US20070173913A1 - Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy - Google Patents
Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapyDownload PDFInfo
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- US20070173913A1 US20070173913A1US11/695,669US69566907AUS2007173913A1US 20070173913 A1US20070173913 A1US 20070173913A1US 69566907 AUS69566907 AUS 69566907AUS 2007173913 A1US2007173913 A1US 2007173913A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
- A61K31/315—Zinc compounds
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/555—Heterocyclic compounds containing heavy metals, e.g. hemin, hematin, melarsoprol
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
- A61K41/0061—5-aminolevulinic acid-based PDT: 5-ALA-PDT involving porphyrins or precursors of protoporphyrins generated in vivo from 5-ALA
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
- A61K41/0071—PDT with porphyrins having exactly 20 ring atoms, i.e. based on the non-expanded tetrapyrrolic ring system, e.g. bacteriochlorin, chlorin-e6, or phthalocyanines
Definitions
- the present inventionrelates to methods and devices for protecting epithelial tissue during photodynamic therapy, and in particular to methods and devices for reducing phototoxicity during photodynamic therapy.
- Photodynamic therapywhich can be used for many purposes including hair removal and acne treatment, involves the combination of a light-absorbing photosensitizing agent with light of the appropriate wavelength.
- a pre-photosensitizersuch as aminolevulinic acid (ALA, ALA-ester), which converts into a photosensitizing agent when it metabolizes, can also be used.
- the photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agentis topically or systemically applied to a target tissue where it accumulates. Upon irradiation with a visible light of an activating wavelength, the photosensitizing agent causes the release of reactive oxygen species in cells containing the photosensitizing agent, thereby promoting cell death.
- the photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agentcan accumulate in healthy tissues as well as the target tissue.
- the photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agentis applied to the skin topically and is absorbed by both the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. As a result, application of light can cause phototoxicity to the epidermis, which can lead to long-lasting hyperpigmentation or epidermal necrosis.
- the present inventiongenerally provides methods and devices for controlling the application of PDT induced using a photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agent, and in particular for preventing damage to superficial tissue layers, such as the epidermis, during PDT.
- the methodincludes the step of administering an agent to tissue surrounding a targeted treatment site such that a photosensitizing agent accumulates in the tissue.
- the agentcan be a photosensitizing agent, or it can be a pre-photosensitizing agent which metabolizes into a photosensitizing agent as it accumulates in tissue.
- the methodfurther includes the steps of irradiating the targeted treatment site to activate the in vivo photosensitizing agent to cause phototoxicity, while inhibiting phototoxicity in non-targeted tissue such that the non-targeted tissue is substantially unaffected.
- the present inventionalso provides a device that is effective to decrease local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood and/or to flush the tissue surface with nitrogen.
- phototoxicityis inhibited by reducing the oxygen-content in the non-targeted tissue surrounding the targeted treatment site during the step of irradiating the treatment site.
- the oxygen-contentcan be reduced, for example, by applying an external vacuum to the non-targeted tissue, by flushing the non-targeted tissue with nitrogen gas, and/or by decreasing local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood to the non-targeted tissue.
- FIG. 1Ais a diagram illustrating one embodiment of a device for depriving epidermal tissue of oxygen in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 1Bis a bottom view of the device shown in FIG. 1A ;
- FIG. 2Ais a photograph of human skin showing the effect of reduced oxygen on the formation of PpIX in human skin treated with a 2% solution of ALA;
- FIG. 2Bis another photograph of human skin showing the effect of reduced oxygen on the formation of PpIX in human skin treated with a 2% solution of ALA.
- a photosensitizing agent or a pre-photosensitizing agentsuch as ALA
- a photosensitizing agent or a pre-photosensitizing agentis administered to the skin surface, e.g., the epidermal tissue, above a targeted treatment site.
- a pre-photosensitizing agentsuch as ALA
- the agentmetabolizes into a photosensitizing agent, e.g., a photoactive species, such as the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), as it accumulates in the tissue.
