US20070136592A1 - Wireless internet gateway - Google Patents

Abstract

A wireless Internet gateway which bridges the gap between the Internet and wireless devices, e.g., via a short message service center (SMSC). The disclosed wireless Internet gateway provides a portal to SMPP, HTTP, TNPP, or other protocol messages using Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) techniques. Application servers (e.g., in communication with the Internet or an Intranet) insert RMI objects containing messages in a message queue handler of the wireless Internet gateway. The RMI objects are queued and passed either directly to a destination delivery handler (e.g., SMPP, SMTP, HTTP or TNPP protocol handler), or passed through a generic destination interface to provide an additional layer of abstraction to simplify development of the support of other destination protocols. An SMTP handler may be integrated into the wireless Internet gateway to provide direct communication of SMTP protocol messages (i.e., e-mail) to the message queue. An SMPP link proxy module may be implemented to provide direct access between a local application server and the destination delivery handler. The SMPP link proxy module is particularly useful in the direction from the wireless network to the application server. From the generic destination interface the messages are packaged into relevant messages of the particular destination protocol (e.g., SMPP), and transmitted to the relevant network element (e.g., to an SMSC). The disclosed wireless Internet gateway is flexible in that it is easily developed to support any input protocol (using RMI techniques with a relevant application server providing the particular input protocol), and any output protocol developed to package messages from RMI message objects passed to a generic destination interface into the particular output protocol.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention
• This invention relates generally to wireless carriers, Internet service providers (ISPs), and information content delivery services/providers. More particularly, it relates to wireless telecommunications and wireless portals for routing messages from mobile devices to Internet destinations.
• 2. Background of Related Art
• Short Message Service Centers (SMSCs) deliver short messages through a wireless network. Typically they operate on highly valuable server platforms that are protected deep within a wireless carrier's network, and communicate via specialized protocols.
• FIG. 11 shows a conventional gateway providing Internet access to a wireless network through a short message service center (SMSC).
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 11, agateway900 translates between HTTP protocol messages from the Internet190 and SMPP protocol messages to wireless devices in awireless network130 via anSMSC120.
• Thegateway900 provides a portal between wireless networks and the Internet190. However, conventional portals between wireless networks and the Internet generally utilize either a proprietary operating system, or are developed to operate on a single operating system, e.g., WINDOWS NT™ or SOLARIS™. Moreover,conventional gateway900 architecture provides a communication path between fixed protocol types, e.g., between HTTP protocol messages and SMPP protocol messages. Separate gateway application programming interfaces (APIs) are developed to communicate with other protocol types. For instance, to allow communications between an application server on the Internet using HTTP protocol messages and a paging terminal using TNPP protocol messages, a new gateway API must be developed from point-to-point from the HTTP interface to the TNPP interface. This presents a tremendous amount of development work necessary to support new network elements, particularly wireless network elements.
• There is thus a need for a more flexible gateway architecture and method which provides interface capability without the need for the total redevelopment of separate gateways to support different types of message protocols.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description with reference to the drawings, in which:
• FIG. 1 shows exemplary connectivity for a wireless Internet gateway, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 shows an exemplary application programming interface (API) of a wireless Internet gateway including a short message queuing mechanism and abstracted generic destination interface, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 3 shows the inclusion of an SNMP manager in a wireless Internet gateway and direct communication between wireless devices and application servers, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 4 shows exemplary log and configuration files utilized by a wireless Internet gateway, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• Table 1 shows an exemplary sample gateway configuration file for a wireless Internet gateway, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 shows the provisioning capabilities of a wireless Internet gateway via a web page or from a remote wireless device, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 6 shows exemplary wireless Internet gateway support of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) mail server, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 7A shows an exemplary mail send/receipt process flow in the direction from a wireless Internet gateway towards a wireless handset, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 7B shows an exemplary mail send/receipt process flow in the direction from a wireless handset towards a wireless Internet gateway, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 8 shows a redundant configuration for wireless Internet gateways, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIGS. 9A to9C and10A to10C show an exemplary software module hierarchy and relationships for awireless Internet gateway100 implementing two-way messaging, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• FIG. 9B illustrates how messages would flow in an SMTP environment.
• FIG. 9C illustrates how messages would flow in an RMI scenario.
• FIG. 11 shows a conventional gateway providing Internet access to a wireless network through a short message service center (SMSC).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
• The present invention provides a wireless Internet gateway which bridges the gap between the Internet and wireless devices, e.g., via a short message service center (SMSC). The disclosed architecture is modular, and provides a generic destination interface to any of a plurality of destination devices of any of a variety of protocols. This reduces redevelopment efforts to those required only between the generic destination interface and the particular destination device, eliminating the need for redevelopment of the application programming interface (API) up to the generic destination interface.
• In a particular disclosed embodiment the wireless Internet gateway provides a portal to SMPP protocol messages using RMI techniques. However, the present invention has applicability to portals or gateways providing a communication path between RMI objects and any other type of wireless network messaging protocol.
• The disclosed embodiment of a wireless Internet gateway in accordance with the principles of the present invention receives SMPP messages on a wireless network side, translates those SMPP messages to RMI message objects, and re-transmits those RMI message objects to an application server having access to the Internet (or Intranet) (e.g., to an E-mail server, a chat server, voice messaging system, paging system, etc.). The wireless Internet gateway utilizes common protocols (e.g., SMPP) to allow operation with existing standard conforming wireless networks.
