US20060187055A1 - Containers including radio frequency shielding - Google Patents

Abstract

Shielding is associated with RFID tags to achieve new systems and methods having various advantages. These systems include containers configured to store RFID enabled identity documents, the use of RFID tags to monitor the state of a container, and the inclusion of shielding in identity devices. Disclosed are shielded passports, driver's licenses, and the like. Some embodiments further including reading systems for reading identity devices comprising shielding and RFID tags.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application claims priority and benefit from commonly owned U.S. Provisional Patent Applications: No. 60/650,478 entitled “RFID Shielding,” filed Feb. 7, 2005;. No. 60/678,428 entitled “RFID device,” filed May 6, 2005; No. 60/685,331 entitled “RF Powered Remote,” filed May 27, 2005; No. 60/700,884 entitled “Electronically Switchable RFID,” filed Jul. 19, 2005; No. 60/712,308 entitled “Passive radio frequency data logger,” filed Aug. 30, 2005; No. 60/715,641 entitled “RFID applications,” filed Sep. 10, 2005; No. 60/752,933 entitled “Multi-key FOB,” filed Dec. 21, 2005; and No. 60/758,751 entitled “Multi-switch Credit Card,” filed Jan. 13, 2006. The disclosures of these provisional patent applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
• This application is related to co-pending application (Docket SMC-40) No. ______ entitled “Identity Devices Including Radio Frequency Shielding,” and filed Feb. 7, 2006, and co-pending application (Docket SMC-42) No. ______ entitled “Radio Frequency Shielding” and filed Feb. 7, 2006.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention
• The invention is in the fields of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, and more specifically in the field of RFID tag shielding.
• 2. Description of Related Art
• Radio Frequency identity (RFID) tags are, for example, typically small, flexible, and low profile devices that can be affixed to items for electronic tracking and information storage purposes. An RFID tag can be read by an RFID reader when the RFID tag is brought within a certain vicinity of the reader that is broadcasting a radio frequency signal. In some cases, once within that vicinity, the RFID tag receives sufficient power from the radio frequency signal to permit it to transmit a return radio frequency signal using the received power. These RFID tags are referred to as passive RFID tags. In other cases the RFID tag has an independent power source for generating a return radio frequency signal. These RFID tags are referred to as active RFID tags. With either passive or active RFID tags, the return radio frequency signal may include an encoded copy of information stored within the RFID tag. As RFID tags achieve more wide-spread use they will become ubiquitous on forms of identification, and be included in personal and business effects, such as passports, driver's licenses, keys, cell phones, PDAs, and so forth. For example, an RFID tag may be incorporated in a driver's license to store personal information about the licensee. As used herein, RFID tags include radio frequency contactless chips.
• A problem with using RFID tags to store security, confidential and/or personal information is that an RFID reader can read any RFID tags that pass within its range. Even if data is encrypted, this creates a possibility of unauthorized access to the personal data and other information stored in the RFID tag, or at the least, detection of the presence of the RFID tag.
SUMMARY
• The invention includes the use of shielding in relation to RFID tags. For example, some embodiments of the invention include shielded containers for storing devices including RFID tags. These devices can include identification devices such as passports, credit cards, or driver's licenses.
• Some embodiments of the invention include shielded containers and RFID tags, the RFID tags configured for use in determining a state of the container. For example, detection of an RFID tag can be used to determine if the container is open or closed. These embodiments are optionally used in event logging or security.
• Some embodiments of the invention include shielding attached to identification devices. This shielding may, for example, be included in a clamshell configuration, as a shielding insert, or as part of a page or cover.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a container comprising an RFID tag configured for determining if the container is open or closed, and radio frequency shielding configured to shield a signal from the RFID tag responsive to whether the container is open or closed..
• Various embodiments of the invention include a vehicle comprising a receptacle attached to the vehicle and configured to receive an identification device including an RFID tag, and a radio frequency shielding attached to the receptacle and configured to shield the RFID tag when the identification device is placed within the receptacle.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a purse comprising a receptacle configured to receive an identification device including an RFID tag, and a radio frequency shielding attached to the purse and configured to shield the RFID tag when the identification device is placed in the receptacle.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a wallet comprising a receptacle configured to receive an identification device including an RFID tag, and a radio frequency shielding attached to the wallet and configured to shield the RFID tag when the identification device is placed in the receptacle.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a shielded RFID device comprising an identity device including an RFID tag, and a cover physically attached to the device, the cover including a radio frequency shielding material configured to shield the RFID tag in a first position and to not shield the RFID tag in a second position.
• Various embodiments of the invention include an identification device comprising a base including a surface configured to display identifying information, an RFID tag configured to transmit identifying information, and a cover including a radio frequency shielding material configured to shield the RFID tag when closed and to allow the RFID tag to communicate with a reader when open.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a passport device comprising an RFID tag configured to transmit identifying information, a surface configured to visually display the identifying information, and an attached cover including a radio frequency shielding material configured to shield the RFID tag when the cover is closed, and configured to enable reading of the RFID tag when the cover is open.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a passport device comprising a first cover part including identifying information on an inside surface, a second cover part separated from the first cover part by a fold, an RFID tag within the first cover or the second cover part, and a page between the first cover part and the second cover part, the page including shielding configured for shielding the RFID tag in a first position and not shielding the RFID tag in a second position.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a driver's license device comprising an RFID tag configured to transmit identifying information, a surface configured to visually display the identifying information, and a cover including a radio frequency shielding material configured to shield the RFID tag in a first position, and configured to enable reading of the RFID tag in a second position.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a credit card device comprising an RFID tag configured to transmit account information, an attached cover including radio frequency shielding and configured to move relative to the RFID tag, to shield the RFID tag in a first position, and not to shield the RFID that in a second position.