- a photosensitizing agente.g., a photoactive species, such as the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)
- the photosensitizing agentUpon the application of light having an appropriate wavelength, the photosensitizing agent absorbs the light and becomes phototoxic, releasing oxygen to destroy the cells. While ALA-induced PDT has proven effective, the photosensitizing agent or metabolized pre-photosensitizing agent can accumulate in both epithelial tissue and underlying targeted tissue, thereby potentially causing damage to non-targeted, healthy epithelial tissue.
- the present inventiontherefore provides methods and devices for preventing or reducing the likelihood of damage to epithelial tissue, such as the epidermis, during PDT, and in particular the present invention provides method and devices for protecting epithelial tissue during PDT in which phototoxicity of the photosensitizing agent is inhibited in non-targeted epithelial tissue during the application of light to a targeted treatment site.
- the methods and devices of the present inventioncan be used with a variety of photosensitizing agents and pre-photosensitizing agents, but in an exemplary embodiment, the methods and devices of the present invention are used with ALA-induced PDT, which is described in more detail in U.S. Patent Publication No.
- ALAcan be used in a variety of forms, including in a pharmacologically equivalent form, such as an amide or ester, or as a salt, such as hydrochloride salt, and it can be topically applied to the skin surface surrounding a targeted treatment site, which underlies the epidermal tissue at the skin surface, or it can be administered using other techniques known in the art.
- a pharmacologically equivalent formsuch as an amide or ester
- a saltsuch as hydrochloride salt
- a light sourcepreferably red visible light having a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to 700 nm, and more preferably about 25 nm to 200 nm, is applied to the targeted treatment site at a dosage of energy in the range of about 1 J/cm 2 to 200 J/cm 2 , and more preferably about 25 J/cm 2 to 200 J/cm 2 .
- photosensitizing agents or pre-photosensitizing agentsinclude, for example, porphyrins, chlorines, porphycenes, purpurins, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, bacteriochlorins, benzophenothiazines, either as free agents or in combination with specific delivery agents such as in liposomes or as photosensitizer conjugates with targeting molecules, such as peptides, receptor ligands or antibodies.
- Conversion of the in vivo photosensitizing agentcan be inhibited using a variety of techniques, but in an exemplary embodiment the oxygen-content in epithelial tissue, such as epidermal tissue, surrounding a targeted treatment site is reduced.
- PDT induced using a photosensitizing agent or a pre-photosensitizing agent, such as ALArequires oxygen for the formation of the reactive oxygen species that destroy the cells when the tissue is irradiated.
- the epidermiscan be protected during irradiation by reducing the amount of oxygen available to the skin cells in the epidermis. This can be achieved by, for example, spatially depleting the oxygen at the skin surface by flushing the area with nitrogen gas, and/or by decreasing local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood.
- FIGS. 1A and 1Billustrate one embodiment of a device 10 that can be used to deprive epidermal tissue of oxygen during PDT, thereby protecting the epidermal tissue while allowing PDT of the underlying dermal tissue.
- the device 10is adapted to be placed on a tissue surface to seal a portion of the tissue from the external environment.
- a chamber 12 within the device 10can be coupled to a vacuum 14 to decrease local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood, and/or the chamber 12 can be flushed with nitrogen to deprive the tissue surface of oxygen, thereby preventing phototoxicity to the epidermal tissue surface.
- the device 10is preferably used simultaneously with the application of light, and thus at least a portion of the device 10 is preferably formed from a material that is transparent to radiating light to allow the tissue underlying the device 10 to be treated while the tissue surface is deprived of oxygen.
- FIGS. 1A and 1Billustrate a device 10 in the form of a substantially circular housing defining a chamber 12 formed therein.
- a bottom portion 10 b ( FIG. 1B ) of the housing 10is adapted to be positioned on a skin surface, e.g., the epidermal tissue surface 18 as shown in FIG. 1A , such that the skin surface 18 is in communication with the chamber 12 and is sealed from the surrounding environment.
