US20050187976A1 - Automatic hierarchical categorization of music by metadata - Google Patents

Abstract

A method, performed by software executing on the processor of a portable music playback device, that automatically files tracks according to hierarchical structure of categories to organize tracks in a logical order. A user interface is utilized to change the hierarchy, view track names, and select tracks for playback or other operations. The user interface uses an overlapping hierarchy of categories. A song title can be accessed in multiple different ways by starting with different categories. A preferred embodiment of the invention uses the top-level categories “Albums”, “Artists”, “Genres” (or styles), and “Play Lists”. Within the Albums category are names of different albums of songs stored in the device. Within each album are the album tracks, or songs, associated with that album. Navigation is performed by presenting a sequence of display screens for each level of the hierarchy.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/755,723, entitled AUTOMATIC HIERARCHICAL CATEGORIZATION OF MUSIC BY METADATA, and filed on Jan. 5, 2001, the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. This application is related to application Ser. No. 09/755,629, entitled “System for Selecting and Playing Songs in a Playback Device with a Limited User Interface,” now abandoned (Atty. Docket No. 17002-020800); and application Ser. No. 09/755,367, entitled “Audioplayback Device with Power Savings Storage Access Mode,” issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,590,730 (Atty. Docket No. 17002-022400), all filed January 5, 2001, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• Today, portable consumer electronic devices are more powerful than ever. For example, small, portable music playback devices can store hundreds, even thousands, of compressed songs and can play back the songs at high quality. With the capacity for so many songs, a playback device can store many songs from different albums, artists, styles of music, etc.
• Music jukeboxes implemented in software executed by a digital computer and portable MP3 and CD players both provide facilities for forming playlists. For example, the OOZIC player, distributed by the assignee of the present application, runs on a host PC and has a playlist feature that allows selection of tracks from the PC's hard disk to be included in the playlist.
• As storage capacity increases and songs are compressed to shorter file lengths the number of songs that can be stored increases rapidly. Major problems facing the consumer are organizing and accessing the tracks.
• Typically, portable devices have a user interface including a small screen and buttons. Such a display screen might be, e.g., 1″×2″. This small display size is necessary because of the physical size of the device which is typically carried in the hand. The small size also limits the number, size, shape, and types of user input controls that can be mounted on the device. For example, a few pushbuttons are usually provided to perform all of the device's control functions. Using such a compact user interface to navigate and select among hundreds of songs is inefficient and often frustrating. The display screen can only show a few song titles at one time, and the limited controls make it difficult for a user to arbitrarily select, or move among, the songs.
• The creation of playlists is one technique to organize the playing of songs. A set of songs can be included in a playlist which is given a name and stored. When the playlist is accessed, the set of songs can be played utilizing various formats such as sequential play or shuffle.
• However, the creation of playlists itself becomes problematic as the number of songs increases, since the user often arbitrarily selects songs from a large number of tracks to form a playlist. This selection mechanism: can be fairly tedious; does not necessarily produce playlists that are of interest to the user over the course of time; may not remain up-to-date if new songs are added that logically fit into a previously created playlist (e.g. “Favorites by Band X” might become out of date if a new favorite by Band X is added after the playlist was created); and leads to “lost” songs that are not members of any playlist.
• Accordingly, improved techniques for organizing and grouping tracks useful in a portable music player are needed. Further, it is desirable to provide a user interface suitable for a small device. The user interface should allow a user to efficiently navigate among, and select from, many items stored in the device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention provides an efficient user interface for a small portable music player. The invention is suitable for use with a limited display area and small number of controls to allow a user to efficiently and intuitively navigate among, and select, songs to be played. By using the invention, very large numbers of songs can be easily accessed and played.
• One aspect of the invention includes an overlapping hierarchy of categories. Categories include items that can also be included in other categories so that the categories “overlap” with each other. Thus, a song title can be accessed in multiple different ways by starting with different categories. For example, a preferred embodiment of the invention uses the top-level categories “Albums”, “Artists”, “Genres” (or styles), and “Play Lists”. Within the Albums category are names of different albums of songs stored in the device. Within each album are the album tracks, or songs, associated with that album. Similarly, the Artists category includes names of artists which are, in turn, associated with their albums and songs. The Genre category includes types of categories of music such as “Rock”, “Hip Hop”, “Rap”, “Easy Listening”, etc. Within these sub-categories are found associated songs. Finally, the “Play Lists” category includes collections of albums and/or songs which are typically defined by the user.
