US20060241519A1 - Guidewire with deflectable tip - Google Patents
Guidewire with deflectable tipDownload PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060241519A1 US20060241519A1US11/473,764US47376406AUS2006241519A1US 20060241519 A1US20060241519 A1US 20060241519A1US 47376406 AUS47376406 AUS 47376406AUS 2006241519 A1US2006241519 A1US 2006241519A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- distal
- proximal
- deflection
- ribbon
- helical coil
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Links
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Images
Classifications
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
- A61M25/0133—Tip steering devices
- A61M25/0147—Tip steering devices with movable mechanical means, e.g. pull wires
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
- A61M25/0133—Tip steering devices
- A61M25/0152—Tip steering devices with pre-shaped mechanisms, e.g. pre-shaped stylets or pre-shaped outer tubes
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/0021—Catheters; Hollow probes characterised by the form of the tubing
- A61M2025/0042—Microcatheters, cannula or the like having outside diameters around 1 mm or less
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09058—Basic structures of guide wires
- A61M2025/09083—Basic structures of guide wires having a coil around a core
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09133—Guide wires having specific material compositions or coatings; Materials with specific mechanical behaviours, e.g. stiffness, strength to transmit torque
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/0105—Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
- A61M25/0133—Tip steering devices
- A61M25/0138—Tip steering devices having flexible regions as a result of weakened outer material, e.g. slots, slits, cuts, joints or coils
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M25/09016—Guide wires with mandrils
- A61M25/09033—Guide wires with mandrils with fixed mandrils, e.g. mandrils fixed to tip; Tensionable wires
Definitions
- the present inventionrelates to a steerable guidewire, and more particularly to a bi-directional steerable guidewire having a tip which may be very precisely “steered,” or deflected.
- the guidewireis particularly suitable for use in conjunction with the insertion of a catheter into a vessel of the body, or alternatively, the guidewire may be used by itself to open obstructions within a vessel or to carry a therapeutic device for removing obstructions within a vessel.
- guidewireshave included a core wire with the distal end being tapered and with a coil spring mounted on the tapered distal end. These guidewires have been used to facilitate the insertion of a catheter into a vessel of the body. Generally, the guidewire is inserted into a vessel, a catheter is inserted over the guidewire and the catheter is then moved through the vessel until the distal end of the catheter is positioned at a desired location. The guidewire is then retracted from the catheter and the catheter is left in the vessel. Alternatively, the guidewire may be first inserted into the catheter with the distal portion of the guidewire extending beyond the distal end of the catheter.
- This assemblyis then inserted into a vessel with the distal tip of the guidewire being used to facilitate movement of the guidewire and catheter through the vessel. Again, when the distal tip of the catheter has been placed in a desired location, the guidewire may be retracted thereby leaving the catheter in place within the vessel.
- Another common application for guidewiresis that of using the distal tip of the guidewire for removing an obstruction within a vessel. Often times this procedure is accomplished by inserting the guidewire within a vessel, moving the distal tip of the guidewire into contact with the obstruction and then very gently tapping the distal tip of the guidewire against the obstruction until the guidewire passes through the obstruction.
- various types of devicesmay be placed on the distal end of a guidewire for actively opening an obstruction within the vessel. Examples of such devices which may be placed on the end of the guidewires are disclosed in the following United States patents to Robert C. Stevens: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,116,350; 5,078,722; 4 , 936 , 845 ; 4 , 923 , 462 ; and, 4 , 854 , 325 .
- a very small diameter steerable guidewirehaving a deflectable tip which includes an elongated flexible tubing, a flexible helical coil attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing, an elongated deflection member which is slidably disposed within the tubing and within the helical coil.
- the proximal portion of the deflection memberis of a cylindrical configuration and the distal portion is tapered to form a deflection ribbon.
- the deflection membermay take the form of a proximal cylindrical wire which is attached at its distal end to a deflection ribbon.
- a retaining ribbonis attached to the distal end of the flexible tubing and is oriented to extend in a plane which is generally parallel to the plane of the ribbon portion of the deflection member.
- An attachment memberwhich may take the form of a rounded bead, preferably formed from epoxy, is bonded to the distal end of the helical coil, the distal end of the deflection ribbon and the distal end of the retaining ribbon so that longitudinal movement of the deflection member causes the distal end of the helical coil to be deflected.
