different homologous nucleic acid molecules encounter each other, crossover occurs, and a new combination of nucleic acid is generated. As used herein, homologous recombination includes both “recombinant protein-dependent recombination” and “recombinant protein-independent recombination”. The term “recombinant protein-dependent recombination” refers to homologous recombination which occurs in the presence of a recombinant protein, but not in the absence of a recombinant protein. The term “recombinant protein-independent recombination” refers to homologous recombination which occurs irrespective of the presence or absence of a recombinant protein. As used herein, the term “recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence” refers to a sequence which causes recombinant protein-dependent recombination. The term “recombinant protein-independent recombinant sequence” refers to a sequence which causes recombinant protein-independent recombination. The recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence causes recombination in the presence of a recombinant protein, but not in the absence of a recombinant protein. A recombinant protein preferably acts specifically on a recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence, and does not act on sequences other than the recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence.

Examples of representative pairs of a recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence and a recombinant protein include, but are not limited to: a combination of a bacteriophage P1-derived loxP (locus of crossover of P1) sequence and a Cre (cyclization recombination) protein, a combination of Flp protein and FRT site, a combination of φC31 and attb or attP (Thorpe, Helena M.; Wilson, Stuart E.; Smith, Margaret C. M., Control of directionality in the site-specific recombination system of theStreptomycesphage φC31., Molecular Microbiology (2000), 38(2), 232-241.), a combination of resolvase and res site (Sadowski P., Site-specific recombinases: changing partners and doing the twist, J. Bacteriol., February 1986; 165(2) 341-7) (generally, Sauer B., Site-specific recombination: developments and applications., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 1994 October; 5(5): 521-7).

As used herein, the term “selectable marker” refers to a gene which functions as an index for election of a host cell containing a BAC vector. Examples of a selectable marker include, but are not limited to, fluorescent markers, luminiscent markers, and drug selectable markers. An example of a “fluorescent marker” is, but is not limited to, a gene encoding a fluorescent protein, such as a green fluorescent protein (GFP). An example of a “luminiscent marker” is, but is not limited to, a gene encoding a luminescent protein, such as luciferase. An example of a “drug selectable marker” is, but is not limited to, a gene encoding a protein selected from the group consisting of: dihydrofolate reductase gene, glutamine synthase gene, aspartic acid transaminase, metallothionein (MT), adenosine deaminase (ADA), adenosine deaminase (AMPD1, 2), xanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase, UMP synthase, P-glycoprotein, asparagine synthase, and ornithine decarboxylase. Examples of a combination of a drug selectable marker and a drug include: a combination of dihydrofolate reductase gene (DHFR) and methotrexate (MTX), a combination of glutamine synthase (GS) gene and methionine sulfoximine (Msx), a combination of aspartic acid transaminase (AST) gene and N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate) (PALA), a combination of MT gene and cadmium (Cd2⁺), a combination of adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene and adenosine, alanosine, or 2′-deoxycoformycin, a combination of adenosine deaminase (AMPD1, 2) gene and adenine, azaserine, or coformycin, a combination of xanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase gene and mycophenolic acid, a combination of UMP synthase gene and 6-azaulysine or pyrazofuran, a combination of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR) gene and multiple drugs, a combination of asparagine synthase (AS) gene and β-aspartyl hydroxamic acid or albizziin, and a combination of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene and β-difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO).

As used herein, the term “expression vector” refers to a nucleic acid sequence comprising a structural gene and a promoter for regulating expression thereof, and in addition, various regulatory elements in a state that allows them to operate within host cells. The regulatory element may include, preferably, terminators, selectable markers such as drug-resistance genes (e.g., a kanamycin resistance gene, a hygromycin resistance gene, etc.), and enhancers. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the type of an organism (e.g., a plant) expression vector and the type of a regulatory element may vary depending on the host cell. In the case of plants, a plant expression vector for use in the present invention may further has a T-DNA region. A T-DNA region enhances the efficiency of gene transfer, especially when a plant is transformed usingAgrobacterium.

As used herein, the term “recombinant vector” refers to a vector which can transfer a polynucleotide sequence of interest to a target cell. Examples of such a vector include vectors which are capable of self replication or capable of being incorporated into a chromosome within host cells (e.g., prokaryotic cells, yeast, animal cells, plant cells, insect cells, whole animals, and whole plants), and contain a promoter at a site suitable for transcription of a polynucleotide of the present invention.

As used herein, the term “terminator” refers to a sequence which is located downstream of a protein-encoding region of a gene and which is involved in the termination of transcription when DNA is transcribed into mRNA, and the addition of a poly A sequence. It is known that a terminator contributes to the stability of mRNA, and has an influence on the amount of gene expression. Examples of a terminator include, but are not limited to, terminators derived from mammals, the CaMV35S terminator, the terminator of the nopaline synthase gene (Tnos), the terminator of the tobacco PR1a gene, and the like.

As used herein, the term “promoter” refers to a base sequence which determines the initiation site of transcription of a gene and is a DNA region which directly regulates the frequency of transcription. Transcription is started by RNA polymerase binding to a promoter. A promoter region is usually located within about 2 kbp upstream of the first exon of a putative protein coding region. Therefore, it is possible to estimate a promoter region by predicting a protein coding region in a genomic base sequence using DNA analysis software. A putative promoter region is usually located upstream of a structural gene, but depending on the structural gene, i.e., a putative promoter region may be located downstream of a structural gene. Preferably, a putative promoter region is located within about 2 kbp upstream of the translation initiation site of the first exon.

As used herein, the term “constitutive” for expression of a promoter of the present invention refers to a character of the promoter that the promoter is expressed in a substantially constant amount in all tissues of an organism no matter whether the growth stage of the organism is a juvenile phase or a mature phase. Specifically, when Northern blotting analysis is performed under the same conditions as those described in examples of the present specification, expression is considered to be constitutive according to the definition of the present invention if substantially the same amount of expression is observed at the same or corresponding site at any time (e.g., two or more time points (e.g., day 5 and day 15)), for example. Constitutive promoters are considered to play a role in maintaining the homeostasis of organisms in a normal growth environment. These characters can be determined by extracting RNA from any portion of an organism and analyzing the expression amount of the RNA by Northern blotting or quantitating expressed proteins by Western blotting.

An “enhancer” may be used so as to enhance the expression efficiency of a gene of interest. When used in animals, an enhancer region containing an upstream sequence within the SV40 promoter is preferable. One or more enhancers may be used, or no enhancer may be used.

As used herein, the term “operatively linked” indicates that a desired sequence is located such that expression (operation) thereof is under control of a transcription and translation regulatory sequence (e.g., a promoter, an enhancer, and the like) or a translation regulatory sequence. In order for a promoter to be operatively linked to a gene, typically, the promoter is located immediately upstream of the gene. A promoter is not necessarily adjacent to a structural gene.

As used herein, the terms “transformation”, “transduction” and “transfection” are used interchangeably unless otherwise mentioned, and refers to introduction of a nucleic acid into host cells. As a transformation method, any technique for introducing DNA into host cells can be used, including various well-known techniques, such as, for example, the electroporation method, the particle gun method (gene gun), the calcium phosphate method, and the like.

As used herein, the term “transformant” refers to the whole or a part of an organism, such as a cell, which is produced by transformation. Examples of a transformant include prokaryotic cells, yeast, animal cells, plant cells, insect cells and the like. Transformants may be referred to as transformed cells, transformed tissue, transformed hosts, or the like, depending on the subject. As used herein, all of the forms are encompassed, however, a particular form may be specified in a particular context.

Examples of prokaryotic cells include prokaryotic cells of the generaEscherichia, Serratia, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, and the like, e.g.,Escherichia coliXL1-Blue,Escherichia coliXL2-Blue,Escherichia coliDH1,Escherichia coliMC1000,Escherichia coliKY3276,Escherichia coliW1485,Escherichia coliJM109,Escherichia coliHB101, Escherichia coliNo. 49, Escherichia coliW3110,Escherichia coliNY49,Escherichia coliBL21 (DE3),Escherichia coliBL21 (DE3) pLysS,Escherichia coliHMS174 (DE3),Escherichia coliHMS174 (DE3) pLysS,Serratia ficaria, Serratia fonticola, Serratia liquefaciens, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Brevibacterium ammmoniagenes, Brevibacterium immariophilumATCC14068,Brevibacterium saccharolyticumATCC14066,Corynebacterium glutamicumATCC13032,Corynebacterium glutamicumATCC14067,Corynebacterium glutamicumATCC13869,Corynebacterium acetoacidophilumATCC13870,Microbacterium ammoniaphilumATCC15354,Pseudomonassp.D-0110, and the like.

Examples of animal cells include cord blood mononuclear cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Sup-T1 cells, and the like.

The term “animal” is used herein in its broadest sense and refers to vertebrates and invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Examples of animals include, but are not limited to, any of the class Mammalia, the class Aves, the class Reptilia, the class Amphibia, the class Pisces, the class Insecta, the class Vermes, and the like.

As used herein, the term “tissue” in relation to organisms refers to an aggregate of cells having substantially the same function. Therefore, a tissue may be a part of an organ. Organs usually have cells having the same function, and may have coexisting cells having slightly different functions. Therefore, as used herein, tissues may have various kinds of cells as long as a certain property is shared by the cells.

As used herein, the term “organ” refers to a structure which has a single independent form and in which one or more tissues are associated together toperforma specific function. Inplants, examples of organs include, but are not limited to, callus, root, stem, trunk, leaf, flower, seed, embryo bud, embryo, fruit, and the like. In animals, examples of organs include, but are not limited to, stomach, liver, intestine, pancreas, lung, airway, nose, heart, artery, vein, lymph node (lymphatic system), thymus, ovary, eye, ear, tongue, skin, and the like.

As used herein, the term “transgenic” refers to incorporation of a specific gene into an organism (e.g., plants or animals (mice, etc.)) or such an organism having an incorporated gene.

When organisms of the present invention are animals, the transgenic organisms can be produced by a microinjection method (a trace amount injection method), a viral vector method, an embryonic stem (E5) cell method, a sperm vector method, a chromosome fragment introducing method (transsomic method), an episome method, or the like. These transgenic animal producing techniques are well known in the art.

As used herein, the term “screening” refers to selection of a substance, a host cell, a virus, or the like having a given specific property of interest from a number of candidates using a specific operation/evaluation method. It will be understood that the present invention encompasses viruses having desired activity obtained by screening.

As used herein, the terms “chip” or “microchip” are used interchangeably to refer to a micro integrated circuit which has versatile functions and constitutes a portion of a system. Examples of a chip include, but are not limited to, DNA chips, protein chips, and the like.

