US20080130640A1 - Multi-Wideband Communications over Multiple Mediums - Google Patents

Abstract

A powerline communications device comprises a powerline communications interface and at least one other communications interface configured to communicate over a computing network. The powerline communications interface is further configured to receive electrical power. The computing network may comprise mediums including powerlines, telephone lines, and/or coaxial cables. In some embodiments, the powerline communications interface may communicate with a network apparatus, such as a personal computer, via an Ethernet interface. The powerline interface, the telephone line interface, and/or the coaxial cable interface may all be associated with the same media access control (MAC) address. The powerline communications device may receive a message via a first medium and repeat the message via a second medium based on a quality of service (QoS) metric. In some embodiments, the powerline communications device may communicate using multiple frequency bands.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES
• This nonprovisional U.S. patent application is a continuation-in-part of nonprovisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/536,539 filed Sep. 28, 2006 and entitled “Multi-Wideband Communications over Powerlines,” which claims benefit of and priority to European Patent Application EP 05 256 179.2, entitled “Power line Communication Device and Method,” filed Oct. 3, 2005 under 35 U.S.C. 119; a continuation-in-part of nonprovisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/562,380 filed Nov. 21, 2006 and entitled “Network Repeater;” and a continuation-in-part of nonprovisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/619,167 filed Jan. 2, 2006 and entitled “Unknown Destination Traffic Repetition” all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND
• 1. Field of Invention
• The present application relates generally to communications and more specifically to multi-wideband communications over multiple mediums.
• 2. Description of the Related Art
• Typically, residences such as houses, apartments, and condominiums have multiple types of wires for power and/or communications. For example, a house may typically have one or more ring mains, or may have multiple spurs configured to supply power to most, if not all, of the rooms in the house. The house may additionally have one or more telephone line connections, including multiple extensions accessible in various rooms. The telephone line may provide telephone communications and/or Internet access using a digital subscriber line (DSL) standard. Many homes additionally have one or more coaxial cable connections to a number of rooms. For example, cable television programming or satellite television programming, or terrestrial analog television may be received via the coaxial cable. In some cases the phone line or coax in the home may be unused by any apparatus. Further, networked apparatuses may communicate via Ethernet cabling.
• Many households include devices that communicate with one another. For example, a television set may communicate with a digital versatile disc (DVD) player to display a movie on the television set. These communications require separate wires and/or cables connecting the DVD player to the television set. These device-to-device wires can become very complex, if, for example, other components such as a stereo system are also connected to the television set. Further, the stereo system may be separately connected via another wire to a personal computer or media player. The use of a dedicated wire between devices additionally limits which devices are able to communicate with one another. For example, many homeowners are reluctant to connect a very long wire from, for example, a television in the kitchen to a DVD player in a bedroom. In addition, with the rise of digital content, such as JPEG digital photographs, MP3 digital music and MPEG digital video, that can arrive from multiple sources, such as the cable service provider or the internet, and could be stored in different devices in the home, such as the Personal Computer (PC) or a Personal Video Recorder (PVR) or a Set Top Box (STB), there is a need to create a digital in-home network that can distribute the digital content through network connected devices throughout the home with high performance and reliability.
• Powerline communication (PLC) is a technology that encodes digital data in a signal and transmits the signal on existing electricity powerlines in a band of frequencies that are not used for supplying electrical power. Accordingly, PLC leverages the ubiquity of sockets within existing power supply networks to provide an extensive number of possible connection points to form a network.
• Referring toFIG. 1, a powerline network in ahousehold100 typically has a distributed mains wiring system consisting of one or more ring mains, several stubs or spurs and some distribution back to ajunction box104. For example, thehousehold100 is supplied electrical power from anexternal line102. Thejunction box104 routes the electrical power amongring mains106,108, and110. Thehousehold100 further comprises atelephone line network112. Thetelephone line network112, as shown, does not require a junction box or division among multiple rings. It should be noted that the powerline network is typically more widely distributed to outlets and rooms than thetelephone line network112.
• As shown inFIG. 1, there are a variety of distances and paths between different power outlets in the household. In particular, the outlets most closely located to each other are those on multi-plug strips, and the outlets furthest away from each other are those on the ends of stubs of different ring mains (e.g. power outlets in the first floor and the second floor). Communications between these furthest outlets typically pass through thejunction box104. In some PLC systems, it may be difficult to pass communications through the junction box, particularly if they are on different alternating current (AC) phases.
• There is, therefore, a need for improved communications systems that overcome the above and other problems.
SUMMARY
• A communications device for simultaneous multi-wideband communications over multiple mediums is provided. The multiple mediums may include, for example, a powerline, a telephone line, and/or a coaxial cable. In some embodiments, a communication may be transmitted or received via any of the mediums. A communication may be received via a first medium and forwarded in a second medium. In some embodiments, a third medium may also be available for reception and/or transmission of the communication. For example, a multi-network interface device may receive a communication via a powerline and forward the received communication via a telephone line. Further, a communication between two multi-network interface devices may be transmitted, in parallel or sequentially, through two or more mediums within a communications network. For example, a video signal may be transmitted from a DVD player to a television via both the powerline and a coaxial cable. In various embodiments, one medium may be used to bridge two portions of another medium. For example, to bypass a junction box or to reach part of the network on a different AC phase, a telephone line may be used as a bridge between sections of mains cable or sections on different AC phases in a powerline network.
• The various media may be used in conjunction with multi-wideband communications. The multi-widebands include, for example, a lower frequency range below approximately thirty megahertz and a higher frequency range above approximately thirty megahertz. In some embodiments, the lower frequency range is between two megahertz and twenty-eight megahertz while the higher frequency range is between fifty megahertz and three hundred megahertz. The lower frequency band may be conducted via the powerline, and the higher frequency band may be conducted via the powerline and/or another medium such as a telephone wire or coax cabling. A single media may be used for communications using both lower and higher frequency ranges. In some embodiments, higher frequency signals may be moved to another frequency range by mixing, for example to take the signal to above an existing service on the wire, such as in the case of a coaxial cable that already caries analog or digital television information. In these embodiments, the higher frequency band may be moved, for example, between 1.2 gigahertz and 1.45 gigahertz or between 1.55 gigahertz and 1.8 gigahertz. In other embodiments, a portion of the higher frequency band may be above 2 gigahertz. In some embodiments, a signal in the higher frequency bands may comprise an ultra-wideband signal at least 500 megahertz wide.
• Communications over the various media may be supported by a single reference design having a single power source. The single reference design is optionally a single unit that comprises filters and other components configured to enable connection to different mediums and passing the communications over these mediums. For example, the single reference design may comprise multiple interfaces configured to communicate over telephone line, powerline, and/or coaxial cable. The single reference design may further allow the different mediums to share a single media access control (MAC) address. The single reference design may be powered via the powerline communications interface. In some embodiments, communications may be received and/or transmitted using powerlines and either telephone lines or coaxial cables. Further, the single reference design may comprise a single host interface controller configured to communicate with a networked apparatus.
• According to various embodiments, a powerline communications device comprises a powerline communications interface, a second communications interface, and a processor. The powerline communications interface is configured to transmit a message via a powerline. The second communications interface is configured to transmit the message via a second medium. The processor is configured to determine, in the alternative, whether to transmit the message via the powerline or the second communications interface based on a quality of service metric associated with the powerline network.