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a shielding device comprising a shielding material configured to be temporally attached to an identity device and to shield an RFID tag within the identity device, and an attachment mechanism configured for attaching the shielding material to the identity device.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a passport reading system comprising an RFID reader, and a base disposed to form a slot between the base and the RFID reader, a width of the slot configured for passage of a passport in an open position such that shielding material within the passport does not interfere with communications between the RFID reader and an RFID tag included in the passport.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a passport reading system comprising a first RFID reader, a second RFID reader, a third RFID reader, the first, second and third RFID readers surrounding a passport reading volume and being disposed such that at least one of the first, second and third RFID readers will be at a proper angle relative to an antenna of an RFID tag within a passport in the passport reading volume to read the RFID tag, and also disposed such that transmission between the RFID tag and the at least one of the first, second and third RFID readers is not prevented by shielding within the passport when the passport is open in the passport reading zone regardless of the angle of the shielding relative to the first, second and third readers.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a cover material configured for inclusion in a polarity of identity devices, a strip of shielding deposited on the cover material, a first RFID tag deposited on the cover material, a second RFID tag deposited on the cover material, and a cutting area configured to be cut in order to produce the plurality of identity devices, the cut including cutting of the strip of shielding and separation of the first RFID tag and the second RFID tag.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a passport comprising an RFID tag configured to transmit identifying information, a surface configured to visually display the identifying information, and a cover including a first part and a second part separated by a fold, the first part including the RFID tag and the second part including a radio frequency shielding configured to shield the RFID tag when the cover is closed, and configured to allow reading of the RFID tag when the cover is open, the radio frequency shielding including metallic fibers disposed within the second part.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a passport comprising a first cover part including identifying information including a photograph on an inside surface, a second cover part separated from the first cover part by a fold, an RFID tag within the first cover or the second cover part, and a page between the first cover part and the second cover part, the page including shielding configured for shielding the RFID tag in a first position and not shielding the RFID tag in a second position.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a passport comprising a first cover part including an RFID tag disposed at least 5 mm from a fold, a second cover part separated from the first cover part by the fold and including shielding configured for shielding the RFID tag in a first position of the second cover part and not shielding the RFID tag in a second position of the cover part.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a system comprising a cover material configured for inclusion in a polarity of identity devices, a strip of shielding deposited on the cover material, a first RFID tag deposited on the cover material, a second RFID tag deposited on the cover material, and a cutting area configured to be cut in order to produce the plurality of identity devices, the cut including cutting of the strip of shielding and separation of a location for depositing of the first RFID tag and a location for depositing of the second RFID tag.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a method comprising depositing a radio frequency shielding material on a first part of a cover material, depositing at least a first radio frequency identity tag and a second radio frequency identity tag on a second part of the cover material, cutting the cover material through the radio frequency shielding, and creating a fold in the flexible material, the fold separating the first part of the cover material from the second part of the cover material.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a shielding device comprising a shielding material configured to be temporally attached to an identity device and to shield an RFID tag within the identity device, and an attachment mechanism configured for attaching the shielding material to the identity device.
• Various embodiments of the invention include a shielded RFID device comprising an identity device comprising a greencard, driver's license or transaction card, and including an RFID tag, a surface configured to visually display identifying information, and a cover physically attached to the device, the cover including a radio frequency shielding material configured to shield the RFID tag in a first position and to not shield the RFID tag in a second position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 illustrates a container including a receptacle configured to store an ID incorporating an RFID tag, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a container including an RFID tag or alternatively an RFID tag reader.
• FIG. 3 illustrates various monitoring systems that employ illustrative embodiments of the container ofFIG. 2.
• FIG. 4 illustrates further details of an embodiment of the container ofFIG. 2 that includes a monitored vial.
• FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment of a monitored vial that includes more than one compartment.
• FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the container ofFIG. 2 wherein the container is a room.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an access system based on an RFID tag, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a clamshell ID including a base including an RFID tag and a cover connected to the base, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 9 illustrates a clamshell ID similar to that shown inFIG. 8 except that the base and cover are pivotally connected at a point rather than along an edge, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an ID similar to that shown inFIGS. 8 and 9 except that the cover is configured to fit into the base, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 11 illustrates further detail of some embodiments of a clamshell ID having a first cover and second cover separated by a fold.
• FIG. 12 illustrates further embodiments of a clamshell ID including a first cover and second cover separated by a fold.
• FIG. 13 illustrates a clamshell ID wherein shielding is added to a page, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 14 illustrates an identification device, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 15 illustrates a method of allowing communication to an RFID tag, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 16 illustrates a method of modifying an RFID enabled identification device, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 17 illustrates a method of making an identity device including, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a stage in the manufacture of an identification device, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 19 illustrates the method of manufacturing an identification device, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 20 illustrates an RFID reader system, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• FIG. 21 illustrates an alternative RFID reader system, according to various embodiments of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• Various embodiments of the present invention includes holders (e.g., containers) including radio frequency shielding materials to protect items, such as IDs (identification devices), incorporating RFID tags from being read. In some embodiments, a person can allow information within an RFID tag to be read by removing the item from the holder, while in other embodiments the holder is merely opened or removed to allow the RFID tag to be read. Replacing the item within the holder, or closing the holder, secures the item's RFID tag from unwanted readings from, or detection by, unknown or unauthorized RFID readers. It will be appreciated that items other than IDs, such as library books, consumer electronics, medications, and so forth, can also include, or be packaged with, RFID tags that a person may wish to shield from unauthorized RFID readers. Holders specifically tailored for such items, as well as general purpose holders such as wallets, purses and briefcases, can also include radio frequency shielding (also referred to herein as shielding) according to the present invention.