• In particular, the disclosed wireless Internet gateway is provided between the Internet using, e.g., HTTP protocols and a Short Message Service Center (SMSC) which communicates with wireless handsets over a wireless network using, e.g., SMPP protocols.
• Importantly, the wireless Internet gateway uses Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) techniques to communicate with relevant application servers using other transmission protocols of the Internet (or Intranet) (e.g., HTTP, SMTP relating to e-mail messages, etc.). The RMI techniques insert RMI message objects in the wireless Internet gateway, which are communicated to a generic destination interface. From the generic destination interface the messages are packaged into relevant messages of the particular destination protocol (e.g., SMPP), and transmitted to the relevant network element (e.g., to an SMSC).
• A wireless Internet gateway in accordance with the principles of the present invention effectively provides a shield for a wireless provider's short message service center (SMSC) from direct interaction with Internet clients. This provides a more secure environment from the perspective of the wireless provider, and allows the wireless provider the freedom to implement Internet access for wireless subscribers using existing otherwise non-Internet ready SMSCs.
• The disclosed wireless Internet gateway is flexible in that it is easily developed to support any input protocol (using RMI techniques with a relevant application server providing the particular input protocol), and any output protocol developed to package messages from RMI message objects passed to a generic destination interface into the particular output protocol.
• The standard protocol commands utilized by the disclosed wireless Internet gateway can be extended or added to software already existing in an SMSC or other appropriate element of a wireless system through the addition of an appropriate Application Programming Interface (API). Moreover, the wireless Internet gateway can serve as a messaging middleware layer for other applications.
• The wireless Internet gateway preferably is implemented so as to be capable of operating on a number of different platforms. One way of accomplishing this is by using software written in the Java programming language. In this way, any operating system or hardware platform that supports the Java run time environment can be used to support a wireless Internet gateway application. For instance, a wireless Internet gateway application written in Java may be implemented on most operating systems, including Linux, HP-UX, Netware, Solaris (Intel and Sparc), and NT.
• An important feature of the present invention is the use of Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) technology to provide an interface to other application servers, which in turn communicate over the Internet. In this way, application servers on the Internet are responsible for communicating over the Internet using other protocols (e.g., HTTP, SNMP, SMTP, etc.), or directly with a user. These application servers on the Internet each then communicate with a wireless Internet gateway utilizing RMI techniques implemented in an appropriate gateway Application Programming Interface (API). The disclosed gateway API is a collection of Java classes and their methods which use Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) technology to pass data between an application server in communication with the Internet and the wireless Internet gateway.
• Thus, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, as long as an application server in communication with the Internet communicates with the wireless Internet gateway using RMI techniques, the application server is free to utilize any other protocol on its front end to communicate over the Internet.
• FIG. 1 shows exemplary connectivity for a wireless Internet gateway, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 1, awireless Internet gateway100 together withappropriate application servers110a,110b,110cbridge the gap between an off-the-shelf (OTS) short message service center (SMSC)120 and theInternet190.
• TheSMSC120 communicates with network elements of awireless network130. TheSMSC120 communicates with thewireless Internet gateway100 using standard SMPP protocol commands.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 in turn communicates with the Internet via one or moreappropriate application servers110a,110b,110cpreferably using a Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) technique.
• Theapplication servers110a,110b,110cmay utilize any appropriate front end to communicate with other servers via theInternet190. For instance, oneapplication server110amay be configured to communicate over the Internet using HTTP protocols. HTTP protocols may be appropriate, e.g., when a wireless device in thewireless network130 desires to participate in a chat group hosted by achat server140 in communication with theInternet190. In such a case, thewireless Internet gateway100 will pass SMPP protocol messages with theSMSC120, with utilize RMI techniques with theappropriate application server110a, and theapplication server110awill translate the chat group postings into HTTP protocol messages for transmission via theInternet190 to thechat server140.
• Similarly, another application server may be configured with an appropriate application program to provide an SMTP front end presence on theInternet190 to thewireless Internet gateway100. In this way, wireless devices in thewireless network130 may send and receive E-mail using SMPP protocol messages from thewireless network130 to theSMSC120 and to thewireless Internet gateway100, which are passed to theappropriate application server110busing RMI techniques, and translated by theapplication server110bto the requisite SMTP protocol messages for transmission over theInternet190.
• Other application servers110cmay provide other types of front ends in communication with theInternet190, e.g., SNMP.
• The Internet front end protocol interfaces shown inFIG. 1 as being provided by application servers110a-110cmay alternatively be integrated into thewireless Internet gateway100. For instance, thewireless Internet gateway100 may include appropriate application programs and interfaces to provide an SMTP interface directly to theInternet190, avoiding the need for a separate application server110 for that purpose.
• Similarly, thewireless Internet gateway100 may include integrated front ends for HTTP and/or SNMP protocol communication links with theInternet190. Moreover, thewireless Internet gateway100 may interface directly with alocal chat server177.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 may have multiple provisions in its API for relaying data to and from the wireless devices in thewireless network130 to theapplication servers100. For instance, thewireless Internet gateway100 may implement a queuing technique that attempts guaranteed delivery to a relevant wireless device through multiple transmissions if necessary. An example of a suitable application for the queuing technique is E-mail.
• FIG. 2 shows an exemplary application programming interface (API) of a wireless Internet gateway including a short message queuing mechanism and abstracted generic destination interface, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 2, thewireless Internet gateway100 provides anRMI handler230 for handling receipt of RMI objects from RMI clients232 (i.e., application servers110). The RMI objects are inserted into aqueue handler200 by therelevant application servers232. Using RMI techniques, the particular front end protocol is ‘abstracted’ away from thewireless Internet gateway100 API.