• According to various embodiments, a powerline communications device comprises a network processor and a host interface controller. The network processor comprises logic configured to determine whether to alternatively communicate a message via a powerline communications interface or a second communications interface, the second communications interface being configured to communicate via a telephone line or a coaxial cable, both the powerline communications interface and the second communications interface being associated with a same media access control address. The host interface controller is configured to be shared by communications received through the powerline communications interface and the second communications interface.
• According to various embodiments, a network comprises a first section of mains cable configured to provide AC power, a second section of mains cable configured to provide AC power and connected to the first section of mains cable via a junction box, a telephone network, a first device configured to receive a message via the first section of mains cable and forward the message via the telephone network, and a second device configured to receive the message from the first device via the telephone network, and to forward the message via the second section of mains cable.
• According to various embodiments, a method comprises generating a message; transmitting the message via a first section of mains cable connected to a second section of mains cable via a junction box; receiving the message at a first device; transmitting the message from the first device, via a telephone line or a coaxial cable; receiving the message from the first device, at a second device; and transmitting the message from the second device, via the second section of mains cable.
• According to various embodiments, a network comprises a first section of mains cable configured to provide AC power, a second section of mains cable configured to provide AC power and connected to the first section of mains cable via a junction box, a coaxial cable network, a first device configured to receive a message via the first section of mains cable and forward the message via the coaxial cable network, and a second device configured to receive the message from the first device via the coaxial cable network, and to forward the message via the second section of mains cable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Multiple embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying Figures in which:
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of a prior art household;
• FIG. 2A is a diagram of an exemplary multi-network interface device comprising a plurality of interfaces for communicating over various mediums, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 2B is a diagram of an exemplary embedded multi-network interface device comprising a plurality of interfaces for communicating over various mediums, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 2C is a diagram of an exemplary multi-network interface device connected to a network apparatus, according to various embodiments.
• FIG. 3 includes exemplary communications transmission spectra of three mediums, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a first circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a second circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a third circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a fourth circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a fifth circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 9 depicts the frequency characteristics of a frequency band associated with the signal used by the fifth integrated circuit embodiment depicted inFIG. 8, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a sixth circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a seventh circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an eighth circuit embodiment of the multi-network interface device, according to various embodiments;
• FIG. 13 is a flowchart depicting an exemplary method for communicating within a network, according to various embodiments; and
• FIG. 14 is a flowchart depicting an exemplary method for bridging between mediums, according to various embodiments.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• For the sake of clarity, the term “powerline” will be used herein to refer to low voltage household or commercial mains distribution cabling (typically 100-240 V AC power) or any other distributed electrically conductive AC cabling that is capable of passing power to appliances connected to it. Furthermore, the term “powerline technology” will be used herein to refer to a specification that when implemented as a series of network interface devices connected to a powerline, enables the devices to bi-directionally communicate with each other using signals superimposed on the power distribution AC voltages also present on the powerline.
• The term “multi-network interface device” will be used herein to describe an apparatus that implements either fully or partially, at least two communications technologies, such as a powerline technology, a telephone line technology, or a coaxial cable technology to enable the apparatus to communicate with other devices connected via the same communications technology (such as a powerline, telephone line, or coaxial cable) to a network, regardless of whether or not the apparatus is integrated with other apparatuses or functions within a single enclosure. In some embodiments, the multi-network interface device may be a powerline communications device having additional communications interfaces for communicating via a phone line and/or a coaxial cable.
• For the sake of clarity, in terms of explanation of operation of the multi-network interface device around current powerline, telephone line, and coaxial cable technologies, a frequency band used in the multi-network interface device comprising a frequency of less than about 30 MHz, will be known herein as a “low band(s)”. Similarly, a frequency band(s) used in the powerline communication devices, telephone line communications devices, and coaxial cable communications devices whose frequency is greater than about 30 MHz will be known herein as “high band(s).”
• For the sake of simplicity, the term “signal path” will be used to refer to the path of a signal transmitted or received from a network apparatus to the powerline, telephone line or coaxial cable.
• The term “separate,” as used herein with respect to frequency bands, is to characterize frequency bands that do not use, except incidentally, the same frequencies for communication data or commands. Frequency bands may be separate but interleaved, e.g., overlapping.
• The term “simultaneously” is used herein with respect to communicating data to indicate that at least part of first data or commands are communicated using a first frequency band and/or medium at the same time as at least part of second data or commands are communicated using a second frequency band and/or medium. For example, simultaneous transmission is contrasted with systems that alternate or interleave the use of frequency ranges, one frequency range after the other or hopping from one frequency range to the other frequency range while not using both frequency ranges at the same moment.
• The term “independent” is used herein with respect to data transmitted to indicate that data transmitted using one frequency band does not depend on data transmitted using another frequency band. Independent data transmission can include, for example, data sent to or received from different locations. Data in which alternative bits are transmitted using different frequencies is not independent because the bits are dependent on each other to form a useful byte. Data transmitted in a first frequency band and including communication setup information, decryption keys, communication commands, or the like is considered independent from data sent in a second frequency band, even when the receipt or processing of the data sent in the second frequency band may use the data in the first frequency band. This is because, transmission of the communication setup information, decryption keys, communication commands, or the like does not depend on the data sent in the second frequency band.
• The term “wideband” is used herein to refer to a frequency band or range used by a powerline, telephone line, or coaxial cable technology signal, characterized by having a bandwidth of greater than, or equal to, about 5 MHz from the first (lowest) frequency to the last (highest) frequency of the band irrespective of the presence of notches. However, in various embodiments, wideband may have bandwidths of at least 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20, 100, 250 or 500 MHz. A wideband may include many different carrier channels used to convey data. For example, in various embodiments, widebands include more than 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 data carrier frequencies with or without CDMA sequences. Various embodiments of the invention may make use of wide or narrow frequency bands.
• The term “section of mains cable” is used herein to refer to various sections of cabling in a typical AC electrical wiring system in a home or building or dwelling. The various sections may be separated from each other by the electrical distribution means, such as a junction box, fuse box, surge protector, residual current detector, or the like. An individual section of mains cable may be on a different AC phase than other sections of mains cable within the dwelling. There may be one or more sockets, switches and/or appliances associated with a single section of mains cable. The section of mains cable may comprise two or three core class cables with or without shielding. The AC electrical wiring system may transfer electricity having a voltage of approximately 110 Volts, 240 Volts, or other standard voltage levels. The section of mains cable may comprise, at least in part, a ring main or loop. The section of mains cable may comprise, at least in part, a spur that may be part of a branch-based arrangement.
• It will be appreciated that the specific network and other examples described in these sections are used for illustrative purposes only. In particular, the examples described in these sections should in no way be construed as limiting the disclosed communication devices.