As used herein, the term “array” refers to a substrate (e.g., a chip, etc.) which has a pattern of a composition containing at least one (e.g., 1000 or more, etc.) target substances (e.g., DNA, proteins, transfection mixtures, etc.), which are arrayed. Among arrays, patterned substrates having a small size (e.g., 10×10 mm, etc.) are particularly referred to as microarrays. The terms “microarray” and “array” are used interchangeably. Therefore, a patterned substrate having a larger size than that which is described above may be referred to as a microarray. For example, an array comprises a set of desired transfection mixtures fixed to a solid phase surface or a film thereof. An array preferably comprises at least 10²antibodies of the same or different types, more preferably at least 10³, even more preferably at least 10⁴, and still even more preferably at least 10⁵. These antibodies are placed on a surface of up to 125×80 mm, more preferably 10×10 mm. An array includes, but is not limited to, a 96-well microtiter plate, a 384-well microtiter plate, a microtiter plate the size of a glass slide, and the like. A composition to be fixed may contain one or a plurality of types of target substances. Such a number of target substance types may be in the range of from one to the number of spots, including, without limitation, about 10, about 100, about 500, and about 1,000.

As described above, any number of target substances (e.g., proteins, such as antibodies) may be provided on a solid phase surface or film, typically including no more than 10⁸biological molecules per substrate, in another embodiment no more than 10⁷biological molecules, no more than 10⁶biological molecules, no more than 10⁵biological molecules, no more than 10⁴biological molecules, no more than 10³biological molecules, or no more than 10²biological molecules. A composition containing more than 10⁸biological molecule target substances may be provided on a substrate. In these cases, the size of a substrate is preferably small. Particularly, the size of a spot of a composition containing target substances (e.g., proteins such as antibodies) may be as small as the size of a single biological molecule (e.g., 1 to 2 nm order). In some cases, the minimum area of a substrate may be determined based on the number of biological molecules on a substrate.

“Spots” of biological molecules may be provided on an array. As used herein, the term “spot” refers to a certain set of compositions containing target substances. As used herein, the term “spotting” refers to an act of preparing a spot of a composition containing a certain target substance on a substrate or plate. Spotting may be performed by any method, for example, pipetting or the like, or alternatively, using an automatic device. These methods are well known in the art.

As used herein, the term “address” refers to a unique position on a substrate, which may be distinguished from other unique positions. Addresses are appropriately associated with spots. Addresses can have any distinguishable shape such that substances at each address may be distinguished from substances at other addresses (e.g., optically). A shape defining an address may be, for example, without limitation, a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, or an irregular shape. Therefore, the term “address” is used to indicate an abstract concept, while the term “spot” is used to indicate a specific concept. Unless it is necessary to distinguish them from each other, the terms “address” and “spot” may be herein used interchangeably.

The size of each address particularly depends on the size of the substrate, the number of addresses on the substrate, the amount of a composition containing target substances and/or available reagents, the size of microparticles, and the level of resolution required for any method used for the array. The size of each address may be, for example, in the range of from 1-2 nm to several centimeters, though the address may have any size suited to an array.

The spatial arrangement and shape which define an address are designed so that the microarray is suited to a particular application. Addresses may be densely arranged or sparsely distributed, or subgrouped into a desired pattern appropriate for a particular type of material to be analyzed.

As used herein, the term “support” refers to a material which can carry cells, bacteria, viruses, polynucleotides, or polypeptides. Such a support may be made from any solid material which has a capability of binding to a biological molecule as used herein via covalent or noncovalent bond, or which may be induced to have such a capability.

Examples of materials used for supports include any material capable of forming a solid surface, such as, without limitation, glass, silica, silicon, ceramics, silicon dioxide, plastics, metals (including alloys), naturally-occurring and synthetic polymers (e.g., polystyrene, cellulose, chitosan, dextran, and nylon), and the like. Preferably, a support comprises a portion for producing hydrophobic bonds. A support may be formed of layers made of a plurality of materials. For example, a support may be made of an inorganic insulating material, such as glass, quartz glass, alumina, sapphire, forsterite, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, or the like. A support may be made of an organic material, such as polyethylene, ethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyethylene terephthalate, unsaturated polyester, fluorine-containing resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, acrylic resin, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, acetal resin, polycarbonate, polyamide, phenol resin, urea resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, silicone resin, polyphenylene oxide, polysulfone, and the like. Alternatively, nitrocellulose film, nylon film, PVDF film, or the like, which are used in blotting, may be used as a material for a support.

The herpesvirus of the present invention can be used as an ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment, prevention, and/or therapy of infectious diseases.

As used herein, the term “effective amount” in relation to a drug refers to an amount which causes the drug to exhibit intended efficacy. As used herein, an effective amount corresponding to a smallest concentration may be referred to as a minimum effective amount. Such a minimum effective amount is well known in the art. Typically, the minimum effective amount of a drug has been determined or can be determined as appropriate by those skilled in the art. The determination of such an effective amount can be achieved by actual administration, use of an animal model, or the like. The present invention is also useful for the determination of such an effective amount.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a material which is used for production of a pharmaceutical agent or an agricultural chemical (e.g., an animal drug), and has no adverse effect on effective ingredients. Examples of such a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier include, but are not limited to: antioxidants, preservatives, colorants, flavoring agents, diluents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, solvents, fillers, bulking agents, buffers, delivery vehicles, excipients, and/or agricultural or pharmaceutical adjuvants.

The type and amount of a pharmaceutical agent used in the treatment method of the present invention can be easily determined by those skilled in the art based on information obtained by the method of the present invention (e.g., information relating to a disease) in view of the purpose of use, the target disease (type, severity, etc.), the subject's age, size, sex, and case history, the morphology and type of a site of a subject of administration, or the like. The frequency of subjecting a subject (patient) to the monitoring method of the present invention is also easily determined by those skilled in the art with respect to the purpose of use, the target disease (type, severity, etc.), the subject's age, size, sex, and case history, the progression of the therapy, and the like. Examples of the frequency of monitoring the state of a disease include once per day to once per several months (e.g., once per week to once per month). Preferably, monitoring is performed once per week to once per month with reference to the progression.

As used herein, the term “instructions” refers to a description of the method of the present invention for a person who performs administration, such as a medical doctor, a patient, or the like. Instructions state when to administer a medicament of the present invention, such as immediately after or before radiation therapy (e.g., within 24 hours, etc.). The instructions are prepared in accordance with a format defined by an authority of a country in which the present invention is practiced (e.g., Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry in Japan, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the U.S., and the like), explicitly describing that the instructions are approved by the authority. The instructions are so-called package insert and are typically provided in paper media. The instructions are not so limited and may be provided in the form of electronic media (e.g., web sites, electronic mails, and the like provided on the Internet).

In a therapy of the present invention, two or more pharmaceutical agents may be used as required. When two or more pharmaceutical agents are used, these agents may have similar properties or may be derived from similar origins, or alternatively, may have different properties or may be derived from different origins. A method of the resent invention can be used to obtain information about the drug resistance level of a method of administering two or more pharmaceutical agents.

In the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that once the analysis result of a certain sugar chain structure has been correlated with a level of a disease concerning a similar type of organism, culture cell, tissue, animal (e.g., a mouse for a human) or the like, a corresponding sugar chain structure can be correlated with the disease level. Such matters are described and supported in, for example, “Doubutsu Baiyosaibo Manuaru (Animal Culture Cell Manual), Seno et al. eds., Kyoritsu shuppan, 1993, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

(General Techniques Used Herein)

Techniques used herein are within the technical scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified. These techniques are commonly used in the fields of sugar chain science, fluidics, micromachining, organic chemistry, biochemistry, genetic engineering, molecular biology, microbiology, genetics, and their relevant fields. The techniques are well described in documents described below and the documents mentioned herein elsewhere.

Micromachining is described in, for example, Campbell, S. A. (1996), The Science and Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication, Oxford University Press; Zaut, P. V. (1996), Micromicroarray Fabrication: a Practical Guide to Semiconductor Processing, Semiconductor Services; Madou, M. J. (1997), Fundamentals of Microfabrication, CRC1 5 Press; Rai-Choudhury, P. (1997), Handbook of Microlithography, Micromachining & Microfabrication: Microlithography; and the like, the relevant portions of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Molecular biology techniques, biochemistry techniques, and microbiology techniques used herein are well known and commonly used in the art, and are described in, for example, Maniatis, T. et al. (1989), Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor and its 3rd Ed. (2001); Ausubel, F. M. et al. eds, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons Inc., NY, 10158 (2000); Innis, M. A. (1990), PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press; Innis, M. A. et al. (1995), PCR Strategies, Academic Press; Sninsky, J. J. et al. (1999), PCR Applications: Protocols for Functional Genomics, Academic Press; Gait, M. J. (1985), Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press; Gait, M. J. (1990), Oligonucleotide Synthesis: A Practical Approach, IRL Press; Eckstein, F. (1991), Oligonucleotides and Analogues: A Practical Approach, IRL Press; Adams, R. L. et al. (1992), The Biochemistry of the Nucleic Acids, Chapman & Hall; Shabarova, Z. et al. (1994), Advanced Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Weinheim; Blackburn, G. M. et al. (1996), Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology, Oxford University Press; Hermanson, G. T. (1996), Bioconjugate Techniques, Academic Press; Method in Enzymology 230, 242, 247, Academic Press, 1994; Special issue, Jikken Igaku (Experimental Medicine) “Idenshi Donyu & Hatsugenkaiseki Jikkenho (Experimental Method for Gene introduction & Expression Analysis)”, Yodo-sha, 1997; and the like. Relevant portions (or possibly the entirety) of each of these publications are herein incorporated by reference.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of embodiments. Embodiments described below are provided only for illustrative purposes. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments except as by the appended claims. It will be clearly appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention with reference to the specification.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a recombinant herpesvirus is provided. Preferably, the herpesvirus contains a BAC vector sequence in its genome sequence. By constructing a herpesvirus genome containing a BAC vector sequence, it becomes possible to handle the herpesvirus genome as the BAC molecule in bacteria. A BAC vector sequence used herein preferably contains an origin of replication derived from F plasmid, or alternatively may contain any origin of replication other than an origin of replication derived from F plasmid, as long as it has a sequence of 300 kb or more and can be held and grown as a bacterial artificial sequence in bacterial cells. The BAC vector of the present invention can be maintained and/or grow in bacterial host cells, preferablyE. colicells. Preferably, a portion of the BAC vector is inserted into a non-essential region of a herpesvirus genome, so that it is possible to manipulate it as a BAC containing the herpesvirus genome. When the BAC containing the herpesvirus genome is introduced into a mammalian cell, the recombinant herpesvirus can be produced and grown. As a host cell for the recombinant herpesvirus, any mammalian cell which can grow a wild-type herpesvirus strain can be used. Preferably, such a host cell is derived from a human, including, for example, but being not limited to, cord blood mononuclear cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and SupT1 cells.

(Method for Producing a BAC Vector Containing a Human Herpesvirus Genome)

Various techniques (e.g., a technique using homologous recombination) can be used to produce a BAC vector containing a human herpesvirus by using a human herpesvirus (e.g., HHV-6A, HHV-6B, or HHV-7) genome and a BAC vector.

An example of the technique using homologous recombination is a technique using a nucleic acid having a linear BAC vector sequence linked with a sequence homologous to a human herpesvirus genome.