• Advantageous use is made of the overlapping hierarchy to allow the user to quickly designate a song for playback. The device uses three “soft” pushbuttons that have assignable functions. The interface maintains consistent button functionality whenever possible and uses uniform command names and operations on different types of items so that the interface is more intuitive. For example, the user can open and queue both albums and songs with predictable results.
• The interface also provides for multiple functions for a single control. For example, a “Play” button can act, in a first function, to play a currently-selected song. The Play button can act, in a second function, to cycle through different playback modes. The modes can be, e.g., (1) playback of songs from a hard disk; (2) playback of music from a radio receiver built into the device; and (3) playback of voice messages. The first function for the Play button can be activated by momentarily depressing the Play button for a short period of time. The second function is invoked by depressing the Play button for a longer period of time whereupon the device cycles through the different modes. Other ways of invoking the functions are possible such as where the second function is automatically entered from a powered-down state.
• In one embodiment, the invention provides a method for selecting songs to be played in an electronic audio device, wherein the device includes a display and one or more user input controls, wherein songs are organized into categories, albums, wherein songs and albums are associated with artist names. The method includes steps of displaying categories on the display; accepting signals from a user input control to select a category; displaying one or more songs in the selected category on the display; accepting signals from a user input control to select a displayed song; and entering selected songs into a playlist queue, wherein the device plays back songs in the playlist queue.
• According to one aspect of the present invention, a technique is provided for organizing tracks on a portable music player by automatically filing tracks in a hierarchical order based on attributes of the tracks.
• According to another aspect of the invention, metadata is associated with each track that is used to automatically define the track's appropriate place in the hierarchy.
• According to another aspect of the invention, the hierarchy is displayed on the portable music player so that a user can traverse the organizational hierarchy to find individual tracks or find playlists composed of logical groups of tracks.
• According to another aspect of the invention, the hierarchy is derived by using metadata associated with the audio content that was obtained through any source of metadata (e.g. CDDB metadata, id3v2 metadata, other obtainable metadata) and subsequently stored with or alongside the file that stores the track.
• According to another aspect of the invention, a file is formatted so that an unaltered track is stored as file data and information about the track is stored in file attribute files.
• Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent in view of the following detailed description and appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tree structure for hierarchical filing of tracks;
• FIG. 2 is a definition file that specifies the hierarchy depicted inFIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a user's view of the hierarchy;
• FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a user interface displaying the hierarchical category structure;
• FIG. 5 is a diagram of a file format for storing filed data and file attributes;
• FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting steps for filing tracks according to the hierarchical tree structure;
• FIG. 7 depicts a tree resulting from searching the tracks;
• FIG. 8 depicts a format for a user interface;
• FIG. 9 illustrates the NOMAD Jukebox and its user interface controls;
• FIG. 10 illustrates a sequence of display screens describing how to navigate to lower levels;
• FIG. 11 illustrates associations among items;
• FIG. 12 shows display screens used to search for a song or other item;
• FIG. 13 illustrates details of different items; and
• FIG. 14 illustrates a playback device coupled to a host computer system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described in the context of a portable personal player that plays audio files stored in memory. The files may be in MP3, wav. or other digital formats.
• In the presently described embodiment, users are able to see the tracks on their player in some organized fashion other than as a single list of tracks. As will be described in more detail below, in one embodiment tracks are sorted utilizing a tree structure having branches labeled according to types of metadata associated with the tracks
• For example, a track recorded as “Golden Slumbers” by the Beatles that appears on their album “Hey Jude” might appear as a track under the album “Abbey Road” as well as a track under the list of tracks by the Beatles. It might appear as a track under the genre “Pop Rock” as well as “Songs from the 60's.” Furthermore, the organization can have more complex hierarchies. For example, the category of “Pop Rock” might contain subcategories “British Musicians,” “American Musicians” and “Other Musicians”. In all cases, the track is automatically filed into all appropriate locations without requiring user interaction.
• In the currently defined embodiment, a tree structure is defined by a file having the following structure.
• The first line of a TreeDef.inf file contains a version number:
• • V1.0
• Each subsequent line (at least in v1.0) contains lines of the following format:
• • CATEGORY_NAME|TRACK_TYPE_MASK|CATEGORY_STRUCTURE
  • CATEGORY_NAMEs are the top-level names of the branch under which tracks are sorted. They include things like “Album,” “Artist,” “Voice Tracks,” “All Tracks,” etc.
• TRACK_TYPE_MASKs tell which types of tracks are to be filed under this particular branch. The actual value is a hexadecimal numerical value (in ‘0×’ format, e.g. 0×01) generated by ORing the following flags together as appropriate:

  	enum tTrackType
  	{
  	kTTNothing=0x00,
  	kTTSong=0x01,
  	kTTVoice=0x02,
  	kTTBook=0x04,
  	kTTMacro=0x08,
  	kTTPlaylist=0x10
  	};

• So, for example, the “Album” branch has a TRACK_TYPE_MASK of kTTSong, because only songs are filed under that branch, but the “All Tracks” branch has a TRACK_TYPE_MASK of (kTTSong|kTTVoice|kTTBook).
• Other elements might be added to tTrackType (e.g. kTTVideo) as appropriate.
• CATEGORY_STRUCTUREs tell how to file the songs based on their metadata information. The CATEGORY_STRUCTURE is a string of characters that tell, from left to right, the order of hierarchy. The characters come from the following enum constants:

  	enum tFileTag
  	{
  	kFTNone=‘@’,
  	kFTTrackType=‘T’,
  	kFTTitle=‘N’,
  	kFTAudioFile=‘F’,
  	kFTArtist=‘M’,
  	kFTAlbum=‘L’,
  	kFTGenre=‘G’,
  	kFTSource=‘S’,
  	kFTYear=’Y’,
  	kFTArtistCountry=’C’
  	};

• Thus, a CATEGORY_STRUCTURE of LN tells to create a subcategory that is a list of Albums, each of which contains a list of Tracks.
• In total, a line like:
• • Album|0×01|LN
• Says to create a branch called “Album” which contains tracks of type kTTSong organized first by album name, and then by track name.
• The following is an example of a tree definition file similar (though not identical) to the hierarchy presented in the Nomad Jukebox product (the ‘B’ before each FileTag was used to identify that these are basic tags so that we wouldn't run out of letters in the alphabet as we included more complex metadata—thus each group of two letters represents a level in the hierarchy):
• • V1.0
  • Album|0×01|BLBN
  • Artist|0×01|BMBN
  • Genre|0×01|BGBN
  • Voice Tracks|0×02|BSBGBN
  • Playlists|0×10|BN
  • Macros|0×08|BN
  • All Tracks|0×07|BN
• FIG. 1 depicts a hypothetical organization hierarchy. The tree shows how tracks might be listed (as leaves in the tree) after having been organized. Example values for nodes in the tree are shown as well. The same track may appear more than once as a leaf in the tree, as described above, if it fits into multiple categories (e.g. a song that appears on the Abbey Road branch would also appear in the Beatles branch). In the example shown, the first branch contains tracks organized by album. As shown in the example, this music collection contains three tracks from “Abbey Road” and three tracks from “Hits from the 60's”. The second branch contains tracks organized by artist, and sub organized by where the artist is from. Thus, a user browsing would first select the “Artists” branch and then choose between “British Artists” and “American Artists”. Finally, they would select the particular artist. In the third branch, all tracks are shown.
• The tree definition file that would specify the hierarchy shown inFIG. 1 is shown inFIG. 2.
• The first line identifies the version of the tree definition file.
• The second line defines the “Albums” branch. The first part of the line, “Albums” defines the name of the branch. The second part, “0×01,” defines that all musical tracks should be categorized on this branch. The third part, “BLBN,” defines that the branch lists first the names of all albums (BL) and then tracks on those albums (BN).
• The third line defines the “Artists” branch. The first part of the line “Artists” defines the name of the branch. The second part, “0×01,” defines that all musical tracks should be categorized on this branch. The third part, “BCBMBN,” defines that the branch lists first the names of all countries where artists in this collection come from (BC) and under those items, the artists' names (BM), and then tracks by those artists (BN).
• FIG. 3 shows what a user's view of this hierarchy might be if he/she were shown a fully expanded view of the 6-song tree. Notice that each song appears three times, once in each branch.
• In consumer products the tree define file is not edited directly but through a user interface, one example of which is depicted inFIG. 4. An example of a user interface for viewing songs by category and editing the tree structure is depicted inFIG. 4.
• An embodiment of the invention is utilized in the Nomad® Jukebox, manufactured by the assignee of the present invention, and described more fully in the copending application, filed on the same date as the present application, entitled “System for Selecting and Playing Songs in a Playback Device with a Limited User Interface,” (Attny. Docket No. 17002-020800).
