US20070262162A1

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: US20070262162A1
Application number: US11/619,535
Authority: US
Inventors: John Karamanos
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-01-03
Filing date: 2007-01-03
Publication date: 2007-11-15
Also published as: WO2007079434A3; WO2007079434A2

Abstract

HVAC devices, systems, and methods include dampers for controlling the flow of air or other gasses through an HVAC duct, often while inhibiting turbulence within the duct or pressure loss within the duct. Embodiments of such dampers may employ a two-part damper arrangement. In many embodiments, flow will travel through the middle of the damper uniformly and with a laminar flow. One or more small, relatively unobtrusive sensor (optionally being wireless) can be included for controlling operation of the damper, the sensor(s) optionally measuring the distance between damper elements, sound, air flow, or the like, with such sensor(s)/damper combination inhibiting inadvertent pressure drop and turbulence in flows through the damper. The damper elements may optionally comprise airfoil cross-sections, with alternative dampers having a resilient helical configuration that can choke down flow by inducing a vortex in the flow, allowing static pressure regain to occur within the duct system.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems and apparatuses for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (“HVAC”) systems and, more particularly to limited loss and/or laminar flow dampers for such systems.

In general, HVAC systems control the temperature and humidity of indoor air. In most HVAC systems, air is drawn in, filtered, cooled and dehumidified or heated and humidified, and then delivered to an air conditioned space. The greatest portion of incoming air is drawn from the air conditioned space for recirculation through the HVAC system. HVAC system includes fans and ductwork for moving conditioned air to where it is needed while passing it through cooling and/or a heating sections of the ductwork.

One risk which must be addressed in designing and operating HVAC systems is that of biological contamination by bacteria, molds, and viruses. In recent years, biological problems in indoor environments have received considerable attention. Most frequently, molds, bacteria and/or virus grow wherever water collects in a HVAC systems ductwork, such as at its cooling sections.

Poor indoor air quality (“IAQ”) and the spread of infectious disease through a HVAC system, at a minimum, can reduce worker productivity and increase absenteeism. Even more alarming is the potential liability for illnesses suffered by workers due to poor IAQ. The Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Philadelphia in 1976, is probably the most publicized instance of illness caused by poor IAQ. Even if contamination by molds and bacteria doesn't affect workers, their growth within HVAC system equipment creates maintenance problems which are very costly to correct. Left uncorrected, these problems exacerbate and, at a minimum, eventually reduce system's heat transfer efficiency.

HVAC systems in residential, commercial, education and research buildings usually include metallic pipes, hollow composite materials such as tubes, and the like. The systems are typically supported from and between floor or ceiling joists. The HVAC system typically includes a primary or main duct. A series of smaller branch ducts which extend from the main duct are mounted between adjacent floor or ceiling joists. Such main and branch ducts are normally supported by metal hangers located between the joists. Often the branch ducts include pipes and conduit lines for transporting liquid or gas which are suspended from ceiling joists or an adjacent wall typically with Unistrut®, threaded rod, couplings, and various hanger brackets.

Piping and conduits that supply gas and/or liquids within buildings require careful preparation. Builders or contractors typically use ladders or scaffolding to reach areas where piping is routed so installation may be cumbersome. Occasionally the pipe or conduits are prepared on the ground and installed by ladder as more complete assemblies. Pipe and conduit assemblies prepared on the ground or a floor of a building under construction are more unwieldy than the unassembled components, but pre-assembly is often more practical. Furthermore, conditions existing at construction sites and the number of differing types of components used in assembling a HVAC system render cataloging those components impractical if not impossible.

Generically, a terminal unit, also sometimes referred to as an air handling unit, is a HVAC system component that is located near an air conditioned space that regulates the temperature and/or volume of air supplied to the space. When providing air to a more critical environment such as a laboratory, an almost identical ductwork section is frequently referred to as a lab valve damper rather than as a terminal unit. One difference between a terminal unit and a lab valve damper is the precision with which the unit controls the temperature and humidity of conditioned air. As used throughout this document, the phrase terminal unit may identify either a terminal unit or a lab valve damper.

A HVAC system may be assembled using any one of several different types of terminal units. Generally, the mechanical portion of a terminal unit includes a casing through which air flows during operation of a HVAC system. Accordingly, a casing includes an inlet for receiving air from ductwork of a HVAC system, and an outlet for supplying air to a space in a building. Casings are usually fabricated from 22 gauge galvanized sheet steel. Due to the use of such light material, casings are easily damaged during shipping to a building site and during installation into the HVAC system. Those familiar with such damage to terminal unit casings frequently refer to it as “oil canning” because it resembles how a light gauge oil can collapses as the liquid flows out.

In a typical hydronic (all-water) HVAC system, the mechanical portion of a terminal unit includes a heat exchanging coil. Heated and/or cooled water is pumped from a central plant through pipes to the coil. Air from the HVAC system's ductwork passes through the coil after entering and before leaving the casing. Usually, a single terminal unit is dedicated for heating and/or cooling each air conditioned space. Air from the duct connected to the terminal unit passes through the coil to be heated and/or cooled by water flowing through the coil before the air enters the air conditioned space.

A Variable Air Volume (“VAV”) HVAC system, in response to a control signal from a thermostat or room sensor, supplies only that volume of hot and/or cold air to an air conditioned space needed to satisfy the space's thermal load. A VAV HVAC system meets changing cooling and/or heating requirements by adjusting the amount, rather than the temperature, of air that flows to a space. For most buildings, a VAV HVAC system yields the best combination of comfort, first cost, and life cycle cost.

A VAV terminal unit is a relatively complex assembly which includes sheet metal, plumbing, electrical and pneumatic components. For example, a VAV terminal unit includes an airflow sensor that senses the velocity of air entering the terminal unit. To adjust the volume of cold air, a VAV terminal unit frequently includes a damper which automatically opens and closes as needed.

As a space's thermal load decreases, the damper starts closing thereby reducing the amount of heated or cooled air supplied to the space. Alternatively, the volume of air entering a space may be controlled by varying the speed of a fan included in the terminal unit. For either type of VAV terminal unit, VAV HVAC systems save energy consumed by fans in comparison with alternative HVAC systems by continually adjusting airflow to the heating and/or cooling required.

To be operable and fully-functional, terminal units for a hydronic HVAC system often include a coil, ductwork for supplying air to the coil and receiving air from the coil, plumbing for supplying water into and receiving water from the coil, and a control valve for regulating the amount of water flowing through the coil.

To match the flow of air through the terminal unit's ductwork to the profile of the coil, the terminal unit's ductwork may include transition sections both for air entering the coil and for air leaving the coil. In addition, a terminal unit may also include a re-heat coil, and/or a sound attenuator. In a terminal unit adapted for use in a VAV HVAC system, the terminal unit's ductwork may also include a damper and a damper actuator or variable speed fan for controlling the volume of air supplied by the terminal unit, and an airflow sensor for sensing the volume of air passing through the terminal unit.

Usually, all of the various parts needed to assemble a fully-functional VAV HVAC system's terminal unit arrive at building construction sites as separate components. Generally, these components are then assembled into a fully functional terminal unit at the construction site. Due to cluttered working conditions usually existing at a construction site where workers skilled in different crafts, e.g. plumbing, electrical, structural, etc., must concurrently collaborate to complete the building project, assembling the various components into a fully functional terminal unit may occupy the better part of a day. Furthermore, present practices and equipment are poorly adapted for swiftly constructing a high quality HVAC system that is easily commissioned.