A method for producing a BAC vector comprising a human herpesvirus genome by using a nucleic acid having a linear BAC vector sequence linked with a sequence homologous to a human herpesvirus genome representatively comprises the steps of: (1) introducing the nucleic acid along with the human herpesvirus genome into appropriate hosts; (2) culturing the host cells to elicit homologous recombination between the homologous sequence linked with the linear BAC vector sequence and the human herpesvirus genome sequence; (3) screening the host cells for one which contains the human herpesvirus genome sequence having the BAC vector sequence incorporated due to the homologous recombination; (4) culturing the host cell and extracting a circular virus DNA. Examples of a host cell used in the above-described method include, but are not limited to, cord blood mononuclear cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and SupT1 cells.

Examples of a technique for introducing a BAC vector into mammalian hosts include, but are not limited to, the calcium phosphate method, the electroporation method, and the lipofection method. By the electroporation method of Amaxa or Bio-Rad, a large amount of genes can be efficiently introduced into T cells. For example, the electroporation method of Amaxa is performed under the following conditions. For sample, cells are washed with cell wash buffer solution (RPMI-1640 medium without fetal calf serum) twice. Thereafter, the cells are suspended in electroporation buffer solution (Nucleofector solution supplied by the manufacture) 1 μl of plasmid DNA is added to the cell suspension, mixed well, and placed in a cuvette. Electroporation is performed at room temperature using an appropriate program.

Alternatively, in order to produce a BAC containing a human herpesvirus genome using a human herpesvirus genome and a BAC sequence, various methods, such as use of nucleic acid fragments obtained using restriction enzymes or the like, can be employed instead of homologous recombination.

Preferably non-essential regions in HHV-7 are ORF regions of gene U24, gene U24a, gene U25, and gene U26, or regions flanking these ORF's. This is because gene U24, gene U24a, gene U25, and gene U26 are contiguous non-essential genes on the HHV-7 genome, so that it is easy to design a nucleic acid for homologous recombination.

A BAC vector sequence used in the present invention preferably includes a recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence and/or a selectable marker. Preferably, the selectable marker sequence is a drug selectable marker and/or a gene encoding a green fluorescent protein. This is because the presence of a desired gene can be easily confirmed.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a vector used for production of the above-described virus and a method for producing the above-described virus are provided. According to still another aspect of the present invention, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above-described virus and a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a vaccine are provided.

The recombinant human herpesvirus of the present invention can be used to introduce a desired antigen protein. Therefore, for example, when an antigen which is known to function as a vaccine is introduced, the vector of the present invention can be used as a vaccine vector.

According to still another aspect of the present invention, a method for introducing mutation into a vector for producing a vaccine of the present invention is provided. The method comprises the steps of: introducing a vector into a bacterial host cell; introducing a plasmid vector containing a fragment consisting of a portion of a human herpesvirus genome into the bacterial host cell, wherein the fragment has at least one mutation; culturing the bacterial host cell; and isolating a vector having a AC vector sequence from the cultured bacterial host cell. In the above-described method, homologous recombination occurs between the vector for producing a vaccine of the present invention and the plasmid vector containing the fragment consisting of the portion of the human herpesvirus genome, in bacterial host cells. As a result, the vector for producing the vaccine of the present invention has a mutation in the fragment consisting of the portion of the human herpesvirus genome.

In the above-described method, the step of introducing the vector into bacterial host cells can be achieved by using various well-known methods, such as electroporation and the like. Similarly, the plasmid vector containing the fragment consisting of the portion of the human herpesvirus genome can be introduced into bacterial host cells. As a technique for introducing a mutation into the fragment, a technique for introducing a mutation by using PCR is well known. For example, by using heat-resistant polymerase having no proofreading function, where one of the four nucleotides is in lower quantity, it is possible to introduce a mutation randomly. Alternatively, by PCR using a primer having a mutated base sequence, it is possible to introduce a desired mutation into a desired site. When the bacterial cell is cultured, homologous recombination occurs between the vector for producing the vaccine of the present invention and the plasmid vector containing the fragment consisting of the portion of the human herpesvirus genome. As a result, the vector for producing the vaccine of the present invention has a mutation in the fragment consisting of the portion of the human herpesvirus genome. In order to prepare a BAC vector sequence from a bacterial host cell, various well-known techniques (e.g., the alkaline method, etc.) and commercially available kits can be used.

According to another aspect of the present invention, another method for introducing a mutation into a vector for producing the vaccine of the present invention is provided. The method comprises the steps of: introducing the vector into a bacterial host cell; introducing a first plasmid vector containing a first fragment consisting of a portion of a human herpesvirus genome into the bacterial host cell, wherein the first fragment has at least one mutation; introducing a second plasmid vector containing a second fragment consisting of a portion of the human herpesvirus genome into the bacterial host cell, wherein the second fragment has at least one mutation and the second fragment is different from the first fragment; culturing the bacterial host cell; and isolating a vector having a BAC vector sequence from the cultured bacterial host cell.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a nucleic acid cassette which may be used for producing the vaccine of the present invention, is provided. The nucleic acid cassette preferably comprises a first fragment capable of homologous recombination with a human herpesvirus genome in a host cell, a BAC vector sequence, and a second fragment capable of homologous recombination with a human herpesvirus genome in the host cell, wherein the opposite ends of the BAC sequence are linked with the first fragment and second fragments, respectively. In this case, the first fragment and the second fragment are preferably at least 1 kb, at least 1.5 kb, or at least 2 kb in length. The first fragment and the second fragment preferably has at least 80% identity, at least 85,% identity, at least 90% identity, or at least 95% identity to the human herpesvirus genome sequence.

Preferably, the first and second fragments are derived from different regions of the human herpesvirus genome. The first and second fragments may be independently derived from a region flanking the ORF of gene U24 or a region flanking the ORF of gene U24a. Preferably, the BAC vector sequence comprises a recombinant protein-dependent recombinant sequence and/or a selectable marker in order to control homologous recombination and easily detect a desired gene. The selectable marker may be either a drug selectable marker or a gene encoding a fluorescent protein (e.g., a green fluorescent protein, etc.). Representatively, the BAC vector sequence has a nucleic acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO.: 401.

(Preparation of Recombinant Herpesvirus Containing a Foreign Gene)

A method of the present invention can be used to easily prepare a herpesvirus having a herpesvirus genome into which a foreign gene is introduced.

Such mutation introduction can be performed by using a method described below regarding, for example, HHV-7.

IntoE. coli, (a) HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid (a plasmid containing the HHV-7 genome and a BAC vector sequence) and (b) a nucleic acid encoding a mutated foreign gene (e.g., a shuttle vector or a PCR product) having a desired foreign gene and partial sequences of a herpesvirus genome linked with the opposite ends of the foreign gene, are introduced. Homologous recombination is allowed to occur between HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid and the shuttle vector or PCR product, so that a foreign gene mutation can be introduced into HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid. Alternatively, a transposon can be used to randomly introduce a mutation into a desired nucleic acid sequence. The HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid into which the foreign gene has been introduced, can be easily selected and grown inE. coli. By causing HHV-7-U21-27-BAC having the foreign gene to produce a virus, the recombinant herpesvirus can be obtained (Markus Wagner, TRENDS in Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 7, July 2002). Specific examples will be described below.

(1) Use of a Temperature Sensitive Shuttle Vector Containing a Foreign Gene Nucleic Acid:

Firstly, the shuttle vector and HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid are allowed to recombine via a first homologous region to generate a cointegrate in which the shuttle vector is linked with HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid. Next, since the replication origin of the shuttle vector is temperature-sensitive, the shuttle plasmid is removed. In a second recombination event, the cointegrated portion is removed. When the second recombination event occurs via the first homologous region, a plasmid having the same sequence as that of HHV-7-U21-27-BAC used for the recombination is generated. In contrast, when the second recombination event occurs via a second homologous region different from the first homologous region, a modified HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid having the foreign gene contained in the shuttle vector is obtained. When the first homologous region and the second homologous region have substantially the same length, the probability that the second recombination event occurs in the second homologous region is substantially the same as the probability that the second recombination event occurs in the first homologous region. Therefore, about half of the resultant HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmids are plasmids having the same sequence as that which has been used in the recombination, while about half thereof are plasmids having the foreign gene which has been introduced into the shuttle vector.

(2) Use of a Linear DNA Fragment:

In this method, for example, by utilizing the recombination function of recET derived from prophage Rac or the recombination function of redαβ derived from bacteriophage λ, a linear DNA fragment is used to introduce a mutation into a circular HHV-7-U21-27-BAC molecule. Specifically, a selectable marker flanking a target sequence and a linear DNA fragment containing a homologous sequence are introduced along with HHV-7-U21-27-BAC intoE. colicapable of homologous recombination. In order to avoid the degradation of the linear DNA withinE. coli, it is preferable to useE. colilacking exonuclease or cause expression of redγ (gam) which is an exonuclease inhibitor derived from a bacteriophage. The linear DNA has a region homologous to HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid on the opposite ends thereof. Homologous recombination occurs via the homologous region, thereby making it possible to introduce a desired sequence of the linear DNA fragment into HHV-7-U21-27-BAC. RecET and redαβ exhibit homologous recombination via a homologous sequence having a length of about 25 to 50 nucleotides. Therefore, the recombination functions of recET and redαβ can be used more easily than recA-mediated homologous recombination.

(3) Use of a Transposon:

The function of a transposon element to insert into a nucleic acid inE. coliis used. For example, a transposon element containing a desired foreign gene and HHV-7-U21-27-BAC are introduced intoE. coliso that the transposon element is randomly inserted into HHV-7-U21-27-BAC. Thereby, HHV-7-U21-27-BAC having the inserted foreign gene is obtained.

The above-described method for preparing recombinant HHV-7 containing a foreign gene can be applied to HHV-6.

(Effect of HIV Therapy using the Recombinant HHV-7 of the Present Invention (Prevention of Infection))

HIV infects CD4⁺ T cells. It is known that HIV infection is prevented or healed by the treatment of CD4⁺ T cells with HHV-7 (Lusso et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 91, 3872-3876, April 1994). This therapeutic effect is achieved by HHV-7 infecting CD4⁺ T cells via the CD4 receptor on the T cells. Therefore, recombinant HHV-7 which has infectious capacity to CD4⁺ T cells can be prepared by a method of the present invention and can be used for the prevention and/or therapy of HIV infection.

The HIV infection preventing effect of HHV-7 of the present invention can be measured by determining whether or not HHV-7 prevents the growth of HIV in target cells. Examples of target cells used for measurement include, but are not limited to, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4⁺ cells, SupT1 cells, and the like. More specifically, for example, measurement can be performed as follows.

Target cells are previously infected with HHV-7 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, followed by culturing at 37° C. for 24 to 72 hours. Thereafter, HIV is added, followed by incubation for 30 minutes to 2 hours. Thereafter, the cells are well washed, and incubated again. After 4 days of incubation, HIV-derived antigens released in culture medium are quantitated. As a control, cells which have not been subjected to HHV-7 infection are infected with HIV under the same conditions, and antigens released into culture medium are measured. An example of an HIV-derived antigen is, but is not limited to, p24. The quantity of the antigen serves as an index of HIV growth. Therefore, if the antigen quantity is small compared to that of the control, the HIV infection preventing effect of HHV-7 is demonstrated.