• In a preferred embodiment, metadata is associated with each track and includes such information as title, genre, artist name, type, etc. In the preferred embodiment, software stored in a portable player and executed by the onboard processor automatically files each track in the correct category utilizing the associated metadata and the tree define file. The program code can be stored in any computer readable medium including magnetic storage, CD ROM, optical media, or digital data encoded on an electromagnetic signal.
• Thus, the user is automatically provided with a powerful and flexible tool for organizing and categorizing the tracks stored on the portable player.
• If the tracks are formatted in MP3 format the metadata can be stored in ID3 tags included in the MP3 file. In one embodiment of the invention, the tracks are stored in alternate file format including file data and file attributes. The file data is the music track itself and the file attributes part of the file includes fields of arbitrary size which are used to store metadata characterizing the track stored as the file data. Again this metadata includes information about the track such as title, genre, artist name, type, etc.
• There are several advantages to using the alternate file format. Metadata of types not easily included in an ID3 tag can be utilized. Further, the original track format is not changed, so that error correction data such as checksums are valid. Finally, any file format can be used (e.g. WAV, WMA, etc.) because the metadata is stored separately, and thus audio formats that have limited support for metadata can still be stored on the portable player in native format without transcoding. The formatted files are formed by software stored in the portable music player and executed by an on-board processor.
• The metadata for each track is utilized to file each track, using the categories defined in the hierarchical structure as described above, without any input from the user.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the alternative file format including file data in the form of an MP3 track, and metadata fields for holding data indicating the name of the album the track is from, the name of the song, the genre of the song, and the type of track.
• A particular embodiment of a file format will now be described. All tracks are created with some set of attributes as shown below:
• Definition of TrackInfo Data Field

  Field	Offset	Size	Description
  Attribute Count	0	2	The number of attribute follow for the
  			track
  Attr
  1type	2	2	Binary = 0, ASCII = 1
  Attr 1name len	4	2	Length of attributename string
  Attr
  1data len	6	4	Length ofattribute data
  Attr
  1 Name	10	N	Attributename string
  Attr
  1 Data	10 + N	M	Attribute data
  .
  .
  .
  AttrN type
  Attr
  1name len
  Attr
  1data len
  Attr
  1Name
  Attr
  1 Data

• Required Attributes

  Attribute Name	Value(s)	Remarks
  TITLE	ASCII string	Required By Jukebox
  CODEC	“MP3”, “WMA”, “WAV”	Required By Jukebox
  TRACK ID	DWORD	Set By Jukebox
  ALBUM	ASCII string	Optional
  ARTIST	ASCII string	Optional
  GENRE	ASCII string	Optional
  LENGTH	In seconds	Optional
  TRACK SIZE	In bytes	Optional
  TRACK NUM	1-n (track within album)	Optional

• These attributes can be subsequently changeable via a host application, running on a personal computer connected to the portable music player.
• FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of an embodiment the process used to build the hierarchical database of tracks. It starts by iterating through each track, and, for each track, iterating through each branch to find if the track belongs on the branch, and, if so, where. In this case, the term track could refer to any content, e.g. a music track, a spoken word track, or even a video track.
• Also, the hierarchical catalog of tracks can be used to form playlists in a structured manner. For example, if a user wants to hear Jazz and Blues the entire sub-categories can be selected to form one playlist.
• An alternative hierarchical catalog generation technique will now be described. In this alternative embodiment, at system startup and as tracks are added or changed, the hierarchy is generated as an in-memory tree structure. Each track is added to the tree using the categories ALBUM, ARTIST and GENRE.
• The following example shows the algorithm for adding a track. For clarity, only the attributes used by the tree are shown.