• Some embodiments of the communications network comprise a plurality of nodes of which some employ a multi-network interface device that enables simultaneous and/or independent communication over two or more mediums. A first frequency band optionally comprises frequencies of less than 30 MHz and the other frequency band(s) comprise frequencies of greater than 30 MHz. Alternatively, both a first and a second frequency band may comprise frequencies greater than 30 MHz. Because of the multiple frequency bands can be in different ranges, communications can be optimized for each of the mediums such that the trade-off between cost, coverage, and throughput will be superior to that achieved by a network comprising a single medium.
• The computing network comprising powerlines, telephone lines, and/or coaxial cable provides inter-operability with prior art powerline technologies by also supporting communication between multi-medium nodes and single medium nodes (that communicate via a single medium (e.g. powerline).
• The multi-network interface device may be part of an external modem apparatus or embedded within another apparatus (e.g. computer, television, etc.). However, regardless of the manner in which the multi-network interface device is included within a network node, the device remains connected to electrically conductive cabling (that passes AC power) and is capable of transmitting data across the cabling using the low and/or high bands. Further, the multi-network interface device is capable of communicating over more than one medium (e.g. telephone line, coaxial cable, or powerline).
• The multi-network interface device typically employs an analog signal separation device configured to isolate data communication paths from AC power transmission, prior art telephone line communication, and/or prior art coaxial cable communication, to an apparatus. One of the most efficient ways of providing this isolation is by high-pass filtering or band-pass filtering whilst minimizing out-of band signals in the low band. For example, high band signals may be filtered using high linearity components and low band signals may be filtered using analog low-pass smoothing or anti-aliasing. It may not be necessary to perform the isolation on both receiver and transmitter signal paths (depending on the specifications of the analog components and the modulation techniques employed therein).
• Signals in the high band and the low band can use the same or different modulation techniques (e.g. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and/or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)) or time division schemes to facilitate co-existence and/or bi-directional communication. In one embodiment, the low band employs a modulation scheme that is inter-operable with one of the existing powerline modem standards or proposals, whilst the high band on the powerline is used for performance expansion beyond previous standards or in other mediums. Data and/or control commands can be passed through one or both of the mediums simultaneously and via a plurality of multi-network interface devices in the form of a repeater (e.g., relay) network. As such, it is possible for the frequency bands to overlap slightly, and to include different frequency ranges or bandwidths, relative to those cited herein.
• In some embodiments, different types of signals are communicated in different frequency bands. For example, in one embodiment, communication setup information, node discovery signals, path discovery signals, encryption or decryption keys, communication commands, and/or other types of command and control signals are communicated in a first frequency band while other types of data (e.g., non-command and control) are communicated in a second frequency band. The other types of data communicated in the second frequency band may include video, audio, and/or text, etc.
• FIG. 2A is a diagram of an exemplarymulti-network interface device200 comprising a plurality of interfaces for communicating over various mediums. The exemplarymulti-network interface device200 may be a separate device, such as an adapter, or embedded into a network apparatus such as a television, stereo, DVD player, personal computer, or the like. Themulti-network interface device200 may comprise one or more communications interfaces including aphone line interface202, apowerline interface204, and/or acoaxial cable interface206. The communications interfaces are each configured to communicate over their respective mediums. Themulti-network interface device200 may further comprise one or more interfaces for communication with an apparatus connected to themulti-network interface device200. For example, as shown, themulti-network interface device200 comprises a second set of communications interfaces including a secondphone line interface208 and anEthernet interface210 configured to connect to telephone and an Ethernet network apparatus, respectively.
• Communications over the various media may be supported by a single reference design having a single power source. The single reference design is optionally a single device that comprises filters and other components configured to enable connection to different mediums and passing the communications over these mediums. For example, the single reference design may comprise multiple interfaces configured to communicate over telephone line, powerline, and/or coaxial cable. The single reference design may further allow the different mediums to share a single media access control (MAC) address. The single reference design may be powered via the powerline communications interface. Further, the single reference design may comprise a single host interface controller configured to be shared by communications using the various mediums.
• Thetelephone interface202 is configured to communicate over a telephone line network. The telephone interface may, in addition to communicating high band signal(s), simultaneously communicate voice signals, DSL signals (including ADSL and VDSL signals), Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (HPNA)-compatible signals, and/or the like. Additionally, the telephone line may already carry these types of signals generated by other sources in other locations.
• Thepowerline interface204 may comprise an interface configured to receive electrical power via a powerline. Thepowerline interface204 may comprise a male and/or female connector.
• Thecoaxial cable interface206 is configured to communicate via a coaxial cable network. The coaxial cable interface, may, in addition to communicating high band communication signal(s), also communicate DSL signals, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)-compatible signals, television broadcast signals (including cable television and/or digital television signals), Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA)-compatible signals, Satellite L-Band signals, and/or the like. Additionally, the coaxial cable may already carry these types of signals generated by other sources in other locations.
• Thesecond telephone interface208 is configured to communicate a signal between themulti-network interface device200 and a device. For example, thesecond telephone interface208 may communicate with a telephone or a DSL modem. In other embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 may comprise a secondcoaxial cable interface206 and/or asecond powerline interface204.Second telephone interface208 may be connected to a telephone and be used to communicate a telephone call.
• TheEthernet interface210 is one example of a host interface and is configured to communicate a signal between themulti-network interface device200 and a device configured to communicate over an Ethernet connection. The Ethernet interface may, for example, be connected to a personal computer, media player, or WiFi modem. TheEthernet interface210 may be part of a device compatible with the Universal Plug 'n Play (UPnP) standard, Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) standard, or the like.
• In operation, the communications signal may travel on one or more of the mediums to reach themulti-network interface device200 from another node on the network. Themulti-network interface device200 may be configured to determine the medium on which to transmit the communications signal based on a Quality of Service (QoS) metric associated with each medium. The QoS metric may measure network latency, network throughput, available bandwidth, or the like. Themulti-network interface device200 may vary which medium is used to transmit signals if the QoS metric changes over time.
• Signals are received at one of the interfaces (telephone line interface202, thepowerline interface204, thecoaxial cable interface206, the secondtelephone line interface208, and/or the Ethernet interface210) where they may be filtered, converted, frequency shifted, modulated, mixed, or otherwise modified the signal to generate a desirable output signal. The output signal may be transmitted via any of the interfaces including thetelephone line interface202, thepowerline interface204, thecoaxial cable interface206, the secondtelephone line interface208, and/or theEthernet interface210.
• In some embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 is associated with a single media access control (MAC) address. That is, communications received via any of the mediums may be addressed to the same MAC address. In some embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 may be associated with two or more MAC addresses and/or have two or more Ethernet interfaces210. In these embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 may comprise a router and routing table, a switch, or the like.
• In some embodiments having more than one interface, such as those shown, the signal may substantially “pass through” thecommunication device200. To illustrate, themulti-network interface device200 may be connected to the telephone line via the telephoneline communications interface202. As telephone line connections typically occur less frequently than other connections in a home, a homeowner may wish to install a telephone in the same telephone line connection. Hence, by including the second telephoneline communications interface208, the homeowner may install themulti-network interface device200 while still being able to use the same telephone line connection for a telephone.