• The holder can be in the general form of a container as an illustrative example, having two similar rectangular sides joined around three edges, being configured to be repeatedly opened and close, and optionally including a closure or flap along the fourth side. Such holders are well suited to the typical shape of most personal IDs such as passports, driver's licenses, green cards, credit and debit cards, medical information, registration document, toll paying device, cards, insurance cards, medical alerts, student identification cards, security badges, immigration documents, national identity card, or the like. Typically, the holder is configured to be repeatedly opened and closed to receive the ID.
• The holder can also be a case such as a carrying-case for a cell phone or digital camera. The holder can also be a purse, suitcase, backpack, briefcase, satchel, glove compartment, a jewelry container, and the like. In some embodiments, the RF shielding is physically attached to the holder. The holder can alternatively include a checkbook holder, a wallet, a ticket holder, or a windshield visor pocket. Some embodiments of the invention are directed at articles of clothing in which one or more pockets include an attached radio frequency shielding material. Additional embodiments are directed to key holders.
• The desirability of RFID shielding for the objects listed above will be readily appreciated. Being able to read an RFID tag on a green card (an immigration document) without the owner of the green card giving consent or being aware that the green card is being read, for example, can enable less scrupulous individuals to engage in improper behaviors. Incorporating RFID shielding into a wallet, purse, or other type of holder would prevent an RFID tag on an item within the holder from being read unless the item is deliberately exposed to the RFID reader, for instance, by removing the item from the holder. In view of the problem of identity theft, such shielding is desirable for credit cards with RFID tags, social security cards with RFID tags, driver's licenses with RFID tags, and so forth.
• In some instances the RFID tag is essentially a label that has been attached to an object for inventory or similar purposes. Library books can carry RFID tags, for example. Accordingly, providing RFID shielding for various carrying devices, such as purses, suitcases, book bags, briefcases, and satchels can prevent RFID tags in library books and other objects from being read without permission. In other instances the RFID tag is more integral with an object. Consumer electronics, electronic media, and so forth, can be manufactured to include RFID tags inside of housings, on printed circuit boards, and on electronic components, for example. Often, such devices have specially designed cases such as cell phone cases and camera cases. These cases can also comprise RFID shielding to prevent the RFID tags in the associated devices from being read without authorization.
• In some embodiments, the holder is clear (e.g., transparent) so that the ID, such as a driver's license, can be readily seen without having to be removed from the holder. Many wallets include either a plastic sleeve or a leather pocket with a plastic window for this purpose. In some embodiments, of the invention in which at least part of the holder is transparent, the shielding in the transparent region needs to also be transparent. Certain electrically conductive polymers can serve as the RFID shielding material in these embodiments. Other transparent and non-transparent materials for RFID shielding are discussed further herein.
• In some embodiments, the holder is designed to allow the ID to be easily and repeatedly removed and returned. For instance, some credit and debit cards have a smaller format (mini-cards) and can be stored in a matching case that can serve as a fob for keys. In some of these embodiments, the holder and the ID card are pivotally attached to one another so that the ID card can flip out from the holder, and in still further embodiments a spring mechanism aids in extending and retracting the ID card. Other cases of the present invention can comprise a clamshell configuration. Such ID card holders of the present invention include an RFID shielding material.
• The present invention also provides for articles of clothing designed to include pockets that can shield RFID tags on objects within the pockets. In these embodiments the articles of clothing can be made from a cloth that includes a radio frequency shielding material, or the pocket can be lined with the radio frequency shielding material.
• The present invention also provides for key holders comprising RFID shielding. The keys that are held by such key holders can be either mechanical or electronic, where mechanical is used herein to refer to keys meant to fit into mechanical locks such as car keys, house keys, and the like. Electronic keys refer to keys that carry an encoded password on a magnetic strip, a bar code, an RFID tag, or the like. Either type of key can include an RFID tag as either a further component of the locking mechanism or for completely unrelated reasons. An RFID tag on a key is part of the locking mechanism, for example, when the lock reads the RFID tag for some purpose, such as to read the key numbers from RFID tags on different keys in order to track which keys are being used in the lock.
• Electronic keys are often placed on ID badges and other forms of identification. An RFID tag with such electronic keys may carry confidential information but be unrelated to the lock mechanism. In some embodiments, the key holder is retractable, and in some of these embodiments the key holder is spring-loaded to automatically retract the key into the key holder.
• In the embodiments described herein, the holder, whether an container, case, article of clothing, or key holder, has some form of opening through which the ID or other object having an RFID tag can be transferred. In some embodiments, the holder also includes a closure for closing the opening. In some of these embodiments, the closure can comprise a flap that closes over the opening. In other embodiments the closure is a zipper, Velcro, or related closure device. The closure can provide an electrical contact between opposing sides of the opening, in some instances.
• In some embodiments, the RFID shielding material is incorporated into an ID. For example, a passport can include an RFID shielding material in the passport's cover so that an RFID tag within the passport can only be read when the passport is opened. Similarly, a driver's license can include a clamshell cover and base including an RFID shielding material, or a pivoting cover including an RFID shielding material.
