US20080039875A1 - Apparatus and method for manipulating or retracting tissue and anatomical structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Integrated systems and associated method for manipulating tissues and anatomical or other structures in medical applications for the purpose of treating diseases or disorders or other purposes. In one aspect, the system includes a delivery device configured to deploy and implant anchoring devices for such purposes.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/318,246, entitled Devices, Systems and Methods for Retracting, Lifting, Compressing, Supporting or Repositioning Tissues or Anatomical Structures, filed on Dec. 22, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/134,870 entitled Devices, Systems and Methods for Treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Other Conditions, filed on May 20, 2005, the entire disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates generally to medical devices and methods, and more particularly to integrated systems and associated methods for manipulating or retracting tissues and anatomical or other structures within the body of human or animal subjects for the purpose of treating diseases or disorders and/or for cosmetic or reconstructive or other purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• There are a wide variety of situations in which it is desirable to lift, compress or otherwise reposition normal or aberrant tissues or anatomical structures (e.g., organs, ligaments, tendons, muscles, tumors, cysts, fat pads, etc.) within the body of a human or animal subject. Such procedures are often carried out for the purpose of treating or palliating the effects of diseases or disorders (e.g., hyperplasic conditions, hypertrophic conditions, neoplasias, prolapses, herniations, stenoses, constrictions, compressions, transpositions, congenital malformations, etc.) and/or for cosmetic purposes (e.g., face lifts, breast lifts, brow lifts, etc.) and/or for research and development purposes (e.g., to create animal models that mimic various pathological conditions). In many of these procedures, surgical incisions are made in the body and laborious surgical dissection is performed to access and expose the affected tissues or anatomical structures. Thereafter, in some cases, the affected tissues or anatomical structures are removed or excised. In other cases, various natural or man made materials are used to lift, sling, reposition or compress the affected tissues.
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
• One example of a condition where it is desirable to lift, compress or otherwise remove a pathologically enlarged tissue is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is one of the most common medical conditions that affect men, especially elderly men. It has been reported that, in the United States, more than half of all men have histopathologic evidence of BPH byage 60 and, by age 85, approximately 9 out of 10 men suffer from the condition. Moreover, the incidence and prevalence of BPH are expected to increase as the average age of the population in developed countries increases.
• The prostate gland enlarges throughout a man's life. In some men, the prostatic capsule around the prostate gland may prevent the prostate gland from enlarging further. This causes the inner region of the prostate gland to squeeze the urethra. This pressure on the urethra increases resistance to urine flow through the region of the urethra enclosed by the prostate. Thus the urinary bladder has to exert more pressure to force urine through the increased resistance of the urethra. Chronic over-exertion causes the muscular walls of the urinary bladder to remodel and become stiffer. This combination of increased urethral resistance to urine flow and stiffness and hypertrophy of urinary bladder walls leads to a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that may severely reduce the patient's quality of life. These symptoms include weak or intermittent urine flow while urinating, straining when urinating, hesitation before urine flow starts, feeling that the bladder has not emptied completely even after urination, dribbling at the end of urination or leakage afterward, increased frequency of urination particularly at night, urgent need to urinate etc.
• In addition to patients with BPH, LUTS may also be present in patients with prostate cancer, prostate infections, and chronic use of certain medications (e.g. ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine etc.) that cause urinary retention especially in men with prostate enlargement.
• Although BPH is rarely life threatening, it can lead to numerous clinical conditions including urinary retention, renal insufficiency, recurrent urinary tract infection, incontinence, hematuria, and bladder stones.
• In developed countries, a large percentage of the patient population undergoes treatment for BPH symptoms. It has been estimated that by the age of 80 years, approximately 25% of the male population of the United States will have undergone some form of BPH treatment. At present, the available treatment options for BPH include watchful waiting, medications (phytotherapy and prescription medications), surgery and minimally invasive procedures.
• For patients who choose the watchful waiting option, no immediate treatment is provided to the patient, but the patient undergoes regular exams to monitor progression of the disease. This is usually done on patients that have minimal symptoms that are not especially bothersome.
• Medications for treating BPH symptoms include phytotherapy and prescription medications. In phytotherapy, plant products such as Saw Palmetto, African Pygeum, Serenoa Repens (sago palm) and South African star grass are administered to the patient. Prescription medications are prescribed as first line therapy in patients with symptoms that are interfering with their daily activities. Two main classes of prescription medications are alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors blockers block that activity of alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors that are responsible for causing constriction of smooth muscle cells in the prostate. Thus, blocking the activity of alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors causes prostatic smooth muscle relaxation. This in turn reduces urethral resistance thereby reducing the severity of the symptoms. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone causes growth of epithelial cells in the prostate gland. Thus 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors cause regression of epithelial cells in the prostate gland and hence reduce the volume of the prostate gland which in turn reduces the severity of the symptoms.
• Surgical procedures for treating BPH symptoms include Transurethal Resection of Prostate (TURP), Transurethral Electrovaporization of Prostate (TVP), Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP), Laser Prostatectomy and Open Prostatectomy.
• Transurethal Resection of Prostate (TURP) is the most commonly practiced surgical procedure implemented for the treatment of BPH. In this procedure, prostatic urethral obstruction is reduced by removing most of the prostatic urethra and a sizeable volume of the surrounding prostate gland. This is carried out under general or spinal anesthesia. In this procedure, a urologist visualizes the urethra by inserting a resectoscope, that houses an optical lens in communication with a video camera, into the urethra such that the distal region of the resectoscope is in the region of the urethra surrounded by the prostate gland. The distal region of the resectoscope consists of an electric cutting loop that can cut prostatic tissue when an electric current is applied to the device. An electric return pad is placed on the patient to close the cutting circuit. The electric cutting loop is used to scrape away tissue from the inside of the prostate gland. The tissue that is scraped away is flushed out of the urinary system using an irrigation fluid. Using a coagulation energy setting, the loop is also used to cauterize transected vessels during the operation.
• Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Transurethral Electrovaporization of the Prostate (TVP). In this procedure, a part of prostatic tissue squeezing the urethra is desiccated or vaporized. This is carried out under general or spinal anesthesia. In this procedure, a resectoscope is inserted transurethrally such that the distal region of the resectoscope is in the region of the urethra surrounded by the prostate gland. The distal region of the resectoscope consists of a rollerball or a grooved roller electrode. A controlled amount of electric current is passed through the electrode. The surrounding tissue is rapidly heated up and vaporized to create a vaporized space. Thus the region of urethra that is blocked by the surrounding prostate gland is opened up.
• Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP). In this procedure, the resistance to urine flow is reduced by making one or more incisions in the prostate gland in the region where the urethra meets the urinary bladder. This procedure is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. In this procedure, one or more incisions are made in the muscle of the bladder neck, which is the region where the urethra meets the urinary bladder. The incisions are in most cases are deep enough to cut the surrounding prostate gland tissue including the prostatic capsule. This releases any compression on the bladder neck and causes the bladder neck to spring apart. The incisions can be made using a resectoscope, laser beam etc.
• Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Laser Prostatectomy. Two common techniques used for Laser Prostatectomy are Visual Laser Ablation of the Prostate (VLAP) and the Holmium Laser Resection/Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). In VLAP, a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser is used to ablate tissue by causing coagulation necrosis. The procedure is performed under visual guidance. In HoLEP, a holmium: Yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser is used for direct contact ablation of tissue. Both these techniques are used to remove tissue obstructing the urethral passage to reduce the severity of BPH symptoms.
• Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate (PVP). In this procedure, laser energy is used to vaporize prostatic tissue to relieve obstruction to urine flow in the urethra. The type of laser used is the Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate (KTP) laser. The wavelength of this laser is highly absorbed by oxyhemoglobin. This laser vaporizes cellular water and hence is used to remove tissue that is obstructing the urethra.
• Another example of a surgical procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Open Prostatectomy. In this procedure, the prostate gland is surgically removed by an open surgery. This is done under general anesthesia. The prostate gland is removed through an incision in the lower abdomen or the perineum. The procedure is used mostly in patients that have a large (greater than approximately 100 grams) prostate gland.
• Minimally invasive procedures for treating BPH symptoms include Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT), Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA), Interstitial Laser Coagulation (ILC), and Prostatic Stents.
• In Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT), microwave energy is used to generate heat that destroys hyperplastic prostate tissue. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia. In this procedure, a microwave antenna is inserted in the urethra. A rectal thermosensing unit is inserted into the rectum to measure rectal temperature. Rectal temperature measurements are used to prevent overheating of the anatomical region. The microwave antenna is then used to deliver microwaves to lateral lobes of the prostate gland. The microwaves are absorbed as they pass through prostate tissue. This generates heat which in turn destroys the prostate tissue. The destruction of prostate tissue reduces the degree of squeezing of the urethra by the prostate gland thus reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
• Another example of a minimally invasive procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA). In this procedure, heat induced coagulation necrosis of prostate tissue regions causes the prostate gland to shrink. It is performed using local anesthetic and intravenous or oral sedation. In this procedure, a delivery catheter is inserted into the urethra. The delivery catheter comprises two radiofrequency needles that emerge at an angle of 90 degrees from the delivery catheter. The two radiofrequency needles are aligned at an angle of 40 degrees to each other so that they penetrate the lateral lobes of the prostate. A radiofrequency current is delivered through the radiofrequency needles to heat the tissue of the lateral lobes to 70-100 degree Celsius at a radiofrequency power of approximately 456 KHz for approximately 4 minutes per lesion. This creates coagulation defects in the lateral lobes. The coagulation defects cause shrinkage of prostatic tissue which in turn reduces the degree of squeezing of the urethra by the prostate gland thus reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
• Another example of a minimally invasive procedure for treating BPH symptoms is Interstitial Laser Coagulation (ILC). In this procedure, laser induced necrosis of prostate tissue regions causes the prostate gland to shrink. It is performed using regional anesthesia, spinal or epidural anesthesia or local anesthesia (periprostatic block). In this procedure, a cystoscope sheath is inserted into the urethra and the region of the urethra surrounded by the prostate gland is inspected. A laser fiber is inserted into the urethra. The laser fiber has a sharp distal tip to facilitate the penetration of the laser scope into prostatic tissue. The distal tip of the laser fiber has a distal-diffusing region that distributes laser energy 360° along the terminal 3 mm of the laser fiber. The distal tip is inserted into the middle lobe of the prostate gland and laser energy is delivered through the distal tip for a desired time. This heats the middle lobe and causes laser induced necrosis of the tissue around the distal tip. Thereafter, the distal tip is withdrawn from the middle lobe. The same procedure of inserting the distal tip into a lobe and delivering laser energy is repeated with the lateral lobes. This causes tissue necrosis in several regions of the prostate gland which in turn causes the prostate gland to shrink. Shrinkage of the prostate gland reduces the degree of squeezing of the urethra by the prostate thus reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