• FIG. 2B is a diagram of anexemplary apparatus212 comprising an embeddedmulti-network interface device200 having a plurality of interfaces for communicating over various mediums, according to various embodiments. Theapparatus212 comprises themulti-network interface device200, ahost subsystem214, ahost interface216, and anapparatus interface218.
• Theapparatus212 may comprise a network apparatus such as a set top box, a DSL Home Gateway, a television set, a DVD player, a kitchen appliance (e.g. a refrigerator, microwave, stove, oven, etc.), a wireless access point, a computing device, a data storage device, a stereo, or the like. Thehost subsystem214 comprises the prior art hardware and/or software included in the network apparatus, e.g., the television receiver or the DVD reader. Thehost interface206 comprises a communications interface between themulti-network interface device200 andhost subsystem214. Theapparatus interface218 is an output or input of thehost subsystem214 as known in the prior art.
• FIG. 2C is a diagram of an exemplarymulti-network interface device200 connected to aseparate network apparatus220. In the shown embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is connected to apowerline106 and atelephone line112, via thepowerline interface204 and thetelephone line interface202, respectively. Themulti-network interface device200 is also connected to thenetwork apparatus220 via ahost interface216 to thenetwork apparatus220. One example of thehost interface216 is theEthernet interface210. As shown in one embodiment, thenetwork apparatus220 comprises a laptop computer. In other embodiments, thenetwork apparatus220 may comprise a set top box, a DSL Home Gateway, a television set, a DVD player, a kitchen appliance (e.g. a refrigerator, microwave, stove, oven, etc.), a wireless access point, a computing device, a data storage device, a stereo, or the like.
• Generally, thehost interface216 is configured to communicate directly with a network apparatus and to act as a first interface between the network apparatus and the rest of the network. In comparison with other interfaces of themulti-network interface device200, thehost interface216 is optionally connected to just thenetwork apparatus220 rather than a network including multiple devices and/or mediums. Typically, thehost interface216 is configured to provide communications between thenetwork apparatus220 and themulti-network interface device200 over a single medium. As is illustrated inFIGS. 2B and 2C, thehost interface216 may be embedded within anapparatus212 or may be an interface between the separate devices (e.g.,multi-network interface device200 and the network apparatus220).
• Thehost interface216 is one example of a “host interface.” For example, a host interface may be a boundary between two entities that exchange data using Ethernet class II packets and interfaces associated with a direct application endpoint or start point. Examples of Ethernet class II packets include IEEE 802.3 packets with or without IEEE 802.2 (Logical Link Control (LLC)), IEEE 802.1H (Sub Network Access Protocol (SNAP)) extensions and/or Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) tagging. Further examples of thehost interface216 include: Ethernet 10/100/1000, Media Independent Interface (MII), Gigabit Media Independent Interface (GMII), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Host Processor Interface, Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0, Firewire, Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended (PCI-X), Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe), Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), Service Provider Interface (SPI), or the like. Examples ofhost interface216 associated with a direct application end point or start point include: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) I/II/III, Universal Serial Bus (USB) 2.0, Inter-Integrated Circuit Sound (I2S), Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), Infrared Data Association (IrDA) protocols, Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Transport Stream (TS), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), and Video Graphics Array (VGA).
• FIG. 3 includes exemplary communications transmission spectra of three mediums, according to various embodiments. Any or all of the mediums (powerlines, telephone lines, and/or coaxial cable) may be present in a network. In some embodiments, the various frequency bands depicted inFIG. 3 may comprise widebands and/or narrow bands. Other, different, communications spectra may be used in alternative embodiments. In the spectra depicted, the x-axis represents frequency.
• In aspectrum302, a communications transmission spectrum as may be associated with a powerline is shown. Thespectrum302 comprises alow band304 and ahigh band306. Thelow band304 may comprise frequency bands below approximately thirty megahertz. Thelow band304 may include base band powerline communications frequencies as described in the HomePlug AV standard (i.e. two megahertz to thirty megahertz). Thehigh band306 comprises one or more frequency bands above approximately thirty megahertz (e.g. fifty megahertz to three hundred megahertz). In some embodiments, thehigh band306 may comprise a frequency band above one gigahertz. In some embodiments, use of thehigh band306 is optional. Communications signals may be transmitted on the powerline in both thelow band304 and thehigh band306 simultaneously and/or independently.
• In aspectrum308, a communications transmission spectrum as may be associated with a telephone line is shown. The spectrum comprises alower frequency band310 on which communications of the prior art are transmitted. These communications include voice telephony, ADSL, VDSL, HPNA, and the like. Thehigh band306, used in powerline communications, may also be used on the telephone line.
• Inspectrums312,322, and326, alternate communication transmission spectra associated with coaxial cable technologies are shown. These transmission spectra include some frequency bands used for communications in the prior art. Afrequency band314, for example, is currently associated with DSL standards and DOCSIS. Afrequency band316 is associated with television broadcasts, cable television, and digital television.Frequency band318 is associated with the MoCA standard and the Satellite L-Band between three hundred ninety megahertz and 1.55 gigahertz.
• Inspectrum312, the communication signal associated with a home network is transmitted at a higher frequency than the satellite L-band, namely, above 1.55 gigahertz, in ahigh band320. Thehigh band320 may be associated with a bandwidth of approximately two hundred fifty megahertz. Thus, a service provider can fully exploit the L-band without interference caused by the home network. Further, placing thehigh band320 above the other frequencies used by a service provider may reduce the likelihood that content, such as downloaded films or television shows, provided by the service provider may be hacked or otherwise stolen by a homeowner.
• Inspectrum322, the communication signal associated with the home network is communicated at least partially within the L-band inhigh band324. In some embodiments, thehigh band324 ranges from approximately one gigahertz to approximately 1.5 gigahertz. For example, thehigh band324 may range from approximately 1.2 gigahertz and 1.45 gigahertz. In various embodiments, thehigh band324 may use frequencies not lower than 1.1 gigahertz, 1.2 gigahertz, 1.3 gigahertz, 1.4 gigahertz, 1.5 gigahertz, 1.6 gigahertz, 1.7 gigahertz, 1.8 gigahertz, 1.9 gigahertz and 2.0 gigahertz. Frequency ranges included in some embodiments are described in nonprovisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/536,539 filed Sep. 28, 2006 and entitled “Multi-Wideband Communications over Powerlines.” In some embodiments, the signal transmit infrequency band318 and/or the signal transmit inhigh band324 may be encrypted or otherwise protected.
• Inspectrum326, iffrequency band316 associated with television broadcasts, cable television, and digital television, is not being used, the communication signal associated with the home network is communicated at least partially withinfrequency band328. At least a portion of thefrequency band328 includes frequencies between 50 MHz and 300 MHz.
• The followingFIGS. 4-8 and10-12 depict various embodiments ofmulti-network interface device200. The depicted embodiments support communications via a powerline and a telephone line, and via a powerline and a coaxial cable. It is understood that these embodiments may be modified by those skilled in the art to support communications over any combination of the three mediums. Further, amulti-network interface device200 may support communications via a telephone line and a coaxial cable, but not a powerline. The embodiments shown may comprise one or more integrated circuit.
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a first circuit embodiment of themulti-network interface device200. In this embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is configured to provide communications interfaces for a powerline and a telephone line. A communication may be received and/or transmitted via thetelephone line interface202 and/or thepowerline interface204. In some embodiments, the telephone line is passively shared with prior art telephone signals. Themulti-network interface device200 processes a communications signal received through thetelephone line interface202 and/orpowerline interface204 and provides a resulting output signal via anoptional Ethernet interface210, and vice-versa.Ethernet interface210 is optionally coupled to a network apparatus such as a television set, DVD player, media player, personal computer, speaker, stereo, video game console, personal digital assistant, or the like. Alternatively, themulti-network interface device200 may receive the communications signal from one of thetelephone line interface202 or thepowerline interface204 and transmit the communications signal via the othertelephone line interface202 or the power-line interface204. In embodiments configured to communicate on both a powerline and a telephone line, the telephone line may be used to provide redundancy in a mesh or ad-hoc network.