For example, because it is less expensive to wire a HVAC system's terminal units with 24 volt low voltage electrical power rather than 220 or 110 volt power, presently sections of buildings include transformer trees which an electrician generally assembles by installing multiple step down transformers on an electrical panel. This technique permits wiring 220 or 110 volt electrical power to the transformer tree on each panel, with the 24 volt low voltage electrical power then being wired individually from a transformer on the panel over distances of five (5) to one hundred (100) feet to a terminal units for energizing its Direct Digital Control (“DDC”) controller, and 2 way or 3 way automatic temperature control (“ATC”) control valve.

Usually, terminal units are supported from a building using angle brackets, straps, or thread rod. Usually these support devices are attached directly to the terminal unit. Terminal unit casings are usually made using 22 gauge sheet metal. Due to the use of this light material, casings are easily dented or bent during installation.

With current construction site labor costing up to $80.00/hour, assembling a terminal unit at a construction site may cost $500.00 to $1,000.00 for labor alone. Furthermore, terminal units assembled at a construction site generally differ from one another due to assembly by different craftsmen, and insufficient use of identical components in assembling each terminal unit. Due to conditions existing at construction sites and the number of differing types of components used in assembling a HVAC system, cataloging the components used in assembling the system is impractical. Lastly, construction sites generally lack any facilities for individually pre-testing building components, such as terminal units, assembled on-site.

After assembling a HVAC system, it must be activated, tested and commissioned to ensure IAQ. Testing a HVAC system only after it is completely assembled inevitably results in many hours of problem-solving and leak-hunting. Usually, there are leaky joints, broken valves, damaged pipes, leaky coils and improperly assembled components that must be tracked down which further increases building costs. After finding a faulty component, it must be identified, ordered and replaced which takes time and delays completion of the building project. Furthermore, years after a building project is complete to maintain IAQ a building manager responsible for the HVAC system's maintenance will surely have to identify and replace broken components.

The preceding considerations arising from construction site assembly of fully functional terminal units slows construction, increase building costs, requires rework when a terminal unit experiences an initial failure, and ultimately makes more difficult and expensive maintaining a building's HVAC system years after those responsible for its assembly are no longer available.

A variety of dampers are used in the HVAC industry. Many of these dampers, when installed in an HVAC system, have an associated air flow monitoring device to sense the pressure drop or otherwise measure the air moving across the damper, and to adjust the position of the damper so as to control airflow therethrough. The sensors are often located in the inlet or outlet of the damper. Unfortunately, many dampers and/or sensors induce turbulence, and in some cases rely on sensing pressures or the like at large numbers of locations distributed across the duct, increasing pressure drops, noise, and energy use.

In light of the above, it would generally be desirable to provide improved HVAC devices, systems, and methods. It would be particularly desirable to provide improved techniques and devices for controlling flow of air and other gasses within the ductwork of an HVAC system.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Improved HVAC devices, systems, and/or methods include dampers for controlling the flow of air or other gasses through an HVAC duct, often while inhibiting turbulence within the duct and/or pressure loss within the duct at least when the damper is in an open flow configuration. By limiting flow turbulence, these embodiments may facilitate relatively simple flow measurement techniques, allowing sufficiently accurate flow measurements without, for example, having to resort to a multi-axis flow sensor. Embodiments of such dampers may employ a two-part damper arrangement. In many embodiments, flow will travel through the middle of the damper uniformly and with a laminar flow. One or more small, relatively unobtrusive sensors (optionally being wireless) can be included for controlling operation of the damper, the sensor(s) optionally measuring the distance between damper elements, sound, air flow, or the like, with such sensor(s)/damper combination inhibiting inadvertent pressure drop and turbulence in flows through the damper. The damper elements may optionally comprise airfoil cross-sections, with alternative dampers having a resilient helical configuration that can choke down flow by inducing a vortex in the flow, allowing static pressure regain to occur within the duct system. Such dampers may have control advantages, enhance energy efficiency, limit noise, and/or provide enhanced performance characteristics.

In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a damper assembly or system for use in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The damper assembly or system includes a casing having an inlet and an outflow with a flow direction extending therebetween, a first damper member movably disposed within the casing, and a second damper member movably disposed within the casing. The damper members each have a cross-sections and are movable between an open flow configuration and a restricted flow configuration such that laminar flow is maintained as the flow is restricted. The assembly may also include a damper assembly controller coupled to the damper members. In some cases, the assembly includes a flow sensor coupled to the damper members. Optionally, the flow sensor may measure pressure at less than 5 locations across the dampers. In some cases, the assembly includes a first sensor coupled with the first damper member. The first sensor can detect an orientation of the first damper member relative to the casing. In some cases, the first sensor is disposed at or near a trailing end of the first damper member. A first sensor may detect an orientation of the first damper member relative to the second damper member. The assembly may also include one or more air stops. In some aspects, the assembly includes a first damper member having a trailing end and a second damper member having a trailing end, and the first damper member trailing end and the second damper member trailing end are configured to be moved toward each other when the assembly is moved toward a restricted flow configuration.

In another aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a damper assembly or system for use in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The damper assembly or system includes a casing having an inlet and an outflow with a flow direction extending therebetween, and a damper member disposed within the casing, the damper member comprising a helical body deformable between an open flow configuration and a restricted flow configuration. The damper in at least one configuration may have a shape suitable for inducing a vortex in a flow within the casing.

In yet another aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of controlling a fluid flow in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The method includes flowing a fluid through a casing inlet toward a casing outlet, flowing the fluid across a plurality of damper members disposed within the casing, restricting an amount of the fluid passing through the casing by actuating a first damper member, and maintaining a laminar flow within the fluid during the actuation of the first damper member. The method may also include sensing an orientation of the first damper member. In some cases, the method includes sensing a pressure within the casing. The step of restricting the amount of fluid passing through the casing may include actuating a second damper member. Relatedly, the method may also include maintaining the laminar flow during actuation of the second damper member. Optionally, the method may include sensing an orientation of the second damper member. For example, the method may include sensing an orientation of the second damper member relative to the first damper member. In some cases, the method includes sensing an orientation of the second damper member relative to the casing. A cross section of the first damper member can include an aerodynamic profile and a cross section of the second damper member can include an aerodynamic profile. In some cases, the method includes sensing a distance between the first damper member and the second damper member.

These and other features, objects and advantages will be understood or apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the various drawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an fully-functional zone-control unit ready for installation in a HVAC system which includes a zone-control unit having a casing from which a pair of handles project for supporting inlet and outlet piping assemblies included in the fully-functional zone-control unit, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a plate that is included in the handles illustrated inFIG. 1 which project from the zone-control unit's casing and support the piping assemblies, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A and B illustrate a zone-control unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 3A and B illustrate a zone-control unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 4A and B illustrate a zone-control unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a zone-control unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a zone-control unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates a zone-control unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 8A-8G illustrate differing HVAC units having standardized components, along with aspects of those components.

FIG. 9 illustrates interfacing of HVAC unit support structures, showing that the support structures can be used to suspend and support the HVAC unit for use in an HVAC system.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a quality control process and method for providing HVAC units and assembling and HVAC system.

FIG. 11 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of a two part damper having two airfoil-shaped dampers to inhibit turbulence.

FIG. 12 schematically illustrates a rear view of the damper ofFIG. 11.

