US20080052663A1 - Project extensibility and certification for stacking and support tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A tool is provided for addressing a number of issues related to assembling software stacks including multiple uncoordinated components such as open source projects. The tool identifies individual projects for stacking, manages dependency relationships and provides an intuitive graphical interface to assist a user. A project filter is also provided for controlling access to or installation of projects in accordance with filter criteria. In this manner, compliance with internal policies regarding the use of open source or other software is facilitated. The user can also add projects to the collection of supported projects and define stack macros or stacros. Once such stacros are defined, various functionality can be provided analogous to that provided for individual projects.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
• This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/807,588, entitled, “PROJECT EXTENSIBILITY AND CERTIFICATION FOR STACKING AND SUPPORT TOOL,” filed on Jul. 17, 2006, and U.S. application Ser. No. 11/556,094, entitled, “STACK MACROS AND PROJECT EXTENSIBILITY FOR PROJECT STACKING AND SUPPORT SYSTEM,” filed on Nov. 2, 2006, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/732,729, filed Nov. 2, 2005, the contents of which are all incorporated herein as if set forth in full.
TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
• The systems and methods presented herein generally relate to software projects including open source projects or projects that are otherwise available for stacking and, in particular, to a tool for assembling, installing and supporting or servicing software stacks. The noted systems and methods facilitate the incorporation of additional projects, stacks and supported platforms for use with such a tool.
BACKGROUND
• Conventionally, packages of software have been formed from proprietary applications. These applications have generally been provided by a single source or by industry partners such that the applications have been developed in a coordinated way to facilitate such packaging. However, the assembly and use of such packages has generally been limited by associated licenses. More recently, open source software has grown rapidly in importance and availability. Generally, open source software is software where the source code is available for copying and modification and whose licenses generally give the user freedom to use the software for any purpose as well as to modify and redistribute the software. In this regard, open source software is distinguished from proprietary software in that the source code of proprietary software is generally not made available to the end user and the licenses for proprietary software generally place significant restrictions on use, copying, modification and redistribution. In addition, open source software is generally made available for free or for a reasonable reproduction fee whereas proprietary software is frequently provided on a for profit basis. Open source software has a number of potential advantages for end users. First, because the source code is available to the end user and the licenses allow for substantial freedom of use and modification, the end user has significant flexibility to adapt and optimize the code for a particular endeavor. In this regard, the end user is not tied into a particular proprietary system. In addition, studies have shown that open source software tends to be of very high quality. That is, due to the open nature of the software and the opportunity for virtually unlimited peer review, the open source software is generally continually improving in quality. Moreover, because the open source software is generally available for free or at a nominal cost, there is a significant potential to use the open source software in a cost effective manner. For these and other reasons, many governments and other entities have mandated or encouraged a transition from proprietary software to open source software for systems under their control.
• At the present time, however, significant obstacles remain with respect to fully realizing the potential advantages of open source software or other independently developed or uncoordinated software. One such challenge is assembling software stacks. Typically, a software system, application or tool (“project”) does not function in isolation. Rather, a particular project may require another project (e.g., open source or proprietary) as a prerequisite to its proper operation and, once installed, may be used by other projects. Because of these vertical dependency relationships, end users often require or desire a software stack including multiple projects. Moreover, a project may be subject to certain restrictions prohibiting or limiting the installation or use of the project in connection with another project (e.g., where another version of the same project is already installed on the platform). Assembling such stacks involves identifying individual projects required for an endeavor as well as addressing the dependency and restriction relationships. This may require significant expertise and time. Although some open source providers offer coordinated projects or stacks, open source software tends to be uncoordinated.
• Another difficulty associated with the use of uncoordinated software such as certain open source software relates to installation. Installation involves addressing various machine configuration issues, integrating software projects, resolving conflicts and testing for proper interoperation of the individual projects as well as interoperation between the projects and machine components. Again, installation often requires significant expertise and time. In addition, there are a number of post-installation issues relating to the use of such uncoordinated software. For example, the use of any software may require occasional reference to user manuals and other documentation. Such documentation may not be readily available in the context of a stack including multiple uncoordinated (e.g., open source projects) projects. Even when documentation is available for individual projects, such documentation may not be adapted for the environment of a particular software stack. Similarly, training materials such as tutorials may not be available or optimized for a software stack environment. Other post-installation issues relate to uninstalling projects or altering installed projects or stacks.
SUMMARY
• The present invention generally relates to extending the functionality of a system for assembling, installing and supporting or servicing software stacks composed of multiple projects, including uncoordinated projects. The projects are software components for particular applications such as proprietary software applications and open source projects. A stack is defined by installing two or more projects in a processing environment (single machine or distributed) such that the projects share one or more logical resources such as a function library or are otherwise configured for cooperative and dependent operation. That is, two projects have a dependency relationship where a first one of the projects requires a project, such as the other (second) one of the projects, to perform a function that defines a substantial part of the first project's application. The projects are thus vertically integrated. In this regard, uncoordinated projects are projects that are not specifically preconfigured for such cooperative and dependent operation in a stack. For example, such projects may be developed by multiple parties working independently or by open source developers. The invention facilitates extending the functionality of such a system, for example, by adding projects, stacks or supported operating systems or platforms.
• In particular, a computer-based tool (e.g., a software tool) may address a number of the above-noted issues relating to software stacks including multiple uncoordinated components. The computer-based tool facilitates stack assembly by identifying individual projects, managing dependency and/or restriction relationships and providing an intuitive graphical interface to assist the user. In addition, the computer-based tool facilitates installation by addressing machine configuration issues, resolving conflicts and performing at least partially automated testing. The computer-based tool also addresses a number of post-installation issues including the generation of appropriate documentation (or provision of predefined sets of documentation) and training tools, as well as by facilitating de-installation of projects as well as modification of replacement projects and software stacks.
• The computer based tool and associated methods (collectively referred to herein as the “utility”) provides for enabling convenient access to stacks of uncoordinated software projects. Specifically, the utility involves receiving an input regarding a stack of interest, accessing information regarding potential stacks and outputting stack information responsive to the input. From the perspective of a user or user system, the utility involves accessing a system for providing stack information regarding stacks of (formed from) uncoordinated software projects, submitting an input (e.g., to a local processor or remote platform) regarding a stack of interest and receiving stack information responsive to the input. The stack information may include, for example, an identification of the project content of one or more possible stacks, projects for installation as one or more stacks, and/or installation information for one or more possible stacks. In this regard, for example, a stack or information defining a stack may be assembled from projects or project information responsive to the input, or such stacks or information defining stacks may be predetermined and stored. That is, the stack information can be assembled at various times and in various ways. In any event, convenient access can be provided to information useful in assembling and/or installing stacks formed from uncoordinated software projects, e.g., including one or more open source projects and even proprietary source projects (e.g., proprietary software such as Microsoft Office, Oracle database, and SQL Server, DB2, etc.).
• The utility is useful in assembling stacks of software projects. That is, the utility is useful in determining the project content of a stack. It will be appreciated the utility may further be useful in identifying and/or resolving conflicts, dependency and restriction characteristics and other issues relating to assembling a stack. The utility involves receiving input information regarding a stack of interest (e.g., via the operation of the computer based tool) to determine at least a first characteristic of a first project of the stack and to provide information regarding a second project of the stack. The input information may, for example, identify a function of this stack, identify the first project for inclusion in the stack or otherwise provide initial information for use in assembling the stack.
• Based on this input information, the utility is operative to determine the first characteristic of the first project. The first characteristic may relate, for example, to a dependency or restriction relationship of the first project or a resource requirement. In this regard, the utility may identify one or more projects on which the first project depends, one or more projects having a dependency that is satisfied by the first project, one or more projects with which the first project has a restriction relationship, or may relate to ports or other resource requirements. This characteristic is used to provide information regarding a second project of this stack. Thus, for example, dependency or restriction relationships, conflicts and the like may be identified in an output to the user or resolved so as to assist in stack assembly. For example, one or more graphical user interfaces may identify dependencies or conflicts to resolve in order to complete a desired stack assembly.
• The utility can be used to facilitate assembly of uncoordinated projects. In this regard, the first and second projects may be uncoordinated and may include open source projects, proprietary projects, other projects or combinations thereof. Preferably, at least one of the projects in the stack operates at a tools or applications layer of the stack above an operating system level of the stack.
• According to another aspect of the present invention, a utility is useful in assembling stacks by reference to a knowledge base including information regarding a set of supported projects and interoperability (e.g., dependency or restriction information). Specifically, the utility involves identifying a set of software projects and determining, for the set of software projects, a set of interoperability relationships relating to interoperation of the software projects. A controller includes logic for accessing information reflecting the interoperability relationships and relating particular ones of the software projects based on the interoperability relationships. In operation, the controller receives a user input indicating an interest in assembling a stack of projects and identifying, at least by type, at least a first project for inclusion in this stack. Based on this user input and the interoperability relationships, the controller identifies at least a second project for inclusion in the stack. For example, a user may indicate a particular function to be performed by the stack or a particular project that the user is interested in using. In the case of an identified function, the controller may identify project options associated with the function from which the user can select a desired project. In any case, once a project is identified, the stored interoperability relationships can be used to identify prerequisite projects, projects used by the first project and further associated dependencies, as well as any restrictions. It will be appreciated that such interoperability relationships may exist between first and second groups of programs. In that case, each group effectively functions as a project and the assembly of the groups defines a stack. In this manner, the user can efficiently assemble a stack where interoperability relationships are satisfied across the stack.
• According to a still further aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for filtering projects in connection with a request to access or use projects. It has been recognized that the ready availability of externally developed projects is problematic for many entities. In particular, in the context of open source projects, such projects are readily available at no or a nominal cost. As a result, personnel may sometimes access such projects without consideration of compliance with license terms or company policy. Moreover, as noted above, open source licenses can include a variety of terms and obligations regarding reproduction or use of the open source software. In many cases, entities may be unaware that such open source projects are being used until undesired consequences have occurred. In this regard, the utility may assist such entities in facilitating compliance with policies developed by the entity.
• An associated utility in accordance with the present invention involves defining filter criteria relating to access or use of software projects, receiving a request for access to or use of one or more software projects and processing the request in accordance with the filter criteria to provide an output responsive to the request. The filter criteria reflect a policy affecting the requester independent of any rights granted by the providers of the software projects or lack thereof. Thus, for example, the filter criteria may define what projects may be accessed, by whom, and for what purpose. For example different criteria may apply to different personnel (e.g., software developers, IT personnel, accounting) and for different purposes (strictly internal use versus incorporation into product). The filter may be implemented in connection with a stack assembly and installation tool. In this regard, graphical user interfaces may only present project options that are appropriate for the person or purpose at issue or filtered projects may be otherwise unavailable for selection in connection with such user interfaces. In this manner, adherence to the entity's policy concerning projects may be enforced. Projects may be filtered, for example, on a project-by-project basis, based on a type of or category of the projects, or based on a license association of the project.
• In accordance with a still further aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for installing uncoordinated software. An associated system involves a configuration module for configuring a number of uncoordinated software projects into a stack and an installer for installing the stack on a computer. For example, the configuration module may configure the projects into a stack responsive to a request from a user or a user system. In this regard, such a stack may be identified with the aid of an assembly tool as discussed above. Alternatively, the projects may be configured into a stack prior to handling a specific request. Preferably, the stack is configured in a manner that resolves interoperability issues with respect to the included projects. In addition, the configuration module may take into account the state of the machine on which the stack is to be installed in connection with considering such interoperability issues or resolving potential conflicts. From the perspective of a user or user system, the utility involves submitting input information regarding a stack of interest to a configuration module and receiving installation information. Such installation information may include, for example, information regarding an installation procedure, projects reflecting a configuration for use in the stack and/or installation tools. The utility thus addresses a number of problematic issues relating to installation of stacks formed from uncoordinated projects.
• In accordance with a still further aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for use in installing a stack of uncoordinated projects on a machine or other system designated by a user. An associated installer may be resident on the designated system or interconnected to a system via a LAN or WAN. In addition, the installer may be operatively associated with an assembly utility as described above or may operate independently. The installer utility is operative to receive input information regarding a stack of interest, determine at least a first characteristic of a first project of the stack, and provide information regarding a second project of the stack. The input information may, for example, identify a function of the stack or identify the first project, at least by type. In response to this information, the utility may identify one or more projects having an interoperability relationship with the first project or a resource requirement of the first project. Since such information may be used to identify the second project so as to resolve an interoperability relationship or avoid a resource conflict. The utility is useful for installing stacks including uncoordinated projects (e.g., open source projects) where at least one of the projects operates at a tools or applications layer of a stack above an operating system level.
• In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for assisting with post-installation support in connection with an installed stack of uncoordinated projects. This support utility may be provided in conjunction with assembly and/or installation utilities as noted above or independently. Moreover, the support utility may operate in connection with a local system or may be accessed via a network, e.g., the Internet. The support utility involves receiving an identification of a stack including a number of uncoordinated software projects, selectively accessing storage to obtain support information specific to that stack and outputting the support information to a user. The support information may include, for example, a tutorial or documentation specifically tailored for the package. Support information may be preassembled and indexed to the stack or may be stored as separate chunks of information that are assembled in response to a request. In this regard, documentation may be stored as structured content, e.g., associated with metadata such as XML tags, identifying a context or association of the data, for example, an association with a particular project. Text and/or graphics may be assembled in this regard. In addition, the support information may be selected based on operating environment information for the stack such as information relating to the machine of a user or operating system of a user.
