US20070010839A1 - Load-controlled device for a patterned skin incision of constant depth - Google Patents

Abstract

A skin incision device has a casing with a bottom surface and a slot formed therein, a cover positioned on the casing and slidable in a direction toward the bottom surface, a blade positioned in the casing adjacent the slot, an actuator cooperative to a position between the cover and interior of the casing, and a carriage. The actuator engages the blade by its horizontal displacement triggered by slidable movement of the cover toward the bottom surface of the casing. The carriage element guides movement of the blade between a pre-actuated position and a post-actuated position. The blade extends outwardly of the bottom surface with a fixed depth of cut during a horizontal movement of the blade through the slot.

Description

RELATED U.S. APPLICATIONS
• The present application is a continuation-in-part application pending priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/792,025, filed on Mar. 3, 2004, and entitled “Load-Controlled Device for a Patterned Skin Incision”, presently pending. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/792,025 is a continuation-in-part application claiming priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/628,199, filed on Jul. 28, 2003 and entitled “Load-controlled Auto-actuated Skin Incision Device”, presently pending.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
• Not applicable.
REFERENCE TO MICROFICHE APPENDIX
• Not applicable.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates to medical devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to devices for incising the skin. In particular, the present invention relates to internal actuators for skin incising devices which apply a controlled load and a constant force during the incising operation for a patterned incision. Additionally, the present invention relates to skin incising devices that create an incision of constant depth regardless of the force applied to the device.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• In the medical field, it is a very common procedure, and often very necessary, to conduct a bleeding time test which measures the time required for the cessation of bleeding following a skin incision. This test is medically important because extended or prolonged bleeding time can be associated with, for example, a lack of or a great excess of platelets, abnormality of platelet function, coating of platelets by specific proteins or foreign materials or the action of certain drugs; e.g., aspirin.
• Although the bleeding time test procedure was first described approximately ninety years ago, it did not receive general acceptance until the 1940's at which time the test's sensitivity was increased by making a skin incision on the forearm of the patient while maintaining a blood pressure cuff inflation to maintain venostas is at a standardized level. Using this procedure, a technologist simultaneously starts a stopwatch while making the incision. The emerging blood is then gently blotted every thirty seconds. The cessation of bleeding is defined as the time at which the blotting paper is no longer stained by the emerging blood. This amount of time is generally recorded to the nearest half minute.
• Disposable bleeding time devices were first introduced in 1978 to facilitate automation and convenience. These devices improved the acceptance of the test by both the patient and the operator. However, the results were still subject to a variety of technical variables. Additionally, these devices were significantly more expensive than previous methods. This hindered the acceptance of such devices in many countries around the world. Importantly, different disposable devices evolved over time which were functionally quite dissimilar so that the results were not comparable. Thus, standardization remained an elusive goal in bleeding time testing.
• An important bleeding time testing device is known as the TRIPLETT (™) bleeding time testing device. This was named after the noted physician in blood coagulation and hematopathology, Dr. Douglas Triplett. This device is presently manufactured and sold by Helena Laboratories of Beaumont, Tex. This device met the goal of global standardization in bleeding time testing and utilizes advanced technology at a universally affordable price. This was a product that provided a new level of value to automated, disposable bleeding time devices. This TRIPLETT (™) bleeding time testing device was designed to be user and patient friendly, virtually painless, and to mimic the incision motion of the original bleeding time method. The device makes a standardized surgical incision one millimeter deep by five millimeters long for accurate sensitive bleeding time testing. The blade automatically retracts after incisions so as to ensure safety. The device includes a large contact surface that distributes the downward force over a wider area of skin so as to reduce the potential for deep non-standardized cuts. This device is presently subject to patent protection under U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,662,672 and 5,733,300.
• In the past, various U.S. Patents have issued in association with devices for creating incisions in skin. There is a wide variety of inventions specifically geared toward creation of skin incisions for use in the medical field for blood sampling and bleeding time testing. U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,769, issued on Aug. 20, 1985 to Burns, discloses an automatic retractable lancet assembly that includes a housing with a sharp-pointed lancet movably mounted therein. A depressible plunger and slide mechanism actuates the movement of the lancet outwardly from the housing, which is an elongate cylinder.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,333, issued on Jun. 18, 1996 to Nikkels et al., presents a disposable blood sampling device for a precise incision of predetermined length and depth in the skin of a patient. A trigger is slidably disposed in the opening in the top surface of the device, which is generally cylindrical in shape. A single spring, only, is extended by the trigger when the device is actuated.