FIGS. 13A-13C schematically illustrate differing alternative actuation mechanisms for dampers similar to those ofFIG. 11.

FIG. 14A-C illustrate an alternative damper configuration having a deformable helical damper body for inducing a vortex in flow through an associated duct.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The perspective view ofFIG. 1 illustrates a fully-functional HVAC terminal unit referred to by thegeneral reference character100. The fully-functional zone-control unit100 depicted inFIG. 1, which illustrates one embodiment of the present invention, preferably includes a mechanicalterminal unit102 having acasing104 visible inFIG. 1. Thecasing104, which can be made from various materials of differing thicknesses, is frequently made from galvanized sheet steel material. Frequently, thecasing104 is lined with a thermal insulation material, not visible inFIG. 1, which may be chosen from various different types such as fiberglass insulation, rigid duct board fiber insulation, polyolefin, closed cell, foam insulation, etc. In some embodiments, insulation contained in zone-control unit100 complies with an industry standard, such as a standard set by the Office of Statewide Health and Planning Department (OSHPOD).

For VAV zone-control units100, the mechanicalterminal unit102 preferably includes a damper assembly, not visible inFIG. 1. The damper assembly is supported for rotation within thecasing104 by a shaft which extends through and beyond thecasing104. The mechanicalterminal unit102 of a zone-control unit100 that includes the damper assembly also includes a DDC controller112 depicted inFIG. 3. The DDC controller112 is coupled to a damper motor, not visible in any of the FIGS., which rotates the damper assembly. The DDC controller112 receives a signal from a thermostat or room sensor and responsive thereto controls operation of the damper assembly to regulate the amount of heating or cooling provided by air leaving the zone-control unit100. The DDC controller112 may be selected from various different types such as pneumatic, analog electronic or direct digital electronic. The mechanicalterminal unit102 also includes an airflow sensor, also not visible inFIG. 1, which is usually located near an air inlet to thecasing104 and may be selected from various types for sensing the velocity of air entering thecasing104.

To heat or cool air flowing through the mechanicalterminal unit102, thecasing104 includes acoil122 that is located near the air inlet thereto, and which adapts the mechanicalterminal unit102 for inclusion in a hydronic HVAC system. Thecasing104 includes both an inlet collar, not visible inFIG. 1, and anoutlet connection124 each of which is adapted to mate with a building's HVAC ductwork. If a zone-control unit100 were to be assembled at a construction site, the mechanicalterminal unit102 would arrive there with the various components listed above mostly assembled, other than the DDC controller112 and the damper motor, by the terminal unit's manufacturer.

The mechanicalterminal unit102 is preferably selected from among various different types and styles sold by Krueger based in Richardson, Tex. Krueger is a division of Air Systems Components (ASC) which is part of the Dayton, Ohio Air System Components Division of Tomkins Industries, Inc. of London, England.

To fashion the mechanicalterminal unit102 into a zone-control unit100 ready for installation into a building's HVAC system, various plumbing components must be added for circulating either hot or cold water through thecoil122. For supplying water to thecoil122 the zone-control unit100 includes aninlet piping assembly202. The pipingassembly202 includes an L-shaped section of pipe204 which connects at one end to a lower header of thecoil122, not visible inFIG. 1. At its other end, the pipe204 ends at aunion208. The other half of theunion208 connects to atailpiece212 which receives both a pressure/temperature (“P/T”) port214 and adrain216. Thedrain216 includes a ball valve integrated ¾″ male garden hose end connection to facilitate draining thecoil122 when maintenance or repairs become necessary. Aball valve222, which includes a strainer, connects to a side of thetailpiece212 away from theunion208 to permit stopping hot or cold water from circulating through thecoil122. An opposite side of thevalve222 from thetailpiece212 receives a length ofpipe224 which adapts the pipingassembly202 for connecting to a building's plumbing.

The zone-control unit100 also includes anoutlet piping assembly232 for receiving water from thecoil122. A short length ofpipe234 which ends in atee236 connects to anheader238 of thecoil122. Amanual air vent242 is connected to and projects upward above thetee236 to facilitate eliminating air from the

piping assemblies

202,232 following first assembling the HVAC system, or reassembly of the zone-control unit100 when maintenance or repairs become necessary. An L-shaped section ofpipe244 is connected to and depends below thetee236. Similar to the pipe204, an end of thepipe244 furthest from thetee236 ends at aunion246. The other half of theunion246 connects to a 2 way or 3 wayATC control valve252. TheATC control valve252 may either be of a type depicted inFIG. 1 that provides only on-off control, or be of a type that provides proportional control, not illustrated in any of the FIGS. An electrical signal supplied to theATC control valve252 from the DDC controller112 via acontrol signal cable114 energize operation of theATC control valve252.

A side of theATC control valve252 furthest from theunion246 connects to aunion254. Connecting theATC control valve252 into the pipingassembly232 on both sides with

unions

246,254 facilitates its replacement when maintenance or repairs become necessary. Atailpiece262, connected to the other side of theunion254 furthest from theATC control valve252, receives both a P/T port264 and amanual air vent266. The P/T ports214 and264 facilitate measuring pressure and/or temperature of water circulating through thecoil122. Thevent266 facilitates eliminating air from the pipingassembly232 following first assembling the HVAC system, or reassembly of the zone-control unit100 when maintenance or repairs become necessary. Amanual balancing valve272 connects to the other side of thetailpiece262 from the furthest from theunion254. An opposite side of thevalve272 from thetailpiece262 receives a length ofpipe274 which, similar to thepipe224, adapts the pipingassembly232 for connecting to a building's plumbing. The

valves

222,216,272 and other plumbing fittings included in the

piping assemblies

202,232 are preferably manufactured by HCI of Madison Heights, Mich. The

valves

222,272 permit isolating from the building's plumbing, when maintenance or repairs become necessary, thecoil122 and those portions of the

piping assemblies

202,232 which connect to the

valves

222,272.

As described thus far, the zone-control unit100 including the

piping assemblies

202,232 are substantially the same as those which a skilled sheet metal worker, controls contractor, electrician, and pipe fitter might collectively assemble at a building site. However, in assembling zone-control units100 in accordance with the present invention for a particular building project or significant portion thereof, all of the lengths of pipe, plumbing fittings, valves, vents, P/T ports, etc. are the same. Consequently, when a repair become necessary a building manager or the manager's personnel responsible for maintaining the HVAC system may confidently order a replacement part knowing that it will surely fit because the plumbing of each zone-control unit100 is not unique. Rather, in accordance with the present invention the plumbing of zone-control units100 is uniform throughout the building or significant portion thereof. Furthermore, because plumbing of zone-control units100 is uniform throughout the building or significant portion thereof, acting either from prudence or caution a building manager may confidently maintain an inventory of plumbing components for the zone-control units100 to have on hand when they need repair thereby significantly reducing downtime while also maintaining IAQ.

In addition to being assembled with uniform plumbing, in accordance with the present invention tags282 are attached to each

valve

252,272 or other component that are likely to eventually require replacement. After the HVAC system has been commissioned, when a failure occurs and is located, the presence of an identifyingtag282 attached to a failed component simplifies its replacement and reduces the time required therefor. Thetags282 are particularly helpful if components from different manufacturers and/or different catalogs have been incorporated into the HVAC system. Thetags282 are preferably engraved plastic, but may also be made from metal, paper, or any other appropriate material. Thetags282 may carry barcodes or plain language, for example, and may be customized to provide information in the manner most useful for a particular project. In accordance with the present invention, performance requirements for each zone-control unit100 such as GPM, CFM, CV and so on are marked thereon in an accessible and well defined location.