• In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for managing updates in connection with an installed stack of uncoordinated projects. It will be appreciated that updates relating to a stack such as project updates, dependency updates and support information updates may become available from time to time. Managing such updates can be problematic, particularly in the context of stacks of uncoordinated software projects. The utility of the present invention involves receiving information regarding the availability of an update concerning a stack, identifying a stack potentially affected by the update, and providing update information to a user or user system. The update information may include, for example, a notification to a user that updates are available, updated software and/or installation information. In this regard, an update may be automatically installed or installed upon receiving an indication from a user that the update is desired. Preferably, update installations are accomplished while leaving at least a portion of the previously installed stack in an installed state, e.g., without uninstalling one or more projects of the stack. An associated update installation process may involve determining an installation sequence, resolving any dependency or resource conflicts, performing an installation of the update in accordance with the determined installation procedure and testing the update upon installation. Associated support materials may also be made available in connection with the update.
• In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for enabling substitution of projects within a stack of software projects. The utility involves receiving an input in relation to an installed stack including a plurality of software projects and, in response to the input, substituting for a first one of the projects a substituted project having substantially equivalent functionality. It will be appreciated that this utility is particularly, though not exclusively, useful in connection with open source projects that often have licensing terms that provide significant flexibility in configuring stacks. For example, the utility may be used to substitute a second database project in place of a first database project in a given stack. In this manner, a user can experiment with different projects to build a stack with optional performance for a given endeavor.
• In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for managing licensing information. The utility involves storing public information and private information concerning a given software license; providing access to at least a portion of the public information; receiving a request for access to the private information; responsive to the request, verifying an authorization to access the private information, and selectively providing access to the private information based on the verification. For example, in connection with a request to access the private information, a user may be prompted to enter a password or other authorization information. Such authorization information may be used to encrypt and decrypt the private information so as to inhibit unauthorized accesses to such information.
• In accordance with a still further aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for use in connection with processing software projects. Specifically, the utility allows for the definition of stack macros or “stacros” including a number of projects. Once such stacros are defined, various functionality can be implemented analogous to that provided for individual projects. The associated utility involves providing a computer based system for performing operations related to identifying software projects, establishing a macro including plurality of software projects, and operating the computer based system to perform at least one of the operations with respect to the macros. For example, the operations may include providing project information (dependencies, “used by” information, restrictions, exclusions and the like), applying search functionality, implementing synchronization and applying a project filter. It will thus be appreciated that a such stacros may encompass functionality beyond a one-click grouping. For example, the macros may provide an easy to use synchronization mechanism.
• In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for enabling project extensibility. That is, although the system of the present invention will generally support a large and varied selection of projects, a user may on occasion wish to add custom projects or projects that are otherwise not currently supported. These projects may include open source, proprietary or other software. The associated utility involves providing a computer-based system for performing operations related to a list of supported projects, adding a project to the list of supported projects, and performing at least one of the operations with respect to the added project. In this regard, the system may calculate a variety of information, for example, related to exclusions or a chain of dependencies, based on limited input information such as direct dependencies entered by the user. This information can be used to augment the knowledge base and support a variety of functionality. In addition, the system may use projects provided by a number of varied sources for incorporation into a deliverable software package.
• In accordance with a still further aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for use in incorporating a new software project into a stacking system such as described above. The utility involves obtaining a project from a project source in native form, modifying the project for use by the system, and storing the modified project for access by the system. For example, the project may be obtained by downloading the project from a source web site. The project may be modified for use by the system in a variety of ways. For example, one or more basic configurations for the project may be selected, and the project may be configured in accordance therewith. In this regard, a script may be utilized to modify configuration files. A script may also be used to install one or more functional components such as a short cut, a link, a menu item, a desktop item or an OS service. Additionally or alternatively, the project may be modified by changing permissions for one or more files, integrating the project with one or more projects having a dependency relationship with the project, and/or associating metadata with the project. Such metadata may relate to support information, interoperability information and licensing information regarding the project. The utility may further involve executing standard configurations for the project and executing optional configurations selected by a user.
• In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for certifying a project for use in a stacking system, such as described above. The method involves selecting a project for potential acceptance into the system, performing an acceptance analysis to verify the selected project meets criteria for acceptance into the system and, responsive to the acceptance analysis, installing and testing the selected project. A project may be selected based on information regarding needs of potential system users. For example, users may request a project or an analysis of the needs of users may be performed. The acceptance analysis may involve a variety of considerations, such as the viability of the project, a legal analysis of the project, the functionality of the project and/or a technical evaluation of the project. In this regard, an analysis of the viability of the project may involve obtaining information regarding a level of support for the project or a level of maintenance for the selected project. In the latter regard, the absence of recent updates may raise concerns regarding the viability of the project. On the other hand, the existence of an established group driving the project increases the chances that the project will remain viable. The legal analysis may involve obtaining information regarding one or more licenses associated with the selected project. The licenses may then be analyzed to determine whether the licenses are likely to be problematic for system users. In this regard, the use of open source licenses that are well understood would be a favorable factor in the acceptance analysis. Other licenses may be analyzed and may be deemed acceptable. The functionality analysis may involve verifying that the selected project has features that would be expected in that project type and an analysis of a user interface regarding usability.
• The technical evaluation may involve one or more of various considerations. For example, the evaluation may involve verifying the selected project can be properly downloaded, e.g., a checksum analysis. Additionally or alternatively, the technical evaluation may involve verifying that the selected project is free of malware, such as Trojans, viruses, worms or others, obtaining information regarding interoperability relationships of the selected project, verifying the selected project can be installed on at least one supported platform, determining at least one basic configuration for the project, and verifying that the project can be properly integrated with other projects having a dependency relationship therewith. Installing and testing the project may involve conducting an installation and configuration of the selected project for each of multiple supported platforms. Additionally, or alternatively, the installing and testing may involve integrating the project with at least one other project.
• In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a utility is provided for incorporating a software project into a stacking system as described above. The utility preferably has an architecture for allowing a client to submit extensibility requests without requiring extensive specification of the target platform environment. The utility involves providing a client for use in transmitting a request to incorporate a project into the stacking system, where the request is associated with a target platform for using the project. An agent executes installation related operations on the target platform with respect to the project. The utility further involves operating a nexus to receive the request and identify a package, including the project, using information regarding the target platform. The target platform information is obtained from a source separate from the request. In this regard, the nexus may be operative to transmit a message indicating specific versions of components to use to satisfy the request where the specific versions of the components are determined based at least in part on the target platform information. The target platform information may relate to, for example, a hardware implementation of the target platform or an operating system of the target platform.
• In connection with the various aspects of the invention discussed above wherein the functionality of a stacking system is extended to include an additional project (or set of projects such as a stack), the projects may be obtained from project sources. Each of these sources or projects may have unique licensing requirements. For example, certain sources may provide open-source software with licenses that make source code available under terms that allow for modification and redistribution without having to pay the original author. Such licenses may, however, have additional restrictions that, e.g., preserve the name of the authors and any copyright statements within the code. Proprietary software, on the other hand, often has restrictions regarding use and copying. The prevention of use, copying, or modification of this software can be achieved by legal means and such software is generally sold as commercial software or, in some instances, is available at zero-price as “freeware”. Other forms of software may include “shareware” which may allow a user to use the software for a certain period of time or use an inferior version of the software. Additionally, shareware may allow the user to freely distribute the software. Any of these software types may be added to the stacking system, with due regard to any restrictions as noted above.
• In accordance with the present invention, the system may include a bundler that retrieves projects from the providers for configuration as a software package. For example, an end-user of the software package may have certain preferences for various projects. These preferences may be communicated to the bundler such that the bundler may select projects from the providers and configure those modules into a software package that is usable by the end-user. Prior to incorporating the projects into the software package, the bundler may check the software licenses of each project to ensure compatibility. For example, the bundler may analyze software licenses to determine whether a particular project may be modified and/or configured for incorporation to a software package with other projects.
• Once a license of a particular project has been deemed compatible with other projects, the system may calculate a variety of dependencies used that link the individual projects into a single software package. For example, the system may receive information pertaining to a particular operating system for which a software package is intended. Based on the operating system destination, the system may generate a configuration file to which the projects are linked. Individual projects may thereby take advantage of the operating system functionality and operate within the parameters of the operating system. Additionally, the system may reconfigure portions of the individual projects to properly function with an intended operating system. That is, the individual projects may be “stripped” of certain operating system dependencies and/or reconfigured such that the projects may operate with operating systems for which the projects were not originally intended.
• Once a software package is built, a variety of tests may be performed on the package to ensure its operability with the intended operating system destination. For example, a software package may be obtained from the bundler to begin a certification process that includes testing the software package for operability with an intended operating system. In this regard, the testing process may involve “stepping through” various portions of individual projects (e.g., lines of code) to ensure functionality of various software functions and routines of the projects. For example, such testing may include verification of functional outputs of a project to determine whether functions are outputting desired data and, thus, operating as intended.
• Additionally, the system may include a knowledgebase module. The knowledgebase module may assist in the testing of a software package in that test procedures may be retrieved from the knowledgebase module without the need for developing individual tests for each destined operating system. For example, the knowledgebase module may include test plans and/or software that may be associated with a particular project. The certification module may retrieve these test plans and/or software may be used to automatically perform a test on the project.
• Due to its less restrictive nature, open-source software is frequently updated. For example, the open-source community includes a variety of software engineers and programmers that regularly contribute to various pieces of open-source software. This open-source community also comments on deficiencies and/or problems with various pieces of open-source software such that the software may ultimately improve. This open-source community may also provide test plans to test individual open-source projects. For example, each time a software package is to be built for an intended operating system (e.g., according to an end-user's operating system requirements), the knowledgebase module may be processed for recent updates to projects and test procedures for those modules to ensure compatibility with other projects and operability with various operating systems. Upon a successful testing of the software stack (i.e., the projects thereof), the software package may be approved for delivery to the end-user.
• The knowledgebase module may also be configured to communicate with the software package. For example, once the software package is delivered to an end-user, the end-user will install the software package on a computer. In this regard, the software package may be configured with installation software, such as InstallShield by the Macrovision Corporation that unbundles the projects of the package and prepares them for operation with the operating system. Once installed, the projects of the software package will operate with the operating system according to their parameters (e.g., OpenOffice, an open-source suite of business software, will control its various office software components while operating within the parameters of the operating system). This installation, however, is somewhat static in nature. That is, the projects may be changed by the provider after installation of the software package. To compensate for this, the bundler may configure the software package with a communication protocol that enables the projects to receive updates from the knowledgebase module. Additionally, this communication protocol may enable an end-user to troubleshoot projects (i.e., resolve operational problems with various projects after installation).
• The knowledgebase module is, among other things, a software tool that enables communication with the various project providers and then assimilates updates or changes in relation to supported stacks and environments. That is, in addition to communicating with a software package/end-users and the bundler, the knowledgebase module may automatically check for software updates by the project providers. For example, software providers routinely update their software upon detection of defects (a.k.a., “bugs”) and/or discovered improvements. Some software providers automatically download these updates to their installed projects (e.g., Microsoft Corp. has an automatic update feature with many of its software programs that interacts/communicates with the software programs once installed on an end-user's computer or “machine”). The knowledgebase module may be configured to automatically receive updates and/or check for updates that may be available from the software providers. The knowledgebase module may then transfer these updates to the bundler (e.g., upon configuration of the new software stack) and/or the software stack (i.e., upon installation of the software package with the end-user's machine) to ensure that the software stack is current and otherwise ready for addition to the supported library.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• For a more complete understanding of the present invention and further advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
• FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the layers of an application development environment;
• FIG. 2 illustrates examples of proprietary applications at various layers of the application development environment;
• FIG. 3 illustrates the layers of an application development environment including open source options;
• FIG. 4 illustrates certain dependency relationships of projects in an application development environment;
• FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a software stack assembly, installation and support system in accordance with the present invention;
• FIGS. 6-11 are examples of user interface screens that may be provided in connection with operation of the system ofFIG. 5;
• FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a project filter system in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the project filter system ofFIG. 12;
• FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a license management system in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating a stack assembly process in accordance with the present invention; and
• FIGS. 16-48 show user interface screens illustrating various functionality in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 49 is a block diagram of a system that configures software packages for installation upon an end-user's machine; and
• FIG. 50 illustrates a certification process in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The present invention relates to extending the functionality of a stacking system to include one or more new projects or stacks of projects. In the following description, the invention is set forth in the context of a particular stacking system that encompasses stack assembly, installation and support functionality. It should be appreciated that, as noted above, such functionality may be provided independently, rather than as part of an integrated system, in accordance with the present invention. Moreover, it will be appreciated that various aspects of the invention have application beyond the specific context described below. Accordingly, this description should be understood as exemplifying the invention, and not by way of limitation.
• In the following description, the application development environment is first described in relation to the open source software movement. This represents an illustrative application of stacking uncoordinated projects. Thereafter, a system architecture in accordance with the present invention is described. Specific functionality for stack assembly, installation and post-installation support is then described in detail. Finally, the functionality related to project extensibility and certification is described.
• I. The Open Source Application Development Environment