• Another example of a minimally invasive procedure for treating BPH symptoms is implanting Prostatic Stents. In this procedure, the region of urethra surrounded by the prostate is mechanically supported to reduce the constriction caused by an enlarged prostate. Prostatic stents are flexible devices that are expanded after their insertion in the urethra. They mechanically support the urethra by pushing the obstructing prostatic tissue away from the urethra. This reduces the constriction of the urethra and improves urine flow past the prostate gland thereby reducing the severity of BPH symptoms.
• Although existing treatments provide some relief to the patient from symptoms of BPH, they have disadvantages. Alpha-1a-adrenergic receptors blockers have side effects such as dizziness, postural hypotension, lightheadedness, asthenia and nasal stuffiness. Retrograde ejaculation can also occur. 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors have minimal side effects, but only a modest effect on BPH symptoms and the flow rate of urine. In addition, anti-androgens, such as 5-alpha-reductase, require months of therapy before LUTS improvements are observed. Surgical treatments of BPH carry a risk of complications including erectile dysfunction; retrograde ejaculation; urinary incontinence; complications related to anesthesia; damage to the penis or urethra, need for a repeat surgery etc. Even TURP, which is the gold standard in treatment of BPH, carries a high risk of complications. Adverse events associated with this procedure are reported to include retrograde ejaculation (65% of patients), post-operative irritation (15%), erectile dysfunction (10%), need for transfusion (8%), bladder neck constriction (7%), infection (6%), significant hematuria (6%), acute urinary retention (5%), need for secondary procedure (5%), and incontinence (3%) Typical recovery from TURP involves several days of inpatient hospital treatment with an indwelling urethral catheter, followed by several weeks in which obstructive symptoms are relieved but there is pain or discomfort during micturition.
• The reduction in the symptom score after minimally invasive procedures is not as large as the reduction in symptom score after TURP. Up to 25% of patients who receive these minimally invasive procedures ultimately undergo a TURP within 2 years. The improvement in the symptom score generally does not occur immediately after the procedure. For example, it takes an average of one month for a patient to notice improvement in symptoms after TUMT and 1.5 months to notice improvement after ILC. In fact, symptoms are typically worse for these therapies that heat or cook tissue, because of the swelling and necrosis that occurs in the initial weeks following the procedures. Prostatic stents often offer more immediate relief from obstruction but are now rarely used because of high adverse effect rates. Stents have the risk of migration from the original implant site (up to 12.5% of patients), encrustation (up to 27.5%), incontinence (up to 3%), and recurrent pain and discomfort. In published studies, these adverse effects necessitated 8% to 47% of stents to be explanted. Overgrowth of tissue through the stent and complex stent geometries have made their removal quite difficult and invasive.
• Thus the most effective current methods of treating BPH carry a high risk of adverse effects. These methods and devices either require general or spinal anesthesia or have potential adverse effects that dictate that the procedures be performed in a surgical operating room, followed by a hospital stay for the patient. The methods of treating BPH that carry a lower risk of adverse effects are also associated with a lower reduction in the symptom score. While several of these procedures can be conducted with local analgesia in an office setting, the patient does not experience immediate relief and in fact often experiences worse symptoms for weeks after the procedure until the body begins to heal. Additionally all device approaches require a urethral catheter placed in the bladder, in some cases for weeks. In some cases catheterization is indicated because the therapy actually causes obstruction during a period of time post operatively, and in other cases it is indicated because of post-operative bleeding and potentially occlusive clot formation. While drug therapies are easy to administer, the results are suboptimal, take significant time to take effect, and often entail undesired side effects.
• Urinary Incontinence (UI)
• Many women experience loss of bladder control following childbirth or in old age. This condition is broadly referred to as urinary incontinence (UI). The severity of UI varies and, in severe cases, the disorder can be totally debilitating, keeping the patient largely homebound. It is usually associated with a cystocele, which results from sagging of the neck of the urinary bladder into or even outside the vagina
• The treatments for UI include behavioral therapy, muscle strengthening exercises (e.g., Kegel exercises), drug therapy, electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves, use of intravaginal devices and surgery.
• In severe cases of UI, surgery is generally the best treatment option. In general, the surgical procedures used to treat UI attempt to lift and support the bladder so that the bladder and urethra are returned to their normal positions within the pelvic cavity. The two most common ways of performing these surgeries is through incisions formed in the abdominal wall or though the wall of the vagina.
• A number of different surgical procedures have been used to treat UI. The names for these procedures include the Birch Procedure, Marshall-Marchetti Operation, MMK, Pubo-Vaginal Sling, Trans-Vaginal Tape Procedure, Urethral Suspension, Vesicourethral Suspension. These procedures generally fall into two categories, namely a) retropubic suspension procedures and b) sling procedures.
• In retropubic suspension procedures, an incision is typically made in the abdominal wall a few inches below the navel and a network of sutures are placed to support the bladder neck. The sutures are anchored to the pubic bone and to other structures within the pelvis, essentially forming a cradle which supports the urinary bladder.
• In sling procedures, an incision is typically made in the wall of the vagina and a sling is crafted of either natural tissue or synthetic (man-made) material to support the bladder neck. Both ends of the sling may be attached to the pubic bone or tied in front of the abdomen just above the pubic bone. In some sling procedures a synthetic tape is used to form the sling and the ends of the synthetic tape are not tied but rather pulled up above the pubic bone.
• The surgeries used to treat UI are generally associated with significant discomfort as the incisions heal and may require a Foley or supra-pubic urinary catheter to remain in place for at least several days following the surgery. Thus, there exists a need in the art for the development of minimally invasive (e.g., non-incisional) procedures for the treatment of UI with less postoperative discomfort and less requirement for post-surgical urinary catheterization.
• Cosmetic or Reconstructive Tissue Lifting and Repositioning
• Many cosmetic or reconstructive surgical procedures involve lifting, compressing or repositioning of natural tissue, natural tissue or artificial grafts or aberrant tissue. For example, surgical procedures such as face lifts, brow lifts, neck lifts, tummy tucks, etc. have become commonplace. In many cases, these procedures are performed by creating incisions through the skin, dissecting to a plane beneath muscles and fascia, freeing the muscles, fascia and overlying skin from underlying structures (e.g., bone or other muscles), lifting or repositioning the freed muscles, fascia and overlying skin and then attaching the repositioned tissues to underlying or nearby structures (e.g., bone, periostium, other muscles) to hold the repositioned tissues in their new (e.g., lifted) position. In some cases excess skin may also be removed during the procedure.
• There have been attempts to develop minimally invasive devices and methods for cosmetic lifting and repositioning of tissues. For example, suture suspension lifts have been developed where one end of a standard or modified suture thread is attached to muscle and the other end is anchored to bone, periostium or another structure to lift and reposition the tissues as desired. Some of these suture suspension techniques have been performed through cannulas or needles inserted though relatively small incisions of puncture wounds.
• For example, barbed threads known as Aptos threads may be inserted through a hollow trocar and used to lift tissues of the face in a procedure that is performed commercially under the name Featherlift™ (KMI, Inc. 2550 West Rowland Anaheim, Calif. 92804).
• Another barbed thread that is useable for minimally invasive cosmetic lifting procedures is marketed under the name Contour Threads™ (Surgical Specialties Corporation, 100 Dennis Drive Reading, Pa. 19606).
• There remains a need for the development of new devices and methods that may be used for various procedures where it is desired to lift, compress, support or reposition tissues or organs within the body with less intraoperative trauma, less post-operative discomfort and/or shorter recovery times. Moreover, there is an opportunity to take advantage of aspects of anatomy and to employ structures configured to cooperate with such anatomy. In this way, an interventional site within a patient's body can be more easily accessed as well as heal more easily and completely and the body can more readily return to normal operation.
• The present invention addresses these and other needs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• Briefly and in general terms, the present invention is directed towards an apparatus and method for deploying an anchoring assembly within a patient's body. The anchoring assembly can be configured to accomplish retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning tissue within the body of a human or animal subject. Moreover, the apparatus configured to deploy the anchoring assembly as well as the anchoring assembly itself are configured to complement and cooperate with body anatomy. Further, the anchoring assembly may be coated or imbedded with therapeutic or diagnostic substances or such substances can be introduced into or near an interventional site by the anchor deployment device or other structure.
• In a particular aspect, the present invention includes an integrated anchor delivery device that is capable of deploying at an interventional site an anchoring assembly including a first anchoring member attached by a connector to a second anchoring member. The anchor delivery device further includes an extendable and retractable needle assembly as well as structure to accomplish the deployment of the first anchoring member longitudinally through the needle assembly. The anchor delivery device additionally includes structure to attach the second anchoring member to the connector as well as cut the connector to a desired length.
• In another aspect, structure of the anchoring assembly is designed to invaginate within or complement tissue anatomy to thereby facilitate healing and minimize infection risk. Moreover, the anchor delivery device includes structure to form desired angles between an extended position of the needle assembly relative to the device. Additionally, it is contemplated that a distal end portion of the anchor delivery device be configured to facilitate the testing of the effectiveness of positioning of an anchoring assembly. In this regard, the distal end portion is configured in a manner to mimic the effect a second anchoring member will have prior to its implantation.
• In one embodiment, the anchor delivery device includes a handle assembly with a plurality of actuators or triggers attached thereto. A first actuator is associated with a body of the handle assembly and is operatively attached to the needle assembly and structure that advances the first anchoring member. A second actuator attached to the handle assembly is operatively associated with structure that accomplishes assembling first and second parts of the second anchoring member to each other and to the connector member. Also, the handle assembly is equipped with a third actuator that is configured in one contemplated embodiment, to effect the cutting of the anchoring assembly to a desired length and deployment of the structure at an interventional site.
• In a specific embodiment, the anchor delivery device includes a generally elongate tubular housing assembly member extending distally from a handle assembly including a plurality of actuators. The proximal end of the handle assembly is equipped with mounting structure configured to receive a telescope or other endoscopic viewing instrument. A bore sized to receive the telescope extends distally through a body of the handle assembly and continues through an outer tubular cover member forming the generally elongate member. Housed within the tubular housing assembly are a telescope tube having an interior defining a distal section of the bore sized to receive the telescope, an upper tubular member assembly sized to receive a plurality of first components of the second anchor member and a needle housing configured to receive the needle assembly. Moreover, the generally elongate tubular housing includes a terminal end portion defined by a nose assembly which retains a plurality of second components of the second anchoring members.
• Moreover, in a preferred embodiment the first anchor member includes a body having a generally tubular portion from which a first partial cylinder portion extends proximally. Attached to a midpoint of the body is a spring in the form of a second partial cylinder portion that is complementary to the first partial cylinder portion. Extending from the opposite end of the spring is a generally tubular collar. In a compressed configuration, the first anchor member defines a generally straight member and when unconstrained, the first anchor member forms a T-structure with the body defining the cross-member of the T-structure.
• Further, in the preferred embodiment, the first part of the second anchoring member is embodied in a pin having a first distal end equipped with a pair of spaced arms and a second proximal end including grooves facilitating pushability. The arms of the first distal end are designed to receive the connector structure and to be placed into locking engagement with the second part of the second anchoring member. The second part has a generally tubular configuration and an internal bore sized to receive the first component.
• The present invention also contemplates a number of alternative designs for the first and second anchoring members and connectors as well as structures for advancing and deploying the anchoring members and cutting the connector. Additionally, it is contemplated that various embodiments can incorporate one or more sensors into the deployment device to facilitate proper positioning of the device and anchor deployment.