• The RFID shielding material can be provided in numerous different ways. The radio frequency shielding material can include a conductive material such as a metal or an electrically conductive plastic. The RFID shielding can be attached using adhesive. The radio frequency shielding material can include a mesh with a mesh size small enough to provide shielding against the radio frequency range used by RFID readers. The radio frequency shielding material can be laminated, either by laminating the RFID shielding material to another layer, such as a protective material layer, and/or by laminating together multiple layers of RFID shielding materials. In many embodiments the RFID shielding material is either flexible, transparent, or both. Examples of suitable RFID shielding materials include metal-coated elastomers such as aluminized Mylar and copper-coated plastic sheets and films. In some embodiments, the RFID shielding material is a semi-transparent mesh.
• In some embodiments, the RFID shielding material is effective to form a Faraday cage around the ID, object, or key. Closing the closure can be effective to complete the Faraday cage, in some instances. In other embodiments the RFID shielding is used in selective locations in the holder. For example, where a nation's passport includes an RFID tag in a lower right-hand corner of the cover, passport holders designed for that nation's passports need only include RFID shielding above and/or below the location of the RFID tag when the passport is in the passport holder.
• The RFID shielding shields an RFID tag from a reader in two ways. First, the RFID shielding greatly reduces the power being broadcast from the reader that reaches the RFID tag within the holder. This cuts the power available to the RFID tag to transmit information back. Secondly, even if the RFID tag receives enough power to transmit, the signal sent from the RFID tag is also attenuated. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the effectiveness of the RFID shielding can be varied considerably based on choices of radio frequency shielding materials and their thicknesses, mesh sizes, and so forth. In some embodiments, the radio frequency shielding material provides a reduction of input power to the RFID tag by between about 5 db-30 db, 10 db-25 db, 15 db-20 db, or more than 15, 25, 35 or 45 db.
• In some embodiments, the container is configured to be repeatedly opened and closed to receive an item including an RFID tag. In some embodiments, the container includes a closure configured to enhance the shielding.
• In some embodiments, the container configured to just fit a standard California driver's license. These embodiments may be characterized by inner dimensions of less then 3.5 inches, 3.75 inches, 4 or 4.5 inches height, and less then 2.25 inches, 2.5 inches or 2.75 inches in width. In some embodiments, the container is configured to just fit a U.S. passport or a passport issued by another country. These embodiments may be characterized by inner dimensions of less then 5 inches, 5.25 inches, 5.5 inches or 6 inches in height, and less than 3.5 inches, 3.75 inches, 4 inches or 4.5 inches in width.
• FIG. 1 illustrates aContainer100 including aReceptacle110 configured to store an ID130 (identification device) incorporating anRFID Tag140. TheContainer100 andReceptacle110 may include a wallet, purse, passport holder, key chain, ticket holder, pocket, sleeve, slot, opening, niche, compartment, lid & base, glove compartment, jewelry, suitcase, backpack, bag, carrier, carton, box, sack, carton, casing, shell, carapace, covering, sheath, or the like.Container100 further includes attachedShielding120 configured to attenuate the transmission of radio frequency signals to or from theRFID Tag140.Receptacle110 is configured to be repeatedly opened and repeatedly closed for insertion and removal ofID130.
• Container100 is optionally transparent such thatID130 can be viewed while inReceptacle110. In these embodiments,Shielding120 may be transparent orShielding120 may be disposed on a first side ofReceptacle110 andID130 can be viewed through a second side ofReceptacle110. Shielding120 is optional on the second side ofReceptacle110.
• FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of aContainer200 includingRFID Tag140 or alternatively anRFID tag Reader210.Container200 is optionally an embodiment of the Container ofFIG. 1, and visa-versa.Container200 further includes Shielding120 configured to attenuate the transmission of radio frequency signals to or from theRFID Tag140 orReader210. The shielding effect of theShielding120 is optionally dependent on a state of theContainer200. For example, in some embodiments, theShielding120 may be more efficient at attenuating RF transmission whenContainer120 is closed than when it is open. As such, in some embodiments, the state of theContainer200 may be determined by a magnitude of a detected radio frequency signal betweenRFID Tag140 andReader210 either of which may be withinContainer200.
• FIG. 3 illustrates various monitoring systems that employ illustrative embodiments ofContainer200. These illustrative embodiments include a wall hanging (e.g., a Picture320), aRefrigerator325, aJewelry Box330, a Chest ofDrawers335, aMonitored Vial340, aFiling Cabinet345, and aSafe350. In these embodiments, the monitoring systems further includeRFID tag Reader210 and optional Alarm and/orLog310. Each of these examples ofContainer200 include one ormore RFID Tag140 and Shielding120 (whether shown or not) configured to modify the transmission of RFID signals fromReader210 toRFID Tags140 responsive to a state of theContainer200.
• For example, thePicture320 illustrated includes Shielding120 (not shown) that surrounds theRFID Tag140 whilePicture320 is mounted onWall330. Shielding120 is configured such that the attenuation effect of the shielding will be reduced ifPicture320 is removed fromWall330. For example,Shielding120 may be disposed to form a Faraday cage around or interfere with the RFID Tag140 (e.g. be on the back of the picture, optional standoffs, and/or wall) and ifPicture320 is removed from Wall330 a resulting gap, or reduction in interference, will allow increased RFID signal transmission between the associatedRFID Tag140 andReader210.Picture320 may alternatively be a statue or some other object designed to sit on a surface with an RFID tag between the object and the surface.
• In a similar manner each of theRefrigerator325,Jewelry Box330,Chest335,Monitored Vial340, FilingCabinet345 andSafe350 includes Shielding120 configured such that a magnitude of an RFID tag signal received byReader210 is dependent on whether the particular container is open or not.
• Reader210 is configured to detect RFID signals from one or more of theRFID Tags140 and to generate a responsive output signal. In some embodiments, this responsive output signal is a quantitative or qualitative indication of the state of one or more of the containers. The reader is optionally configured to distinguish the signals received from each of the one or more RFID tags and, thus, identify which of the containers is open.
• Alarm/Log unit310 is optionally an alarm system or a logging system configured to activate an alarm or log an event responsive to the output signal ofReader210. For example, in some embodiments, the Alarm/Log unit310 is configured to activate an alarm whenPicture320 is removed from the wall orSafe350 is opened. In some embodiments, theAlarm Log unit310 is configured to log when FilingCabinet345,Chest335 or Drawers orRefrigerator325 is opened.
• In alternative embodiments,Reader210 may be placed within the container andRFID Tag140 outside.
• FIG. 4 illustrates further details of an embodiment of the Container ofFIG. 2 that includes MonitoredVial340. MonitoredVial340 includes shielding in aLid410 and/orBase420. When theLid410 andBase420 are attached the shielding attenuates any signal from theenclosed RFID Tag140. WhenLid410 is opened the attenuation is reduced. The RFID tag is optionally disposed on the underside ofLid410. The illustrated embodiments are optionally used to monitor the use of medication or other material stored within MonitoredVial340. The monitored vial is optionally an alternative form ofContainer200 and optionally configured to store alternative types of goods. In some embodiments,Reader210 ofFIG. 3 is configured to log when MonitoredVial340 is opened and closed. For example, if a user has a medication that should be taken at aspecific time Reader210 may be used to detect if MonitoredVial340 is opened at these times and activate a reminder using Alarm/Log310 if MonitoredVial340 is not opened at a time medication should be taken.