- the retaining ribbon and the deflection ribbonare preferably pre-shaped into a curved configuration to thereby cause the flexible helical coil to be biased into a normally curved shape.
- the distal portion of the deflection ribbonengages the attachment member, or rounded bead, at a location offset from the center of the attachment member, and the distal portion of the retaining ribbon engages the attachment member at a location offset from the center of the attachment member.
- the retaining ribbonengages the attachment member at a location offset from the center portion of the attachment member in the opposite direction from the offset location of the deflection ribbon.
- the deflection ribbon and the retaining ribbonare connected to each other within the attachment member.
- these two elementsare formed as a single unitary element.
- the cylindrical deflection memberis flattened to form the deflection ribbon and is further flattened at its distal end to form the retaining ribbon.
- the retaining ribbonis bent 180 degrees with respect to the deflection ribbon to form a generally U-shaped bend to thereby establish a predetermined spacing between the ribbons and to also cause these ribbons to remain parallel to each other.
- FIG. 1is an enlarged elevational view of the steerable guidewire with a deflectable tip and control handle in accordance with the one aspect of the present invention
- FIG. 2is an enlarged sectional view showing the distal end of the steerable guidewire in its normal pre-shaped position
- FIG. 3is an enlarged sectional view showing the distal end of the steerable guidewire of FIG. 2 taken along the line 3 - 3 ;
- FIG. 4is a partially sectional view showing the control handle for the steerable guidewire.
- FIGS. 5 and 5 Aare sectional views showing the steerable guidewire deflected from its normal position to opposite extremes of deflection.
- FIG. 1generally illustrates a steerable guidewire system 10 which embodies the present invention and comprises a steerable guidewire 12 coupled to a control handle 14 . More particularly, the steerable guidewire comprises an elongated hypotube 16 , a helical coil 18 attached to and extending from the distal end of the hypotube 16 .
- the helical coil 18is preferably formed from platinum tungsten with the proximal turns being wound such that adjacent turns of the proximal portion are in contact with each other.
- this elementmay take the form of any flexible cylindrical member, such as for example a thin metallic tube with or without portions of the tube removed by, for example laser cutting, so as to form a very flexible cylindrical member.
- An elongated deflection member 20extends from the proximal end of the control handle through the hypotube 16 and through the helical coil 18 , and is connected into an attachment member, or rounded bead 22 , which is disposed at the distal tip of the helical coil 18 .
- a retaining ribbon 24is connected to the distal end of the hypotube 16 and is also connected to the rounded bead 22 .
- the control handle 14generally comprises a slidable control knob 26 which may be moved longitudinally with respect to the control handle.
- the control handle 14is coupled to the deflection member 20 .
- the longitudinal movement of the slidable control knob 26causes deflection of the distal tip of the guidewire in either an upward or downward direction.
- FIGS. 2 and 3illustrate in more detail the distal portion of the steerable guidewire 12 .
- FIG. 3is a view of the guidewire 12 shown in FIG. 2 with the guidewire being rotated 90 degrees about its longitudinal axis.
- the proximal end of the helical coil 18is bonded, preferably by use of an epoxy, to the outer surface near the distal end of the hypotube 16 .
- the elongated deflection member 20takes the form of a small diameter cylindrical deflection member 20 having an intermediate portion which is flattened to form a thin deflection ribbon 34 having a thickness of approximately 0.002 inches.
- the distal end of the cylindrical deflection member 20is further flattened to a thickness of approximately 0.0015 inches and is bent back 180 degrees to form a U-shaped bend 26 a between the deflection ribbon 34 and the retaining ribbon 24 .
- the proximal end of the retaining ribbon 24is bonded, preferably by use of epoxy, to the outer surface of the distal end of the hypotube 16 .
- the retaining ribbon 24is aligned in a plane parallel to the plane of the deflection ribbon 34 and the U-shaped portion between the ribbons is encapsulated by the attachment member which preferably takes the form of a rounded epoxy bead 22 bonded to the distal tip of the helical coil 18 .
- the retaining ribbon 24is preferably attached to the rounded bead 22 at a position offset from the center of the bead in the same direction that the retaining ribbon 24 is offset from the longitudinal axis of the steerable guidewire 12 .