• Moreover, various alternative methods of use are also contemplated. That is, in some applications of the invention, the invention may be used to facilitate volitional or non-volitional flow of a body fluid through a body lumen, modify the size or shape of a body lumen or cavity, treat prostate enlargement, treat urinary incontinence, support or maintain positioning of a tissue, organ or graft, perform a cosmetic lifting or repositioning procedure, form anastomotic connections, and/or treat various other disorders where a natural or pathologic tissue or organ is pressing on or interfering with an adjacent anatomical structure. Also, the invention has a myriad of other potential surgical, therapeutic, cosmetic or reconstructive applications, such as where a tissue, organ, graft or other material requires retracting, lifting, repositioning, compression or support.
• Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is an elevation view, depicting an integrated anchor deployment device;
• FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view, depicting a distal end portion of the device ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view, depicting the implantation of anchoring assemblies at an interventional site;
• FIG. 2C is an enlarged view, depicting one anchoring component of the assemblies shown inFIG. 2B;
• FIG. 2D is a partial perspective view, depicting an elongate tube assembly of the device ofFIG. 1 without the outer sheath and detached from the nose assembly and handle assembly;
• FIG. 2E is a cross-sectional view, depicting a portion of a handle assembly of the device ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 2F is a cross-sectional view, depicting further details of the device ofFIG. 2C in addition to a cross-sectional view of a portion of the tubular housing assembly;
• FIG. 3A is a perspective view, depicting a first anchoring member of an anchoring assembly of the present invention shown in a substantially straight configuration;
• FIG. 3B is a perspective view, depicting the first member ofFIG. 3A in a deployed or flipped configuration;
• FIG. 3C is a perspective view, depicting a first component of a second anchoring member of an anchoring assembly of the present invention;
• FIG. 3D is a perspective view, depicting a second component of a second anchoring member of an anchoring assembly of the present invention;
• FIG. 3E is a perspective view, depicting a connector component with a plurality of first anchoring members of the anchoring assembly disposed thereon;
• FIG. 3F is a perspective view, depicting an assembled anchoring assembly;
• FIG. 3G is a perspective view, depicting a coined connector;
• FIG. 3H is a perspective view, depicting a connector equipped with raised portions;
• FIG. 3I is a perspective view, depicting a connector equipped with crimped components;
• FIG. 4A is a perspective view, depicting an alternate embodiment of a distal component of an anchoring assembly;
• FIG. 4B is a perspective view, depicting the distal component ofFIG. 4A in a flipped configuration;
• FIG. 4C is a perspective view, depicting another alternate embodiment of a distal component of an anchoring assembly;
• FIG. 4D is a perspective view, depicting the distal component ofFIG. 4C in a flipped configuration;
• FIG. 4E is a perspective view, depicting yet another alternate embodiment of a distal component of an anchoring assembly;
• FIG. 4F is a perspective view, depicting the distal component ofFIG. 4E in a flipped configuration;
• FIG. 4G is a perspective view, depicting a distal component of an anchoring assembly with a first embodiment of a tail section;
• FIG. 4H is a perspective view, depicting a distal component of an anchoring assembly with a second embodiment of a tail section;
• FIG. 4I is a perspective view, depicting a distal component of an anchoring assembly with a third embodiment of a tail section;
• FIG. 4J is a perspective view, depicting yet another embodiment of a distal component;
• FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view, depicting a first step of treating a prostate gland using the present invention;
• FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view, depicting a portion of the anchor deployment device ofFIG. 1 with the first actuator pivoted toward the handle assembly;
• FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view, depicting further internal mechanisms of the handle for accomplishing the advancement of the needle assembly;
• FIG. 5D is a perspective view, depicting the distal end portion of the anchor deployment device and the lateral advancement of a needle assembly;
• FIG. 5E is a cross-sectional view, depicting a second step of treating a prostate gland using the present invention;
• FIG. 5F is a perspective view, depicting the partial retraction of the needle assembly;
• FIG. 5G is a cross-sectional view, depicting the assembly ofFIG. 5D;
• FIG. 5H is a perspective view, depicting the complete retraction of the needle assembly;
• FIGS. I and J are cross-sectional views, depicting further steps of a method of treating a prostate gland using the present invention;
• FIG. 5K is an enlarged perspective view, depicting one embodiment of a feeding mechanism for the distal component;
• FIG. 6A is an elevation view, depicting one alternative approach for controlling the advancement and deployment of an anchor component;
• FIG. 6B is an elevation view, depicting a first configuration of the anchor ofFIG. 6A after release from the advancement substructure.
• FIG. 6C is an elevation view, depicting a second configuration of the anchor ofFIG. 6A after release from the advancement substructure.
• FIG. 6D is a perspective view, depicting an alternate embodiment of a pusher device;
• FIG. 6E is a perspective view, depicting a needle and pusher assembly configured for side loading of an anchor component;
• FIG. 6F is a perspective view, depicting an alternate embodiment of a pusher assembly;
• FIG. 6G is a perspective view, depicting the pusher assembly ofFIG. 6F and a complementary needle assembly;
• FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view, depicting an anchor loaded in a protective cover;
• FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view, depicting a pusher cartridge in a loaded position;
• FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view, depicting the cartridge ofFIG. 7A in an anchor deployed position;
• FIG. 7D is an elevation view, depicting an anchor cartridge assembly;
• FIG. 7E is a perspective view, depicting a needle assembly equipped with a sensor;
• FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view, depicting the pivoting of the second actuator with respect to the handle;
• FIG. 8B is an isometric view, depicting internal components operatively associated with the second actuator and with other components of the anchor deployment device removed;
• FIG. 8C is a partial cross-sectional view, depicting a distal end portion of the integrated anchor deployment device ofFIG. 8A;
• FIG. 8D is a partial cross-sectional view, depicting the deployment device ofFIG. 8C with a second component of the second anchoring member being advanced toward a first component of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 8E is a perspective view, depicting the deployment device ofFIG. 8B with the second component completely advanced into locking engagement with the first component;
• FIG. 9A is an enlarged perspective view, depicting a first step in joining the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9B is an enlarged perspective view, depicting a second step in joining the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9C is an enlarged perspective view, depicting a third step in joining the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9D is an enlarged perspective view, depicting a first step in an alternate approach in joining the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9E is an enlarged perspective view, depicting a second step in the alternate approach in joining the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9F is an enlarged perspective view, depicting a third step in the alternate approach in joining the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9G is a perspective view, depicting another alternate embodiment of the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9H is a cross-sectional view, depicting an interior of the assembly shown inFIG. 9G;
• FIG. 9I is a perspective view, depicting yet another alternative embodiment of the first and second components of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9J is a perspective view, depicting yet another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9K is a perspective view, depicting a further embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9L is a perspective view, depicting yet a further embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9M is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9N is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9O is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9P is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9O in an assembled form;
• FIG. 9Q is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9R is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9Q in an assembled form;
• FIG. 9S is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9T is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9U is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9T in an assembled form;
• FIG. 9V is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9W is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9V in an assembled form;
• FIG. 9X is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9Y is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9Z is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AA is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AB is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AC is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9AC in a compressed form;
• FIG. 9AD is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AE is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9AD in a compressed form;
• FIG. 9AF is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AG is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AH is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9AG in an open configuration;
• FIG. 9AI is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member in combination with a forming anvil;
• FIG. 9AJ is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member in combination with a forming anvil;
• FIG. 9AK is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AL is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member;
• FIG. 9AM is a perspective view, depicting the embodiment ofFIG. 9AL in an open configuration;
• FIG. 9AN is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member shown in its flattened configuration;
• FIG. 9AO is a perspective view, depicting another embodiment of the second anchoring member shown in its flattened configuration;
• FIGS.10A-B are cross-sectional views, depicting yet further steps involved in treating a prostate gland using the present invention;
• FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view, depicting a first step in an alternative approach to anchor assembly and deployment;
• FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view, depicting a second step in an alternative approach to anchor assembly and deployment;
• FIG. 11C is a cross-sectional view, depicting a third step in an alternative approach to anchor assembly and deployment;
• FIG. 12A is a perspective view, depicting structure configured to align components of the anchoring assembly;
• FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view, depicting the structure ofFIG. 12A;
• FIG. 13A is a partial cross-sectional view, depicting a first step in an alternative approach to implanting an integrated anchor assembly;
• FIG. 13B is a partial cross-sectional view, depicting a second step in an alternative approach to implanting the integrated anchor assembly ofFIG. 13A;
• FIG. 13C is a perspective view, depicting a third step in an alternative approach to implanting the integrated anchor assembly ofFIG. 13A;
• FIG. 13D is a perspective view, depicting yet another embodiment of an integrated anchor;
• FIG. 13E is a elevation view, depicting the anchor ofFIG. 13D in a flipped configuration;
• FIG. 13F is a elevation view, depicting the anchor ofFIG. 13D in a flat configuration.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Turning now to the figures, which are provided by way of example and not limitation, the present invention is embodied in a device configured to deliver anchor assemblies within a patient's body. As stated, the present invention can be employed for various medical purposes including but not limited to retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning tissues, organs, anatomical structures, grafts or other material found within a patient's body. Such tissue manipulation is intended to facilitate the treatment of diseases or disorders. Moreover, the disclosed invention has applications in cosmetic or reconstruction purposes or in areas relating the development or research of medical treatments.
• In such applications, one portion of an anchor assembly is positioned and implanted against a first section of anatomy. A second portion of the anchor assembly is then positioned and implanted adjacent a second section of anatomy for the purpose of retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning the second section of anatomy with respect to the first section of anatomy. It is also to be recognized that both a first and second portion of the anchor assembly can be configured to accomplish the desired retracting, lifting, compressing, supporting or repositioning of anatomy due to tension supplied thereto via a connector assembly affixed to the first and second portions of the anchor assembly.
• Referring now toFIG. 1, there is shown one embodiment of an integratedanchor delivery device20. This device is configured to include structure that is capable of both gaining access to an interventional site as well as assembling and implanting an anchoring device within a patient's body. The device further includes structure configured to receive a conventional remote viewing device so that the steps being performed at the interventional site can be observed.
• The integratedanchor delivery device20 includes ahandle assembly22 and atubular housing assembly24 extending from thehandle assembly22. Thehandle assembly22 is sized and shaped to fit comfortably within an operator's hand and can be formed from conventional materials.
• The proximal end of thedelivery device20 includes amount26 for receiving an endoscope ortelescope28 or other imaging device. Themount26 includes an internal bore (not shown) sized and shaped to receive thetelescope28. As indicated, thetelescope28 is intended to provide the operator with the ability to view the operation of thedelivery device20 at an interventional site.