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,529,581, issued on Jun. 25, 1996 to Cusack, also teaches a lancet device and associated method used for obtaining a blood sample from a patient. A slotted aperture is formed through a safety housing in the region of the housing placed against the skin. An invertible spring member is a curved structure that automatically inverts into a generally oppositely curved orientation when the invertible spring member is flattened by a predetermined degree. U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,940, issued on Aug. 25, 1998 to Mawhirt et al., describes a device for making an adjustably sized incision in skin. The device comprises a housing having a slotted opening; a blade; a triggering mechanism and an incision size adjusting mechanism associated with the housing for selectively adjusting the size of the incision.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,395,388, issued on Mar. 7, 1995 to Schraga, describes a single use disposable lancet device including a generally cylindrical housing wherein a spring is contained, the spring including a first end fixed within the housing and having a movable second end zone with a pointed blade or terminal end, the second end zone being movable relative to a normal position with the pointed terminal end contained within the housing and adjacent a first opening in the housing.
• A study of the prior art also reveals a number of low-cost devices for creating incisions in skin. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,851,215, issued on Dec. 22, 1998 to Mawhirt et al., teaches a low-cost safety lancet for creating a skin incision. The lancet contains a unitarily formed plastic body, thereby making the lancet device easy to manufacture at a low cost. The lancet device includes a blade beam having a cutting blade disposed at one end for generating an incision in a patient's skin. U.S. Pat. No. 5,584,846, issued on Dec. 17, 1996 to Mawhirt et al., presents another low-cost safety lancet for creating a skin incision. The lancet contains a unitarily formed plastic body, containing a resilient spring loop that attaches an arm element to an opposing base element. A blade is disposed on the arm element.
• Finally, a number of U.S. Patents have issued in this field of art using an enclosed spring structure. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,064,871, issued on Dec. 27, 1977 to W. J. Reno, teaches a bleeding time testing device that includes a housing having a surface with a slot defining a longitudinal opening into the housing. A blade is mounted within the housing for movement of the blade tip through and along the slot. Biasing springs are provided within the housing to urge the blade through the slot a predetermined distance and along the slot for a predetermined length to control the depth and length of an incision produced with the device. A trigger is provided to initiate movement of the blade along with a safety pin to prevent the inadvertent activation of the device.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,314,441, issued on May 24, 1994 to Cusacketal., presents a lancet device with a blade support arm pivotably secured within a hollow housing. The pivot connection between the blade support arm and the housing is formed by a pivot pin, which is free to reciprocally move within the slot receptacle. The rotation of the blade support arm about the pivot pin is implemented by a bias spring. The blade of the device implements an incision and is again retracted into the housing traversing a “tear drop” shaped path.
• U.S. Pat. No. 6,221,089, issued on Apr. 24, 2001 to Mawhirt et al., teaches a device for making an incision in skin, having a housing with a slotted opening, and a triggering mechanism disposed within the housing for propelling a blade coupled thereto, through the slotted opening of the housing to make an incision in the skin. The triggering mechanism includes a finger engageable trigger located external to the housing for actuating the triggering mechanism and a spring anchoring assembly for automated machine arming the device after the triggering mechanism has been assembled into the housing.
• One of the problems associated with the use of the TRIPLETT (™) device is that the force applied to actuate the device is off-center from the location at which the blade emerges from the cutting surface. As such, variations of pressures applied to the device can occur. As a result, the bleeding time testing can have a lack of consistent testing. Angular deflections of the cutting surface can also occur by the off-center application of pressure to the actuator of such cutting device. As such, a need has developed for a device for actuating such blood acquisition devices such that the pressure of actuation will be directly above the location of the incision.
• It is an object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device that will not make the incision until a controlled vertical force is applied against the subject tissue.
• It is another object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device that removes the variations of force that are applied by different operators at the time the incision is performed.
• It is another object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device which allows the actuation force to be easily altered by a modification of an actuator means for the purpose of requiring different actuating forces to be provided.
• It is a further object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device which can be assembled with no force required to load the components which interact to produce the incision.
• It is a further object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device in which the blade is propelled by a designed controlled interaction of internal components which creates a slicing into, across and slicing out of subject tissue for the purpose of minimizing the trauma to the subject tissue.
• It is a further object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device in which a consistent patterned incision of constant depth can be made by the blade.
• It is an further object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device in which the blade creates an incision of constant depth during a horizontal movement of the blade.