• In one embodiment, a signal is communicated via thetelephone line interface202. These signals may be communicated in thehigh band306. The signal path from thetelephone line interface202 to theEthernet interface210 comprises asurge protector402, aninductive coupler404, ahigh pass filter406, anetwork processor412, and ahost interface controller414. Thehigh pass filter406 may allow only frequencies above approximately thirty megahertz to pass. Thesurge protector402, theinductive coupler404, and thehigh pass filter406 collectively provide signal communications without significantly impacting services existing on lower frequencies.
• In some embodiments, a signal is communicated via thepowerline interface204. The signal may be communicated via thelow band304 and/or thehigh band306. The signal path from thepowerline interface204 to theEthernet interface210 comprises aninductive coupler408, and, depending on the frequency band of the signal, thehigh pass filter406 and/or alow pass filter410. Like the signal path associated with thetelephone line interface202, theinductive coupler408, thehigh pass filter406 and thelow pass filter410 collectively provide signal communications without significantly impacting prior art signals at lower frequencies. In some embodiments, thepowerline interface204 may not be configured to communicate via thehigh band306. In these embodiments, thehigh pass filter406 is optional.
• In some embodiments, thenetwork processor412 and thehost interface controller414 are shared by the signal paths associated with thepowerline interface204 and thetelephone line interface202. Thenetwork processor412 comprises processing circuitry to remove noise, amplify the signal, and/or convert an analog signal to a digital signal or vice-versa. Thenetwork processor412 may comprise two or more analog front ends (AFE). One of the AFEs is configured to receive and/or transmit a communications signal on thehigh band206 and the other of the AFEs is configured to receive and/or transmit a communications signal on thelow band304. In the embodiment shown, a communication signal received via thehigh band306 passes through thehigh pass filter406 and ahigh frequency AFE416, and a communication signal received via thelow band304 passes through thelow pass filter410 and alow frequency AFE418.
• Thenetwork processor412 may further comprise a line driver, programmable gain amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and/or a digital-to-analog converter. Possible configurations of thenetwork processor412 are described in greater detail in nonprovisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/536,539 filed Sep. 28, 2006 and entitled “Multi-Wideband Communications over Powerlines.” Logic within the network processor may determine whether to transmit a communication signal via a certain communications interface based on a quality of service metric of the communications network or a purpose of the communication signal. Thenetwork processor412 may be compatible with the HomePlug AV standard or other standards associated with powerline communications, telephone line communications, or coaxial cable communications.Network processor412 is optionally configured to process prior art telephone signals, e.g., if themulti-network interface device200 is included in a telephone.
• The host interface controller (ICONT)414 allows for communication of data between theEthernet interface210 and thenetwork processor412. For example, theICONT414 may implement an Ethernet controller as specified by IEEE 802.3. To illustrate, theICONT414 includes the Physical and Data Link layers as defined in the seven layer OSI reference model for standardizing computer-to-computer communications. Additionally,ICONT414 may implement a TCP/IP stack that includes the Network, Transport and Application layers of the OSI reference model. Themulti-network interface device200 may receive power via thepowerline interface204.ICONT414 is optionally included withinnetwork processor412, host interface PCI driver, or the like.
• FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of themulti-network interface device200. In this embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is configured to communicate a first signal via thelow band304 over a powerline and to communicate a second signal via thehigh band306 over a telephone line. Themulti-network interface device200 additionally comprises a secondtelephone line interface208. The secondtelephone line interface208 may be used to communicate voice, ADSL, VDSL, or HPNA signals withinband310.
• To allow communication between thetelephone line interface202 and the secondtelephone line interface208, an optional secondinductive coupler502 may be placed between thesurge protector402 and theinductive coupler404. The secondinductive coupler502 is coupled to an optionallow pass filter504 to isolate the signal within theband310 from other communications signals communicated within thehigh band306. Thelow pass filter504 may pass frequencies below approximately thirty megahertz. Anothersurge protector402 may be placed between thelow pass filter504 and the secondtelephone line interface208. A user may connect a non-network apparatus such as a telephone, DSL modem, or the like to the secondtelephone line interface208. In alternative embodiments, the firsttelephone line interface202 and the secondtelephone line interface208 are connected by a direct pass-through connection.
• FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of amulti-network interface device200. In this embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is configured to communicate a first signal via thelow band304 over a powerline, to communicate a second signal via thehigh band306 over the powerline, and optionally to communicate the second signal or a third signal via thehigh band306 over a telephone line. Themulti-network interface device200 comprises asecond telephone interface208 from which a fourth signal, inband310, may be communicated as discussed in connection withFIG. 5.
• Themulti-network interface device200 comprises anetwork processor412 having a singlehigh frequency AFE416 configured to receive or transmit signals communicated via thehigh band306 over both the powerline and the telephone line. The singlehigh frequency AFE416 optionally includes passive sharing of the powerline and the phone line. As such, the singlehigh frequency AFE416 can only receive or only transmit one signal at any one time.
• FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of themulti-network interface device200. The embodiment ofmulti-network interface device200 illustrated inFIG. 7 is substantially similar to themulti-network interface device200 illustrated inFIG. 6 except for a dualhigh frequency AFE702. The dualhigh frequency AFE702 includes two separate inputs configured to independently and simultaneously communicate signals in thehigh band306 and through both thetelephone line interface202 and thepowerline interface204.
• FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a fifth embodiment of themulti-network interface device200. In this embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is configured to communicate between anoptional Ethernet interface210, apowerline interface204, and acoaxial cable interface206. The communication may pass between any two or all three of these interfaces. For example, themulti-network interface device200, as shown, may communicate over a powerline using thelow band304 and over coaxial cable using eitherband320 orband324. In other embodiments, the powerline signal path may be configured to support communications over thehigh band306. Themulti-network interface device200 may support communications between thepower line interface204 and thecoaxial cable interface206. The signal path from the powerline interface to theEthernet interface210 is further discussed herein, for example, in connection withFIG. 4.
• The signal path from thecoaxial cable interface206 comprises aninductive coupler802, aband pass filter804, a receiving signal path, and transmitting signal path, alocal oscillator812, alow pass filter814, thenetwork processor412, and theICONT414. From theICONT414, the signal may be communicated to theEthernet interface210 and/or thepowerline interface204. The receiving signal path comprises alow noise amplifier806, aband pass filter808, and an optionaldown converter mixer810. The transmitting signal path comprises an optional upconverter mixer816, aband pass filter818, and aprogrammable amplifier820. Thenetwork processor412 and theICONT414 may be shared with the powerline signal path.
• The coaxial cable may carry signals at frequencies above one gigahertz, as described herein, for example, in connection withFIG. 3. Thenetwork processor412 may be configured to process signals having frequencies withinlow band304 andhigh band306. Therefore, these signals may be shifted between thehigh band306 and thehigh band320 or thehigh band324 along the coaxial cable signal path using the upconverter mixer816 or thedown converter mixer310, respectively. In some embodiments, clock error on the coaxial cable may be communicated over the powerline using thepowerline interface204 Theinductive coupler802 and theband pass filter804 collectively enable signal communications without impacting prior art services on lower frequencies.
• The low-noise amplifier806 may amplify a signal received via thecoaxial cable interface206 based on a control signal received from thenetwork processor412. The signal may then pass through an optional secondband pass filter808 before entering thedown converter mixer810. The downconverter mixer810 is controlled by thelocal oscillator812, which is, in turn, controlled by thenetwork processor412. The downconverter mixer810 is configured, based on the received signal, to generate two lower frequency sidebands. Thelow pass filter814 passes one of the two lower frequency sidebands. The passed lower frequency sideband is then processed by thenetwork processor412.
• An output signal from thenetwork processor412 via thecoaxial cable interface206 optionally passes through thelow pass filter814, the upconverter mixer816, aband pass filter818, and aprogrammable gain amplifier820. The upconverter mixer816 is controlled by thelocal oscillator812 and generates two side bands. Theband pass filter818 isolates one of the sidebands for transmission via the coaxial cable. The isolated sideband may be selected based on the presence or absence of satellite L-band signals on the coaxial cable. The isolated sideband is then amplified byprogrammable amplifier820. The signal passes through theband pass filter804 and theinductive coupler802 upon leaving the transmission path.