Also in accordance with the present invention, each

pipe

224,274 is sealed by a spuncopper cap284 which is five (5) times thicker than the

pipe

224,274, and the assembled

piping assemblies

202,232 include apressure gauge286. Following fabrication and sealing of the

piping assemblies

202,232, they are pressure tested with, for example, a gas such as air. Other gasses or a liquid may be used as appropriate for materials used in the

piping assemblies

202,232. A typical pressure range used in testing assembled

piping assemblies

202,232 andcoil122 is 20-400 psi, and in one embodiment is preferably 140 psi. While pressurized, the

piping assemblies

202,232 and thecoil122 are checked for leaks, e.g. with a soap solution. Any defects in assembly found during pressure testing are repaired and/or defective components replaced. For example, experience in assembling zone-control units100 in accordance with the present invention indicates that about 3 to 7% ofnew coils122 are defective and must be replaced.

When inspection and pressure testing indicates that no leaks appear to exist in the

piping assemblies

202,232 and thecoil122, they are then sealed and re-pressurized to at least 100 psi, preferably 140 psi. After pressurization, the

piping assemblies

202,232 and thecoil122 remain sealed for 24 hours throughout which they must hold the pressurization to confirm that the zone-control unit100 is undergoing installation into a HVAC system. After the

piping assemblies

202,232 and thecoil122 pass this 24 hour quality assurance test, zone-control units100 can be ready for shipping to a construction site. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the

piping assemblies

202,232 andcoil122 of zone-control units100 ready for installation remain pressurized continuously after their 24 hour quality assurance test at a pressure of at least 60 psi until they are about to be installed into a building's HVAC system. In some cases, the shipping pressure can be 40 psi, or any other desired pressure.

Immediately before installing a zone-control unit100 at a construction site, their readiness for installation can be confirmed by checking thepressure gauge286. If thepressure gauge286 fails to indicate a specified pressure, then the zone-control unit100 may need further testing and/or repair, and should not be installed into the HVAC system. Instead an identically assembled zone-control unit100 having apressure gauge286 which indicates the specified pressure may be immediately substituted for a defective one, and the defective zone-control unit100 may either be repaired and re-tested at the construction site, or it may be returned to its vendor for repair.

Identifying and replacing

faulty piping assemblies

202,232 and/orcoil122 in this way prior to installing the zone-control unit100 saves time and money. The present invention can eliminate an inability to test the

piping assemblies

202,232 andcoil122 of each zone-control unit100 assembled at a construction site until the entire HVAC system is completely assembled and ready for commissioning. Off-site assembly and testing of zone-control units100, rather than assembling the components at the construction site, improves quality control by individually assuring that each zone-control unit100 is ready for installation in a HVAC system. In this way the present invention saves time and money that would otherwise be spent tracking down leaks that occur using traditional on-site assembly of zone-control units100. Furthermore, by preventing pinhole leaks in the zone-control unit100, which inevitably result in mold, biochemical hazards, etc., the present invention significantly improves IAQ both initially and throughout the HVAC system's service life.

One problem which arises with assembling zone-control units100 at a location remote from a construction site is that during their transportation to the site and during installation into a building's ductwork zone-control units100 may be manipulated by the

piping assemblies

202,232 and/or thecoil122 of the mechanicalterminal unit102. Such handling of zone-control units100 during installation may damage seals between the components as well as the components themselves. Furthermore, such damage may not be noticed until the HVAC system is pressurized for commissioning or at a later date. At that time, locating a leak or malfunctioning part may be time-consuming, virtually impossible and cost prohibitive. To reduce any possibility that a zone-control unit100 might be damaged while being transported from its assembly, test and qualification location to a construction site and to facilitate handling the zone-control unit100 during its installation into the HVAC system, in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention illustrated inFIG. 1 each zone-control unit100 also includes a pair ofhandles502 that are preferably secured to thecasing104 of the mechanicalterminal unit102 near opposite ends thereof.

Each of thehandles502 includes an L-shapedhandle mounting bracket504 which is rigidly secured to awall132 of the mechanicalterminal unit102 which is nearest to the

piping assemblies

202,232. As depicted inFIG. 1, thehandle mounting brackets504 are secured near opposite ends of thewall132 of the zone-control unit'scasing104. Each of thehandles502, for example illustrated inFIG. 2, is formed by aplate506aof sheet metal. Eachplate506ainclude a plurality ofholes508 through which fasteners pass for securing theplate506ato a portion of thehandle mounting bracket504 that projects outward from thewall132. Thehandle mounting brackets504 and theplates506acan be made from 12 gauge sheet steel. Thehandle mounting brackets504 can be galvanized and theplates506acan be powder coated, and can be made from various materials and gauge sizes.

For use with the zone-control unit100, eachplate506ais also pierced by a rectangularly-shapedhole512, and by a pair of circularly-shapedholes514 illustrated with dashed lines inFIG. 2. Theholes512 are large enough to accept many lifting devices including human hands, forklift, Unistrut, pipe or other lifting device. Eachhole512 has acurved edge518 to prevent hand injuries, and may lack any sharp edges or non-rolled edges. Theholes514 each receive agrommet522 that fits snugly around the

piping assemblies

202,232 where they pass throughplates506a.

Arranged in this way, thehandle mounting brackets504 andplates506aprovide a structure for mechanically coupling the mechanicalterminal unit102 and the

piping assemblies

202,232 together thereby reducing any possibility that the zone-control unit100 might be damaged while being transported from its assembly, test and qualification location to a construction site. Furthermore, thehandles502 protect zone-control units100 during shipping, and facilitate their handling during installation into the HVAC system such as maneuvering zone-control units100 into position in a building's ductwork. During installation, thehandle mounting brackets504 andplates506amaintain positional relation-ships between the mechanicalterminal unit102 including thecoil122 and the

piping assemblies

202,232 because thehandle mounting brackets504 andplates506amechanically bind the entire zone-control unit100 together into a single unit.

DDC controllers include a communication capability that permits a central computer to monitor a building's HVAC system's operating status, and to coordinate operation of the various portions of the system including all of its terminal units. DDC controllers are equipped with Local Area Network (“LAN”) communications capability. To facilitate installing the zone-control unit the electrical components enclosure is optionally equipped with a 100 ft. length of LAN cable connected to the DDC controller Establishing the LAN that interconnects groups of zone-control units may involve the LAN cables of all but one of the zone-control units in the group be connected to another one of the group's zone-control units.

