US20060001677A1 - Color selection and coordination system - Google Patents

Abstract

A distributed color selection and coordination system including a remote computer communicatively coupled to a server. The remote computer configured to select a starting color and access a database in the server to find one or more complementary colors. The colors in the database arranged in a predetermined relationship with other colors in the database, the relationship between colors based on color theory. The remote computer being capable of storing personal information and color selections on the server. An in-store kiosk is communicatively coupled to the server and configured to execute color selection and coordination software. The in-store kiosk being capable of retrieving stored personal information and color selections from the server which was previously stored from the remote computer.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/703,361 filed on Nov. 6, 2003. This non-provisional United States (U.S.) patent application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/703,351 filed on Nov. 6, 2003 by inventors Mary Rice et al., titled “Data-Driven Color Coordinator”, incorporated by reference herein, and is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/704,109 filed on Nov. 6, 2003 by inventors Mary Rice et al., titled “Color Selection and Coordination Kiosk and System”, also incorporated by reference herein. U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,510 entitled Patent Color Matching and Coordination System is further incorporated by reference herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• Various embodiments of the invention pertain to facilitating the selection of harmonious colors. More particularly, at least one embodiment of the invention relates to a system and method for aiding consumers in the selection of complementary paint colors.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
• Consumers typically begin a new painting project because of a desire for change. This typically stems from wanting a new look, being tired of the old look, boredom, seeing an interior elsewhere (e.g., model home tour, friend's house, magazine photo, etc.) to replicate, and/or wanting to match a new piece of furniture, fabric, window treatment, etc. In other instances, a new event or occurrence (e.g., new baby, children growing up or moving out, relatives visiting, water damage from roof leak/flooding, etc.) may motivate a consumer to paint a room or rooms.
• The home painting process typically starts with color selection and this is typically the more emotional part of the process. Many consumers are concerned of making a mistake in the color selection process and then having to live with it or do it over.
• A paint project involves the selection of one or more colors, which a consumer typically wishes complement each other, the floor, and/or furniture pieces. A consumer may start a paint project with a color in mind, or try to match furniture or other decorative item, or simply be looking for a new color. Regardless of how they start, most consumers want to achieve a decorated look when finished. They typically look to brands, retailers, printed material and even computer programs to help them.
• However, because most paint marketing programs often fail to encourage daring or personal color selection, the vast majority of consumers are reluctant to try new colors. Instead, they stick to the standard “whites and neutrals,” which while minimizing the danger of making a mistake, also limits their emotional attachment to the process and the brand.
SUMMARY
• One embodiment of the invention provides a distributed color selection and coordination system including a remote computer communicatively coupled to a server. The remote computer configured to select a starting color and access a database in the server to find one or more complementary colors. The colors in the database are arranged in a predetermined relationship with other colors in the database, the relationship between colors based on color theory. The remote computer being capable of storing personal information and color selections on the server. An in-store kiosk is communicatively coupled to the server and configured to execute color selection and coordination software. The in-store kiosk being capable of retrieving stored personal information and color selections from the server which was previously stored from the remote computer.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 illustrates a front-side perspective view of the color coordination kiosk cabinet according to one embodiment of an aspect of the invention.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a back-side perspective view of the color coordination kiosk and how a first horizontal surface and computer may be mounted in the kiosk cabinet according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 3 illustrates how a second horizontal supporting surface may be mounted within the color coordination kiosk cabinet according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a back-side perspective view of the color coordination kiosk where other features of the kiosk are shown according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a front side perspective view of the color coordination kiosk showing how a printer may be integrated as part of the kiosk according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 6 illustrates how the printer may be secured to the color coordination kiosk to prevent theft according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of a paint color selection and coordination system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 8 illustrates one embodiment of a log-in and/or registration system according to one implementation of the paint selection and coordination invention.
• FIG. 9 illustrates various components and navigation paths that a user may select once the user has logged in or otherwise been allowed to enter the paint selection and coordination system.
• FIG. 10 illustrates the path or trajectory that may be followed in the selection or editing of colors according to one embodiment of the color selection system.
• FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of the invention with various options that may be available to a user when electing to work in an active project.
• FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the processing of various options inFIG. 11 according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a planning feature of the paint selection system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIGS. 14-17 are flow diagrams illustrating various user tutorial options that may be provided by the paint selection and coordination system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 18 illustrates one embodiment of a products option according to one implementation of the paint selection and coordination system.
• FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of a distributed system in which multiple in-store kiosks and remote computers may access the same paint color selection and coordination system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 20 illustrates one method of using the distributed paint color selection and coordination system according to one implementation of the invention.
• FIG. 21 illustrates one embodiment of a system that may be implemented over the Internet to permit a user to access the paint color selection and coordination system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIGS.22A-F are a block diagram for a color coordination and selection application that may be implemented in an in-store kiosk according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIGS.23A-E are a block diagram illustrating the details of the printing process ofblock2288, inFIG. 22, according to one implementation of the invention.
• FIG. 24A-L are a block diagram illustrating a network-based color coordination and selection application according to one implementation of the invention.
• FIGS.25A-D are a block diagram illustrating the details of selecting and fine-tuning a paint color over a network-based coordination application according to one implementation of the invention.
• FIGS. 26-27 illustrate first and second initial color selection screens;FIGS. 28-29 illustrate respective first and second screens presented after a user has scanned a paint sample to detect its color.
• FIG. 30 illustrates an initial screen of a browse paint color selection feature according to an illustrative embodiment.
• FIG. 31 illustrates a second screen of the browse feature enterable from the screen ofFIG. 31.
• FIG. 33 illustrates a screen display when associated whites are selected on either the screen ofFIG. 31 orFIG. 32.
• FIG. 34 illustrates a fourth screen of the browse selection feature which appears when the user clicks on one of the associated white icons illustrated inFIG. 33. (?)
• FIG. 35 illustrates a screen designed as part of the browse feature, for example when “neutrals/blacks” is selected on the screen ofFIG. 30.
• FIGS. 36, 42 and37 illustrate additional screens related to browsing neutral colors.
• FIG. 38 illustrates a screen enterable when a “whites” link is selected on the screen ofFIG. 30.
• FIG. 39 illustrates a screen providing a fine tune feature of a color selected, for example via screens31-33.
• FIG. 41 illustrates a screen which facilitates the fine tuning of neutral colors.
• FIG. 40 illustrates the appearance of the screen ofFIG. 39 when a user has selected the brightest color available.
• FIG. 43 illustrates a display screen facilitating the fine tuning of white colors selected, for example via the screen ofFIG. 38.
• FIGS. 44-49 illustrate screens for implementing a preferred functionality whereby a user may select a color and then build his/her own color palette.
• FIGS. 50-55 depict screens of an illustrative embodiment providing an inspirational idea sequence to a user.
• FIG. 56 illustrates a color selection table employable for example in a browse color selection method.
• FIG. 57 is a schematic depiction of a four color paint selection palette.
• FIGS. 58-63 are respective arc cross sections of 3-D color space useful in illustrating a method for determining first and second colors which match third and fourth colors already pre-selected by a user.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• In the following description numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, one skilled in the art would recognize that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, and/or components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the invention.
• In the following description, certain terminology is used to describe certain features of one or more embodiments of the invention. For instance, “kiosk” includes any type of device, computer, processing unit, etc. The term “color coordination” refers to any system, method, data structure or model, software, and/or device that provides a set of colors that is in harmony with, complement, and/or is aesthetically pleasing when combined with, a starting color. The terms “starting color” and “core color” are interchangeably used to refer to any color that may be selected or provided by a user to coordinate around. The term “hue” refers to the angle of the color when mapped into color space; hue ranges from 0-360 degrees. The term “triad” refers to a color approximately 120 degree from the core color (hue). The terms “complement” or “complementary”, such as complementary colors, refers to a color approximately 180 degree from the core color, such that complement plus core equals white. The term “analogous” color refers to a color with a slightly different hue angle but belonging to the same general color area in color space. The term “shade” is a relative term meaning darker color but otherwise similar hue and relative chroma. The term “tint” is a relative term meaning lighter color but otherwise similar hue and relative chroma. The term “color family” refers to colors within a hue range of about 4 to 8 degrees. The term “accent”, in painting, refers to a color used to add an interesting splash to a room but is not used consistently across the room. An accent color may be used across the room through other decorative items such as fabrics, etc. In exteriors, doors are often treated as accents. The term “trim”, in painting, includes baseboards, windows, crown molding, and fascia boards. A trim color often contrasts with a core color in lightness value and/or hue. The term “depth” is another term for “lightness”. The term “warm”, such as a warm color or triad, refers to colors that can be associated with fire, such as reds, oranges, and yellows. The term “cool”, such as a cool color or triad, refers to colors that can be associated with water, such as blues and greens. Generally, colors that are more green than yellow are cool (and vice versa) and colors that are more red than blue are warm (and vice versa).
• While various embodiments aspects of the invention refer to a paint selection and coordination system, the present invention is to be interpreted broadly to cover any color selection and/or coordination system, application, and/or device.
• Various aspects of the invention provide a novel system for aiding buyers in the selection and coordination of paint colors for various types of paint projects. One aspect of the present invention provides an interactive paint selection system and expert coordinator that provides consumers with a new and unique way of shopping and selecting paint and stain products. The interactive paint selection system and expert coordinator is aimed at encouraging and enabling consumers to unleash their creative powers confidently with products and services that inspire and engage them in home improvement projects.
• Another aspect of the invention provides a distributed paint selection and coordination system that permits users to remotely access an automatic and interactive paint coordinator/advisor, setup a project, and select desired colors. A user may access the previously saved project from an in-store kiosk with a very similar graphical user interface. The distributed system permits updating software and data to the in-store kiosks as well as the remote user application.
• An interactive system presents a unique opportunity to establish a “one-on-one” relationship with customers. However, there are some difficulties particular to the paint industry that make developing an interactive marketing effort challenging. Foremost is paint's high dependence on color. Consumers are sophisticated enough to know that they can't trust the color on a display screen, which begs the question as to why use a “screen” to pick colors. Color discrepancies should be minimized and the ultimate color choice should be made with traditional means.
• Most consumers are uncomfortable choosing colors. They are conscious that any colors they choose are a reflection of themselves. They are afraid to make mistakes that broadcast to their friends and neighbors that they have poor taste. Beyond this fear, consumers yearn to express themselves creatively and confidently. Having a tool that calms their fears, inspires creative expression, and verifies color choices is viewed as an extremely powerful potential feature of the program.
• One aspect of the invention provides a paint selection kiosk designed to house an apparatus configured to aid a consumer to select complementary colors. Another aspect of the invention provides a navigation system that permits a user to select a paint color, be provided with a plurality of complementary color combinations, and preview the different complementary color combinations on a sample room or house.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a front side perspective view of the paintselection kiosk cabinet100 according to one embodiment of an aspect of the invention. The paint selection andcoordination kiosk100 includes acabinet frame102, which may be made from a metal, wood, and/or other materials, onto which afront panel104,side panels106 and108, aback panel110 and apop cover112 are attached with fasteners. According to one embodiment of the invention, slantedportions105 may be coupled along the vertical edges of thefront panel104. Thefront panel104 may also include afirst opening116 to permit viewing of a display screen that may be mounted within thecabinet100. Furthermore, thefront panel104 may include a second opening to hold a color-sensingdevice118. In one embodiment of the invention, thefront panel104 also includes one ormore openings119 behind which one or more speakers may be mounted.
• According to one embodiment of the invention, the front of the paint selection andcoordination kiosk100 may also include a horizontal orsemi-horizontal surface120 with anopening122 from which printer paper may be collected. Below thehorizontal surface120, a pair of vertically swingingdoors124 enclose a compartment area. The doors may be hung from thecabinet frame102.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a back-side perspective view of the paint selection andcoordination kiosk100 according to one embodiment of the invention. Thekiosk frame102 may define a plurality of spaces and include a plurality ofrails202,204,206. One or more of theserails202,204, and206 may serve to support one or more horizontal surfaces. For example, a firsthorizontal surface208 may be supported by and/or coupled to alower rail202. Thekiosk cabinet frame102 may also haveside panels210 fastened to a lower portion of thecabinet frame102. Supportingmembers212 may be coupled to thelower side panel210 by one or more brackets or perpendicularly supportingmembers214. The supportingmembers212 may serve to support thecabinet100 on a plurality of legs orwheels216. The supporting legs orwheels216 may include a leveling or height adjusting mechanism such as a nut and thread bolt.
• According to one embodiment of the invention, a processing unit (e.g., computer)220 may be mounted within the kiosk on top of thehorizontal surface208. Theprocessing unit220 may be secured to thehorizontal surface208 orcabinet frame102.
• FIG. 3 illustrates how a second horizontal supportingsurface302 may be supported by or coupled tohorizontal rails204 according to one embodiment of the invention.Horizontal surface302 may serve to support one or more devices. For example, in one implementation, apower supply304,speakers306, and a color sensing device orspectrophotometer308 may be mounted to and/or attached to thehorizontal surface302. Various different brackets or fasteners may be used to secure thespeakers306,color sensing device308 andpower supply device304 without deviating from the invention.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a back-side perspective view of thekiosk100 where other features of the kiosk are shown according to one embodiment of the invention. A thirdhorizontal surface402 may be mounted on and/or secured to thehorizontal rails206 of thecabinet frame102. A display device (e.g. monitor and/or screen)404 may be mounted on the thirdhorizontal surface402 such that the display surface of thedevice404 is visible through anopening116 in thefront panel104 of thekiosk100.
• According to one embodiment of the invention, a keyboard holder and/ormouse holder406 may be mounted on theside panel210 on the lower portion of thecabinet frame202. A keyboard or mouse stored in theholder406 may be accessed through anopening408 in the front of the paint selection kiosk. According to one embodiment of the invention, theopening408 may be accessed by opening one of thelower doors124 of thekiosk100.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a front perspective view of thekiosk100 showing how aprinter502 may be integrated as part of thekiosk100. Theprinter502 may be mounted on a rolling platform orcart504 so that it may be easily moved in and out of thekiosk compartment500. Theprinter platform504 may also include atrim506 along the lower front part of the printer platform ordolly504 such that it matches thetrim508 along the lower edge of thekiosk cabinet100. Theprinter506 may be communicatively coupled to the computer orprocessing unit220 in such a way that permits removal of theprinter502. In one implementation of the invention, theprinter502 may be coupled to thepower supply304 and/orcomputer220 by cables long enough to permit removing theprinter502 and cart504 from thecompartment500.
• FIG. 6 illustrates how theprinter502 may be secured to thekiosk100 to prevent theft according to one embodiment of the invention. For example, apull box602 may be attached to theframe102 orside panel210 of thekiosk100. Acable604 may be coupled to thepull box602 at one end and a securingapparatus606 at an opposite end. The securingapparatus606 serves to secure theprinter502 to the kiosk cabinet. According to one embodiment of the invention, the securingapparatus606 may include a color calibration chip to calibrate the color spectra.
• The kiosk illustrated inFIGS. 1-6 may be configured to aid a person in selecting a starting color (e.g., starting or desired paint color) as well as provide complementary, harmonious, and/or aesthetically pleasing corresponding. In one implementation, such kiosk may serve as a paint color selector and coordinator for paint projects such as a painting interior areas (e.g., rooms, etc.) or the house exteriors.
• In one implementation of the invention, a user is able to navigate through various graphical user interfaces, screens, and/or modules which advise and suggest to the user which colors are most likely to provide an appealing scheme or combination. The color sensor orspectrophotometer308 permits a user to use a swatch or sample of their desired color and enter it into the color selection and coordination system. Thecolor sensor308 may be one of a number of color sensing devices that is attached to the color selection and coordination system and provides the system with information about the desired color sample. The speaker(s)306 may provide the user with audio cues or information such as, for instance, audio/video clips about painting and other decorating ideas, and product training and information.
• Theprinter502 may provide the user with printouts of selected colors and/or color schemes or combinations. In various embodiments of the invention, an input device, such as a touch screen, a pointing device and/or a voice-activated input system, may be used to permit a user to navigate the color selection and coordination process and provide inputs to the system.
• Generally, a color selection and coordination system may provide the user with the options of color matching and coordination. Consumers may provide a starting color in several ways. For instance, using a spectrophotometer, a customer can “scan” the color of an item from their house such as tile, fabric, window treatment, pillow, etc. Based on the starting color, a system implementing one embodiment of the invention may select a close match from a color library, or may custom-formulate a color to match the item scanned. In addition, the color coordination system may recommend other colors, or combination of colors, that coordinate, are harmonious or aesthetically pleasing, or complementary to the starting color. The customer is provided a “palette” that can be adjusted according to how they want the original starting color to be used (e.g., accent color versus main color versus trim color). Potentially, palettes may be adjusted according to the user's region, size of room, room function, and style preferences.
• Another way to use the system is to simply pick a color, from a color table for instance, and find out what other colors go with it. The user may specify a starting color visually or by entering a color code and the expert color coordinator then recommends color combinations. Lightness and gray levels of individual combination colors can be adjusted.
• The system may also provide a visualization tool that allows consumers to see how their colors look in a simulated environment. The system may function in a way that allows users to upload their own photos and the adjust them based on the user's color selections. In another implementation of the invention, a user may select a similar room or exterior from a collection of preformatted rooms or exterior. The wall, trim, accents, etc., of the selected room or exterior is then colored with a selected color combination from among the recommended color combinations.
• FIGS. 7-18 illustrate a paint selection and expert coordination system that may be implemented in one embodiment of the kiosk illustrated inFIGS. 1-6. While the system illustrated inFIGS. 7-18 describes a paint selection and expert coordination system, it should be clear that this is merely an exemplary application and that various aspects of the invention are applicable to color selection and advising in general.
• FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of a paint selection and expert coordination system according to one embodiment of the invention. The paint selection andcoordination system700 may be implemented within one embodiment of a paint selection and coordination kiosk (e.g., kiosk100). According to one embodiment of the invention, a log-incomponent702 may requests a user to enter either an existing user identification number and/or register to use the paint selection and expert coordination system. In another embodiment of the invention, the system may permit a user access to some or all features of the paint selection and coordination system without first registering, using a password, or setting up an account.
• Once in the system, a user may select from a number of different options. For example, the paint coordinator option orcomponent704 permits a user to browseinspirational paint ideas706 from which to select a color or color scheme, start anew paint project708 or recall anactive paint project710. Aplanning option712 permits a user to estimate or calculate the quantity of paint that may be necessary for the particular project (e.g., room to be painted)714 or select from different paint sheens depending on whether an interior or exterior paint project is involved716. Atutorial option718 permits a user to select from various instructional or tutorial information about painting. For example, a user may select frominterior overview information720,exterior overview information722,common paint problems724 and/or a glossary of terms common topainting726. A user may also select from aproducts option728 which may list various paints and/or paint products from one or more companies.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a log-in and/or registration system according to one implementation of the invention. A user may start by selecting between an existing user option and anew user option802. If the existing user option is selected, the user may log-in to the system by entering information such as a user name, e-mail address, unique identifier, and/orpassword804. This information is then verified by thesystem806 and, if accurate, permits the user to proceed by displaying various selection options. Alternatively, is the user selects the new user option, aregistration option808 permits a user to register with the system. In one embodiment of the invention, the advantages of registering may be displayed to a user who wishes to register. Once such registration is confirmed810, a user is permitted to access the various features of the paint selection and expert coordination system. Note that in other embodiments of the invention, a user may be permitted to access all or some of the various features of the paint selection and expert coordination system without registering or logging-in.
• FIG. 9 illustrates various components and navigation paths that a user may select once the user has logged in or otherwise been allowed to enter the system.
• For instance, a user may select from a number offeature articles902 which provide ideas and inspiration for painting projects, color schemes andreference information706. The purpose of the inspirational section is two fold. First, it should give users ideas for how to complete a project that they already have in mind, and second, it should encourage users to take on new projects that they haven't yet considered. It may serve to get users charged up emotionally, showing them how they can improve their lifestyle by adding color and self-expression. The inspirational ideas and/or articles may recommend products across product lines and provide decorating/painting information, for instance, showing how to accent with faux finishes. Today, consumers look for inspiration from magazines, touring model homes, visiting friends' houses, television shows, etc. This same experience may be extended by the inspirational ideas of the paint selection and coordination system. Inspirational content may be organized by themes such as region, styles, moods, function, and color families. In addition, seasonal content may offer an opportunity to refresh the inspirational ideas constantly.
• A user may also elect to explorecolors904 by starting anew project708 or continuing to active or existingproject710.
• According to one implementation of the invention, a user has several options when starting anew project708 and can select a starting color in a number of different ways. For instance, the user may look-up a color byname906, provide a startingcolor sample908, or browse or search through an inspirational color library and/or palette for a desiredcolor910. If the user elects to provide a startingcolor908, he or she may provide such start color by providing a color sample to acolor sensor108. If the user elects to continue a previously savedproject710, the system may first determine if the user is logged in, and if not, request that the user log in912. The user may also select a starting color from a color library or palette. In an embodiment of the invention, the user may also fine-tune the starting color to obtain a desired color.
• FIG. 10 illustrates the path or trajectory that may be followed when starting a new project and selecting a starting color according to one embodiment of the color selection and coordination system.