• It is another object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device which reduces the introduction of undesirable components of the skin tissue into the incision area and blood sample.
• It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device that promotes rapid healing of the incision location.
• It is still another object of the present invention to provide a skin incision device which has a concurrent action at the incision which locks the device and prohibits the ability of the device to be reloaded for additional uses.
• It is a further object of the present invention to provide a device which is easy to use, relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture.
• These and other objections of the present invention will become apparent from a reading of the attached specification and appended claims.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention is a skin incision device that has a casing with a slot formed at a bottom surface thereof, a cover positioned on the casing and slidable in a direction transverse to a plane of the bottom surface of the casing, a blade pivotally positioned within the casing generally adjacent the slot, an actuator positioned within the casing, and a carriage anchored within the casing and pivotally attached to the blade. The actuator is actuatable by slidable movement of the cover toward the bottom surface of the casing and converts transverse movement of the cover into horizontal movement of the actuator. The horizontal movement of the actuator causes the actuator to engage the blade at a pre-actuated position through a post-actuated position such that at least a portion of the blade extends outwardly of the slot during the movement between the pre-actuated position and the post-actuated position. The carriage guides movement of the blade from the pre-actuated position through the post-actuated position such that the blade extends outwardly of the bottom surface with a fixed depth regardless of a force applied to the cover.
• In the present invention, the carriage includes an arcuate member, a cam formed at an end of the arcuate member so as to be pivotally attached to the blade, and an anchor end formed at an opposite end of the arcuate member from the cam. The anchor end is affixed to the casing. The fixed depth is set by a distance between a surface of the cam and the anchor end. The casing has a guide member formed on an inner surface thereof. The cam has a surface thereon contacting the guide member during the movement of the blade between the pre-actuated position and the post-actuated position. The cam member has a surface contacting the guide member and another surface contacting the anchor end when the blade is at the fixed depth.
• In the present invention, the casing has a pin member formed therein. The anchor end rotatably mounted over the pin member.
• The blade of the present invention includes a razor member having a cutting edge, a retaining hole positioned adjacent an end of the blade, and an elongated hole positioned adjacent an opposite end of the blade. The cam is pivotally affixed to the retaining hole. The elongated hole is rotatably interconnected to the casing. In particular, the casing has a blade retainer peg formed therein adjacent the slot of the casing. The elongated hole of the blade is positioned on the blade retainer peg. Specifically, the elongated hole is an obround aligned with a longitudinal axis of the blade. The anchor end is positioned between the blade retainer peg and the cam.
• The blade extends outwardly of a bottom surface of the casing for a constant distance during horizontal movement of the blade between the pre-actuated position and the post-actuated position.
• In general, the present invention is a device for making a standard incision in skin tissue for the purpose of blood acquisition. The present invention is a single-use/disposable device which includes the slot for the purpose of allowing the blade to travel out of the device to form the incision and then retracting back into the housing of the device. The movable cover travels in a downward motion so as to apply a constant pressure against the skin during actuation of the blade. The knuckle of the actuator will release from the release seat and contact the blade when a controlled load limit is achieved. When a controlled load limit is achieved, downward pressure of the cover is converted by the actuator into horizontal movement of the knuckle at an end of the actuator. The horizontal motion of the knuckle engages the blade at the pre-actuated position. As the knuckle moves horizontally, the blade is moved from the pre-actuated position to the post-actuated position. The carriage guides the blade during movement by the cam pivotally attached to the blade. The interaction of the surfaces of the cam against the guide member of the casing propels the razor member out of the housing, through the skin, and back into the housing in a very controlled action. This controlled action of the razor member is such the razor member is slicing upon entry into the skin, guided horizontally while at fixed depth, and slicing upon exiting the skin. This action of slicing, both entering and exiting, will minimize the trauma to the skin, will reduce the introduction of undesirable elements of the skin tissue into the incision and blood sample, and will promote the rapid healing of the incision location.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is an outer perspective view of the skin incision device of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the skin incision device showing the cover and the casing.
• FIG. 3 is an interior elevation view of the interior structure of skin incision device of the present invention as shown in its pre-actuated position. The blade and cover are shown in broken lines.
• FIG. 4 is an interior elevation view of the interior structure of the skin incision device of the present invention showing the device in its movement between the pre-actuated position and the post-actuated position. The blade and cover are shown in broken lines.
• FIG. 5 is an interior elevation view of the interior structure of the skin incision device of the present invention showing the device in its post-actuated position. The blade and cover are shown in broken lines.