FIG. 2A illustrates a side view of a zone-control unit1000 for use in an HVAC system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, andFIG. 2B illustrates the corresponding end view. Zone-control unit1000 includes a duct orcasing1100, athermal transfer unit1200, aninlet piping assembly1300, anoutlet piping assembly1400, and at least onebracket1500. In some embodiments,bracket1500 can be a powder-coated handle shipping bracket. Inclusion ofbracket1500 can allow zone-control unit1000 to be pre-engineered, sealed, pressure-tested, and shipped to job-site in working condition, free of defects. Zone-control unit1000 may include militaryrubber Nitrile grommets1510 for isolation betweenbracket1500 and

piping assemblies

1300 and1400.Grommets1510 can help secure and protect zone-control unit1000, and can help reduce or eliminate the possibility of galvanic corrosion at the interface betweenbracket1500 and

piping assemblies

1300 and1400.Grommets1510 can be manufactured to withstand heat, and in some cases can withstand a direct flame of 220 degrees F., or higher.Bracket1500 may include openings that are designed to fit the fork of a forklift, a steel pole, or a human hand.Bracket1500 is well suited for reducing or preventing field damage. For example, with known systems and methods, field personnel typically lift or move HVAC components simply by grasping various piping or probe elements, which often results in destruction or serious damage to the component.Bracket1500 confers the ability to ship and maneuver zone-control unit1000 in a standardized and safe manner. Often,thermal transfer unit1200, which may include a coil, is at least partially disposed withincasing1100.Inlet piping assembly1300 is coupled withthermal transfer unit1200 for supplying liquid or gas tocoil1200, andoutlet piping assembly1400 is coupled withcoil1200 for receiving liquid or gas fromcoil1200. This can be accomplished by coupling afirst passage1310 ofinlet piping assembly1300 with asupply port1210 ofthermal transfer unit1200, and coupling afirst passage1410 of theoutlet piping assembly1400 with areturn port1220 ofthermal transfer unit1200. Asecond passage1320 ofinlet piping assembly1300 can be coupled with anupstream fluid source1330, and asecond passage1420 ofoutlet piping assembly1400 can be coupled with adownstream fluid destination1430.

It is appreciated that inlet piping assemblysecond passage1320 and outlet piping assemblysecond passage1420 each can be sealed, inlet piping assemblyfirst passage1310 can be in sealed communication with thermal transferassembly supply port1210, and outlet piping assemblyfirst passage1410 can be in sealed communication with the thermal transferassembly return port1220. When sealed in this fashion,thermal transfer unit1200 can contain a vacuum, a non-pressurized fluid, or a pressurized fluid. Inlet piping assemblysecond passage1320 and outlet piping assemblysecond passage1420 can be manufactured from, for example, ¾ inch type L copper water pipe. They can be sealed according to a heating and spinning procedure that introduces no annealing or distortion of the pipe. After zone-control unit1000 is placed in the desired location relative to the HVAC system, distal tips of inlet piping assemblysecond passage1320 and outlet piping assemblysecond passage1420 can be cut, and connected with other HVAC piping or hose elements, such as a hot water piping building loop. Relatedly, zone-control unit1000 includes apressure gauge1710 coupled withinlet piping assembly1400. In some embodiments,pressure gauge1710 may be coupled withthermal transfer unit1200 oroutlet piping assembly1300.Inlet piping assembly1300 may be coupled with adrain valve1330, a Y-strainer1340, a pressure/temperature port1350, or asupply shutoff valve1360, or any combination thereof.Outlet piping assembly1400 may be coupled withcontrol valve1430, a balancing valve (not shown), a vent (not shown), a pressure/temperature port1450, or areturn shutoff valve1460, or any combination thereof.Control valve1430 may be an automatic temperature control (ATC) valve having a compensated ball valve including an integral pressure limiting and flow setting apparatus.Valve1430 can assure consistent flow response regardless of the head pressure. In some cases, there is no CV setting on the valve. Relatedly, zone-control unit1000 may include a field set manual or factory programmable maximum flow setting. In some embodiments, valve balancing may be accomplished in less than 30 seconds.Valve1430 may have a shutoff pressure of 200 psi. Conveniently,valve1430 may have a pressure sufficient to counteract a heating loop dead head pressure, which can be 50 psi or more. In related embodiments,valve1430 can be a ½ inch, a ¾ inch, or 1 inch valve.Control valve1430 may be a modulating Siemens ATC.

Thermal transfer unit

1200 may be coupled with avent1230 such as an air vent. In some instances,vent1230 is a manual air vent disposed at or toward the highest point ofthermal transfer unit1200.Vent1230 can help ensure proper drainage of air or other unwanted fluids or gasses that enter the system, which can have deleterious effects on an HVAC system. For example, unwanted air in a hot water system can cause cavitation in a hot water pump, which may cause malfunction or destruction of the pump or other system components. Vents can also help ensure optimum flow characteristics when drainingthermal transfer unit1200 or other zone-control unit1000 components. Full drainage of such components can facilitate the removal of unwanted particles such as rust or other chemical buildup. In some embodiments,vent1230 is constructed of a non-corrosive military grade brass. In the embodiment shown here, zone-control unit1000 includes aduct interface1110 which is coupleable with duct orcasing1100, which may be attached with or integral to a duct or ductwork of an HVAC system.Bracket1500, which may include a handle, supportsduct interface1100,inlet piping assembly1300, andoutlet piping assembly1400 with relative positions appropriate for use in an HVAC system or other climate control system. In some cases,bracket1500 may be a handle configured to maintain duct orcasing1100,inlet piping assembly1300, andoutlet piping assembly1400 in positional relationship.

As shown inFIG. 2A, zone-control unit1000 can include adamper assembly controller1600, which may be coupled withcasing1100.Damper assembly controller1600 may be configured to receive a signal from a thermostat or a room sensor (not shown). In some embodiments,damper assembly controller1600 can include, for example, an analog electronic controller, or a direct digital control (DDC) controller equipped with Local Area Network (LAN) communication capability. In some cases,controller1600 can be a pneumatic DDC.Controller1600 can also be configured to operatively associate with or have connectivity with a LonWorks or BACnet system.Unit1000 can also include an automatic temperature control (ATC)valve1430, which is typically coupled with or part ofoutlet piping assembly1400, and configured to receive a signal fromdamper assembly controller1600, for example, by connection with plenum ratedactuator wires1432. Other embodiments may employ wireless signal transmission technologies. In certain embodiments,ATC valve1430 is a Nema 1 24V Belimo proportional actuator. Accordingly, in some embodiments the present invention provides a proportional hot water valve package (PICCV). Often, zone-control unit1000 will be configured to have one piping interface, one electrical interface, and one sheet metal interface, so as to provide a “plug and play” unit for ease of shipping and installation.

It is appreciated that inlet piping assemblysecond passage2320 and outlet piping assemblysecond passage2420 each can be sealed, inlet piping assemblyfirst passage2310 can be in sealed communication with thermal transferassembly supply port2210, and outlet piping assemblyfirst passage2410 can be in sealed communication with the thermal transfer assembly return port2220. When sealed in this fashion,thermal transfer unit2200 can contain a vacuum, a non-pressurized fluid, or a pressurized fluid. Relatedly, zone-control unit2000 includes apressure gauge2710 coupled withinlet piping assembly2400. In some embodiments,pressure gauge2710 may be coupled withthermal transfer unit2200 orinlet piping assembly2300.Inlet piping assembly2300 may be coupled with adrain valve2330, a Y-strainer2340, a pressure/temperature port2350, or asupply shutoff valve2360, or any combination thereof.Outlet piping assembly2400 may be coupled withcontrol valve2430, amanual balancing valve2470, a vent (not shown), a pressure/temperature port2450 disposed upstream ofcontrol valve2430, a pressure/temperature port2452 disposed downstream ofcontrol valve2430, or areturn shutoff valve2460, or any combination thereof. In some cases, balancingvalve2470 may be a Griswold pressure independent balancing valve.Thermal transfer unit2200 may be coupled with avent2230 such as an air vent. In the embodiment shown here, zone-control unit2000 includes aduct interface2110 which is coupleable with duct orcasing2100, which may be attached with or integral to a duct or ductwork of an HVAC system.Bracket2500, which may include a handle, supportsduct interface2110,inlet piping assembly2300, andoutlet piping assembly2400 with relative positions appropriate for use in an HVAC system or other climate control system. In some cases,bracket2500 may be a handle configured to maintain duct orcasing2100,inlet piping assembly2300, andoutlet piping assembly2400 in positional relationship.