• Thehandle assembly22 of thedelivery device20 also includes a plurality of activators or triggers associated with thehandle assembly22. Thebody30 includes a first orupper portion32 extending generally perpendicularly with respect to a second orlower portion34. The second portion is intended to be sized and shaped to fit within the palm of an operator's hand. Pivotably affixed to thesecond portion34 is afirst actuator36. Although it can come in a myriad of forms, thefirst actuator36 includes a hooped portion sized and shaped to receive one or more fingers of the operator's hand. The hooped portion extends from an arm which is pivotably connected to thehandle22, the arm and hooped portion defining an acute angle with respect to thesecond portion34 of thehandle assembly22 when inactivated. As will be described in more detail below, thefirst actuator36 is operatively associated with a needle assembly and structure configured to advance and place a first component of an anchoring assembly at an interventional site.
• A second trigger oractuator38 is pivotably connected adjacent thefirst body portion32. Although it can come in a myriad of forms, thesecond actuator38 defines a generally finger-like projection and is positioned longitudinally distally from thebody30 with respect to thefirst actuator36. Thesecond actuator38 also defines an acute angle respecting thesecond portion34 of thehandle assembly22 and is sized and shaped to comfortably receive one or more fingers of the operator. Upon actuation, thesecond actuator38 is configured to accomplish the assembly of an anchoring device by attaching a second anchor component to a connector affixed to the first anchor component.
• A third trigger oractuator40 is connected and configured to pivotably rotate with respect to a top side ofupper body portion30. Although it can come in a myriad of forms, in one embodiment, thethird actuator40 defines a relatively straight member with a rounded substructure formed at its free terminal end. In this way, thethird actuator40 is easily manipulated by a free digit of the operator's hand. Thethird actuator40 rotates from a forward position where it forms an acute angle with thetubular housing assembly24 to a rearward position where the member defines an obtuse angle with respect to thetubular housing assembly24. In one embodiment, thethird actuator40 is intended to retract portions of thetubular housing assembly24 as well as accomplish cutting the connector of the anchoring assembly and deploying the anchoring assembly at an interventional site.
• As stated, thetubular housing assembly24 extends from thehandle assembly22. In one aspect, thetubular housing assembly24 is mounted to a front face of theupper portion32 of thehandle assembly22 and extends parallel to a longitudinal axis of theupper portion32. At its proximal end, thetubular housing assembly24 includes amount42 from which anouter sheath44 extends in a distal direction. Themount42 includes one or more conventionalstop cock assemblies46 which provide fluid communication with an interior of the tubular housing assembly. Onestop cock assembly46 is intended to provide theanchor delivery device20 with a continuous flow irrigation. Anotherstop cock46 is contemplated to be used to accomplish a suction function through the device. Either of these assemblies can further be employed to deliver therapeutic or diagnostic substances to the interventional site. For example, in a procedure to treat a prostate gland, substances that cause the prostate to decrease in size such as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors can be introduced at the treatment site. Other substances but not limited thereto, which may be introduced at the site include various phytochemicals, alpha-1a-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, smooth muscle relaxants and other agents that inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
• Aterminal end portion48 of thetubular housing assembly24 of theanchor deployment device20 includes anose assembly50 shaped to provide an atraumatic surface as well as one which facilitates desired positioning of components of an anchoring assembly (SeeFIG. 2A). That is, by including structure that can mimic the ultimate position of a proximally oriented component of an anchoring assembly, an operator can test the effect of the anchoring assembly prior to implantation. Once the operator confirms that the subject anchoring component will be positioned as desired, the implantation of the anchor is then undertaken and accomplished.
• Once implanted, the anchoring assembly51 (SeeFIGS. 2B and C) of the present invention accomplishes desired tissue manipulation or retraction as well as cooperates with the target anatomy to provide an atraumatic support structure. In particular, as shown inFIG. 2C, the shape and contour of the anchoringassembly51 can be configured so that the assembly invaginates within target tissue, such as within natural folds formed in the urethra by the opening of the urethra lumen by the anchoring assembly. In fact, in situations where the anchor assembly is properly placed, wispy or pillowy tissue in the area collapses around the anchor structure. Eventually, the natural tissue can grow over theanchor assembly51 and new cell growth occurs over time in the areas shown inFIG. 2C. Such cooperation with target tissue facilitates healing and avoids unwanted side effects such as calcification at the interventional site.
• Furthermore, in addition to an intention to cooperate with natural tissue anatomy, the present invention also contemplates approaches to accelerate healing or induce scarring. Manners in which healing can be promoted can include employing abrasive materials, textured sutures, biologics and drugs.
• It has been observed that placing the anchors at various desired positions within anatomy can extract the best results. For example, when treating a prostate, one portion of an anchor can be placed within an urethra. It has been found that configuring such anchors so that ten o'clock and two o'clock positions are supported or retained effectively holds the anatomy open and also can facilitate invagination of the anchor portion within natural tissue. This is particularly true in the regions of anatomy near the bladder and the juncture at which the ejaculatory duct connects to the urethra.
• Additionally, the terminal end portion48 (FIG. 2A) includes a plurality of spring biased, vertically stackedring anchor components52 strategically positioned with respect to telescoping structure of the tubular housing assembly for the purpose of assembling an anchoring device. As will be apparent from further description below, thestacked anchor component52 is one of two parts which form a second anchor component. To accomplish the biasing of theanchor components52, aleaf spring54 is placed in apposition with theanchor component52 that is at the bottom of the stack of components. Internal molded walls and bosses of thenose assembly48 form a space to both receive thestacked anchor components52 as well as provide an area to retain theleaf spring54 and provide a base structure against which force supplied by the leaf spring can be generated and transmitted to theanchor components52.
• As can be seen fromFIG. 2A, terminal end portions of anupper tubular member56, aneedle housing58 and atelescope housing60 are positioned within the nose assembly. Referring now toFIG. 2D, one can better see the internal components forming the tubular housing assembly. For representation purposes, theouter sheath44 is not depicted inFIG. 2A and the internal components of the tubular housing assembly are shown separate from the nose assembly and handle assembly. As shown, theupper tubular member56, theneedle housing58 andtelescope housing60 extend longitudinally. The outer sheath (not shown inFIG. 2A) covers a substantial length of each of theupper tubular member56,needle housing58 andtelescope housing60. Each of these structures also include internal bores, theupper tubular member56 sized to slideably receive a pusher assembly (described in more detail below) and theneedle housing58 sized to slideably receive a needle assembly58 (also described in more detail below). Further, thetelescope housing60 is sized to receive a conventional telescope (not shown), which in one approach, fills the entire space provided by the internal bore of thehousing60. A cross-sectional view of a portion of the tubular housing assembly attached to the handle assembly22 (with the nose assembly removed) is shown inFIG. 2F.
• Turning now toFIGS. 2E and 2F, the internal components of the handle assembly will be described. In one preferred embodiment, thehandle assembly22 houses a needle assembly advancement andretraction subassembly66 that interacts with the movement of the first actuator. The first actuator includes aprojection68 extending through thehousing assembly22 and is placed in operative association with the advancement andretraction subassembly66.
• The needle assembly advancement andretraction subassembly66 includes anouter collar70 configured about aninner collar72. Configured between theouter collar70 and an internalfront surface74 of thehandle assembly22 is afirst compressor spring75. Placed within theouter collar68 and between theinner collar72 and an internal front surface76 is asecond compression spring77. Additionally, attached to theouter collar70 is alock assembly78 which rotates between locked and unlocked positions.
• While the first actuator is in an open position (SeeFIG. 1), the compression springs75,76 assume expanded configurations (SeeFIGS. 2E and F). Also, thelock assembly78 is in a disengaged or unlocked configuration. It is at this stage that the needle assembly (described below) is in its retracted state and housed completely within theneedle housing58.
• One preferred embodiment of a first ordistal component82 is shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B. In an unconstrained configuration, the first component forms a generally T-configuration (FIG. 3B). When constrained within an anchor delivery device, the first component defines a substantially straight member (FIG. 3A). While the component can be formed from a number of materials and manufactured using various conventional approaches, it is contemplated that thecomponent82 be cut from a nitinol tube using a laser. Using a superelastic material such as nitinol provides thecomponent82 with the resiliency to transform between a flipped T-configuration and a straight configuration.
• As shown, thefirst component82 includes afirst portion84 which at one end defines a cylindrical structure and at the other a partial cylindrical structure. When unconstrained, thisfirst portion84 forms a T-bar or top of thefirst component82. A complementary partial cylindrical structure forms a mid-section orsecond portion86 of thefirst component82 and operates as a spring to accomplish the flipping of thefirst portion84 between constrained and unconstrained configurations. When the component is in its constrained, straight form, the second portion is positioned adjacent thefirst portion84. Athird portion88 is also cylindrical in shape and extends from thesecond portion86 away from thefirst portion84 of thefirst anchor component82. Thethird portion88 slides freely with respect to a connector, the connector being attached to thefirst portion84 and a second anchor component as will be described below.
• One part of thesecond anchoring component52 is best seen inFIG. 3C (previously depicted as stacked anchor components inFIG. 2A). This component is generally cylindrical in form and includes integrally formed rings90 spaced along an outer surface of the device, such spacing can be varied as necessary for a particular purpose. The device further includes ainternal bore92 which extends the entire length thereof. Aproximal end93 of this part of thesecond anchoring component52 includes an opening to theinternal bore92. The opening to thebore92 is surrounded by afirst ring90 and is sized to receive in a locking arrangement the connector which will attach thefirst anchor82 to thesecond anchor component52.Additional rings90 are spaced longitudinally along an outside surface of the component.
• As shown inFIG. 3D, asecond part98 of thesecond anchoring component52 can be sized and shaped to both engage a connector and to lockingly engage the first part. Although various forms of thesecond part98 are contemplated and described below, in one approach, the second part is generally cylindrical and includes a pair of spaced arms, the outer profile being sized to fit within theinternal bore92 of the first part.
• The connector94 (SeeFIG. 3E) can be formed from any material which provides the desired holding force between first and second components. In one preferred embodiment, the connector is formed from conventional suture material for example monofilament polyester. In a preferred embodiment, theconnector94 is monofilament polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The suture material embodies desirable flexibility as well as tensile strength. The monofilament PET size 2-0 is preferred because of high tensile strength when tensioned and high column strength to push the series ofparts82 through and out the needle. In addition, the monofilament helps reduce or eliminate the possibility of infection. As such, when used as aconnector94, such material can be flexed at sharp angles to access various anatomical structures and surfaces and can also be relied upon to transmit necessary forces between the first and second anchoring assemblies. One or morefirst anchor components82 can be affixed along a length of theconnector94. Further, various approaches can be employed to attach afirst anchor component82 to the connector. For example, the components can be affixed by an adhesive or can include tabs or other structure which is deformed into a locking arrangement with theconnector94. Moreover, theanchor component82 can simply be crimped directly to theconnector94 or the connector itself can include structure which is complementary to that of the component to accomplish affixation. It may be advantageous to employ an assembly capable of handling a connector equipped with a plurality of anchor components spaced along the connector since such a system has the ability to assemble and deliver multiple anchor assemblies without needing to reload.
• One embodiment of a completely assembled anchoringassembly92 is depicted inFIG. 3F. In the embodiment shown, the assembly includes a singlefirst anchor component82. In certain applications, however, it may be desirable to employ a device having a plurality of spaced first anchor components. Such spacing can be varied as desired for a particular application.
• It is also contemplated that the completed anchor assembly is formed from components which are held together magnetically. For example, thefirst anchor component82 and thesecond anchor component52,98 can be held in place through magnetism and without the need of a connector. In such an approach, either both or one of the anchor components can be a magnet.