  	TITLE	“Free Falling”
  	ALBUM	“Full Moon Fever”
  	ARTIST	“Tom Petty”
  	GENRE	“Rock”
  	TRACK NUM	1

• The following function is executed to build the in-memory memory tree.

  	Build Tree ( )
  	For each track,
  	Add Track To Category(Album, Track)
  	Add Track To Category(Artist, Track)
  	Add Track To Category(Genre,Track)
  	End of Build Tree

• FIG. 7 depicts a tree which could result from implementing Build Tree( ) function. Note that “Stardust” does not have any entries for Album or Artist. The host software running on a computer connected to the portable music player could be utilized to add missing attributes to the “Stardust” track and, optionally, edit the title attribute. The Build Tree( ) function would then reinsert this track in the correct location in the tree.
• FIG. 8 is an embodiment of a user interface according to another embodiment of the invention. In this example the root node is labeled “My Configuration” and the Playlist category has been selected and the Playlist subcategory “Meddle” has been selected. Note that the types of Metadata, in this example, Track Name, Artist, Album, Tempo and Dance, are listed across the top of the screen, and the attribute values for each track are listed in a row across the screen. Various control buttons are displayed to the right of configuration window that facilitate quickly invoking selected processing on a selected track.
• As noted above, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is incorporated into a product manufactured and distributed by Creative Technology, Ltd. The product is called the “NOMAD Jukebox.” The following description describes further details of the display screens and interface controls.
• FIG. 9 illustrates the NOMAD Jukebox and its user interface controls.
• InFIG. 9,electronic audio device100 measures about 5.5″ wide by 5.5″ tall by 1″ thick.Display screen102 is about 2″ wide by 1″ tall.Display screen102 includes different regions such asmain region104 and soft buttonfunction description region106.
• Three soft buttons are located at108; including buttons110,112 and114. The specific command, or function, that any of the soft buttons perform when depressed is indicated by the label in soft buttonfunction description region106. Thus, the function of soft button112 (as shown inFIG. 9) is “open,” the function of soft button114 is “search” while soft button110 is currently not assigned a function.
• The other eight buttons ondevice100 perform essentially the same functions at all times. In other words, they are not subject to function changes according to soft buttonfunction description area106. These buttons includeLibrary button116, EAX and System button118, SkipBackward button120,Play button122,Stop button124,Skip Forward button126, Scroll Upbutton128 and Scroll Downbutton130. However, as discussed below, these buttons (or any type of controls used with the device) can include alternate functionality that is invoked in different ways.
• The device uses visual cues, or indicators, in the display. When an item is highlighted it indicates that the item is the “current” item, or currently-selected item, which is susceptible to be operated on by a subsequent user action—such as playback, or expansion of the item. InFIG. 1,screen102 shows that the item, “ALBUMS,” is highlighted. The highlighted item can be acted upon by using the soft buttons, or another button, as discussed below. The current item can be changed by usingScroll Up button128 and Scroll Downbutton130 to move the highlight up or down, respectively, throughout a list of displayed items.
• Icons are used to provide additional visual cues for an item. InFIG. 1, each of the categories has a category icon to the left of it. The category icon, which may not be distinctly visible in the Figure, illustrates a first box connected by lines to additional boxes below the first box. The icon depicts a hierarchy and illustrates the property of categories, i.e., that categories can contain additional categories, songs or other items.
• FIG. 10 illustrates a sequence of display screens describing how to navigate to lower levels.
• InFIG. 10,library category screen150 shows the display as it appears when the user depresseslibrary button116 ofFIG. 9. A preferred embodiment of the device uses 4 first-level categories. These are “Albums”, “Artists,” “Styles” and “Play Lists”. Each of these categories can “contain,” or be associated with, other categories, songs, or items.
• Note that inlibrary category screen150 ALBUMS is currently highlighted. By depressing soft button112 ofFIG. 9, the “open” command is performed on the highlighted category, as indicated by the labeling of soft button112 and soft buttonfunction description area152 ofFIG. 10.
• Lists screen154 is displayed as a result of a user opening the Albums category oflibrary category screen150. Lists screen154 shows items within the Albums category such as commercial albums of multiple songs from a record label, pre-made lists or collections created by a user, or other predefined lists or collections of songs or recordings.
• InFIG. 10, lists screen154 shows each item as a list of songs. This is shown visually by the icon to the left of each item which depicts a miniature list. Possible soft button commands are “Close”, “Open” and “Queue”. These commands correspond to soft buttons110,112 and114, respectively. If the user selects the Close command, the display reverts tolibrary category screen150. If the user selects the Open command, the display shows tracks screen156. Alternatively, the user can select the Queue command to instruct the device to place all the songs from the selected (i.e., highlighted) list into the play list for eventual playback. Yet another option allows the user to pressplay button122 ofFIG. 9 to cause any currently-selected songs or a list of songs (e.g., an album) to immediately be played.