• FIG. 6 is another interior elevation view of interior structure of the skin incision device of the present invention showing another panel of the casing shown inFIGS. 3-5. The blade and cover are shown in broken lines.
• FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged perspective view of the cam of the carriage of the skin incision device of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• Referring toFIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown theskin incision device10 in accordance with the teachings of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Theskin incision device10 includes acasing12 having abottom surface14 and acover16 slidably positioned on thecasing12. Thetop cover16 is slidable in a direction transverse to a plane of thebottom surface14. Thecasing12 can have afirst panel9 and asecond panel11.
• Thecasing12 has a generallyopen end18 opposite thebottom surface14. Thecasing12 hassides20 and22 extending upwardly from thebottom surface14. Thecover16 extends over theopen end18 of thecasing12 and has awall24 extending over at least a portion of theside20 of thecasing12. Theside20 has abarb26 extending outwardly therefrom. Thewall24 has afirst retaining slot28 and second retainingslot30 formed above thefirst retaining slot28. As can be seen inFIG. 1, thebarb26 engages thefirst retaining slot28.
• InFIG. 1, thedevice10 is shown in its pre-actuated position. Ultimately, thebottom surface14 will be placed upon the surface of the skin and thecover16 will be pressed downwardly toward thebottom surface14. As a result, thebarb26 will free itself from thefirst retaining slot28. When thedevice10 has incised the skin and the blade is retained in its post-actuated position, thebarb26 will then be retained within thesecond retaining slot30. As a result, thebarb26 prevents reuse of thedevice10. Within the concept of the present invention and as shown inFIGS. 3-5, it is important to note that anotherbarb42 can also be placed on theopposite side22 ofcasing12 so as to suitably engage corresponding first retainingslot37 and second retainingslot39 formed on theopposite wall34 of thecover16.
• InFIGS. 1 and 2, thecover16 is also shown with triangularly-shapedprotrusions32 that can be used for gripping thedevice10. The triangular shape of theprotrusions32 further indicates the centerline of travel of therazor blade38. Theprotrusions32 may similarly be located on the opposite side of thecover16. Thecasing12 is also shown with a plurality ofridges35 extending from theopen end18 of thecasing12. Theridges35 may guide and align downward movement of thecover16 along thecasing12. Cooperative structures along the interior surface of thecover16 may engage theridges35 to align thecasing12.
• FIGS. 3-5 show the interior structure and working components of thedevice10 of the present invention in sequential order from a pre-actuated position (FIG. 3), transition between positions (FIG. 4) and the post-actuated position (FIG. 5). Each of theFIGS. 3-5 show theblade38,actuator46 andcarriage58 of the present invention as positioned within thecasing12.FIGS. 3-5 show views of thefirst panel9 of thecasing12, andFIG. 6 shows a view of thesecond panel11 of thecasing12.
• In particular, in theFIGS. 3-5, it can be seen that thecasing12 has aslot36 formed on thebottom surface14 thereof. Ablade38, indicated in broken lines, is positioned in theinterior40 of thecasing12 generally adjacent to theslot36 and to thebottom surface14. Thecasing12 also has aside20 extending upwardly from thebottom surface14 and anotherside22 extending upwardly from thebottom surface14. Abarb26 is secured to theside20 ofcasing12. Anotherbarb42 is secured to theside22 ofcasing12. Thecover16 is shown in broken lines.
• As can also be seen inFIG. 1, thebarb26 engages thefirst retaining slot28 on thewall24 ofcover16. Thebarb42 engages a corresponding first retainingslot37 formed on thewall34 of thecover16. As a result, thecover16 will reside in its pre-actuated position.
• InFIGS. 3-5, thecasing12 is presented with arelease seat13, aguide member15, and acapture seat17 all made integral with an inner surface of thecasing12. Therelease seat13 retains theknuckle56 of theactuator46 when theblade38 is in the pre-actuated position (FIG. 3). Theguide member15 is illustrated as a generally L-shaped member integral with thecapture seat17. However, theguide member15 is actually the end surface of this L-shaped member, along which the surfaces ofcam64 contact. This end surface ofguide member15 slidably contacts thecam64 of thecarriage58 when theblade38 moves from the pre-actuated position to the post-actuated position (FIG. 4). Thecapture seat17 retains theknuckle56 of theactuator46 at the post-actuated position (FIG. 5). Theknuckle56 of theactuator46 is retained in thecapture seat17 so as to prevent re-setting theactuator46 for more than one use. The cooperation of thebarb26 and retainingslot30 and thebarb42 and retainingslot39 also serves to prevent re-use. An alternative lock member may also be positioned within theinterior40 of thecasing12.
• FIGS. 3-5 also show thecasing12 with asupport member19 made integral with an inner surface of thecasing12 and positioned adjacent theopen end18 of thecasing12. Thesupport member19 is in slidable contact with thestem41 of theactuator46 within thecasing12 during the transverse movement of thecover16 when theblade38 moves from the pre-actuated position to the post-actuated position. Thesupport member19 is in the form of a pair of parallel blocks arranged in parallel spaced relation. The stem has abulbous head43 at an end thereof so as to prevent outward movement of thestem41 from thesupport member19. This arrangement facilitates the installation and assembly of theactuator46 within thecasing12. In particular, theactuator46 can be installed in a pre-actuated configuration by way of the retention of thestem41 in thesupport member19.
• As shown inFIG. 6, theskin incision device10 of the present invention has acasing12 comprised of a first panel9 (shown inFIGS. 3-5) and a second panel11 (FIG. 6) that are joined together. Thesecond panel11 fixably connects to thefirst panel9 and defines theslot36 between thefirst panel9 and thesecond panel11 at respective bottom surfaces14 thereof. The structures of thecasing12 can be positioned on eitherfirst panel9 orsecond panel11, includingbarbs26 and42 onrespective sides20 and22 thereof. Thesecond panel11 haspins5 that are received withinpin holes7 of thefirst panel9 so as to secure thepanels9 and11 together and for a chamber orinterior volume40 therein.FIG. 6 shows theblade38 in broken lines in thesecond casing11 during horizontal movement from the pre-actuated position to the post-actuated position corresponding to the view of thefirst casing9 inFIG. 4.
