US20050168400A1 - Data processing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A data processing apparatus has a first processing unit for processing an input data, a second processing unit responsive to the data processed by the first processing unit for executing a processing dependent on the data and producing a display data, and a display unit having a display drive unit and a display device for displaying the display data. The second processing unit is selectively inactivated and activated under control of the first processing unit to reduce power consumption in the second processing unit. The display drive unit is also selectively inactivated and activated under control of the first processing unit to reduce power consumption in the display unit. The display device has a memory function that maintains its display image even when supply of a display drive signal from the display drive unit is stopped, so that a latest image before inactivation of the second processing unit and/or the display drive unit for power consumption reduction is visible by an operator during the inactivated and low power consumption state of the apparatus.

Description

• This is a Rule 53b Divisional application of Ser. No. 10/194,687 filed Jul. 24, 2002 which is a Rule 53b Divisional application of Ser. No. 09/583,168 filed May 30, 2000, which is a Rule 53b Continuation application of Ser. No. 08/283,165 filed Aug. 3, 1994 which is abandoned, which is aRule 62 Continuation application of Ser. No. 07/671,929 filed Mar. 20, 1991 which is abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention
• The present invention relates to a data processing apparatus provided with a display device.
• 2. Description of the Prior Art
• Among compact and lightweight microcomputers, portable type computers powered by batteries are now used extensively. Particularly, one of them known as a note-size computer is lighter in weight and smaller in size, yet provides equal capabilities to those of a desktop or laptop computer. The note-size computer powered by batteries is handy for use in a place where a power supply facility is rarely available, e.g. a meeting room or a lecture hall.
• However, the disadvantage of such handy use is that the life of batteries is short and limited. When used to record a business meeting or a college lecture, the service duration of such a note-size computer with fully charged batteries is preferably10 hours nonstop; more preferably, 20 to 30 hours. If possible, more than 100 hours—a standard of hand calculators—is most desired.
• So far, the service operation of a commercially available note-size computer lasts 2 to 3 hours at best. This results in battery runout in the middle of a meeting or college lecture causing an interruption during input work. As a result, troublesome replacement of batteries with new ones will be needed at considerable frequency.
• Such a drawback of the note-size computer tends to offset the portability in spite of its light weight and compactness.
• It is understood that known pocket-type portable data processing apparatuses including hand calculators and electronic notebooks are much slower in processing speeds than common microcomputers and thus, exhibit less power requirements. They are capable of servicing for years with the use of a common primary cell(s) of which life will thus be no matter of concern. The note-size computer, however, has a processing speed as high as that of a desktop computer and consumes a considerable amount of electric energy-namely, 10 to 1000 times the power consumption of any pocket-type portable data processing apparatus. Even with the application of up-to-date high quality rechargeable batteries, the serving period will be 2 to 3 hours at maximum. This is far from a desired duration demanded by the users. For the purpose of compensating the short life of batteries, a number of techniques for energy saving have been developed and some are now in practical use.
• The most well known technique will now be explained.
• A “resume” function is widely used in a common note-size computer. It works in a manner that when no input action continues for a given period of time, the data needed for restarting the computer with corresponding information is saved in a nonvolatile IC memory and then, a CPU and a display are systematically turned off. For restart, a power switch is closed and the data stored in the IC memory is instantly retrieved for display of the preceding data provided before disconnection of the power supply. This technique is effective for extension of the battery servicing time and suitable in practical use.
• However, a specified duration, e.g. 5 minutes, of no key entry results in de-energization of the entire system of the computer and thus, disappearance of display data. Accordingly, the operator loses information and his input action is interrupted. For reviewing the display data or continuing the input action, the power switch has to be turned on each time. This procedure is a nuisance for the operator. The resume technique is advantageous in saving energy of battery power but very disadvantageous in operability of the note-size computer.
• More specifically, the foregoing technique incorporates as a means for energy saving a system which de-energizes all the components including a processing circuit and a display circuit. The operator is thus requested to turn on the power switch of the computer at considerable frequencies during intermittent data input action because each no data entry duration of a given length triggers automatic disconnection of the switch. In particular, the data input operation with a note-size computer is commonly intermittent and thus, the foregoing disadvantage will be much emphasized.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved data processing apparatus capable of substantially reducing power consumption while performing required data processing operations.