• Moreover, as can be seen fromFIG. 3F, the second anchor component embodies thefirst part52 which can be deployed from the stacked group of such members housed within theterminal end portion48 of the tubular housing assembly24 (SeeFIG. 2A), as well as thesecond part98 which, by operation of the anchor delivery device20 (described below), lockingly engages thefirst part52.
• As previously mentioned, a completedanchor assembly96 can be employed to manipulate tissue and other structure found within a patient's body for various purposes. In order to do so, thefirst anchoring component82 is initially positioned in an apposition with a first body structure, such as the outer surface of the prostate capsule, and the second anchoring component assembly (52,98) is placed against a second body structure, such as the inner surface of the urethra, theconnector94 holding the desired spacing between the two body structures to accomplish the desired manipulation.
• Additionally, it is contemplated that all components of theanchor assembly96 or selected portions thereof (of any of the anchor assemblies described or contemplated), may be coated or embedded with therapeutic or diagnostic substances (e.g. drugs or therapeutic agents). Again, in the context of treating a prostate gland, theanchor assembly96 can be coated or imbedded with substances such as 5-alpha-reductase which cause the prostate to decrease in size. Other substances contemplated include but are not limited to phytochemicals generally, alpha-1a-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, smooth muscle relaxants, and agents that inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. In one particular approach, the connector95 can for example, be coated with a polymer matrix or gel coating which retains the therapeutic or diagnostic substance and facilitates accomplishing the timed release thereof. Additionally, it is contemplated that bacteriostatic coatings can be applied to various portions of the anchoring assemblies described herein. Such coatings can have various thicknesses or a specific thickness such that it along with the connector itself matches the profile of a cylindrical portion of an anchor member affixed to the connector. Moreover, the co-delivery of a therapeutic or diagnostic gel or other substances through the implant deployment device or another medical device (i.e. catheter), and moreover an anchor assembly including the same, is contemplated. In one such approach, the deployment device includes a reservoir holding the gel substance and through which an anchoring device can be advance to pick up a desired quantity of therapeutic or diagnostic gel substance.
• Theconnector94 can have associated therewith various structures which facilitate the attachment of anchoring structures. Although intended for thefirst anchor component82, such structure can also be used for thesecond anchor component52,98. In one approach (FIG. 3G), theconnector94 is coined100 in a manner that provides structure to which an anchor member can form a locking engagement. As shown inFIG. 3H, structure facilitating a locking engagement with anchor structure also can also be in the form of a ball-chain102. Furthermore, aconnector94 can be equipped with crimped metal orother structures104 for this purpose.
• Turning now toFIGS. 4A-4I, various alternatives offirst anchor components82 are presented. In particular, those depicted in FIGS.4A-I each include a structure which flips to assume an angled or generally lateral configuration when the component is unconstrained. In a constrained configuration, these components define a generally cylindrical profile (as shown inFIG. 4A).
• Moreover, each of the various alternative embodiments can be formed from conventional materials. In one aspect, the components can be formed by laser cutting a nitinol tube. However, it is to be recognized that other materials and manufacturing approaches are also contemplated for example EDM of stainless steel.
• For example, the connector shown inFIG. 4A includes a proximally orientedcollar106 which is intended to be slid along a connector as the second portion flips or rotates. Aspring member86 defines a bar arm which forms a bridge between thecollar106 and asecond portion108 which flips or rotates with respect to thecollar106 when the device is unconstrained as shown inFIG. 4B. In another approach (FIGS. 4C and 4D), thespring member86 forms a bridge between thecollar106 and asecond portion108 which includes a pair of members which in a constrained configuration extend in opposite directions along theconnector94 and when unconstrained, form a T-bar structure. In yet another approach (FIGS.4E-F), the anchoringcomponent82 can include a pair ofcollars106 configured between which are first and second springs86. Attached to eachspring86 is asecond portion108, each of which assume angled or lateral positions to thereby form an overall cross-like structure when unconstrained. Like the other embodiments, the component defines a generally straight, cylindrical structure when constrained.
• FIGS.4G-I depict further embodiments of structures that can be employed asfirst anchoring components82 or alternatively, can be used solely as structures for advancing the anchoring assembly sub-components within the anchor delivery device or a patient's body. Each of these depicted structures include various forms oftails110 which can be employed to advance theanchor components82 through direct engagement with a terminal end of a pusher assembly (not shown) or for registering within slots formed in a pusher assembly. These tails also help to flip, turn or angle thecomponent82 relative toconnector94. One embodiment of the tail (FIG. 4G) is a simple extension of a partial cylindrical member which is bent away from theconnector94. Another approach (FIG. 4H) involves along tail110 which is folded against theconnector94 and yet another approach (FIG. 4I) involves atail110 that rather than folded against the connector includes a narrowed section which is bent away from the connector and terminates to assume a beaver tail-like shape.
• With reference now toFIG. 4J, yet another embodiment of afirst anchoring component82 is presented. In this embodiment, the first anchoring component includes afull tube portion107 connected to ahalf tube portion109 by acoiled portion111. The device can further include suture attachment points formed along thefull tube portion109. The coiledportion111 provides flexibility in multiple planes and thus facilitates pushing the device through bends or angles formed in the deployment device employed to deliver thefirst anchoring component82.
• In a first step to deliver and deploy an anchoring assembly for the purpose of manipulating tissue or other anatomical structures, the telescope device is employed to view the positioning of thedevice20 at the interventional site, for example, thetubular housing assembly24 of the device is inserted into the penis of a patient and advanced until thedistal end48 is adjacent an interventional site in the urethra (UT) adjacent the bladder (UB; SeeFIG. 5A). It has been found that a mechanical solution to the treatment of BPH such as that of the present invention, can be more compatible with patients recovering from prostate cancer compared to energy-based solutions. Furthermore, the present invention also contemplates steps for sizing the anatomy. As it relates to BPH treatment, the present invention also involves the placement of an ultrasonic or other device in the patient's body, such as in the rectum, to measure the necessary depth of insertion of the anchor deployment device within the patient's body. This information can be used to set or create a depth stop for the needle assembly so that the operator can readily determine whether desired sections of the patient's anatomy have been accessed. After so positioning the deployment device within the patient, thefirst actuator36 of the delivery device20 (SeeFIG. 1) is then caused to be pivoted towards thehandle assembly22. Doing so causes theneedle assembly112 to be advanced distally and then laterally through a terminal end of theneedle housing58. Thelock assembly78 retains the needle in the advanced configuration (SeeFIGS. 5C and D). It is to be noted that thelock assembly78 can be configured to automatically unlock or to require manipulation to disengage from a locking position. In a procedure to treat the prostate gland (PG) theneedle assembly112 is advanced through the prostate gland to a first implant position (SeeFIG. 5E). Moreover, it is to be recognized that first forked member113 is translatable longitudinally either by hand or through action of a trigger or activator. InFIG. 5D, the first forked member113 is shown retracted to more easily represent other system components, but in use, at this stage of deployment, the member113 is contemplated to be in an advanced position into engagement with slot115. Further, it is to be understood that for ease of system representation, second forked member119 is shown in a truncated form, in that at this stage of deployment the terminal end of the member119 extends beyond the vertical stack ofsecond anchor components52, thereby holding the stack in a staged configuration. Finally, the present invention also contemplates a single member replacing the forked members113,119 depicted, such a part ofmember56 which can have portions which provide the function accomplish by the terminal ends of the members113,119.
• Notably, theneedle assembly112 has a generally tubular shape and terminates with asharp point114. A lumen extending the length of theneedle assembly112 is sized to receive both components of the anchoring assembly as well as structure for advancing the assembly through and out of theterminal end114. Although various materials are contemplated, theneedle assembly112 is intended to be formed from resilient material such as nitinol or other materials or polymeric substances. Moreover, although various angles are contemplated, in one approach theneedle housing58 includes a distal section angled such that the needle projects at angles approaching or at 90 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of thetubular housing assembly24.
• Once access is made at an interventional site to target tissue or anatomical structure and the first actuator is manipulated to advance theneedle assembly114 to a desired position, the actuator is further manipulated to release thelock assembly78 as well as to cause the internal compression springs to retract the needle assembly. Note that the position of thefirst actuator36 will return to the open position (SeeFIGS. 1, 2E and2F). The result of this action is depicted inFIGS. 5F, G, H, I and J. (Again, note that member113 and119 are shown in retracted or truncated forms inFIGS. 5F, G and H for clarity of representation.) That is, as theneedle assembly112 is retracted, thefirst anchoring component82 andconnector94 remain in an advanced configuration (FIGS. 5I and J). It is at this stage that the first anchoring component has been positioned as desired against a first anatomical body structure (SeeFIG. 5J).
• Contemporaneously with the retraction of theneedle assembly112, is the withdrawal of the structure used to advance thefirst anchoring component82 andconnector structure94 within theneedle housing58. In one embodiment (SeeFIG. 5K), the advancing structure is in the form of apusher assembly116. Thepusher116 can assume a generally cylindrical tube formed form a metallic or polymeric material which is sized and shaped to directly engage thefirst anchoring component82. Moreover, thepusher116 could define a solid elongate member of polygonal or circular cross-section. Also, it can be configured to directly engage theconnector94 directly or other structure formed on the connector94 (See FIGS.3G-I). In another aspect, the pusher can be sized to surround thefirst anchor member82 and to engage a tail (See FIGS.4G-I) for example, of the anchor member once the pusher is pulled proximally with respect to the anchor member. When thepusher116 initially surrounds the anchor member (or other structure formed directly on the connector94), the tail is held in compression, only to be released to extend laterally from the connector when the pusher is moved proximally. In this way, thepusher assembly116 can both be withdrawn when desired and advance theanchor member82 andconnector structure94 when necessary. In another approach, the tail can be held in compression by the internal surface of the needle (not shown).
• As shown inFIG. 5H, the complete withdrawal of thepusher116 andneedle assembly112 exposes the full length of connector anchoring structure for use in ultimately manipulating anatomical structures. Such complete withdrawal involves both thepusher116 and needle assembly to be housed completely within theneedle housing58.
• Alternative approaches for advancing anchor components within theanchor delivery device20 are contemplated. That is, rather than having a pusher assembly which surrounds an anchoring component and relies upon engagement with a tail structure of an anchoring component or other structure projecting from the connector member, other structure can be employed to provide the ability to push and pull an anchor component. In one such approach (See FIGS.6A-C), the delivery device can be equipped with apusher member116 in combination with apull wire118. Thepusher member116 in this approach remains proximal ananchor member82 to be advanced along the delivery device.Such anchor members82 can be placed in a position distal the pusher, for example, by being released from a cartridge configured distal to the pusher position or the delivery device can be a single use apparatus.
• Theanchor member82, in turn, can include a proximal portion characterized by a pair of elastically or plasticallydeformable arms120 which in a first configuration are held to thepull wire118 and in a second configuration, are released from thepull wire118. Accordingly, thepusher member116 is advanced with respect to thepull wires118 to cause thearms120 to become disengaged from the pull wire. In the embodiment shown inFIGS. 6A and B, thearms120 are plastically deformable whereas thearms120 of theanchor member82 ofFIG. 6C are elastically deformable. The elasticallydeformable arms120 can be formed from resilient material such as nitinol. The plasticallydeformable arms120 on the other hand can be made from less resilient material.
• Further alternative embodiments ofpusher members116 are shown in FIGS.6D-G.A pusher member118 having a D-shaped cross-sectional profile is contemplated for certain uses. Such a profile enables thepusher member116 to be placed along side theanchor component82 andconnector94 assembly, a distal portion of the D-shaped configuration engaging complementary structure on the connector assembly.