• InFIGS. 3-5, it can also be seen that anactuator46 has atop edge48 cooperative with aninner surface63 of thecover16. Thetop edge48 is in abutment with theinner surface63 of thecover16 during movement of theblade38 from the pre-actuated position (FIG. 3) to the post-actuated position (FIG. 5). Theactuator46 has a resilient curved member45 (in the form of a leaf spring) which will extend downwardly in a curved manner through theopen end18 of thecasing12. The terminal opposite end of theactuator46 hasknuckle56 formed thereon. Theactuator46 can be suitably changed, replaced, altered, or otherwise manipulated so as to accommodate greater or lesser forces as required for the skin incision process. Typically, the thickness of the resilientcurved member45 and material selection of theactuator46 will control the threshold amount of force to activate theblade38.
• Theknuckle56 is fixed by thecasing12 when theblade38 is in the pre-actuated position at therelease seat13 shown inFIG. 3. Theresilient member45 will bend outwardly so as to contact anupper edge47 of therelease seat13. This contact will cause theknuckle56 to push upwardly and outwardly out of thenotch65 on the top surface of therelease seat13. Theknuckle56 contacts theblade38 alongedge67 during movement of theblade38 from the pre-actuated position to the post-actuated position shown inFIG. 4. Simultaneously and as shown inFIG. 6, there is aknuckle travel pocket49 made integral with thesecond panel11 of thecasing12. Theknuckle travel pocket49 guides the movement of the knuckle from therelease seat13 to thecapture17. Theactuator46 is prevented from interfering with other structures within the interior40 by using theknuckle travel pocket49 to stop extension of theknuckle56 andresilient member45 into the other structures in thecasing12, such as thecam64. Thecasing12 eventually retains theknuckle56 in the post-actuated position at thecapture seat17 shown inFIG. 5.
• Thecarriage58 has a unique configuration within thecasing12. In particular, thecarriage58 has an anchoredend60 rotatably attached to a pin member of thecasing12, anarcuate member62 extending from theanchored end60, and acam64 positioned on a terminal end of thearcuate member62. Thecam64 is pivotally attached to theblade38 at thepivot point108 and guides the outward movement of theblade38 from theslot36 and from the pre-actuated position shown inFIG. 3. Thecam64 causes a horizontal movement of theblade38 after the outward movement by slidably contacting asurface104 of thecam64 against the bottom surface of theguide member15 of thecasing12, as shown inFIG. 4. Thecam64 also guides an inward movement of theblade38 toward theslot36 to the post-actuated position ofFIG. 5. Thearcuate member62 may be a resilient member which springingly retracts theblade38 vertically inward of theslot36. Thecam64 typically has a curved shape rotatable around thepivot pin108 attached to theblade38.
• FIG. 7 shows a partial enlarged perspective view of thecam64 of thecarriage58 of theskin incision device10 of the present invention. Thecam64 is shown with thepivot pin108 on an end of thecam64 which is rotatably attached to the retaininghole78 of theblade38. Thecam64 has aflat back surface106 which makes surface-to-surface contact with theguide member15 in the pre-actuated position, a curvedupper surface104 corresponding to the travel path of theblade38, and a flatforward surface102 which pulls thecam64 off theguide member15 in the post-actuated position. As a result, thecam64 pulls theblade38 upward and prevents re-setting of theblade38 in the pre-actuated position for more than one use. The flatforward surface102 resides against the back of theguide member15.
• Theblade38 includes arazor member76 having a cuttingedge77 formed at a lower end of theblade38. Additionally, a retaininghole78 is positioned adjacent an opposite end of theblade38 such that thepivot pin108 extending from thecam64 of thecarriage58 is cooperatively received within the retaininghole78. Thecarriage58 pivotally guides the movement of therazor member76 between the pre-actuated position and the post-actuated position. Theblade38 further comprises anelongated hole80 positioned between the retaininghole78 and therazor member76 of theblade38. Theelongated hole80 is rotatably attached to thecasing12 for anchoring theblade38. The casing has ablade retainer peg82 formed therein adjacent theslot36 of thecasing12. Theelongated hole80 of theblade38 is positioned on theblade retainer peg82 such that theblade38 is pivotally and slidably anchored to thecasing12. Theelongated hole80 may be of an obround shape in theblade38 so as to be in generally pivotable and slidable relationship on theblade retainer peg82.
• Theblade38 also has a first pivot point at theelongated hole80, which is connected to thecasing12 and a second pivot point at the retaininghole78 attached to thecarriage58. At the first pivot point, theblade38 is in cam-relation to thecasing12 and rotatable on thecasing12 during movement of theblade38 from the pre-actuated position to the post-actuated position. The first pivot point of theblade38 can also be an obround formed therein, the obround positioned over a blade retainer peg of thecasing12.
• FIGS. 3-5 show thedevice10 withblade38 movement between the pre-actuated position and the post-actuated position in sequential order. In particular, inFIG. 3, it can be seen that thecover16 is been pressed downwardly upon thecasing12. Theinner surface63 of thecover16 contacts thetop edge48 of theactuator46. As a result, thebarbs26 and42 will be released from the respective first retainingslots28 and37 to be received within the respectivesecond retaining slots30 and39 of thecover16. Themovable cover16 travels in a downward motion and applies constant pressure against the skin during the actuation of theblade38. The actuator46 contacts theinner surface63 of thecover16 as it is actuated when a controlled load limit is achieved.