• If the user elects to start anew project708, he or she is given the option to select a color fromvarious sources906,908,910. The desired color may be looked up by name in adatabase1002, and, if the color is found, it is returned to the user for fine-tuning1006. Fine-tuning may permit a user to make a color lighter or darker and/or more or less muted. Such fine-tuning may be performed by allowing a user to incrementally increase or decrease one or more of its characteristics (e.g., hue, chroma, etc.). In one implementation of the invention, the colors available in the system have associated predetermined relationships with other colors. Thus, if a user wishes to lighten a first color, for instance, the user may select a “lighter” button, arrow, or symbol, to incrementally go to the next lightest color associated with the first color, thus obtaining a second color. Similarly, if the user wishes to darken a first color, the user may select a “darker” button, arrow, or symbol to go the next darkest color associated with the first color, thus obtaining a second color. Similarly, the hue or chroma of a first color may be incrementally modified by retrieving the associated hue and/or chroma colors to provide a desired second color. The second color may also be similarly modified to achieve a desired final color.
• A user may also provide asample908 of the desiredcolor1004 and then may be permitted to fine-tune thatcolor1006 as described above. That is, the fine-tuning process1006 may involve changing the color's hue, chroma, etc., by incrementally increasing or decreasing these qualities.
• In either one of these instances, a user is given the option to then use anexpert color coordinator1007 be given suggestions as to complementary, harmonious, or aesthetically pleasing colors that may be combined with the starting color.
• In one embodiment of the invention, theexpert color coordinator1007 may include acustom coordination component1008 which, based on the starting color, automatically selects a plurality of color combinations that are complementary, harmonious to, and/or are aesthetically pleasing in combination with the starting color.
• These color combinations may be determined in different ways according to various embodiments of the invention. The color combinations provided to the user may be selected based on a number of color theory implementations. In one implementation, the color combinations are predetermined and stored in a database such that, once a desired starting color is selected, its characteristics or metrics (e.g., hue, chroma, tint, shade, etc.) are determined and matched to a color in the database with the closest corresponding metrics. The system then uses the matching color from the database to determine the complementary color combinations.
• In another embodiment of the invention, metrics for the desired color are determined and then used to calculate, determine, or retrieve complementary colors that are either dynamically determined or retrieved from a pre-compiled database.
• One or more of the color combinations may also be based on the corresponding warm triad and cool triad for the starting color.
• In one implementation of the invention, the combination of colors may be retrieved from a database of colors. The database of colors being a data structure in which corresponding complementary colors have been identified for every color in the database or a color palette. Various color theories, including a complementary color model, tertiary color model, analogous color model (e.g., monochromatic color model), may be employed to generate the various relationships between colors stored in the database. In another embodiment of the invention, the corresponding complementary colors are dynamically determined upon selection of a first or desired color.
• Additionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the color coordinator may interpolate between two or more colors in a database to generate better matching complementary colors for a given starting color. This interpolation may be based on the color theory employed and/or the inherent metrics or characteristics associated with the starting color.
• Additionally, the color coordinator may also be configured to take into account human factors. That is, the relationship between colors may be modified based on human expertise. For example, the complementary color relationships generated using color theory may be modified so as to achieve a more aesthetically pleasing combination of colors. Thus, the color database of complementary color relationships may be based on both color theory and expert input.
• Once theexpert color coordinator1007 has returned one ormore color combinations1010 based on the desired or starting color, the user may select a desired color combination, an interior or exterior template1014 (e.g., interior room or exterior home facade) and preview it1016.
• Thepreview feature1014 and1016 permits a user to see what a particular color combination would look like when painted on an interior room, exterior facade, etc. In one implementation of the invention, sample interior rooms and or exterior facades are provided for the user's selection. The available preview rooms and facades are tagged such that the walls, trim, doors, floor, ceiling, etc., are identified as separate elements. This way, a user may indicate which colors in the selected color combination will be used to paint the walls, trim, doors, floor, ceiling, etc. The system paints the different surfaces with one or more selected colors from the color combination. The user may then preview the selected template (e.g., interior room or exterior facade) with the selected colors in the selected surfaces. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the user may upload a picture of the desired project (e.g., living room, dinning room, house exterior, etc.) and select the color desired for each surface (e.g., door, trim, walls, floors, etc.).
• The user may modify a color combination by using acolor palette1018. In various embodiments of the invention, such characteristics as the tint, shade (e.g., lightness and/or darkness), hue, and/or chroma may be modified. Once the user is satisfied with a selected color combination, that combination may be saved1020.
• When a user elects to start a new project using theinspiration library910, various categories may be available from which to choose a color1022. Each category may enable a user to choose from various types of images, themes and/or types of rooms that may be desired1024. For one or more of these selections, the user may also be able to select a mood ortheme palette1028. Once the system retrieves an image satisfying the desired characteristics, the user may then modify the colors based oncolor palette1012. Once a desired color combination has been obtained, the user may preview what such color combination would looks like in a particular room or exterior of ahome1014 &1016 and save it1020.
• At any time during the browsing, the combination of colors provided by the expert coordination system or the previewing of the selected image, if the user wishes to further modify the color, this may be done by modifying thecolor palette1020.
• Similarly, if a user elects to continue working on an existing project oractive project710, the previously selected or saved color(s) may be revised by modifying the color palette or the color may be previewed by entering the preview module.
• If the user elects to continue working on anactive project710, a different set of options may be available. For example,FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of the invention with various options that may be available to a user when electing to work in anactive project710.
• A user may be able to revise or edit acolor1102 to preview a selectedcolor1104 to revise a quantity of paint that may be necessary for aproject1106, to revise the sheen of thepaint1108, to print samples of thecolor1110 or to edit the account information associated with theuser1112 and1114.
• Selection of the revisecolor option1102 permits modifying thecolor palette1018. Selection of thepreview color option1104 opens thepreview module1016 and permits a user to see the selected color and modify it using the modifycolor palette1018, if desired.
• FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating the processing of various options inFIG. 11 according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Selection of the revisepaint quantity option1106 permits the user to calculate or estimate the amount of paint necessary for a particular task1216 (FIG. 12). As shown inFIG. 12, a user may select between an interior1218 and exterior1220 paint job. According to one embodiment of the invention, these twooptions1218 &1220 may provide the user with sample shapes of rooms or exteriors of various sizes from which to choose. According to one embodiment of the invention, thepaint estimator1222 may provide the user the amount of paint necessary for a paint job rounded up to the nearest standard paint unit in which the paint is sold (i.e., quarts or gallons). Thepaint estimator1222 may also calculate or estimate the amount of paint needed for a project based on number of coats needed and on whether the particular paint color will be used on the trim, wall, ceiling, doors, etc. Once the user has entered the desired options, the system calculates the approximate amount of paint required for ajob1222 and may print this information for the user's convenience. Prior to printing, the system checks thepalette state1226 to determine if more information needs to be gathered from the user.
• Referring again toFIG. 11, if the user elects to revise thepaint sheen1108, asheen selection option1230 permits the user to select from eitherinterior sheens1232 orexterior sheens1234 and determine the desired sheens to use for their type of project. After selecting a desired paint sheen, the user may choose to either print the color formula to create the particular color andsheen1236 or so save the results and return to the previous menu (i.e.1202 orFIG. 11).
• If a user elects to print apaint color1110, then the paint color is previewed1214 and printed. On occasion, there are discrepancies between the on-screen colors selected and the colors that may be printed by a printed. In order to provide printed colors that closely match the true colors selected, the system may include either a hardware or software color calibration module that configures the printer or commands to the printer so as to provide printed colors that closely match the real colors.
• A user may also edit account information, such as user name, password, etc., by selecting theedit account option1112 and modifying the existinginformation1114.
• Referring again toFIG. 10, once a user decides to print a color or color combination, the selection is previewed1016, adjusted as necessary1018 and saved1020. After saving and/or storing thecolor selection1020, the user is given theoptions1202 of printing the chosencolors1204 or revising/selectingpaint sheen1230. If thepaint sheen option1230 is selected, the user may chose from either interior1232 or exterior1234 sheens, andprint1236 and/or save theselection1238. If the print option is selected1204, the user may confirm the choice to print1206, save theproject1208, and print the selected paint color and/orcolor combination1214. According to one embodiment of the invention, a user may be requested to login or register1212 prior to being allowed to print. When logging in, the user's information may be confirmed1210.
• FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a planning feature712 (FIG. 9) of the paint selection system according to one embodiment of the invention. Theplanning feature712 may permit a user to calculate a quantity ofpaint714 based onapproximate room sizes1306 or whether it is an interior1308 or exterior1309 project. A user may then be provided with thecalculation results1310 for each color of paint of the selected combination that may be needed for a project.
• Similarly, the user may be able to comparesheen716 characteristics for paints for either interior1312 or exterior1314 projects. That is, for the same paint, a user may be shown on the display screen what the interior paint looks like and what the exterior paint looks like.
• FIGS. 14-17 are flow diagrams illustrating various user options that may be provided under the tutorials option718 (FIG. 7) by the paint selection and coordination system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 14 illustrates features related to interior painting projects720 (FIG. 7). For example, a user may be provided with specific painting information for aproject1402, how to organize that project and details on the rules and equipment that may be necessary for theirproject1406. Similarly, the user may be provided withstaining information1408, including selecting type of look that is desired.1410, organizing astaining project1412 and details and additionaluseful information1414 that may be necessary for doing a staining project. Users may also be provided with information onfloor coatings1416 such as paints for interior floors by selecting a look orscene1418 and information on organizing theproject1420 and details on how to performsuch project1422. Similarly, the user may be provided with information aboutfaux finishes1424 and details on how to performsuch projects1426.
• How-to instructions ortutorials1414 and1422 may be organized in several ways. For instance, first by project type such as interior painting, exterior painting, deck, fence, etc. Next, they may be broken down into stages including organizing the project, proper preparation, using a primer, applying the topcoat, cleaning-up. How-to instructions may include text, audio, and video demonstrations. Supply lists for particular paint projects may also be provided. All instructions and supply lists may be printable for the customer's convenience.
• FIG. 15 illustratesother tutorials718 and information pertaining to exterior paint projects722. As before, the system provides painting information forexterior projects1502, as well asorganization1504 and other project details1506. Likewise, the tutorials for exterior paint projects may also provide information onstaining1508 andfloor coatings1516 as inFIG. 14. Additionally, the exterior projects tutorials may include information onwaterproofing surfaces1524, organization ofsuch projects1526 and other details on how to performwaterproofing projects1528.
• Another tutorial option may permit a user to browse or read throughcommon paint problems724. The user may be given the option of selecting betweeninterior paint projects1602 and exterior paint projects1606. For each of these categories, detailed information regardingpaint problems1604 and1608 may be provided to the user. The user may also be able to perform a search based on a key phrase or word related to a particular paint problem.
• FIG. 17 illustrates another aspect of the invention where one of thetutorial options718 may include aglossary726 from which a user may accessgeneral information1702 and/or search for particular terms, colors, phrases, etc.1704.
• FIG. 18 illustrates one embodiment of aproducts option728 according to one implementation of the paint selection and coordination system. Thisproducts option728 permits the advertising and/or display of various painting and decorating products. A user may search thesite1802 based on one or more key term(s) or word(s) or phrase(s) for a desired tool or product. The system may then provide theresults1804 meeting the search criteria. In the alternative, the user may select from a list of types ofproducts1806, to browse only those products of interest, or be provided with a list ofproduct categories1808. Once a product or category is selected, details about said product or product category may be shown to theuser1810.
• In one embodiment of the invention the kiosk may have multiple modes of operations. For instance, aside from serving as a color selection and coordinator, the kiosk may also operate as a training system. An in-store personnel training feature may provide text, video, and/or audio training information to personnel. New sales associates may have access to an electronic seminar about particular products. According to one embodiment of the invention, this feature may be enabled by switching the kiosk over to training mode.
• Another aspect of the invention provides a distributed paint color selection and coordination system that permits users to remotely access an automatic and interactive paint coordinator/advisor, setup a project, select a desired color, and be provided with complementary, harmonious colors in response to the selected desired color. A user may access the previously saved project from an in-store kiosk with a very similar graphical user interface. The distributed system permits updating software and data to the in-store kiosks as well as the remote user application.
• FIG. 19 illustrates a block diagram of a distributed system in which multiple in-store kiosks and remote computers may access the same paint color selection and coordinator system. The distributed system may include multiple in-store kiosks1902,1904,1906, and1908 coupled to acentral server1910. Thecentral server1910 may provide thekiosks1902,1904,1906, and1908 with updated software, data, and information periodically or as needed. Thekiosks1902,1904,1906, and1908 may be communicatively coupled to one ormore servers1910 via various communication links, including the Internet, radio waves, and point-to-point communication links. Theserver1910 may be coupled to the Internet and provide a paint color selection and coordinator application to remote terminals/computers1912.
• The distributed system enables a paint manufacturer to establish a relationship with the customers, educate the customer about the manufacture's paint products, and extend that relationship from the home to the store.
• A user utilizing a remote terminal/computer1912 may access the paint color selection and coordinator application(s), which may have similar functionality, user interfaces, and navigation as the system illustrated inFIGS. 7-18 and described above. Such system permits a user to become familiar with look and use of paint color selection and coordination application, start a paint project, select one or more desired colors, and be advised as to the complementary colors corresponding to the selected colors. One implementation of the distributed paint color selection and coordination system serves to entice consumers to become more comfortable and familiar with the look and use of paint colors beyond the standard white and neutral colors.
• One implementation of the distributed system permits a user at home or at the store to create a personal project portfolio that includes information such as their projects, palettes, how-to info, etc. This project portfolio is accessible either online (e.g., via the Internet) or in the store (e.g., using the kiosk) via some sort of user identification. Scenarios include someone choosing their colors at home but going back to the store for chips and adjustments, or beginning a project profile at the store and adjusting within their own time frame while at home. According to one embodiment of the invention, a personal profile created on a store kiosk may be periodically downloaded to a central server or system so that it may be accessed by the user via a network (e.g., the Internet). Conversely, a profile created over the Internet (e.g., via a home computer) may be sent to the local store, which may be selected by the user, so that it is available when the user visits the store. In another embodiment of the invention, an in-store kiosk may retrieve the user's profile and/or previously entered project information when the user logs-in at the kiosk. The newly Internet-created projects may be sent only to those kiosks which the user indicates are within his/her local area or store.
• The in-store kiosks may include a storage device to store a plurality of projects which were initiated either in the kiosk or on a remote computer/terminal. Stored projects may be retrieved from a remote terminal or from an in-store kiosk for further editing, review, and/or printing. In one embodiment of the invention, the stored project may be stored in one ormore servers1910 from where it may be retrieved.
• FIG. 20 illustrates one method of using the distributed paint color selection and coordination system according to one implementation of the invention. A user may use a home computer to access the Internet and start apaint project2002, select a startingcolor2004, and receive one or morecomplementary color combinations2006. The user may familiarize himself or herself with the system and, once done, store theproject2008. The user may then continue his experience with the paint color selection and coordination system when he/she visits a store to purchase the paint needed for the project. The user may utilize a kiosk, such as the one illustrated inFIGS. 1-6, to retrieve the previously storedproject2010, review complementary color combinations provided by the system, fine-tune colors, and/or print out a preview of a selectedcolor combination2012.
• From either a home computer or in-store kiosk, a user may print out an estimate of the different paint colors that will be necessary for the project and/or the color mix or formula for each of the colors in the color combination selected.
• Another aspect of the distributed system may include heartbeat monitoring feature. This feature minimizes system downtime by having an in-store kiosk1902 monitor itself and alert an administrator (e.g., via aserver1910, telephone message, email, blinking light, audible alarm, etc.) if a kiosk stops responding, runs out of paper or ink, some other alert is triggered, etc.
• A remote update feature permits content to be distributed to various store locations from a central location. Stores or kiosks can be grouped according to different criteria, such as region, store type, market, etc., and content can be rolled out to various criteria groups. For example, a central server may update a kiosk's color palette, software, graphical user interfaces, etc., remotely. Additionally, different forms of content (e.g., advertising) may be displayed on the kiosk's screen based on the type of store in which it resides.
• FIG. 21 illustrates one embodiment of a system that may be implemented over the Internet to permit a user to access the paint color selection and coordination system, described above, over the Internet. A web page may be used where the user can access the color selection and coordination system via the Internet. Such web page may include astore locator option2102 to permit a user to search and locate astore2104 and provide details ofsuch store2106. The web page interactive system may also includesafety information2108 to educate users about paint products, such as the material safety datasheets for one or more products.
• The web page may also include acompany information option2114 providing such information aspress releases2118,events2120, career oremployment opportunities2122 andcontact information2124 for the one or more companies deploying the paint color selection and coordination system. Such web page may also include a login orregistration window2126 to access the paint selection and coordination system over the Internet.
• FIGS.22A-F illustrate a block diagram for a color coordination and selection application that may be implemented in an in-store kiosk according to one embodiment of the invention. Referring toFIG. 22A, the kiosk may have in an attractloop2202 in which the kiosk displays astart screen2204 to entice potential consumers to use the color coordination and selection kiosk. If a user elects to use the kiosk, thestart project module2206 provides the option of logging into an existing project orworkbook2208. Additionally, themodule2206 may also permit the user to view the content in the color coordination and selection kiosk in a different language, such as Spanish2210 or French2212. The user may start a project by identifying whether the paint project is an interior orexterior paint project2214.
• The user may then choose a starting color for the project in different ways. One option is for the user to provide the startingpaint color2228. In such option, the user may choose a starting color from a color wheel or table2232, scan a sample of the desiredstarting color2234, or identify the starting color by name, number, orcode2244.
• According to one implementation of the invention, a user may be given several options from which to select the startingcolor2230. For example, the user may create or choose a starting color by browsing a color palette, color wheel, or any other arrangement ofcolors2232 and then adjust that startingcolor2233 to the desired hue, chroma, lightness, shade, etc. The user may also scan the desiredstarting color2234 based on a sample, such as a fabric or paint chip. The system then providesscanning instructions2236 to enable the user to scan the color sample into the system. The user is then allowed to scan thecolor sample2238,2240,2242. Once the color sample has been scanned, a confirmation message notifies the user that the scanning is has been completed2239. According to a third way of choosing a starting color, a user may provide a color name, number and/or code by which to identify the startingcolor2244. The starting color is then searched in a database of color names, numbers, orcodes2246. If a color is not found, the user is alerted2248.
• Once the user has selected a desired starting color, the desired use of the color is specified2262, such as interior, exterior, ceiling, walls, floors, etc. Such information permits the system to narrow its color coordination search to the appropriate paint colors. The system then uses its internal color coordination database to provide one or more color coordination schemes that include the desiredcolor2264. Said color coordination schemes may include one or more colors that are complementary to the selected starting color. The user is then allowed to select one of the color schemes provide by the system.
• The selected color scheme may be then be modified2268 or fine-tuned to desired final colors. For instance, for anyone of the colors shown in the selected color scheme, the user may modify the chroma, hue, shade or tint, lightness or darkness off that color. For this purpose, the system may include a database through which each color that is modified can be referenced2266. This database permits identifying the next lightest and/or darkest color available. Such database may also permit a user fine-tune retrieve other colors similar in hue or chroma for any given color.
• The user is also permitted to print the selectedcolor scheme2284, preview thecolor scheme2276 as it would appear in a room, or preview the color scheme as it would appear on anexterior2270. If the user elects to preview the color scheme in aroom2276, the type or style of room is first selected2278, such as living room, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, etc. The user is then asked to associate the colors in the selected color scheme with one or more of the various surfaces in theroom2280, such as walls, floors, trim, doors, accents, etc. The selected sample room is then displayed in a display screen showing the colors selected by the user on the appropriate surfaces and allowed to fine-tune each color and/or reassign the surface on which it is placed2282. Similarly, if the user elects to visualize a sample exterior, the user may select anexterior type2270, and associate the one or more colors of the selected color scheme with thevarious surfaces2272, such as exterior walls, doors, trim, accents, etc. The user is then shown the exterior with the selected colors on the associatedsurfaces2274 and can fine-tune each color and/or reassign the surface on which it is placed. Note that a particular color in the color scheme may not be used at all or may be place on more than one surface of the preview modules.
• The user may then proceed to print out the color scheme and/or room orexterior samples2284. Theprint module2284 provides a user multiple options before printing the selected color scheme. For instance, a user may request an estimate or calculation of the amount of paint that is necessary to paint a room or exterior of thehouse2295 and2296, or the user may specify or select sheens for the different surfaces to be painted2297 and2298.
• According to one implementation of the invention, the system provides a interiorpaint calculation option2295. The user is requested to provide the length and width of a room, the number of doors, windows, as well as trim information. Additionally, if a ceiling is being painted, the ceiling type may also be specified. If touchup paint is desired, that option is also provided to the user. Using all this information, the system then provides an estimate or calculation of the amount of paint that would be necessary for such job. This result may provide a user with the amount of each paint color that will be necessary to paint the ceiling, walls, trim, accents, etc. In one implementation of the invention, the user may be given the estimates rounded up to the nearest standard paint container size. Similarly, if the user is intending to do anexterior paint job2296, the user may be requested to enter the square footage of the home, the number of exterior doors, windows and shutters, garage size, and garage door types, and whether touchup paint is desired. The system then calculates the amount of each paint color that is necessary for such paint job and provides it to the user.
• The user may also specify the sheen for the interior and/orexterior paint projects2297 and2298. For instance, the user may specify the wall, trim, door, ceiling, shutters, garage, or other paints for either interior orexterior paint projects2297 and2298. A summary of the amounts of paint for each color in the selected color scheme is then provided to the user.
• The user is then given the option to either print or save the selected and/or fine-tuned color scheme andinformation2286. If the user elects to print, a message appears on ascreen2288 while the selected color scheme is printed. When the system is done printing the information, a message is displayed which indicates that the printing has been completed2290, and the printed pages are outputted from thecolor coordination kiosk2292 and2294.