- the bottom portion 10 bcan be open, a porous material, such as a wire mesh 16 as shown, preferably extends there across. When at least a partial vacuum is created within the chamber 12 , the wire mesh 16 allows the skin to deform there around (shown in FIG.
- the housing 10can also include a seal (not shown), such as an o-ring, formed on or disposed around a perimeter of the bottom portion 10 b to facilitate a secure seal between the housing 10 and the tissue surface.
- a sealsuch as an o-ring, formed on or disposed around a perimeter of the bottom portion 10 b to facilitate a secure seal between the housing 10 and the tissue surface.
- the housing 10is positioned on the tissue surface above a targeted treatment site either after or simultaneously with the topical application of a photosensitizing agent.
- a vacuum or partial vacuumcan then be applied to the chamber 12 and/or the chamber 12 can be flushed with nitrogen.
- the vacuummay be applied by a pump or manually, for example, using a syringe.
- the deviceis further sealed to the tissue by suction and blood flow near the tissue surface is reduced and the tissue is deprived of oxygen. Light exposure for photodynamic therapy is then administered.
- the photosensitizing agent located in the epidermal tissueis thereby prevented from becoming phototoxic when the tissue is irradiated with light.
- the techniques of the present inventioncan be used in a variety of applications, and they can also be applied in combination with methods for preventing metabolism of a photosensitizing agent in epidermal tissue surrounding the targeted treatment site, as described in a U.S. Patent Application filed concurrently herewith and titled “Methods for Epidermal Protection During Photodynamic Therapy.”
- the methodis used during hair removal to establish an oxygen gradient with relative hypoxia in the interfollicular epidermis to decrease the phototoxic effects of PDT in this skin layer relative to the deeper-seated hair follicles, where phototoxicity is desired.
- Thiswould allow for the enhanced efficiency of hair removal while minimizing side effects secondary to epidermal damage.
- epidermal damagewould be minimized by allowing targeting of PDT to the deeper sebaceous glands.
- establishing a relatively hypoxic environment in the normal tissue surrounding cancerous skin cellswould enhance the selectivity of PDT-mediated destruction of neoplastic cells.
- ALAwas iontophoretically transferred into human skin, followed by incubation for 3 hours. Irradiation was then performed with a 635-nm diode laser on (a) a control, (b) a tourniquet applied to the extremity for 1 minute prior to and during irradiation, (c) a control, and (d) an external vacuum applied to skin.
- a controla control
- a tourniquetapplied to the extremity for 1 minute prior to and during irradiation
- a controla control
- an external vacuumapplied to skin.
- FIG. 2Athe decreased oxygen in the skin (b) caused by the tourniquet was effective to remove hair, as compared to the control (a)
- the decreased oxygen in the skin (d) caused by the external vacuumwas effective to remove hair, as compared to the control (c).
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Abstract
Description
- This application is a divisional of a U.S. patent application bearing Ser. No. 10/709,121, filed on Apr. 14, 2004, entitled “Methods and Devices for Epithelial Protection During Photodynamic Therapy, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/462,937, filed on Apr. 15, 2003, entitled “Methods for Epidermal Protection During Photodynamic Therapy.” The entirety of both applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- The present invention relates to methods and devices for protecting epithelial tissue during photodynamic therapy, and in particular to methods and devices for reducing phototoxicity during photodynamic therapy.
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which can be used for many purposes including hair removal and acne treatment, involves the combination of a light-absorbing photosensitizing agent with light of the appropriate wavelength. A pre-photosensitizer, such as aminolevulinic acid (ALA, ALA-ester), which converts into a photosensitizing agent when it metabolizes, can also be used. The photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agent is topically or systemically applied to a target tissue where it accumulates. Upon irradiation with a visible light of an activating wavelength, the photosensitizing agent causes the release of reactive oxygen species in cells containing the photosensitizing agent, thereby promoting cell death.