• Also contemplated is apusher assembly116 which includes aside opening122 in communication with a lumen extending through the pusher116 (SeeFIG. 6E). Threaded through theside opening122 is a distal portion of theanchor component82 andconnector94 assembly. In this arrangement, thedistal-most anchor component82 is placed against the terminal end of thepusher member116 to accomplish advancement of theanchor component82 andconnector116 assembly as thepusher116 is extended distally.
• In yet another approach, as shown inFIGS. 6F and G, thepusher member116 includes aterminal end123 configured with a D-shaped profile suited to engage and advance an anchor/connector assembly94. A proximal section of thepusher116 is equipped with a plurality of spaced detents orcavities124 sized and shaped to receiveanchor components82 or other structure formed on theconnector94. In this approach also, thepusher member116 is configured to reside longitudinally adjacent the anchor/connector assembly82,94. Advancement of the anchor/connector assembly82,94 is accomplished through an engagement between certain of the anchor/connector assemblies82,94 and thecavities124.
• Various measures can be taken to ensure proper loading of afirst anchor member82 within an anchor delivery device. In a first step, theanchor member82 is loaded within an anchor protection cover126 (FIG. 7A). Apusher member116 is configured proximal to theconnector94 of thefirst anchor member82 to accomplish advancement of thefirst anchor member82 into and through the needle assembly112 (SeeFIGS. 7B and C). This subassembly is insertable within adelivery device bay128. Adistal portion130 of an interior of the delivery device bay is equipped with a conical taper configured to receive a distal complementary portion of theanchor protection cover126 thereby accomplishing the centering of anchor member within thedelivery bay128. An internal lumen extends the length of theprotection cover126 and thecover126 includes aring seal132 placed within a proximal end thereof. Thering seal132 functions to hold thecover126 on apusher member116.
• Thedelivery device bay128 can further include abayonet lock mount134 that couples a spring loadedcartridge136 to thedelivery device bay128. Housed within the cartridge is acompression spring138 configured about thepusher member116. Thespring cartridge138 can also include a lock-outstructure140 which operates to limit the tension placed on theanchor member82 andconnector94 until theneedle112 is withdrawn sufficiently from the interventional site to avoid damage from theneedle112 inadvertently engaging the anchor/connector assembly82,94. That is, thepusher116 includes a proximal end configured with ananchor deployment tab142 that engages the lock-outstructure140, prohibiting thecompression spring138 from applying tension to the anchor/connector assembly82,94 before theneedle assembly112 is clear of the interventional site.
• In another contemplated variation (FIG. 7D), the anchor delivery device can be fashioned with a multi-shooter anchor cartridge assembly144. One feature of this approach is the involvement of a manifold146 including four entries which feed into a lumen extending into aneedle assembly112, each entry configured to receive one anchor/connector assembly82,94. Proximal sections of theconnector94 are configured intospools148 which are driven by a torsionalspring drive shaft150. Thedrive shaft150 is in turn, configured withcomplementary teeth structures154 formed on each spool. The assembly further includes structure (not shown) adapted to cause lateral movement in thedriveshaft150 so that itsteeth152 indexes from spool tospool148 to thereby turn thespools148 and advance theanchor members82 within theneedle assembly112. Once theanchors82 are advanced through theneedle112, the torsion spring retractsexcess connector94 length and clears theneedle112 for thenext anchor member82.
• It is further contemplated that in certain embodiments, the anchor delivery device can include the ability to detect forces being applied thereby or other environmental conditions. Although various sections of the device can include such devices, in the depicted structure ofFIG. 7E,sensors156 can be placed along theneedle assembly112. In this way, an operator can detect for example, whether the needle has breached the target anatomical structure at the interventional site and the extent to which such breaching has occurred. Other sensors which can detect particular environmental features can also be employed such as blood or other chemical or constituent sensors. Moreover, one or more pressure sensors or sensors providing feedback on the state of deployment of the anchor assembly during delivery or after implantation are contemplated. For example, tension or depth feedback can be monitored by these sensors. Further, such sensors can be incorporated into the anchor assembly itself, other structure of the deployment device or in the anatomy.
• In a next stage of anchor deployment, with reference to FIGS.8A-E, after thefirst actuator36 is completely released thereby effecting the complete withdrawal of both theneedle assembly112 andpusher member116, thesecond actuator36 is pulled proximally to initiate the assembly of the second orproximal anchor member52,98 (SeeFIG. 8A). Note that inFIGS. 8C, D and E, member113 is shown in its advanced or forward position within slot115, wherein member119 is shown with its terminal end truncated. With reference toFIG. 8B, which depicts internal components of the integrated anchor assembly associated with the second actuator (other structure being removed for better understanding), as thesecond actuator36 is depressed, it engages alever assembly120 including a slottedportion122 to drive arack assembly124 distally. The slottedportion122 of thelever assembly120 provides the lever with the ability to both rotate with respect to amount126 of therack assembly124 as well as advance themount126 as well as the rest of therack assembly124 distally.Various pawls130 are provided to releasably lock therack assembly124 in desired stages of advancement. It is to be recognized, however, that various other approaches to manually locking or unlocking structure for advancing components of the second anchor assembly are contemplated. In the depicted embodiment, therack assembly124, is in turn, connected to a telescoping pusher member which is configured to engage a second part of the second or proximal anchor assembly.
• As shown in FIGS.8C-E, depressing thesecond actuator38 causes a pusher157 to advance asecond part98 of the second or proximal anchor member to be advanced towards and into locking engagement with thefirst part52 of the second anchor member. As thesecond part98 is advanced, it captures theconnector structure94 and retains it in a locking engagement between the first52 and second98 parts.
• It is at this stage that theconnector94 is severed to thereby accomplish the formation of the complete anchoring assembly (SeeFIG. 3E). In one embodiment, the severing can be effected by the advancement of the telescoping pusher member via the depression of thesecond actuator38. Alternatively, the severing action is operatively associated with the actuation of thethird actuator40. Thereafter, thesecond actuator38 is released, automatically or manually, to permit the re-staging of both the first52 and second98 parts of the second anchoring member. That is, in one contemplated approach, members113 and119 are withdrawn to allow the release and deployment of thesecond anchoring member52,98 and then advanced again after the desired staging ofcomponent52.
• The present invention also contemplates a myriad of alternative embodiments of the proximal or second anchoring member. In a majority in the next presented descriptions regarding these embodiments, the second anchoring member is comprised of afirst part52 which is placed into a locking engagement with asecond part98. In doing so, the first52 andsecond parts98 are affixed to theconnector94. It is to be recognized that the first and second parts can be formed of any conventional materials such as metals or polymeric materials.
• With reference to FIGS.9A-C, the second anchoring member includes a generally tubularfirst part52 including a slightly flared mouth configured to receive both a portion of theconnector94 and asecond part98. In this embodiment, the second part includes a pair of spacedarms158 which capture the connector and facilitates advancing the connector within the mouth of the first part. It is contemplated that thearms158 are spaced to an extent greater than an interior of the tubularfirst part52 so that in combination with the area occupied by theconnector94, a locking engagement between the first and second parts is accomplished upon the full insertion of thesecond part98 within thefirst part52. Thereafter,excess connector94 length can be cut away to form a complete second anchoring assembly.
• In a slightly modified approach (FIGS. 9D-9F), thesecond part98 includes a spike-liketerminal end portion160 which can be configured to engage theconnector94 and insert it within an interior of a tubularfirst part52. The spike-liketerminal end portion160 defines a tapered structure, a section with an enlarging dimension of which is sized and shaped to lockingly engage with the interior of thefirst part52. The completed assembly is characterized by a portion of theconnector94 retained between the first52 andsecond parts98.
• The approach depicted inFIGS. 9G and H is slightly different. Theconnector94 is arranged to be threaded through a pair of oppositely arrangedapertures162 formed in a generally tubularfirst part52. Thefirst part52 further includes a mouth equipped with a plurality of proximally oriented, radially spacedarms164. Thesecond part98 also defines a generally tubular structure, one having a section with a smaller outer profile than an interior of thefirst part52. Thesecond part98 further includes a pair of distally orientedprojections166 as well as a back end equipped with a gear-like collar168. To accomplish a locking arrangement between the first52 and second98 parts, thesecond part98 is inserted within thefirst part52 so that theprojections166 are configured on opposite sides of the connector. Thecollar168 is then used to rotate thesecond part98 with respect to the first part until theconnector94 defines an S-shaped portion within an interior of the first part. Thesecond part98 is thereafter fully inserted into the first part, the gear-like collar being configured to register between the radially spacedarms164 of thefirst part52 to thereby lock the two parts to each other. Furthermore, it is to be recognized that these structures of the first52 and second98 parts can be reversed in that thefirst part52 can assume the structure of the described second part and vice versa.
• The embodiments depicted inFIGS. 9I and J take a similar approach to that shown inFIGS. 9G and H. That is, each take advantage of a locking engagement resulting from the rotation of one part of the second anchoring member with respect to the other. Again, each of these embodiments include afirst part52 with pair ofapertures162 through which aconnector94 is threaded. The assembly depicted inFIG. 9I includes afirst part52 configured withinternal threads168 which are complementary toexternal threads170 formed on asecond part98. Thus, as thesecond part98 is placed within thefirst part52, it is rotated, the complementary threaded portions forming the locking engagement between the two parts. The assembly ofFIG. 9J takes advantage of asecond part98 includingarms166 which are bent radially outwardly and the bent portion being sized to facilitate a locking arrangement with an interior of thefirst part52. This particular approach is also characterized by the first52 and second98 parts having rounded terminal ends which provide an atraumatic surface which can be desirable in certain situations. Again, the structures of the first and second parts can be reversed if desired as can those of the following approaches.
• As shown inFIG. 9K, another approach involves afirst part52 including a pair of proximally orientedprojections172 which can be formed by splitting longitudinally the mouth to the generally tubularfirst part52. Theconnector94 is captured between the distally oriented spacedprojections166 of thesecond part98 and the proximally orientedprojections172 of thefirst part52 as thesecond part98 is inserted within thefirst part52.
• In yet another approach (FIG. 9L), thesecond part98 is pre-loaded with alock ring174, which is oriented about thesecond part98 at a proximal end portion thereof. As thesecond part98 is advanced over a connector and into engagement with a first part, its spacedarms166 enter an interior of the first part. Once thesecond part98 is seated within the first part, thelock ring174 is then advanced over thesecond part98 to accomplish a locking arrangement.
• Thefirst part52 can also define a generally tubular member having an oval cross-sectional profile. Such a structure is depicted inFIGS. 9M and N. Further, one of the oppositely orientedapertures162 formed in thefirst part52 can further include a slotted-portion172 sized to receive a portion of a connector after thefirst part52 is placed in a locking arrangement with thesecond part98. Thefirst part52 further includes a pair ofopenings178 configured on opposite lateral sides of the device. In these embodiments, thesecond part98 defines a relatively flat member, the distally orientedarms166 of which includeprojections180 having a ramped portion. Although different structure is employed, both embodiments of thesecond part98 further include a second pair ofprojections182 formed at proximal end portions of the respective devices. As thesecond parts98 of these approaches is advanced within thefirst part52, thefirst projections180 act to compress the arms together then are advanced past thelateral apertures178 of thefirst part52 and are configured beyond a distal end (not shown) of thefirst part52. Once thesecond part98 is fully inserted in thefirst part52, the second pair ofprojections182 register within thelateral openings178 formed in thefirst part52, thus forming a locking engagement.
• Thefirst part52 can also be formed form a member having a deformable, enlarged mid-section184 (SeeFIGS. 9O and P). In one approach, theenlarged mid-section184 can be formed by longitudinally cutting a portion of thefirst part52 and separating the material forming this portion to define theopening162 which is as before, intended to receive a portion of the connector. As thesecond part98 in the form of a generally tubular sleeve is advanced over thefirst part52, the mid-section184 is compressed, such compression effecting a locking engagement between the first and second parts.
• The second part98 (SeeFIGS. 9Q and R) can also include laterally spacedtabs180 which slide within an interior of a generally tubularfirst part52. The spacedareas166 capture a portion of theconnector94. Once thesecond part98 is fully inserted within thefirst part52, the laterally spaced tabs lock in place outside a proximal end of thefirst part52. In the process, the portion of theconnector94 captured by thearms166 is compressed and held in place between the first52 andsecond parts98.