- the deflection ribbon 34is attached to the bead at a position offset from the center of the bead in an opposite direction from the offset of the retaining ribbon 24 .
- the deflection ribbon 34 and the retaining ribbon 24are pre-shaped into an arcuate, or curved, configuration to thereby maintain the helical coil 18 in a normally curved configuration.
- the ribbons 24 , 34are pre-shaped such that the distal tip of the guidewire curves away from the longitudinal axis of the guidewire in a direction toward that side of the guidewire containing the retaining ribbon 24 .
- FIG. 4illustrates in more detail the control handle 14 which includes a cylindrical body portion 38 with the slidable control knob 26 being mounted for longitudinal movement along the cylindrical body portion 38 of the control handle 14 .
- the pair of set screws 28 , 30extend through the slidable control knob 26 and lock onto the elongated deflection member 20 which extends through the control handle 14 .
- the control handle 14includes a coaxial hypotube 40 which is disposed about the deflection member 20 and which is locked in place within the control handle by another set of set screws 32 , 33 .
- the coaxial hypotube 40serves to prevent the deflection member 20 from buckling as the slidable control knob is moved in a distal direction.
- the control handle 14includes a pin vise 36 which serves to clamp onto the deflection member 20 .
- the distal tip of the steerable guidewire 12is normally biased into a downwardly curved position as illustrated in FIG. 2 because of the curve of the pre-shaped deflection ribbon 34 and the retaining ribbon 24 .
- the deflection member 20will be moved distally thereby causing the deflection ribbon 34 to move in a distal direction.
- a forceis applied to the top portion of the rounded bead 22 .
- the retaining ribbon 24is attached to the lower portion of the bead 22 to thereby maintain the bead at a fixed distance from the distal end of the hypotube 16 .
- the tip of the guidewireis caused to deflect downwardly to a maximum position of deflection as shown in FIG. 5A . Since the deflection ribbon 34 and the retaining ribbon 24 are pre-shaped prior to any activation of the steerable guidewire, the amount of force required to deflect the guidewire in this direction is very small thereby preventing buckling of the deflection ribbon 34 as the deflection ribbon is pushed distally. As the deflection ribbon 34 is moved distally, the upper turns of the helical coil become slightly stretched and the lower turns of the coil become slightly compressed.
- the deflection member 20has a diameter of about 0.0065 inches and the deflection ribbon has a thickness of about 0.002 inches to thereby provide sufficient stiffness to prevent the buckling of these elements when the deflection member 20 is pushed distally. This construction also provides sufficient stiffness to transmit the necessary force to the distal tip of the guidewire.
- the deflection member 20When the slidable control knob 26 is moved in a proximal direction (to the left in FIG. 4 ) the deflection member 20 will be pulled to the left to thereby cause the deflection ribbon 34 to pull on the top portion of the bead 22 . Since again the retaining ribbon 24 causes the lower portion of the bead to remain at a fixed distance from the distal end of the hypotube 16 , the tip of the guidewire 12 is caused to bend in an upward direction to a maximum deflection as shown in FIG. 5 . Since the deflection ribbon 34 is in tension when the deflection member 20 is pulled, there is no concern for buckling of the deflection ribbon 34 . As the deflection ribbon 34 is moved proximally as shown in FIG. 5 , the upper coil turns become slightly compressed and the lower coil turns become somewhat stretched.
- the elongated deflection member 20 , retaining ribbon 24 and deflection ribbon 34are constructed of nitinol, but these elements may be formed from other flexible materials including polymers.
- the helical coil 18preferably has an outside coil diameter of about 0.013 inches and is constructed from an alloy comprised of about 92 percent platinum and 8 percent tungsten, but this element may also be constructed from numerous other materials. It is desirable that the coil exhibit the characteristic of being radiopaque to X-rays to assist in the positioning of the distal tip of the steerable guidewire 12 .
- the deflection member 20is formed from a single cylindrical nitinol wire of about 0.0065 inches in diameter having an intermediate portion which is flattened to form the deflection ribbon 34 with a thickness of about 0.002 inches, and a distal portion which is flattened to form the retaining ribbon 24 with a thickness of about 0.0015 inches.
- the retaining ribbon 24is bent back 180 degrees to form a generally U-shaped bend, which is subsequently encapsulated within the rounded bead 22 .