• A data processing apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a data input unit for input of external data; a first processing unit for processing the data inputted through the data input unit; a second processing unit for processing the data inputted through the data input unit and/or an output data of the first processing unit; and a display unit for displaying an output data of the first and/or second processing units, wherein the display unit has a memory function for maintaining a display state without being energized, and the first processing unit has a means for actuating the second processing unit according to a timing or a kind of the input data.
• For example, when no data entry continues, the second processing unit or the display unit is inactivated or decreased in clock rate thus diminishing power consumption. Also, the present invention allows the display of data to remain intact. Upon occurrence an input data, the first processing unit activates the second processing unit to process the data. Thus, the operator can prosecute his job without knowledge of an interrupted de-energization. As a result, an appreciable degree of energy saving is guaranteed without affecting the operability and thus, the service life of batteries will largely be increased.
• In another aspect, the first processing unit may activate the second processing unit according to the kind of the input data. When the input data is such a data that requires a processing in the second processing unit, the first processing unit activates the second processing unit. The second processing unit, after completing a required operation or processing, may enter an inactive state by itself or may be forced into the inactive state by the first processing unit. Thus, the power consumption will be reduced to a considerable rate without affecting the operability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a data processing apparatus showing a first embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 2 is a timing chart;
• FIG. 3 is a view showing the arrangement of a display unit;
• FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view explaining the operating principle of the display unit;
• FIGS.5(a) and5(b) are views showing displayed images on the display unit;
• FIG. 6 is a flow chart;
• FIG. 7-ais a block diagram showing an arrangement of components;FIG. 7-bis a block diagram showing another arrangement;FIG. 7-cis a block diagram showing a further arrangement;FIG. 7-dis a flow chart;
• FIGS.8(a) through8(f) illustrate the operating principle of a reflective device with the use of different reflecting plates;
• FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 10-ais a block diagram associated with a first processing unit;FIG. 10-bis a block diagram associated with a second processing unit;
• FIGS.11-aand11-bare flow charts:
• FIG. 12 is a timing chart;
• FIG. 13 is a view explaining the representation of a cursor;
• FIG. 14 is a view showing a sequence of translation procedures;
• FIG. 15 is a view explaining data insertion;
• FIG. 16 is a view explaining a copy mode;
• FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a modification of the second embodiment;
• FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 19 is a flow chart;
• FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 21 is a timing chart of the fourth embodiment;
• FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 23 is a timing chart of the fifth embodiment;
• FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a data input unit; and
• FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a combination of the first and second processing units.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described referring to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a data processing apparatus showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
• The data processing apparatus comprises adata input unit3, afirst processing block1, asecond processing block98, and adisplay block99.
• In operation, a data input which is fed to thedata input unit3 of the data processing apparatus by means of key entry with a key-board or communications interface is transferred to thefirst processing block1 in which afirst processor4 examines which key in key entry is pressed or what sorts of data are input from the outside and determines the subsequent procedure according to the information from afirst memory5.
• If no input is supplied to thedata input unit3 throughout a given period of time as shown inFIG. 2-aand also, the action of asecond processor7 has been completed, the feeding of clock signals to thesecond processor7 and adisplay circuit8 is halted by aninterruption controller6 and/or a process of energy saving is systematically executed.
• The energy saving process will now be described referring toFIG. 2.
• As shown inFIG. 2-a,a data input entered at t1 using an n-th key of the key-board is transferred from thedata input unit3 to thefirst processor4.