The therapeutic effect on HIV infection of HHV-7 of the present invention can be measured by determining whether or not HHV-7 suppresses the growth ability of HIV in target cells. Examples of target cells used for measurement include, but are not limited to, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4⁺ cells, SupT1 cells, and the like. More specifically, for example, measurement can be performed as follows.

Target cells are coinfected with HIV and HHV-7 (MOI of 0.1 to 0.01). After coinfection, the infected cells are incubated for about 30 minutes to 2 hours. Thereafter, the cells are well washed, and incubated again. As a control, cells which have been subjected to HIV infection without HHV-7 infection are used. After 4 days of incubation, HIV-derived antigens in culture medium are quantitated. An example of an HIV-derived antigen is, but is not limited to, p24. The quantity of the antigen serves as an index of HIV growth. Therefore, if the antigen quantity is small compared to that of the control, the HIV infection preventing effect of HHV-7 is demonstrated.

(HIV Therapy Using Recombinant HHV-7 and HHV-6 of the Present Invention)

Recombinant HHV-7 or HHV-6 of the present invention can be used to treat HIV. For example, a silencer gene for a HIV gene is introduced into recombinant HHV-7, and the recombinant HHV-7 is administered into HIV patients. When CD4⁺ T cells infected with HIV are infected with recombinant HHV-7, the production of HIV is suppressed. As a result, a therapeutic effect is exhibited on HIV infection.

Alternatively, since opportunistic infection is caused by CMV (cytomegalovirus), it is possible to enhance a defense against CMV using recombinant HHV-7 in which an antigen is incorporated.

(Formulation)

The present invention also provides methods of treatment and/or prevention of diseases or disorders (e.g., infectious diseases) by administration to a subject of an effective amount of a therapeutic/prophylactic agent. By the therapeutic/prophylactic agent is meant a composition of the present invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier type (e.g., a sterile carrier).

The therapeutic/prophylactic agent will be formulated and dosed in a fashion consistent with good medical practice, taking into account the clinical condition of the individual patient (especially the side effects of treatment with the therapeutic/prophylactic agent alone), the site of delivery, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to those skilled in the art. The “effective amount” for purposes herein is thus determined by such considerations.

As a general proposition, the total pharmaceutically effective amount of the therapeutic/prophylactic agent administered parenterally per dose will be in the range of about 1 μg/kg/day to 10 mg/kg/day of patient body weight, although, as noted above, this will be subject to therapeutic discretion. More preferably, this dose is at least 0.01 mg/kg/day, and most preferably for humans between about 0.01 and 1 mg/kg/day for the cellular physiologically active material of the present invention. If given continuously, the therapeutic/prophylactic agent is typically administered at a dose rate of about 1 μg/kg/hour to about 50 μg/kg/hour, either by 1-4 injections per day or by continuous subcutaneous infusions, for example, using a mini-pump. An intravenous bag solution may alsobe employed. The length of treatment needed to observe changes and the interval following treatment for responses to occur appears to vary depending on the desired effect.

The therapeutic/prophylactic agents can be administered orally, rectally, parenterally, intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, gels, drops or transdermal patch), or as an oral or nasal spray. “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type. The term “parenteral” as used herein refers to modes of administration which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous and intraarticular injection and infusion.

The therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention are also suitably administered by sustained-release systems. Suitable examples of sustained-release therapeutic/prophylactic agents are administered orally, rectally, parenterally, intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, gels, drops or transdermal patch), or as an oral or nasal spray. “Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type. The term “parenteral” as used herein refers to modes of administration which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous and intraarticular injection and infusion.

For parenteral administration, in one embodiment, the therapeutic/prophylactic agent is formulated generally by mixing it at the desired degree of purity, in a unit dosage injectable form (solution, suspension, or emulsion), with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, i.e., one that is non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with other ingredients of the formulation. For example, the formulation preferably does not include oxidizing agents and other compounds that are known to be deleterious to the therapeutic/prophylactic agent.

Generally, the formulations are prepared by contacting the therapeutic/prophylactic agent uniformly and intimately with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both. Then, if necessary, the product is shaped into the desired formulation. Preferably the carrier is a parenteral carrier, more preferably a solution that is isotonic with the blood of the recipient. Examples of such carrier vehicles include water, saline, Ringer's solution, and dextrose solution. Non-aqueous vehicles such as fixed oils and ethyl oleate are also useful herein, as well as liposomes.

The carrier suitably contains minor amounts of additives such as substances that enhance isotonicity and chemical stability. Such materials are non-toxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, succinate, acetic acid, and other organic acids or their salts; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about ten residues) polypeptides, e.g., polyarginine or tripeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids, such as glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or arginine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including cellulose or its derivatives, glucose, manose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as polysorbates, poloxamers, or PEG.

Any pharmaceutical used for therapeutic administration can be free from organisms and viruses other than a virus as an effective ingredient, i.e., sterile. Sterility is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes (e.g., 0.2 micron membranes). Therapeutic/prophylactic agents generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.

Therapeutic/prophylactic agents ordinarily will be stored in unit or multi-dose containers, for example, sealed ampoules or vials, as an aqueous solution or as a lyophilized formulation for reconstitution. As an example of a lyophilized formulation, 10-ml vials are filled with 5 ml of sterile-filtered 1% (w/v) aqueous therapeutic/prophylactic agent solution, and the resulting mixture is lyophilized. The infusion solution is prepared by reconstituting the lyophilized therapeutic/prophylactic agent using bacteriostatic Water-for-injection.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical pack or kit comprising one or more containers filled with one or more of the ingredients of the therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention. Associated with such container (s) can be a notice in the form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals or biological products, which notice reflects approval by the agency of manufacture, use or sale for human administration. In addition, the therapeutic/prophylactic agents may be employed in conjunction with other therapeutic compounds.

The therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic/prophylactic agents.

The therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention may be administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents. Therapeutic/prophylactic agents that may be administered in combination with the therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention, include but not limited to, chemotherapeutic agents, antibiotics, steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, conventional immunotherapeutic agents, cytokines and/or growth factors. Combinations may be administered either concomitantly, e.g., as an admixture, separately but simultaneously or concurrently; or sequentially. This includes presentations in which the combined agents are administered together as a therapeutic mixture, and also procedures in which the combined agents are administered separately but simultaneously, e.g., as through separate intravenous lines into the same individual. Administration “in combination” further includes the separate administration of one of the compounds or agents given first, followed by the second.

In certain embodiments, the therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention are administered in combination with antiretroviral agents, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and/or protease inhibitors.

In a further embodiment, the therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention are administered in combination with an antibiotic agent. Antibiotic agents that may be used include, but are not limited to, aminoglycoside antibiotics, polyene antibiotics, penicillin antibiotics, cephemantiboitics, peptide antibiotics, microride antibiotics, and tetracycline antibiotics.

In an additional embodiment, the therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention are administered alone or in combination with an anti-inflammatory agent. Anti-inflammatory agents that may be administered with the therapeutic/prophylactic agents of the invention include, but are not limited to, glucocorticoids and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, aminoarylcarboxylic acid derivatives, arylacetic acid derivatives, arylbutyric acid derivatives, arylcarboxylic acids, arylpropionic acid derivatives, pyrazoles, pyrazolones, salicylic acid derivatives, thiazinecarboxamides, e-acetamidocaproic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, 3-amino-4hydroxybutyric acid, amixetrine, bendazac, benzydamine, bucolome, difenpiramide, ditazol, emorfazone, guaiazulene, nabumetone, nimesulide, orgotein, oxaceprol, paranyline, perisoxal, pifoxime, proquazone, proxazole, and tenidap.

In a further embodiment, the therapeutic/prophylactic agent of the present invention is administered in combination with other therapeutic/prophylactic regimens (e.g., radiation therapy).

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1Preparation of Recombinant Herpesvirus

(1: Preparation of BAC Plasmid)

Plasmid PHA-2 used was kindly provided by Markus Wagner and Ulrich H. Koszinowski (Adler et al., (2000), J. Virol. 74: 6964-74) To prepare a recombinant virus, a BAC vector was inserted into the center of a region of about 4000 bp extending over gene U21, gene U23, gene U24, gene U24a, gene U25, and gene U26. This is because the insertion of a foreign nucleic acid into such a non-essential region was expected to have no adverse effect on the replication of herpesvirus. A scheme of inserting a BAC vector into the HHV-7 genome is schematically shown inFIG. 1.

The genomic DNA of herpesvirus strain KHR was used as a template to amplify primers BAC7-E1 (ATGCGGCCGCGCGAGTGATAGGTACTTTCT) (SEQ ID NO.: 402) and BAC7-E2 (GCTTAATTAATATATAAGTCCTTCAATAGC) (SEQ ID NO.: 403), and primers BAC7-E3 (GCTTAATTAACATGCTCTGCAATGCAAGCC) (SEQ ID NO.: 404) and BAC7-E4 (ATGCGGCCGCAAATAGCCTTTGCTCATAGC) (SEQ ID NO.: 405).

(2: Preparation of Recombinant Virus by Homologous Recombination)

The prepared plasmid pHA-2/HHV7-U21-27 contains a guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt) gene as a selectable marker. The BAC vector sequence is sandwiched between two loxP sequences. Therefore, the BAC vector sequence sandwiched between the loxP sequences can be efficiently removed by the action of Cre recombinase In addition, cells into which the plasmid containing the BAC vector sequence has been introduced can be easily confirmed by the fluorescence of a green fluorescent protein (GFP).

The plasmid was digested with NotI for linearization. Nucleofection unit (Amaxa) was used to transfect cord blood mononuclear cells cultured in a 25-cm²plastic flask with 1 μg of the linearized pHA-2/HHV7U21-27 by electroporation. One day after transfection, the transfected cells were infected with herpesvirus KHR strain.

Mycophenolic acid (12.5 μg/ml) and 100 μg/ml xanthine were used to screen recombinant viruses based on the gpt gene. In the cord blood mononuclear cells, the cytopathic effect (CPE) typical for herpesvirus was observed. Some of the cells could be confirmed under a microscope to express the GFP. This result indicates that the cord blood mononuclear cell having the introduced pHA-2/HHV-7-U21-U27 were infected with herpesvirus. The GFP-positive infected cells were cultured for 7 days, and then co-cultured with newly separated and cultured cord blood mononuclear cells for infection. The proportion of cells expressing GFP was increased in the presence of mycophenolic acid and xanthine. This indicates that the BAC vector was inserted into the herpesvirus genome and a recombinant virus was produced (FIG. 2).

(3: Enrichment of Recombinant Virus and Introduction of it intoE. coli)

A recombinant virus was enriched by selection using the gpt gene in combination with mycophenolic acid and xanthine. The recombinant virus was used to infect SupT1 cells. After 6 hours, the cells were recovered and circular DNA was extracted from the cells. The circular DNA collected from the SupT1 cells was introduced intoE. coli. TheE. colicells were disseminated on plates containing drugs. DNA was extracted from colonies which appeared on the plates. From the infected cells, circular virus DNA was extracted by Hirt's method (Hirt, (1967), J. M. Biol, 26: 365-9). The extracted DNA was introduced intoE. coliDH10B by theelectroporationmethod (0.1-cm cuvette, 2.5 kV) using the gene pulser (Bio-Rad) for transformation. E., coli containing HHV-7U21-27-BAC was obtained by screening on agar containing 17 μg/ml chloramphenicol.