- the rounded bead 22is preferably formed with epoxy, but may be formed with soldering or by welding.
- the helical coil 18is preferably coated with an elastomeric polymer 41 on its distal end to act as a sealant preventing the entry of blood and contrast media into the guidewire and a fluorinated polymer 39 , such as Teflon, on its proximal end for lubrication purposes.
- the guidewire as disclosedmay be very easily and very precisely deflected in either of two directions for very precise steering of the guidewire through the vessels of the body.
- the disclosed guidewiremay be used for placement of a catheter within the vasculature of the human body, it may be used by itself to cross an obstruction within the vessels or it may be used to carry a therapeutic device mounted on the distal end of the guidewire for purposes of removing obstructions which may exist within a vessel of the body.
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Abstract
Description
- This patent application is a divisional patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/224,168, filed on Aug. 20, 2002, entitled “Guidewire With Deflectable Tip”, which claims benefit of provisional patent application, U.S. Ser. No. 60/366,739 filed on Mar. 22, 2002.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a steerable guidewire, and more particularly to a bi-directional steerable guidewire having a tip which may be very precisely “steered,” or deflected. The guidewire is particularly suitable for use in conjunction with the insertion of a catheter into a vessel of the body, or alternatively, the guidewire may be used by itself to open obstructions within a vessel or to carry a therapeutic device for removing obstructions within a vessel.
- 2. Description of the Prior Art
- For many years guidewires have included a core wire with the distal end being tapered and with a coil spring mounted on the tapered distal end. These guidewires have been used to facilitate the insertion of a catheter into a vessel of the body. Generally, the guidewire is inserted into a vessel, a catheter is inserted over the guidewire and the catheter is then moved through the vessel until the distal end of the catheter is positioned at a desired location. The guidewire is then retracted from the catheter and the catheter is left in the vessel. Alternatively, the guidewire may be first inserted into the catheter with the distal portion of the guidewire extending beyond the distal end of the catheter. This assembly is then inserted into a vessel with the distal tip of the guidewire being used to facilitate movement of the guidewire and catheter through the vessel. Again, when the distal tip of the catheter has been placed in a desired location, the guidewire may be retracted thereby leaving the catheter in place within the vessel.
- Another common application for guidewires is that of using the distal tip of the guidewire for removing an obstruction within a vessel. Often times this procedure is accomplished by inserting the guidewire within a vessel, moving the distal tip of the guidewire into contact with the obstruction and then very gently tapping the distal tip of the guidewire against the obstruction until the guidewire passes through the obstruction. Alternatively, various types of devices may be placed on the distal end of a guidewire for actively opening an obstruction within the vessel. Examples of such devices which may be placed on the end of the guidewires are disclosed in the following United States patents to Robert C. Stevens: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,116,350; 5,078,722;4,936,845;4,923,462; and,4,854,325.
- While most guidewires used today do not include a mechanism for deflecting or steering the tip of the guidewire, it is very desirable to provide tip steering in order to facilitate movement of the guidewire through the tortuous vessels of the body. There are many patents directed toward different mechanisms for deflecting the distal tip of a guidewire in order to steer the guidewire. Examples of such guidewires are disclosed in the following patents: U.S. Pat. No. 4,815,478 to Maurice Buchbinder, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,813,434 to Maurice Buchbinder, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,037,391 to Julius G. Hammerslag, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,203,772 to Gary R. Hammerslag, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,146,338 to Kenneth C. Gardeski, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,126,649 to Robert A. VanTassel, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,059,739 to James C. Baumann and U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,587 to Julius G. Hammerslag, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,062 to Hilary J. Hampton, et al., discloses a balloon catheter having a steerable tip section. All of the above-identified patents are incorporated herein by reference.
- While each of the latter group of patents disclose guidewires having some degree of steerability, there is a need to have a guidewire with very precise steering in a guidewire of a very small diameter which is suitable for the purposes described above. More particularly, there is an important need for a very small diameter guidewire having a distal tip which may be deflected very precisely in either of two directions to enhance steerability and which is suitable for vascular applications.