• FIG. 9 depicts frequency bands associated with the signal used by the fifthintegrated circuit embodiment200 depicted inFIG. 8, according to various embodiments when the signal is communicated via the coaxial cable.Spectra902,904, and906 depict frequency characteristics of a signal received by themulti-network interface device200 along the receiving signal path.Spectra908,910, and912 depict frequency characteristics of the signal transmitted by the multi-network interface device800 along the transmitting signal path. In the embodiment shown, the signals are communicated via the coaxial cable usinghigh band324. In other embodiments, the signals may be received and/or transmitted overhigh band320.
• Inspectra902, a signal within thehigh band324 is received by thecoaxial cable interface206. In the receiving signal path, thedown converter mixer810 generates two sidebands, in thehigh band306 and in anotherband914, based on the received signal as depicted inspectra904. At least one of these sidebands may be withinhigh band306 orlow band304. Inspectra904, the lower frequency sideband is shown to be withinhigh band306. Thelow pass filter814 isolates the sideband inhigh band306 shown inspectrum906, which can be processed bynetwork processor412.
• To transmit a signal via thecoaxial cable interface206, thenetwork processor412 generates the signal in thehigh band306, as shown inspectrum908. The upconverter mixer816 generates two side bands from the generated signal as shown inspectrum910. In the embodiment shown, at least one of these sidebands is withinhigh bands320 and324 as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 3. Other embodiments may generate sidebands in other frequencies. The sideband, e.g. inband324, to be transmitted via thecoaxial cable interface206 is isolated, as shown inspectrum912, using theband pass filter818. In alternative embodiments,network processor412 is configured to directly process and/or generate signals in thehigh band324 and/or thehigh band320.
• In further embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 may comprise a communications interface is associated with a second media access control address. In these embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 may comprise a router or switch. The router may access a router table to route communications and/or messages to an appropriate MAC address.
• FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a sixth circuit embodiment of themulti-network interface device200, according to various embodiments. In this embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is configured to communicate between anoptional host interface216, apowerline interface204, and acoaxial cable interface206. The multi-network interface device may communicate via the powerline and/or thehost interface216 as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 4. Further, thecoaxial cable interface206 may communicate signals within thefrequency band328 described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 3. According to these embodiments, thehigh pass filter406 may isolate the signals infrequency band328 from those present on the coaxial cable inband314.
• FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a seventh circuit embodiment of themulti-network interface device200, according to various embodiments. In this embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is configured to communicate between anoptional host interface216, apowerline interface204, and acoaxial cable interface206. The multi-network interface device may communicate via the powerline and/or thehost interface216 as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 5. Further, thecoaxial cable interface206 may communicate signals within thefrequency band328 described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 3. Themulti-network interface device200 additionally comprises a secondcoaxial cable interface1102. The secondcoaxial line interface208 may be used to communicate voice, ADSL, VDSL, or HPNA signals withinband314.
• FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an eighth circuit embodiment of themulti-network interface device200, according to various embodiments. In this embodiment, themulti-network interface device200 is configured to communicate a first signal via thelow band304 over a powerline, to communicate a second signal via thehigh band306 over the powerline, and optionally to communicate the second signal or a third signal via thefrequency band328 over a coaxial cable. The multi-network interface device may communicate via the powerline and/or thehost interface216 as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 6. Further, thecoaxial cable interface206 may communicate signals within thefrequency band328 described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 3. Themulti-network interface device200 additionally comprises a secondcoaxial cable interface1102. The secondcoaxial line interface208 may be used to communicate voice, ADSL, VDSL, or HPNA signals withinband314.
• FIG. 13 is a flowchart depicting anexemplary method1300 for communicating within a network, according to various embodiments. In this method, amulti-network interface device200 may become known to, and communicate with, other network devices within a communications network. These other network devices may be further instances ofmulti-network interface device200 or other network devices known in the art. In some embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 may act as a repeater in the network and/or otherwise forward messages to the other network devices via themethod1300.
• In astep1302, themulti-network interface device200 interrogates the communications network by sending and receiving data packets. Thepowerline interface204,telephone line interface202, and/or thecoaxial cable interface206 may be used to send and receive these data packets. The interrogation may, in some embodiments, be initiated by network service provider such as a cable provider. The interrogation may be configured to determine, for example, types of network devices connected to the communications network, MAC addresses associated with these network devices, which mediums and frequency bands may be used to communicate with each of these network devices, possible bandwidths, and/or the like.
• The interrogation may include obtaining one or more quality of service (QoS) metric. These QoS metrics may be associated with specific media and/or specific frequency bands. For example, in some instancesmulti-network interface device200 may be able to communication with another network device through more than one media and/or using more than one frequency band. The QoS metric may be used to determine which media and/or which frequency bands are preferred for communicating with specific network devices.
• In astep1304, a message is received by themulti-network interface device200 from another network device or from theEthernet interface210. The message may be received via an Ethernet cable, the powerline, the telephone line, or the coaxial cable. For example, the message may comprise a request for communications, or a video data signal sent from a DVD player to a television.
• Instep1306, a pathway and associated medium for forwarding the message received instep1304 to another network device is selected. This selection may be based on a QoS requirement, the type of network device to which the message is to be forwarded to, a communication interface associated with the network device, and/or a bandwidth requirement of the message to be sent. This selection may further use information gathered instep1302. For example, bandwidths and QoS metrics determined instep1302 may be compared with bandwidth and QoS requirements.
• More than one medium is optionally selected instep1306. For example, it may be determined that data can be sent via bothtelephone interface202 andpowerline interface204 in parallel to achieve a required bandwidth. Alternatively, it may be determined that command and control signals may be sent viapowerline interface204 while high bandwidth video data can be sent viatelephone interface202 and/or a different frequency band of thepowerline interface204.
• Instep1306, themulti-network interface device200 may select a pathway to a destination. This selection may be made, for example, to avoid passage through a junction box or other pathway associated with a low QoS metric. As such, the selected pathway may include transmitting the received message via thetelephone line interface202 orcoaxial cable interface206, rather than thepower line interface204.
• In astep1308, specific frequency bands associated with the media selected instep1306 are selected for transmitting the message. For example, if the selected media includes a power line coupled topower line interface204, then thelow band304 and/or thehigh band306 may be selected instep1308. If the selected media includes a coaxial cable coupled to thecoaxial cable interface206, then thefrequency bands320 and/or324 may be selected. The selection of frequency bands is typically made based on criteria similar to the criteria used to select media instep1306. For example, the selection may be made based on comparisons of bandwidth and QoS requirements with metrics determined instep1302. More than one frequency band may be selected in step1008. In some embodiments,steps1306 and1308 are combined into a single step.
• In astep1310, the message is transmitted via the selected media selected instep1306 and the frequency bands selected instep1308. The transmission may include using an alternative medium (e.g., the telephone line) and/or shifting the message into another frequency band (e.g., fromlow band304 to high band306).
• FIG. 14 is a flowchart depicting anexemplary method1400 for bridging between mediums, according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, bridging between mediums may be performed when there is a section of the network having a low QoS. To bridge mediums, two or more devices communicate the signal across multiple mediums. For example, in some communications networks using a powerline communications network, passing a signal through a junction box to traverse between sections of mains cable is difficult. Therefore, another medium may be used as a bridge between multiple sections of mains cable.