• The present invention relates to a tool for use in assembling, installing and supporting software stacks including, for example, stacks that include one or more open source projects. As noted above, stacks including open source projects are particularly apt for illustrating the various aspects of the present invention, as open source projects are typically uncoordinated and are typically associated with licenses that provide significant freedom for configuration in custom stacks. Indeed, the flexibility to modify and combine such projects as desired is a principal motivation for the open software movement. However, it will be appreciated that stacks may be formed from proprietary applications or a combination of open source projects, proprietary applications and other uncoordinated projects where licenses allow. Indeed, it is anticipated that such combinations will become increasingly common. In any event, the invention has particular advantages in the context of forming stacks of uncoordinated software components, i.e., projects or applications that are not preconfigured to share logical resources such as function libraries or otherwise specifically configured for cooperative and dependent operation in a stack.
• In the examples below, such stacks are described in the context of an application development environment. In this regard, an application development environment refers to a stack that includes at least one project, that is, an application or a development environment tool, operating above the operating system or hardware levels. This may be understood by reference toFIG. 1. As shown inFIG. 1, a fullsoftware development environment100 generally includes anapplications layer102, a developmentenvironment tool layer104, anoperating system layer106 and ahardware layer108. Generally,applications102 are created by usingdevelopment tools104 in a working development environment based on a selectedsoftware operating system106 that functions on selectedhardware108.
• Operating system software and development tools have historically been sold by competing commercial vendors and the software is proprietary.FIG. 2 illustrates a proprietarysoftware development environment200 with examples of proprietary products at each layer. As shown, theapplication layer202 includes various commercially available web-based applications, business applications and other applications. At the developmentenvironment tool layer204, commercially available tools are provided by Oracle, BEA, Rational and others. The dominant systems at theoperating system layer206 are Windows and Unix, though others are available. Examples of manufacturers at thehardware layer208 include IBM, Apple, Sun, HP/Compact and Intel.
• It will be appreciated that there is generally limited flexibility relating to integrating stacks for the software development environment. More specifically, existing operating systems provide an open platform by which particular products can operate independent of the specific hardware environment to a significant degree. Moreover, many products can operate across multiple operating systems. However, at theapplication layer202 and developmentenvironment tool layer204, options are much more limited. Some commercial software developers provide integrated stacks of multiple proprietary products or provide individual products that can be readily integrated into a stack. Similarly, integrated open source stacks or coordinated open source projects are provided by some software developments. These products are developed much like the corresponding proprietary products but have open source rather than proprietary license associations. However, these commercial developers generally have little incentive to accommodate interoperation with respect to products of competing commercial developers. Accordingly, such stacks may be limited to products of a particular commercial developer or a developer and industry partners. Accordingly, an end user has limited flexibility and may be locked into an overall stack environment due to a need for a particular product.
• Open source software, particularly Linux, has become widely adopted for the operating system layer. In addition, open source development tools and applications are emerging.FIG. 3 illustrates an open sourceapplication development environment300. That is, the open sourceapplication development environment300 includes at least one open source project at theapplication layer302 and/or developmentenvironment tool layer304. Proprietary applications may also be available and utilized at these layers in theenvironment300. As shown, an example of an open source application at theapplication layer302 is OpenOffice. At the developmentenvironment tool layer304, examples of open source tools include Eclipse, MySQL and Apache. The illustratedenvironment300 includes, at theoperating system layer306, one example of an open source operating system (Linux) and one example of a proprietary operating system Windows. At thehardware layer308, a number of proprietary original equipment manufacturers are identified. It will thus be appreciated that a full open source application development environment may include or support or allow for proprietary elements, at the operating system andhardware layers306 and308 and at the development environment and application layers302 and304.
• As noted above, while many high quality open source projects are available, there are a number of difficulties associated with the stacking of multiple open source projects (alone or together with proprietary products) to enable a full application development environment. This is graphically illustrated inFIG. 4.FIG. 4 illustrates a number of open source projects and proprietary products. The lines and arrow connecting the various components represent mandatory and conditional dependency relationships such as prerequisites and projects that may be used by another project once installed. A thorough understanding of these dependency relationships is often necessary to assemble an appropriate stack for a particular endeavor.
• Moreover, considerable expertise and time may be required for installation of a stack once assembled. For example, installation issues may involve determining a proper installation sequence, addressing various hardware issues, resolving conflicts and testing an installed stack, for example, to determine that required files are accessible. Post-installation issues involve providing appropriate training tools and documentation as well as facilitating the installation and modification of particular projects as well as stacks. These issues are addressed by a system according to the present invention as described below.
• II. System Architecture
• FIG. 5 illustrates a software stack assembly, installation andsupport system500 in accordance with the present invention. Thesystem500 is operative to allow a user, operating auser machine502 such as a personal computer or other processor or processing network, to identify open source (and/or other) software projects for assembly into a stack, to integrate the projects and install them on theuser machine502, and to generate documentation and training materials specifically related to the stack. Thesystem500 provides certain additional functionality, such as switching databases or other tools within the stack, e.g., to achieve optimized performance for a particular endeavor. It will be appreciated that such functionality generally is not supported within proprietary or other coordinated software contexts, where the integrating entity usually has a vested interest in commercializing particular software products, nor is such functionality supported within current uncoordinated open source contexts, where stack assembly, integration and installation has generally been performed on a customized endeavor-by-endeavor basis. The illustratedsystem500 includes aknowledge base504 that stores and provides knowledge required for the noted open source stack functionality and anengine506 that provides the logic for executing such functionality. Theknowledge base504 andengine506 may be resident on theuser machine502, or may be at least partially accessible to theuser machine502 via a network such as a WAN, e.g., the internet. Moreover, theknowledge base504 andengine506 may be resident on a single processing platform, or a distributed architecture may be employed.
• The illustratedknowledge base504 includes, for each supported project,project information504A such as identification information and legal information, operational information, and category information. The knowledge base also includes certainmachine state information504B regarding theuser machine502. In addition, the knowledge base includescertain stack information504C for use in executing functionality at the stack level, such as testing information.
• With regard to projectinformation504A, the information that may be included in theknowledge base504 to identify a given project may include the project name, version, type, home URL, categories, description (with comparisons and recommendations) and links to full project details. The legal information will generally include any licenses with full license text or links thereto. Such license information provides important legal information to users and further supports license filter functionality as described below. The projects may be stored locally, downloaded or otherwise accessed at the time of installation.
• The operational information may include dependency relationship information and other resource information. For example, the dependency relationship information may include a list of prerequisites for each project, along with a description of why that dependency exists and how the dependent project is used. The dependency relationship information may further include a list of other projects that use each project, together with a description of why that dependency exists and how the dependent project is used. As will be understood from the description below, such information is used to properly assemble stacks as well as to provide stack explanation information to the user. In addition to dependency relationship information, the operational information may include other resource information such as ports used.
• The category information allows for sorting and filtering of projects. For example, the categories utilized may include:
• Client
• Database
• Documentation
• Internet
• J2EE
• Programming
• Sample
• Security
• Server
• Source Code Management
• Testing XML
• In this manner, users can conveniently access desired project information.
• Themachine state information504B may include updated information regarding projects and other resources that are available or unavailable on theuser machine502. For example, if a particular tool such as a database has previously been installed, this may be stored in theknowledge base504 and taken into account in addressing dependencies and assembling stacks so as to avoid conflicts that might otherwise occur. Similarly, port usage and other resource issues may be accounted for so as to facilitate integration and proper interoperation of installed projects.
• The illustratedknowledge base504 further includesstack information504C. Certain information may be indexed to stack combinations rather than to individual projects. For example, information corresponding to project information described above may be stored for common stacks. In addition, certain installation information such as testing parameters may be defined in relation to stack combinations.
• Theknowledge base504 may store various other kinds of information not shown such as operating environment information. For example, information may be stored to support installation for multiple operating systems and to associate particular uses of projects or stacks with particular operating systems. For example, it may be desired to develop on Windows and deploy on Linux.
• Theengine506 accesses theknowledge base504 at run time to obtain all necessary information and executes logic for stack assembly, installation and post-installation support as described in detail below. The user can use thegraphical user interface508 to receive prompts and other information to assist in implementing this functionality and to enter associated information. Theprinter510 allows for generating hardcopy documentation.
• It will be appreciated that the illustrated architecture allows for convenient system implementation and maintenance. In particular, projects or other information can be added or modified simply by updating theknowledge base504 substantially without updating theengine506 or other system components. Moreover, theengine506 allows for rendering of interfaces with a consistent look and feel across operating systems or other implementation variations.
• III. System Functionality
• As noted above, a system in accordance with the present invention may provide open source stack functionality related to assembly, installation and post-installation support.
• A. Assembly
• Stack assembly generally relates to identifying a number of open source and/or other projects to form a stack for addressing a particular endeavor. In this regard, the system of the present invention can be used to perform a number of functions. For example, information regarding particular projects can be accessed in order to obtain a description of the projects as well as dependency and restriction information. In addition, information regarding stacks for common types of endeavors, such as electronic commerce web site design, can be accessed. In this manner, software developers who may have limited knowledge of available open source and other resources may quickly assemble stacks. The system is also fully functional to access machine state information, project information and stack information such that the engine can be used to address dependency relationships and facilitate stack assembly as described below.
• Referring toFIG. 6, auser interface screen600 that may be utilized in connection with stack assembly is shown. As illustrated, theuser interface600 includes aproject identification panel602, aproject description panel604, aprerequisite panel606 and a used-bypanel608. Generally, theproject identification panel602 displays a list of supported projects with highlighting, graying and other graphical elements to indicate status and certain dependency information as will be described below. Theproject description panel604 includes certain project identification and description information as shown, including recommendations and other assistance for the project highlighted inpanel602. Theprerequisites panel606 identifies projects that are prerequisites of the identified project and the used-bypanel608 identifies other projects that may use the highlighted project. Restriction information may also be shown in an appropriate panel.
• More specifically, in thepanel602, primary projects are shown in bold. Dependent projects are shown in normal typeface. Mandatory projects are checked and cannot be changed. When a project is highlighted in thepanel602, information relating to that project, in this case Tomcat, is provided inpanels604,606 and608. In the illustrated example, the title and version of the project is identified at the top ofpanel604 together with information in parentheses indicating whether it is, for example, a mandatory project or installed project. A link to the project home URL is then provided followed by a link to view the project license. Also shown are categories associated with the project that can be used for grouping or filtering the projects and an identification of the ports used by the project. Finally, a description of the project is provided including, in some cases, recommendations or tips relating to the project.
• The used-bypanel608 lists other projects that depend on the highlighted project. Conversely, theprerequisites panel606 shows other projects that are required in order to install the highlighted project. It will thus be appreciated that thepanels606 and608 collectively define the dependency relationships for the subject project.
• This dependency relationship information, as well as any applicable restriction information, is derived from the knowledge base and is used by the engine to provide assistance in graphical form related to stack assembly. In this regard, if the user selects a project inpanel602 by checking its associated install box, and that project has a prerequisite that can be fulfilled by two or more other projects, or if there is an unchecked dependency or violated restriction, an indication (e.g., audio or visual) may be provided to prompt the user to resolve such issues. In this regard, the project name turns red in the illustrated implementation and the user is unable to continue with stack assembly until the dependency is resolved. For example, if the project JBoss is selected inpanel602, the JBoss lettering may turn red to indicate that a prerequisite is required. The user can then consult theprerequisites panel606, which, in this case, would indicate that JBoss needs either MySQL or PostgreSQL to continue. In the illustrated implementation, the “Next” button on the user interface is disabled until the dependency issues have been resolved, thus ensuring that the user does not continue until all requirements are met. In other cases, dependencies may be selected automatically.
• In the noted example, the user may then elect to select MySQL to satisfy the JBoss dependency. Once the selection is made, the JBoss project will no longer be listed in red thereby indicating that the dependency has been satisfied and stack assembly and installation may proceed. As noted above, a project type is listed in parentheses next to the project name and version at the top ofpanel604. The types of projects include mandatory, dependent, primary or already installed. The project type is a link and if clicked will give a description of each of the project types. Similarly, the license identification is a link, which, if clicked, presents the full text of the license inpanel604. The categories associated with each project are also links. If these links are clicked, other projects in the category are listed in thepanel604. For example, if the category “server” is clicked, thepanel604 is filled with a project description box with an initial description such as tools usually found on servers or developer workstations—not typically intended for routine end users. Such may be followed by a listing including ANTLR, Apache, Http Server, etc. Projects listed in this description are links, which, if selected, provide a more detailed description of the selected project. In this regard, links may be provided throughout the text, for example, when a supported project is listed in the description of another project. Once a project has been installed, the next time the user runs the system the installed projects are shaded inpanel602 and are no longer selectable.
• A button (not shown) is also provided in the tool bar to toggle between install and uninstall modes. If this button is selected, for example, to switch from the install mode to the uninstallation mode, a pop-up box will appear warning that selected projects will not be installed and confirming that this is what the user intends. Once this intention is confirmed by the user, the system enters the uninstall mode. In this mode, the projects that are installed are shown in the project list ofpanel602. Again, primary projects are shown in bold and dependent projects are shown in regular typeface.
• By way of example, in the install mode, the user may select Aspect J, Castor, Eclipse and Eclipse plug-ins for installation. It may be noted in this regard that if the Eclipse plug-in is first selected, the Eclipse project will be automatically selected. Once all of the desired projects have been selected, the user may select thenext button610 to proceed. If any of the selected projects require more information to be properly installed, a project properties page will be shown to collect this information. A further user interface screen may be provided, if desired, between the noted project selection and project properties screens to check the ports (and potentially other resource requirements) to make sure the machine state is compatible with the selected projects. If the selected project requirements are not met, the user will be instructed as to how to correct them. In some cases, any problems in this regard can be corrected automatically. In any case, installation can be deterred until all requirements have been met, thereby avoiding potential installation complications. The user can choose to go backward and change project selections as one way to resolve any issues.
• An example is shown inFIG. 7. In this case, the user is prompted to enter and re-enter passwords for JBoss and MySQL in theproject properties panel702. A description of the selected properties is given inpanel704 to assist the user in entering the correct information. Once all necessary installation information has been entered, aninstallation instruction screen800 as shown inFIG. 8 is displayed. This screen provides information to alleviate common issues that may interfere with the installation. Links may be provided in thisscreen800 to obtain any additional instructions and requirements that may be useful.
• When the user is finished with theinstallation instruction screen800, the user can select thenext button802 to go to theinstallation screen900 as shown inFIG. 9. From thescreen900 the user can select thestart installation button902 to initiate installation. The progress of the installation can be monitored inWindow904. A pop-up window indicates when the installation has been successfully completed and provides information regarding post-installation instructions. As shown inFIG. 10, upon completion of installation, the user is able to select areports button1000 to generate installation reports or select thefinish button1002 to complete the installation process. An example of an installation report is shown is shown inFIG. 11. Specifically, thereport1100 shows the status of all projects that have been installed at the time of the report.
• The projects that may be installed in this manner may include, for example:

  Activemq	HSQLDB
  Ant	HttpUnit
  ANTLR	JAF
  Apache Server	JAI
  Apache-Axis	Jalopy
  Apache-Batik	James
  Apache-FOP	JavaCC
  Apache	JavaGroups
  ASM	JavaHelp
  AspectJ	JavaMail
  AspectJ sample application	Javassist
  Avalon Phoenix	Java Service Wrapper
  BCEL	Jaxen
  BeanShell	JBoss
  BSF	JBoss Rules
  C3P0	JCharts
  Cactus	JCS
  Castor	JDepend
  Castor sample application	JDK
  CeWolf	JDOM
  cglib	jEdit
  CheckStyle	Jelly
  Commons	Jetspeed
  Commons-Beanutils	JfreeChart
  Commons-Chain	Jldap
  Commons-CLI	JMeter
  Commons-Codec	JSTL
  Commons-Collections	JUnit
  Commons-DBCP	jWebUnit
  Commons-Dbutils	Log4j
  Commons-Digester	Lucene
  Commons-Discovery	Maven
  Commons-Email	Maven Developer sample application
  Commons-Fileupload	Maven Multi-Project sample
  	application
  Commons-httpclient	Maven Server sample application
  Commons-IO	Middlegen
  Commons-jexl	Middlegen/XDoclet/Jbox/Struts
  	sample application
  Commons-jxpath	MinGW
  Commons-Lang	MSYS
  Commons-Logging	mod_jk2
  Commons-Modeler	MyFaces
  Commons-Net	MySQL
  Commons-Pool	MySQL Connector/J
  Commons-Validator	NetBeans
  Commons-VFS	OpenSSH
  CVS	Oracle
  CVSGraph	Oro
  CWM	Oscache
  DB2	Perl
  DbUnit	PHP
  Display Tag	phpBB
  DocBook	phpMyAdmin
  DocBook-XSL	POI
  dom4j	PostgreSQL
  Drools	PostgreSOL-Connector
  Easymock	PuTTY
  Eclipse	Python
  Eclipse Plugin: AspectJ	PyXML
  Development Tools
  Eclipse Plugin: AJDT	Quartz
  Eclipse Plugin: Amateras	rdf2dot.xsl
  Eclipse Plugin: CDT	Regexp
  Eclipse Plugin: Color Editor	Roller Weblogger
  Eclipse Plugin: CSS Editor	Saxon
  Eclipse Plugin: Eclipse-Tools	Scarab
  Eclipse Plugin: Eclipsetidy	ServiceMix
  Eclipse Plugin: Espell3	SiteMesh
  Eclipse Plugin: Grayskylogwatcher	Spring
  Eclipse Plugin: Hibernate Tools	blueglue Sample: Spring-JSF
  Eclipse Plugin: Javasn-Subclipse	blueglue Sample: Spring-Struts
  Eclipse Plugin: Jboss-AOP	blueglue Sample: Spring-Tapestry
  Eclipse Plugin: JBoss-IDE	blueglue Sample: Spring-WebWork
  Eclipse Plugin: JBPM	blueglue Sample: SpringMVC
  Eclipse Plugin: Mevenide	Squirrel SQL Viewer
  Eclipse Plugin: PDE	Struts
  Eclipse Plugin: Quantum	StrutsTestCase
  Eclipse Plugin: Quickrex	SuSE
  Eclipse Plugin: Springide	Tapestry
  Eclipse Plugin: Strutsbox	Tiles
  Eclipse Plugin: VisualEditor	Tomcat
  Eclipse Plugin: WTP	Torque
  EJB Benchmark	Turbine
  Enscript	Velocity
  blueglue Existing Server	Very Quick Wiki
  Compatibility
  External MySQL Integration	ViewCVS
  External PostgreSQL	WebWork
  FOP	WinCVS
  Fulcrum	Xalan
  Geronimo-Jetty	XalanX-Diff
  Geronimo-Tomcat	X-Diff
  Graphvis	XDoclet
  Groovy	Xerces
  Hibernate	XMLBeans
  Hibernate/AspectJ sample	XStream
  application
  Hibernate/JBoss/AspectJ
  sample application
  Hibernate/Middlegen sample
  application
  Hibernate/XDoclet sample
  application