- In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a very small diameter steerable guidewire having a deflectable tip which includes an elongated flexible tubing, a flexible helical coil attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing, an elongated deflection member which is slidably disposed within the tubing and within the helical coil. The proximal portion of the deflection member is of a cylindrical configuration and the distal portion is tapered to form a deflection ribbon. Alternatively, the deflection member may take the form of a proximal cylindrical wire which is attached at its distal end to a deflection ribbon. In addition, a retaining ribbon is attached to the distal end of the flexible tubing and is oriented to extend in a plane which is generally parallel to the plane of the ribbon portion of the deflection member. An attachment member which may take the form of a rounded bead, preferably formed from epoxy, is bonded to the distal end of the helical coil, the distal end of the deflection ribbon and the distal end of the retaining ribbon so that longitudinal movement of the deflection member causes the distal end of the helical coil to be deflected.
- In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the retaining ribbon and the deflection ribbon are preferably pre-shaped into a curved configuration to thereby cause the flexible helical coil to be biased into a normally curved shape.
- In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, the distal portion of the deflection ribbon engages the attachment member, or rounded bead, at a location offset from the center of the attachment member, and the distal portion of the retaining ribbon engages the attachment member at a location offset from the center of the attachment member. Preferably, the retaining ribbon engages the attachment member at a location offset from the center portion of the attachment member in the opposite direction from the offset location of the deflection ribbon.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, the deflection ribbon and the retaining ribbon are connected to each other within the attachment member. Preferably these two elements are formed as a single unitary element. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the cylindrical deflection member is flattened to form the deflection ribbon and is further flattened at its distal end to form the retaining ribbon. The retaining ribbon is bent 180 degrees with respect to the deflection ribbon to form a generally U-shaped bend to thereby establish a predetermined spacing between the ribbons and to also cause these ribbons to remain parallel to each other.
FIG. 1 is an enlarged elevational view of the steerable guidewire with a deflectable tip and control handle in accordance with the one aspect of the present invention;FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing the distal end of the steerable guidewire in its normal pre-shaped position;FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing the distal end of the steerable guidewire ofFIG. 2 taken along the line3-3;FIG. 4 is a partially sectional view showing the control handle for the steerable guidewire; and,FIGS. 5 and 5 A are sectional views showing the steerable guidewire deflected from its normal position to opposite extremes of deflection.FIG. 1 generally illustrates asteerable guidewire system 10 which embodies the present invention and comprises a steerable guidewire12 coupled to acontrol handle 14. More particularly, the steerable guidewire comprises anelongated hypotube 16, ahelical coil 18 attached to and extending from the distal end of thehypotube 16. Thehelical coil 18 is preferably formed from platinum tungsten with the proximal turns being wound such that adjacent turns of the proximal portion are in contact with each other.- While the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the
helical coil 18, this element may take the form of any flexible cylindrical member, such as for example a thin metallic tube with or without portions of the tube removed by, for example laser cutting, so as to form a very flexible cylindrical member. Anelongated deflection member 20 extends from the proximal end of the control handle through thehypotube 16 and through thehelical coil 18, and is connected into an attachment member, orrounded bead 22, which is disposed at the distal tip of thehelical coil 18. In addition, aretaining ribbon 24 is connected to the distal end of thehypotube 16 and is also connected to therounded bead 22. - The
control handle 14 generally comprises aslidable control knob 26 which may be moved longitudinally with respect to the control handle. The control handle14 is coupled to thedeflection member 20. As will be discussed in more detail, the longitudinal movement of theslidable control knob 26 causes deflection of the distal tip of the guidewire in either an upward or downward direction. FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate in more detail the distal portion of the steerable guidewire12. As may be appreciated,FIG. 3 is a view of the guidewire12 shown inFIG. 2 with the guidewire being rotated 90 degrees about its longitudinal axis. More particularly, the proximal end of thehelical coil 18 is bonded, preferably by use of an epoxy, to the outer surface near the distal end of thehypotube 16. Theelongated deflection member 20 takes the form of a small diametercylindrical deflection member 20 having an intermediate portion which is flattened to form athin deflection ribbon 34 having a thickness of approximately 0.002 inches. The distal end of thecylindrical deflection member 20 is further flattened to a thickness of approximately 0.0015 inches and is bent back 180 degrees to form aU-shaped bend 26abetween thedeflection ribbon 34 and the retainingribbon 24. The proximal end of the retainingribbon 24 is bonded, preferably by use of epoxy, to the outer surface of the distal end of thehypotube 16. The retainingribbon 24 is aligned in a plane parallel to the plane of thedeflection ribbon 34 and the U-shaped portion between the ribbons is encapsulated by the attachment member which preferably takes the form of arounded epoxy bead 22 bonded to the distal tip of thehelical coil 18.- As may be appreciated, with this unitary construction of the ribbon members, these members remain aligned so that both lie in planes parallel to each other. In addition, the U-shaped bend portion when encapsulated into the