• Referring again toFIG. 22B, the user may also elect to use the interior orexterior inspiration libraries2250 and2256, which include one or more inspiration categories from which to choose color schemes or ideas. The inspiration libraries may also include inspiration palettes, such as color wheels or color tables,2252 and2258 from which the user may make aselection2254 and2260. Having selected a desired color scheme, the user is taken to thecolor scheme home2268 from where the user may print out, edit, preview or save color schemes as previously described.
• According to one implementation of the invention, the system may include one or more alerts to enable various features. For instance, the system may provide the user a start-over feature andconfirmation2216 to enable the user to go back to the startingwindow2206. Another alert may indicate that the printer is not inservice2218 or that the color sample scanner needscalibration2220. Yet other alerts indicate where the scanner needsservicing2222. Additionally, the system may also indicate that a question is found out or that a particular sheen color is acustom color2226. The system may also keep track of the percentage of times sessions have timed out, the number of times the customers have requested to start over, and generally how many times each time of alert has been triggered.
• FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating the details of the printing process ofblock2288, inFIG. 22, according to one implementation of the invention. The user is asked whether the project will be saved prior toprinting2300 and2301. If not, then the color scheme and information are printed2302. However, if the user elects to save the project prior to printing, the system then checks if the user is logged in2303.
• If the user is already logged in, then the process proceeds to requesting a project name2356 (FIG. 23E) for the project. Once the user provides a name for theproject2356, the system then checks if it is connected2359, to a server or other storage facility for instance. If the system is connected to a server or storage facility, then the project is saved2358. Otherwise, if the system is not connected, then the system indicates the project will be saved upon the nextsuccessful connection2360, and then proceeds to print the color scheme and information selected2362. The system then displays a print complete message2290 (FIG. 22D).
• Referring again toFIG. 23A, if the user is not logged into thesystem2303, the user is given an option to either register as a new user or login as a previously registereduser2304. If the user elects to register as anew user2305, then the user is requested to enter ausemame2308. The system then checks if the usemame is valid2311. For instance, the system may check if the username is a valid e-mail address. If a user name is not valid2310, the system requests that the user enter avalid username2310. Upon providing a valid username, the system then requests the user to enter apassword2312. The system may check the password to see if it is of anappropriate length2315. For instance, the system may require a password be greater than three characters long. If a password does not have the minimum required number ofcharacters2314, then the system requests that the user enter anotherpassword2312. Upon entering an appropriate password of an appropriate length, the system then requests the user to review the username andpassword2316. If the username and password are correct2317, then the new user is asked to choose averification question2340. A verification question serves to identify a user who has forgotten either the username and/or password. A user may select from a number of predefined verification questions or may provide theirown verification questions2340. The system then requests the user enter an answer for theverification question2342. When if the user has entered all this information, the system may also give the new user the opportunity to sign up for a newsletter offer or someother offer2344. The system then verifies the information provided by theuser2346. The system may check whether it is connected to a central database orserver2345 in which it can check the username and/or password provided. When the system is able to connect to a central database or server, for instance, then it checks whether the username is unique2347. If the username is unique, then the user is provided with confirmation of theregistration2348. If the username is not unique, then the system informs the user that the username is already taken2350 and requests that the user provide another username. If the system is unable to connect, then it informs the user that it is having problems connecting to verify theinformation2352 and notifies the user that the registration information will be saved and verified later. The system then proceeds to permit the user to enter aproject name2356. From this point on, the system is then checks whether it is connected and can save the project, and then proceeds to save and/or print the project as previously described.
• Referring again toFIG. 23A, if the user is not anew user2305, then the system requests the user enter ausername2306. The system then verifies whether the username is correct2318. In one implementation, the system may check whether the username provided is in the format of a valid email address. In another implementation, the system may check a local user registry first. If a username is incorrect or not found2318, then the system may access a central database orserver2322 and request user information.
• If the system is able to connect to thecentral database2329, it then verifies whether the username is correct2332. If the username is correct, then the user is requested to enter apassword2320. If a user has not forgotten his password, then the username and password are checked. The system connects thedatabase2322, retrieves the information, and checks it2329. If a usemame and password are correct2332,2334, then the user is requested to enter theproject name2356, and may proceed to save the project as well as print the selectedcolor scheme2363. If the user's name is incorrect2332, the user is requested to try to enter the correct name again2326. In one implementation of the invention, the system may keep track of how many times the user has entered anincorrect usemame2333. If the maximum number of times has been reached, then the system indicates to the user that login has failed2336 and requests that the user register as a new user to save his project.
• If a user's password is incorrect2334, then the system indicates to the user that the password is incorrect2324 and requests that another password be entered2320. If the user indicates that he has forgotten hispassword2321, then the system may retrievesuch information2328. If the system is able to connect or retrievesuch information2331, then the system displays the verification question for theuser2338 and requests that a user provide ananswer2354. If the answer is correct2355, then the user may proceed to enter a project name and save and print the project. If a user's answer is incorrect, then system indicates to the user that the answer is incorrect2359, it requests that a new answer be entered2354. If the system detects that the user has entered more than the maximum number ofincorrect answers2357, then the system may request that the user register to save theproject2336. According to one implementation of the invention, the system may also operate over a private or public network and/or the Internet.
• FIG. 24A-L are a block diagram illustrating a network-based color coordination and selection application according to one implementation of the invention.
• FIG. 24A is an overview of the system indicating thestarting point2400 from which the user can select several color coordination and selection options. Along the color coordination options, the user may select to work in aWorkbook2401 which may include previously saved projects, explore new colors from acolor palette2402, browseinspirational ideas2403, seekexpert advice2404 on painting and painting tools, and/or may requestproduct information2405. Additionally, a secondary set of menu options permits the user to log into thesystem2406, findstore locations2407, requestsafety information2408, find out more about the paintparticular company2409, or seek out careers within thatpaint company2410.
• FIG. 24B illustrates the options that are available to the user under theWorkbook2401 category. The user may log into thesystem2411 or register as anew user2412,2413. The system then verifies theuser registration information2414.
• If the user has forgotten his or her password, the user may seek to retrieve saidpassword2415. The system asks the user to answer aparticular verification question2416 which was selected by the user and for which the user has provided an answer during registration. The system verifies whether the answer provided by the user is correct2417. If said answer is correct, then the user is allowed to proceed2418. Otherwise, the user is requested to enter the answer again.
• If the user is allowed to proceed through any of these login options, then an indication is given that he or she is logged in2418. The user is permitted to edit a previously savedproject2419, create a new project, and/or edit account information orprofile information2421. For theproject summary2419, the user may either enter a new project name or edit an existingproject name2420. The user may then proceed to either start a new project or edit an existing project. If the user elects to start anew project2423, various options are available to the user in starting said project. Through theExplorer color module2402, the user is able to look up a color by name ornumber2424, select a starting color from a color palette or table2425, or browse aninspiration library2426 for a desired color. Additionally, if the user wishes to edit an existingproject2427, the user is given the option to modify acolor palette2428, modify the previously selectedcolor scheme2429, or preview the desired color scheme within a sample room or exterior of ahouse2430. Additionally the user is given the option to calculate the amount of paint that is necessary2431 and edit the paint color sheen of the selectedpaint colors2432. With any of the above mentioned color selection and modification options, the system enables a user to save and/or print a selected color scheme. The user may print the selectedcolor palette2433, print the preview showing the colors on an interior room and/or exterior of thehouse2434, print out a summary of the amount of paint that is necessary for aparticular project2435, or print out a summary of the sheens that have been selected for theparticular project2436. Through any of these options, a printable pop-upwindow displays2438 that permits a user to either print and/or save saidwindow2437. The system then proceeds to save the desiredproject2439.
• Referring toFIG. 24D, the system detects the origination point of theproject2440. That is, the system determines whether the user has come through theExplorer Color option2403 or MyWorkbook option2401 and/or whether the user is registered or logged in. If the system detects that theWorkbook2401 is authenticated or the user is logged in, the system proceeds to save the project under anew name2444 or without savingchanges2445. The system then returns to theproject summary window2419.
• If a user is not authenticated or not logged in, the project name is requested2441, and then the user is requested to log in orregister2442. If a user logs in, then the log-in information is verified2443, and the project is saved2444. Alternatively, if the user is a new user, the user is requested to register and the registration information is verified2446. The project is then saved and the user returned to theproject summary window2419.
• Referring now toFIG. 24E, if the user elects to browse theinspiration library2403, various categories of inspirations may be available. For instance, in one implementation of the invention, a practicalcolor scheme category2450 may include one ormore articles2451 which provide practical colors for different types of rooms or exteriors or lifestyles. Another category may provideartistic colors2452 with one or more articles showing or describingsuch color schemes2453. Anemotional category2454 may providearticles2455 illustrating color schemes that reflect various emotional states. Afashionable category2456 may includearticles2457 that are trendy or the current style.
• Referring now toFIG. 24F, if a user selects theExpert Advice option2404, asearch capability2508 is available from which the user can provide key words or terms, and results are displayed for theuser2510. Additionally, the user may be provided with a plurality of categories from which to browse or search. For instance, theproject organizer category2512 may enable a user to organize interior2630 or exterior2668 paint projects, asheen chart category2514 may enable a user to learn about various different paint sheens, and aglossary2516 enables a user to quickly find information related to paint and painting projects. Apaint calculator2518 allows a user to calculate or estimate the quantity of paint that may be necessary for a particular project. A commonpaint problems option2520 provides the user information about how to solve interior and/or exterior paint problems2522-2528 that may exist prior to, during, or after painting.
• If a user selects thepaint organizer option2512, then either the interior or exterior category may be available2630 and2668. If a user selects theinterior category2630, then various options for painting interiors and house walls, for instance, may be available. Fortypical painting projects2632, the system providesproject organization tools2634 and details as well as the required tools, etc.2636, may be available to the user. Additionally, if the user selects to stainwood2638, then the desired look may be selected2640, and theproject organizer2642 may provideorganization ideas2642, details on how to perform theproject2644 and the required tool information. If the user wishes to paint orstain wood floors2646, the desired look may be chosen2648, and again, aproject organizer2650 may provide the details, tools and information on how to perform such tasks. Additionally, if concrete floors are to be painted2654, again, the user may select the look desired for theconcrete floor2656, and aproject organizer2658 may take the user through the necessary tools andinformation2660 to perform the project. The user may also select faux finishes forinteriors2662, and again the system may provide the desiredlooks2664 from which to choose, and details on how to perform saidproject2666 to obtain such look.
• Similarly, if a user selects to organize the lookup information onexterior paint projects2668, the user is provided with apainting category2670,wood staining category2676, waterproofing category forwood2684, waterproofing category formasonry2690, painting or staining ofwood floors2698, and painting or staining ofconcrete floors2706. For each category, the system may provide aproject organizer2672,2680,2686,2694,2702, and2710 and enables the user to select thelook2678,2692,2700, and2708 for the painting or staining project. Additionally, the system may also providedetails2674,2682,2688,2696,2704, and2720 on how to perform each one of these projects and the necessary tools to do so2677,2689,2697,2705, and2721.
• Once the user has viewed the selected information for interior or exterior projects, the system may then take the user to product details information,FIG. 24J, under theproducts module2405. This module is also reached if the user has selected to find outproduct information2406. In either case, theproducts module2405 provides the user with particular products that are available to perform the selected paint project. For example, if an interior project is desired2744, the differing stains, primers, finishes, waterproofers, etc.2746, may be shown and/or described. The system may also provideproduct overview2748 anddetails2750 as well as allowing the user to select the look for said stain, finish, etc.2752. Similarly, if the user selects to paint anexterior2754, then various products are shown2756, and aproduct overview2758 anddetails2760 may be available to the user. In another implementation of the invention, the categories may also include or be organized in terms ofparticular projects2762 such as woodworking, decks, etc., andsimilar project descriptions2764 andproduct information2766 may be available. When the user reaches to theproducts module2405 from theexpert advice module2404, the system may suggest products and/or introducenew products2768 to the user.
• Referring now to24I, if, under theexpert advice module2404, the user has selected the calculatepaint option2518, then an interior2722 and exterior2730 paint calculation modules would be available. If aninterior paint project2722 is desired, then the user is given the option of acustom calculation2724 or anapproximate calculation2728. If acustom calculation2724 is selected, a form is displayed in which the user can enter the dimensions of the room to be painted and a moreprecise result2726 is provided. If the user doesn't have exact measurements but just wishes an approximate amount ofpaint2728, then such option is also available to the user. Similarly, if the user is further taken anexterior paint project2730, then thecustom calculation2732 andresults2734 are available if the dimensions are known. Otherwise, anapproximate result2736 of the amount of paint necessary may be provided.
• Referring now toFIG. 24K, if the user selects the secondary navigation options from themain window2400, then the user may log into thesystem2406 by providing a usename and password or may select to search for a new store location. The system may also provide details on how to get astore2407 and2515.Safety information2408 about paints and painting is also available to the user. Additionally, a user may find out more about theparticular company2409, careers within thatcompany2410, and news and/orevents2798 in that company. The user may also perform ajob search2782, get details onavailable jobs2784, and apply for ajob2786 and2788. Other special categories may also be available such as student opportunities2790, benefits available2792, culture of thecompany2794, and testimonials about thecompany2796.
• Moreover, the system may also provide contact information2900 (FIG. 24L) in order to contact the company. A contact form may be provided2902, and aconfirmation message2904 is displayed when the form has been properly submitted2910. Undercontact information2900, the system may also provide aproject assistant form2906 to aid consumers in performing projects. Once submitted, the system provides aconfirmation2908 that theproject assistant form2906 has been submitted.
• FIGS.25A-D are a block diagram illustrating the details of selecting and fine-tuning a paint color over a network-based coordination application according to one implementation of the invention. A new project may be started by selecting acolor name2802, choosing a starting color for acolor pallet2806 or browsing interior orexterior inspiration options2818 and2826.
• If a user wishes to select a starting color by name ornumber2802, the system first requests the purpose or usage of thecolor2810, such as bedrooms, bathrooms, and/or kitchen. With this information, the system is then able to provide one or more color coordination schemes from which the user may select one2812. Each color coordination scheme may include two or more colors that are complementary or somehow aesthetically pleasing when used together.
• If the user selects the starting color from thecolor pallet2806, then the starting color may be refined or fine-tuned to a desiredstarting color2808. The system also requests usage for thecolor2810, and then provides one or more color coordination schemes from which the user selects one2812. The color coordination scheme information is then stored or maintained under a session attributesmodule2814. The selected color scheme may then be viewed and then modified under the colorpalette home module2834.
• From thispalette home module2834, the user may choose to preview a room which is painted a selectedcolor scheme2838. The system provides the user with the option of selecting a type of room to be previewed2838 and then displays the room on ascreen2844. The user may then select the colors that are to be placed on one or more of the surfaces of the displayed room and is permitted to refine the colors that are desired2848. The system may also provide a similar utility for choosing the type of exterior desired2836, preview theexterior2846, refine the colors as shown on the surface of the selectedexterior2850. From thepreview modules2844 and2846, the system allows a user to print out the selectedcolor scheme2849 and2853 as seen on the displayed rooms and/or exterior, or save said color scheme and room orexterior2851. The information may be saved for the project under thesession attribute module2842. From thecolor scheme home2834, the user may also refine the colors selected2852, print the desiredcolor scheme2833 or save thecolor scheme2828.
• Referring again toFIG. 25A, if the user elects to start by browsing interior or exteriorinspirational categories2818 and2826, the system provides various categories of inspiration from which the user may select. The system requests that the user to select aninspiration scheme2820 and then provides details forsuch inspiration scheme2822. The system then takes the user to the colorscheme palette home2834 from where the color scheme may be previewed or edited or saved as described previously. From thepalette home2834, the user may also modify the sheen of thepaint2830 and/or calculate the amount ofpaint2832 necessary for a project.
• Referring toFIGS. 25C and 25D, the user is provided a tool by which to calculate the amount ofpaint2832 that may be necessary for a room or exterior paint project. If the user is painting an exterior, then the system requests the size of thehome2856, calculates theexterior values2858, and provides the amount of paint that should be necessary2860. Where the selected color scheme includes multiple colors, the system may determine the quantities of each paint color that are necessary to perform the particular project. Similarly, if the entire room is being painted, the system may request the user to select the size of theroom2862 and provide other information from which to calculate the amount of paint that is necessary to perform thatproject2864 and2866. A user may save thisinformation2881 or print it as desired2882.
• From the colorscheme palette home2834, the user may also select the exterior or interior color sheens that may be desired2830. For example, if an exterior project is being undertaken, the system may assigncolor sheens2870 to the different colors of the color scheme. The user may be able to select from thesesheens2872, and this information is then provided in thesummary2874 which can be printed or saved by a user. Similarly, if an interior project is being undertaken, the system may provide the recommendedcolor sheens2876 for the different paint colors, depending on the purpose, etc. The user may then select or edit the recommendedsheen colors2878. This information is then provided in asummary2880 which can be saved2881 and printed2882 by a user.
• A help desk feature may also be available with customer support for common paint problems and fixes, FAQ's, a searchable knowledge base and possibly real-time interactive support. As before, the user may be required to enter a user name and password or register in order to access the system. From the login option the user may be led to the menu shown inFIG. 9 and subsequent system components.
• According to one embodiment of the invention, while the web site and kiosk applications may include many of the same features, they may have different interfaces. For instance, because the in-store kiosk may be touch-screen driven, buttons are necessarily large and spread out. This may cause functionality to be spread across various screens in the store that would more efficiently be handled on one screen through the web. It is important however that the in-store kiosk and web site resemble each other so that the customer definitely knows they are coming from the same place. To minimize replicated effort, code for access to databases, coordination algorithms, etc., may be shared by the two separate platforms wherever possible.
• Though the distributed system illustrated inFIG. 19 has many functional tools, the overall flavor of the system should be friendly and inspirational. Users should be guided through the system step by step, yet have the freedom to use it how they want as well.
• A content management feature allows content to be managed with minimal technical skill by persons at various levels of the organization. Rights can be assigned to various content providers and permissions granted according to those rights. For instance, access to product information and/or how-to information may be limited only to those users that have been given permission.
• Another aspect of the invention provides tie-ins to promotions and clinics. The faces or entry graphical user interfaces of the kiosk and/or web site can be adjusted to reflect promotions such as discount weekends and inform about various “how-to” clinics upcoming at the local store.
• Usage tracking may also be provided for the kiosk and/or web site. The frequency of use, color choices, program usage, walk-aways, etc., can be tracked and analyzed according to region, market, store, feature, etc. This information may be downloaded or sent from a kiosk to a central server for analysis.
• Another aspect of the color selection and coordination system provides a data-driven color model to implement the color coordination system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• A model encapsulates more than just data and functions that operate on it. A model is meant to serve as a computational approximation or abstraction of some real world process or system. It captures not only the state of a process or system, but how the system works.
• In the context of the color coordination system, the color model captures the processes associated with color (e.g., color palette coordination, computing shades and tints, etc.), the state of a user's palettes, and represents the set of colors that comprise the color palette.
• In one implementation of the expert color coordinator a real-time color model may be used where coordination of colors, shades and tints are computed in real-time using the principles of color theory. The colors may also be constrained to the limited colors available in the color palette. However, a real-time approach is limited because it doesn't allow for non-color-theory derived palettes and requires that the color coordination application incorporate and execute the color calculations required to derive the appropriate palettes and corresponding colors every time. Such computationally intensive expert color coordinator may be undesirable in certain situations, such as when implementing the system on a server for Internet users or when processing capabilities are limited.
• In another embodiment of the color coordinator, a data-driven color model is implemented in which it isn't necessary to compute color values in real-time because the color palette is composed of a finite set of colors, which, in combination with color-coordinating palettes, shades, and tints, can be pre-calculated and stored in a database. A data-driven color model provides the greatest degree of flexibility and ease of use in implementing an automated color coordination coordinator. A color coordination application need not execute and compute color values in real-time but instead simply query a database. Additionally, this allows for non-color-theory derived palettes to be incorporated into the color coordinator's color model with no change to the application program design. That is, since the color coordination relationships are defined as data, color coordination relationships from non-color-theory derived palettes may be entered into the database.
• Tables 1-7 below illustrate how a data-driven color coordination system may be implemented using various data structures according to one implementation of the invention. Such data-driven color-coordination system may be employed in implementing one embodiment of the expert color coordinator described above. In one implementation of the color coordinator, a color database is maintained which contains every color available to the user.
• For each color in the color database, a table or data element (e.g., Table 1) containing the elements shown is generated. The color palette may include both standard colors (e.g., those colors which are part of a paint product line) as well as user-defined colors (e.g., from user color samples, etc.). The fields Color_id and Name serve as color identifiers. The field Source_id is a reference to the source in which the color can be located, such as the inspiration library color palette, a user-defined color palette, etc. The field L_value describes the luminosity of the color. The fields A_value and B_value identify the color coordinates for particular color in a three-dimensional color model, C_value identifies the color's chroma, and H_value identifies the color's hue. The fields Next_lighter_id and Next_darker_id identify the color in the database which is lighter and darker, respectively, than the current color. Similarly, the fields Next_chroma_id and Prev_chroma_id identify the color in the database which is more muted and less muted, respectively, than the current color. The fields Next_hue_id and Prev_hue_id identify the colors found in the database which are, respectively, next in the color spectrum or preceding in the color spectrum from the current color. Additionally, one or more fields may integrate human expertise into the color database. For example, the field Is_wall_color_only indicates whether the current color and the field Is_offensive may indicate whether the current color is not well suited as an interior or exterior wall color. Such fields may be based on human experience and aesthetic tastes which may not be reflected using just a color theory.