• FIG. 5 illustrates another embodiment ofMonitored Vial340 that includes more than oneCompartment510. EachCompartment510 includes aseparate RFID Tag140 that may be separately identifiable usingReader210. This embodiment may be used, for example, to monitor an activity that should occur at a variety of different times (e.g., times of day or days of the week.).
• FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the Container ofFIG. 2 whereinContainer200 includes aRoom610. In these embodiments, radio frequency signals betweenRFID Tag140 andReader210 may be used to determine if an opening to the room is open.Room610 includes Shielded Wall(s)620 that block radio frequency signals betweenTag140 andReader210 when anOpening630 is closed. When Opening630 isopen Tag140 can be detected byReader210 and this stage can be logged by Alarm/Log310. While the illustration showsReader210 withinRoom610 andRFID Tag140 outside, these positions are optionally exchanged.Room610 is optionally a shipping container.RFID Tag140 is optionally mounted onOpening630 such thatTag140 is brought within reading range ofReader210 whenOpening630 is opened. Opening630 can be, for example, a window or door.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an access system based on anRFID Tag140.RFID Tag140 is optionally implanted within a Animal orPerson720 or attached to an animal collar. A Reader/Lock Control710 is configured to detect a signal fromRFID Tag140 and to control aLock740 in response.Lock740 controls the function of aBarrier730, such as a door or gate. Reader/Lock Control710 is optionally programmable to operate responsive to particular instances ofRFID Tag140.
• The Reader/Lock Control710 illustrated inFIG. 7 is optionally used in the following manner.RFID Tag140 is placed within or attached to the Animal orPerson720. Reader/Lock Control710 is placed in a programming mode. A serial number of theRFID Tag140 is programmed into the Reader/Lock Control710 either by digital data entry or communication, or by bringing theRFID Tag140 within the reading range of the Reader/Lock Control710, such that the serial number can be read from theRFID Tag140. The Reader/Lock Control710 in placed in a normal operation mode wherein it monitor's for the presence of theRFID Tag140. TheRFID Tag140 is detected by the Reader/Lock Control710. The serial number is read from the detectedRFID Tag140 by Reader/Lock Control710. Reader/Lock Control710 compares the read serial number with the serial number programmed into the Reader/Lock Control710 while in the programming mode. If the read and programmed serial numbers agreeLock740 is activated in response. Activation ofLock730 controls (e.g., locks or unlocks) access throughBarrier730. After the detected RFID tag is no longer detected by the Reader/Lock Control710, Reader/Lock Control710 optionally reactivatesLock740 to return it to a previous state.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a Clamshell ID810 (e.g. greencard (immigration card), passport, driver's license, credit card, debit card, key card, national identity card, or the like).Clamshell ID810 includes an optional picture, aBase830 including anRFID Tag140, and aCover820 connected toBase830 in a clamshell configuration, e.g., connected along an edge or Fold840. Cover820 and/orBase830 include RFID shielding configured to attenuate radio frequency signals to or fromRFID Tag140 whenCover820 is closed (e.g., shut), and to not attenuate, or attenuate to a lesser extent, radio frequency signals to or fromRFID Tag140 whenCover820 is open. The shielding is optionally laminated intoBase830 and/orCover820. In some embodiments,Clamshell ID810 includes shielding in bothBase830 andCover820.Base820 can be the cover of a passport or other document.
• In various embodiments,Clamshell ID810 includes a passport, driver's license, credit card, etc. that includes RF shielding in one part (e.g., a page or cover) and an RFID tag in another part (e.g., a different page or cover). Not shown inFIG. 8 are pages that may be included between the covers (e.g.,Base830 and Cover820). The RF shielding andRFID Tag140 are configured such that, whenClamshell ID810 is closed the shielding interferes with the RF pickup of the RFID tag to an extent sufficient for reading ofRFID Tag140 to be attenuated.
• In some embodiments,Clamshell ID810 can be closed in two ways. First, such that a picture and/or other identification information is displayed on the exposed surface ofBase830. Or, second, such that the picture and/or other identification information are covered byCover820. These two methods of closure are achieved by rotatingCover820 andBase830 relative to each other in different directions aroundFold840. In the first instance, the picture and/or other identification information can be used for identification whileRFID Tag140 is still shielded. Thus,Clamshell ID810 can be used for identification (non-RFID) withoutunshielding RFID Tag140.
• When theClamshell ID810 is open, the shielding is less close toRFID Tag140 and, thus, the interference of the shielding is reduced andRFID Tag140 can be read. The shielding does not necessarily form a Faraday cage aroundRFID Tag140 whenClamshell ID810 is closed. In some embodiments, shielding is not included in the part ofClamshell ID810 that includes theRFID Tag140.Clamshell ID810 is optionally formed by laminatingRFID Tag140 and RF shielding between layers ofCover820 or to a page disposed betweenCover820 andBase830. Further visible information such as a name and/or photograph can be placed on any surface of the Clamshell ID. Thus, in some embodiments, this visible information is visible when the Clamshell ID is open or closed. In other embodiments, this visible information is visible only when the Clamshell ID is open.
• FIG. 9 illustrates anID910 similar to that shown inFIG. 8 except thatBase830 andCover820 are pivotally connected at aPivot Point920 rather than in a clamshell configuration. Cover820 is configured to rotate overBase830 as shown. WhenCover820 covers theBase830 theRFID Tag140 is shielded. WhenCover820 is rotated away fromBase830RFID Tag140 is unshielded. In some embodiments,Cover820 may have two sections between which Base830 fits. EitherCover820 and/orBase830 can include the RF shielding.
• FIG. 10A and 10B illustrate an ID similar to that shown inFIGS. 8 and 9 except thatCover820 is configured to fit into Base839, or visa versa. In the example shown,Cover820 slides into and out of a slot inBase830 and thus shields and exposes, respectively,RFID Tag140. This embodiment may include an item to be worn such as a medical alert bracelet, an identity tag, a ring, clothing, glasses, or the like. For example, in the case of a medical alert bracelet, the bracelet includes an RFID tag (having medical information) that is only readable when a cover element of the bracelet is opened to expose the RFID tag to an RFID tag reader. When the cover is opened medical personal can read data from the RFID tag. When the cover is closed the medical information is shielded from being read by unauthorized persons and is thus kept confidential.
• One embodiment of the invention includes the credit card (16) and case having sides (12) and (14) as illustrated in U.S. patent application 2004/0117514. In this embodiment, credit card (16) further (additionally) includes anRFID Tag140 and sides (12) and/or (14) n further include RF shielding, or visa versa. The credit card may be replaced by an alternative type of ID device, e.g., a driver's license, debit card, or others discussed herein.
• On embodiment of the invention includes the credit card (3) and holder (1) as illustrated in U.S. patent application 2005/0011776. In this embodiment, credit card (3) further includes anRFID Tag140 and the holder (1) further includes RF shielding. The credit card may be replaced by an alternative type of ID device, e.g., a driver's license, debit card, or the like.