rounded bead 22 causes the retaining ribbon and deflection ribbon to be properly spaced with respect to each other. - As illustrated in
FIG. 2 , the retainingribbon 24 is preferably attached to the roundedbead 22 at a position offset from the center of the bead in the same direction that the retainingribbon 24 is offset from the longitudinal axis of the steerable guidewire12. In addition, thedeflection ribbon 34 is attached to the bead at a position offset from the center of the bead in an opposite direction from the offset of the retainingribbon 24. - Also, as may be seen in
FIG. 2 , thedeflection ribbon 34 and the retainingribbon 24 are pre-shaped into an arcuate, or curved, configuration to thereby maintain thehelical coil 18 in a normally curved configuration. Theribbons ribbon 24. FIG. 4 illustrates in more detail the control handle14 which includes acylindrical body portion 38 with theslidable control knob 26 being mounted for longitudinal movement along thecylindrical body portion 38 of the control handle14. The pair ofset screws 28,30 extend through theslidable control knob 26 and lock onto theelongated deflection member 20 which extends through the control handle14. In addition, the control handle14 includes a coaxial hypotube40 which is disposed about thedeflection member 20 and which is locked in place within the control handle by another set ofset screws 32,33. The coaxial hypotube40 serves to prevent thedeflection member 20 from buckling as the slidable control knob is moved in a distal direction. Still further, the control handle14 includes apin vise 36 which serves to clamp onto thedeflection member 20.- In operation, as previously described, the distal tip of the steerable guidewire12 is normally biased into a downwardly curved position as illustrated in
FIG. 2 because of the curve of thepre-shaped deflection ribbon 34 and the retainingribbon 24. When theslidable control knob 26 is moved distally, thedeflection member 20 will be moved distally thereby causing thedeflection ribbon 34 to move in a distal direction. As the deflection ribbon is moved distally, a force is applied to the top portion of the roundedbead 22. The retainingribbon 24 is attached to the lower portion of thebead 22 to thereby maintain the bead at a fixed distance from the distal end of thehypotube 16. As thedeflection ribbon 34 is moved to the right, the tip of the guidewire is caused to deflect downwardly to a maximum position of deflection as shown inFIG. 5A . Since thedeflection ribbon 34 and the retainingribbon 24 are pre-shaped prior to any activation of the steerable guidewire, the amount of force required to deflect the guidewire in this direction is very small thereby preventing buckling of thedeflection ribbon 34 as the deflection ribbon is pushed distally. As thedeflection ribbon 34 is moved distally, the upper turns of the helical coil become slightly stretched and the lower turns of the coil become slightly compressed. Thedeflection member 20 has a diameter of about 0.0065 inches and the deflection ribbon has a thickness of about 0.002 inches to thereby provide sufficient stiffness to prevent the buckling of these elements when thedeflection member 20 is pushed distally. This construction also provides sufficient stiffness to transmit the necessary force to the distal tip of the guidewire. - When the
slidable control knob 26 is moved in a proximal direction (to the left inFIG. 4 ) thedeflection member 20 will be pulled to the left to thereby cause thedeflection ribbon 34 to pull on the top portion of thebead 22. Since again the retainingribbon 24 causes the lower portion of the bead to remain at a fixed distance from the distal end of thehypotube 16, the tip of the guidewire12 is caused to bend in an upward direction to a maximum deflection as shown inFIG. 5 . Since thedeflection ribbon 34 is in tension when thedeflection member 20 is pulled, there is no concern for buckling of thedeflection ribbon 34. As thedeflection ribbon 34 is moved proximally as shown inFIG. 5 , the upper coil turns become slightly compressed and the lower coil turns become somewhat stretched. - In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
elongated deflection member 20, retainingribbon 24 anddeflection ribbon 34 are constructed of nitinol, but these elements may be formed from other flexible materials including polymers. Thehelical coil 18 preferably has an outside coil diameter of about 0.013 inches and is constructed from an alloy comprised of about 92 percent platinum and 8 percent tungsten, but this element may also be constructed from numerous other materials. It is desirable that the coil exhibit the characteristic of being radiopaque to X-rays to assist in the positioning of the distal tip of the steerable guidewire12. Thedeflection member 20 is formed from a single cylindrical nitinol wire of about 0.0065 inches in diameter having an intermediate portion which is flattened to form thedeflection ribbon 34 with a thickness of about 0.002 inches, and a distal portion which is flattened to form the retainingribbon 24 with a thickness of about 0.0015 inches. The retainingribbon 24 is bent back 180 degrees to form a generally U-shaped bend, which is subsequently encapsulated within the roundedbead 22. Therounded bead 22 is preferably formed with epoxy, but may be formed with soldering or by welding. - It has been found that the addition of graphite between the