• Returning toFIG. 10, tracks screen156 shows that a single song called “JukeBox Demo” is in the list. The list is also called JukeBox Demo as shown in lists screen154. Tracks screen156 shows possible soft commands assigned to buttons, namely “Close”, “Details” and “Queue.” The Close button performs the same function as before—it returns the user to the previous screen which, in this case, is listsscreen154. The user can also select the Details command to cause details of the song JukeBox Demo to be displayed in details screen158 as shown inFIG. 10. The user can select the Queue command by soft button114 to enter the selected song into the play list queue. As before, the user can also depressplay button122 ofFIG. 9 to cause immediate playback of the selected song.
• Details screen158 shows information about the selected song including the name of the song, album (or list) name containing the song; the track number, if applicable, and track duration. Note that other information can be included. The user can preview the song, close the Details screen to return to the Tracks screen or queue the song on the play list queue.
• The device provides the ability to “preview” audio files even while a current song, or playlist, is being played. When a user chooses to preview an audio file, the audio file is played for about 10 seconds while any currently-played file or playlist is suspended. After previewing is complete, the suspended file or playlist resumes playback. In other embodiment, the preview duration can vary, or be stopped by user selection.
• FIG. 11 illustrates associations among items.
• InFIG. 11,song168 is one of many songs stored in the device. Categories such asalbums160,artists162, play lists164 andgenres166 each include sub-categories. For example,albums160 includes the names of various albums. Songs are associated with albums, genres and playlists. Such association can be by using pointers, a data structure including items to be associated, etc. “Association” as used herein, includes a first item associated with a second item; and the second item associated with the first item. In other words, albums can be associated with one or more songs in the database of the device so that an automated search to find all songs associated with an album is easier. The direction of arrow pointers inFIG. 11 is not intended to limit the manner of associations among items in the present invention.
• Similar to albums, the category ofartists162 includes names of artists, or performers, of songs. Each artist name is associated with one or more songs in the database.Playlists164 includes names of playlists. These are collections of songs that can be defined by the user, the device manufacturer, or others. Each playlist can be associated with one or more songs.Genres166 includes various styles of music which are associated with one or more songs in the database. Note that items can exist without being associated with a song. Also, items can be associated with other items as where an artist name is associated with the albums containing the songs that the artist has created.
• Although not shown inFIG. 11, items can have additional information, such as properties, details, etc., associated with the item. For example, a song can have information such as play time, artist name, artist album, copyright owner, etc., associated with the song.
• FIG. 12 illustrates display screens used to search for a song or other item.
• InFIG. 12,screen180 is the initial library screen, as discussed above. If the user invokes the Search command (via the appropriate soft button) with Albums selected then screen182 is displayed. Note that the search function can be applied to any of the categories. The user can depress the Plus or Minus soft buttons to cycle through the alphabet and change the character in the current location as indicated by the cursor. The cursor position is changed by using the scroll up/scroll downbuttons128 and130, respectively, ofFIG. 9. As each letter is entered the letters are compared and the nearest match of the stored albums' names is displayed as shown inscreen184. When the desired match is displayed the user selects the Go! command.
• Screen186 shows the result of selecting the Go! command. A list of albums is displayed with the matched album centered and selected. The user can close, open or queue the album as discussed above.
• FIG. 13 illustrates details of different items.
• InFIG. 13,screen200 illustrates details displayed as a result of selecting the “Details” command from soft button1A track is selected.Screen200 shows that details of the track “Jukebox Demo” shows the name of the album that the track resides on, the creator, or copyright owner, of the track, and the playing time of the track.
• Screen202 illustrates details of an item on the active queue list. Items are placed onto the active queue list by selecting the “Queue” command when an album, song, track, or other item is selected, as discussed above. For example,screen204 shows the active queuelist where the track “Jukebox Demo” is selected. By invoking the “Details”command screen202 is brought up to show details of the Jukebox Demo track.
• As shown inscreen202, the Detail screen shows what track number the selected track is, which album the track is from; the creator, or copyright owner, of the track, and the title of the track. Additionally, the details for an item on the queue list also show playback settings. These are shown by two-letter abbreviations at the bottom of the screen. The settings are as show in Table I, below.