• One embodiment of the invention includes the carrying case taught in U.S. patent application 2004/0256469, wherein the carrying case further includes RF shielding.
• One embodiment of the invention includes the credit card and pivoting case described in U.S. patent application 2004/0237360, wherein an RFID tag is included in one part (e.g., the credit card) and shielding in another part (e.g., the case). Thus, when the credit card is pivoted into the case the RFID tag is shielded. One embodiment of the invention includes a credit card and case illustrated inFIG. 10 of U.S. patent application 2004/0237360. In this embodiment, the credit card includes anRFID Tag140 and the case includes shielding. The credit card may be replaced by an alternative type of ID device, e.g., a driver's license, debit card, or the like.
• One embodiment of the invention includes the security wallet illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,497, wherein the security wallet further includes RFID shielding.
• Various embodiments of the invention include the foldable transaction cards illustrated in US. Patent Applications 2004/0169087 and 2004/0089724, wherein shielding is further included in one side of the fold whileRFID Tag140 is further included in the other side.RFID Tag140 is shielded when the transaction card is folded closed and unshielded when it is open.
• Various embodiments of the invention include the several different folding cards illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,700,037 and Application 2005/0205665. Wherein these cards further includeRFID Tag140 in one part and shielding in another part, such that in one foldposition RFID Tag140 is shielded by the shielding, and in another foldposition RFID Tag140 is un-shielded.
• One embodiment of the invention includes the credit card case illustrated in U.S. patent application 2002/0117243. Where in the credit card case further includes shielding configured to shield an rfid enabled credit card or other identification device.
• FIG. 11 illustrates further detail of some embodiments ofClamshell ID810, having aFirst Cover1110 and aSecond Cover1120 separated byFold840.First Cover1110 and aSecond Cover1120 may be, for example,Base830 andCover820. Fold840 can be a spine, hinge, crease, or the like. In alternative embodiments,First Cover1110 and/orSecond Cover1120 can be embodied as a page or pages between covers of an identity document.Shielding1130 is disposed as part of the second cover (e.g., or on or in an ID document cover or page).Shielding1130 is optionally disposed away fromfold840 such that, whenClamshell ID810 is open, the shielding as well separated fromRFID Tag140. In various embodiments, the separation between shielding1130 and Fold840 is greater than 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm or 30 mm. Likewise,RFID Tag140 is optionally disposed away fromFold830. In various embodiments, the separation betweenRFID Tag140 and Fold840 is greater than 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm or 30 mm. Alternatively,RFID Tag140 and/orShielding1130 may be disposed toabut Fold840.
• FIG. 12 illustrates embodiments ofClamshell ID810 including aFirst Cover1210 and aSecond Cover1220 separated byFold830. These embodiments further include aPage1230 disposed betweenFirst Cover1210 andSecond Cover1220.Page1230 includesRFID Tag140 orShielding1130. For example, these embodiments ofClamshell ID810 can include a passport including a photograph and identity information within an inside surface (facing toward Page1230) ofFirst Cover1210,RFID Tag140 withinFirst Cover1210 orSecond Cover1220, and Shielding1130 withinPage1230.RFID Tag140 can be shielded and un-shielded by movingPage1230 close to or away fromRFID Tag140. In embodiments, whereinRFID Tag140 is included inSecond Cover1220,RFID Tag140 is shielded whenPage1230 is held close toSecond Cover1220. In this position is may be possible to view the photograph and identity information within the inside surface ofFirst Cover1210 withoutun-shielding RFID Tag140. WhenPage1230 is moved away fromSecond Cover1220 thenRFID Tag140 is unshielded.
• By including theRF Shielding1130 with one of the one ormore Page1230,Clamshell ID810 can be opened without necessarily removingShielding1130 from the vicinity ofRFID Tag140. For example, ifRFID Tag140 is disposed within the back cover, andClamshell ID810 is opened such that the inside of theFirst Cover1210 is visible,Page1230 includingShielding1130 could remain adjacent toSecond Cover1220 and thus limit communication with theRFID Tag140. To allow communication withRFID Tag130Page1230 includingShielding1130 is turned such that it moves away fromSecond Cover1220. TheShielding1130 may be attached toPage1230 or be included withinPage1230. For example,Shielding1130 may be laminated withinPage1230, be sewn onPage1230, be glued onPage1230, be within the material ofPage1230, or otherwise be connected toPage1230. In various embodiments,Shielding1130 includes a wire mesh, metallic fibers, metallic particles, metallic thread, or the like. Shielding is optionally attached to a binding ofClamshell ID810 asPage1230.Page1230 is optionally bound to Clamshell ID by stable, pin, wire, thread, adhesive, laminate, or the like.
• FIG. 13 illustrates embodiments ofClamshell ID810 whereinShielding1130 is added toPage1230 following assembly of Clamshell ID. In these embodiments,Shielding1130 is included in aShielding Insert1310. ShieldingInsert1310 optionally includes Adhesive1320 or some other mechanism for attachingShielding Insert1310 toPage1230. The attachment of ShieldingInsert1310 toPage1230 can be permanent or temporary (e.g., ShieldingInsert1310 may be removable). In various embodiments, ShieldingInsert1310 includes a metal plate, wire mesh, metallic fibers, metallic particles, metallic thread, or other forms of shielding.
• The size ofShielding Insert1310 is optionally the same as or slightly smaller then a European Union Passport, a Japanese Passport, a Chinese Passport, a United States Passport, or the like. Alternatively, in various embodiments, ShieldingInsert1310 is configured in size such that it can be attached toClamshell ID810 at least greater than 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm or 30 mm fromFold830. For example, ShieldingInsert1310 may be configured to attach toPage1230 such thatShielding Insert1310 extends from near an outer edge (opposite Fold830) ofPage1230 to within 10 mm ofFold830.
• FIG. 14 illustrates embodiments of anIdentification Device1410, such asClamshell ID810. In these embodiments, ShieldingInsert1310 includes one ormore clips1420, clamp, pin, slot, rivet, or other mechanism configured for, optionally temporary, attachingShielding Insert1310 toIdentification Device1410. ShieldingInsert1320 is optionally pivotally connected toIdentification Device1210. In the embodiments illustrated byFIG. 14, Fold830,Second Cover1220 andPage1230 are optional. For example,Identification Device1410 can be a single piece driver's license, credit card, etc. (without separate front and back covers) includingRFID Tag140. ShieldingInsert1310 is configured to be attached toFirst Cover1210,Page1230, and/orSecond Cover1220. In theseembodiments Page1230 need not include shielding. In some embodiments, ShieldingInsert1310 may be attached to that part ofIdentification Device1410 that includesRFID Tag140. In these embodiments, ShieldingInsert1310 is inserted to shieldRFID Tag140 and removed in order to un-shieldRFID Tag140. In some embodiments, ShieldingInsert1310 includes a flat metal plate configured to fit within a passport, e.g., a passport issued by the United States, a European Country, or an Asian Country. In these embodiments, the size of shielding insert may be similar to or slightly smaller than the dimensions of the passport. In some embodiments,Shielding Insert1310 can include an attachment device, such asClip1420, on more than one side (face). As such,Shielding Insert1310 may be configured to shield and RFID enabled driver's license on one side and an RFID enabled credit card on the other side. ShieldingInsert1310 is optionally approximately the size of a driver's license or credit card. In some embodiments, ShieldingInsert1310 has height and width dimensions similar to or smaller than a page between the front cove and the back cover. ShieldingInsert1310 is optionally thin and optionally flexible.