  
  It is noted that this exemplary listing includes open source projects as well as at least one proprietary application. Other open source projects and proprietary applications may, of course, be supported.
• The user interface may also execute a filter function to selectively enable or inhibit access to particular projects by individual users, e.g., within a client entity. For example, a company may configure the system to assist in implementing a policy regarding, for example, what projects may be accessed, how such projects may be used, and by whom. In this regard, a company may define such projects on a project-by-project basis or by type; may specify a set of projects that may be used internally, the same or a different set of projects that may be incorporated into products (generally or on a product-by-product basis), and other project sets for other purposes; and/or may specify what projects may be accessed by an individual or a set or sets of individuals e.g., by software developers, by IT personnel, by accounting, etc.
• It will be appreciated that the filter, the underlying policies and the associated filter parameters are selected by and are the responsibility of the client entity. The filter provides a convenient tool for implementing and improving internal enforcement of such policies after the policies have been devised by the client entity with such consideration of the legal environment and other factors as deemed appropriate by the client entity. It is not intended that the filter be used as a substitute for full consideration of such issues or in lieu a full internal education and enforcement regime.
• As noted above, a variety of parameters may be used to configure the filter. One such parameter is license type. In the context of open source projects, there are currently over 45 different recognized open source licenses. These include, for example, the General Public License (GPL), Lesser General Public License (LGPL), BSD, and Apache licenses. Open source licenses are not free of restrictions and obligations and different licenses involve different restrictions and obligations in this regard. While these restrictions and obligations are not always unambiguous, and the specific license terms should be consulted with due care, certain characterizations are possible. For example, certain licenses require that the source code of software, including proprietary software, distributed with the licensed open source software be made publicly available. Such licenses generally include obligations with respect to copyright notices and attributions with respect to copies of the software. Client entities will therefore generally need to carefully consider such licenses in relation to intended uses as part of a compliance program.
• These licenses may serve as a parameter of the noted filter. That is, as noted above, license information is associated with each supported project in the illustrated system. These license designations may be selected or deselected by the client entity or system operator, e.g. using a filter graphical user interface, to enable or disable access to projects based on license or license type. Such configuration may be executed for specific users, user groups, intended uses, etc. Upon definition of such a filter or filters, the GUI is operative to inhibit or facilitate access to projects, generally in accordance with the selected filter parameters.
• The filter is not necessarily limited to binary allow or disallow functionality. For example, three or more filter levels may be defined such as “red”, “yellow” and “green” levels that may correspond to levels of license restrictions or obligations. Thus, a particular client entity might decide, in its own discretion and in accordance with its own internal policy, that GPL licensed projects will be associated with the yellow filter level and BSD and Apache will be associated with the green filter level.
• The GUI can then be configured to execute different filter functionality in connection with each filter level. For example, “red” projects may be excluded from the project identification panel602 (FIG. 6) or selection thereof may be disabled. In the case of yellow projects, appropriate warnings regarding use or restrictions on use (e.g., “Internal Use Only” or “please consult with compliance officer prior to use”) may be displayed, or a password or other authorization may be required to complete installation. Green projects may be accessed as described above free from filter inhibitions. It will be appreciated that other filter levels and associated filter functionality is possible in accordance with the present invention. While such automated filtering may be imperfect in matching and executing policy goals and is no substitute for full education and compliance program, it provides a useful mechanism for encouraging adherence to a compliance program which has become a great concern for companies considering use of open source and other projects.
• It is noted that such filter functionality may have considerable value apart from the illustrated system. For example, the filter may be used by a compliance officer, wholly independent of any stack assembly, installation and support functionality, to screen projects proposed for use by employees. Moreover, such a filter may be implemented in connection with an Internet gateway filter (e.g., otherwise used to limit internet access in accordance with company policy) to inhibit downloading of designated projects, for example, based on associated URLs. Other execution environments and uses of the filter are possible in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 12 is schematic diagram illustrating afilter system1200 in accordance with the present invention. The illustratedsystem1200 includes logic for executing one ormore filters1202. For example,different filters1202 may be defined for different users or user groups within a client entity.
• Thefilters1202 may be defined by a user by way of user interface of1204. In this regard, filter identification information, filter parameters and the like may be entered by way of a template or a series of menus displayed on theuser interface1204. In this manner, the user can define a number of filter parameters such asuser parameters1208,use parameters1210 andlicense parameters1212. Theuser parameters1208 may identify specific users or user groups, e.g., application developers, IT personnel, accounting, etc. Theuse parameters1210 define the intended or allowable uses. Thus, for example, it may be desired to allow one set of projects for internal uses and a second (typically more limited) set of projects to be incorporated into products. Thelicense parameters1212 allow for controlling access or use of projects based on license associations. Thus, as noted above, certain licenses may be associated with a green filter level, others may associated with a yellow filter level and still others may be associated with red filter level. Appropriate filter rules may be defined for each of these filter levels.
• Based on such filter configuration information, thefilters1202 selectively allow access to or use ofprojects1206 by auser system1214. For example, thefilters1202 may inhibit access to selective ones of theprojects1206, may prevent installation of selected ones of theprojects1206, or may provide certain warnings or require certain authorizations in connection with access to or use of individual ones of theprojects1206. Such filtering functionality may be executed in response to an identification of theuser system1214, a user I.D. entered viauser system1214 or otherwise, or an intended use entered by the user. Theprojects1206 may be defined by a list of supported projects of a stack assembly, installation and support system as described above, a listing of projects defined by a compliance policy of a client entity, or projects that are identified on a case by case basis, for example, in connection with a request to download a project via the internet.
• FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating aprocess1300 for configuring and operating a project filter in accordance with the present invention. The illustratedprocess1300 is initiated by accessing (1302) a filter configuration utility. Such configuration may be implemented by a client entity, a system provider, or other operator. Using the utility, a filter is selected (1304). This may involve associating a filter identification with a particular filter to be configured. In this regard, it will be noted that a client entity, a system provider or other operator may define and manage multiple licenses.
• Once the filter is selected, filter levels may be defined (1306) for that filter. As noted above, a filter may be a binary in this regard or may include more than two filter levels. Thus, a binary filter may be operative to selectively allow or disallow access to specific projects by specific users for specific purposes. A filter with more than two filter levels may allow access, disallow access or allow access with certain restrictions or authorizations. Individual users or user groups may then be selected (1308) for association with the defined license. This allows for different levels of access to particular projects or project groups (e.g., defined by an associated license type) on an individual user basis or by a user group such as an applications development group.
• The illustratedprocess1300 involves associating (1310) projects with the defined filter levels. Again, this may be done on a project-by-project basis or by groups of projects, e.g., as grouped based on license type or another category such as noted above. It will be appreciated that other filter parameters may be defined in this regard such as, for example, expiration dates and copying or distribution parameters. Once all desired filter parameters have been defined, it is determined whether additional filters need to be defined (1314). If additional filters are to be defined, this process is repeated. Otherwise, the filter is activated (1316) for use in the desired project filter environment.
• In use, the filter is operated to identify (1318) a user for a given filter function. The user may be identified based on user identification information entered by the user or based on the identity of the user machine or system. An intended use may also be identified (1320). The intended use may be entered by the user or may be inferred from a user group or other information. In this regard, it will be appreciated that the filter may be operative to a prompt user to enter such information as a gateway function prior to accessing a stack assembly, installation, de-installation and/or support functions. In addition, the subject project is identified (1322). Depending on the specific implementation, such identification may be responsive to a request, such as an installation request, entered by the user or may be performed independent of any user input, in the background or prior to running of the stack assembly, installation and/or support function. In this regard, the filter may operate to prevent display of a filtered project or to prevent selection of a filtered project independent of any input by user. Finally, the filter is operative to execute (1324) the filter function. Such execution may involve selectively allowing access to an identified set of projects, selectively disallowing access to or particular uses of an identified set of projects, or display of limitation information/require appropriate authorizations.
• Anexemplary installation process1500 is shown inFIG. 15. The illustrated process is initiated by receiving (1502) input information for a stack assembly. It will be appreciated that the process may be initiated in a variety of ways. For example, some users may know that they are interested in assembling a package that includes a particular project that is relevant to a given endeavor. In this case, such users may simply identify that project, for example, by scrolling through a list of supported projects or by using a search function, and then work through dependency relationships as discussed above. In other cases, users may know the name of a proprietary application and may be interested in identifying an open source analog. In such cases, a tool may be provided for identifying such association. In still other cases, a user may not know the name of a project but may only know the function of interest. In these cases, assistance may be provided in the form of graphical user interfaces to assist the user in initiating the installation process. For example, menus may be provided, such as pull-down menus, whereby the user can identify a function of interest. Additionally or alternatively, supported projects may be graphically illustrated, for example, with links to project descriptive information, to assist a user in identifying a project of interest. As a further alternative, the process may be initiated with an interview process over a number of interfaces to identify user needs. It will be appreciated that a wide variety of interface mechanisms are possible in this regard.
• In any event, once input information is thereby received, the illustratedprocess1500 involves providing (1504) options for at least one project. Thus, for example, if the input information indicates that the stack of interest relates to web design, a variety of web design project options may be identified. For example, such identification may be accomplished by highlighting or otherwise drawing attention to such projects in a list of supported projects. Alternatively, the relevant projects may simply be listed with links to user interfaces that provide project information as described above. It will be appreciated that in some cases only one project may be available rather than a selection of options.
• A selection can then be received (1506) for a first project of a stack under assembly. For example, one project from the noted listing of options may be selected via a graphical user interface. Upon such selection, the system determines (1508) dependency relationships for the project. Such dependency relationships may include, for example, projects on which the selected project depends as well as other projects that are used by the selected project. The system also determines (1510) a machine state. For example, this may involve identifying projects that are already installed on the user's machine. The project filter may also be applied (1512) at this point. Based on all this processing, the system constructs (1514) a display reflecting the project filter, machine state and dependency relationships. Thus, based on the project filter, the set of projects that is available for selection or installation may be limited. Based on machine state, previously installed projects may be identified as installed or may be unavailable for selection to be installed. The dependency relationships may be reflected in various graphical elements and text as described above.
• From this display, this system can receive (1516) a project selection. For example, the user may select a project on which the first project depends. After such selection, the system can determine (1518) whether all dependencies are resolved. If the dependencies are not resolved, the user may be prompted to make further project selections. Otherwise, the system indicates (1520) that assembly is complete. Such an indication may be provided by way of a pop-up box or other active display element, or may simply be provided by way of the absence of any remaining dependencies (for example, the first project listing may switch from red to black).
• It should be appreciated that the system of the present invention may be used simply to assemble a stack without actually effecting installation and that is an important aspect of the present invention. For example, a developer may use logic resident on the developer's system or access a website to execute the functionality described above in order to facilitate the process of, for example, addressing dependency relationship issues and filter functions associated with the client entity's licensing compliance program. The individual projects of that stack may then be obtained and installed independent of the system of the present invention. However, the installer of the present invention performs a variety of useful functions in connection with installation as will be described below.
• B. Installation
• It should be understood that the identification of a set of projects where the dependency relationships are internally satisfied does not mean that installation will be successful and free of problems. It is generally still necessary to resolve conflict issues, integrate projects (e.g., so that a given project is configured to point to the correct database), and to test the installed stack for proper installation and interoperation of the projects. In addition, a particular sequence may be required for installation. In accordance with the present invention, the GUI is operative to execute a variety of functionality in this regard.
• One such function is performing pre-installation checks. For example, the GUI may identify and resolve port conflicts. As noted above, the project information associated with individual projects identifies the ports that are utilized by that project. This port information can be compared to identify and resolve conflicts. The system may further perform a check to verify that any files or other resources required by a project are available and to otherwise verify that all environmental requirements for a project are satisfied on the user machine or system.
• Another function is control of the actual installation process. In this regard, the engine may obtain the project list for a stack, analyze the dependency relationships and any other necessary project information to determine a suitable sequence for installation and then execute installation in that sequence. Prior to executing this installation, the controller may execute logic to identify any resources that may be required in order to effect the desired installation.
• Another function that is executed by the GUI in connection with installation is database integration. In this regard, individual projects may require a particular database and different projects may be associated with different databases. The GUI is operative to integrate the individual projects with the desired databases so that the projects point to the desired database.
• After installation and database integration have been performed, tests may be performed on the installed stack to verify proper operation of the installed stack. This is accomplished by causing the stack to run on the user machine and then executing test procedures that are defined for particular projects, combinations of projects or overall stacks. For example, such tests may involve looking for particular files, checking ports, pinging a server, etc. It will be appreciated that the particular tests may be determined empirically or based on acquired expertise to provide a high likelihood of identifying common installation errors.