(4: Stability of HHV-7-U21-27-BAC Plasmid inE. coli)

HHV-7U21-27-BAC was extracted from the bacteria using the NucleoBond PC 100 kit (Macherey-Nagel) in accordance with the protocol accompanying the kit. The resultant two clones were digested with restriction enzyme EcoRI.

(5: Production of Virus from HHV-7-U21-27-BAC)

HHV-7U21-27-BAC DNA (1 μg) was introduced into cord blood mononuclear cells (5×10⁶to 10⁷) cultured in a 25-cm²plastic flask by the electroporation method. Electroporation was conducted using the nucleofactor kit (Amaxa) using the program T-08 in accordance with its manual. After electroporation, the mononuclear cells having the introduced gene were cultured in medium containing PHA (phytohemagglutinin) for 3 to 7 days.

Three to seven days after electroporation, the cord blood mononuclear cells were recovered, and were co-cultured with cord blood mononuclear cells (5×10⁶to 10⁷) which were newly stimulated with PHA. In this case, the cells were cultured in PHA-free medium which contained drugs (MPA, xanthine). After coculturing, viral production was observed onday 2 to 3.

(6: Cutting Out of BAC Vector Sequence)

Recombinant adenovirus (AxCANCre) capable of expressing Cre recombinase (TanakaM. et al., J. Virol., 2003January; 77(2): 1382-1391) was kindly provided by Yasushi Kawaguchi of the Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Cord blood mononuclear cells were infected with the recombinant adenovirus at a MOI of 100. After 2 hours of virus adsorption, the cells were washed with PBS (−), followed by culturing in RPMI medium containing 5% FCS. The cord blood mononuclear cells were superinfected with recombinant human herpesvirus 24 hours after infection with recombinant adenovirus. A control experiment was conducted to confirm that the recombinant adenovirus expressed Cre recombinase and a BAC vector sequence was efficiently cut out from the HHV-7U21-27-BAC genome. The result of DNA sequencing of the obtained human herpesvirus confirmed that a BAC vector sequence was cut from HHV-7U21-27-BAC.

Example 2Characterization of Recombinant Herpesvirus

(1: Comparison of Growth Ability of Recombinant Viruses)

HHV-7 (KHR strain) and the obtained recombinant herpesvirus are compared in terms of the growth ability in cord blood mononuclear cells or SupT1 cells using the Median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) method. Cord blood mononuclear cells are infected with KHR strain and recombinant virus having the same titier, followed by culturing from day 0 today 7. Thereafter, new cord blood mononuclear cells or SupT1 cells are infected with the viruses to compare the replication ability thereof. The titer is measured by the TCID method. The resultant recombinant human herpesvirus is confirmed to exhibit substantially the same replication ability as that of human herpesvirus KHR strain in vitro.

Example 3

The method of the present invention is used to readily prepare a herpesvirus having a genome into which an HIV silencer gene (e.g., an antisense nucleic acid to an HIV gene) by steps described below.

A shuttle vector is prepared, in which the NFκB/Sp1 site of the U3 site of LTR in HIV is operatively linked upstream of the HIV silencer gene, and a region flanking a non-essential gene of HHV-7 is linked to the opposite ends of the resultant sequence. The shuttle vector and HHV-7U21-27-BAC plasmid (a plasmid containing the HHV-7 genome and a BAC vector sequence) are introduced intoE. coli. As a result, homologous recombination occurs between the HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmid and the shuttle vector in theE. colito produce a cointegrate in which the foreign gene (HIV silencer gene) contained in the shuttle vector is introduced into the HHV-7U21-27-BAC plasmid.

Next, since the replication origin of the shuttle vector is temperature-sensitive, the shuttle plasmid is removed. In a second recombination event, the cointegrated portion is removed. When the second recombination event occurs via a first homologous region, a plasmid having the same sequence as that of HHV-7U21-27-BAC used in the recombination is generated. In contrast, when the second recombination event occurs via a second homologous region different from the first homologous region, a modified HHV-7U21-27-BAC plasmid having a foreign gene contained in the shuttle vector is obtained. When the first homologous region and the second homologous region have substantially the same length, the probability that the second recombination event occurs in the second homologous region is substantially the same as the probability that the second recombination event occurs in the first homologous region. Therefore, about half of the resultant HHV-7-U21-27-BAC plasmids are plasmids having the same sequence as that which has been used in the recombination, while about half thereof are plasmids having the foreign gene which has been introduced into the shuttle vector.

The plasmid containing the HIV silencer is used to prepare a recombinant HHV-7 virus. The recombinant virus can be used to treat HIV infection.

Example 4Preparation of Recombinant Herpesvirus Strain Vaccine

According to the present invention, it is possible to prepare a mutant recombinant herpesvirus having an incorporated gene encoding a desired vaccine antigen using techniques described below, and use it as a vaccine.

(Production of Vaccine)

With the recombinant herpesvirus obtained in Example 1, SupT1 cells are inoculated and cultured in 20 Roux bottles having a culture area of 210 cm². After completion of culturing, the culture media containing the cells are frozen and thawed, followed by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4° C. The supernatant containing viruses released from the cells is collected, which is used as a live vaccine stock solution.

Example 5Prevention of HIV Infection

The method of Lusso et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 91, 3872 to 3876, April 1994) is used to confirm that the recombinant HHV-7 of the present invention has an HIV infection preventing effect.

CD4⁺ T cells are isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy adults by negative immunological magnet selection using mouse monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Becton Dickinson) for CD8, CD14, CD19, CD20 and CD56, and anti-mouse IgG antiserum (e.g., Dynal, Great Neck, N.Y.). The cells are stimulated with 1 μg/ml of purified phytohemagglutinin (e.g., Wellacome), followed by growth in the presence of 10 units/ml partially purified IL-2 (e.g., Boehringer Mannheim). Thus, CD4⁺ T cells are prepared.

The HIV infection preventing effect of HHV-7 of the present invention can be measured by determining whether or not the HIV replication ability in CD4⁺ T cell is suppressed by HHV-7. More specifically, the following procedure is used.

CD4⁺ T cells (106) are infected with HHV-7 at a MOI of 0.01 to 0.1, followed by culturing at 37° C. for 48 hours. Thereafter, HIV (amount: 10⁵cpm of reverse transcriptase) is added, followed by incubation for 37 minutes to 1 hour. Thereafter, the cells are well washed, and incubated again in a 24-well plate. In the post-wash incubation, IL-2 (10 units/ml) is added to culture medium. After 4 days of incubation (cell survival rate: more than 80%), p24 protein released in culture medium is quantitated with ELISA. As a control, cells which have not been subjected to HHV-7 infection are infected with HIV under the same conditions, and p24 protein released into culture medium are measured. The quantity of p24 protein serves as an index of HIV replication. Therefore, if the quantity of p24 protein is small compared to that of the control, the HIV infection preventing effect of HHV-7 is demonstrated.

Example 6Therapy of HIV Infection

HHV-7 targets CD4 which is a target (entrance) of HIV for infection. Therefore, CD4 has been demonstrated to be able to be used for the prevention of HIV infection. In contrast, HHV-6, which is also a virus capable of infecting CD4⁺ T cells as with HHV-7 and HIV, has a target protein different from that of HHV-7 or HIV. Therefore, HHV-6 can be used as a gene therapy vector for HIV infection by, for example, introducing a gene suitable for therapy, such as a suicide gene or the like, into HIV infected cells. More specifically, the following technique can be used.

CD4⁺ T cells are prepared using the same method as described in Example 5. HIV is added to CD4⁺ T cells (106), followed by incubation at 37° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the cells are well washed. The HIV infected cells are infected with HHV-6 (recombinant HHV-6 virus laking a gene activating the LTR of HIV) at a MOI of 1. IL-2 (10 units/ml) is added to the culture medium, followed by incubation at 37° C. for 1 hour. After incubation, p24 protein released into the culture medium is quantitated with ELISA. As a control, cells which have not been subjected to HHV-6 treatment are used, and p24 protein released into culture medium is measured. The quantity of p24 protein serves as an index of HIV replication. Therefore, if the quantity of p24 protein is small compared to that of the control, the HIV infection preventing effect of HHV-6 is demonstrated.

Although certain preferred embodiments have been described herein, it is not intended that such embodiments be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention except as set forth in the appended claims. Various other modifications aid Equivalents will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art, after reading the description herein, without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. All patents, published patent applications and publications cited herein are incorporated by reference as if set forth fully herein.

The present invention provides a method for producing a recombinant herpesvirus from a single virus strain using, for example, BAC (E. coliartificial chromosome), and a recombinant herpesvirus produced by the method. The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a recombinant herpesvirus.

Further, the present invention provides a vector comprising a herpesvirus genomic gene and a BAC vector sequence, a cell containing such a vector, and a nucleic acid cassette comprising a fragment capable of homologous recombination with a herpesvirus genome, and a BAC vector sequence.

Further, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a recombinant herpesvirus for the prevention and therapy of HIV infection.