• In astep1402, a signal is generated. The signal is associated with one or more destinations. In astep1404, the signal is transmitted via a first powerline communications network to a firstmulti-network interface device200. The firstmulti-network interface device200 may be connected to a first section of mains cable. Instep1406, the signal is received at the firstmulti-network interface device200.
• In anoptional step1408, the signal is shifted into another frequency band for transmission via the telephone line or coaxial cable. In astep1410, the signal is transmit from the firstmulti-network interface device200 via the telephone line or coaxial cable to a secondmulti-network interface device200. In astep1412, the signal is received at the secondmulti-network interface device200 via the telephone line or coaxial cable. The second device may be connected to, for example, a second section of mains cable separated from the first section of mains cable by a junction box. In astep1414, the signal is transmitted via the second powerline communications network. The signal may be modified in frequency or content by the first or secondmulti-network interface device200.
• Several embodiments are specially illustrated and/or described herein. However, it will be appreciated that modification and variations are covered by the above teachings and within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope thereof. For example, the techniques described herein may be used in household, commercial, civic, industrial and/or vehicle power systems. Further, various embodiments may be embodied in firmware, hardware, and/or software (stored on a computer readable media), executable by a processor. These element forms are generally referred to as “logic.”
• In some embodiments, one of the communications interfaces included inmulti-network interface device200 may be configured to communicate over a wireless network, such as a WiFi network, and comprise a wireless network antenna. According to various embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 may include a transformer configured to transform AC power received via the powerline to DC power (e.g., 5V, 12V, or 24V) to power a network apparatus. In these embodiments, themulti-network interface device200 includes an AC/DC converter. In various embodiments,Ethernet interface210 may be replaced by another computer interface such as a universal serial bus interface, a parallel port interface, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) interface, an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), a wireless interface, and/or other industry standard data interface.
• Some embodiments of themulti-network interface device200 include external devices that comprise two interfaces configured to communicate via two types of mediums. These devices may or may not include a bypass as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 5.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and via a telephone line on a high band to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band and via a telephone line on a high band to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and via a coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and via coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like.
• Some embodiments of themulti-network interface device200 include external devices that comprise three interfaces configured to communicate via three types of mediums. These devices may or may not include a bypass as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 5.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via a telephone line on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, via a telephone line on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline-on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, via a telephone line on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to one or more host interfaces configured to communicate using Ethernet 10/100/1000, WiFi, UWB, Wireless USB, USB2.0, Firewire, or the like.
• Some embodiments of themulti-network interface device200 include embedded devices that comprise two interfaces configured to communicate via two types of mediums. These devices may or may not communicate over mediums that also have signals for other services in other frequency bands. Examples of these services include DOCSIS, Cable TV, or the like in a coaxial cable modem and/or DSL, Voice, or the like in a DSL Home Gateway device.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and via a telephone line on a high band to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and via a telephone line on a high band to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and via a coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like.
• Some embodiments of themulti-network interface device200 include embedded devices that comprise three interfaces configured to communicate via three types of mediums. These devices may or may not communicate over mediums that also have signals for other services in other frequency bands. Examples of these services include DOCSIS, Cable TV, or the like in a coaxial cable modem and/or DSL, Voice, or the like in a DSL Home Gateway device.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via a telephone line on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band; via a telephone line on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band to one or more host interfaces to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via a telephone line on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to one or more host interfaces to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, via a telephone line on a high band, and via a coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to one or more host interfaces to one or more host interfaces such as MII, GMII, PCI, MiniPCI, PCI-X, PCIe, Host Processor Interface, SPI, UART, or the like.
• Some embodiments of themulti-network interface device200 include external repeater devices that comprise two or three interfaces configured to communicate via two or three types of mediums. These devices may or may not include a bypass as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 5.
• One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band and the telephone line on a high band. One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band, the power line on a high band, and the telephone line on a high band. One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band and the coaxial-cable on a high band. One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band, the power line on a high band, and the coaxial cable on a high band.
• One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band and the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8. One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band, the power line on a high band, and the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8.
• One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band, the telephone line on a high band, and the coaxial cable on the high band. One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band, the power line on a high band, the telephone line on a high band, and the coaxial cable on the high band.
• One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band, the telephone line on a high band, and the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8. One embodiment is configured to repeat signals between the powerline on a low band, the power line on a high band, the telephone line on a high band, and the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8.
• Some embodiments of themulti-network interface device200 comprise two or three network interfaces and a host interface comprising an I2S or Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format (SPDIF) compliant interface for transfer of an audio stream.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and the telephone line on a high band to the host interface. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and the telephone line on a high band to the host interface. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band and the coaxial cable on a high band to the host interface. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and the coaxial cable on a high band to the host interface.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, and via the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to the host interface. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, and via the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to the host interface.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, the telephone line on a high band to the host interface, and the coaxial cable on the high band. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, via the telephone line on a high band to the host interface, and via the coaxial cable on a high band.
• One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the telephone line on the high band, and via the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to the host interface. One embodiment comprises interfaces configured to communicate via the powerline on a low band, via the powerline on a high band, via the telephone line on the high band, and via the coaxial cable on a high band using a mixer as described herein, at least, in connection withFIG. 8 to the host interface.
• The embodiments discussed herein are illustrative of the present invention. As these embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to illustrations, various modifications or adaptations of the methods or specific structures described may become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications, adaptations, or variations that rely upon the teachings of the present invention, and through which these teachings have advanced the art, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hence, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered in a limiting sense, as it is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to only the embodiments illustrated.