As shown inFIG. 3A, zone-control unit2000 can include adamper assembly controller2600, which may be coupled withcasing2100.Damper assembly controller1600 may be configured to receive a signal from a thermostat or a room sensor (not shown). In some embodiments,damper assembly controller2600 includes a direct digital control (DDC) controller equipped with Local Area Network (LAN) communication capability.Unit2000 can also include an automatic temperature control (ATC)valve2430, which is typically coupled with or part ofoutlet piping assembly2400, and configured to receive a signal fromdamper assembly controller2600, in some embodiments by connection with plenum ratedactuator wires2432, via wireless signal transmission systems, or the like. In certain embodiments,ATC valve2430 is a Nema 1 24V Belimo on/off actuator. Accordingly, in some embodiments the present invention provides a two way water valve package (CCV).

FIG. 4A illustrates a side view of a zone-control unit3000 for use in an HVAC system, according to one embodiment of the present invention, andFIG. 4B illustrates the corresponding end view. Zone-control unit3000 includes a duct orcasing3100, athermal transfer unit3200, aninlet piping assembly3300, anoutlet piping assembly3400, abypass piping assembly3800, and at least onebracket3500. Often,thermal transfer unit3200, which may include a coil, is at least partially disposed withincasing3100.Inlet piping assembly3300 is coupled withthermal transfer unit3200 for supplying liquid or gas tocoil3200, andoutlet piping assembly3400 is coupled withcoil3200 for receiving liquid or gas fromcoil3200. This can be accomplished by coupling afirst passage3310 ofinlet piping assembly3300 with asupply port3210 ofthermal transfer unit3200, and coupling afirst passage3410 of theoutlet piping assembly3400 with a return port3220 ofthermal transfer unit3200. Asecond passage3320 ofinlet piping assembly3300 can be coupled with anupstream fluid source3330, and asecond passage3420 ofoutlet piping assembly3400 can be coupled with adownstream fluid destination3430.

As shown inFIG. 4A, zone-control unit3000 can include adamper assembly controller3600, which may be coupled withcasing3100.Damper assembly controller3600 may be configured to receive a signal from a thermostat or a room sensor (not shown). In some embodiments,damper assembly controller3600 includes a direct digital control (DDC) controller equipped with Local Area Network (LAN) communication capability.Unit3000 can also include an automatic temperature control (ATC)valve3430, which is typically coupled with or part ofoutlet piping assembly3400, and configured to receive a signal fromdamper assembly controller3600 by connection with plenum ratedactuator wires3432, wireless transmission systems, or the like. In certain embodiments,ATC valve3430 is a Nema 1 24V Belimo three way actuator. Accordingly, in some embodiments the present invention provides a three way water valve package (CCV).

FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of a zone-control unit4000 for use in an HVAC system, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Zone-control unit4000 includes a duct orcasing4100, athermal transfer unit4200, aninlet piping assembly4300, anoutlet piping assembly4400, and at least onebracket4500. Often,thermal transfer unit4200, which may include a coil, is at least partially disposed withincasing4100.Inlet piping assembly4300 is coupled withthermal transfer unit4200 for supplying liquid or gas tocoil4200, andoutlet piping assembly4400 is coupled withcoil4200 for receiving liquid or gas fromcoil4200. Zone-control unit4000 includes apressure gauge4710 coupled withoutlet piping assembly4400. In some embodiments,pressure gauge4710 may be coupled withthermal transfer unit4200 orinlet piping assembly4300.Inlet piping assembly4300 may be coupled with abasket strainer4380. Zone-control unit4000 can be cleaned by fluid or water pressure without removingbasket strainer4380. Inlet piping assembly may also be coupled with a blow downdrain4370 forbasket strainer4380.Outlet piping assembly4400 may be coupled with acontrol valve4430. In the embodiment shown here, zone-control unit4000 includes acasing4100 which may be attached with a duct or ductwork of an HVAC system.Bracket4500, which may include a handle, supports casing4100,inlet piping assembly4300, andoutlet piping assembly4400 with relative positions appropriate for use in an HVAC system or other climate control system.

FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of a zone-control unit5000 for use in an HVAC system, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Zone-control unit5000 includes a duct orcasing5100, a thermal transfer unit (not shown), aninlet piping assembly5300, anoutlet piping assembly5400, and at least onebracket5500. Zone-control unit5000 also includes ahousing5900 coupled withcasing5100, such thathousing5900 encompasses ATC valve (not shown) and other components of zone-control unit5000 as described elsewhere herein. For comparative reference with other figures of the present disclosure, zone-control unit5000 is depicted here showing avent5230, adrain valve5330, an inlet piping assemblysecond passage5320 and an outlet piping assemblysecond passage5420. Ahousing cover5910 ofhousing5900 may have anaperture5920 through whichbracket5500 may extend, or through whichbracket5500 may be otherwise accessible via an operator's hands, a forklift, or other maneuvering apparatus used during transportation, shipping, or installation. Zone-control unit5000 may also have avalidation package4120, which may include a digital picture of the zone-control unit5000 or components thereof, a quality control sheet, an operations and maintenance document, a parts list with model and serial numbers, an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) certification, or a piping, electrical, and controls schematic, or any combination thereof. These components ofvalidation package4120 may be stored in a plastic pouch and attached withunit6000. It is appreciated therefore that the present invention can be conveniently tested, validated, standardized, cataloged, and certified prior to shipping or installation.

FIGS. 8A-8G generally illustrate standardization of components in differing HVAC units. Rather than attempting to minimize the costs of individual components of the many HVAC units in an HVAC system (which can lead to extensive on-site work, delays, and large installation labor costs), overall system installation efficiencies can be enhanced through the use of more standardized components, even if those components have capacities that exceed the requirements of some units.

Proportional valves (including those having characteristics similar to those graphically illustrated inFIG. 8A, such as the Belimo™ PICCV pressure independent proportional ball valve) and the like can facilitate integration of a single type of HVAC unit in multiple locations having differing specifications, tailoring the functioning of the unit by though appropriate use of the electronic controller software.FIG. 8B illustrates an HVAC hot water coilpiping package unit8000, whileFIGS. 8C and 8E illustrate an HVAC proportional hot watervalve package unit8000C and a 2 way watervalve package unit8000E, respectively.FIG. 8D illustrates a support structure or handle8000D which may be used in both, andFIG. 8F illustrates a 3 way watervalve package unit8000F.FIG. 8G illustrates a support structure or handle8000G that can be used with any of the units described herein. Despite the significant differences between these units, many, most, or all of the components (including piping components) may be common, with the aspect ratio of the piping optionally being identical.