• As illustrated inFIG. 15, some embodiments of the invention include a method of allowing communication to an RFID tag. The method includes a Step1510 of opening a front cover of an identification device, such asClamshell ID810 orIdentification Device1410, in order to make information included on the inside of the front cover visible, an RF shielding page being kept in proximity of the back cover such that an RF tag within the back cover is unreadable. The RF shielding page can be for example an instance ofPage1230 or a page with ShieldingInsert1310 attached. The method further includes aStep1520 of visually presenting the information on the inside of the front cover. The information can include a name, citizenship, photograph, identification number, or the like. Astep1530 includes turning the shielding page away from the back cover such that the RFID tag becomes un-shielded and can communicate with a reader. The shielding page is a page, between the front cover and the back cover, that includes or is attached to RF shielding configured to limit communication with the RFID tag. In alternative embodiments of this method, the rolls of the front cover and back cover are reversed.
• As illustrated inFIG. 16, some embodiments of the invention include a method of modifying an RFID enabled identification device, e.g.,Identification Device1410. This method includes, aStep1610 of opening the identification device by turning a back cover away from a front cover; aStep1620 of selecting a page disposed (optionally bound) between the front cover and the back cover; anoptional Step1630 of exposing an adhesive surface on an RF shielding insert, the RF shielding configured to limit RF communication between an RFID tag included in the identification device and a reader; and aStep1640 of attaching the RF shielding insert to the selected page using the exposed adhesive. In alternative embodiments, the adhesive is optionally replaced by a clip, clamp, pin, slot, or other mechanism configured for temporary attachment to the identification device. The identification device is optionally a passport, driver's license, immigration document, national identity document, or other identification device discussed herein. The RF shielding insert is optionally sized (as discussed elsewhere herein) such that it is disposed at a distance from a fold in the identification device.
• As illustrated byFIG. 17, one embodiment of the invention includes a method of making an identity device including: aStep1710 of adding an RFID tag to a first cover layer; aStep1720 of adding a second cover layer such that the RFID tag is disposed between the first cover layer and the second cover layer; and aStep1730 of a attaching an RF shield to the combined first cover layer and second cover layer. The RF shield is optionally attached as a page configured to be disposed between to parts of the combined first cover layer and second cover layer when the combination is folded. The RF shield is optionally temporally attached to the combined first cover layer and second cover layer.
• FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating the manufacture of an identification device, such as a passport. At one stage in themanufacturing process Shielding1130 is dispensed in the form of a strip. The strip is laid down over what will be several separate identification devices when the manufacturing is completed. A plurality ofRFID Tags140 are deposited. The assembled material, including shielding is cut along a Cutting Line1820 (cutting area) to separate the locations where theRFID Tags140 are deposited or to be deposited. As a result a plurality of identity documents are produced. The cut alongCutting Line1820 occurs after Shielding1130 is laid down. Pages are optionally added to the assembled material prior to cutting.
• FIG. 19 illustrates the method of illustrating an identification device as shown inFIG. 18. In anAdd Shielding Step1910, shielding is added to an area of a cover that will become a first identification device and a second identification device. In anAdd RFIDs Step1920, a first RFID tag is added to that part of the cover that will become the first identification device and a second RFID tag is added to that part of the cover that will become the second identification device. In aCut Step1930, the cover is cut to separate that part that will become the first identification device and that part that will be come the second identification device. CutStep1930 includes cutting the shielding added inAdd Shielding Step1910.
• FIG. 20 illustrates an RFID reader system configured to readClamshell ID810 e.g., an RFID enabled passport including shielding. Spacing between anRFID Reader2010 and aBase2020 is configured to form aPassport Slot2030.RFID Reader2010 is configured to readClamshell ID810. The height ofPassport Slot2030 is configured such thatClamshell ID810 is sufficiently open when passed thoughPassport Slot2030 between theRFID Reader2010 andBase2020. E.g.,Passport Slot2030 is configured such that, in order to pass throughPassport Slot2030Clamshell ID810 cannot be partially open such that shielding withinClamshell ID810 could block the communication betweenRFID Reader2010 and the RFID tag included inClamshell ID810. The width of the passport slot is optionally configured to assure that the shielding is not disposed between the RFID reader and the RFID tag.
• FIG. 21 illustrates an RFID reader system including more than one RFID readers (RFID Reader2010A, RFID Reader1010B, and optionally RFID Reader1010C). The more than one RFID readers are disposed such that any shielding within an ID is never within the line of sites between all of the one or more RFID readers and an RFID tag in a reading volume. And in addition, the more than one RFID readers are disposed such that the angle between an antenna of the RFID tag is at least one of the RFID readers is favorable for communicating between the RFID tag and RFID reader. Achieving both or these criteria may require three or more RFID readers. In alternative embodiments, this system may include fewer or more RFID readers than illustrated. The illustrated readers optionally surround a walk through reading volume.
• Several embodiments are specifically illustrated and/or described herein. However, it will be appreciated that modifications and variations are covered by the above teachings and within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope thereof. For example, an RFID key device may include more than one RFID tag and moving of shielding may be used to determine which RFID tag can communicate with readers. The RFID tags discussed herein may include active or passive contactless circuits configured to transmit identification information. For example,Container200 may be configured such thatRFID Tag140 is shielded whenContainer200 is open and not shielded whenContainer200 is closed.
• The embodiments discussed herein are illustrative of the present invention. As these embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to illustrations, various modifications or adaptations of the methods and or specific structures described may become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications, adaptations, or variations that rely upon the teachings of the present invention, and through which these teachings have advanced the art, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hence, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered in a limiting sense, as it is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to only the embodiments illustrated.