• Turning now to FIGS.9S-U, further approaches to accomplishing a locking arrangement between first52 and second98 parts are presented. The embodiment ofFIG. 9S is characterized by a first part having a generally oval cross-sectional profile and including both the firstlateral apertures178 as well as a pair of oppositely oriented, secondlateral apertures186. The second part is a generally flat member characterized by a proximal end configured with a stop in the form of a T-bar184. As thesecond part98 is advanced within the first part52 (not shown), thetabs180 formed on the second part first register within the firstlateral openings178. Thereafter, the second part is further inserted within thefirst part52 to capture the connector which is threaded through theapertures162 formed in thefirst part52. Yet further advancement of thesecond part98 configure thedetents180 within the secondlateral openings186 of thefirst part52. Theproximal stop188 is at this time placed in apposition with a proximal end of the first part.
• In a similar approach (See FIGS.9T-U), the generally flatsecond part98 includes both the first180 and second182 tab structures. As thesecond part98 is advanced within thefirst part52, thefirst tabs180 initially register withinlateral openings178 of thefirst part52, which can act as a staging for subsequent advancement and capture of a connector. Upon such subsequent advancement, thefirst tabs180 are held within an interior of thefirst part52 and thesecond tabs182 register within thelateral openings178 of thefirst part52.
• As shown inFIGS. 9V and W, thefirst part52 can also assume a pin-like structure with spacedarms190. Thesecond part98 can define a generally tubular structure including distally orientedarms166. Insertion of thefirst part52 within thesecond part98 causes the spacedarms190 of thefirst part52 to compress about a portion of a connector to form a locking arrangement. It is to be recognized that this approach to a locking arrangement can be modified in principle, in that, as stated above, the structures of the first52 and second98 parts can be reversed.
• Moreover, thesecond part98 can assume a generally tubular structure including a cutting projection192 (SeeFIG. 9X) arranged to engage aconnector94 upon insertion of thefirst part52 within thesecond part98. In this way, further action beyond placing the first52 and second98 parts into locking engagement, is not required to sever theconnector94. Again, it is to be recognized that the structures of the first52 and second98 parts can be reversed to also take advantage of this approach.
• In a number of related approaches (See FIGS.9Y-9AH), the second anchoring component can be formed of a singleintegral locking member194. Certain of thesemembers194 are intended to be formed of plastically deformable material so that it can first assume a generally open configuration and then be deformed to define a closed position in a locking arrangement about a connector member. Alternatively, thesemembers194 can be formed of resilient material and be first held open and then allowed to self-collapse about a connector. In one such locking member (FIG. 9Y), theintegral member194 is generally V-shaped and includes a pair of divergingarms198 which can be arranged into locking contact with aconnector194. Another locking member194 (FIG. 9Z) is characterized by a clam shell profile, an interior of thearms196 of which is suited to lock with a portion of aconnector94. The lockingmember194 ofFIG. 9AA is also generally V-shaped and further includes a pair of divergingarms196, one of which includesbosses198 designed to mate withrecesses200. A center section of onearm196 is bent to provide space to receive a connector.
• In FIGS.9AB-AC, there is shown a plasticallydeformable locking member194 that is configured with acollapsible aperture202. In an undeformed configuration, theaperture202 is formed by walls defining a generally hour glass shape. Applying a longitudinal compression force to the lockingmember194 causes theaperture202 to collapse about and lock with a portion of aconnector94, the walls deforming inwardly and engaging theconnector94.
• The lockingmember194 can also be embodied in a device including a mid-section characterized by helically arranged members204 (See FIGS.9AD-AE). Theopening202 defined by thehelical member204 is sized to receive a connector member. This device can either be formed of plastically or elastically deformable materials such that collapsing theopening202 about a connector can be accomplished through the application of a force to the lockingmember194 or by removing a compression force from the member.
• In still yet other approaches (FIGS.9AF-9AH), the lockingmember194 can be embodied in a member including divergingarms196 projecting from acylindrical base204. One arm includes a boss or raisedportion198 sized to fit within arecess200. A mid-section of the device further includes a generallycircular space206 defined by semi-circular cutouts formed in the opposingarms196. This space is sized to lockingly engage a connector when thearms196 are in a closed configuration. The lockingmember194 of FIGS.9AG-AH also includes thiscircular space206 defined by semi-circular cutouts formed in the diverging opposingarms196 as well as the lockingprojections198. However, rather than thecylindrical base204 of the embodiment ofFIG. 9AF, thearms196 and the lockingmember194 extend proximally beyond thecircular space206. This portion of thearms196 also include acomplementary projection198 andrecess200 arrangement.
• In a related approach (SeeFIG. 9AI), the lockingmember194 can be deformed about aconnector94 employing ananvil210. Such an anvil custom designed for the various approaches can be employed to deform the previous disclosed embodiments of other members. As the lockingmember194 is advanced within the anvil, angled surfaces within an interior of the anvil operate to close thearms196 of the lockingmember194.Narrowed portions212 of the locking member facilitate such closing of the arms about a portion of theconnector94. Once the arms are inserted into aninterior cavity214 of theanvil210, acutting blade216 severs theconnector94 to length as desired.
• Turning now to FIGS.9AJ-K, further embodiments of a second anchoring member including afirst part52 and asecond part98 are presented.
• In these approaches, thesecond part98 includesarms196 which are biased to an open configuration. Using ananvil210 housing afirst part52 in theinterior cavity214, thesecond part98 is caused to be inserted and held within thefirst part52. In a first embodiment (FIG. 9AJ), thearms196 of thesecond part98 are relatively long compared to those of a second embodiment (FIG. 9AK). In both approaches, however, a generally tubularfirst part52 retains thearms196 in a closed position in locking engagement about theconnector94.
• Returning to the concept of a second anchoring member defining a locking member194 (See FIGS.9AL-AM), in still yet another approach the capturing of the connector can be accomplished using a clip-like structure. A pair ofarms196 begin at a proximal end of the device in a spaced arrangement. As the arms extend distally, they cross atmid-point218 beyond which a distal portion of the arms are adjacently arranged in apposition. One or botharms196 can include a recess providing a space to allow thearms196 to cross at the mid-point218. Applying a force to the proximal, spaced portion of thearms196 causes the distal portion of thearms196 to open. When opened, thearms196 can be configured to receive a connector. A closing force between the distal portion of thearms196 of the lockingmember194 accomplish locking the structure on a connector.
• Thefirst part52 of the second anchoring member can also be configured from a flat sheet of material into which a pattern is cut to form various slots and tabs (See FIGS.9AN-AO). Thesefirst parts52 can be formed of material which is capable of self-forming from the flat configuration into a generally tubular configuration when unconstrained. For example, material such as nitinol which has memory properties can be used to form such structure. A first contemplated flat pattern (SeeFIG. 9AN) includes a central fivesided aperture222 on either side of which are configuredslots224 cut in from lateral side edges of the structure. In a second pattern (FIG. 9AO), thelateral slots222 are replaced with cutouts which definetabs226.
• Irrespective of the specific form of the anchoring assembly, a next step in the context of prostate treatment involves positioning theproximal anchor assembly52, for example, within a desired section of the urethra (UT) of the patient (SeeFIG. 10A). Prior to doing so, the patient can be monitored to determine whether there has been any evidence of improvement through the placement of the anchor. One such symptom is whether there has been any urination. After so checking, theproximal anchor assembly52 can be implanted. The patient is the again checked for evidence of improvement (i.e., flow improvement, visual appearance, opening of the urethra, urination, etc.). Next, theconnector94 is severed and the integrated anchor delivery device is withdrawn (SeeFIG. 10B) and ultimately removed from the patient's body.
• Accordingly, the present invention contemplates both pushing directly on anchor portions of an anchoring assembly as well as pushing directly upon the connector of the anchor assembly. Moreover, as presented above, the distal or first anchoring component is advanced and deployed through a needle assembly and at least one component of the proximal or second anchoring component is advanced and deployed through a generally tubular portion of the anchor deployment device. Further, both a single anchor assembly or multiple anchor assemblies can be delivered and deployed at an intervention site by the deployment device. Consequently, in the context of prostate treatment, the present invention accomplishes the compression of both the urethra and prostate gland, the delivering of an implant at the interventional site, applying tension between ends of the implant, and the invagination of the implant within natural tissue. Moreover, drug delivery is both contemplated and described as a further remedy in BPH in treatment.
• An alternate embodiment of a distal portion of an anchor delivery device is shown in FIGS.11A-C.FIG. 11A depicts the device in a stage of operation where theneedle assembly112 has been extended through theneedle housing60 and configured to project laterally from adistal end portion48 of the device and is in the process of being withdrawn over theconnector94 andfirst anchor member82 assembly.FIG. 11B shows the position of thepusher assembly116 once the needle assembly has been fully retracted within theneedle housing58. Aretractable cover228 shown in its advanced position includes aside aperture230 through which theneedle112 andpusher116 assemblies can be advanced to thereby place theconnector94 in a position for engagement by first and second98 parts of the second anchoring member. To effect longitudinal movement of thecover228, a slidingarm232 is provided and placed into engagement with the cover. The slidingarm232, in turn, is operatively associated with an actuator (not shown) pivotably attached to a device handle. In a further step of use (SeeFIG. 11C), theconnector94 is severed and equipped at its proximal end with one embodiment of a second anchoring member assembly.
• In one particular approach (See FIGS.12A-B), the delivery device can be equipped with analignment tube234 including inwardly directedtabs236 sized and shaped to be received into complementary recesses formed insecond parts98 of a second or proximal anchoring assembly.Such tabs230 not only provide structure for advancing thesecond parts98 but it also ensures proper rotational alignment of thesecond part98 as they are advanced to receive a portion of the connector and to lockingly engage with a first part of the second anchoring assembly.
• With reference to FIGS.13A-C, anintegrated anchor240 including a plurality ofanchors82 attached to each other by aconnector94 can also be used to manipulate anatomical structures. In this approach, aneedle assembly112 is utilized in a sewing motion to place various portions of theintegrated anchor240 on opposite sides of anatomical structures to accomplish the desired manipulation at an interventional site.
• Theintegrated anchor240 can also be cut from a pattern (FIG. 13F) to form a device which can assume a generally straight tubular configuration (FIG. 13D) for delivery to an interventional site. Once at the site, the device can be permitted to deform a generally H-shape (FIG. 13E), afirst portion252 being placed in apposition with a first anatomical structure and asecond portion254 configured against a second anatomical structure. A mid-section of the device can include a spring-like structure256 which is particularly suited for applying a tension to the first252 and second254 portions.
• It is to be recognized that various materials are contemplated for manufacturing the disclosed devices. Moreover, one or more components such as distal anchor, proximal anchor, connector, of the one or more anchoring devices disclosed herein may be designed to be completely or partially biodegradable or biofragmentable.
• Moreover, as stated, the devices and methods disclosed herein may be used to treat a variety of pathologies in a variety of tubular organs or organs comprising a cavity or a wall. Examples of such organs include, but are not limited to urethra, bowel, stomach, esophagus, trachea, bronchii, bronchial passageways, veins (e.g. for treating varicose veins or valvular insufficiency), arteries, lymphatic vessels, ureters, bladder, cardiac atria or ventricles, uterus, fallopian tubes, etc.
• Finally, it is to be appreciated that the invention has been described hereabove with reference to certain examples or embodiments of the invention but that various additions, deletions, alterations and modifications may be made to those examples and embodiments without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the invention. For example, any element or attribute of one embodiment or example may be incorporated into or used with another embodiment or example, unless to do so would render the embodiment or example unpatentable or unsuitable for its intended use. Also, for example, where the steps of a method are described or listed in a particular order, the order of such steps may be changed unless to do so would render the method unpatentable or unsuitable for its intended use. All reasonable additions, deletions, modifications and alterations are to be considered equivalents of the described examples and embodiments and are to be included within the scope of the following claims.
• Thus, it will be apparent from the foregoing that, while particular forms of the invention have been illustrated and described, various modifications can be made without parting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (19)

