US20050261720A1 - Surgical access device - Google Patents

Abstract

Surgical device (1) is used fir in minimally invasive surgery using an inflated body cavity (2) accessible to a surgeon through an access port defined by a sleeve (4) passing through an incision in a patient's abdominal wall (3). The device is held in position by a distal ring (5) and a proximal ring (6). The device (1) is sealed by cuff valve (8), self sealing valve (18), spring valve (28) or snap open/snap shut valve (38).

Description

• This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/936,841, filed Mar. 1, 2002, which is a national stage of application No. PCT/IE00/00033, filed Mar. 20, 2000.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention
• The present invention relates to a surgical device for use in minimally invasive surgery of the type using patient pneumoperitoneum and an access port.
• 2. Description of the Related Art
• Minimally invasive surgery of this type is carried out having introduced gas into a patient's body cavity through an incision and sealed the incision with an access port. The access port enables laproscopic and hand or instrument assisted surgery to be performed.
• A sleeve forming such a port is shown in WO-A-95/07056 entitled “Apparatus for use in surgery”. The access port sleeve shown is used to create a controlled pressurized environment within the sleeve while allowing a surgeon's arm to pass through the sleeve. During surgery, gas is pumped into the patient's body cavity where the surgery is to be performed and the sleeve prevents gas escaping while allowing the surgeon to operate using minimally invasive surgery techniques. The application shows a sleeve having a flange at a distal end provided with adhesive for adhering the device to a patient's body or alternatively a mounting ring to surround the incision in a patient's body. While providing a suitable apparatus for performing such surgery the device described suffers from the principle disadvantage that in use, the sleeve protrudes upwardly from the patient and may interfere with the activities of the surgery team. Additionally, the sleeve must be sealed against the surgeon's upper forearm by clamping the device to the arm sufficiently tightly to avoid gas leak around the area of the seal. This presents the surgeon with a problem both in sealing the sleeve and in subsequent mobility.
• A further problem associated with the use of sleeves of the kind described is that a phenomenon known as “tenting” may occur. “Tenting” means that when the sleeve is adhered to the patient's skin or to a surgical drape and gas is induced into the patient's abdominal cavity, there is a tendency for the sleeve to fill with gas and to pull away from the patient.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,133 discloses an endoscopic surgical apparatus for enabling a surgeon to access directly the surgical site during an endoscopic procedure. This apparatus includes an opening extending longitudinally through the apparatus and prior art is configured and dimensioned to receive a hand therethrough. A first plate engages against the outer surface of the abdominal wall. A second plate is spaced from the first plate and is movable between a first position and a second position wherein the second plate is in close cooperative alignment with the inner surface of the abdominal wall. An adjustment member is mounted to the second plate and actuates movement of the second plate between its first position and its second position. A first sealing member inhibits the flow of gas through said opening and is formed by a pair of overlapping seals. A flexible sleeve extends between the first and second plates and adjusts in length to accommodate various thicknesses of the abdominal wall. The sleeve also creates an access port for the passage of objects through the abdominal wall.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• A surgical device for use in minimally invasive surgery of the type using an inflated body cavity accessible to a surgeon through an access port, defined by the device, surrounding an incision in a patient's body, the device having: body cavity engagement means for insertion into the incision to locate the device in position; fixing means for attaching the device to a patients skin, the fixing means including a proximal ring; a sleeve connectable between the body cavity engagement means and the fixing means wherein the sleeve is adjustable by the positioning of the proximal ring so that the positioning of the proximal ring retracts the sleeve to define an access port and create a seal between the incision and sleeve; and sealing means, at least one of mounted on the sleeve and operating on the sleeve, to prevent substantial leakage of gas from the body cavity on inflation when in an inoperative position and formed to mould about a substantial portion of a surgeon's hand or surgical instrument on insertion in an operating position. Preferably, the body cavity engagement means is provided by a distal ring formed for insertion into the incision.
• In one arrangement, the distal ring has an associated self-sealing valve. The fixing means (proximal ring) incorporates adjustment means for modifying the length of the sleeve. This ensures that the fixing means, distal ring and valves are brought into close contact with the abdominal wall ensuring a good seal is maintained and that the device is firmly mounted in position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a front view of a surgical device in accordance with the invention;
• FIG. 2 is a section view in the direction of the arrows A-A of the surgical device ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a view of the self sealing valve forming part of a surgical device in accordance with the invention in an inoperative position;
• FIG. 4 is a view of portion of the valve shown inFIG. 3 in an operating position;
• FIG. 5 is a view of a another alternative self sealing valve forming part of a surgical device in accordance with the invention in an inoperative position;
• FIG. 6 is a view of portion of the valve shown inFIG. 5 in an operating position; and
• FIG. 7 is a front view of another embodiment of the surgical device of the present invention with an external proximal valve instead of an internal distal valve.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• Referring to the drawings, and initially toFIGS. 1-2 there is illustrated a surgical device according to the invention, indicated generally by thereference numeral1. Thesurgical device1 is formed for use in minimally invasive surgery of the type using an inflated body cavity indicated generally by thereference numeral2. Thecavity2 is accessible to a surgeon through an access port, defined by asleeve4, passing through an incision in a patient'sabdominal wall3.
• In more detail, thedevice1 has a body cavity engagement means provided by adistal ring5 for insertion into the incision to locate thedevice1 in position. Thedistal ring5 prevents the device from becoming detached from the body inadvertently and has an associated sealing means in the form of a self-sealingvalve18 for sealing thesleeve4 when not in use. Thedevice1 is held in position on the patient's skin outside the body by afixing means10 provided in this case by aproximal ring6. Thedistal ring5 andproximal ring6 ensure that thedevice1 is securely fixed in position, bothrings5,6 surround the incision and thesleeve4 passes through the incision connecting therings5 and6. Theproximal ring6 has adjustment means12 provided by being rotatably mounted on the skin to modify the length of thesleeve4. This ensures that the fixing means10 and thedistal ring5 are brought into close contact with theabdominal wall3, thereby ensuring a good seal is maintained and that thedevice1 is firmly mounted in position.
• Theproximal ring6 may have aconnector ring7 for receiving additional seals to prevent loss of pressure from thecavity2. Theconnector ring7 may also be used for holding or guiding medical instruments into position over, through or in the incision.
• In use, an incision is made in theabdominal wall3 and thedistal ring5 and associated self-sealing valve18 is passed through the incision into thecavity2. The self-sealingvalve18 incorporates elasticized filaments, which are biased toward a closed position or inoperative position (seeFIG. 3). Thedistal ring5 is moved when in thecavity2 so that thering5 surrounds the incision. Theproximal ring6 can then be rotated, adjusted in height or stretched to take up the surplus material ofsleeve4 on theproximal ring6. When thedistal ring5 is drawn up to snugly engage the internalabdominal wall3 surrounding the incision, theproximal ring6 is attached to the patient's skin to fix thedevice1 in position. When in position, thesleeve4 passing between the portions of theabdominal wall3 exposed by the incision retracts the incision sides creating a lumen or bore through which an object or hand can be passed. A seal is provided by the self-sealingvalve18.
• When a surgeon wishes to gain access to thecavity2, a hand or instrument is passed down through thesleeve4. The outward pressure of the retractedsleeve4 on the abdominal wall ensures that access is not restricted. The self-sealingvalve18 is easily operated by the surgeon to gain access to thecavity2 and surgery can be performed. As an object is removed, the self-sealingvalve18 closes down sealing thecavity2. Specifically, when a surgeon passes a hand or instrument between the filaments which run all around the end of thesleeve4, they are forced out of position into an operating position as shown inFIG. 4. As filaments are used, they accurately mould to the surface of the inserted object preventing loss of gas from thebody cavity2. The memory resident in these filaments returns thevalve18 to the inoperative position once the object is removed to re-seal thesleeve4.
• It will be noted that equivalent methods of dispensing and retracting slack sleeve material following positioning of the device may be used.
• FIGS. 5 and 6 show an alternative to the self-sealingvalve18 described above in relation toFIGS. 1-4. In this alternative embodiment, aspring valve28 provides the seal to thesleeve4. Thespring valve28 is provided by mounting amember27 within apocket29 of thesleeve4. Tension in thespring valve28 is provided by forming themember27 to be longer that thepocket29. Operation of this valve is identical to that described above.
• It will be understood that the operation of these valves is not dependent on the adjustment means described above.
• In a still further arrangement, the proximal ring may be adjusted in height by means of inserting compressible foam rings between the proximal ring and the abdominal wall. Alternatively, the sleeve may be made of an elastomer material which when the distal ring is inserted into the incision, stretches the elastomer sheet causing tension between the distal ring and the proximal ring.
• It will be understood that the self-sealingvalves18,28 described herein may be equally used as external proximal valves (FIG. 7) or as internal distal valves.
• It will of course be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific details described herein, which are given by way of example only, and that various modifications and alterations are possible within the scope of the invention.

Claims (16)

1. A surgical device (1) for use in minimally invasive surgery of the type using an inflated body cavity (2) accessible to a surgeon through an access port, defined by the device (1), surrounding an incision in a patient's body, the device (1) having:

body cavity engagement device (5) for insertion into the incision to locate the device (1) in position;

fixing device (10) for attaching the device to a patient's skin, the fixing device including a proximal ring (6);

a sleeve (4) connected between the body cavity engagement device and the fixing device, wherein the sleeve is adjustable by the positioning of the proximal ring so that the positioning of the proximal ring retracts the sleeve to cause the sleeve to apply outward pressure against the patient's body to retract the incision to define an access port and create a seal between the incision and sleeve; and

sealing device, at least one of mounted on the sleeve and operating on the sleeve, to prevent substantial leakage of gas from the body cavity on inflation when in an inoperative position and formed to mould about a substantial portion of a surgeon's hand or surgical instrument on insertion in an operating position.

2. The surgical device ofclaim 1 in which the body cavity engagement device (5) is provided by a distal ring (5) formed for insertion into the incision.

3. The surgical device ofclaim 2, in which the sealing device includes a self-sealing valve mounted on the sleeve.

4. The surgical device ofclaim 1, further including a connector ring (7) mounted adjacent said proximal ring.

5. The surgical device ofclaim 2, in which the fixing device (6) incorporates adjustment means for modifying the length of the sleeve, so as to ensure that the fixing device (6) and the distal ring (5) may be brought into close contact with the abdominal wall ensuring a good seal is maintained and that the device (1) is firmly mounted in position.

6. The surgical device ofclaim 1, in which the sleeve is made of an elastomer material, whereby insertion of the distal ring into an incision stretches the elastomer material causing tension between the distal ring and proximal ring.

7. The surgical device ofclaim 1, wherein said sealing device is an external proximal valve mounted adjacent to said proximal ring.

8. The surgical device ofclaim 1, wherein said sealing device is an internal distal valve.

9. A surgical device for use in minimally invasive surgery of the type using an inflated cavity accessible to a surgeon through an access port, defined by the device, surrounding an incision in a patient's body, the device comprising:

body cavity engagement device for insertion into the incision to locate the device in position, said body cavity engagement device including a distal ring;

fixing device for attaching the device to a patient's skin, said fixing device including a proximal ring;

a sleeve connected between the body cavity engagement device and the fixing device, said sleeve having an adjustable length that shortens to cause said sleeve to apply outward pressure against the patient's body sufficient to retract the incision to define the access port; and

one of an external proximal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said proximal ring and an internal distal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said distal ring, to prevent substantial leakage of gas from the body cavity on inflation when in an operative position and formed to mold about a substantial portion of a surgeon's hand or surgical instrument on insertion in an operating position.

10. A surgical device for use in minimally invasive surgery of the type using an inflated cavity accessible to a surgeon through an access port, defined by the device, surrounding an incision in a patient's body, the device comprising:

body cavity engagement device for insertion into the incision to locate the device in position, said body cavity engagement device including a distal ring;

fixing device for attaching the device to a patient's skin, said fixing device including a proximal ring;

a sleeve connected between the body cavity engagement device and the fixing device, said sleeve having a length;

wherein said proximal ring includes an adjustment means for adjusting the length of said sleeve to cause said sleeve to apply outward pressure against the patient's body sufficient to retract sides of the incision; and

one of an external proximal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said proximal ring and an internal distal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said distal ring, to prevent substantial leakage of gas from the body cavity on inflation when in an operative position and formed to mold about a substantial portion of a surgeon's hand or surgical instrument on insertion in an operating position.

11. The surgical device ofclaim 1, wherein said sealing device is a self-sealing valve formed of elasticized filaments.

12. The surgical device ofclaim 9, wherein said one of an external proximal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said proximal ring and an internal distal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said distal ring is a self-sealing valve formed of elasticized filaments.

13. The surgical device ofclaim 10, wherein said one of an external proximal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said proximal ring and an internal distal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said distal ring is a self-sealing valve formed of elasticized filaments.

14. The surgical device ofclaim 1, wherein said sealing device is a self-sealing spring valve including a tensioned member mounted on the sleeve.

15. The surgical device ofclaim 9, wherein said one of an external proximal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said proximal ring and an internal distal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said distal ring is a self-sealing spring valve including a tensioned member mounted on the sleeve.

16. The surgical device ofclaim 10, wherein said one of an external proximal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said proximal ring and an internal distal sealing valve mounted adjacent to said distal ring is a self-sealing spring valve including a tensioned member mounted on the sleeve.

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