• Thefirst processor4 when examining the data input and determining that further processing at thesecond processor7 is needed delivers a start instruction via theinterruption controller6 and astart instruction line80 to thesecond processor7 which thus commences receiving the data input from thefirst processor4. Thesecond processor7 starts processing the data input when t=t3 as shown inFIG. 2-cand upon finishing, sends an end signal to thefirst processor4. In turn, either thefirst processor4 or theinterruption controller6 delivers a stop instruction to thesecond processor4 via thestartup instruction line80. Accordingly, thesecond processor4 transfers finally processed data from its RAM memory or register to the second memory for temporary storage and then, stops processing action when t=t5 as shown inFIG. 2-cor enters into an energy saving mode where a consuming power is sharply attenuated. After t5 where the actuation of thesecond processor7 is ceased, the data remains held in thesecond memory9 due to its nonvolatile properties or due to the action of a back-up battery. If display change is needed, thesecond processor4 sends a display change signal to thefirst processor4. Thefirst processor4 then delivers a display start instruction via a displaystart instruction line81 to thedisplay circuit8 for starting actuation. When t=t4 as shown inFIG. 2-d,the command signal is transmitted to thedisplay circuit8 which in turn retrieves the data of a previous display text from avideo memory82 or thesecond memory9 and displays a new image corresponding to the display change signal and data from thesecond processor7. When t=t6, thedisplay circuit8 sends its own instruction or an end signal via theinterruption controller6 to thefirst processor4 and upon receiving an instruction from thefirst processor4, stops or diminishes clock generation to enter a display energy saving mode. Thereafter, the power consumption of thedisplay circuit8 will largely be declined as illustrated after t6 inFIG. 2-d.
• After t6, thedisplay circuit8 stays fully or nearly inactivated but adisplay2 which is substantially consisted of memory retainable devices, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystal devices, continues to hold the display image. The arrangement of thedisplay2 will now be described. Thedisplay2, e.g. a simple matrix type liquid crystal display, contains a matrix of electrodes in whichhorizontal drive lines13 andvertical drive lines14 coupled to ahorizontal driver11 and avertical driver12 respectively intersect each other, as best shown inFIG. 3.FIG. 4 illustrates a pixel of thedisplay2 in action with a voltage being applied.
• In each pixel, aferroelectric liquid crystal17 is energized by the two, horizontal andvertical lines13,14 which serve as electrodes and are provided onglass plates15 and16 respectively.
• More particularly,FIG. 4-ashows a state where light is transmitted through. When a signal is given, theferroelectric liquid crystal17 changes its crystalline orientation and acts as a polarizer in which an angle of polarization is altered, thus allowing the light to pass through.
• When a voltage is applied in the reverse direction, theferroelectric liquid crystal17 causes the angle of polarization to turn 90 degrees and inhibits the passage of light with polarization effects, as shown inFIG. 4-b.Theferroelectric liquid crystal17 also has a memory retainable effect as being capable of remaining unchanged in the crystalline orientation after the supply of voltage is stopped, as shown inFIG. 4-c.Accordingly, throughout a duration from t=t6 to t=t14, explained later, the display remains intact without any operation of thedisplay circuit8. While the energy saving mode is involved after t6, both thedata input unit3 and thefirst processor4 are only in action.
• Thefirst processor4 performs only conversion of key entry to letter code or the like. In general, the key entry is conducted by a human operator and executed some tens times in a second at best. The speed of data entry by a human operator is100 times or more slower than the processing speed of any microcomputer. Hence, the processing speed of thefirst processor4 may be as low as that of a known hand calculator and the power consumption will be decreased to hundredths or thousandths of one watt as compared with that of a main CPU in a desktop computer. As shown inFIG. 2-b,thefirst processor4 continues operating while apower switch20 of thedata processing unit1 is closed. However, it consumes a lesser amount of energy and thus, the power consumption of the apparatus will be low.
• When n+1-th key entry is made at t11, thefirst processor4 examines the data of the entry at t12 and if necessary, delivers a start instruction via theinterruption controller6 or directly to thesecond processor7 for actuation. Upon receiving the start instruction, thesecond processor7 starts processing again with the use of clock signals so that the data stored in thesecond memory9, i.e. data at a previous stop when t=t5, such as memory data, register information, or display data, is read out and the CPU environment when t=t5 can fully be restored. When t=t13, the data in thefirst processor4 is transferred to thesecond processor7 for reprocessing. Thesecond processor7 is arranged to operate at high speeds and its power consumption is as high as that of a desk-top computer. If thesecond processor7 is continuously activated, the life of batteries will be shortened as well as in a known note computer. The present invention however provides a series of energy saving mode actions during the operation, whereby the energy consumption will be minimized.
• The energy saving mode is advantageous. For example, the duration required for processing the data of a word processing software is commonly less than 1 ms while the key entry by a human operator takes several tens of milliseconds at maximum. Hence, although the peak of energy consumption during a period from t13 to t15 is fairly high in thesecond processor7 as shown inFIG. 2-c,the average is not more than a tenth or a hundredth of the peak value. It is now understood that the energy saving mode allows lower power consumption.