1-34. (canceled)

35. An anchor assembly for use in tissue retention, comprising:

a first portion, the first portion including a cylindrical end portion, a semi-cylindrical end portion, and a midpoint;

a second portion including a first end and a second end, the first end connected to the midpoint of the first portion, the second portion defining a spring member; and

a third portion connected to the second end of the second portion.

36. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, wherein the third portion defines a cylinder.

37. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, wherein the second portion defines a semi-cylinder.

38. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, wherein the second portion defines a bar arm.

39. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, wherein the second portion biases the first portion to assume an angled configuration with respect to the third portion.

40. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, wherein the third portion defines a collar.

41. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, wherein the anchor assembly has a first generally straight configuration and a second configuration defining a generally T-shape.

42. The anchor assembly ofclaim 41, wherein the anchor assembly is biased to the T-shape.

43. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, further comprising a connector, wherein the first portion, second portion and third portion are configured about or adjacent the connector.

44. The anchor assembly ofclaim 43, wherein the first, second and third portions define a body, further comprising a plurality of bodies attached to the connector.

45. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, further comprising a connector and a plurality of engaging structure attached to the connector, wherein the first portion, second portion and third portion are configured about the anchor assembly or adjacent the connector.

46. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, wherein the third portion defines an extension.

47. The anchor assembly ofclaim 46, wherein the extension is biased away from the connector.

48. The anchor assembly ofclaim 46, wherein the extension is folded adjacent the connector.

49. The anchor assembly ofclaim 46, wherein the extension defines a beaver tail structure.

50. The anchor assembly ofclaim 35, further comprising a diagnostic or therapeutic substance formed on a portion of the anchor assembly.

51. The anchor assembly ofclaim 50, wherein the substance is a bacteriostatic coating.

52-73. (canceled)

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