  TABLE 1
  Field Name	Description	Type
  Color_id	The primary key for a paint color. This may	CHAR(6)
  	corresponds to a color code in a color sample or
  	swatch (e.g. standard color codes for a paint product
  	line, or a user-provided color sample)
  Name	The display name for this color	VARCHAR(60)
  Source_id	A reference to the source from which the color can	CHAR(6)
  	be located (e.g. Color Center, Interior Collection,
  	user-defined color, etc.)
  L_value	The decimal value for the luminosity of the color.	DECIMAL(6.3)
  A_value	The decimal value for the ‘a’ coordinate of the color.	DECIMAL(6.3)
  B_value	The decimal value for the ‘b’ coordinate of the color.	DECIMAL(6.3)
  C_value	The decimal value for the chroma of the color	DECIMAL(6 3)
  H_value	The decimal value for the hue of the color.	DECIMAL(6.3)
  Next_lighter_id	Foreign Key to a Paint Color that is the	CHAR(6)
  	corresponding next lighter version of this Paint
  	Color. In most cases this will be the Paint Color
  	whose C_Value and H_Value are the same but whose
  	L_Value is greater.
  Next_darker_id	Foreign Key to a Paint Color that is the	CHAR(6)
  	corresponding next darker version of this Paint
  	Color. In most cases this will be the Paint Color
  	whose C_Value and H_Value are the same but whose
  	L_Value is less.
  Next_chroma_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding Paint Color that is	CHAR(6)
  	more muted. In most cases this will be the Paint
  	Color whose L_Value and H_Value are the same but
  	whose C_Value is less.
  Prev_chroma_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding Paint Color that is	CHAR(6)
  	less ‘muted’. In most cases this will be the Paint
  	Color whose L_Value and H_Value are the same but
  	whose C_Value is greater.
  Next_hue_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding Paint Color that is	CHAR(6)
  	next in the color spectrum. In most cases this will be
  	the Paint Color whose L_Value and C_Value are the
  	same but whose H_Value is greater.
  Prev_hue_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding Paint Color that is	CHAR(6)
  	preceding in the color spectrum. In most cases this
  	will be the Paint Color whose L Value and C Value
  	are the same but whose H_Value is less.
  Is_wall_color_only	Boolean value that indicates that this color may only	BOOL
  	be used as a wall color and not as an accent or trim.
  Is_offensive	Boolean value that indicates that the color is	BOOL
  	‘offensive’ as an interior and/or exterior wall color.