  	TABLE I
  	EA	Environmental Preset
  	EQ	Parametric EQ
  	HS	Headphone Spatialization
  	TS	Time Scaling
  	4S	Four Channel Speaker Sound
  		(only if speakers are connected)

• These settings have their common meanings, as is known in the art. Note that the setting 4S is not shown inscreen202 as it is not currently active.
• FIG. 14 illustrates the Nomad Jukebox coupled to a host computer system.
• InFIG. 14, device300 (e.g., the Nomad Jukebox) is coupled tohost system302. In a preferredembodiment host system302 is a personal computer, such as an IBM-PC compatible computer.Host system302 includes a userinterface having display304 and user input devices such askeyboard306 andmouse308. In other embodiments the host system need not be a full computer system. Any type of processing system having a user interface is possible. For example, it is possible to couple the device to a laptop computer, game console, web-enabled television, or any consumer electronic device or digital platform, in general. The host user interface need not provide a display and can be much more minimal than the keyboard and mouse shown inFIG. 14. A preferred embodiment of the invention uses a Universal Synchronous Bus (USB) connection but any type of connection such as IEEE 1394 (FireWire), Ethernet, Serial Port, etc. can be used. A wireless (i.e., optical or radio frequency) connection can be used.
• Oncedevice300 is coupled tohost system302, a user ofhost system302 can launch a bridge interface to allow for the transfer of files betweendevice300 andhost system302. In a preferred embodiment, once the bridge interface is launched, the controls ofdevice300 are inoperable. The user interface ofhost system302 is used to operate the bridge interface to transfer files.
• The invention has now been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Alternatives and substitutions will now be apparent to persons of skill in the art.

Claims (5)

1. A method of navigating through a plurality of tracks, the method comprising:

accessing a first hierarchy level of metadata associated with the plurality of tracks;

accessing a second hierarchy level of the metadata in response to a selection from the first hierarchy level; and

either accessing a third level of the hierarchy in response to the selection from the second hierarchy level or selecting at least one track from the second hierarchy level, wherein data pertaining to respective ones of the first, second, and third hierarchy levels are presented in sequential screens, each sequentially presented screen replacing the previously presented screen.

2. The method as recited inclaim 1 wherein the plurality of tracks are music tracks.

3. A method for accessing tracks as recited inclaim 1, wherein in the first screen the selections available in the listing are one of listings of genre type, listing of album names, listing of artist names selected previously.

4. A portable media player having a plurality of tracks stored therein, the media player comprising:

a display screen;

a user interface; and

a processor configured to present sequentially a first and second display screen on the display of the media player, the plurality of tracks accessed from a hierarchy of metadata, the hierarchy having a plurality of categories, subcategories, and items respectively in descending levels of the hierarchy; wherein the portable media player is configured to:

select at least one member from a first level of the hierarchy in the first display screen of the portable media player;

display an expansion of the selected member in a listing presented in the second display screen; and

select a second member from the expansion in the second display screen; and

display an expansion of the selected second member a third display screen; and

accessing at least one track based on a selection made in the second display screen.

5. The portable media player as recited inclaim 3 further configured to display an expansion of the selected second member in a third display screen and wherein accessing at least one track is based on a selection made in the third display screen.

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