- While PDT induced using a photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agent has been somewhat successful, it can be difficult to control the treatment area. In particular, the photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agent can accumulate in healthy tissues as well as the target tissue. In hair removal, for example, the photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agent is applied to the skin topically and is absorbed by both the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. As a result, application of light can cause phototoxicity to the epidermis, which can lead to long-lasting hyperpigmentation or epidermal necrosis.
- Accordingly, there is a need for improved methods and devices for photodynamic therapy that reduce or eliminate damage to the epithelial tissue while allowing treatment of underlying targeted tissue.
- The present invention generally provides methods and devices for controlling the application of PDT induced using a photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agent, and in particular for preventing damage to superficial tissue layers, such as the epidermis, during PDT. In one embodiment, the method includes the step of administering an agent to tissue surrounding a targeted treatment site such that a photosensitizing agent accumulates in the tissue. The agent can be a photosensitizing agent, or it can be a pre-photosensitizing agent which metabolizes into a photosensitizing agent as it accumulates in tissue. The method further includes the steps of irradiating the targeted treatment site to activate the in vivo photosensitizing agent to cause phototoxicity, while inhibiting phototoxicity in non-targeted tissue such that the non-targeted tissue is substantially unaffected. The present invention also provides a device that is effective to decrease local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood and/or to flush the tissue surface with nitrogen.
- While various techniques can be used to inhibit activation of the photosensitizing agent, e.g., to inhibit phototoxicity, in the non-targeted tissue, in an exemplary embodiment phototoxicity is inhibited by reducing the oxygen-content in the non-targeted tissue surrounding the targeted treatment site during the step of irradiating the treatment site. The oxygen-content can be reduced, for example, by applying an external vacuum to the non-targeted tissue, by flushing the non-targeted tissue with nitrogen gas, and/or by decreasing local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood to the non-targeted tissue.
- The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of a device for depriving epidermal tissue of oxygen in accordance with the present invention;FIG. 1B is a bottom view of the device shown inFIG. 1A ;FIG. 2A is a photograph of human skin showing the effect of reduced oxygen on the formation of PpIX in human skin treated with a 2% solution of ALA; andFIG. 2B is another photograph of human skin showing the effect of reduced oxygen on the formation of PpIX in human skin treated with a 2% solution of ALA.- During PDT, a photosensitizing agent or a pre-photosensitizing agent, such as ALA, is administered to the skin surface, e.g., the epidermal tissue, above a targeted treatment site. This allows the photosensitizing agent or pre-photosensitizing agent to be absorbed through the tissue and into tissue at the targeted treatment site, where the agent accumulates in tissue at the targeted treatment site. Where a pre-photosensitizing agent is used, such as ALA, the agent metabolizes into a photosensitizing agent, e.g., a photoactive species, such as the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), as it accumulates in the tissue. Upon the application of light having an appropriate wavelength, the photosensitizing agent absorbs the light and becomes phototoxic, releasing oxygen to destroy the cells. While ALA-induced PDT has proven effective, the photosensitizing agent or metabolized pre-photosensitizing agent can accumulate in both epithelial tissue and underlying targeted tissue, thereby potentially causing damage to non-targeted, healthy epithelial tissue. The present invention therefore provides methods and devices for preventing or reducing the likelihood of damage to epithelial tissue, such as the epidermis, during PDT, and in particular the present invention provides method and devices for protecting epithelial tissue during PDT in which phototoxicity of the photosensitizing agent is inhibited in non-targeted epithelial tissue during the application of light to a targeted treatment site.