DESCRIPTION OF SEQUENCE TABLE

SEQ ID NO.: 44, U50 5′→3′ direction 73538 to 75202 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-555
SEQ ID NO.: 45, U59 5′→3′ direction 89838 to 90881 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-348
SEQ ID NO.: 46, U59 5′→3′ direction 89838 to 90881 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-348
SEQ ID NO.: 47, U63 5′→3′ direction 92216 to 92851 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-212
SEQ ID NO.: 48, U63 5′→3′ direction 92216 to 92851 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-212
SEQ ID NO.: 49, U65 5′→3′ direction 94111 to 95103 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-331
SEQ ID NO.: 50, U65 5′→3′ direction 94111 to 95103 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-331
SEQ ID NO.: 51, U68 5′→3′ direction 97024 to 97368 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 52, U68 5′→3′ direction 97024 to 97368 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 53, U71 5′→3′ direction 100392 to 100613 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-74
SEQ ID NO.: 54, U71 5′→3′ direction 100392 to 100613 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-74
SEQ ID NO.: 55, U74 5′→3′ direction 104007 to 105986 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-660
SEQ ID NO.: 56, U74 5′→3′ direction 104007 to 105986 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-660
SEQ ID NO.: 57, DR1′ 5′→3′ direction 139415 to 139873 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-153
SEQ ID NO.: 58, DR1′ 5′→3′ direction 139415 to 139873 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-153
SEQ ID NO.: 59, genome sequence of strain JI (complementary strand)
SEQ ID NO.: 60, H3 3′→5′ direction 3976 to 4224 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-83
SEQ ID NO.: 61, H4 3′→5′ direction 4449 to 4745 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-99
SEQ ID NO.: 62, U2 3′→15′ direction 6338 to 7417 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-360
SEQ ID NO.: 63, U3 3′→5′ direction 7578 to 8732 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-385
SEQ ID NO.: 64, U4 3′→5′ direction 8754 to 10382 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-543
SEQ ID NO.: 65, U5/7 3′→5′ direction 10407 to 13004 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-866
SEQ ID NO.: 66, U8 3′→5′ direction 13174 to 14262 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-363
SEQ ID NO.: 67, U11 3′→5′ direction 15982 to 18249 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-756
SEQ ID NO.: 68, U15 3′→5 direction 22244 to 22564 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-107
SEQ ID NO.: 69, U17 3′→5′ direction 23570 to 23836 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-89
SEQ ID NO.: 70, U18 3′→5′ direction 24713 to 25600 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-296
SEQ ID NO.: 71, U19 3′→5′ direction 25945 to 26922 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-326
SEQ ID NO.: 72, U21 31-5′ direction 28202 to 29494 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-431
SEQ ID NO.: 73, U23 3′→5′ direction 29903 to 30418 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-172
SEQ ID NO.: 74, U24 3′→5′ direction 30524 to 30772 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-83
SEQ ID NO.: 75, U25 3′→5′ direction 30936 to 31898 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-321
SEQ ID NO.: 76, U27 3′→5′ direction 32857 to 33951 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-365
SEQ ID NO.: 77, U28 3′→5′ direction 34064 to 36484 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-807
SEQ ID NO.: 78, U29 3′→5′ direction 36487 to 37347 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-287
SEQ ID NO.: 79, U32 3′→5′ direction 46355 to 46627 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-91
SEQ ID NO.: 80, U34 3′→5′ direction 47992 to 48768 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-259
SEQ ID NO.: 81, U35 3′→5′ direction 48805 to 49119 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-105
SEQ ID NO.: 82, U38 3′→5′ direction 51363 to 54401 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1013
SEQ ID NO.: 83, U40 3′→5′ direction 56832 to 58997 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-722
SEQ ID NO.: 84, U41 3′→5′ direction 59000 to 62395 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1132
SEQ ID NO.: 85, U42 3′→5′ direction 62772 to 64352 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-527
SEQ ID NO.: 86, U43 3′→5′ direction 64501 to 67086 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-862
SEQ ID NO.: 87, U45 3′→5′ direction 67759 to 68898 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-380
SEQ ID NO.: 88, U47 3′→5′ direction 69638 to 70579 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-314
SEQ ID NO.: 89, U48 3′→5′ direction 70817 to 72889 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-691
SEQ ID NO.: 90, U52 3′→5′ direction 76185 to 76949 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-255
SEQ ID NO.: 91, U54 3′→5′ direction 78503 to 79870 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-456
SEQ ID NO.: 92, U55A 3′→5′ direction 79918 to 81201 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-428
SEQ ID NO.: 93, U55B 3′→5′ direction 81285 to 82577 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-431
SEQ ID NO.: 94, U56 3′→5′ direction 82630 to 83511 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-294
SEQ ID NO.: 95, U57 3′→5′ direction 83514 to 87551 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1346
SEQ ID NO.: 96, U72 3′→5′ direction 100636 to 101676 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-347
SEQ ID NO.: 97, U76 3′→5′ direction 106667 to 108589 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-641
SEQ ID NO.: 98, U81 3′→5′ direction 115184 to 115948 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-255
SEQ ID NO.: 99, U82 3′→5′ direction 116038 to 116778 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-247
SEQ ID NO.: 100, U84 3′→5′ direction 117111 to 118043 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-311
SEQ ID NO.: 101, U85 3′→5′ direction 118071 to 118913 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-281
SEQ ID NO.: 102, U86 3′→5′ direction 119091 to 122708 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1206
SEQ ID NO.: 103, U89 3′→5′ direction 125420 to 128668 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1083
SEQ ID NO.: 104, U90 3′→5′ direction 128776 to 129051 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-92
SEQ ID NO.: 105, H8 3′→5′ direction 136307 to 136579 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-91
SEQ ID NO.: 106, U99 3′→5′ direction 138375 to 138692 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-106
SEQ ID NO.: 107, U100 3′→5′ direction 138751 to 138999 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-83
SEQ ID NO.: 108, H3′ 3′→5′ direction 143023 to 143271 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-83
SEQ ID NO.: 109, H4′ 3′→5′ direction 143496 to 143792 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-99
SEQ ID NO.: 110, U17Ex 3′→5′ direction 22772 to 23547 and 23620 to 23836 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-331
SEQ ID NO.: 111, U17Ex 3′→5′ direction 22772 to 23547 and 23620 to 23836 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-331
SEQ ID NO.: 112, U60-U66 3′→5′ direction 90878 to 92005 and 95122 to 95985 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-664
SEQ ID NO.: 113, U60-U66 3′→5′ direction 90878 to 92005 and 95122 to 95985 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-664
SEQ ID NO.: 114, U20 3′→5′ direction 27036 to 28211 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-392
SEQ ID NO.: 115, U20 3′→5′ direction 27036 to 28211 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-392
SEQ ID NO.: 116, U24a 3′→5′ direction 30776 to 31129 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-118
SEQ ID NO.: 117, U24a 3′→5′ direction 30776 to 31129 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-118
SEQ ID NO.: 118, U26 3′→5′ direction 31988 to 32869 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-294
SEQ ID NO.: 119, U26 3′→5′ direction 31988 to 32869 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-294
SEQ ID NO.: 120, U33 3′→5′ direction 46608 to 48041 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-478
SEQ ID NO.: 121, U33 3′→5′ direction 46608 to 48041 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-478
SEQ ID NO.: 122, U39 3′→5′ direction 54401 to 56869 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-823
SEQ ID NO.: 123, U39 3′→5′ direction 54401 to 56869 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-823
SEQ ID NO.: 124, U75 3′→5′ direction 105973 to 106743 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-257
SEQ ID NO.: 125, U75 3′→5′ direction 105973 to 106743 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-257
SEQ ID NO.: 126, U98 3′→5′ direction 137945 to 138451 nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-169
SEQ ID NO.: 127, U98 3′→5′ direction 137945 to 138451 amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-169
SEQ ID NO.: 128, genome sequence of strain U1102
SEQ ID NO.: 129, DR1, 5′→3′ direction, 501 to 794, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-98
SEQ ID NO.: 130, DR4,5′-+3′ direction, 2746 to 3048, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-101
SEQ ID NO.: 131, DR6, 5′→3′ direction, 4725 to 5036, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-104
SEQ ID NO.: 132, DR7, 5′→3′ direction, 56.29 to 6720, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-364
SEQ ID NO.: 133, DR8, 5′→3′ direction, 7237 to 7569, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-111
SEQ ID NO.: 134, U1, 5′→3′ direction, 8245 to 8616, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-124
SEQ ID NO.: 135, U6, 5′→3′ direction, 14619 to 14867, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-83
SEQ ID NO.: 136, U10, 5′→3′ direction, 17604 to 18914, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-437
SEQ ID NO.: 137, U12, 5′→3′ direction, 21856 to 22812, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-319
SEQ ID NO.: 138, U13, 5′→3′ direction, 22898 to 23218, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-107
SEQ ID NO.: 139, U14, 5′→3′ direction, 23316 to 25145, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-610
SEQ ID NO.: 140, U30, 5′→3′ direction, 41884 to 45132, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1083
SEQ ID NO.: 141, U31, 5′→3′ direction, 45150 to 51383, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-2078
SEQ ID NO.: 142, U36, 5′→3′ direction, 54252 to 55706, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-485
SEQ ID NO.: 143, U37, 5′→3′ direction, 55710 to 56504, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-265
SEQ ID NO.: 144, U44, 5′→3′ direction, 73446 to 74087, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-214
SEQ ID NO.: 145, U46, 5′→3′ direction, 75291 to 75545, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-85
SEQ ID NO.: 146, U49, 5′→3′ direction, 80277 to 81035, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-253
SEQ ID NO.: 147, U51, 5′→3′ direction, 82574 to 83479, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-302
SEQ ID NO.: 148, U53, 5′→3′ direction, 84281 to 85867, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-529
SEQ ID NO.: 149, U58, 5′→3′ direction, 93924 to 96242, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-773
SEQ ID NO.: 150, U62, 5′→3′ direction, 98427 to 98684, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-86
SEQ ID No.: 151, U64, 5′→3′ direction, 93260 to 100588, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-443
SEQ ID NO.: 152, U67, 5′→3′ direction, 102458 to 103519, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-354
SEQ ID NO.: 153, U69, 5′→3′ direction, 103866 to 105554, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-563
SEQ ID NO.: 154, U70, 5′→3′ direction, 105562 to 107028, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-489
SEQ ID NO.: 155, U73, 5′→3′ direction, 108325 to 110667, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-781
SEQ ID NO.: 156, U77, 5′→3′ direction, 115100 to 117574, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-825
SEQ ID NO.: 157, U79, 5′→3′ direction, 120164 to 121198, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-345
SEQ ID NO.: 158, U83, 5′-3′ direction, 123528 to 123821, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-98
SEQ ID NO.: 159, U88, 5′→3′ direction, 131034 to 132275, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-414
SEQ ID NO.: 160, putative protein U90, 5′-3′ direction, 136266 to 136481, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-72
SEQ ID NO.: 161, U91, 5′→3′ direction, 136485 to 136829, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 162, U95, 5′→3′ direction, 142941 to 146306, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1122
SEQ ID NO.: 163, DR1, 5′→3′ direction, 151734 to 152027, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-98
SEQ ID NO.: 164, DR4, 5′→3′ direction, 153979 to 154281, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-101
SEQ ID NO.: 165, DR6, 5′-3′ direction, 155958 to 156269, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-104
SEQ ID NO.: 166, DR7, 5′-3′ direction, 156862 to 157953, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-364