deflection member 20 anddeflection ribbon 34, and the inner lumen of thehypotube 16 provides lubrication. Other lubricants, such as Teflon or MDX may be used for this purpose. Thehelical coil 18 is preferably coated with anelastomeric polymer 41 on its distal end to act as a sealant preventing the entry of blood and contrast media into the guidewire and afluorinated polymer 39, such as Teflon, on its proximal end for lubrication purposes. - It may be seen that the guidewire as disclosed may be very easily and very precisely deflected in either of two directions for very precise steering of the guidewire through the vessels of the body. As may be apparent, the disclosed guidewire may be used for placement of a catheter within the vasculature of the human body, it may be used by itself to cross an obstruction within the vessels or it may be used to carry a therapeutic device mounted on the distal end of the guidewire for purposes of removing obstructions which may exist within a vessel of the body.
- The preceding specific embodiment is illustrated of the practice of this invention. It is to be understood, however, that other variations may also be employed without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (20)
1. A bi-directional steerable guidewire having a deflectable tip which comprises:
an elongated flexible tubing having proximal and distal portions;
a flexible helical coil having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of said helical coil is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing;
an elongated deflection member having proximal and distal portions and being slidably disposed within said tubing and within said helical coil, the distal portion of said deflection member being flattened to form a deflection ribbon which extends in a plane;
a retaining ribbon having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of the retaining ribbon is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing and the retaining ribbon is oriented to extend in a plane which is generally parallel to the plane of the deflection ribbon; and,
an attachment member engaging the distal end of the helical coil, the distal portion of the deflection member and the distal end of the retaining ribbon so that longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a distal direction causes the distal end of the helical coil to be deflected in one direction and longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a proximal direction causes the distal end of the helical coil to deflect in another opposite direction.
2. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 1 , wherein the retaining ribbon and the deflection ribbon are normally biased in an arcuate configuration to thereby cause the distal end of the helical coil to be normally biased in a curved shape.
3. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 1 , wherein the proximal portion of said deflection member is of a circular cross section which extends from the proximal portion of the flexible tubing to approximately the distal portion of the tubing.
4. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 3 , wherein the proximal end of said retaining ribbon extends from the distal portion of the flexible tubing to approximately the distal end of the flexible helical coil.
5. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 1 , wherein the attachment member takes the form of a rounded bead.
6. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 5 , wherein the rounded bead is formed with an epoxy material.
7. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 1 , wherein the attachment member takes the form of a rounded bead which contacts the distal end of the helical coil to define a circular surface at the distal end of the coil and the deflection ribbon engages the rounded bead at a location offset from the center of the circular surface of the rounded bead.
8. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 7 , wherein the distal end of the retaining ribbon engages the rounded bead at a location offset from the center of the circular surface of the rounded bead.
9. A bidirectional steerable guidewire having a deflectable tip which comprises:
an elongated flexible tubing having proximal and distal portions;
a flexible helical coil having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of said helical coil is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing;
an elongated deflection member having proximal and distal portions and being slidably disposed within said tubing and within said helical coil, the distal portion of said deflection member being tapered;
an elongated retaining member having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of the retaining member is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing; and,
an attachment member engaging the distal end of the helical coil, the deflection member and the distal end of the retaining member so that longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a distal direction causes the distal end of the helical coil to be deflected in one direction and longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a proximal direction causes the distal end of the helical coil to deflect in an opposite direction.
10. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 9 , wherein the retaining member is pre-shaped in an arcuate configuration to thereby cause the flexible helical coil to be normally biased into a curved shape.
11. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 10 , wherein the attachment member takes the form of a rounded bead.
12. A steerable guidewire having a deflectable tip which comprises:
an elongated flexible tubing having proximal and distal portions;
a flexible helical coil having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of said helical coil is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing;
an elongated deflection member comprised of proximal and distal portions and being slidably disposed within said tubing and within said helical coil, the proximal portion of the deflection member being of a cylindrical cross section and the distal portion of said deflection member takes the form a deflection ribbon which extends in a plane;
a retaining ribbon having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of the retaining ribbon is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing and the retaining ribbon is oriented to extend in a plane which is generally parallel to the plane of the deflection ribbon; and,
an attachment member engaging the distal end of the helical coil, the distal portion of the deflection member and the distal end of the retaining ribbon so that longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a distal direction causes the distal end of the helical coil to be deflected in one direction and longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a proximal direction causes the distal end of the helical coil to deflect in another opposite direction.
13. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 12 , wherein the retaining ribbon and the deflection ribbon are normally biased in an arcuate configuration to thereby cause the distal end of the helical coil to be normally biased in a curved shape.
14. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 12 , wherein the distal portion of the deflection member and the deflection ribbon are formed from a wire of a circular cross section and in which the distal portion is flattened to form the deflection ribbon.
15. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 12 , wherein the proximal portion of the elongated flexible tubing is coupled to a control handle and the elongated deflection member is mounted with the control handle for longitudinal movement.
16. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 15 , wherein said control handle includes a movable knob which is coupled to the elongated deflection member for longitudinal positioning of the deflection member.
17. A bi-directional steerable guidewire having a deflectable tip which comprises:
an elongated flexible tubing having proximal and distal portions;
a flexible cylindrical member having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of said cylindrical member is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing;
an elongated deflection member having proximal and distal portions and being slidably disposed within said tubing and within said cylindrical member, the distal portion of said deflection member being tapered;
an elongated retaining member having proximal and distal ends, the proximal end of the retaining member is attached to the distal portion of the flexible tubing; and,
an attachment member engaging the distal end of the cylindrical member, the deflection member and the distal end of the retaining member so that longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a distal direction causes the distal end of the cylindrical member to be deflected in one direction and longitudinal movement of the deflection member in a proximal direction causes the distal end of the cylindrical member to deflect in an opposite direction.
18. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 17 , wherein the retaining member is pre-shaped in an arcuate configuration to thereby cause the flexible cylindrical member to be normally biased into a curved shape.
19. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 18 , wherein the distal portion of the elongated deflection member takes the form of a thin ribbon which extends in a plane, and said retaining member takes the form of a thin ribbon which is oriented to extend in a plane which is generally parallel to the plane of the deflection ribbon.
20. A steerable guidewire as defined inclaim 19 , wherein the attachment member takes the form of a rounded bead.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/473,764US20060241519A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2006-06-23 | Guidewire with deflectable tip |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36673902P | 2002-03-22 | 2002-03-22 | |
| US10/224,168US7128718B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2002-08-20 | Guidewire with deflectable tip |
| US11/473,764US20060241519A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2006-06-23 | Guidewire with deflectable tip |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/224,168DivisionUS7128718B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2002-08-20 | Guidewire with deflectable tip |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20060241519A1true US20060241519A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
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| US11/473,764AbandonedUS20060241519A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2006-06-23 | Guidewire with deflectable tip |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/224,168Expired - LifetimeUS7128718B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2002-08-20 | Guidewire with deflectable tip |
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|---|---|
| US (2) | US7128718B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1346747B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4583718B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60307533T2 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4583718B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
| DE60307533T2 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
| EP1346747A2 (en) | 2003-09-24 |
| JP2003325670A (en) | 2003-11-18 |
| EP1346747A3 (en) | 2004-01-02 |
| DE60307533D1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
| US20030181827A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
| EP1346747B1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| US7128718B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
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| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation | Free format text:ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |