US20050276255A1 - Ultra wide band communication network - Google Patents

Abstract

An ultra wide band communication network is provided. One embodiment ultra wide band network includes an industry standard transceiver and an ultra wide band transceiver communicating with the industry standard transceiver, with both transceivers communicating using at least one Time Division Multiple Access frame. Another embodiment network comprises an industry standard transceiver and an ultra wide band transceiver, wherein one transceiver is structured and configured to manage data transmission between all of the transceivers, with each of the transceivers having a Medium Access Control Unit including a Physical layer interface. This Abstract is provided for the sole purpose of complying with the Abstract requirement rules that allow a reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the disclosure contained herein. This Abstract is submitted with the explicit understanding that it will not be used to interpret or to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Description

• This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 as a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/393,126, filed Sep. 10, 1999, entitled “Baseband Wireless Network for Isochronous Communication.”
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• This invention pertains generally to network systems for exchanging data across a shared medium. More particularly, the invention is a wireless communication network system for isochronous data transfer between node devices of the network system that provides at least one master node device which manages the data transmission between slave node devices of the network system, and which further provides a time division multiple access frame definition which provides each node device on the network system a transmit time slot for communication.
THE PRIOR ART
• Network systems for data communication exchange have been evolving for the past several decades. Particularly, computer network systems have been developed to exchange information and provide resource sharing. Network systems generally comprise one or more node devices which are interconnected and capable of communicating. The most common network systems today are “wired” local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Normally, node devices participating in such wired networks are physically connected to each other by a variety of transmission medium cabling schemes including twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optics and telephone systems including time division switches (T-1, T-3), integrated services digital network (ISDN), and asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL). While wired solutions provide adequate bandwidth or data throughput between node devices on the network, users participating in such networks are generally restricted from mobility. Typically, users participating in a wired network are physically limited to a specific proximity by the length of the cable attached to the user's node device.
• Many common network protocols in use today are asynchronous and packet based. One of the most popular is Ethernet or IEEE 802.3. These types of networks are optimized for bursts of packetized information with dynamic bandwidth requirements settled on-demand. This type of network works well for many data intensive applications in computer networks but is not ideal for situations requiring consistent delivery of time-critical data such as media streams.
• Media streams typically require connection oriented real-time traffic. Most media stream applications need to establish a required level of service. Dedicated connections are required with a predictable throughput. Low traffic jitter is often a necessity and can be provided with the use of a common network clocking reference.
• Fire wire, or IEEE 1394, is an emerging wireline network technology that is essentially asynchronous, but provides for isochronous transfers or “sub-actions”. Isochronous data is given priority, but consistent time intervals of data transfer is limited by mixing isochronous and purely asynchronous transfers.
• Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a popular standard for computer peripheral connections. USB supports isochronous data transfer between a computer and peripheral devices. The computer serves as bus master and keeps the common clock reference. All transfers on USB must either originate or terminate at the bus master, so direct transfers between two peripheral devices is not supported.
• Wireless transmission provides mobile users the ability to connect to other network devices without requiring a physical link or wire. Wireless transmission technology provides data communication through the propagation of electromagnetic waves through free space. Various frequency segments of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for such transmission including the radio spectrum, the microwave spectrum, the infrared spectrum and the visible light spectrum. Unlike wired transmission, which is guided and contained within the physical medium of a cable or line, wireless transmission is unguided, and propagates freely though air. Thus the transport medium air in wireless communication is always shared between various other wireless users. As wireless products become more pervasive, the availability of airspace for data communication becomes proportionally more limited.
• Radio waves travel long distances and penetrate solid objects and are thus useful for indoor and outdoor communication. Because radio waves travel long distances, radio interference between multiple devices is a common problem, thus multiple access protocols are required among radio devices communicating using a single channel. Another common problem associated with wireless transmission is multi-path fading. Multipath fading is caused by divergence of signals in space. Some waves may be refracted off low-lying atmospheric layers or reflected off objects such as buildings and mountains, or indoors off objects such as walls and furniture and may take slightly longer to arrive than direct waves. The delayed waves may arrive out of phase with the direct waves and thus strongly attenuate or cancel the signal. As a result of multipath fading, operators have resorted to keeping a percentage of their channels idle as spares when multipath fading wipes out some frequency band temporarily.
• Infrared communication is widely used for short-range communication. The remote controls used on televisions, VCRs, and stereos all use infrared communication. The major disadvantage to infrared waves is that they do not pass through solid objects, thus limiting communication between devices to “line of sight”. These drawbacks associated with the current implementation of wireless technology in network systems have resulted in mediocre performance and periodic disruption of operations.
• In addition to the above noted drawbacks of Firewire and USB, there are currently no standards for wireless implementations of either. Of the wireless networks in use today, many are based at least in part on the EEEE 802.11 (wireless ethernet) extension to IEEE 802.3. Like wireless ethernet, this system is random access, using a carrier sense multiple access with collision detect (CSMA-CD) scheme for allowing multiple transmitters to use the same channel. This implementation suffers from the same drawback of wireline ethernet described above.
• A similar implementation intended for industrial use is that of Hyperlan™. While still an asynchronous protocol, Hyperlan™ uses priority information to give streaming media packets higher access to the random access channel. This implementation reduces, but does not eliminate the problems of sending streaming media across asynchronous networks.
• The Home-RF consortium is currently working on a proposal for a wireless network specification suitable for home networks. The current proposal specifies three types of wireless nodes, the connection points (CP), isochronous devices (I-nodes), and asynchronous devices (A-nodes). Isochronous transfers on the Home-RF network are intended for 64-kbps voice (PSTN) services and are only allowed between I-node devices and the CP device that is connected to the PSTN network. There is no allowance in the Home-RF specification for alternative methods of isochronous communication such as might be required for high quality audio or video.
• The Bluetooth Special Interest Group™ has developed a standard for a short range low bit-rate wireless network. This network standard does overcome some of the shortcomings of random access networks, but still lacks some of the flexibility needed for broadband media distribution. The Bluetooth network uses a master device which keeps a common clock for the network. Each of the slave devices synchronizes their local clock to that of the master, keeping the local clock within ±10 microseconds (/xsecs). Data transfer is performed in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) format controlled by the master device. Two types of data links are supported: Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) and Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL). The Master can establish a symmetric SCO link with a slave by assigning slots to that link repeating with some period Tsco. ACL links between the master and slave devices are made available by the Master addressing slave devices in turn and allowing them to respond in the next immediate slot or slots. Broadcast messages are also allowed originating only at the master with no direct response allowed from the slave devices.
• Several limitations exist in the Bluetooth scheme. All communication links are established between the master device and the slave devices. There are no allowances for slave-slave communication using either point-to-point or broadcast mechanisms. Additionally, isochronous communications are only allowed using symmetric point-to-point links between the master device and one slave device. The TDMA structure used by Bluetooth is also limiting in that slot lengths are set at N*625 μsecs where N is an integer 0<=1<=5.
• All of the above wireless network schemes use some form of continuous wave (CW) communications, typically frequency hopping spread spectrum. The drawbacks of these systems are that they suffer from multipath fading and use expensive components such as high-Q filters, precise local high-frequency oscillators, and power amplifiers.
• Win et. al. have proposed using time-hopping spread spectrum multiple access (TH-SSMA), a version of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), for wireless extension of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks which is described in the article to Win, Moe Z., et al. entitled “ATM-Based TH-SSMA Network for Multimedia PCS” published in “IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications”, Vol. 17, No. 5, May 1999. Their suggestion is to use TH-SSMA as a wireless “last hop” between a wireline ATM network and mobile devices. Each mobile device would have a unique connection to the closest base station. Each mobile-to-base connection would be supplied with a unique time hopping sequence. Transfers would happen asynchronously with each node communicating with the base at any time using a unique hopping sequence without coordinating with other mobile devices.
• There are significant drawbacks to the TH-SSMA system for supporting media stream transfers between devices of the network. This method is designed to link an external switched wireline network to mobile nodes, not as a method of implementing a network of interconnected wireless nodes. This method relies on the external ATM network to control the virtual path and virtual connections between devices. Base stations must be able to handle multiple simultaneous connections with mobile devices, each with a different time hopping sequence, adding enormously to the cost and complexity of the base station. Transfers between mobile devices must travel through the base station using store and forward. Finally, all mobile nodes are asynchronous, making truly isochronous transfers impossible.
• Accordingly, there is a need for a wireless communication network system apparatus which provides for isochronous data transfer between node devices of the network, which provides at least one master node device which manages the data transmission between the other node devices of the network, and which provides a means for reducing random errors induced by multipath fading, and which further provides communication protocol to provide a means for sharing the transport medium between the node devices of the network so that each node device has a designated transmit time slot for communicating data. The present invention satisfies these needs, as well as others, and generally overcomes the deficiencies found in the background art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention is a wireless communication network system for isochronous data transfer between node devices. In general, the network system comprises a plurality of node devices, wherein each node device is a transceiver. Each transceiver includes a transmitter or other means for transmitting data to the other transceivers as is known in the art. Each transceiver also includes a receiver or other means for receiving data from the other transceivers as is known in the art. One of the transceivers is preferably structured and configured as a “master” device. Transceivers other than the master device are structured and configured as “slave” devices. The master device carries out the operation of managing the data transmission between the node devices of the network system. The invention further provides means for framing data transmission and means for synchronizing the network.
• By way of example, and not of limitation, the data transmission framing means comprises a Medium Access Control protocol which is executed on circuitry or other appropriate hardware as is known in the art within each device on the network. The Medium Access Control protocol provides a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) frame definition and a framing control function. The TDMA architecture divides data transmission time into discrete data “frames”. Frames are further subdivided into “slots”. The framing control function carries out the operation of generating and maintaining the time frame information by delineating each new frame by Start-Of-Frame (SOF) symbols. These SOF symbols are used by each of the slave devices on the network to ascertain the beginning of each frame from the incoming data stream.
• In the preferred embodiment, the frame definition comprises a master slot, a command slot, and a plurality of data slots. The master slot is used for controlling the frame by delineating the SOF symbols. As described in further detail below, the master slot is also used for synchronizing the network. The command slot is used for sending, requesting and authorizing commands between the master device and the slave devices of the network. The master device uses the command slot for ascertaining which slave devices are online, offline, or engaged in data transfer. The master device further uses the command slot for authorizing data transmission requests from each of the slave devices. The slave devices use the command slot for requesting data transmission and indicating its startup (online) or shutdown (offline) state. The data slots are used for data transmission between the node devices of the network. Generally, each transmitting device of the network is assigned one or more corresponding data slots within the frame in which the device may transmit data directly to another slave device without the need for a “store and forward” scheme as is presently used in the prior art. Preferably, the master dynamically assigns one or more data slots to slave devices which are requesting to transmit data. Preferably, the data slots are structured and configured to have variable bit lengths having a granularity of one bit. The present invention provides that the master device need not maintain communication hardware to provide simultaneous open links between itself and all the slave devices.
• Broadcast is supported with synchronization assured. This guarantees that media can be broadcast to many nodes at the same time. This method allows, for example, synchronized audio data to be sent to several speakers at the same time, and allows left and right data to be sent in the same frame.
• Asynchronous communication is allowed in certain slots of the frame through the use of either master polling or CSMA-CD after invitation from the master.
• The means for synchronizing the network is preferably provided by a clock master function in the master device and a clock recovery function in the slave devices. Each node device in the network system maintains a clock running at a multiple of the bit rate of transmission. The clock master function in the master device maintains a “master clock” for the network. At least once per frame, the clock master function issues a “master sync code” that is typically a unique bit pattern which identifies the sender as the clock master. The clock recovery function in the slave devices on the network carries out the operation of recovering clock information from the incoming data stream and synchronizing the slave device to the master device using one or more correlators which identifies the master sync code and a phase or delayed locked loop mechanism. In operation, the clock master issues a “master sync code” once per frame in the “master slot”. A slave device trying to synchronize with the master clock will scan the incoming data stream for a master sync code using one or more correlators. As each master sync code is received, the phase or delayed locked loop mechanism is used to adjust the phase of the slave clock to that of the incoming data stream. By providing a common network clock on the master device, with slave devices synchronizing their local clocks to that of the master clock, support for synchronous and isochronous communication in additional to asynchronous communication is provided. Time reference between all device nodes is highly accurate eliminating most latency and timing difficulties in isochronous communication links.