• The installed stack may then be run with selected samples. That is, a tutorial specifically designed for the installed stack may be provided by the GUI. The user can run this tutorial to learn how to use the installed integrated stack. In connection with this stack, the installed stack executes certain samples. This operates to provide sample tests. That is, proper operation of the stack is verified in connection with executing the samples. These tests are similar to the tests described above but touch more layers of the software stack than the earlier tests and operate in an execution environment. If any errors are identified as a result of these tests, error messages may be provided together with information regarding resolution of the errors or instructions to repeat a portion of the installation process.
• Similar issues are presented in connection with addressing project updates. In the context of operating stacks composed of projects from independent sources, e.g., multiple third parties or open source developers, it will be appreciated that updates generally will not be coordinated. That is, updates may occur at different times and may or may not have an impact on compatibility. The installation process described above can be implemented not only in connection with an initial installation, but also in connection with an update installation. That is, appropriate checks, installation sequencing, testing and the like can be designed and executed for a given update.
• In this regard, update installations may be implemented automatically, upon manual retrieval of the update, or the user or an administrator of the client entity may be notified of the availability of an update. For example, a system operator may monitor the availability of updates for supported projects and download appropriate information to users or client entities. A user or client entity may then be advised of the availability of updates upon logging into a network, loading of a stack assembly, installation and support system, or selection of any affected project. Such updates may relate to updated project options and support materials as well as to updated software updates. The user or client entity may then select to install or not install the update. It will be appreciated that not all users/client entities may wish to install all updates in this regard.
• It will thus be appreciated that the illustrated system provides a number of advantages with regard to the installation and update process and this installation process, considered independent of stack assembly or post-installation support, constitutes an important aspect of the present invention. That is, various elements of this installation process would provide advantages even in the context of a stack assembly developed independent of the present invention. However, even upon assembly and installation of a stack of multiple open source projects, certain post-installation support may be desired. The present invention provides significant advantages in this regard, as will be described below.
• C. Post-Installation Support
• Upon assembly and installation of an open source software stack, the stack is ready for use by the end user. However, a variety of post-installation functionality may be useful to allow optimal performance of the stack. The present invention provides a variety of functionality in this regard, as described below. Many users may benefit from a tutorial to educate the end user as to the proper use and capabilities of the installed stack. As noted above, tutorials are available for some open source software projects. However, such tutorials generally are not specifically adapted to provide instructions in the context of particular stacks that may be assembled. The present invention provides tutorials in the context of such stacks. The system described above supports a selected set of open source and other projects. These projects can be combined to define a large but finite set of software stacks. The knowledge base stores tutorial information for many or all of these stacks or subsets thereof. Upon installation of a stack, the associated tutorial or tutorials are made available to be run by the user.
• Another important post-installation function relates to users manuals or other supporting documentation. As noted above, supporting documentation may be available in connection with individual open source projects. However, heretofore there has generally not been a convenient mechanism to obtain supporting documentation relating to a particular stack. This problem is addressed by the present invention by storing support documentation as structured XML documents. That is, chunks of supporting documentation text are associated with a tag system that links the text to particular projects, combinations of projects and overall stacks. For example, projects and stacks may be related by parent, child and other hierarchical tag structures. When a particular stack is installed, the relevant support documentation can be readily retrieved using the tag system to compile customized support documentation. Associated graphics may be assembled on a custom basis, also. The supporting documentation may be specifically provided for Linux, Windows, and/or other criteria specified by the user or indicated in the user machine information stored in the knowledge base and the appropriate documentation in this regard may be retrieved based on metadata (e.g., tag) associations.
• It will be appreciated that the ability to provide custom tutorials and supporting documentation for an open source project, a combination of projects or an overall stack is an important advantage of the present invention that may be utilized independent of the stack assembly and installation tools noted above. For example, developers who have executed a custom stack installation independent of the tools noted above may wish to utilize the present invention to obtain supporting tutorials or documentation. For example, this may be accomplished by running logic resident on the developer's system or by accessing a website operative to provide such tutorials or documentation on a fee basis.
• The combination of the flexibility of open source software and the ease of assembly and installation provided by the present invention yields a number of advantages that can not be readily realized in connection with proprietary systems or with open source software in the absence of the tools of the present invention. For example, a user may wish to try various stack options to determine which is optimal for a particular endeavor. For example, a user may wish to switch between different available database tools in connection with a particular open source software stack. In accordance with the present invention, a database switcher, or a switcher for other software components, may be provided. In this manner, the user can prompt the system to switch between one database and another. This system is operative as described above to integrate associated projects of a stack so that they point to the newly selected database. The user can then compare performance of the stack with one database tool (or other resource) and another database tool (or other resource). In this manner, optimization of performance for a particular endeavor can be conveniently achieved. It will be appreciated that proprietary systems generally do not accommodate comparison as between tools of competing providers. Open source systems theoretically allow for such comparisons but as a practical matter this cannot be performed due to the significant complexities associated with switching of tools and associated integration.
• The system described above can be implemented a number of ways. For example, the associated logic may be disseminated in physical form to clients with updates provided periodically. Alternatively, the associated logic may be downloaded from an operator's website by a client entity and updates may be periodically downloaded in similar fashion. As a still further alternative, the system may be operated as a hosted application. In any event, use of the system may be licensed, for example, on a per user per year basis. In this regard, it may be desired to make information regarding such licenses available to the licensee while protecting the license information against unauthorized modification.
• FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating asystem1400 for managing such license information. The illustrated system includes alicense manager1402 for managing information that is available to the user via auser interface1410. Thesystem1400 may be resident on the client equipment of the system provider, or another location, and may be distributed across multiple platforms. Thelicense manager1402 is operative to receive requests for license information entered via theuser interface1410 and to manage access to license information of1404. In this regard, thelicense information1404 includeslicense files1406 for individual licenses. Thelicense file1406 includes a public portion1406aand a private portion1406b.The information available in the public portion1406aand private portion1406bmay overlap to an extent but the private portion1406bwill generally include additional information. In the illustrated implementation, the public portion includes, for example, a license identification and an expiration date. Such information may be used, for example, to enable the user to identify the license at issue and obtain information of legitimate use to the client entity.
• The private portion1406bmay include additional information, such as information defining the license term, as to which access is to be limited. The private portion of1406bcan be accessed by an authorized individual, for example, to update the expiration date or to add licensed seats. This is accomplished by entering license identification information via theuser interface1410 and requesting access to the restricted access fields. In response to such an access request, the user is prompted to enter a password or other security information. This password information is used to encrypt information entered into the private portion of1406 or to decrypt information from the private portion1406b.In this manner, appropriate license information is made available while protecting restricted access information such as information fundamental to enforcement of the license terms.
• IV. Stacros and Extensibility
• FIGS. 16-48 are user interface screenshots, for an implementation of the present invention designated as the BlueGlue™ application, showing a number of novel features of the invention. In addition to the functionality generally described above, the following screenshots illustrate certain advanced functionality relating to custom stacks and extending system capabilities beyond currently supported projects as may be desired by some users.
• In the former regard, the discussion above described how stacks or projects can be assembled, installed and supported or serviced. Additionally, it may be desired to add such stacks to graphical interfaces, for example, so that information regarding the stack, its licenses, etc. can be conveniently accessed and other functionality such as synchronization, license filtering and searching can be implemented with respect to the stack. Thus, functionality can be executed with regard to a stack analogous to the functionality supported for individual projects. Such functionality may be termed a stack macro or “stacro.” Screens associated with such functionality are shown below.
• With regard to project extensibility, the system as described above supports a large and varied collection of projects. Nonetheless, specific users may on occasion desire to add a project that is not currently supported, e.g., so that the new project can be incorporated into stacks and serviced, so that information regarding the project and licenses can be readily obtained, and so that a variety of system tools can be applied with respect to the new project. All of this functionality is supported by the present invention. In addition, the system of the present invention can calculate a variety of information regarding project interdependencies, exclusions and conflicts for the new project, for example, based on limited input information such as information identifying direct dependencies. Screens related to this functionality are also shown below.
• Referring toFIG. 16, a user interface screen including an “about BlueGlue™”dialog box1602 is shown. The dialog box includes Information and System tabs. In the illustrated example, the Information tab has been selected and information regarding the BlueGlue™ program is provided. This information includes contact and licensing information among other things. In addition, a link is provided to the license text.
• FIG. 16 also shows graphical elements related to the project filter functionality described above. Specifically, green1604, yellow1606 and red1608 indicators are provided in a license column associated with various project names. Theseindicators1604,1606 and1608 identify a filtering parameter that has been associated with the project by the company or operating entity. As discussed above, these filter parameters may depend on the individual user or that user's position or other authorization information. For example, a project may be associated with a red indicator due to a license type deemed undesirable by the company or because of the manner in which the project is intended to be used. In such cases, the project may be grayed to prevent selection or warning information may be displayed.
• FIG. 17 shows a furtheruser interface screen1700 including the “about BlueGlue™”dialog box1702. In this case, the System tab has been selected so as to provide various information regarding the state of the system.
• FIG. 18 shows auser interface screen1800 for graphically depicting dependency information. More specifically, the user can select anode tree icon1804 to obtain a graphical depiction of dependencies inpanel1802. In this case, project dependencies are illustrated graphically. It will be noted thatpanel1802 shows complex dependency relationships including dependencies and sub dependencies. In addition, mandatory and contingent dependencies are indicated, in this case, by open and closed bullets.
• As noted above, the system of the present invention can be used to extend the system functionality to add new projects to the supported project library. The system can also be used to create custom stack macros or stacros. These stacros may include added projects. Associated functionality is illustrated by theuser interface screen1900 ofFIG. 19. More specifically, by selecting appropriate graphical elements, the user can accessdialog boxes1902 and1904 that guide the user in establishing a stacro. As indicated indialog box1902, the user can use this functionality to create custom packages that may contain custom projects, categories, licenses, and documentation. Appropriate fields are provided for entering such information. For example,dialog box1904 provides fields for entering information defining a custom category.FIG. 20 shows adialog box2002 that provides fields for entering information defining custom documentation.FIG. 21 shows adialog box2102 that provides fields for entering information defining a custom license.
• A number of dialog boxes may be used to define a custom project. Referring first toFIG. 22, adialog box2202 is shown including fields for entering a project identification, project name, project distribution package, a license and categories, and optional install and uninstall scripts.FIG. 23 includes adialog box2302 illustrating the process for identifying properties, exclusions and dependencies for a custom project.FIG. 24 includes adialog box2402 illustrating the process for entering custom project properties including property identification, property display name, property type and optional information.FIG. 25 includes adialog box2502 that can be used to enter optional values for description, ways to use, and notes. As shown, projects that are already installed can be included in the custom stack by selecting an appropriategraphical element2504.
• As discussed above, the system of the present invention allows for implementation of a project filter based, for example, on license types.FIG. 26 shows agraphical user interface2600 for implementing such a tool. For example, the filter tool may be operative to removed projects from the projects list, to prevent selection of projects shown on the projects list, to prevent specified actions with respect to projects shown on the projects list, to provide graphical or other warning information with respect to a project on the projects list or to otherwise identify filter restrictions. In the illustrated example, license type filters can be selected or deselected on a license-by-license basis. Additionally, the project filters can be used to filter types of projects such as dependent projects. Theuser interface2600 also provides license details indicating projects that are used by particular licenses together with links to the associated licenses and information regarding the projects.
• Once custom stacks or custom projects have been defined as discussed above, the stacks or projects can be accessed and processed by the system of the present invention. In this regard,FIG. 27 shows auser interface screen2700 that can be used to select the desired operation. In this case, the user can select to install projects, uninstall projects or manage licenses.FIG. 28 illustrates a graphicaluser interface screen2800 that may be provided in connection with an installation process. Thescreen2800 includes a basic installation report showing installed projects. In addition, test results and associated information are shown.FIG. 29 shows a graphicaluser interface screen2900 providing details regarding installation progress.
• FIG. 30 illustrates auser interface screen3000 that may be provided in connection with managing licenses. Specifically, in the illustrated example, a license edition name, license status and expiration date are shown together with agraphical element3002 for use in deactivating the license.
• FIG. 31 shows a graphicaluser interface screen3100 that may be provided as part of an online help utility. Specifically, awelcome screen3100 is shown. Various help categories are shown inpanel3102. As shown, the categories include major category headings project installation, uninstallation, GUI, extensibility, licenses, and support. Under these major category headings, a user can select various subcategories for guidance through the relevant processes.
• FIGS. 32-34 show various screens and dialog boxes associated with a custom package manager.Dialog box3200 ofFIG. 32 can be used to create a custom package. Specifically, the user is instructed to first click the create new package button, then enter a project identification and project name and move any custom projects, categories, licenses or documentation to the package contents selection list.FIG. 33 illustrates the process for populating these fields.Dialog box3400 ofFIG. 34 shows aproject node tree3402 corresponding to the package contents selectedlist3404.