• In addition to RMI objects, e-mail messages are processed by anSMTP handler240 as they are received and sent to Emailapplication servers242
• The queuing technique shown inFIG. 2 captures incoming messages into amessage queue205. The messages come from either RMI objects from the front end application servers110, or as E-mail into a built-in mail serverfront end function240 of thewireless Internet gateway100. Thus, E-mail messages fromappropriate E-mail clients242 on theInternet190 are received and processed by anappropriate SMTP handler240, and passed on to aqueue handler200.
• In the embodiment shown inFIG. 2, thewireless Internet gateway100 also includes a direct SMTP connection from alocal application server110dprovided by an SMPPlink proxy module297. The SMPPlink proxy module297 allows direct insertion and removal of SMPP formatted messages into aSMPP delivery module260.
• The integrated SMPPlink proxy module297 may communicate with theexternal application server110dusing any particular protocol. For instance, the SMPPlink proxy module297 may communicate with theexternal application server110dusing RMI techniques. Alternatively, the SMPPlink proxy module297 may communicate with the application server using, e.g., SMPP objects, etc. The application server may be, e.g., anotherwireless Internet gateway100.
• The SMPPlink proxy module297 is particularly useful for ‘listening’ to a particular port. A selected port can be monitored, and any/all messages sent to that port can be captured by the SMPPlink proxy module297, and passed to the local application server100dfor, e.g., printing, display, transmission via the Internet, etc.
• The SMPPlink proxy module297 is optional. As shown, the SMPPlink proxy module297 provides a mechanism for messages from thewireless network130 to be passed to aparticular application server110d, while thequeue handler200 is most efficient in passing messages fromapplication servers232 or e-mail application servers to a wireless device. However, thequeue handler200 can be implemented to handle messages in both directions to and from mobile devices.
• RMI objects inserted into thequeue handler200 by theRMI handler230 allows for a generic approach to the Internet side of thewireless Internet gateway100 separate from the particular protocol used (e.g., HTTP), whereas the use of a direct link such as the SMPPlink proxy module297 requires particular development and dedication to a particular protocol, e.g., to SMPP as shown inFIG. 2. While RMI techniques can be utilized for multiple application servers110 utilizing any of a number of different types of protocols on its front end, the direct technique dictates a protocol-specific implementation.
• Thequeue handler200 has access to amessage cache directory220, and to amessages database210. When a message arrives its contents are stored in themessage cache directory220, and details about the message are stored in themessages database210.
• Received messages are stored in the a.message queue205. Themessage queue205 orders the messages in an appropriate fashion, e.g., by their time of arrival.
• Aqueue monitor250 in communication with thequeue handler200 and themessage queue205 is responsible for removing a message from themessage queue205 and sending the same on to theSMSC120 via an appropriate SMPPdelivery application module260.
• If theSMSC120 acknowledges receipt of the message, the message is then removed from themessage cache directory220 and marked as sent in themessages database210. If, on the other hand, theSMSC120 fails to acknowledge the message, the message is copied from themessage cache directory220 and placed back onto themessage queue205 for a subsequent retransmission at the appropriate time. In this fashion, messages are retransmitted until they are received.
• A second exemplary provision of an API in awireless Internet gateway100 is the establishment and integration of a direct connection from a wireless Internet gateway to applications such as chat sessions. In particular, thewireless Internet gateway100 may communicate directly with a chat server using, e.g., RMI techniques.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 is capable of supporting features to give messages certain characteristics and/or to include particular information with a message. For instance, message priority, callback numbers and/or validity times may be included with messages handled by thewireless Internet gateway100.
• In particular, messages can be given a priority. When a message has a particular priority, the priority is signaled to theSMSC10, which in turn will expedite its delivery.
• Callback numbers may be inserted with a message by thewireless Internet gateway100. Callback numbers provide a service which generally makes it easier for a recipient to respond to a particular received message.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 may also mark messages with validity times. A validity time in a message allows a recipient to respond accordingly.
• When a response is received from the wireless device, thewireless Internet gateway100 passes the message directly to theapplication server100. This session occurs through RMI to provide for the addition of new direct communication servers such as chat servers and web page interfaces.
• When a short message of any type arrives at thewireless Internet gateway100, the short message is examined for its type and destination. The type and destination of the short message dictate how it is handled.
• For instance, if the received short message is an acknowledgement of a short message sent from thewireless Internet gateway100, then a receipt acknowledgement of the short message is sent to the source of the short message. As another example, if the received short message is an E-mail destined for transmission over theInternet190, then the E-mail message is passed to the relevant mobile E-mail application server (e.g., to the integratedSMPT mail server300 or to an externalSMTP application server110c), which in turn sends the E-mail message to a mail relayer for ultimate transmission over theInternet190.
• In a like fashion, each short message received by thewireless Internet gateway100 from a mobile device is sent to an appropriate (internally integrated or external) application server110 for processing, e.g., to anHTTP server110afor transmission over theInternet190, to anSMTP E-mail server300 for transmission over theInternet190, etc.
• The queue monitor250 may communicate directly to theSMPP delivery module260 utilizing appropriate SMPP protocol messages. However, to further abstract the particular protocol requirements away from thewireless Internet gateway100, ageneric destination interface271 may be inserted between the queue monitor250 (or other message source) and the destination handler.
• Thegeneric destination interface271 provides an interface between the particular protocol on the destination side of the wireless Internet gateway100 (e.g., SMPP as shown using the SMPP delivery module260), and the messages in themessage queue205. In this way, adaptation to other protocols need change only the support of thegeneric destination interface271 with respect to the destination handler (260-263).