• When t=t14, thesecond processor7 sends a desired portion of the display data to thedisplay2. Before t14, thedisplay2 continues to display the text altered at t6 due to the memory effects of theferroelectric liquid crystal17 while thedisplay circuit8 remains inactivated. The desired data given through the key entry at t11 is written at t14 for regional replacement. The replacement of one to several lines of display text is executed by means of voltage application to corresponding numbers of the horizontal andvertical drive lines13 and14. This procedure requires a shorter period of processing time and thus, consumes a lesser amount of energy as compared with replacement of the entire display text.
• Thesecond processor7 then stops operation when t=t15 and enters into the energy saving mode again as shown inFIG. 2-c.
• At the moment when the operation of thesecond processor7 has been finished before t15 or when a stop instruction from thefirst processor4 is received, thesecond processor7 saves the latest data in thesecond memory9.
• When t=t14, thesecond processor7 stops operation or diminishes an operating speed and enters into the energy saving mode.
• When the input data is fed at short intervals, e.g. at t21, t31, t41, and t51, through a series of key entry actions or from a communications port, thesecond processor7 shifts to the energy saving mode at t23, t33, and t43 as shown inFIG. 2-c.If thefirst processor4 detects that the interval between data inputs is shorter than a predetermined time, it delivers an energy saving mode stop instruction to thesecond processor7 which thus remains activated without forced de-energization and no longer enters into the energy saving mode. The energy saving mode is called back only when the interval between two data inputs becomes sufficiently long.
• Also, when thefirst processor4 detects that the key entry is absent during a given length of time, it actuates to disconnect the power supply to primary components including thefirst processor4 for shift to a power supply stop mode. The memory data is being saved by the back-up battery while the power supply is fully disconnected.
• Before disconnection of the power supply, thefirst processor4 however sends a power supply stop display instruction directly or via thesecond processor7 to thedisplay circuit8 for display of an “OFF”sign21 shown inFIG. 5-band then, enters into the power supply stop mode. TheOFF sign21 remains displayed due to the memory effects of thedisplay2 after the power supply is disconnected, thus allowing the operator to distinguish the power supply stop mode from the energy saving mode.
• In the energy saving mode, the operation can be started again by key entry action and thus, the operator will perceive no interruption in the processing action.
• In the power supply stop mode, theOFF sign21 is displayed and the operator can restart the operation in succession with the previous data retrieved from thesecond memory9 by thesecond processor9 when thepower switch20 is turned on. This procedure is similar to that in the conventional “resume” mode.
• The foregoing operation will now be described in more detail referring to a flow chart ofFIG. 6. When thepower switch20 is turned on atStep101, thefirst processor4 starts activating atStep102. The input data given by key entry is transferred from thedata input unit3 to thefirst processor4 atStep103. AtStep104, it is examined whether the duration of no-data entry lasts for a predetermined time or not. If the no-data entry duration t is greater than the predetermined time, the procedure moves to Step105 where the actuation of thesecond processor7 is examined. If thesecond processor7 is in action, the procedure moves back toStep103. If not, the entire apparatus is de-energized, atStep106, and stops actuating atStep107 before restarting withStep101 where thepower supply switch20 is closed.
• If the no-data entry duration t is greater than the predetermined time, but is as short as a few minutes, the procedure is shifted fromStep104 to Step108. When the processing frequency in the first andsecond processors4 and7 is low, the procedure moves fromStep108 to Step109 where a back light is turned off for energy saving.
• If the no-data entry duration t is not greater than the predetermined time, the operation in thefirst processor4 is prosecuted atStep110. Also, it is examined atStep110awhether the data of text is kept displayed throughout a considerable length of time or not. If too long, refreshing action of the data display is executed atStep110bfor prevention of an image burn on the screen. AtStep110c,the processing frequency in thesecond processor7 is examined and if it is high, thesecond processor7 is kept in action atStep110d.If the processing frequency is low, the procedure moves to Step111. When it is determined atStep111 that no further processing in thesecond processor7 is needed, the procedure returns to Step103.