• In the color select and coordination system, color refinement is the process of navigating a color palette in a manner that is intuitive to a user. To that end, a fine-tune (refine or modify) color interface (e.g.,1006 or1018 inFIG. 10) may provide such functionality in a series of buttons that allow the user to indicate what the next color to view. This may be accomplished by specifying relationships between the colors in the color database. These relationships may be specified for each color in the color database using the data structure or table illustrated in Table 1 where the previous and next color for various different characteristics (e.g., L_value, A_value, B_value, C_value chroma, H_value, Next-lighter_id, Next_darker_id, Next_chroma_id, Prev_chroma_id, Next_hue_id, and Prev_hue_id) are identified. For example, a fine-tuning interface may include a “More Muted” button, which, when pressed, presents the user with a database color that is more muted than the color currently being viewed. Similarly, other buttons, such as “less muted, lighter, darker, may be available to refine a color.
• The colors in the color database are intended to be displayed on a display screen or printed for the user's convenience. Since many of the display devices (e.g., monitors) and printers employ a combination of a basic colors (e.g., three colors—red, green, and blue) to generate all other colors, having a ready conversion between the colors in the color database and said basic colors would be advantageous and expedite processing. For every paint color in the color database, the color coordinator system needs to be able to render a digital equivalent on screen. Fore example, colors displayed on a display screen may be expressed in terms of red, green, and blue (RGB) values. These RGB values may be stored in a database in a separate table (e.g., Table 3 below) and identified by corresponding kiosk and paint color.
• The reason RGB values are not stored directly in the paint color table (e.g., Table 1) is due to the fact that although RGB values can be derived from the values (e.g., L_value, A_value, B_value, C_value, and H_value) stored in the paint color table (e.g., Table 1), they often run the risk of not being visually accurate for every monitor. Various factors impact the visual accuracy of a color expressed on a display monitor such as ambient lighting, temperature, etc. The adjustment of the RGB values to compensate for specific monitors is referred to as calibration.
• Calibration is the process of generating a color profile which is used by an application (e.g., the color coordination system) to compute appropriate RGB values for a specific environment (e.g. display monitor, printer, etc.). Unless the color profile changes (as a result of re-calibration), RGB values can be pre-computed and stored in the database for each monitor/paint color combination to prevent the need to evaluate RGB values in real-time. According to one embodiment of the invention, such conversion values (e.g., RGB values) are generated for each color in the database and for each display and/or printing device that may be attached to a kiosk.
• Table 2 illustrates how calibration or conversion. data/values may be arranged and stored in a conversion table for each color in the color database. Such conversion or calibration tables represent a unique color profile for the devices in the kiosk (e.g., printer, display device, etc.). The field Color_id identifies the color in the database to which the conversion data applies. The field Kiosk_id identifies the kiosk device (e.g., display device, printing device, etc.) to which the conversion data applies. According to one embodiment of the invention, three basic colors are used to generate all other colors in the color database. For example, the colors red, green, and blue are used in the data structure illustrated in Table 2. The fields R_value, G_value, and B_value provide the amount of red, green, and blue, respectively, that should be mixed to generate the corresponding color in the color database. In other implementations of the invention, more or fewer basic colors may be used without deviating from the invention.