• For instance, theSMPP delivery module260 may be replaced in thewireless Internet gateway100 with, e.g., anotherwireless Internet gateway261, anInternet gateway262, or apaging terminal263. While theSMPP delivery module260, thewireless Internet gateway261, theInternet gateway262, and thepaging terminal263 are all shown together inFIG. 2, this is for convenience of explanation only. The disclosed embodiment relates to the implementation of only one of the destination handlers260-263 in any onewireless Internet gateway100.
• FIG. 3 shows the monitoring and control of the status of awireless Internet gateway100 in accordance with the principles of the present invention using a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)manager600.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 3, SNMP acces to thewireless Internet gateway100 may occur through Management Information Base (MIB) objects. The SNMP access can be considered to occur in three levels of abstraction: thetop level 3 is theSNMP management console600, themiddle layer2 of abstraction includes theSNMP agent610, and thebottom layer1 of abstractoin includes thewireless Internet gateway100 and inserted RMI objects.
• When allowing direct communications between wireless devices and application servers, the relevant application server110 binds to thewireless Internet gateway100 and receives messages to and from the wireless device(s). These messages aren't queued but may be directly relayed from thewireless Internet gateway100 to theSMSC120 and the wireless device when they are received.
• The status of thewireless Internet gateway100 can be controlled and monitored by the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)manager600. For instance, theSNMP management console600 may initiate a status inquiry. TheSNMP agent610 inserts a query status RMI object into thewireless Internet gateway100, and the relevant status in thewireless Internet gateway100 is obtained.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 may communicate with theSNMP agent610 of anappropriate application server110bvia an RMI interface. TheSNMP agent610 of theapplication server110bin turn communicates to theSNMP Management Console600. Using this facility, thewireless Internet gateway100 may essentially become an SNMP device, and thus can be remotely monitored and managed, e.g., from theSNMP management console600 or remote scripts and programs.
• Using SNMP management, the number of active SMPP links can be seen, the last error examined and other configuration changes made. In this way, thewireless Internet gateway100 can be remotely reset if necessary or desired.
• SNMP access to thewireless Internet gateway100 may occur using Management Information Base (MIB) objects. Each MIB object defines an item to monitor or control. The MIB's may in turn be translated into Java code using a conventional SNMP development package. The generated Java code gathers an internal value of thewireless Internet gateway100, and makes it visible to theSNMP agent610. The code generated from an MIB object can also perform actions within thewireless Internet gateway100 and in so doing, affect the state of thewireless Internet gateway100 as desired.
• TheSNMP agent610 communicates using RMI protocol. Services requiring SNMP access preferably use methods defined by theSNMP agent610, which in turn communicates with theSNMP management console600 using SNMP protocol.
• SNMP traps, which reflect error or alert conditions in thewireless Internet gateway100, go through theSNMP agent610 for display on theSNMP management console600. Remote processes and scripts may also monitor these traps.
• Scripts and separate processes can talk SNMP remotely with thewireless Internet gateway100. The code generated from the MIB's provides the interface to do this. This allows other monitoring processes to watch thewireless Internet gateway100 and, for example, send notifications to an administrator if any problems occur. They send commands and configuration information as necessary also.
• FIG. 4 shows exemplary log and configuration files utilized by a wireless Internet gateway, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 4, thewireless Internet gateway100 may maintain message logs of its activity for local or remote monitoring. For instance, plain-text files may be made available to be accessed and viewed. As an example of a plain-text file, a message log may be accessed with atext viewer800, e.g., a web page server using a LogView Java servlet running on the host machine implementing the API of thewireless Internet gateway100.
• There are several files to which thetext viewer800 may provide access (e.g., read-only access). As shown inFIG. 4, they may comprise a systems log810, anaccounting log830, aSTDOUT log850, and aSTDERR log820.
• Thetext viewer800 can also show a configuration file840 for thewireless Internet gateway100. The systems logfile810 may contain messages describing the operation of thewireless Internet gateway100.
• Messages typically have a severity level associated with them, e.g., aseverity level 1 indicating a serious error andseverity levels 2 through 9 being of decreasing severity. Thetext viewer800 preferably filters and/or presents the messages based on their severity level.
• Theaccounting log file830 may contain a list of the messages sent through thewireless Internet gateway100.
• TheSTDERR log820 and STDOUT log files850 may contain messages from the API software of thewireless Internet gateway100, and may be used by the administrator of thewireless Internet gateway100 to determine if any program errors have occurred.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 can be statically configured at initialization time via the gateway configuration file840.
• Table 1 shows an exemplary sample gateway configuration file840 for awireless Internet gateway100, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• The gateway configuration file840 may set such parameters as, e.g., the maximum message length, message transmission timeout, host names, and/or wireless device access number ranges. The gateway configuration file840 may be a plain-text file which is created/modified with a standard text editor. The gateway configuration file840 may contain configuration parameters in a tagged data format. Tagged data format is a descriptive term describing the configuration item and the item's value.
• One parameter that may be configured in the gateway configuration file840 is a spam filter. Spam is unsolicited and unwelcome E-mail. By reading the spam configuration values as defined by appropriate spam parameters, thewireless Internet gateway100 can prevent too many messages from the same sender going to a particular recipient. Also, thewireless Internet gateway100 can prevent one sender from sending an excessive number of messages via thewireless Internet gateway100.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 may keep track of the number of messages a sender has sent and/or how many messages a particular recipient has received.
• If the configuration values are exceeded, a message may be sent to the systems log810. This provides, among other things, the ability for a wireless carrier to base a subscriber rate based on their own specifically monitored use of the Internet (e.g., on a number of messages sent and/or received via a wireless Internet gateway100).
• Support for internationalization may be included in thewireless Internet gateway100. For instance, responses to users can be configured to reflect the language in the local region where thewireless Internet gateway100 has been deployed. Internationalization may be implemented using Java property files and its internationalization APIs.
• As an example, to provide internationalization, the gateway configuration file840 might contain the following two lines:

  	LocaleLanguage	es	# ISO 639 language code
  	LocaleCountry	AR	# ISO 3177 country code

• This demonstrates how an administrator may specify which language and/or in which country thewireless Internet gateway100 will operate. If the locale parameters are not present in the gateway configuration file840, the language and country may default, e.g., to English (en) and the United States (US), respectively.
• The property files may include a corresponding es_AR string in the file name. For example, the SMPP.properties file (which implies en_US) may contain a number of possible error messages, e.g.:

  # ERROR/STATUS CODE DESCRIPTIONS

  	ErrorCode0=Message accepted
  	ErrorCode1=Message too long
  	ErrorCode2=Internal Error: SMPP Command too long
  	ErrorCode3=Internal Error: Invalid SMPP Command ID

• The SMPP_es_AR.properties file may include the following corresponding lines:

  # ERROR/STATUS CODE DESCRIPTIONS

  	ErrorCode0=Mensaje aceptado
  	ErrorCode1=Su mensaje es demasiado largo
  	ErrorCode2=Longitud de comando no válida
  	ErrorCode3=Identificación de comando no válida

• User parameters may be restricted. For instance, to control which parameters a customer can configure, thewireless Internet gateway100 may work with an encrypted license. The license may encapsulate a variety of parameters associated with a customer's license agreement.
• In particular, a third-party license generator may create a customer license in the form of an encrypted file containing all pertinent license information. This may be accomplished by running the license generator and providing it with the allowed configuration. An encrypted license file, e.g., smscgw.lic, may be deployed with thewireless Internet gateway100. Thus, when thewireless Internet gateway100 is started, it reads the license file and as it performs its functions, it may query the license properties and behave accordingly.
• FIG. 5 shows the provisioning capabilities of awireless Internet gateway100 via a web page or from a remote wireless device using an external SMPP(P)application server1000, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 5, SMPP Provisioning Protocol, also known as the SMPP(P) protocol, allows for the creation, modification and deletion of subscribers, paging subscribers and distribution lists within theSMSC120. Thewireless Internet gateway100 may have provisioning capabilities provided via a web page on an appropriate PC or other computer device operating aweb browser1030. Theweb browser1030 utilizes HTTP protocol messages to anappropriate HTTP server110a, which in turn communicates with the SMPP(P)application server1000, e.g., via theInternet190 or an Intranet.
• Alternatively, provisioning for thewireless Internet gateway100 may be provided from a remote wireless device such as a Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)phone1020.
• SMPP may be implemented as another application server110 using the RMI protocol as shown inFIG. 5 (or internally as shown inFIG. 2). In any case, thewireless Internet gateway100 handles transmission and receipt of SMPP(P) messages with theSMSC120.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 may include one or more integrated communication interfaces, e.g., simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP).
• FIG. 6 shows exemplary wireless Internet gateway support of a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) mail server, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 6, awireless Internet gateway100 including SMTP support includes an integratedSMTP mail server300 connected to theInternet190. E-mail is passed between the integratedSMTP mail server300 and the SMPPapplication programming interface260 of thewireless Internet gateway100.
• TheSMTP mail server300 shown inFIG. 7 may insert messages into themessage queue205 shown inFIG. 2 directly, without the need to utilize RMI techniques. However, thewireless Internet gateway100 may alternatively or additionally communicate using RMI techniques with a particular application server100cwhich provides e-mail services.
• The integration of theSMTP mail server300 into awireless Internet gateway100 allows mail fromstandard E-mail clients242 to be sent to thewireless Internet gateway100 and ultimately on to wireless devices serviced by theSMSC120 in communication with thewireless Internet gateway100. TheSMTP mail server300 translates messages between SMTP protocol messages between thewireless Internet gateway100 and theInternet190, and SMPP protocol messages between thewireless Internet gateway100 and theSMSC120.
• TheSMTP mail server300 may be part of the software constituting the application programming interface (API) of thewireless Internet gateway100, and preferably otherwise operates as a standard mail server.
• In operation, the disclosedSMTP mail server300 of thewireless Internet gateway100 monitors a mail port defined by a configuration file for thewireless Internet gateway100, and answers mail requests sent fromE-mail clients242. When anE-mail client242 sends an E-mail message to a wireless device serviced by theSMSC120, thewireless Internet gateway100 receives and queues the E-mail messagefl. Then, thewireless Internet gateway100 sends the E-mail message to therelevant SMSC120 using SMPP protocol for transmission to the relevant wireless handset in thewireless network130.
• The API of thewireless Internet gateway100 may also ensure that an E-mail message is truncated if necessary, e.g., if the E-mail message is longer than the currently configured maximum message length. In addition, or alternatively, the API of thewireless Internet gateway100 may be configured to break long E-mail messages up into several separate transmissions for transmission to theSMSC120 and on to the relevant wireless handset in thewireless network130.
• A user of a mobile device in awireless network130 including awireless Internet gateway100 in accordance with the principles of the present invention may initiate an E-mail message from their mobile device, and may receive a receipt therefore indicating that the destination has received and/or reviewed the E-mail message. In such a case, thewireless Internet gateway100 will send the mobile originated E-mail message to an appropriate E-mail server100cusing RMI (if external to the wireless Internet gateway100), and thatE-mail server110cwill accomplish delivery of the E-mail message.
• In the disclosed embodiment, communications between wireless devices and theSMSC120 of awireless network130 and thewireless Internet gateway100 utilize messages conforming to standard SMPP v3.3 protocols for mobile terminated (MT) communications, with the following exceptions in the case of mobile originated (MO) communications:
• • 1. The registered_delivery flag is utilized.
  • 2. A “$R” trigger exists in every message body indicating a source-unique tracking number.
  • 3. User responses are contained within the stat component of the standard delivery receipt.
  • 4. Message types are identified by the esm_class field.
• Alpha-numeric E-mail may be embedded in the source_addr field for a short message. In particular, E-mail addresses can be embedded in source_addr field for submit_sm messages, and in the destination_addr for deliver_sm messages. Such embedding provides an indication as to where the particular E-mail comes from, and where it should go. The conventional 20 character (or other length) limitation may be extended as necessary or desired for these particular fields.
• FIGS. 8A and 8B show exemplary scenarios describing interaction between a mobile device, itsSMSC120, and awireless Internet gateway100 as an SMPP client, in accordance with the principles of the present invention. In these exemplary scenarios, an E-mail message is communicated.
• Certain aspects of communications between mobile devices and the wireless Internet gateway are shown and described in co-owned U.S. Appl. No. 60/______ filed ______ by Richard A. Smith and Johanna Wilson, entitled “Short Messaging Service Center SMPP to HTTP Internet Communications”, the entirety of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
• FIG. 7A shows an exemplary message flow when awireless Internet gateway100 originates a short message requiring SME delivery acknowledgement and a response from the recipient, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 7A, awireless Internet gateway100 sends a message to a mobile wireless handset device, and requests two types of delivery feedback: (1) acknowledgement of when the user reads the message; and (2) a response code from the user.
• The message is derived from an E-mail message received from the Internet to an address, e.g., “MIN@[gateway]”. Thewireless Internet gateway100 supplies the sender's E-mail address so that it may be processed by the mobile wireless handset device.
• Note that in the preferred embodiment, thewireless Internet gateway100 will not request delivery feedback of any kind when submitting short messages for incoming E-mail.
• Instep1 ofFIG. 7A, the wireless Internet gateway generates a SUBMIT_SM message with key elements populated in the following way:

  service_type:	page
  source_addr:	[sender's E-mail address]
  destination_addr:	handset's MIN
  registered_delivery_flag:	12 (bits 2&3 enabled)
  short_message:	$R[13-bit gateway id]$M[E-mail body]

• If the registered_delivery_flag is 0 or 1, then the $R value is not required.
• Instep2 ofFIG. 7A, the SMSC sends a standard submit_sm_response message. The response is matched to the submit_sm by sequence number. The body contains the SMSC-generated tracking number.
• Instep3 ofFIG. 7A, the SMSC delivers the message to the mobile device in compliance with637A.
• Instep4 ofFIG. 7A, the user of the mobile device reads the message. A Delivery Ack is sent by the mobile device through the network to the SMSC.
• Instep5 ofFIG. 7A, the SMSC generates a Deliver_SM message to the wireless Internet gateway using a Delivery Receipt template. The “stat” portion of the delivery receipt may use identical values as the normal SMSC Delivery Receipt. In the given example, the value for the esm_class is 8 (bit3 enabled).
• The “text” portion of the delivery receipt will also include the $R trigger prior to any text, thus indicating the MO tracking number. This tracking number will be the same that was assigned by the original submit_sm instep1. A $M trigger following the $R value contains the first 20 characters of the original short message.
• As an example, the “text” portion may contain “$R9998$MThis was a MO test”.
• Instep6 ofFIG. 7A, the user of the mobile device responds to the received short message with a keypress or other action which results in the generation of, e.g., a value of “3”.
• Instep7 ofFIG. 7A, the SMSC generates a Deliver_SM message to the wireless Internet gateway again using the Delivery Receipt template. In the given example, the “stat” portion of the message contains the response code. e.g., “3”. The esm_class value is “16” (bit4 enabled).
• As withstep5, the “text” portion of the delivery receipt is in the format $R[ref #]$M[message text]
• The delivery feedback may be dependent on the registered_delivery_flag value. For example, a value of 8 (bit3 enabled) may cause only the User Response code to have been returned.
• FIG. 7B shows a mobile device originating a message requiring SME delivery acknowledgement and a user response as it interacts with a wireless Internet gateway, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 7B, a mobile device originates a message to the wireless Internet gateway, requesting both delivery receipt and a response code from the recipient. The short message could be submitted to an E-mail address and the mobile device can request a delivery receipt to ensure that the short message was delivered successfully.
• If desired, User Response codes need not be supported for mobile originated E-mails.
• Instep1 ofFIG. 7B, the mobile device generates a mobile originated short message addressed to a particular E-mail address.
• Instep2 ofFIG. 7B, the SMSC parses the destination address, determines that it is formatted like an E-mail address, and forwards it to the wireless Internet gateway over the SMPP (rx) connection.
• A Deliver_SM message is generated with the following key field values:

  	service_type:	page
  	source_addr:	[handset's MIN]
  	destination_addr:	[destination E-mail address]
  	registered_delivery_flag:	12 (bits 2&3 enabled)
  	short_message:	$R[new ref id]$M[message]

• The [new ref id] may be generated by the mobile device and forwarded by the SMSC through the $R trigger.
• Instep3 ofFIG. 7B the wireless Internet gateway generates a deliver_sm_resp code. This contains the internal tracking number of the wireless Internet gateway within the message body. The sequence number matches that of the Deliver_SM.
• Instep4 ofFIG. 7B, the wireless Internet gateway has ‘read’ the short message, and generates a delivery receipt to the SMSC. For example, it would generate a delivery receipt showing the result of an attempt to forward the E-mail message.
• The delivery receipt may be formatted as shown and described with respect to step5 inFIG. 7A. In particular, the “stat” field contains the status code and the “text” field contains the $R[ref id]$M[message] content. The Reference ID value is the same as received from the deliver_sm instep2 ofFIG. 7B. The esm_class is 8.
• Instep5 ofFIG. 7B, the delivery message is forwarded to the mobile device.
• Instep6 ofFIG. 7B, if the wireless Internet gateway were to provide a response code, it would generate a delivery receipt with the response code within the “stat” element and the esm_class=16. This would be passed through a submit_sm message to the SMSC. Of course, delivery receipt need not be implemented in any particular application.
• Instep7 ofFIG. 7B, the SMSC will forward the response code to the mobile device.
• FIG. 8 shows a redundant configuration forwireless Internet gateways100, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 8, awireless Internet gateway100 in accordance with the principles of the present invention can be configured to run redundantly on separate hardware platforms. In this environment, separate wirelessInternet gateway servers10,20 can be configured to share the workload of client processing and/or serve as hot-standby servers.
• A firstwireless Internet gateway10 provides communication between anSMSC120 and theInternet190. Similarly, a secondwireless Internet gateway20 provides communication between theSMSC120 and theInternet190. Anetwork redirector device1120 evenly distributes incoming traffic between the firstwireless Internet gateway10 and the secondwireless Internet gateway20.
• Each of the first and secondwireless Internet gateways10,20 are given access toseparate databases1110,1112 in which they each maintain information about their respective messages. The firstwireless Internet gateway10 can be designated as the primary device, with thecorresponding database1110 designated as the primary database. The secondwireless Internet gateway20 andcorresponding database1112 can be designated as secondary devices.
• As messages are processed on onewireless Internet gateway10,20, appropriate database software may synchronize information with the other database(s).
• Upon failure of a primarywireless Internet gateway10, thenetwork redirector1120 transparently routes the failed wireless Internet gateway's traffic to the remaining wireless Internet gateway(s)20. In this way, any pending messages from the failedwireless Internet gateway10 will not be lost because they will have been sent not only to thedatabase1110 corresponding to the failedwireless Internet gateway10, but also to the other database(s)1112 corresponding to the secondary, backup wireless Internet gateway(s)20.
• Redundant architecture such as that shown inFIG. 8 includes primary wirelessInternet gateway databases1110, and secondary wirelessInternet gateway databases1112 maintaining information about short messages.
• The first and secondwireless Internet gateways10,20 may ordinarily share the load imposed upon them. However, if onewireless Internet gateway10,20 should fail, its messages may be automatically redirected by thenetwork redirector1120 and then handled by one of the redundantwireless Internet gateways20.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 provides an abstracted mechanism for sending mobile terminated (MT) messages, where the MT delivery protocol is encapsulated from other GW software components. Using thegeneric destination interface271, two-way messaging may be implemented to support any relevant protocol, e.g., SMPP, Reflex, SNPP, SMTP, and other protocols.
• Two-way messaging may be enabled and disabled in the same way that the RemoteSMPP and other pieces are controlled. The configuration file840 may define whether or not two-way messaging is enabled, and/or an encrypted license file may also include permission to enable two-way messaging.
• FIGS. 9A to9C and10A to10C show an exemplary software module hierarchy and relationships for awireless Internet gateway100 implementing two-way messaging, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
• In particular, the exemplary two-way messaging software package hierarchy may be implemented, e.g., with a number of key components:
• TwoWayMessage708, which is an independent Message class for 2-way communication.
• ImessageReceiver706, which classifies objects able to receive TwoWayMessages.
• ImessageSender704, which classifies objects able to send TwoWayMessages.
• Registrar702, which facilitates connecting receivers and senders.
• AConfig class712 may be configured to interact with theRegistrar702 at runtime in order to dynamically assign sender/receiver relationships. A sender can have any number of receivers.
• Sub-packages define particular aspects of the 2-way capabilities. For example, an ‘smtp’ sub-package720 defines a Sender and Receiver that know how to send and receive SMTP 2Way Messages. TheTwoWayMessage class708 is abstract; subclasses provide details specific to particular protocols being used. This allows the handlers to set and retrieve protocol-specific parameters, while still allowing the messages to be treated in a generic manner.
• A ‘remote’package722 provides a mechanism for remote RMI objects to register as 2-way message receivers and senders. This approach is akin to the RemoteSMPP module, where external apps can register as SMPP listeners as well as originate SMPP messages into the wireless Internet gateway. However, this approach is preferable because it is not tied to a particular protocol.
• Protocol handlers within thewireless Internet gateway100, such as the SMTP handler240 (FIG. 2) and theSMPP Delivery module260 will interact with the two-way software modules. Thus, if a generic two-way feature is enabled in the config file840, then the SMTP and SMPP listeners will also forward (select) traffic through the two-way module to be delivered to potential listeners.