FIG. 9 illustrates engagement between the support structure or handle9000 mounted to an HVAC unit and another similar corresponding support structure, allowing the support structures to be used as mounting fasteners. A plurality of different configurations of support structures can be provided with different sizes, different numbers, sizes, and configurations of holes and grommets for receiving piping, and the like. One or more supports may be secured to a joist, beam, or other building structure where the HVAC unit is to be installed. The unit support structure or handle is then lifted into engagement with the secured support(s), and the engaging surface at least temporarily “hanging” or maintaining the position of the HVAC unit. Fasteners may then affix the corresponding engaged support structures together to provide a secure and/or permanent installation. Deformable damping materials such as rubber, neoprene, resilient polymers, or the like along one or both of the engaging support surfaces can provide vibration and/or sound isolation. The support structures or handles may comprise carbon fiber, stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, or the like, and the engaging support structures may have similar shapes (as shown) or different shapes.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate methods for testing and validation of HVAC units. HVAC units. Unit ordering and fabrication can be automated, and testing of piping by pressurizing piping assemblies, sealing, and verifying an acceptable pressure is maintained after a test period (for example, 24 hours) ensures leak-free fabrication. Any re-work can be identified and completed prior to shipping to a constructions site, and quality control documentation (optionally comprising a magnetic media such as a floppy disk, an optical media such as a mini CD, a memory such as a flash memory stick, or some other tangible media embodying machine readable computer data, a print-out, a digital photograph, and/or the like) can be associated with each unit to validate the components and testing. In some embodiments, such quality control may be integrated into the HVAC signal transmission system so as to facilitate remote validation via LAN conductors or a wireless network system, and/or radiofrequency identification or RFID techniques and structures may be employed.

FIGS. 11 and 12 schematically illustrate a two part damper having two airfoil-shaped damper members. Automatic dampers are used in HVAC to control air flow. They may be used for modulating air flow to maintain a desired control variable, such as mixed air temperature, supply air duct static pressure, or the like. They can also be used for two-position control to initiate or halt operating flow, for example, when opening minimum outside air dampers when a fan is started. Inadvertent damper leakage can be undesirable, as tight shut-off of flows can reduce energy consumption significantly. Also, outdoor air dampers should close tightly to inhibit freezing of coils and pipes in cold climates.

The two-part damper design ofFIGS. 11 and 12 may provide little or no pressure drop in one, some, or all damper configurations, with the air always traveling through the middle of the damper casing being uniform and laminar. The exemplary damper members may have an airfoil-shaped cross-section, and may pivot within the casing, slide within the casing, or the like. A small wireless sensor or sensors can be used for controlling damper actuation. Such sensors, may, for example, measure the distance between the two damper members, sound, air flow, or the like. By avoiding cross flow measurement devices having numerous (often over 5) sensor locations, pressure drop and turbulence of the damper system may be further inhibited. Characteristics of known dampers are described and illustrated in a 1997 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, and known damper assemblies and features thereof are described and illustrated in pages 6-13 of a 2001 Model SDR Calalog from Environmental Technologies, Inc., the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.FIG. 11 shows a side view of adamper system11000 according to embodiments of the present invention. The damper system is shown in a 100% open configuration, with air or fluid flowing through the system as indicated by arrowA. Damper system11000 includes adamper casing11010, and one ormore damper members11020 disposed within the damper casing. As shown here,damper members11020 are attached withdamper shafts11030 toward aleading end11022 of the damper members, and can pivot aboutdamper shafts11030 as indicated by arrow B. The damper system also includes one or more air stops11040, optionally disposed toward leadingend11022 ofdamper members11020, that assist in maintaining laminar air flow and reducing or avoiding turbulence, particularly when the damper system is in the 100% open configuration. In the embodiment shown here,damper members11020 are coupled with one ormore sensors11050. The sensors are disposed on the trailingend11024 of thedamper members11020. Sensors may also or alternatively be disposed at any location along the damper member, at or near the damper casing, and the like. Sensors may detect any of a variety of spatial, positional, or angular orientations of a damper member. For example, a sensor may detect a distance between damper members, a distance between a damper member and the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to another damper member, and the like. A sensor may also detect sound or pressure that is present in the damper system. Often, the sensor will be configured so as to present minimal or no disruption to air or fluid passing through the damper system. For example, the sensor may be embedded beneath the surface of the damper member, or may be contiguous with the smooth or aerodynamic surface of the damper member. As shown here, the side profile or end view ofdamper members11020 present an aerodynamic design or cross section, similar to an airfoil or wing. Theleading end11022 in combination with theair stop11040 can present a smooth surface or profile that introduces minimal or no disruption to laminar fluid flowing through the damper system. The air stop may be coupled with the damper casing, the damper element, or both. In some cases, the air stop is flexible. In some cases, the air stop is rigid. The air stops, damper members, and sensors operate to minimize unwanted or inadvertent pressure drop across the damper system, particularly when the damper system is in an open configuration. Thus laminar flow of fluid passing through the damper system is maximized, particularly the fluid passing through a central area or zone disposed between the two damper members.

FIG. 12 shows an end view ofdamper system11000 according to embodiments of the present invention. The damper system is shown in a 10% open configuration, with air or fluid flowing through the system toward the viewer as indicated by arrowA. Damper system11000 includes adamper casing11010, and one ormore damper members11020 disposed within the damper casing. As shown here,damper members11020 are attached withdamper shafts11030 toward aleading end11022 of the damper members, and can pivot aboutdamper shafts11030 as indicated by arrow B. In the embodiment shown here,damper members11020 are coupled with one ormore sensors11050. A trailingend11024 ofdamper member11020 can be shaped, profiled, or contoured so as to allow for a 100% shutoff of fluid passing through the damper system. This shutoff may be accomplished by a cooperative association between trailing edges or ends11024 of two opposing damper members, or between a trailingend11024 and adamper casing11030. In related embodiments, the shutoff can be accomplished by a cooperative association between sensors that are disposed at or near the trailing ends of the damper members.

FIGS. 13A, 13B and13C schematically illustrate drive systems for pivoting or sliding of the damper members.FIG. 13A shows a side view of a damper system13000aaccording to embodiments of the present invention. The damper system is shown in a 100% closed configuration, with air or fluid flowing through the system as indicated by arrow A being prevented from passing across the trailing ends13024aofdamper members13020a. Damper system13000aincludes a damper casing13010a, and one ormore damper members13020adisposed within the damper casing. As shown here,damper members13020aare attached withdamper shafts13030atoward aleading end13022aof the damper members, and can pivot or rotate aboutdamper shafts13030aas indicated by arrow B. The damper system also includes one or more air stops13040a, optionally disposed toward leadingend13022aofdamper members13020a, that assist in maintaining laminar air flow and reducing or avoiding turbulence. In the embodiment shown here,damper members13020aare coupled with one ormore sensors13050a. The sensors are disposed on the trailingend13024aof thedamper members13020a. Sensors may also or alternatively be disposed at any location along the damper member, at or near the damper casing, and the like. Sensors may detect any of a variety of spatial, positional, or angular orientations of a damper member. For example, a sensor may detect a distance between damper members, a distance between a damper member and the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to another damper member, and the like. A sensor may also detect sound or pressure that is present in the damper system. Often, the sensor will be configured so as to present minimal or no disruption to air or fluid passing through the damper system. For example, the sensor may be embedded beneath the surface of the damper member, or may be contiguous with the smooth or aerodynamic surface of the damper member. Damper system13000amay also include acontrol mechanism13060athat controls operation of the damper members. In some embodiments, the control mechanism includes an input for receiving signals or information generated by the sensors, or an input for receiving signals, instructions, information, and the like from various components of an HVAC system.Control mechanism13060amay include anactuator13070aand alinkage arrangement13080a. Typically, all or part of the control mechanism is located on the exterior of the damper casing, or does not otherwise affect the flow of fluid passing through the damper casing and across the damper members.