- The methods and devices of the present invention can be used with a variety of photosensitizing agents and pre-photosensitizing agents, but in an exemplary embodiment, the methods and devices of the present invention are used with ALA-induced PDT, which is described in more detail in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0099094A1 entitled “Topical Aminolevulinic Acid-Photodynamic Therapy For The Treatment Of Acne Vulgaris.” As disclosed therein, ALA can be used in a variety of forms, including in a pharmacologically equivalent form, such as an amide or ester, or as a salt, such as hydrochloride salt, and it can be topically applied to the skin surface surrounding a targeted treatment site, which underlies the epidermal tissue at the skin surface, or it can be administered using other techniques known in the art. A light source, preferably red visible light having a wavelength in the range of about 320 nm to 700 nm, and more preferably about 25 nm to 200 nm, is applied to the targeted treatment site at a dosage of energy in the range of about 1 J/cm2to 200 J/cm2, and more preferably about 25 J/cm2to 200 J/cm2. Other suitable photosensitizing agents or pre-photosensitizing agents include, for example, porphyrins, chlorines, porphycenes, purpurins, phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, bacteriochlorins, benzophenothiazines, either as free agents or in combination with specific delivery agents such as in liposomes or as photosensitizer conjugates with targeting molecules, such as peptides, receptor ligands or antibodies.
- Conversion of the in vivo photosensitizing agent can be inhibited using a variety of techniques, but in an exemplary embodiment the oxygen-content in epithelial tissue, such as epidermal tissue, surrounding a targeted treatment site is reduced. PDT induced using a photosensitizing agent or a pre-photosensitizing agent, such as ALA, requires oxygen for the formation of the reactive oxygen species that destroy the cells when the tissue is irradiated. Thus, the epidermis can be protected during irradiation by reducing the amount of oxygen available to the skin cells in the epidermis. This can be achieved by, for example, spatially depleting the oxygen at the skin surface by flushing the area with nitrogen gas, and/or by decreasing local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood.
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate one embodiment of adevice 10 that can be used to deprive epidermal tissue of oxygen during PDT, thereby protecting the epidermal tissue while allowing PDT of the underlying dermal tissue. In general, thedevice 10 is adapted to be placed on a tissue surface to seal a portion of the tissue from the external environment. Achamber 12 within thedevice 10 can be coupled to avacuum 14 to decrease local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood, and/or thechamber 12 can be flushed with nitrogen to deprive the tissue surface of oxygen, thereby preventing phototoxicity to the epidermal tissue surface. Thedevice 10 is preferably used simultaneously with the application of light, and thus at least a portion of thedevice 10 is preferably formed from a material that is transparent to radiating light to allow the tissue underlying thedevice 10 to be treated while the tissue surface is deprived of oxygen.- While the
device 10 can have any shape, size, and configuration depending on the intended use,FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate adevice 10 in the form of a substantially circular housing defining achamber 12 formed therein. A bottom portion10b(FIG. 1B ) of thehousing 10 is adapted to be positioned on a skin surface, e.g., theepidermal tissue surface 18 as shown inFIG. 1A , such that theskin surface 18 is in communication with thechamber 12 and is sealed from the surrounding environment. While the bottom portion10bcan be open, a porous material, such as awire mesh 16 as shown, preferably extends there across. When at least a partial vacuum is created within thechamber 12, thewire mesh 16 allows the skin to deform there around (shown inFIG. 1A ) thereby reducing blood flow to the tissue. Thehousing 10 can also include a seal (not shown), such as an o-ring, formed on or disposed around a perimeter of the bottom portion10bto facilitate a secure seal between thehousing 10 and the tissue surface. - In use, the
housing 10 is positioned on the tissue surface above a targeted treatment site either after or simultaneously with the topical application of a photosensitizing agent. A vacuum or partial vacuum can then be applied to thechamber 12 and/or thechamber 12 can be flushed with nitrogen. The vacuum may be applied by a pump or manually, for example, using a syringe. As a result, the device is further sealed to the tissue by suction and blood flow near the tissue surface is reduced and the tissue is deprived of oxygen. Light exposure for photodynamic therapy is then administered. The photosensitizing agent located in the epidermal tissue is thereby prevented from becoming phototoxic when the tissue is irradiated with light. - The techniques of the present invention can be used in a variety of applications, and they can also be applied in combination with methods for preventing metabolism of a photosensitizing agent in epidermal tissue surrounding the targeted treatment site, as described in a U.S. Patent Application filed concurrently herewith and titled “Methods for Epidermal Protection During Photodynamic Therapy.”
- In an exemplary embodiment, the method is used during hair removal to establish an oxygen gradient with relative hypoxia in the interfollicular epidermis to decrease the phototoxic effects of PDT in this skin layer relative to the deeper-seated hair follicles, where phototoxicity is desired. This would allow for the enhanced efficiency of hair removal while minimizing side effects secondary to epidermal damage. Similarly, for acne treatment, epidermal damage would be minimized by allowing targeting of PDT to the deeper sebaceous glands. In another example, establishing a relatively hypoxic environment in the normal tissue surrounding cancerous skin cells would enhance the selectivity of PDT-mediated destruction of neoplastic cells.
- The followings examples serve to further illustrate the present invention.
- ALA was iontophoretically transferred into human skin, followed by incubation for 3 hours. Irradiation was then performed with a 635-nm diode laser on (a) a control, (b) a tourniquet applied to the extremity for 1 minute prior to and during irradiation, (c) a control, and (d) an external vacuum applied to skin. As shown in
FIG. 2A , the decreased oxygen in the skin (b) caused by the tourniquet was effective to remove hair, as compared to the control (a), and as shown inFIG. 2B , the decreased oxygen in the skin (d) caused by the external vacuum was effective to remove hair, as compared to the control (c). - One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate further features and advantages of the invention based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described, except as indicated by the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Claims (8)
1. A device for protecting non-targeted tissue during photodynamic therapy induced using a photosensitizing agent or a pre-photosensitizing agent, comprising:
a tissue-contacting member adapted to decrease local circulation and delivery of oxygenated blood to non-targeted tissue, at least a portion of the tissue-contacting member being transparent to allow light from an irradiating light source to pass therethrough during photodynamic therapy.
2. The device ofclaim 1 , wherein the tissue-contacting member comprises a housing having a chamber formed therein and adapted to be positioned in communication with non-targeted tissue.
3. The device ofclaim 2 , further comprising a vacuum coupled to the chamber for creating a vacuum force within the chamber to reduce blood flow to the non-targeted tissue.
4. The device ofclaim 3 , wherein the tissue-contacting member is further adapted to deform the non-targeted tissue to inhibit blood flow to the tissue.
5. The device ofclaim 4 , further comprising a porous material formed on a tissue-contacting portion of the housing such that, when a vacuum force is creating within the chamber, the non-targeted tissue deforms around the porous material.
6. The device ofclaim 5 , wherein the porous material comprises a wire mesh material.
7. The device ofclaim 2 , further comprising a nitrogen source coupled to the chamber for flushing the non-targeted tissue with nitrogen.
8. The device ofclaim 1 , further comprising a light source coupled to the tissue-contacting member for delivering irradiating light to the non-targeted tissue.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/695,669US20070173913A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2007-04-03 | Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US46293703P | 2003-04-15 | 2003-04-15 | |
| US10/709,121US7220778B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-04-14 | Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy |
| US11/695,669US20070173913A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2007-04-03 | Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US10/709,121DivisionUS7220778B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-04-14 | Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy |
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| US10/709,121Expired - Fee RelatedUS7220778B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-04-14 | Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy |
| US11/695,669AbandonedUS20070173913A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2007-04-03 | Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy |
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| US8651111B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2014-02-18 | David H. McDaniel | Photomodulation methods and devices for regulating cell proliferation and gene expression |
| US9017391B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2015-04-28 | L'oreal | Method and apparatus for skin treatment |
| US9108045B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2015-08-18 | The General Hospital Corporation | Method and apparatus for optical inhibition of photodynamic therapy |
| US9144690B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2015-09-29 | L'oreal | System and method for the photodynamic treatment of burns, wounds, and related skin disorders |
| US9192780B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2015-11-24 | L'oreal | Low intensity light therapy for treatment of retinal, macular, and visual pathway disorders |
| US9227082B2 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2016-01-05 | L'oreal | Method and apparatus for acne treatment using low intensity light therapy |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2004091531A2 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
| WO2004091531A3 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| US7220778B2 (en) | 2007-05-22 |
| US20040259854A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
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