  TABLE 2
  Field Name	Description	Type
  Color_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding Paint Color.	CHAR(6)
  Kiosk_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding Kiosk Element.	CHAR(6)
  R_value	The decimal value for the RED component	Decimal
  	of the corresponding Paint Color.	(6.3)
  G_value	The decimal value for the GREEN component	Decimal
  	of the corresponding Paint Color.	(6.3)
  B_value	The decimal value for the BLUE component	Decimal
  	of the corresponding Paint Color.	(6.3)

• Another aspect of the data-driven color model provides a data structure or table (e.g., Table 3) for color palettes. A color palette may be defined as a combination of grouped colors. Palettes may be generated according to and grouped into schemes. For example, color palettes for Monochromatic, Complementary, Warm, and Cool color schemes may be stored. Additionally, custom schemes may be generated and stored by users or others.
• In one embodiment of the invention, a palette may be represented as a data structure in which each paint color in the palette is identified with a corresponding surface/location to be painted.
• For example, Table 3 illustrates a data structure of a paint color palette according to one embodiment of the data-drive color model invention. The field Palette_id provides a unique identifier for the palette. The field Display_name identifies the palette by a name that may be displayed to the user of the color selection and coordination system. The fields Wall_color_id, Accent_color_id, and Trim_color_id, identifies the colors that may be used along the walls, accent surfaces, and trims, respectively. The field White_color_id identifies the white color that may be used along with the other colors in the palette.

  TABLE 3
  Field Name	Description	Type
  Palette_id	The Primary Key for the Palette.	CHAR(6)
  Display_name	The display name for the palette	VARCHAR(60)
  Wall_color_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding	CHAR(6)
  	Paint Color that will be the wall
  	color.
  Accent_color_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding	CHAR(6)
  	Paint Color that will be the accent
  	color.
  Trim_color_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding	CHAR(6)
  	Paint Color that will be the trim
  	color.
  White_color_id	Foreign Key to a corresponding	CHAR(6)
  	Paint Color that will be the white
  	color.

• According to one implementation of the color coordinator, once the user has selected a starting or core color, the color coordinator accesses the color database and provides a plurality of color combinations. In various embodiments of the invention, a color combination is a coordinating color combination that may be dynamically determined or predetermined. For example, four color schemes may be provided to the user. Each of the four color schemes or palettes may be related to a separate color coordination algorithm. Tables 4-7 illustrate four color palettes that may be provided to the user.
• Table 4 illustrates a monochromatic scheme in which colors selected for the Trim and Alternate Trim colors are a tint or shade of the core or starting color. The Accent and Alternate Accent colors are analogous colors (slightly different hue angle but belonging to the same general color area in color space) of equal value (chroma, depth). The White color is a white color of similar hue as the core color.

  TABLE 4
  Term	Description
  Core Color	The color the user has chosen to coordinate around.
  Trim	If core is dark, tint of core. If the core is light, then it's a
  	shade of the core.
  Accent	Analogous color of equal value (chroma, depth)
  White	White of similar hue as core
  Alt Trim	Shade or tint of core
  Alt accent	Analogous color of equal value on the opposite side of core
  	than the accent

• Table 5 illustrates a complementary color scheme in which complementary colors are those colors approximately one hundred eighty (180) degrees from the core or starting color. The Trim color is a complementary color of equal value to the core color and the Alternate Trim color is a color which is a shade or tint of the complementary color of the core color. The Accent color is a color that is a tint or shade of the core color and the Alternate Ascent color is a color that is a tint or shade of the core color with more contrast. The White color is a white color of similar hue as the core color.

  TABLE 5
  Term	Description
  Core Color	The color the user has chosen to coordinate around.
  Trim	Complement of equal value.
  Accent	Tint or shade of core color (If light, then dark, if dark, then
  	light)
  White	White of similar hue as the core color
  Alt Trim	Shade or tint of complement
  Alt Accent	Tint or shade of core color with more contrast

• Table 6 illustrates a warm triad scheme in which the colors are approximately 120 degree from the core color (on warm side of the hue). The Trim color is a Triad color (on warm side of hue) of equal value and the Alternate Trim is a color which is a shade or tint of the triad (on warm side of hue). The Accent color is a color a tint or shade of core color and the Alternate Ascent color is a tint or shade of the core color with more contrast. The White color is a white color of similar hue as the core color.

  TABLE 6
  Term	Description
  Core Color	The color the user has chosen to coordinate around.
  Trim	Triad (on warm side of hue) of equal value
  Accent	Tint or shade of core (If light, then dark, if dark, then light)
  White	White of similar hue as core color
  Alt Trim	Tint or shade of triad (on warm side of hue)
  Alt Accent	Tint or shade of core with more contrast

• Table 7 illustrates a cool triad scheme in which the colors are approximately one hundred twenty (120) degrees from the core color (on cool side of the hue). The Trim color is a Triad color (on cool side of hue) of equal value and the Alternate Trim is a color which is a shade or tint of the triad (on cool side of hue). The Accent color is a color that is a tint or shade of core color and the Alternate Ascent is a color that is a tint or shade of the core color with more contrast. The White color is a white color of similar hue as the core color.

  TABLE 7
  Term	Description
  Core Color	The color the user has chosen to coordinate around.
  Trim	Triad (on cool side of hue) of equal value
  Accent	Tint or shade of core color (If light, then dark, if dark, then
  	light)
  White	White of similar hue as core color
  Alt Trim	Tint or shade of triad (on cool side of hue)
  Alt accent	Tint or shade of core with more contrast