Claims (20)

1. A wallet comprising:

a receptacle configured to receive an identification device including an RFID tag; and

a radio frequency shielding attached to the wallet and configured to shield the RFID tag when the identification device is placed in the receptacle.

2. The wallet ofclaim 1, wherein the identification device can be viewed while in the receptacle.

3. The wallet ofclaim 1, wherein the radio frequency shielding is disposed on a first side of the receptacle and the identification device can be viewed through a second side of the receptacle.

4. The wallet ofclaim 1, wherein the identification device is a driver's license, credit card, or debit card.

5. The wallet ofclaim 1, wherein the receptacle includes a sleeve within the wallet.

6. The wallet ofclaim 1, wherein the radio frequency shielding is attached using an adhesive, thread, pin, rivet, or laminate.

7. A purse comprising:

a receptacle configured to receive an identification device including an RFID tag; and

a radio frequency shielding attached to the purse and configured to shield the RFID tag when the identification device is placed in the receptacle.

8. The purse ofclaim 7, wherein the radio frequency shielding is attached using an adhesive, thread, pin, rivet or laminate.

9. The purse ofclaim 7, wherein the receptacle includes a sub-compartment within the purse.

10. A vehicle comprising:

a receptacle attached to the vehicle and configured to receive an identification device including an RFID tag;

a radio frequency shielding attached to the receptacle and configured to shield the RFID tag when the identification device is placed within the receptacle.

11. The vehicle area ofclaim 10, wherein the receptacle includes a glove compartment, console, trunk, or windshield visor organizer.

12. The vehicle area ofclaim 10, wherein the identification device includes a driver's license, registration document, or toll payment device.

13. A container comprising:

an RFID tag configured for determining if the container is open or closed; and

radio frequency shielding configured to shield a signal from the RFID tag responsive to whether the container is open or closed.

14. The container ofclaim 13, further including an RFID reader configured to receive a signal from the RFID tag and to generate a signal responsive to whether the container is open or closed.

15. The container ofclaim 14, further including a logger configured to log whether the container is open or closed, or activate an alarm responsive to whether the container is open or closed.

16. The container ofclaim 13, wherein the container is configured to hold a pharmaceutical.

17. The container ofclaim 13, wherein the container is part of a security system.

18. The container ofclaim 13, wherein the RFID tag is disposed within the container.

19. The container ofclaim 13, wherein the container is a room.

20. The container ofclaim 13, wherein the radio frequency shielding is configured to shield the signal from the RFID tag when the container is closed.

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