• The API software of thewireless Internet gateway100 preferably allows objects both within and external to thewireless Internet gateway100 to receive and send messages in a protocol independent manner.
• Integrating listeners and senders can be simplified and configurable at runtime through the use of the configuration file840. This is especially true of external applications that wish to register a listeners for particular message senders.
• Thewireless Internet gateway100 preferably gracefully handles ‘disconnected’ Remote applications. If an external application is stopped or re-started, thewireless Internet gateway100 preferably logs an error and cleans up all internal references occupied by the remote application.
• Using two-way messaging, a Mobile Terminated Receiver object may be made available in thewireless Internet gateway100 by which messages can be delivered into themessage queue205.
• FIG. 9B illustrates how messages would flow in an SMTP environment.
• In particular, as shown inFIG. 9B, a2WaySMTPListenerAgent730 implements anIMessageSender interface704. It is therefore able to send messages to whateverImessageReceivers706 might want to register with it. The2WaySMTPListenerAgent730 would be optionally created by a tcs.ain.smsgw.SMTPSession class. Whenever SMTP messages are sent to a particular address, they are sent to the2WaySMTPListenerAgent730 rather than delivered into themessage queue205.
• The2WaySMTPListenerAgent730 then forwards the message (step2.1) to eachIMessageReceiver object706 that had registered with it through the addReceiver( ) function in step1.1. When the2WaySMTPListenerAgent730 tells the receiver to process the message, it includes three parameters: itself (the Sender), a “Return Path”IMessageReceiver object706 through which responses can be made, and finally the message itself.
• In this example, the message is sent to ‘App’733, which implements both the sender and receiver interfaces. AfterApp733 receives and processes the message, it will want to send a response back. Reponses must be returned to the ‘return path’IMessageReceiver object706 that was provided when the message was received. SinceApp733 is also a sender, it can directly send the response message to the return path receiver.
• In this case, theSMTPDeliveryAgent735 is the receiver that had been specified. The message is received by the SMTPDeliverAgent735 (step3), and then forwarded back to the user.
• FIG. 9C illustrates how messages would flow in an RMI scenario.
• In particular, RMI is a bit more complicated, but similar in nature. As shown inFIG. 9C, aRemote2Way object740 brokers the ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ worlds. It ensures that references are cleaned up if the remote client should disconnect or fail. It also helps ensure that the core classes do not worry about RMI details at all. For every remote object that binds through theRemote2Way740, a local ‘proxy’ object is created which actually binds to the specified senders and relays messages back and forth through theRemote2Way740.
• As indicated previously, theRegistrar702 is used to facilitate connecting receivers to senders. This can be done by explicitly passing in sender and receiver objects to theregistrar702. However, one can also assign unique identifies to senders and receivers, and then reference either by their ID rather then by the actual object. This latter approach is useful for objects that need to be connected at runtime, as defined by a configuration file840.
• In the above scenario, theConfig object712 assigns an ID to a sender object. Aremote app741 then binds to the wireless Internet gateway'sRemote2Way interface740 and requests to be a listener for the sender with the same given ID.Remote2Way740 creates aProxyReceiver742 for the remote object, and then uses theRegistrar702 to register theproxyReceiver742 as a listener to the Sender with the specified ID.
• When the Sender sends a message, it will be delivered to theproxyReceiver742, which forwards it toRemote2Way740, which then goes to theremote object741. Theremote object741 can then reply with a message, which will be sent viaRemote2Way740 to theProxyReceiver742, which will ensure that it gets delivered to the ReturnPath Receiver that was originally specified when the Sender sent the message.
• Remote2Way740 also provides methods for originating new messages directly to senders. So, theremote app741 can do more than just reply.
• Awireless Internet gateway100 in accordance with the principles of the present invention is particularly useful for wireless carriers and/or Internet service providers (ISPs). For instance, awireless Internet gateway100 can also be used within the Enterprise and ISP markets to provide a single point of entry for short message system (SMS) delivery to multiple wireless carriers. This is detailed in a co-owned U.S. Appl. No. 60/______ filed ______ by Richard Smith, and entitled “Web Gateway Multi-Carrier Support”, which in its entirety is explicitly incorporated herein by reference.
• While the invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications to the described embodiments of the invention without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1-28. (canceled)

29. A method of providing an encrypted license to a system user, comprising:

establishing at least one adjustable parameter having a maximum range for said system;

encrypting a license file with an enablement of said adjustable parameter; and

limiting a range of said adjustable parameter using said encrypted license file, within said maximum range based on a level of use granted to said system user.

30. The method of providing an encrypted license to a system user according toclaim 29, wherein:

said system is a wireless Internet gateway.

31. Apparatus for providing an encrypted license to a system user, comprising:

means for establishing at least one adjustable parameter having a maximum range for said system;

means for encrypting a license file with an enablement of said adjustable parameter; and

means for limiting a range of said adjustable parameter using said encrypted license file, within said maximum range based on a level of use granted to said system user.

32. The apparatus for providing an encrypted license to a system user according toclaim 31, wherein:

said system is a wireless Internet gateway.

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