• As noted above, each transceiver carries out the operation of transmitting and receiving data. In wireless transmission, data is transmitted via electromagnetic waves, which are propagated through free space. In the preferred embodiment, the invention provides data transmission via baseband wireless technology. This method uses short Radio Frequency (RF) pulses to spread the power across a large frequency band and as a consequence reduces the spectral power density and the interference with any device that uses conventional narrowband communication. This method of transmitting short pulses is also referred to as Ultra Wide Band technology. This present implementation provides baseband wireless transmission without any carrier. Use of baseband wireless greatly reduces multipath fading and provides a cheaper, easier to integrate solution by eliminating a sinewave carrier. According to the invention, there is no carrier to add, no carrier to remove, and signal processing may be done in baseband frequencies.
• Additionally, using short pulses provides another advantage over Continuous Wave (CW) technology in that multipath fading can be avoided or significantly reduced. The present invention further provides a modulator or other means for modulating data as is known in the art, a demodulator or other means for demodulating data as is known in the art, and a gain controller or other means for controlling the gain of each of the transceivers. In the preferred embodiment, the means for modulating data comprises a modulator which converts the TDMA frames into streams of baseband pulses. The means for demodulating data comprises a demodulator which converts incoming baseband pulses into TDMA frames.
• In a first embodiment, the invention provides pulse modulation and demodulation with on/off keying. The transmitting device modulates a “1” into a pulse. A “0” is indicated as the absence or lack of a pulse. The receiver locks on to the transmitted signal to determine where to sample in the incoming pulse streams. If a pulse appears where the signal is sampled, a “1” is detected. If no pulse appears, a “0” is detected.
• In another exemplary embodiment, the invention provides pulse modulation and demodulation using a pulse amplitude modulation scheme. Here, the transmitting device modulates a digital symbol as a pulse amplitude. For example, a three bit symbol can be represented with eight levels of pulse amplitude. The receiver locks on to the transmitted signal to determine where to sample the incoming pulse stream. The level of the pulse stream is sampled, and the pulse amplitude is converted to a digital symbol.
• The gain controlling means carries out the operation of adjusting the output gain of the transmitter and adjusting the input gain of the receiver.
• The network system also includes a hardware interface within the Data Link Layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model comprising a multiplexer/demultiplexer unit and a plurality of slot allocation units.
• The master devices described herein, in addition to carrying out its functions as a master device, may also carry out functions as a slave device as described above. For example, the master device may also engage in data transfer of non-protocol related data with a slave device.
• An object of the invention is to provide a baseband wireless network system which overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a baseband wireless network system which provides isochronous data communication between at least two node devices on the network.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a baseband wireless network system which provides a master device which manages network data communication between the other nodes devices of the network.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a baseband wireless network system which provides a time division multiple access frame definition which provides each node device on the network at least one transmit time slot for data communication.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a baseband wireless network system which provides a time division multiple access frame definition which provides means for sharing the data communication medium between the node devices on the network.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a baseband wireless network system which provides baseband wireless data communication between the node devices of the network.
• Further objects and advantages of the invention will be brought out in the following portions of the specification, wherein the detailed description is for the purpose of fully disclosing the preferred embodiment of the invention without placing limitations thereon.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
• The present invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only.
• FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing a network system in accordance with the invention;
• FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a transceiver node device in accordance with the invention;
• FIG. 3ais a functional block diagram of a master clock synchronization unit;
• FIG. 3bis a functional block diagram of a slave clock synchronization unit;
• FIG. 4 is a time division multiple access frame definition in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the Medium Access Control hardware interface of the present invention; and
• FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a slot allocation unit provided in the Medium Access Control hardware.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Persons of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following description of the present invention is illustrative only and not in any way limiting. Other embodiments of the invention will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure.
• Referring more specifically to the drawings, for illustrative purposes the present invention is embodied in the apparatus shownFIG. 1 throughFIG. 6. It will be appreciated that the apparatus may vary as to configuration and as to details of the parts, and that the method may vary as to details and the order of the steps, without departing from the basic concepts as disclosed herein. The invention is disclosed generally in terms of a wireless network for isochronous data communication, although numerous other uses for the invention will suggest themselves to persons of ordinary skill in the art.
• Referring first toFIG. 1, there is shown generally awireless network system10 in accordance with the invention. Thenetwork system10 comprises a “master”transceiver device12 and one or more “slave”transceiver devices14athrough14n.The master device may also be referred to as a “base” transceiver, and slave devices may also be referred to as “mobile” transceivers.Master transceiver12 andslave transceivers14athrough14ninclude a transmitter or other means for transmitting data to the other transceivers of thenetwork10 via a correspondingantenna18,20athrough20n.Transceivers12,14athrough14nfurther include a receiver or other means for receiving data from the other transceivers via its correspondingantenna18,20athrough20n.While theillustrative network10 shows thetransceiver devices12,14athrough14nusing a corresponding single sharedantenna18,20athrough20nfor both transmission and reception, various arrangements known in the art may be used for providing the functions carried out by theantenna18,20athrough20n,including for example, providing each of thetransceiver devices12,14athrough14na first antenna for transmission and a second antenna for reception.
• As described further below, themaster transceiver12 carries out the operation of managing network communication between alltransceivers12,14athrough14nof thenetwork10. Themaster transceiver12 includes means for managing the data transmission between the transceiver nodes of thenetwork10 as described further below.
• Referring now toFIG. 2 as well asFIG. 1, a functional block diagram of the “Physical layer” implementation of atransceiver node device22 in accordance with the present invention is shown. The “Physical layer” as described herein refers to the Physical layer according to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model. This model is based on a proposal developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) to deal with connecting systems that are open for communication with other systems.
• Master transceiver12 andslave transceivers14athrough14nof thenetwork10 are structured and configured astransceiver device22 as described herein. Thetransceiver node device22 comprises an integrated circuit or like hardware device providing the functions described below.Transceiver device22 comprises anantenna24, atransmitter26 connected to theantenna24, adata modulation unit28 connected to thetransmitter26, and an interface to Data Link Layer (DLL)30 connected to thedata modulation unit28. Thetransceiver device22 also includes areceiver32 connected to theantenna24 and adata demodulation unit34 connected to thereceiver32 and to the interface to the interface to Data Link Layer (DLL)30. A receivegain control unit36ais connected to thereceiver32, a transmitgain control unit36bis connected to thetransmitter26. A framingcontrol unit38 is operatively coupled to thedata modulation unit28 and thedata de-modulation unit34. Aclock synchronization unit40 is also operatively coupled to thedata modulation unit28 and thedata demodulation unit34.
• Antenna24 comprises a radio-frequency (RF) transducer as is known in the art and is preferably structured and configured as a receiving antenna and/or a transmitting antenna. As a receiving antenna,antenna24 converts an electromagnetic (EM) field to an electric current, and as a transmitting antenna, converts an electric current to an EM field. In the preferred embodiment,antenna24 is structured and configured as a ground plane antenna having an edge with a notch or cutout portion operating at a broad spectrum frequency ranging from about 2.5 gigahertz (GHz) to about 5 GHz with the center frequency at about 3.75 GHz. It will be appreciated thatantenna24 may be provided with various geometric structures in order to accommodate various frequency spectrum ranges.
• Transceiver node device22 includes hardware or circuitry which provides an interface todata link layer30. The interface todata link layer30 provides an interface or communication exchange layer between thePhysical layer22 and the “higher” layers according to the OSI reference model. The layer immediately “above” the Physical layer is the data link layer. Output information which is transmitted from the data link layer to theinterface30 is communicated to thedata modulation unit28 for further data processing. Conversely, input data from the data-demodulation unit34 is communicated to theinterface30, which then transfers the data to the data link layer.
• Transceiver node device22 includes hardware or circuitry providing data modulation functions shown generally asdata modulation unit28. Thedata modulation unit28 carries out the operation of converting data received from theinterface30 into an output stream of pulses. In the case of pulse amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the pulse represents a value for that symbol. The number of bits represented by a pulse depends on the dynamic range and the signal to noise ratio. The simplest case comprises on-off keying, where the presence of a pulse of any amplitude represents a “1”, and the absence of a pulse represents “0”. In this case,data modulation unit28 causes a pulse to be transmitted at the appropriate bit time to represent a “1” or no pulse to be transmitted at the appropriate time to represents a “0”. As described further below, the pulse stream produced bytransceiver22 must be synchronous with a master clock of thenetwork10 and must be sent at the appropriate time slot according to a frame definition defined for the network. The pulse stream is then communicated totransmitter26 for transmission viaantenna24.
• Transceiver node device22 includes hardware or circuitry providing means for transmitting data to other transceivers on the network shown generally astransmitter26. The transmitting means oftransceiver22 preferably comprises awide band transmitter26.Transmitter26 is operatively coupled to thedata modulation unit28 and to theantenna24.Transmitter26 carries out the operation of transmitting the pulse stream received frommodulation unit28 and transmitting the pulse stream as electromagnetic pulses viaantenna24. In the preferred embodiment, information is transmitted via impulses having 100 picosecond (ps) risetime and 200 ps width, which corresponds to the 2.5 through 5 GHz bandwidth.
• Transceiver node device22 includes hardware or circuitry which provides means for receiving data from other transceivers shown generally asreceiver32. The receiving means oftransmitter22 preferably comprises awide band receiver32.Receiver32 is operatively coupled to theantenna24 and thedata demodulation unit34.Receiver32 carries out the operation of detecting electromagnetic pulse signals fromantenna24 and communicating the pulse stream to thedata de-modulation unit34. The received signal does not necessarily have the same spectrum content as the transmitted signal, and the spectrum content for received and transmitted signals vary according to the receive and transmit antenna impulse response. Typically, the received signal is shifted toward a lower frequency than the transmitted signal.
• Transceiver node device22 further includes hardware or circuitry providing means for controlling the gain of signals received and transmitted shown generally asgain control units36a,36b.The transmitgain control unit36bcarries out the operation of controlling the power output of thetransmitter26 and receivegain control unit36acarries out the operation of controlling the input gain of thereceiver32.
• As indicated above, the pulse stream produced bymodulator28 must be synchronous with the master clock of thenetwork10. In order to maintain a synchronized network, one device must serve the function of being a clock master and maintain the master clock for the network. Preferably, themaster device12 carries out the operation of the clock master. All other slave devices must synchronize with the master clock. The invention includes means for synchronizing thenetwork system10 provided by theclock synchronization unit40 intransceiver22.
• Referring toFIG. 3aas well asFIG. 1 andFIG. 2, a functional block diagram of aclock synchronization unit40afor themaster device12 is shown. In themaster device12, theclock synchronization unit40aincludes hardware or circuitry providing the functions described herein.Clock synchronization unit40acomprises aclock master function42 which maintains amaster clock44 for thenetwork10. Themaster clock44 runs at a multiple of the bit rate. As described in further detail below, transmit time is divided into “frames”, and transceiver devices are assigned specific “slots” within each frame where the devices are permitted to transmit data. At least once per frame, theclock master function42 issues a master sync code. The master sync code is a unique bit pattern that does not appear anywhere else in the frame which identifies the sender as themaster device12.
• Referring toFIG. 3bas well asFIG. 1 andFIG. 2, a functional block diagram of aclock synchronization unit40bfor theslave devices14athrough14nis shown. In theslave devices14athrough14n,theclock synchronization unit40bincludes hardware or circuitry providing the functions described herein.Clock synchronization unit40bcomprises a local orslave clock46 and aclock recovery function48. Theslave clock46 also runs at a multiple of the bit rate.
• Theclock recovery function48 carries out the operation of scanning the incoming data stream received byreceiver32 to detect or otherwise ascertain the master sync code using one or more correlators. When theclock recovery function48 detects the master sync code, theclock recovery function48 will predict when the next master sync code will be transmitted. If the new master sync code is detected where predicted, thetransceiver22 will be considered “locked” or otherwise synchronized with theclock master42 and will continue to monitor and verify future incoming master sync codes. If theclock recovery function48 fails to detect a threshold number of consecutive master sync codes, lock will be considered lost. As each master sync code is received by the transceiver, a phase or delayed locked loop mechanism is used to adjust the phase of theslave clock46 to that of the incoming pulse stream.
• Theclock recovery function48 includes a mastersync code correlator50. A slave transceiver trying to achieve synchronization or “lock” with the master clock examines the incoming data stream to detect the master sync code, as described above. The mastersync code correlator50 carries out the operation of detecting the first incoming pulse and attempting to match each of the next arriving pulses to the next predicted or pre-computed pulse. After the initial master sync code is detected, theclock recovery function48 of the slave transceiver device will perform a coarse phase adjustment of its bit-clock to be close to that of the incoming pulse stream. When the next master sync code is expected, a mask signal is used to examine the incoming pulse train stream only where valid pulses of the incoming master sync code are expected. The primary edge of the incoming pulse is compared with the rising edge of the local clock, and any difference in phase is adjusted using a phase-locked loop mechanism. If the incoming pulse stream matches the master sync code searched for, thecorrelator50 signals a successful match. If the incoming pulse stream differs from the master sync code, the process is repeated. Multiple correlators may be used to perform staggered parallel searches in order to speed up the detection of the master sync code.
• Theclock recovery function48 further includes aphase lock mechanism52. As each predicted master sync code is detected at the slave transceivers, thephase lock mechanism52 carries out the operation of determining the phase difference between thelocal slave clock46 and the incoming pulses. Thephase lock mechanism52 adjusts the phase of theslave clock46 so that the frequency and phase of theslave clock46 is the same as that of the incoming pulses, thereby locking or synchronizing thelocal slave clock46 tomaster clock44 of themaster transceiver12.
• Referring again toFIG. 2, as well asFIG. 1, thetransceiver node device22 includes hardware or circuitry which provides demodulating functions and is shown generally asdata demodulation unit34. Thedata demodulation unit34 carries out the operation of converting the input pulse stream fromreceiver32 into a data stream for higher protocol layers. Thedata de-modulation unit34 comprises a phase offsetdetector54 and adata recovery unit56. In an isochronous baseband wireless network, data streams will be received from different transceivers with different phase offsets. The phase offset is due to path propagation delays between the transmitter, the receiver and themaster clock44.
• As described in further detail below, a transmitter will be assigned a data “slot” within a frame to transmit to another device. The phase offsetdetector54 carries out the operation of ascertaining the phase delay between the expected zero-delay pulse location, and the actual position of the incoming pulses. Typically, a known training bit pattern is transmitted before the data is transmitted. The phase offsetdetector54 in the receiving device detects or otherwise ascertains the training bit pattern and determines the phase offset of the incoming pulse from the internal clock. The phase determined is then communicated to theData Recovery Unit56. In the case of pulse amplitude modulation, the training sequence is also used to provide a known pulse amplitude sequence against which the modulated pulse amplitudes can be compared in the data transmission.
• TheData Recovery Unit56 in a receiving device carries out the operation of converting the incoming pulse stream data into bit data during time slots that a transmitting device is sending data to the receiving device. In the case of on-off keying modulation, thedata recovery unit56 carries out the operation of examining the pulse stream during the designated time slot or “window” for the presence or absence of a pulse. In pulse amplitude modulation, thedata recovery unit56 carries out the operation of examining the pulse stream during the designated time slot or “window” to ascertain the amplitude of the pulse signal. The “window” or time slot in which the receiving device examines pulse stream data determined by the expected location of the bit due to the encoding mechanism and the offset determined by the phase offsetdetector54. The information converted by thedata de-modulation unit34 is then communicated to the interface todata link layer30 for further processing.
• Referring now toFIG. 4 as well asFIG. 1 andFIG. 2, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) frame definition is shown and generally designated as58. TheTDMA frame definition58 is provided and defined by the data link protocol software of the present invention. More particularly, theTDMA frame58 is defined by the Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer software residing within the Data Link Layer according the OSI Reference model.
• The means for managing the data transmission between the transceiver nodes of thenetwork10 is provided by software algorithms running and executing in the Medium Access Control. The Medium Access Control protocol provides algorithms, routines and other program means for managing and controlling access to theTDMA frame definition58 and its associated slot components. The architecture ofTDMA frame definition58 provides for isochronous data communication between thetransceivers12,14athrough14nof thenetwork10 by providing a means for sharing the data transmit time that permits each transceiver of the network to transmit data during a specific time chunk or slot. The TDMA frame architecture divides data transmission time into discrete data “frames”. Frames are further subdivided into “slots”.
• In the preferred embodiment, theTDMA frame definition58 comprises amaster slot60, acommand slot62, and a plurality ofdata slots64athrough64n.Themaster slot60 contains a synchronizing beacon or “master sync”. More preferably, the “master sync” is the same code as the “master sync code” as described earlier forclock synchronization unit40. Thecommand slot62 contains protocol messages exchanged between the transceiver devices of the network. Generally, each of thedata slots64athrough64nprovides data transmission time for acorresponding slave device14athrough14nof thenetwork10. Preferably, each data slot assigned is structured and configured to have a variable bit width and is dynamically assigned by the master device. In an alternative arrangement, theslave devices14athrough14nrequest the use of one or more of thedata slots64athrough64nfor data transmission. In either arrangement, the master may also be assigned one or more slots to transmit data to slave devices. If random access devices are connected to the network, these devices may be assigned a common random access time slot by the master. These devices will communicate using a CSMA-CD or similar protocol within the allocated time slot.
• As noted above, thetransceiver device22 includes a framingcontrol function38. The framingcontrol function38 carries out the operation of generating and maintaining the time frame information. In themaster device12 the framingcontrol function38 delineates each new frame by Start-Of-Frame (SOF) symbols. The SOF symbols are unique symbols, which do not appear anywhere else within the frame and mark the start of each frame. In the preferred embodiment, the SOF symbols serve as the “master sync” and as the “master sync code” for the network and are transmitted in themaster slot60 offrame58. These SOF symbols are used by the framingcontrol function38 in each of theslave devices14athrough14non the network to ascertain the beginning of eachframe58 from the incoming data stream. For example, in one illustrative embodiment, the invention utilizes a 10-bit SOF “master sync” code of “0111111110”.
• Various encoding schemes known in the art may be used to guarantee that the SOF code will not appear anywhere else in the data sequence of the frame. For example, a common encoding scheme is 4B/5B encoding, where a 4-bit values is encoded as a 5-bit value. Several criteria or “rules” specified in a 4B/5B code table, such as “each encoded 5-bit value may contain no more than three ones or three zeros” and “each encoded 5-bit value may not end with three ones or three zeros”, ensure that a pulse stream will not have a string of six or more ones or zeros. Other techniques known in the art may also be used including, for example, bit stuffing or zero stuffing.
• Themaster transceiver12 carries out the operation of managing network data communication via the exchange of “protocol messages” in thecommand slot62 offrame58. Themaster transceiver12 carries out the operation of authenticatingslave transceivers14athrough14n,assigning and withdrawingdata time slots64athrough64nfor theslave transceivers14athrough14n,and controlling power of theslave transceivers14athrough14n.
• Master transceiver12 authenticates or registers each slave transceiver by ascertaining the “state” of each of the slave transceivers of thenetwork10. Each transceiver operates as a finite-state machine having at least three states: offline, online, and engaged. When a transceiver is in the offline state, the transceiver is considered “unregistered” and is not available for communication with the other devices on thenetwork10. Each slave transceiver must first be “registered” withmaster transceiver12 before the slave transceiver is assigned or allocated a data slot within the TDM Aframe58. Once a transceiver is registered with themaster transceiver12, the device is considered “online”.
• A slave transceiver that is in the “online” state is ready to send data or ready to receive data from the other devices on thenetwork10. Additionally, an “online” transceiver is one which is not currently transmitting or receiving “non-protocol” data. Non-protocol data is data other than that used for authenticating the “state” of the transceiver devices.
• A transceiver is “engaged” when the transceiver is currently transmitting and/or receiving “non-protocol” data. Each slave device maintains and tracks its state by storing its state information internally, usually in random access memory (RAM). The state of each slave device is further maintained and tracked by themaster device12 by storing the states of the slaves in a master table (not shown) stored in RAM.
• In operation, themaster transceiver12 periodically broadcasts an ALOHA packet in thecommand slot62 to ascertain or otherwise detect “unregistered” slave devices and to receive command requests from the slave transceivers of then network. More generally, an ALOHA broadcast is an invitation to slave transceivers to send their pending protocol messages. This arrangement is known as “slotted ALOHA” because all protocol messages including the ALOHA broadcast are sent during a predetermined time slot. In the preferred embodiment, the ALOHA broadcast is transmitted at a predetermined interval. Responsive to this ALOHA packet and in the next immediate TDMA frame, an “unregistered”slave device14ntransmits a signal incommand slot62 identifying itself asslave device14nand acknowledging the master device with a registration or “discovery” (DISC) request indicating additional information, such as the bandwidth capabilities of the device. When the registration request is received by themaster transceiver12, the master table records in the master table thatdevice14nis “online”. Themaster transceiver12 also transmits a confirmation incommand slot62 to theslave device14nthat the state ofslave device14nhas changed to “online”.
• When theslave device14nreceives the confirmation command from themaster device12, theslave device14nthen changes its internal state to “online”. If more than one slave transceiver replies with an acknowledgement to an ALOHA broadcast in the same frame, a packet collision may occur because both transceivers are attempting to occupy thesame command slot62 within theframe58. When a collision is detected in response to an ALOHA broadcast, themaster transceiver12 transmits another ALOHA message directed to a subset of the slave devices based on a binary-search style scheme, a random delay scheme or other similar searching means known in the art.
• Themaster transceiver12 also periodically verifies each slave transceiver device that is “online” or “engaged” according the master table to ascertain whether any failures have occurred at the slave device using a “time-out” based scheme. According to this time-out scheme, themaster transceiver12 periodically transmits a POLL packet incommand slot62 to a specific “online”slave device14nfrom the master table to ascertain the state of theslave device14n.In the preferred embodiment, themaster transceiver12 transmits a POLL signal every ten seconds. Responsive this POLL packet,slave device14ntransmits an acknowledgement signal in thecommand slot62 of the next immediate frame identifying itself asslave device14nand acknowledging its state. Responsive to this acknowledgement signal, themaster transceiver12 confirms verification ofdevice14nand continues with other tasks. In theevent slave device14nis shutdown or otherwise unavailable,master transceiver12 will not receive a return acknowledgement andmaster transceiver12 will fail to verifydevice14n.After a predetermined number failed verifications from a slave device, a time-out is triggered, and themaster transceiver12 will change the state of such slave device to “offline”.
• In thecommand slot62, the flow of protocol messages between the transceivers is preferably governed by a “sequence retransmission request” (SRQ) protocol scheme. The SRQ protocol framework provides confirmation of a protocol transaction after the entire protocol sequence is completed. Effectiveness and success of the transmission of a protocol sequence are acknowledged at the completion of the entire protocol sequence rather than immediately after the transmission of each message as in the traditional Automatic Retransmission request (ARQ) approach. Because a protocol sequence may include a plurality of protocol messages, the overhead associated with acknowledging each protocol message is avoided, and bandwidth use is improved thereby. The ARQ protocol scheme is described further detail in issued U.S. Pat. No. 6,597,683, entitled “MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL PROTOCOL FOR CENTRALIZED WIRELESS NETWORK COMMUNICATION MANAGEMENT,” filed on Sep. 10, 1999 which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
• Referring again toFIG. 3 as well asFIG. 1 andFIG. 2, a plurality ofdata slots64athrough64nis provided for eachslave transceiver14athrough14nof thenetwork10 which is registered as “online”. Themaster transceiver12 further manages the transmission of information inslots64athrough64nthrough traditional Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Thecommand slot62 operates in traditional TDMA mode in addition to the “slotted ALOHA” mode described above for inviting protocol messages from the slave transceivers as determined by themaster transceiver12. The slotted ALOHA mode, which is active when the master invites a protocol message, continues until the slave protocol message is received without collision. Once the slave protocol messages is received or “captured” by the master transceiver, the command slot operates in a regular TDMA mode until the entire protocol exchange sequence between the master device and the “captured” slave device is completed. Traditional TDMA mode is used, for example, when a first slave transceiver makes a data link request to the master transceiver in order to communicate data to a second slave transceiver.
• For example, afirst slave transceiver14a(microphone) has audio data to transmit to asecond slave transceiver14b(speaker). Themaster transceiver12 manages this data transaction in the manner and sequence described herein. As indicated above, the master transceiver periodically sends an ALOHA broadcast to invite protocol messages from the slave devices of the network. Responsive to this ALOHA broadcast,slave transceiver14atransmits a data-link request (REQ) tomaster transceiver12 identifying itself as the originating transceiver and identifying thetarget slave transceiver14b.Responsive to this REQ request, themaster transceiver12 verifies the states of originating orsource transceiver14aandtarget transceiver14aaccording to the master table. If both originating transceiver and target transceiver are “online” according to the master table, the master transceiver transmits a base acknowledge (BACK) to the originatingtransceiver14aand a service request (SREQ) to the target transceiver indicating the identity of the originatingtransceiver14aand assigns a data slot to the originatingtransceiver14awithin theTDMA frame58 for data communication. If target transceiver is “offline”, themaster transceiver12 transmits a base negative acknowledge (BNACK) packet to the originating transceiver to confirm the unavailability of the target transceiver. If the target transceiver is “engaged” in communication with another device, themaster transceiver12 transmits a base busy (BBUSY) packet to the originating transceiver to indicate the unavailability of the target transceiver.
• When the originatingtransceiver14areceives the BACK packet, thetransceiver14awaits for a data-link confirmation from themaster transceiver1, after which thetransceiver14abegins transmitting data within a dynamically assigned data slot. Responsive to the SREQ packet from themaster transceiver12, thetarget transceiver14btransmits a return acknowledge (ACK) to themaster transceiver12 indicating thattransceiver14bis ready to receive data. Thetransceiver14balso begins to monitor the corresponding data slot assigned to the originatingtransceiver14a.Responsive to the return ACK fromtarget transceiver14b,themaster transceiver12 transmits a data-link confirmation to originatingtransceiver14ato indicate that target transceiver is ready to receive data communication.
• After originatingtransceiver14acompletes its data transmission to thetarget transceiver14b,thetransceiver14aterminates its data link by initiating a termination sequence. As indicated above, themaster transceiver12 will periodically transmit an ALOHA broadcast to find unregistered device nodes or to invite protocol requests from registered device nodes.
• The termination sequence comprises communicating a terminate (TERM) process by the originatingtransceiver14ato themaster transceiver12 in response to an ALOHA message from themaster transceiver12. In transmitting the TERM message, the originating transceiver may also identify the originatingdevice14aand thetarget device14b.Responsive to this TERM message, themaster transceiver12 carries out the operation of checking the states of the originatingtransceiver14aand thetarget transceiver14b,and transmitting totransceiver14ba Service Termination (STERM) command.
• The master transceiver verifies the state of the originating device and the target device to confirm that both devices are currently engaged for communication. If both devices are engaged, themaster transceiver12 transmits a reply BACK message to the originating transceiver to acknowledge its termination request and to indicate that the status of originating device has been changed to “online” in the master table. Additionally, master transceiver transmits a STERM message to targettransceiver14bto indicate that originatingtransceiver14ais terminating data communication withtarget transceiver14b.
• Responsive to the STERM message, thetarget transceiver14bcarries out the operation of checking its internal state, terminating the reception of data, and replying with an acknowledgement (ACK). Thetarget transceiver14bfirst checks its internal state to ensure that it is engaged in communication with originatingtransceiver14a.Iftarget transceiver14bis engaged with a different transceiver, it replies with a NACK message to themaster transceiver12 to indicatetarget transceiver14bis not currently engaged with originatingtransceiver14a.Iftarget transceiver14bis engaged withtransceiver14a,then targettransceiver14bstops receiving data fromtransceiver14aand sets its internal state to “online”.Target transceiver14bthen transmits tomaster transceiver12 an ACK message to indicate that it has terminated communication withtransceiver14aand that it has changed it state to “online”.
• When themaster transceiver12 receives the ACK message from thetarget transceiver14b,it changes the state oftarget transceiver14bin the master table to “online” and replies to targettransceiver14bwith a confirmation of the state change. Themaster transceiver12 also considers the data slot which was assigned to originatingtransceiver14aas released from use and available for reallocation. When a NACK message is received bymaster transceiver12 fromtarget transceiver14b,a severe error is recognized bymaster transceiver12 because this state was not previously registered with the master table. The master transceiver then attempts a STERM sequence with the remaining related slave devices until the proper target transceiver is discovered or otherwise ascertained.
• When a user of a slave device terminates or interrupts power to the slave or otherwise makes the slave unavailable for communication, the device preferably initiates a shutdown sequence prior to such termination. The shutdown sequence comprises a shutdown (SHUT) message from theslave device14nto themaster transceiver12, in response to an ALOHA broadcast from themaster12. Responsive to the SHUT message, themaster12 replies to theslave device14nwith a BACK message indicating that state ofslave device14nhas been changed to “offline” in the master table. Responsive to the BACK message, theslave device14nchanges its internal state to “offline” and shuts down.
• Referring now toFIG. 5, a functional block diagram of the Medium Access Control hardware interface of the present invention is shown and generally designated asMAC66. In general, theMAC66 is provided at the Data Link Layer between the Network Layer and the Physical Layer of the OSI reference model. More particularly, theMAC66 provides the hardware circuitry within Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer of the Data Link Layer according the OSI reference model. The Medium Access Control protocol provided by the present invention provides the software for controlling the processes of the various components of theMAC66 as described below.
• TheMAC66 comprises an integrated circuit or like hardware device providing the functions described herein. TheMAC66 provides means associated with each transceiver for connecting multiple data links received from the Logical Link Layer to a single physical TDMA link. TheMAC66 comprises acommunication interface68 for providing communication with the MediumAccess Control Protocol69, aPhysical Layer interface70 for communication with the Physical layer, a plurality of slot allocation units (SAU)72athrough72neach operatively coupled to thecommunication interface68, a Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (Mux/Demux)unit74 operatively coupled to thePhysical Layer interface70 and each of theSAU72athrough72n,and a Logical Link Control (LLC)interface73 connected to each of theSAU72athrough72n.A plurality of data interfaces76athrough76nare also provided for transmitting data to and receiving data from theLLC interface73. Each data interface76athrough76nis connected to acorresponding SAU72athrough72n.
• Data streams in the present invention will flow in both directions. For example, output data will be transmitted from higher level protocols through theDLL hardware66 and out to the Physical Layer viainterface70. Input data is received from the Physical Layer throughinterface70 into theMAC66 and then communicated to the higher level protocols. Within theMAC66 the data path comprises the data interfaces76athrough76nconnected to theSAU72athrough2n,theSAU72athrough72nconnected to the Mux/Demux74, and the Mux/Demux74 connected to thePhysical Layer interface70. The direction of data flow within eachSAU72athrough72nis controlled by the MediumAccess Control protocol69 viacommunication interface68. Thecommunication interface68 is preferably separated from the data path throughMAC66. This arrangement provides simple data sources, such as audio streaming devices, a direct connection to theMAC66.
• The Mux/Demux74 carries out the operation of merging outgoing data streams from theSAU72athrough72ninto a single signal transmitted by the Physical Layer. In the preferred embodiment, a TDMA scheme is used for data transmission. Under the TDMA multiple access definition scheme, only one device may be transmitting at any given time. In this case, the Mux/Demux74 is connected to the outputs of each SAU. The output of the Mux/Demux74 is then operatively coupled to thePhysical Layer interface70. The Mux/Demux74 also carries out the operation of distributing incoming network data received from the Physical Layer viainterface70 into theSAU72athrough72n.Generally, the currently active SAU will receive this incoming data.
• Referring now toFIG. 6 as well asFIG. 5, a block diagram of an SAU unit is shown and designated as72. EachSAU unit72athrough72nare structured and configured asSAU72.SAU72 comprises anoutput buffer unit78, aninput buffer unit80, acontrol logic unit82 connected to theoutput buffer unit78 and theinput buffer unit80, and control status registers84 connected to thecontrol logic unit82. Theoutput buffer unit78 stores data to be transmitted from a first device to another device in a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) buffer (not shown), encodes the buffer's output using a 4B/5B or similar encoding scheme and provides the resulting bit stream to the Mux/Demux unit74 vialine86a.The data to be transmitted is provided through theinterface73 vialine85a.Theinput buffer unit80 receives data from the Physical layer through the Mux/Demux unit74 vialine86b,decodes it according the same 4B/5B or similar encoding scheme, and stores the data in a FIFO buffer (not shown) which is connected to the data path interface73 vialine85b.Lines85aand85bare operatively coupled to data interfaces76athrough76nfor communication withinterface73.Lines86aand86bare operatively coupled for communication with Mux/Demux unit74.
• Thecontrol logic unit82 comprises a state machine that controls the operation of theoutput buffer unit78 andinput buffer unit80 as well as the communication between the MAC and the Logical Link Layer (LLC), and the MAC and the Physical Layer. The values of the control registers84 are set by the LLC above the MAC layer vialine88 and control the operation of the SAU.
• The control registers84 comprise a SAU enableregister90, a data transfer direction register92, a slotstart time register94, and aslot length register96. The SAU enableregister90 determines whether theSAU72 should transmit or receive data. The data transfer direction register92 determines whether theSAU72 is set up to transmit to the Physical Layer or to receive from the Physical Layer. The slot starttime register94 provides theSAU72 with the time offset of the slot measured from the start of the frame, during which theSAU72 transmits data to the Physical Layer.
• Theslot length register96 determines the length of the slot. The status registers84 provide the LLC with information about the current state of the SAU. The status registers comprise an input buffer unit empty flag, an input buffer unit full flag, an output buffer unit empty flag, an output buffer unit full flag, and an input decoder error counter. The buffer unit empty flag indicate whether the respective buffer units are empty (i.e., contain no data). The buffer unit full flag indicate whether the respective buffer units are full (i.e., cannot store additional data). The input decoder error counter indicates the number of error detected during the decoding of data arriving from the Physical Layer.
• TheSAU72 transmits or receives data autonomously after being set up by the LLC. The setup consists of writing appropriate values into the data transfer direction register92, the slotstart time register94, and theslot length register96 and then enabling theSAU72 by asserting the SAU enableregister90. The slot start time and slot length values provided inregisters94,96 respectively are designated to the communicating device by thenetwork master12. These values are determined by themaster12 in such a way that no two transmitters in the network transmit at the same time, a requirement of the TDMA communication scheme. During transmission, theSAU72 will monitor the current time offset within the frame and compare it with the slot start time. When the two values are equal, theSAU72 will provide the Physical Layer with encoded data bits from theoutput buffer78 until the frame has reached the end of the time slot allocated to theSAU72 as determined by theslot length register96. If the output FIFO buffer is empty during the allocated time slot, theSAU72 will transmit special bit codes indicating to the receiver that there is no data being transmitted.
• Likewise, theSAU72 will monitor the current time offset within the frame during data reception and compare it to the slotstart time register94. When the two values are equal, theSAU72 will acquire data from the Physical Layer through the Mux/Demux Unit74, decode it and store the decoded data in the input FIFO buffer. If the decoder detects a transmission error, such as a bit code sequence not found in the 4B/5B encoding table, the data stored in the input FIFO buffer is marked as invalid and the input decoder error counter is incremented. If the decoder detects special bit codes indicating empty data, the latter are ignored and will not be stored in the input FIFO buffer.
• Accordingly, it will be seen that this invention provides a wireless communication network system for isochronous data transfer between node devices of the network, which provides a master node device having means for managing the data transmission between the other node devices of the network system, which further provides means for framing data transmission and means for synchronizing the network communication protocol, thus providing a means for sharing the transport medium between the node devices of the network so that each node device has a designated transmit time slot for communicating data. Although the description above contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing an illustration of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention. Thus the scope of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents.

Claims (29)

1. A communication network including an industry standard transceiver, the improvement comprising an ultra wide band transceiver communicating with the industry standard transceiver, with both transceivers communicating using at least one Time Division Multiple Access frame.

2. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the industry standard transceiver is selected from a group consisting of: a Bluetooth standard transceiver, an IEEE 1394 standard transceiver, a Universal Serial Bus standard transceiver, an IEEE 802.3 standard transceiver, a Hyperlan standard transceiver, a Home RF standard transceiver, and an ATM standard network transceiver.

3. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the industry standard transceiver is capable of communicating at a first bit rate and the ultra wide band transceiver is capable of communicating at a second bit rate.

4. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one Time Division Multiple Access frame comprises a start of frame slot and a plurality of data slots.

5. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between transceivers occurs isochronously.

6. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between transceivers occurs asynchronously.

7. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one Time Division Multiple Access frame comprises a contention-based time slot.

8. The network ofclaim 7, wherein the contention-based time clot is selected from a group consisting of: an ALOHA time slot, a slotted ALOHA time slot, and a carrier sensed time slot.

9. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the ultra wide band transceiver comprises a transmit power control function.

10. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the ultra wide band transceiver is capable of transmitting and receiving using at least two different bit rates.

11. The network ofclaim 1, wherein the ultra wide band transceiver comprises a Medium Access Controller.

12. A communication network including at least two industry standard transceivers, the improvement comprising an ultra wide band transceiver communicating with the at least two industry standard transceivers, with all of the transceivers communicating using at least one Time Division Multiple Access frame.

13. The network ofclaim 12, wherein the industry standard transceiver is selected from a group consisting of: a Bluetooth transceiver, an IEEE 1394 standard transceiver, a Universal Serial Bus transceiver, an EEE 802.3 standard transceiver, a Hyperlan standard transceiver, a Home RF standard transceiver, and an ATM standard transceiver.

14. The network ofclaim 12, wherein one transceiver is a master device and the remaining two transceivers are slave devices, with the master device configured to manage communication between all of the devices.

15. The network ofclaim 12, wherein the at least one Time Division Multiple Access frame comprises a start of frame slot and a plurality of data slots.

16. The network ofclaim 12, wherein the communication between transceivers occurs either isochronously or asynchronously.

17. The network ofclaim 12, wherein the at least one Time Division Multiple Access frame comprises a contention-based time slot.

18. The network ofclaim 17, wherein the contention-based time clot is selected from a group consisting of: an ALOHA time slot, a slotted ALOHA time slot, and a carrier sensed time slot.

19. The network ofclaim 12, wherein the ultra wide band transceiver comprises a transmit power control function.

20. The network ofclaim 12, wherein the ultra wide band transceiver is capable of transmitting and receiving using at least two different bit rates.

21. The network ofclaim 12, wherein the ultra wide band transceiver comprises a Medium Access Controller.

22. A communication network including an industry standard transceiver, the improvement comprising an ultra wide band transceiver, wherein one transceiver is structured and configured to manage data transmission between all of the transceivers, with each of the transceivers having a Medium Access Control Unit including a Physical layer interface, a slot allocation unit, and an interface to at least one higher level protocol.

23. The communication network ofclaim 22, wherein the at least one higher level protocol is selected from a protocol in an Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model.

24. An ultra wide band communication method, the method comprising the steps of:

generating a first data frame, constructed to transmt data at a first data rate;

generating a second data frame, constructed to transmit data at a second data rate; and

transmitting both the first and second data frames.

25. The method ofclaim 24, wherein the first and the second data frames comprise a plurality of time bins, with each time bin capable of receiving an ultra wide band signal.

26. An ultra wide band communication system, comprising:

a first ultra wide band device having a first data bandwidth requirement, and configured to transmit and receive data at different data rates;

a second ultra wide band device having a second data bandwidth requirement, and configured to transmit and receive data at different data rates and configured to communicate with the first ultra wide band device; and

a master transceiver configured to manage data communications between the first ultra wide band device and the second ultra wide band device.

27. The ultra wide band communication system ofclaim 26 wherein the master transceiver is selected from a group consisting of: an ultra wide band transceiver, a Bluetooth transceiver; and a transceiver compliant with an IEEE 802.11 standard.

28. An ultra wide band communication system comprising:

a first ultra wide band slave transceiver configured to transmit a plurality of Time Division Multiple Access frames at different data rates;

a second ultra wide band slave transceiver configured to transmit a plurality of Time Division Multiple Access frames at data rates different than the first slave transceiver; and

a master transceiver configured to manage communication between the first ultra wide band slave transceiver and the second ultra wide band slave transceiver.

29. The ultra wide band communication system ofclaim 28, wherein the master transceiver is selected from a group consisting of: an ultra wide band transceiver, a Bluetooth transceiver; and an IEEE 802.11 standard transceiver.

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