SEQ ID NO.: 167, DR8, 5′-+3′ direction, 158470 to 158802, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-111
SEQ ID NO.: 168, DR2, 5′→3′ direction, 791 to 2653, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-621
SEQ ID NO.: 169, DR2, 5′→3′ direction, 791 to 2653, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-621
SEQ ID NO.: 170, U12 exon 1-2, 5′→3′ direction, 21680 to 21710 and 21800 to 22812, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-348
SEQ ID NO.: 171, U12 exon 1-2, 5′→3′ direction, 21680 to 21710 and 21800 to 22812, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-348
SEQ ID NO.: 172, U50, 5′→3′ direction, 80812 to 82479, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-556
SEQ ID NO.: 173, U50, 5′→3′ direction, 80812 to 82479, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-556
SEQ ID NO.: 174, U59, 5′→3′ direction, 96239 to 97291, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-351
SEQ ID NO.: 175, U59, 5′→3′ direction, 96239 to 97291, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-351
SEQ ID NO.: 176, U63, 5′→3′ direction, 98632 to 99282, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-217
SEQ ID NO.: 177, U63, 5′→3′ direction, 98632 to 99282, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-217
SEQ ID NO.: 178, U65, 5′→3′ direction, 100545 to 101552, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-336
SEQ ID NO.: 179, U65, 5′→3′ direction, 100545 to 101552, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-336
SEQ ID NO.: 180, U68, 5′→3′ direction, 103519 to 103863, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 181, U68, 5′→3′ direction, 103519 to 103863, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 182, U71, 5′→3′ direction, 106965 to 107198, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-78
SEQ ID NO.: 183, U71, 5′→3′ direction, 106965 to 107198, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-78
SEQ ID NO.: 184, U74, 5′→3′ direction, 110636 to 112624, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-663
SEQ ID NO.: 185, U74, 5′→3′ direction, 110636 to 112624, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-663
SEQ ID NO.: 186, U80, 5′→3′ direction, 121170 to 121766, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-199
SEQ ID NO.: 187, U80, 5′-+3′ direction, 121170 to 121766, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-199
SEQ ID NO.: 188, DR2′, 5′→3′ direction, 152024 to 153886, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-621
SEQ ID NO.: 189, DR2′, 5′→3′ direction, 152024 to 153886, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-621
SEQ ID NO.: 190, genome sequence of strain U1102 (complementary strand)
SEQ ID NO.: 191, DR5, 3′→5′ direction, 154967 to 155404, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-146
SEQ ID NO.: 192, DR3, 3′→5′ direction, 153634 to 154212, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-193
SEQ ID NO.: 193, RJ1, 3′→5′ direction, 151140 to 151571, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-144
SEQ ID NO.: 194, U100, 3′→5′ direction, 149868 to 150437, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-190
SEQ ID NO.: 195, U99, 3′→5′ direction, 149485 to 149766, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-94
SEQ ID NO.: 196, U98, 3′→5′ direction, 148741 to 149391, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-217
SEQ ID NO.: 197, U97, 3′→5′ direction, 147808 to 148077, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-90
SEQ ID NO.: 198, U96, 3′→5′ direction, 146641 to 146940, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-100
SEQ ID NO.: 199, U94, 3′→5′ direction, 141394 to 142866, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-491
SEQ ID NO.: 200, U93, 3′→5′ direction, 138531 to 139124, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-198
SEQ ID NO.: 201, U92, 3′→5′ direction, 138049 to 138492, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-148
SEQ ID NO.: 202, U90, 3′→5′ direction, 135664 to 135948, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-95
SEQ ID NO.: 203, U89, 3′→5′ direction, 133091 to 135610, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-840
SEQ ID NO.: 204, U86, 3′→5′ direction, 125989 to 128136, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-716
SEQ ID NO.: 205, U85, 3′→5′ direction, 124981 to 125853, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-291
SEQ ID NO.: 206, U84, 3′→5′ direction, 123925 to 124953, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-343
SEQ ID NO.: 207, U82, 3′→5′ direction, 122653 to 123405, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-251
SEQ ID NO.: 208, U81, 3′→5′ direction, 121810 to 122577, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-256
SEQ ID NO.: 209, U78, 3′→5′ direction, 118709 to 119038, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-110
SEQ ID NO.: 210, U75, 3′→5′ direction, 112659 to 113408, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-250
SEQ ID NO.: 211, U72, 3′→5′ direction, 107278 to 108312, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-345
SEQ ID NO.: 212, U66, 3′→5′ direction, 101569 to 102486, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-306
SEQ ID NO.: 213, U60, 3′→5′ direction, 97288 to 98256, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-323
SEQ ID NO.: 214, U57, 3′→5′ direction, 89875 to 93912, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1346
SEQ ID NO.: 215, U56, 3′→5′ direction, 88983 to 89873, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-297
SEQ ID NO.: 216, U55, 3′→5′ direction, 87505 to 88803, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-433
SEQ ID NO.: 217, U54, 3′→5′ direction, 86051 to 87427, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-459
SEQ ID NO.: 218, U52, 3′→5′ direction, 83498 to 84274, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-259
SEQ ID NO.: 219, U48, 3′→5′ direction, 78034 to 80118, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-695
SEQ ID NO.: 220, U47, 3′→5′ direction, 75912 to 77867, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-652
SEQ ID NO.: 221, U45, 3′→5′ direction, 74088 to 75218, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-377
SEQ ID NO.: 222, U43, 3′→5′ direction, 70823 to 73405, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-861
SEQ ID NO.: 223, U42, 3′→5′ direction, 69054 to 70598, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-515
SEQ ID NO.: 224, U41, 3′→5′ direction, 64222 to 67620, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1133
SEQ ID NO.: 225, U40, 3′→5′ direction, 62034 to 64214, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-727
SEQ ID NO.: 226, U38, 3′→5′ direction, 56550 to 59588, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1013
SEQ ID NO.: 227, U35, 3′→5′ direction, 53933 to 54253, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-107
SEQ ID NO.: 228, U33, 3′→5′ direction, 51723 to 53135, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-471
SEQ ID NO.: 229, U32, 3′→5′ direction, 51455 to 51721, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-89
SEQ ID NO.: 230, U29, 3′→5′ direction, 41457 to 42356, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-300
SEQ ID NO.: 231, U28, 3′→5′ direction, 39020 to 41434, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-805
SEQ ID NO.: 232, U26, 3′→5′ direction, 36922 to 37809, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-296
SEQ ID NO.: 233, U25, 3′→5′ direction, 35864 to 36814, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-317
SEQ ID NO.: 234, Unknown1, 3′→5′ direction, 35674 to 35847, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-58
SEQ ID NO.: 235, U24, 3′→5′ direction, 35392 to 35655, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-88
SEQ ID NO.: 236, U23, 3′→5′ direction, 34375 to 35085, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-237
SEQ ID NO.: 237, U22, 3′→5′ direction, 33739 to 34347, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-203
SEQ ID NO.: 238, U21, 3′→5′ direction, 32340 to 33641, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-434
SEQ ID NO.: 239, U20, 3′→5′ direction, 31069 to 32337, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-423
SEQ ID NO.: 240, U19, 3′→5′ direction, 29649 to 30818, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-390
SEQ ID NO.: 241, U18, 3′→5′ direction, 28508 to 29389, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-294
SEQ ID NO.: 242, U16, 3′→5′ direction, 26259 to 27116, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-286
SEQ ID NO.: 243, U15, 3′→5′ direction, 25660 to 25992, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-111
SEQ ID NO.: 244, U11, 3′→5′ direction, 18966 to 21578, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-871
SEQ ID NO.: 245, U9, 3′→5′ direction, 17238 to 17552, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-105
SEQ ID NO.: 246, U8, 3′→5′ direction, 16021 to 17091, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-357
SEQ ID NO.: 247, U7, 3′→5′ direction, 14908 to 15936, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-343
SEQ ID NO.: 248, U5, 3′→5′ direction, 13214 to 14548, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-445
SEQ ID NO.: 249, U4, 3′→5′ direction, 11485 to 13092, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-536
SEQ ID NO.: 250, U3, 3′→5′ direction, 10155 to 11276, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-374
SEQ ID NO.: 251, U2, 3′→5′ direction, 8716 to 9816, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-367
SEQ ID NO.: 252, LJ1, 3′→5′ direction, 7467 to 8432, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-322
SEQ ID NO.: 253, DR5, 3′→5′ direction, 3734 to 4171, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-146
SEQ ID NO.: 254, DR3, 3′→5′ direction, 2401 to 2979, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-193
SEQ ID NO.: 255, LT1, 3′→5′ direction, 1 to 338, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-113
SEQ ID NO.: 256, U16 exon 1-2, 3′→5′ direction, 26259 to 27034 and 27187 to 27349, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-313
SEQ ID NO.: 257, U16 exon 1-2, 3′→5′ direction, 26259 to 27034 and 27187 to 27349, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-313
SEQ ID NO.: 258, U17, 3′→5′ direction, 26948 to 27349, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-134
SEQ ID NO.: 259, U17, 3′→5′ direction, 26948 to 27349, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-134
SEQ ID NO.: 260, U39, 3′→5′ direction, 59588 to 62080, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-831
SEQ ID NO.: 261, U39, 3′→5′ direction, 59588 to 62080, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-831
SEQ ID NO.: 262, U34, 3′→5′ direction, 53086 to 53916, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-277
SEQ ID NO.: 263, U34, 3′→5′ direction, 53086 to 53916, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-277
SEQ ID NO.: 264, U27, 3′→5′ direction, 37797 to 38978, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-394
SEQ ID NO.: 265, U27, 3′→5′ direction, 37797 to 38978, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-394
SEQ ID NO.: 266, U61, 3′→5′ direction, 98231 to 98578, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-116
SEQ ID NO.: 267, U61, 3′→5′ direction, 98231 to 98578, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-116
SEQ ID NO.: 268, U76, 3′→5′ direction, 113317 to 115305, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-663
SEQ ID NO.: 269, U76, 3′→5′ direction, 113317 to 115305, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-663
SEQ ID NO.: 270, U87, 3′→5′ direction, 127551 to 130043, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-831
SEQ ID NO.: 271, U87, 3′→5′ direction, 127551 to 130043, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-831
SEQ ID NO.: 272, genome sequence of strain HST
SEQ ID NO.: 273, DR1, 5′→3′ direction, 576 to 842, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-89
SEQ ID NO.: 274, DR2, 5′→3′ direction, 1027 to 2970, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-648
SEQ ID NO.: 275, DR6, 5′→3′ direction, 5025 to 5336, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-104
SEQ ID NO.: 276, DR7, 5′→3′ direction, 6512 to 7150, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-213
SEQ ID NO.: 277, D, 5′→3′ direction, 7928 to 8662, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-245
SEQ ID NO.: 278, U1, 5′→3′ direction, 8929 to 9384, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-152
SEQ ID NO.: 279, U6, 5′→3′ direction, 15395 to 15652, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-86
SEQ ID NO.: 280, U10, 5′→3′ direction, 18386 to 19897, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-504
SEQ ID NO.: 281, U13, 5′→3′ direction, 23699 to 24022, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-108
SEQ ID NO.: 282, U14, 5′→3′ direction, 24136 to 25953, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-606
SEQ ID NO.: 283, U30, 5′→3′ direction, 42839 to 46087, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1083
SEQ ID NO.: 284, U31, 5′→3′ direction, 46105 to 52338, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-2078
SEQ ID NO.: 285, U36, 5′→3′ direction, 55212 to 56660, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-483
SEQ ID NO.: 286, U37, 5′→3′ direction, 56664 to 57458, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-265