FIG. 13B shows a side view of adamper system13000baccording to embodiments of the present invention. The damper system is shown in a 100% closed configuration, with air or fluid flowing through the system as indicated by arrow A being prevented from passing across the trailing ends13024bofdamper members13020a.Damper system13000bincludes adamper casing13010b, and one or more damper members13020bdisposed within the damper casing. As shown here, damper members13020bare attached withdamper shafts13030btoward aleading end13022bof the damper members, and can pivot or rotate aboutdamper shafts13030bas indicated by arrow B. In the embodiment shown here, damper members13020bare coupled with one ormore sensors13050b. The sensors are disposed on the trailingend13024bof the damper members13020b. Sensors may also or alternatively be disposed at any location along the damper member, at or near the damper casing, and the like. Sensors may detect any of a variety of spatial, positional, or angular orientations of a damper member. For example, a sensor may detect a distance between damper members, a distance between a damper member and the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to another damper member, and the like. A sensor may also detect sound or pressure that is present in the damper system. Often, the sensor will be configured so as to present minimal or no disruption to air or fluid passing through the damper system. For example, the sensor may be embedded beneath the surface of the damper member, or may be contiguous with the smooth or aerodynamic surface of the damper member.Damper system13000bmay also include acontrol mechanism13060bthat controls operation of the damper members. In some embodiments, the control mechanism includes an input for receiving signals or information generated by the sensors, or an input for receiving signals, instructions, information, and the like from various components of an HVAC system.Control mechanism13060bmay include agear assembly13075bthat includes one ormore gears13077b. Typically, all or part of the control mechanism is located on the exterior of the damper casing, or does not otherwise affect the flow of fluid passing through the damper casing and across the damper members.

FIG. 13C shows a side view of adamper system13000caccording to embodiments of the present invention. In this figure, one of twodamper members13020cis shown. Air or fluid flows through the system as indicated by arrowA. Damper system13000cincludes adamper casing13010c, and one ormore damper members13020cdisposed within the damper casing. As shown here,damper members13020care coupled with a damper housing or track13090c, such that the damper member can slide within or along the track as indicated by arrowC. Damper members13020ccan be coupled with one ormore sensors13050c. The sensors are disposed on the trailingend13024cof thedamper members13020c. Sensors may also or alternatively be disposed at any location along the damper member, at or near the damper casing, and the like. Sensors may detect any of a variety of spatial, positional, or angular orientations of a damper member. For example, a sensor may detect a distance between damper members, a distance between a damper member and the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to the damper casing, a position or an orientation of a damper member relative to another damper member, and the like. A sensor may also detect sound or pressure that is present in the damper system. Often, the sensor will be configured so as to present minimal or no disruption to air or fluid passing through the damper system. For example, the sensor may be embedded beneath the surface of the damper member, or may be contiguous with the smooth or aerodynamic surface of the damper member.Damper system13000cmay also include acontrol mechanism13060cthat controls operation of the damper members. In some embodiments, the control mechanism includes an input for receiving signals or information generated by the sensors, or an input for receiving signals, instructions, information, and the like from various components of an HVAC system.Control mechanism13060cmay operate to slide or move the damper member along or within the track. Typically, all or part of the control mechanism is located on the exterior of the damper casing, or does not otherwise affect the flow of fluid passing through the damper casing and across the damper members.

FIGS. 14A-14C schematically illustrate an alternative damper assembly having a deformable helical damper member. When in a restricted flow configuration, such a damper member may induce a vortex within the duct and/or casing. Static pressure may result from such a vortex within the duct system, helping to make the system more energy efficient, quieter, and may provide better overall HVAC performance characteristics.FIG. 14A shows a side view of adamper system14000 according to embodiments of the present invention.FIGS. 14B and 14C present end views of the damper system.Damper system14000 includes acontrol member14010, which optionally includes a metal or a composite, and a deformablehelical damper member14020. Whencontrol member14010 is rotated or turned as indicated by arrow A, thedamper member14020 may also turn or otherwise form to provide or create a vortex in fluid that passes through the damper system. In some embodiments, the amount or degree to which the control member is turned or activated determines the amount of air or fluid being turned down or otherwise regulated. For example, if the control member is turned a greater amount, the damper member may prevent a greater amount of fluid from passing therethrough. Conversely, if the control member is turned or activated a lesser amount, the damper member may prevent a lesser amount of fluid from passing therethrough. The damper system may be operated to any desired configuration, within a range from 0% open to 100% open.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of the presently preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that such disclosure is purely illustrative and is not to be interpreted as limiting. Consequently, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, various alterations, modifications, and/or alternative applications of the invention will, no doubt, be suggested to those skilled in the art after having read the preceding disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that the following claims be interpreted as encompassing all alterations, modifications, or alternative applications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A damper assembly for use in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the assembly comprising:

a casing having an inlet and an outflow with a flow direction extending therebetween;

a first damper member movably disposed within the casing; and

a second damper member movably disposed within the casing;

the damper members having cross-sections and movable between an open flow configuration and a restricted flow configuration such that laminar flow is maintained as the flow is restricted.

2. The assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising a damper assembly controller coupled to the damper members.

3. The assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising a flow sensor coupled to the damper members, wherein the flow sensor measures pressure at less than 5 locations across the dampers.

4. The assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising a first sensor coupled with the first damper member, wherein the first sensor detects an orientation of the first damper member relative to the casing.

5. The assembly ofclaim 4, wherein the first sensor is disposed near a trailing end of the first damper member.

6. The assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising a first sensor coupled with the first damper member, wherein the first sensor detects an orientation of the first damper member relative to the second damper member.

7. The assembly ofclaim 1, further comprising an air stop.

8. The assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the first damper member comprises a trailing end and the second damper member comprises a trailing end, and the first damper member trailing end and the second damper member trailing end are configured to be moved toward each other when the assembly is moved toward the restricted flow configuration.

9. A damper assembly for use in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the assembly comprising:

a casing having an inlet and an outflow with a flow direction extending therebetween; and

a damper member disposed within the casing, the damper member comprising a helical body deformable between an open flow configuration and a restricted flow configuration.

10. The assembly ofclaim 9, wherein the damper in at least one configuration has a shape suitable for inducing a vortex in a flow within the casing.

11. A method of controlling a fluid flow in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, comprising:

flowing a fluid through a casing inlet toward a casing outlet;

flowing the fluid across a plurality of damper members disposed within the casing;

restricting an amount of the fluid passing through the casing by actuating a first damper member; and

maintaining a laminar flow within the fluid during the actuation of the first damper member.

12. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising sensing an orientation of the first damper member.

13. The method ofclaim 11, further comprising sensing a pressure within the casing.

14. The method ofclaim 11, wherein restricting the amount of fluid passing through the casing comprises actuating a second damper member.

15. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising maintaining the laminar flow during actuation of the second damper member.

16. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising sensing an orientation of the second damper member.

17. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising sensing an orientation of the second damper member relative to the first damper member.

18. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising sensing an orientation of the second damper member relative to the casing.

19. The method ofclaim 14, wherein a cross section of the first damper member comprises an aerodynamic profile and a cross section of the second damper member comprises an aerodynamic profile.

20. The method ofclaim 14, further comprising sensing a distance between the first damper member and the second damper member.