• FIGS. 35-38 illustrate a process for defining preferences.Dialog box3500 ofFIG. 35 illustrates various fields that may be selected under the General tab. For example, the user can select to show a tip of the day on start up, to send feedback, to show project versions and to show custom package names in the project table.FIG. 36 shows fields that are presented under the license tab of thepreferences dialog box3600. Using thisbox3600, the user can associate license type colors with each supported license type. In addition, the user can on select whether to show a license information dialog start up and whether to show a license column in connection with the project name list.FIG. 37 shows various fields that are presented under the Look and Feel tab. These fields allow the user to customize the look and feel of the system. Finally,FIG. 38 shows the fields that are presented under the Update Manager tab. These fields include certain proxy server settings as well as a box for indicating a preference regarding whether to check for updates on start up.
• Once a custom package has been defined, that package can be processed in accordance with specified preferences in a manner analogous to processing of individual projects. Thus,FIG. 39 illustrates auser interface screen3900 for providing project details regarding a selected project. In this case, the project “ant” is selected from the project name list and project details are shown inpanel3902. InFIG. 40, a custom package is selected from the project name list and details specified for the custom package are presented inpanel4002.
• Other functionality is also supported for such custom packages. For example,FIG. 41 shows how information regarding dependencies and used by projects may be provided in connection with a project selected from the project name list. It will be appreciated that similar information may be provided in connection with custom packages or custom projects.FIG. 42 shows how information regarding mandatory and contingent dependencies as well as exclusions may be presented in connection with a project selected from the project name list. Again, similar information may be provided in connection with custom packages or custom projects. As discussed above, installation, uninstallation, testing and support functionality may be supported for the custom packages.
• FIG. 43 shows a user interface screen that may be provided in connection with a search function of the present invention. For example, the user may wish to search for relevant information within the system by entering keywords. The present invention supports such searching using, for example, fuzzy and Boolean search logic. The entire record associated with a project, e.g., all fields, may be searched. In the illustrated example, the search criteria utilized is “Apache.” The search results identify a stack that includes the project “Apache HTTP server”. It will be appreciated that this functionality is also supported in connection with custom stacks and projects.
• As shown inFIG. 44, the user may also select theStacks tab4402 to obtain a stacks listing. The user can then select, for example, the name “custom stack” and add, in this case, a custom project. As shown inFIG. 45, when a stack is selected from the stack name list (in this case “collaboration” ) details regarding the stack are provided in panel4502.FIG. 46 shows a tip of the day dialog box that may be presented depending on the preferences selected by the user.FIG. 47 shows a user interface screen4700 that may be presented in connection with an uninstallation procedure. The screen4700 provides certain information and warnings related to uninstallation.FIG. 48 shows auser interface screen4800 including an update manager dialog box that can be used to check for updates of the BlueGlue™ system.
• As noted above, it may be desired to extend the functionality of the system, e.g., to include additional projects or packages or to support additional platforms or operating systems. Such extension may be performed internally by the entity operating or marketing the stacking system or may be performed by an end user, for example, who wishes to add a proprietary or other project to a stack where the new project is not incorporated into the stacking system. As discussed above, this may involve selecting a project for incorporation into the system, an initial acceptance process for analyzing the project under consideration (e.g., with respect to viability, legal considerations, functionality and technical considerations), and a certification process involving rigorous testing of the added project for proper operation. Certain aspects of this process for extending the functionality of the system are described below.
• FIG. 49 is a block diagram of a system and process4900 for configuring software packages for installation upon an end-user's machine. In this embodiment, system4900 includes a software project bundler4901 and a package certification process4902 that, in conjunction, provide a software package4904 for an end-user. It will be appreciated that such certification may be employed with respect to individual projects as well as stacks. For example, the end-user may be an information technology department of an enterprise requesting a particular software project for implementation with the machines (i.e., computer systems) of the enterprise. This software project may include a plurality of projects, such as business software suites (e.g., Microsoft Office and Open Office maintained by Sun Microsystems, Inc.) and/or database software (e.g., Oracle Database), etc. The package certification process may be performed manually or may be at least partially automated. Project bundler4901 may retrieve requested projects from a plurality of source providers, such as open source providers_{1 . . . M}4906, proprietary source providers_{1 . . . N}1307, and no license source providers_{1 . . . P}4908. Once retrieved, project bundler4901 may configure each of the projects for operation upon one or more particular computer operating systems (e.g., Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, HPUX, ZOS etc.) by modifying the projects and/or generating configuration files that take advantage of operating system functionality. That is, the operating system enables the modules to “run” on a particular machine when the projects are configured to operate within the parameters/confines of the operating system.
• After building the software package, the package certification process4902 verifies that the projects contained therein will properly operate with the destined operating system. That is, package certification process4902 involves a series of tests on the software package to ensure its operability with the operating system. Once assured of its operability, the software package is certified, and a deliverable software package4904 is generated for the end-user. In this regard, system4900 may include media recorder4903 (e.g., a CD recorder, a DVD recorder, magnetic tape recorder, etc.), which is used to record the deliverable software package4904 on a computer readable media. The computer readable media may then be delivered to the end-user through any known means. Alternatively or additionally, the end-user may communicate directly with system4900 (e.g., via the Internet) to receive the deliverable software package4904. As such, the system4900 may include Internet communication protocols that allow for the transfer of the software package to the end-user.
• Project bundler4901 may also use communication protocols, such as Internet communication protocols, to communicate with the various project providers (open source providers_{1 . . . M}4906, proprietary source providers_{1 . . . N}4907, and no license source providers_{1 . . . P}4908). For example, project bundler4901 may communicate with open source provider₁4906 to retrieve a particular project for inclusion with the software package. As with many types of software, a project associated with open source provider₁4906 may come with a software license4909 that limits the use and/or reconfiguration of the project being provided. Project bundler4901 may, in one embodiment, analyze the license to ensure that the associated project may be configured as part of a software package. That is, project bundler4901 may determine whether the project being provided may be included with other projects and/or changed to accommodate various operating system parameters.
• Generally, software exists with various types of licenses. For example, open source providers often use what is known as a GNU general public license, which may grant the following rights to the software being provided:
• • The right to run the program, for any desired purpose.
  • The right to study how the program works, and modify it. Access to the source code is generally a precondition for this.
  • The right to redistribute copies.
  • The right to improve the program, and release the improvements to the public. Again, access to the source code is generally a precondition for this.
• Project bundler4901, when receiving a project from a provider, may observe this license and determine that the provider of the project is an open source provider. Accordingly, project bundler4901 may configure the project within a software package, as it deems necessary. Proprietary software, on the other hand, may include a license4910 that precludes modification to the software being provided. In this regard, project bundler4901 may analyze the license to determine that the particular project being provided is not acceptable for configuration within a software package. As such, that particular project would be excluded. Alternatively, project bundler4901 may communicate with the proprietary source provider4907 and negotiate a particular licensing arrangement that allows for the reconfiguration of the project being provided for incorporation into the software package. In such an instance, the project provided by proprietary software provider4907 would be configured for incorporation into the software package such that the software package included open-source projects as well as proprietary source projects without conflict, either functionally or legally.
• The invention, however, is not intended to be limited to merely incorporating certain types of licensed software, such as open-source software and proprietary software. Rather, system4900 may also allow inputs from no license source providers4908. For example, no license source provider4908 may include independent software engineers making various software contributions on a free or contractual basis. Project bundler4901 may, therefore, allow for communication with such software engineers and incorporate various software functionality when deemed valuable by the end-user. In this regard, the end-user itself may have software engineers making software contributions that the end-user wishes to have incorporated into its deliverable software package4904. Alternatively or additionally, no license source provider4908 may also include free software source providers that simply make software contributions available to the public as a matter of good will. Project bundler4901 may also evaluate such software and incorporate it to the software package when the project bundler deems it to be value enhancing to the software package.
• System4900 also includes a knowledgebase4905. Knowledgebase4905 may include information useful in troubleshooting various projects of a software package. For example, as package certification process4902 tests the functionality of various projects of a package, it may be determined that a particular module will not operate according to the parameters of the destined operating system. An operator may, therefore, communicate with knowledgebase4905 to obtain any fixes that may be available for the project and may subsequently incorporate those into the projects to make the software package deliverable (i.e., operable with the end-user's operating system).
• Additionally, deliverable software package4904 itself may communicate with knowledgebase4905 when features of the package are not operating as desired. For example, once a deliverable software package4904 is installed upon an end-user's machine and the various projects therein are unbundled for operation, problems with certain projects can still occur. Operating systems themselves are routinely updated and, therefore, have the potential to create conflicts within certain projects. As such, deliverable software package4904 may include communication protocols that allow the deliverable software package to communicate with knowledgebase4905 to obtain fixes and/or troubleshoot projects that are having problems after installation.
• Knowledgebase4905, however, is not intended to be limited to an end-point of troubleshooting/repair. For example, knowledgebase4905 may also operate as an interface to project providers. That is, knowledgebase4905 may routinely communicate with source providers (open source providers_{1 . . . M}4906, proprietary source providers_{1 . . . N}4907, and no license source providers_{1 . . . P}4908) to determine when updates are available for projects of a particular deliverable software package4904. Knowledgebase4905 may then automatically download and test those updates and reconfigure the deliverable software package with those updates as they become available.
• Additionally, knowledgebase4905 may include a user interface that allows for independent software developers to submit software, patches, documentation, etc. that may be used in the package certification process4902, by project bundler4901, and/or by the deliverable software package4904. For example, knowledgebase4905 may allow software developers to contract their services and handle problems that may occur with projects. In this regard, an end-user may submit a problem to knowledgebase4905 such that the software developer may address the problem and provide a fix. System4900 may also be configured with a payment system that allows such developers to submit invoices to the system. Accordingly, one aspect of the invention may include a business model, which allows for independent software developers to login and provide services for a fee. Alternatively or additionally, software developers may provide such contributions for free.
• The certification process and system of the present invention provides the user with confidence that projects in the system library will function properly and will remain available for use with minimal complications.FIG. 50 shows an example of subject matter areas that may be addressed as part of the certification process. In this case, the certification process is divided into an initial acceptance process and a full certification process. For example, projects under consideration for addition to the system library may first be subjected to the initial acceptance process. If a project passes this initial acceptance process, it may then be subjected to the full certification process. Upon successful completion of the full certification process, the project may be added to the system library. The user and the provider or operator of the system can thereby be confident in the quality and reliability of the accepted projects. Indeed, the system provider may provide warranties, indemnification and insurance for the supported projects. Accordingly, users can receive software, documentation, implementation, support, maintenance, upgrades/updates, warranties, indemnification and insurance for projects and stacks, including open source projects. This addresses many, if not all, of the concerns that have caused resistance to open source adoption.
• In the example ofFIG. 50, a 42-point certification process is implemented. Specifically, the initial acceptance process includes analyses for a project with respect to viability, legal considerations, functional considerations, support and technical considerations. Some of the factors that may be considered in the viability analysis include the structure of the community supporting the project, who is the entity driving the project, what is the size of the community, what development practices have been employed in connection with the project, what is the longevity of the project, what maintenance activities have been performed for the project, what alternatives are available for the project and what ratings have the project received.
• The legal analysis may involve validating the license where the project is associated with a license that is well understood. In other cases, where the project is associated with a custom license, that license may be specifically reviewed for terms that are likely to be acceptable to system users. Finally, a search may be performed to identify any other possible legal issues such as any indication of third party rights violations.
• The functional analysis is directed to verifying that the project has the types of features that would be expected by users and that the project is readily usable. With regard to support, the project may be analyzed to ensure that appropriate documentation is available (or can be generated) and that training is available. In addition, the level of community support may be analyzed, and that support may be tested to ensure that it is adequate. In addition, any availability of commercial support is taken into consideration.
• The technical analysis may involve a variety of factors, including verifying that the project can be properly downloaded, performing a security check on the project and determining any dependency relationships that the project may have. An installation test may then be performed on the project, and the project may then be tested to ensure that it can be configured and integrated for use in the supported environment. Finally, basic tests may be performed to ensure technical viability.
• If a project passes the initial acceptance process, the full certification process may then be executed. The full certification process, in the illustrated example, includes process for technical implementation, automated testing, knowledgebase population, and packaging. The technical implementation process involves executing a complete build of the project and completing integration of the project into the system. The project is then configured for automation with respect to the functionality described above, and any issues in this regard are resolved.
• As noted above, one of the functions performed by the system is automated testing of the projects. In this regard, the full certification process involves development and execution of basic tests. Integration tests are also developed and executed. Finally, any issues that arise in this regard are resolved.
• The knowledgebase is also supplemented in relation to any projects added to the library. This involves generating enhanced documentation and sample applications, and storing a test suite for the project. In addition, update and verification information is included in the knowledgebase for each project.
• Finally, the illustrated certification process involves packaging for each added project. In this regard, the individual components are packaged, release notes are provided and secure delivery is ensured. It will be appreciated that a different certification process, involving more, less or different steps, may be implemented. However, the noted certification process is believed to provide projects with exceptional reliability and ease of use.
• While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that further modifications and adaptations of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such modifications and adaptations are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (23)