SEQ ID NO.: 287, U44, 5′→3′ direction, 74335 to 75030, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-232
SEQ ID NO.: 288, U46, 5′→3′ direction, 76180 to 76434, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-85
SEQ ID NO.: 289, U49, 5′→3′ direction, 81342 to 82100, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-253
SEQ ID NO.: 290, U51, 5′→3′ direction, 83642 to 84547, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-302
SEQ ID NO.: 291, U53, 5′→3′ direction, 85350 to 86936, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-529
SEQ ID NO.: 292, U58, 5′→3′ direction, 95048 to 97366, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-773
SEQ ID NO.: 293, U59, 5′→3′ direction, 97375 to 98415, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-347
SEQ ID NO.: 294, U62, 5′→3′ direction, 99551 to 99814, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-88
SEQ ID NO.: 295, U64, 5′→3′ direction, 100390 to 101718, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-443
SEQ ID NO.: 296, U67, 5′→3′ direction, 103591 to 104652, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-354
SEQ ID NO.: 297, U69, 5′→3′ direction, 104999 to 106690, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-564
SEQ ID NO.: 298, U70, 5′→3′ direction, 106698 to 108164, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-489
SEQ ID NO.: 299, U73, 5′→3′ direction, 109475 to 111817, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-781
SEQ ID NO.: 300, U77, 5′→3′ direction, 116250 to 118724, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-825
SEQ ID NO.: 301, U79, 5′→3′ direction, 121322 to 122359, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-346
SEQ ID NO.: 302, U80, 5′→3′ direction, 122640 to 122942, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-101
SEQ ID NO.: 303, U83, 5′→3′ direction, 124657 to 124998, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-114
SEQ ID NO.: 304, U91, 5′→3′ direction, 138630 to 138974, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 305, U95, 5′→3′ direction, 144230 to 147868, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1213
SEQ ID NO.: 306, DRLR, 5′→3′ direction, 153618 to 153884, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-89
SEQ ID NO.: 307, DR2R, 5′→3′ direction, 154069 to 156012, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-648
SEQ ID NO.: 308, DR6R, 5′→3′ direction, 158067 to 158378, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-104
SEQ ID NO.: 309, DR7R, 5′→3′ direction, 159554 to 160192, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-213
SEQ ID NO.: 310, U12, 5′→3′ direction, 22479 to 22511 and 22589 to 23617, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-354
SEQ ID NO.: 311, U12, 5′→3′ direction, 22479 to 22511 and 22589 to 23617, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-354
SEQ ID NO.: 312, U50, 5′→3′ direction, 81877 to 83544, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-556
SEQ ID NO.: 313, U50, 5′→3′ direction, 81877 to 83544, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-556
SEQ ID NO.: 314, U63, 5′→3′ direction, 99756 to 100412, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-219
SEQ ID NO.: 315, U63, 5′→3′ direction, 99756 to 100412, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-219
SEQ ID NO.: 316, U65, 5′→3′ direction, 101675 to 102682, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-336
SEQ ID NO.: 317, U65, 5′→3′ direction, 101675 to 102682, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-336
SEQ ID NO.: 318, U68, 5′→3′ direction, 104652 to 104996, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 319, U68, 5′→3′ direction, 104652 to 104996, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-115
SEQ ID NO.: 320, U71, 5′→3′ direction, 108101 to 108346, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-82
SEQ ID NO.: 321, U71, 5′→3′ direction, 108101 to 108346, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-82
SEQ ID NO.: 322, U74, 5′→3′ direction, 111786 to 113774, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-663
SEQ ID NO.: 323, U74, 5′→3′ direction, 111786 to 113774, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-663
SEQ ID NO.: 324, genome sequence (complementary strand) of strain HST
SEQ ID NO.: 325, DRHN2R, 3′→5′ direction, 160278 to 160748, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-157
SEQ ID NO.: 326, DRHNLR, 3′→5′ direction, 158065 to 158574, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-170
SEQ ID NO.: 327, DR3R, 3′→5′ direction, 155760 to 156362, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-201
SEQ ID NO.: 328, RJ1, 3′→5′ direction, 153060 to 153407, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-116
SEQ ID NO.: 329, U100, 3′→5′ direction, 151529 to 151918, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-130
SEQ ID NO.: 330, U99, 3′→5′ direction, 151115 to 151396, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-94
SEQ ID NO.: 331, U98, 3′→5′ direction, 150376 to 150870, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-165
SEQ ID NO.: 332, HN2, 3′→5′ direction, 149749 to 149913, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-55
SEQ ID NO.: 333, U97, 3′→5′ direction, 149352 to 149651, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-100
SEQ ID NO.: 334, U94, 3′→5′ direction, 142683 to 144155, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-491
SEQ ID NO.: 335, HN1, 3′→5′ direction, 141543 to 142355, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-271
SEQ ID NO.: 336, U90, 3′→5′ direction, 137810 to 138085, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-92
SEQ ID NO.: 337, U89, 3′→5′ direction, 134808 to 137684, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-959
SEQ ID NO.: 338, U86, 3′→5′ direction, 127176 to 131717, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1514
SEQ ID NO.: 339, U85, 3′→5′ direction, 126160 to 127038, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-293
SEQ ID NO.: 340, U84, 3′→5′ direction, 125104 to 126132, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-343
SEQ ID NO.: 341, U82, 3′→5′ direction, 123829 to 124581, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-251
SEQ ID NO.: 342, U81, 3′→5′ direction, 122986 to 123753, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-256
SEQ ID NO.: 343, U76, 3′→5′ direction, 114467 to 116455, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-663
SEQ ID NO.: 344, U75, 3′→5′ direction, 113379 to 113756, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-126
SEQ ID NO.: 345, U72, 3′→5′ direction, 108428 to 109462, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-345
SEQ ID NO.: 346, U66, 3′→5′ direction, 102702 to 103619, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-306
SEQ ID NO.: 347, U60, 3′→5′ direction, 98412 to 99380, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-323
SEQ ID NO.: 348, U57, 3′→5′ direction, 90999 to 95036, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1346
SEQ ID NO.: 349, U56, 3′→5′ direction, 90107 to 90997, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-297
SEQ ID NO.: 350, U55, 3′→5′ direction, 88628 to 90106, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-493
SEQ ID NO.: 351, U54, 3′→5′ direction, 87171 to 88550, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-460
SEQ ID NO.: 352, U52, 3′→5′ direction, 84744 to 85343, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-200
SEQ ID NO.: 353, U48, 3′→5′ direction, 79099 to 81183, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-695
SEQ ID NO.: 354, U47, 3′→5′ direction, 76617 to 78833, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-739
SEQ ID NO.: 355, U45, 3′→5′ direction, 74977 to 76107, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-377
SEQ ID NO.: 356, U43, 3′→5′ direction, 71712 to 74294, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-861
SEQ ID NO.: 357, U42, 3′→5′ direction, 69937 to 71487, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-517
SEQ ID NO.: 358, U41, 3′→5′ direction, 65176 to 68574, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1133
SEQ ID NO.: 359, U40, 3′→5′ direction, 62988 to 65168, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-727
SEQ ID NO.: 360, U38, 3′→5′ direction, 57504 to 60542, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-1013
SEQ ID NO.: 361, U35, 3′→5′ direction, 54893 to 55210, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-106
SEQ ID NO.: 362, U33, 3′→5′ direction, 52683 to 54095, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-471
SEQ ID NO.: 363, U32, 3′→5′ direction, 52412 to 52681, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-90
SEQ ID NO.: 364, U29, 3′→5′ direction, 42412 to 43311, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-300
SEQ ID NO.: 365, U28, 3′→5′ direction, 39975 to 42389, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-805
SEQ ID NO.: 366, U26, 3′→5′ direction, 37883 to 38770, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-296
SEQ ID NO.: 367, U25, 3′→5′ direction, 36825 to 37775, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-317
SEQ ID NO.: 368, U24, 3′→5′ direction, 36350 to 36616, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-89
SEQ ID NO.: 369, U23, 3′→5′ direction, 35326 to 36225, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-300
SEQ ID NO.: 370, U21, 3′→5′ direction, 33291 to 34793, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-501
SEQ ID NO.: 371, U20, 3′→5′ direction, 31984 to 33288, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-435
SEQ ID NO.: 372, U19, 3′→5′ direction, 30592 to 31761, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-390
SEQ ID NO.: 373, U18, 3′→5′ direction, 29443 to 30327, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-295
SEQ ID NO.: 374, U17, 3′→5′ direction, 28003 to 28263, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-87
SEQ ID NO.: 375, U16, 3′→5′ direction, 27172 to 27603, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-144
SEQ ID NO.: 376, U15, 3′→5′ direction, 26559 to 26891, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-111
SEQ ID NO.: 377, U11, 3′→5′ direction, 19801 to 22377, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-859
SEQ ID NO.: 378, U8, 3′→5′ direction, 16806 to 18041, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-412
SEQ ID NO.: 379, U7, 3′→5′ direction, 15678 to 16802, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-375
SEQ ID NO.: 380, U5, 3′→5′ direction, 14002 to 15333, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-444
SEQ ID NO.: 381, U4, 3′→5′ direction, 12276 to 13883, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-536
SEQ ID NO.: 382, U3, 3′→5′ direction, 10891 to 12051, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-387
SEQ ID NO.: 383, U2, 3′→5′ direction, 9467 to 10768, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-434
SEQ ID NO.: 384, LJ1, 3′→5′ direction, 8292 to 8807, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-172
SEQ ID NO.: 385, DRHN2, 3′→5′ direction, 7236 to 7706, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-157
SEQ ID NO.: 386, DRHN1, 3′→5′ direction, 5023 to 5532, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-170
SEQ ID NO.: 387, DR3, 3′→5′ direction, 2718 to 3320, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-201
SEQ ID NO.: 388, LT1, 3′→5′ direction, 18 to 365, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-116
SEQ ID NO.: 389, U9, 3′→5′ direction, 18022 to 18336, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-105
SEQ ID NO.: 390, U9, 3′→5′ direction, 18022 to 18336, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-105
SEQ ID NO.: 391, U22, 3′→5′ direction, 34690 to 35298, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-203
SEQ ID NO.: 392, U22, 3′→5′ direction, 34690 to 35298, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-203
SEQ ID NO.: 393, U27, 3′→5′ direction, 38758 to 39933, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-392
SEQ ID NO.: 394, U27, 3′→5′ direction, 38758 to 39933, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-392
SEQ ID NO.: 395, U34, 3′→5′ direction, 54046 to 54876, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-277
SEQ ID NO.: 396, U34, 3′→5′ direction, 54046 to 54876, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-277
SEQ ID NO.: 397, U39, 3′→5′ direction, 60542 to 63034, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-831
SEQ ID NO.: 398, U39, 3′→5′ direction, 60542 to 63034, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-831
SEQ ID NO.: 399, U61, 3′→5′ direction, 99355 to 99867, nucleic acid sequence encoding amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-171
SEQ ID NO.: 400, U61, 3′→5′ direction, 99355 to 99867, amino acid sequence of amino acids 1-171
SEQ ID NO.: 401, BAC vector sequence
SEQ ID NO.: 402, primer BAC7-E1
SEQ ID NO.: 403, primer BAC7-E2
SEQ ID NO.: 404, primer BAC7-E3
SEQ ID NO.: 405, primer BAC7-E4

Claims

1. A recombinant herpesvirus for gene transfer into lymphoid cells.

2-16. (canceled)

17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus ofclaim 1.

18. The pharmaceutical composition ofclaim 17, wherein the composition is in the form of vaccine.

20-42. (canceled)

43. A method to produce a recombinant herpesvirus, comprising:

culturing the mammalian host cell to produce a recombinant herpesvirus.

44-60. (canceled)

61. A virus produced by the method ofclaim 43.

62. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the virus ofclaim 61.

63-100. (canceled)