• When further processing in thesecond processor7 is required, the procedure moves fromStep111 to Step112awhere the actuation of thesecond processor7 is examined. If thesecond processor7 is not in action, a start instruction is fed atStep112bto thesecond processor7 which is in turn activated atStep113 by thefirst processor4 and theinterruption controller6. Thesecond processor7 then starts processing action atStep114. If it is determined atStep115 that a change in the text of display is needed, the procedure moves to Step116awhere a display change instruction is supplied to both theinterruption controller6 and thefirst processor4. Then, theinterruption controller6 delivers a display energizing instruction to thedisplay block99 atStep116b.Thedisplay circuit8 is activated atStep116cand the display change on thedisplay2 including the replacement of a regional data with a desired data is carried out atStep117. After the display change is checked atStep118, a display change completion signal is sent to thefirst processor4 atStep117a.When the display change completion signal is accepted atStep117b,thedisplay2 is turned off atStep119.
• If no change in the display text is needed, the procedure moves fromStep115 to Step120 where the completion of the processing in thesecond processor7 is examined. If yes, a processing completion signal is released atStep120a.As a result, thesecond processor7 stops operation atStep121 upon receiving a stop signal produced atStep120band the procedure returns back toStep103.
• FIGS.7-aand7-bare block diagrams of a note-size computer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
• As shown inFIG. 7-a,adata input block97 comprises akeyboard201, acommunication port51 with RS232C, and afloppy disk controller202. Also, ahard disk unit203 is provided separately. Afirst processing block1 is mainly consisted of afirst processor4. Asecond processing block98 contains asecond processor7 which is a CPU arranged for shift to and back from the energy saving mode upon stopping and feeding of a clock signal respectively and is coupled to abus line210. Also, aROM204 for start action, asecond memory9 of DRAM, and abackup RAM205 which is an SRAM for storage of individual data of returning from the resume mode are coupled to thebus line210. Both ends of thebus line210 are connected to thefirst processor4 and adisplay block99 respectively. Thedisplay block99 has agraphic controller206 and a liquidcrystal controller driver207 arranged in a display circuit. There are also provided avideo RAM209 and aliquid crystal display208. For energy saving operation, corresponding components only in the arrangement are activated while the remaining components are de-energized. This energy saving technique is illustrated in more detail in Table 1. In general, input operation for e.g. word processing involves an intermittent action of keyboard entry. Hence, the power supply is connected to every component except the communications I/O unit. While a clock signal is fed to thefirst processing block1, no clock signals are supplied to thesecond processing block98 and thedisplay block99. Power is thus consumed only in thefirst processing block1. If necessary, thesecond block98 and/or thedisplay block99 are activated within a short period of time. If more frequent operations are needed, thesecond processing block98 is kept activated for acceleration of processing speeds.
• When the key entry is absent for a given time, thesecond processing block98 is disconnected and simultaneously, its processing data is stored in a backup memory for retrieval in response to the next key entry.
• FIG. 7-bis similar toFIG. 7-a,except that thefirst processor4 having a lower clock frequency is used as a “monitor” for the total system and the processing will be executed by thesecond processor7 having a higher clock frequency. Thefirst processor4 is adapted for operating an event processing method by which thesecond processor7 is activated for processing action corresponding to data of the keyboard entry. Thesecond processor7 stops operation for the purpose of energy saving when the processing action is finished and remains inactivated until another key entry commences. Thedisplay block99 starts operating in response to a display signal from thesecond processor7 and stops automatically after completion of display. This procedure can be executed with a common operating system similar to any known operating system, thus ensuring high software compatibility. For example, MS-DOS is designed to run with the use of one complete CPU. Hence, the energy saving effect will hardly be expected during operation with conventional application software programs. It is then a good idea that a specific operating system and a corresponding word processing software which are installed in two CPUs are provided in addition to the conventional operating system. Accordingly, a word processing job can be performed using the specific software with the operating system of the present invention and thus, the power consumption will be reduced to less than a tenth or hundredth. Also, general purpose software programs can work with the conventional operating system—although the energy saving effect will be diminished. It would be understood that about 80% of the job on a note-size computer is word processing and the foregoing arrangement can contribute to the energy saving.