1. A method for use in connection with processing software projects, comprising the steps of:

providing a computer based system for performing operations related to identified software projects;

establishing a macro including a plurality of software projects; and

operating said computer-based system to perform at least one of said operations with respect to said macro.

2. A method set forth inclaim 1, wherein said operations include one of providing project information, applying searching functionality, implementing synchronization and applying a project filter.

3. A method as set forth inclaim 1, wherein said macro includes at least one open source project.

4. A method as set forth inclaim 1, wherein said operations include installing said software projects.

5. A method for use in connection with processing software projects, comprising the steps of:

providing computer based system for performing operations related to stacking for a list of supported projects;

first operating said computer based tool to add a project to said list of supported projects; and

second operating said computer-based tool to perform at least one of said operations with respect to said added project.

6. A method as set forth in claims5, wherein said step of first operating comprises identifying said project.

7. A method as set forth inclaim 5, wherein said step of first operating comprises downloading said project.

8. A method as set forth inclaim 5, wherein said step of first operating comprises obtaining project information for said project.

9. A method as set forth inclaim 5, wherein said operations include one of providing project information, applying searching functionality, implementing synchronization and applying a project filter.

10.-42. (canceled)

43. A system that bundles one or more projects from a variety of sources, wherein each of said one or more projects has an indicator as to the source of the project and wherein a portion of the indicators correspond to software licenses, including:

a bundler that receives said one or more projects from said variety of sources and generates a software package therefrom, wherein the project bundler links respective software licenses of said one or more projects with the software package; and

a package certifier communicatively coupled to the project bundler, wherein the package certifier analyzes the software package to determine compatibility of the software package with an intended system destination.

44. The system ofclaim 43, wherein the package certifier includes a test module that verifies the compatibility of the software package with the intended system destination by installing and operating the software package on at least one simulated system.

45. The system ofclaim 43, wherein the intended system destination is one or more of a plurality of system platforms and wherein the bundler configures a software package to install and operate on the system platforms.

46. The system ofclaim 45, wherein the system platforms include operating systems comprising one of Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Linux, MacOS, Solaris, HPUX and ZOS.

47. The system of either of claims44 and46, wherein the test module installs and operates the software package on at least one of the operating systems and wherein the test module checks functionality of each of the one or more projects of the software package as the projects run.

48. The system ofclaim 43, further including a knowledgebase module communicatively coupled to the package certifier and/or the software package to provide technical support during testing of the software package and/or upon installation of the software package with the intended system destination.

49. The system ofclaim 43, wherein the bundler includes an interface that allows for an end user of the software package to input preferences for the one or more projects to be included in the software package.

50. The system ofclaim 49, wherein the bundler selects the one or more projects for inclusion with the software package based on the preferences from the end-user, wherein the one or more projects are selected from open-source providers, proprietary source providers, and software providers with no license requirements.

51. The system ofclaim 50, when the bundler further performs the license verification of selected said one or more projects to determine whether the licenses of the projects have changed.

52. The system ofclaim 43, wherein the package certifier includes a communication interface to deliver the software package to the intended system destination, wherein the communication interface communicates to the end-user with any of the following exemplary communications: Internet, serial indications, parallel communications, radio communications, etc.

53. The system ofclaim 43, wherein the bundler normalizes the one or more projects for inclusion with the software package.

54. The system ofclaim 53, wherein the bundler builds a configuration file as part of the normalization process according to an operating system for which the software package is intended to operate with.

55.-65. (canceled)

Images