Claims (26)

1. A powerline communications device, comprising:

a powerline communications interface configured to communicate a first data signal over a powerline using a first frequency band and to receive electrical power; and

a second communications interface configured to communicate a second data signal over a telephone line or coaxial cable, the second communications interface configured to be powered by the electrical power received through the powerline communications interface and to communicate with a plurality of devices over a communications network, both the first communications interface and the second communications interface associated with a same media access control address.

2. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, wherein the second communications interface comprises a coaxial cable interface.

3. The powerline communication device ofclaim 1, wherein the second communications interface comprises a telephone line interface.

4. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, wherein at least part of the first frequency band comprises frequencies below approximately thirty megahertz.

5. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, wherein second communications interface is configured to communicate the second data signal using a second frequency band comprising, at least in part, frequencies between approximately fifty megahertz and approximately three hundred megahertz.

6. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, wherein the second communications interface is configured to communicate the second data signal using a second frequency band comprising frequencies above one gigahertz.

7. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, wherein the first communications interface and the second communications interface communicate using a second frequency band comprising, at least in part, frequencies between approximately fifty megahertz and approximately three hundred megahertz.

8. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, further comprising a third communications interface configured to communicate a third data signal over the communications network.

9. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, wherein the first communications interface and the second communications interface share at least a portion of a signal path, the signal path comprising a network processor and a host interface controller.

10. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, further comprising a third communications interface configured to communicate a third data signal to a network apparatus.

11. The powerline communications device ofclaim 10, wherein the third communications interface comprises an Ethernet interface.

12. The powerline communications device ofclaim 10, wherein the network apparatus is selected from a group consisting of a personal computer, a television, a digital versatile disc player, a speaker, a stereo, a game console, and a personal digital assistant.

13. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, further comprising logic configured to determine whether to, in the alternative, transmit a received data signal over the powerline communications interface or the second communications interface, based on a quality of service metric.

14. The powerline communications device ofclaim 13, wherein the determination is based on a minimum bandwidth requirement associated with the received data signal.

15. The powerline communications device ofclaim 1, wherein the powerline communications interface is further configured to communicate a third data signal over the powerline using a second frequency band.

16. A powerline communications device comprising:

a powerline communications interface configured to communicate a first data signal over a powerline using a first frequency band and to receive electrical power;

a second communications interface configured to communicate a second data signal over a second medium; and

a third communications interface configured to communicate a third data signal over a third medium.

17. The powerline communications device ofclaim 16, wherein the second communications interface is configured to receive electrical power via the powerline communications interface.

18. The powerline communications device ofclaim 16, further comprising logic configured to receive the first data signal over the powerline communications interface and determine whether to forward the first data signal alternatively via the second communications interface or the third communications interface.

19. The powerline communications devices ofclaim 16, wherein the powerline communication interface, the second communications interface and the third communications interface are associated with a same media access control address.

20. The powerline communications device ofclaim 16, further comprising logic configured to forward the first data signal over alternatively the powerline or the third medium.

21. The powerline communications device ofclaim 20, wherein the logic is further configured to select, in the alternative, whether to forward the second data signal over the powerline or the third medium, based on a quality of service metric.

22. A method for communicating within a network, comprising:

interrogating a communications network to determine a quality of service metric associated with each member of a plurality of available pathways to a device connected to the communications network;

receiving a message addressed to a media access control address via a first medium in a first frequency band;

selecting a pathway from the plurality of available pathways based on the quality of service metric, at least one of the available pathways comprising a powerline; and

transmitting at least part of the message to the device via a second medium based on the pathway selected.

23. The method ofclaim 22, further comprising selecting a second frequency band based on the second medium, wherein the transmission via the second media is transmitted using the second frequency band.

24. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the selection of the pathway is further based on a type of the device.

25. The method ofclaim 22, further including transmitting another part of the message to the device via another pathway of the plurality of available pathways.

26. The method ofclaim 22, wherein the selection of the pathway is further based on a bandwidth requirement.

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