• When a controlled load limit is achieved during the vertically downward pressure of thecover16, it can be seen inFIG. 4 andFIG. 6 that theresilient member45 of theactuator46 becomes suitably compressed by the downward movement of thecover16 relative to thebottom surface14 ofcasing12. The resilient curved portion of theactuator46 will become distorted or distended such that theknuckle56 is freed from therelease seat13 of the casing and is displaced horizontally from its pre-actuated position.FIG. 6 shows that theknuckle56 upwardly pivots by cantilever action of theresilient member45 having a fulcrum point at theupper edge47 of therelease seat13. Theactuator46 has a lever action with theknuckle56 at the end of theresilient member45. The horizontal motion of theknuckle56 engages thecontact surface67 of theblade38 at the pre-actuated position. As theknuckle56 moves horizontally in abutment to thecontact surface67 of theblade38, the movement of theblade38 is triggered from the pre-actuated position to the post-actuated position. InFIG. 6, theknuckle travel pocket49 of therelease seat13 is also in surface-to-surface contact with theknuckle56 so as to guide the movement of theknuckle56. Theresilient member45 and theknuckle56 are distended or distorted in a controlled path to prevent interference with other interior structures in thecasing12, such as thecam64. Thecarriage58 guides theblade38 during movement by thecam64 pivotally attached to theblade38.
• The interaction of thecam64 against theguide member15 of thecasing12 and the slidable contact by theelongated hole80 of theblade38 with theblade retainer peg82 of thecasing12 propels therazor member76 out of thecasing12, through the skin, and back into thecasing12 in a very controlled action. This controlled action of theblade38 is such that therazor member76 is slicing upon entry into the skin with theblade retainer peg82 at one end of theelongated hole80 and with thecam64 at one end of its curved surface at the guide member15 (FIG. 3). Then, theblade38 is guided horizontally while at a set depth maintained by theblade retainer peg82 sliding through to an opposite end of theelongated hole80 and with the curved surface of thecam64 and theguide15 cooperatively maintaining the depth of the slice in the horizontal direction (FIG. 4). The vertical slicing of theblade38 upon exiting the skin is accomplished by the resilient spring action of thearcuate member62 of thecarriage58 as thecam64 is released from theguide member15 of thecasing12. The post-actuated position results in theblade retainer peg82 being positioned in the original one end of theelongated hole80 of the blade38 (FIG. 5).
• The controlled action of slicing, both entering and exiting, will minimize the trauma to the skin, will reduce the introduction of undesirable elements of the skin tissue into the incision and blood sample, and will promote the rapid healing of the incision location. The present invention creates a patterned incision by the outward movement of theblade38, horizontal movement and inward movement of the blade. The patterned incision secures a more standard sample for analysis, unlike the prior art devices which rely upon a puncture or stabbing motion of the blade. Random tearing of the skin at the incision area and inconsistent depth of blade penetration are no longer factors which effect the sample analysis.
• The operation of the present invention allows for a designed controlled force to be achieved. Thecover16 will travel vertically over thecasing12. Theactuator46 is restrained at one end by thesupport member19 of thecasing12 and contacts the inner surface ofcover16. The opposite end of theactuator46 is in contact with therelease seat13 of thecasing12. Thecover16 will continue to travel downwardly and the vertical application force is retained in the resilient curved member of theactuator46 and converted to horizontal displacement of theknuckle56. At a designed vertical pre-determined force, which is achieved as a function of distance traveled and resilient curved member flexing, theactuator46 makes contact with theblade38. The vertical pre-actuation force is released in a horizontal motion, as shown inFIGS. 3-5. This release is controlled by the strength of the leaf spring-like property of the resilientcurved member45.
• The action described hereinbefore illustrates that a vertical force is appropriately transformed into a horizontal displacement on the interior of thecasing12. Theknuckle56 ofactuator46 will begin to travel in abutment against theblade38. As theknuckle56 travels horizontally against theblade38, the movement of theblade38 will be guided by thecarriage58, which is pivotally attached to theblade38. In this encounter, the horizontal force will be converted to a outward vertical movement of the blade, a horizontal movement of the blade and an inward vertical movement of the blade. The interaction of thecarriage58, which is pivotally attached to theblade38, with theguide member15 of thecasing12 converts the horizontal force into the patterned movement of theblade38. The curved surfaces of thecam64 in cooperation with theguide member15 and theelongated hole80 of the blade in cooperation with theblade retainer peg82 are uniquely designed to produce the patterned incision. Once thecam64 of thecarriage58 begins to travel along its curve surface against theguide member15, theblade38 is forced to move vertically outward of theslot36, then horizontally, and then vertically inward toward theslot36 again. The inward vertical movement is determined by the release of spring action in the arcuate member of thecarriage58. A concurrent event also occurs at the same time. As described in previously, thebarbs26 and42 will now engage thesecond retaining slots30 and39 on thewalls24 and34 of thecover16. As a result, thecover16 will be restrained in a fixed condition which prohibits reuse of the device. Alternative lock members may also be positioned within thecasing12 so as to restrain theknuckle56 in thecapture seat17 after use of the device.
• The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated construction can be made within the scope of the present invention without departing from the true spirit of the invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents.