• Another aspect of the invention provides for generating the necessary color metrics (e.g., in Table 1, L_value, A_value, B_value, C_value chroma, H_value, Next_lighter_id, Next_darker_id, Next_chroma_id, Prev_chroma_id, Next_hue_id, and Prev_hue_id) for a color provided by the user, for instance, via a spectrophotometer. Thus, a user may add colors to the color database and color palette.
• Illustrative screens and functionality of an embodiment incorporating various aspects of the invention will now be described in connection with FIGS.26 to56. This functionality is implemented in an application program which may be written in, for example, Java, Laszlo Presentation Server or C++ and, which may run, for example, on a Windows XP or other operating system. The application may be based locally, such as in memory located in a kiosk or may be accessed over one or more communication links, such as from a server over the internet. In the following discussion, reference is made to “selection” of various links and other items presented on the screens under discussion. Those skilled in the net will appreciate that such selection may be accomplished with respect to computer display screen or monitor by various point and click or point and touch-operations accomplished by various well-known devices such as, for example, a conventional mouse, track ball or touch sensitive screen.
• FIGS. 28 and 29 illustrate screens presented after a user has scanned a paint sample to detect its color, for example, using a spectrophotometer or othercolor sensing device308, as previously discussed in connection withFIGS. 1-6. A user may be permitted to have the system determine a custom color to substantially identically match his or her sample color. Alternatively, the user may select a pre-mixed, off-the-shelf (“rack”) color which, to the user's eye or to the system, is the closest match.
• FIG. 28 illustrates a first system state wherein the ability to choose a custom color is disabled or a standard rack color is close enough to the scanned sample color (displayed in box3001) that a custom color is not offered. In such case, the system presents theclosest rack color3006 in box3004 and the user selects one of the following links, with resulting action illustrated in angle brackets “< >”.
• 1. “Select” thiscolor3006, vialink3003 <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45page2>
• 2. Re-scan,link3002, <go to initial page of the scan procedure (not shown)>
• 3. Back,link3005, <go to previous screen of the scan procedure (not shown)>
• 4. Start Over,link3007, <go to initial Start page>
• The initial Start page preferably permits the user to indicate whether he or she already has a color in mind, in which case a screen such asFIG. 26 or27 is presented, or needs some inspiration or ideas to assist in selecting an initial color, in which case an inspiration library or display is presented, for example as illustrated inFIGS. 50-55.
• FIG. 29 illustrates a second system state wherein the ability to choose a custom color is enabled and the user's sample is not close enough to a standard rack color. In such case, the user selects one of the following:
• 1. “Select this color/I want a custom color”,link3009, <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:page2,FIG. 45>
• 2. “Select this color/I want the nearest rack color”,link3011, <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45>
• 3. Re-scan,link3002, <go to initial page of the scan procedure>
• 4. Back,link3005, <go to previous screen of the scan procedure>
• 5. Start Over,link3007, <go to initial start page>
• The Application is preferably built so that the custom color component can be turned off at any time by a system administrator by manipulating a properties initialization file.
• If the user selects a custom color, then where a standard off-the-rack paint color would be shown in the rest of the application, “Custom Color” is displayed. For example, onFIG. 45, the text “Birthday Candle” would be replaced with “Custom Color” and the text “100 C-3” would be eliminated. No text is displayed where the standard rack color paint code would be displayed.
• The system may be configured to prompt a sheen selection, for example, by generating a “Custom Sheen Alert”, such as “Due to custom formula requirements, your scanned color needs a sheen assignment. Please select at least one area for your custom color.” The flow then proceeds to a Custom Color Sheen assignment screen (not shown) that allows users to select an area or areas which they intend to paint to which to assign the custom color, and then goes to an interior and/or exterior sheen assignment screen, as relevant to the choices.
• FIGS. 30-42 illustrate screens employed in a preferred “browse” implementation, which permits a user to select from a range of rack colors presented by the system. This “browse” feature may be entered for example vialinks3012 and3013 ofFIG. 26 andFIG. 27 respectively.
• The range of rack colors is preferably stored in a table in memory which may be referenced as a “color selection table.” An example of such a table is illustrated inFIG. 56. The illustrative table ofFIG. 56 includes a range of columns ofreds3014,oranges3015,yellows3016,greens3017,blues3018, andpurples3019 and neutrals/blacks3020. The number of columns may be 70, for example. The table also includes a matrix of “associated whites”3021. In a preferred table each column includes 23 colors comprising selected shades of the primary hue. Each of the 23 colors is assigned a unique numerical code for example such as450,450A-1,450A-2,450A-3,450B-4,450B-5, etc. Various coding schemes may be used as known to those skilled in the art.
• Various navigations from one color to the next color in the table ofFIG. 56 are mapped out in an XML map or data set. For example, if the user is at color450A-1 and selects a “next shade” link, the XML code directs that the color450A-2 be selected. A selected set of colors in a column may be referred to as a “card”, analogous to a physical card of a color rack display. A “card” may contain for example, four or five shades of a selected hue.
• Upon initial entry into the “browse” feature, the user is presented with the screen shown inFIG. 30. Here, the user selects one of the color links for one of a plurality of color ranges:Reds3014,Oranges3015,Yellows3016,Greens3017,Blues3018,Purples3019, Neutrals/Blacks3020, orWhites3021. All color links go to the Browse:FIG. 31 (page2), except “Whites”, which go to Browse:FIG. 38 (page9).
• The screen ofFIG. 31 is entered via animation from Browse:FIG. 30page1. According to the animation, the eightcolor chips3022 slide to the bottom of the screen inFIG. 31 to become the “Change Color Family” slider.FIGS. 30 and 31 particularly illustrate selection of “greens”3017. Upon initial entry, the user is shown the 23colors3031 for the selected hue, in this case, 23 shades of green. No color is pre-selected, however, arectangular bar element3023 located mid-screen and representing a default color is highlighted. If a user selects one of the 23colors3031, the selected color rectangle is highlighted on the display.
• The functionality of various links presented by the screen ofFIG. 31 are:
• • Associated Whites3026 <go to Browse:FIG. 33page4>
  • If the user selects theleft arrow3027 orright arrow3028 from themid-page bar3029, then the page re-loads with the next column of colors displayed as appropriate and with themid-page bar3029 highlighted with the newly indicated column
  • Change Color Family <As shown inFIG. 32, a tab slides up revealing all hues except white and neutrals/blacks; if the user selects a different hue of thegroup3022, then the page ofFIG. 31 re-loads with the color specified in the XML map>
  • Select thiscolor3035 <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45page2>
  • Fine Tune3036 <go to Browse:FIG. 39 page10>
  • Start Over <go to Start page>
  • Back <go to Browse:FIG. 30page1>
• If “Associated Whites”3026 is selected on the screen ofFIG. 31 orFIG. 32, the screen ofFIG. 33 is displayed. The particular whites displayed are determined by the XML mapping. When the screen ofFIG. 33 is displayed, the 23color buttons3031 and therelated bar3029 reduce in size and animate (move) left making space for 9white buttons3032 to animate in on the right. In this screen, all hue and all white chip links are active and when one is selected, it highlights on the display. No white chip is selected as a default
• The functionality of various links on the screen ofFIG. 33 is as follows:
• • If user selects theleft arrow3027 orright arrow3028 from themid-page bar3029, then the page re-loads with the next column of colors displayed as appropriate
  • Change Color Family <tab slides up revealing all hues except white and neutrals/blacks as shown inFIG. 32; if users selects a different hue, then the page ofFIG. 33 re-loads with the associated whites of that hue>
  • Select thiscolor3035 <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45page2>
• The Fine Tune, start over and Back links provide the same functionality as the screen ofFIG. 31.
• If “Neutrals/Blacks”3020 is selected on the screen ofFIG. 30, the eightcolor chips3022 fade away to the display ofFIG. 35. Upon entry, the user is showncards4,5 and6 of yellow neutrals and moves by groups of 3 cards right or left in the color selective table, except card10 is shown on its own. No chip is selected upon entry, and when a chip is selected, it highlights. Thebar element3039 mid-screen represents where the user is via highlighting—navigation is “more red, etc.” depending on location of the user's selection (not warmer/cooler); a user can traverse the 3 neutral groups through this bar. The bar element refers to the horizontal bar onFIG. 35 flanked by two arrows. A user can navigate from yellow neutrals to blue neutrals to red neutrals (throughout all three neutral families) by continuing to use this bar. An arrowhead indicates the user's location.
• FIG. 36 displays how the screen appears when there is only one remaining color for the “yellow neutral” color family.FIG. 37 displays the active state of the “change family bar” when activated fromFIG. 35.
• A hue control bar for neutrals may be provided to allow users to move to the red, yellow or blue-based hue, depending on their location. The hue control bar is the larger bar inFIG. 35 with text “Change Neutral Family”, which, when activated, looks likeFIG. 37. The functions of the Select this color, Fine Tune, Start Over, and Back links on the screen ofFIG. 35 are the same as inFIG. 31.
• If “Whites”3021 is selected on the screen ofFIG. 30, the eight color chips (3022) fade away into the display ofFIG. 38. The functionality of various links ofFIG. 38 is as follows:
• • Upon entry: User defaults to the 9 whites for the blue hue because in the illustrative embodiment under discussion the “whitest” white is “Ultra Pure White”, which is an associated white for the blue color family.
  • Warmer3037 <page reloads with the whites from the next warmest color>
  • Cooler3039 <page reloads with the whites from the next coolest color>
  • Select thiscolor3035 <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45page2>
  • Fine3036 Tune <go to Browse:FIG. 43page13>
  • Start Over <go to Startpage1
  • Back <go to Browse:FIG. 30page1>
• Navigation through the available “whites” is accomplished, for example, by reading from an XML table.
• If Neutrals+Associated Whites is selected vialink4030 onFIG. 36, the screen ofFIG. 42 appears.
• • Animation: Thecolor buttons4031 and related bar reduce in size and animate left making space for 9white buttons4035 to animate in on the right ofFIG. 42. All hue and all white chips are active and when selected should highlight No white chip is selected as a default All 9 whites apply to all 3 neutral groups
  • If user selects the left arrow or right arrow from the bar mid-page, then page re-loads with appropriate column of neutrals displayed
  • A hue control bar for neutrals allows users to move to the red, yellow or blue-based neutrals hue, depending on their location
  • Select this color <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45page2>
  • Fine tune <go to Browse: page10>
  • Start Over <go to Start:FIG. 30page1>
  • Back <go to Browse:page1>
• Once the user has selected a color, e.g., on one of the screens ofFIG. 31-37, the user may decide to “Fine Tune” the color, via e.g.,link3036. Selectinglink3036 on the screens ofFIGS. 31-33 results in the display of the screen shown inFIG. 39, which provides a color tuning “tool”. The color theory behind this tool is numerical, i.e., a number is assigned to each different color in the table, e.g. ofFIG. 56, and “tuning” or movement to another color is defined as a move to another number in the table via the XML data table.
• The user may fine tune the color via any of the following controls: More bright3051, Less bright3053,Lighter3054,Darker3055, More3056 <next hue to the left>, and More3057 <next hue to the right>. Once a user is happy with his or her color selection, the user selects “Select This Color” <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45Page 2>. The user may also select “Back”, <go to previous screen> or “Start Over”, which will take the user back to the beginning <go to Start page>.FIG. 40 illustrates that the “more bright” button no longer appears when the user has already selected the brightest color available.
• If the user selects the “Fine Tune”link3036 in the display ofFIG. 38, the display ofFIG. 43 (p. 13) appears. The user may fine tune the color via these controls: warmer3061 or cooler3062. Once a user is happy with his or her color selection, the user selects “Select This Color” <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 45Page 2<. The user may also select “Back”, <go to previous screen> or “Start Over”, which will take them back to the beginning <go to Start page>.
• If the user selects “Fine Tune” on the display ofFIG. 35, 36, or37, (i.e., fine tuning of a neutral color) the display ofFIG. 41 appears. The color theory behind this tool is again numerical. The user may fine tune the color via any of the following controls:
• • More <red, yellow or blue>; user cannot traverse to another neutral group through this functionality
  • Lighter
  • Darker
  • Neutral Hue Control bar (red, yellow, blue); user can not traverse to another neutral group through this functionality.
• FIGS.44 to49 illustrate screens for implementing functionality whereby a user may select a color and then build his or her own color palette. The “Coordinate Similar Colors” screen ofFIG. 45 is reached after a single color has been selected, for example, as a result of a scan or browse operation as discussed above. The “Add color” link takes a user toFIG. 26 where the user decides how she or he wants to add color. “Coordinate” takes the user toFIG. 46. Preview/print may lead to a print function for the selected colors.
• The first page of the “coordinate” screens,FIG. 44 provides the following functionality:
• • The user may build his or her own palette by selecting the “Build Your Own”link3071 <go to Start:FIG. 26page3>
  • 2. The-user may get color recommendations by selecting the “Get Color Recommendations”link3072 <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 47page4>
  • 3. The user may “Start Over”link3073 <go to Start page>
• This page (FIG. 44) will not show a full-dynamically generated color coordination palette.
• If the user selects “Get color Recommendations” onFIG. 44, the screen ofFIG. 47 (page4) “Coordinate Your Color” is presented. The screen ofFIG. 47 provides the following functionality:
• • 1. The user may select to “See Similar Colors”,link3075, <go to Coordination/Similar colors:FIG. 48page5>
  • 2. The user may select “Coordinate with thecolor3076 as the main color”,link3077, <go to Coordination/similar Colors:FIG. 49page6>
  • 3. The user may select “Coordinate with thecolor3076 as the accent color”, link3078 <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:FIG. 49page6>
  • 4. The user may select “Start Over” <go to Start page>
• This page (FIG. 47) will show a representative, dynamically-generated similar color and coordinated palette to the user, based on their pre-selected color.
• With respect to the screen ofFIG. 46, (page3) the user must designate a color as his or her Main color by clicking/touching that color and then clicking/touching the “Select”link3078 <go to Coordination/Similar Colors:page6,FIG. 49>. The only other functionality on this page,FIG. 46, is that the user may “Start Over”link3080 <go to Start: page>. The user navigates toFIG. 46 by hitting “coordinate” onFIG. 45.
• Selection of either link3077 or3078 on the screen ofFIG. 47 orlink3079 on the screen ofFIG. 46 initiates display of the screen ofFIG. 49, which provides the following functionality:
• • The user may select one of the coordinated palettes with which to proceed, for example a Palette Home page.
  • 2. The user may select “More” to see more coordinated palette options <reload screen with more palette options (the palette option screens areFIGS. 48 and 49>If “More” is depressed, it is replaced in the next view of screen49 by the word “Previous” (item 4 below)
  • 3. The user may “Start Over” <go to Start page>
  • 4. “Previous Combinations”
  • 5. The user may go “Back” <go to previous screen>
• Selection of the “See Similar Colors”link3075 on the screen ofFIG. 47 initiates display of the screen ofFIG. 48 (page5), which provides the following functionality:
• • 1. The user may select one of the similar palettes with which to proceed via one of thelinks3081,3082,3083,3084 <go to Palette Home>
  • 2. The user may select “More” to see more similar palette options (again not shown?) <reload screen with more palette options>
  • 3. The user may “Start Over” <to go Start:page1>
• FIGS. 50-55 depict an illustrative embodiment and implementation of an inspirational idea sequence.FIG. 50 permits the user to select either an “interior” or “exterior” inspirational scene vialinks4003,4005. In response to such selection, the screen ofFIG. 51 presents an inspirational carousel animation, which cycles through 4 images e.g.,3089,3091, before landing on theinitial image3090 of the “slide show”. A 4-image cycle is stored for each of the interior and exterior slides. With respect to the screen ofFIG. 51, the user is shown a slide show of thumbnails with theinitial image3090 contained in the central andlarger box3091. The user can view other inspirational images, e.g.,3089,3091, in the center/larger box3090 by clicking the “previous/next”page icons3092,3093. When the user clicks on an image in thecentral box3091, the main viewing window animates left and 4tabs3095,3096,3097,3098 appear on the right side of the screen with the selected image presented in thetop tab3095, as shown inFIG. 52 <go to Inspiration:FIG. 52page3>.
• By manipulating thebuttons3092,3093 on the screen ofFIG. 52, the user may select up to 4 thumbnails for insertion into thetabs3095,3096,3097,3098, each labeled with their category, as illustrated inFIG. 53. The user may also start over <go to Start page>
• FIG. 51 refers to the initial state of the category selection screen. After a user has touched a picture, and thus selected a category, the page animates to look likeFIG. 52 with the category(ies) the user has chosen populating links3095-3098. Once at least one image/category has been chosen on the screen ofFIG. 51, a user can at any time click the “now available”tabs3095,3096,3097,3098 on the right ofFIG. 52 to see results on the screen ofFIG. 54 <go to Inspiration:FIG. 54page5> The results are preferably a data set of coordinated inspirational palettes that are organized by color, style, mood, and life stage.
• If the user comes back to the page ofFIG. 51 from Inspiration page ofFIG. 54, the page (FIG. 51) must re-load up to the last 4 images/categories chosen as the buttons at the bottom. Links3095-3098 onFIG. 52 must be populated with the same categories available onFIG. 54 if “back to categories” is pressed fromFIG. 54.
• If user has selected 4 thumbnails and then selects a 5th, the 1st thumbnail chosen will be removed (and so on). Finally, the user may go “Back”link4000FIG. 51 to select interior/exterior again onFIG. 50.
• With respect to the screen ofFIG. 54 (page5), the user is shown up to 3 palettes per page of the selected category. In other words, each time a user hitslinks4011,4012 they scroll to the next “page”, or set of 3 palettes, for a given category. Each category can contain a large number of palettes that can be seen only 3 at a time.
• • 1. The user may go “back” to the Slide Show ofFIG. 51 and the Slide Show will recall their last 4 choices <go to Inspiration:page2>
  • 2. The user may select a single palette to move forward with by clicking/touching one of the “Select”links4013,4014,4015 <go to Inspiration:page6,FIG. 55>
  • 3. The user may “start over” <go to Start page>
• When the “Select”link4020 is chosen on the page ofFIG. 55, the user is sent to a palette home page along with the colors from the inspiration palette, which populate the palette home page.
• A useful color selection method may be implemented to assist a user to select additional colors to match first and second colors the user has chosen. In an illustrative embodiment of such a method, for any combination of two pre-selected colors, 8 coordinated palettes are created.
• ConsideringFIG. 57, the first two palettes are tint/shade palettes based on the user selected colors A and B. The same method of color selection is used to generate the first two palettes, regardless of the relationship between colors A and B, according to the following selection criteria:
• • Palette 1:
  • A: Known
  • B: Known
  • C: If A is light, Color C is a shade of A. If A is dark, Color C is a tint of A.
  • D: White of A
• In the embodiment under discussion, the user selects A from a set of available colors such as those in the table ofFIG. 56. The associated “white” for each such color A is stored and retrieved, e.g., by a table look up operation. The “shade” and “tint” of the color are completed in real time. The “shade” may be determined by subtracting “15” from the L value of A while holding the chroma and hue constant. The “tint” may be determined by adding “15” to the L value of A, again holding chroma and hue constant.
  • Palette 2:
  • A: Known
  • B: Known
  • C: If B is light, Color C is a shade of B If B is dark, Color C is a tint of B
  • D: White of A
• Forpalette 2, “tint”, “shade” and “white of A” may be determined in the same manner as used forpalette 1. To establish whether a known color, e.g., “A” is “light” or “dark for purposes ofpalettes 1 and 2, color space such as illustrated, inFIG. 58 may be divided into a number of segments (arcs measured in degrees), such as, for example, 36. A selected range of colors, such as 21, in each segment are then considered “dark” and the rest “light.” Alternatively, a selected color in each segment is chosen as a “core” color. Whether color A is “light” or “dark” is then determined by its position with respect to the core color of the segment within which A lies. Lightness or darkness in this context may thus be determined by a software implemented table look up operation.
• To create the next six palettes, the relationship between colors A and B is taken into account. First we determine the sector which is formed by two selected colors. Two properties are mainly of interest- angle and warmness or coolness of the sector. The angle for the red-orange portion of the color wheel is defined as follows:

  	No angle	0°-15°
  	Sharp	15°-45°
  	Sharp to right	45°-105°
  	Wide	105°-135°
  	Ultra-wide	135°-165°
  	Opposite	165°-180°

  
  The respective angle values in yellow-green-blue can be slightly different than that for red-orange. colors with hue distance less than 100° will have considerably higher chroma than originating colors; in the same way the chroma of the complement would have significantly smaller value for hue distances larger than 140°, and it is preferred that the chroma stay within the normalized values of two selected colors.
• To facilitate discussion of the manner in which the remaining 6 palettes are determined it is assumed that color A is always on the left (counterclockwise) of color B, and color D is always selected as the White of color A. According, the following paragraphs describe the method used to determine Color C for each of the remaining 6 palettes based on the relationships between colors A and B. The determination may be data driven through use of appropriate data structures as discussed for example in connection with Tables 1-7 above.
• If A and B are characterized by “No angle”, then color C is selected as illustrated inFIG. 58 and for each of the 6 remaining palettes respectively equals, for the 6 remaining palettes, respectively:
• Palette 3: Analogous counterclockwise of A.
• Palette 4: Analogous clockwise of B.
• Palette 5: Clockwise analogous of a complement to a split.
• Palette 6: Counterclockwise analogous of a complement to a split.
• Palette 7: Best warm (Calculate the warm triad for each A and B, and select the result that is most warm . . . )
• Palette 8: Best cool (Calculate the cool triad for each of A and B, and select the result that is most cool . . . )
• If A and B are characterized as “Sharp”, then color C is selected as illustrated inFIG. 59 and equals:
• 3. Analogous counterclockwise of A. The analogous angle will have to be adjusted based on the angle between A and B. For example if AB angle is 25° the analogous angle will be 35° to offset the smaller angle between AB. However if the AB angle is 40° that analogous angle should be 40° also to keep the proportion. Thus analogous angle is never less than 30°, but is increased for AB angles less and greater than 30°.
• 4. Analogous clockwise of B.
• 5. Complement of A.
• 6. Complement of B
• 7. Best warm.
• 8. Best cool.
• If Colors A & B are characterized as “Sharp to right”, then color C is selected as illustrated inFIG. 60 and equals:
• 3. Warm or cool of A whichever lies counterclockwise.
• 4. Warm or cool of B whichever lies clockwise.
• 5. Counterclockwise analogous to (1). At this specific angle we do not use the complement because either (1) or (3) will be the complement of A depending on the angle. Same is true for (4).
• 6. Clockwise analogous of (2) If (5) and (6) are too close, (5) is recalculated as clockwise and (6) as counterclockwise.
• 7. Cool if (3) is warm and warm is (3) is cool based on A.
• 8. Cool if (4) is warm and warm is (4) is cool based on B
• If the angle is wide, then color C is selected as illustrated inFIG. 61, and equals for the six palettes, respectively:
• 3. Complement of A and B.
• 4. If the AB sector is warm the warm palette is created, otherwise cool palette is used. The core color for the palette will not necessarily be the main color. the core is the color that produces third color inside the selected sector.
• 5. Complement of A
• 6. Complement of B
• 7. Opposite of (4). If the AB is war the cool palette is created, otherwise warm palette is used. The core color for the palette will not necessarily be the main color. The color is the color that produces third color inside the selected sector.
• 8. Split
• If angle is ultra wide, then color C is selected as illustrated inFIG. 62 and equals:
• 3. Complement of A and B.
• 4. Split
• 5. Clockwise analogous of a complement to (4). We do not use analogous of a (3) because of the chroma adjustment when calculating the split complement. Same for (6).
• 6. Counterclockwise analogous of a complement to (4).
• 7. Best warm
• 8. Best cool
• If A and B are opposite, then C is selected as illustrated inFIG. 63, and equals:
• 1. Best warm—the warmer of the warm for A and warm for B
• 2. Best cool- the cooler of the cool for A and cool for B.
• 3. Analogous of A clockwise.
• 4. Analogous of B counterclockwise.
• 5. Split
• 6. Complement of a split.
• In a case where the user has chosen three colors and wishes to have the system provide a matching fourth color, it is difficult to implement a method based on angles as done for two colors. Thus, a different method is preferably used. In particular, for each selected color (A, B, C) the complement, warm, cool and two analogous colors are calculated and are designated AO, AW, AC, AR, AL for color A; BO, BW, BC, BR, BL for color B; and finally CO, CW, CC, CR, CL for C.
• The first three palettes are created using tints for selected colors, where color A, color B and color C are known. In such case, the selection method for color D is as follows:
• • 1. If A is light, D=Shade of A. If A is dark, D=Tint of A.
  • 2. If B is light, D=Shade of B. If A is dark, D=Tint of B
  • 3. If C is light, D=Shade of C. If A is dark, D=Tint of C.
• The method disclosed above for determining “tint” and “shade” may again be used.
• For the remaining five palettes, calculated colors are added in the following order: Complements first (AO, BO, CO), followed by warm (AW, BW, CW) and cool (AC, BC, CC) and finally analogous (AR, AL, BR, BL, CR, CL). If the new color (AO) is not the same as B, C, or form sharp hue angles with B or C or previously added colors, it is chosen as color D, otherwise the color is rejected and the selection routine moves to the next calculated color. Iterations continue until five D colors are added.
• Next, the hue angles are analyzed for all selected colors. If there is a sharp angle (<35 degrees) present between A and B or B and C, the system finds an unused color among the candidate colors that better coordinates with A and C, and discards a previously added color from the heavier populated side of the spectrum.
• While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications are possible. Those skilled, in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the just described preferred embodiment can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.

Claims (20)

1. A computerized method for assisting a user with color selection via selection operations performed on a computer controlled display comprising the steps of:

presenting the user with a first display of a plurality of color ranges;

responding to user selection of a first of said ranges on said first display by providing the user with a second display comprising a plurality of colors in a selected sub-range within said first range, said second display further providing a first link enabling the user to change the color range, a second link enabling the user to select a plurality of shades of white associated with said first range, and a third link to a display screen enabling fine of tuning one of the colors in said sub-range after selection of that one color by the user;

responding to selection of said second link to present the user with a display comprising a plurality said shades of white each shade appearing in a respective one of a plurality of regions, each of said regions comprising a link for selecting the particular shade of white associated with said region; and

responding to user selection of said third link by presenting the user with a display screen on which the user may activate at least one fine tune operation with respect to a selected color.

2. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said plurality of ranges comprises a range of reds, a range of oranges, a range of yellows, a range of greens, a range of blues and a range of purples.

3. The method ofclaim 2 wherein said sub-range comprises a column of shades of one of said plurality of ranges.

4. The method ofclaim 3 wherein each said column comprises 23 shades.

5. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said second display further comprises at least one icon selectable to cause display of a second sub-range within said first range.

6. The method ofclaim 2 wherein each of said ranges is represented on said first display by a corresponding button.

7. The method ofclaim 5 wherein each of said first and second sub-ranges comprise a set of a plurality of shades of said first range.

8. The method ofclaim 1 wherein upon selection of said first link a table slides into view presenting a plurality of section buttons, each button corresponding to one of said color ranges.

9. The method ofclaim 1 wherein upon selection of said second link the selected sub-range moves and reduces in size, thereby creating space for display of said plurality of shades of white.

10. The method ofclaim 8 wherein said plurality of shades of white comprises a 3×3 matrix of selection buttons.

11. The method ofclaim 1 wherein one of said plurality of ranges comprises a neutrals/blacks range and where upon selection of the neutrals/blacks range the first display of a plurality of color ranges fades away and is replaced by a display of a sub-range of the neutrals/blacks range.

12. The method ofclaim 10 further including a color selection bar displayed within said neutrals/blacks sub-range, said bar enabling the user to select display of a second sub-range of neutrals/blacks.

13. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said plurality of ranges further include a range of whites and further including the step of responding to user selection of said range of whites to provide the user with a display of a sub-range of whites.

14. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said display screen further enables user activation of a plurality of fine tune operations on said display screen, said operations including more bright, less bright, darker and lighter.

15. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said at least one fine tune operation comprises one of the following operations: more bright, less bright, lighter or darker.

16. The method ofclaim 13 where said display of a sub-range of whites further includes a presentation of a white fine tune selection button.

17. The method ofclaim 16 further comprising responding to user selection of said white fine tune selection button by presenting the user with a display on which the user may activate at least one fine tune operation with respect to a selected shade of white.

18. The method ofclaim 17 wherein said at least one fine tune operation comprises one of the following operations: warmer, or cooler.

19. The method ofclaim 11 further including a fine tune selection button presented with said display of neutrals/blacks.

20. The method ofclaim 11 further including the step of responding to user selection of said neutrals/blacks fine tune button by presenting the user with a display on which the user may activate at least one neutrals/blacks fine tune operation.

Images