Claims (20)

1. A skin incision device comprising:

a casing having a slot formed at a bottom surface thereof;

a cover positioned on said casing, said cover being slidable in a direction transverse to a plane of said bottom surface of said casing;

a blade pivotally positioned within said casing generally adjacent said slot, said blade having a pre-actuated position and a post-actuated position;

an actuator means anchored to said casing, said actuator means being actuatable by slidable movement of said cover toward said bottom surface, said actuator means for converting transverse movement of said cover into horizontal movement of said actuator means, said actuator means engaging said blade at said pre-actuated position through said post-actuated position such that at least a portion of said blade extends outwardly of said slot during the movement between said pre-actuated position and said post-actuated position; and

a carriage means anchored to said casing and pivotally attached to said blade, said carriage means for guiding movement of said blade from said pre-actuated position through said post-actuated position.

2. The skin incision device ofclaim 1, said carriage means comprising:

an arcuate member;

a cam formed at one end of said arcuate member, said cam being pivotally affixed to said blade; and

an anchor end formed at an opposite end of said arcuate member from said cam, said anchor end being affixed to said casing.

3. The skin incision device ofclaim 2, the fixed depth being set by a distance between a surface of said cam and said anchor end.

4. The skin incision device ofclaim 1, said casing having a guide member formed on an inner surface of said casing, said cam having a surface thereon contacting said guide member during the movement of said blade between said pre-actuated position and said post-actuated position.

5. The skin incision device ofclaim 1, said cam member having a surface contacting said guide member and another surface contacting said anchor end when said blade is at said fixed depth.

6. The skin incision device ofclaim 2, said casing having a pin member formed therein, said anchor end rotatably mounted over said pin member.

7. The skin incision device ofclaim 2, said blade comprising:

a razor member having a cutting edge;

a retaining hole positioned adjacent an end of said blade, said cam being pivotally affixed to said retaining hole; and

an elongated hole positioned adjacent an opposite end of said blade, said elongated hole being rotatably interconnected to said casing.

8. The skin incision device ofclaim 7, said casing having a blade retainer peg formed therein adjacent said slot of said casing, said elongated hole of said blade positioned over said blade retainer peg.

9. The device ofclaim 8, said elongated hole being an obround aligned with a longitudinal axis of said blade.

10. The skin incision device ofclaim 8, said anchor end positioned between said blade retainer peg and said cam.

11. The skin incision device ofclaim 1, said blade extending outwardly of a bottom surface of said casing for a constant distance during horizontal movement of said blade between said pre-actuated position and said post-actuated position.

12. A skin incision device comprising:

a casing having a slot formed at a bottom surface thereof,

a cover positioned on said casing, said cover being slidable in a direction transverse to a plane of said bottom surface of said casing;

a blade pivotally positioned within said casing generally adjacent said slot, said blade having a pre-actuated position and a post-actuated position;

an actuator means anchored to said casing, said actuator means being actuatable by slidable movement of said cover toward said bottom surface, said actuator means for converting transverse movement of said cover into horizontal movement of said actuator means, said actuator means engaging said blade at said pre-actuated position through said post-actuated position such that at least a portion of said blade extends outwardly of said slot during the movement between said pre-actuated position and said post-actuated position; and

a carriage means anchored to said casing and pivotally attached to said blade, said carriage means for guiding movement of said blade from said pre-actuated position through said post-actuated position such that said blade extends outwardly of said bottom surface of said casing for a constant distance during a horizontal movement of said blade between said pre-actuated position and said post-actuated position.

13. The skin incision device ofclaim 12, said blade extending outwardly for a fixed depth regardless of an amount of force applied to said cover.

14. The skin incision device ofclaim 12, said carriage means comprises:

an arcuate member;

a cam formed at one end of said arcuate member, said cam being pivotally affixed to said blade; and

an anchor end formed at an opposite end of said arcuate member from said cam, said anchor end being affixed to said casing, the fixed depth being set by a distance between a surface of said cam and said anchor end.

15. The skin incision device ofclaim 13, said carriage means comprising:

an arcuate member;

a cam formed at one end of said arcuate member, said cam being pivotally affixed to said blade; and

an anchor end formed at an opposite end of said arcuate member from said cam, said anchor end being affixed to said casing, said casing having a guide member formed on an inner surface of said casing, said cam having a surface thereon contacting said guide member during the movement of said blade between said pre-actuated position and said post-actuated position.

16. The skin incision device ofclaim 15, said cam member having a surface contacting said guide member and another surface contacting said anchor end when said blade is at the fixed depth.

17. The skin incision device ofclaim 14, said casing having a pin member formed therein, said anchor end rotatably mounted over said pin member.

18. The skin incision device ofclaim 12, said blade comprising:

a razor member having a cutting edge;

a retaining hole positioned adjacent an end of said blade, said cam being pivotally affixed to said retaining hole; and

an elongated hole positioned adjacent an opposite end of said blade, said elongated hole being rotatably interconnected to said casing.

19. The skin incision device ofclaim 18, said casing having a blade retainer peg formed therein adjacent said slot of said casing, said elongated hole of said blade positioned on said blade retaining peg, said elongated hole being an obround aligned with a longitudinal axis of said blade.

20. A skin incision device comprising:

a casing having a slot formed at a bottom surface thereof,

a cover positioned on said casing, said cover being slidable in a direction transverse to a plane of said bottom surface of said casing;

a blade pivotally positioned within said casing generally adjacent said slot, said blade having a pre-actuated position and a post-actuated position;

an actuator means anchored to said casing, said actuator means being actuatable by slidable movement of said cover toward said bottom surface, said actuator means for converting transverse movement of said cover into horizontal movement of said actuator means, said actuator means engaging said blade at said pre-actuated position through said post-actuated position such that at least a portion of said blade extends outwardly of said slot during the movement between said pre-actuated position and said post-actuated position; and

a carriage means anchored to said casing and pivotally attached to said blade, said carriage means for guiding movement of said blade from said pre-actuated position through said post-actuated position, said carriage means comprising:

an arcuate member;

a cam formed at one end of said arcuate member, said cam being pivotally affixed to said blade; and

an anchor end formed at an opposite end of said arcuate member from said cam, said anchor end being affixed to said casing, said blade extending outwardly of said bottom surface of said casing at a fixed distance as set by a distance between a surface of said cam and said anchor end.

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