• FIG. 7-cis a block diagram of another example according to the first embodiment andFIG. 7-dis a flow chart showing a procedure with the use of a conventional operating system such as MS-DOS. Thesecond processor7 is a CPU capable of holding data from its register and internal RAM during actuation of no clock or de-energization. When key entry is made atStep251, a keyboard code signal from thekeyboard201 is transferred by thefirst processor4 to astart device221 which remains activated, atStep252. AtStep253, thestart device221 delivers a clock signal to amain processor222 which is de-energized. Both of theregister223 and theinternal RAM224 are coupled to a backup source and thus, start operating upon receipt of the clock signal. AtStep254, themain processor222 starts the program which has been on stand-by for key entry. The program is then processed for e.g. word processing according to data of the key entry, atStep255. AtStep257, a display instruction is released for replacement of display text if required atStep256. AtStep258, thegraphic controller206 is activated. The data in thevideo RAM209 is thus rewritten atStep259. After the liquidcrystal controller driver207 is activated atStep261, a desired change in the display text is made on theliquid crystal display208 formed of ferroelectric liquid crystal. Then, thevideo RAM209 is backup energized atStep262 and thedisplay block99 is de-energized, at Step263, thus entering into the energy saving mode. When the processing in thesecond processor7 is completed atStep270, the program stops and moves into a “keyboard entry stand-by” stage atStep271. AtStep272, the data required for re-actuation of theregister223 and the internal RAM234 is saved and thesecond memory9 is backup energized before a clock in the CPU is stopped. Then, thesecond processor7 stops operation, at Step273, thus entering into the energy saving mode. As thestart device221 remains activated, thesecond processor7 stays on stand-by for input through keyboard entry atStep251 or from thecommunications port5. As understood, thestart device221 only is kept activated in thesecond processing block98. The CPU shown inFIG. 7-cprovides backup of registers with its clock unactuated and ensures instant return to operation upon actuation of the clock. As a single unit of the CPU is commonly activated, a conventional operating system can be used with equal success. Also, existing software programs including word processing programs can be processed with less assignment and thus, private data stock will be permitted for optimum use. Consequently, it would be apparent that this method is eligible. In addition, the consumption of electric energy will be much decreased using a technique of direct control of thefirst processor1 on display text change which will be described later with a second embodiment of the present invention. As understood, the resume mode allows most components to remain de-energized when no keyboard entry lasts for a long time.
• As a ferroelectric liquid crystal material has a memory effect, permanent memory results known as protracted metastable phenomenon will appear when the same text is displayed for a longer time. For prevention of such phenomenon, a display change instruction is given to thefirst processor4 and thepower switch20 upon detection with thetimer22 that the display duration exceeds a predetermined time in the energy saving mode or power supply stop mode. Accordingly, thedisplay circuit8 actuates thedisplay2 to change the whole or a part of the display text, whereby permanent memory drawbacks will be eliminated.
• If it is happened that the persistence of such permanent memory effects allows no change in the display text on thedisplay2, the crystalline orientation of liquid crystal is realigned by heating up thedisplay2 with aheater24 triggered by adisplay reset switch23. Then, arbitrary change in the display text on thedisplay2 will be possible.
• Energy saving can be promoted by stopping the clock in thesecond processor7 during the energy saving mode. When more or full energy saving is wanted, the power supply to thesecond processor7 or thedisplay circuit8 is disconnected by theinterruption controller6.
• As understood, the power supply stop mode requires a minimum of power consumption for backup of thesecond memory9.
• As shown inFIG. 1, theback light25 is turned off when the power source is a battery and areflective device27 is activated by areflection circuit26 for display with a reflection mode.
• Thereflective device27 is composed of a film of ferroelectric liquid crystal which provides a transparent mode for transmission of light, as shown inFIG. 8-a,and an opaque mode for reflection as shown inFIG. 8-b,for alternative action.Incoming light32 is reflected on thereflective device27 and runs back as reflectedlight33. At this time, polarization is also effected by the polarizers in thedisplay2 and thereflective device27, whereby the number of components will be reduced. Also, a film-form electrochromic display device may be used for providing a transmission mode and a white diffusion screen mode in which it appears like a sheet of white paper.
• Thereflective device27 may be of fixed type, as shown in FIGS.8-cand8-d,comprising a light transmitting layer composed of lowrefraction transmitting regions28 and highrefraction transmitting regions29 and a reflectinglayer31 havingapertures30 therein.
• As shown inFIG. 8-c,light emitted from theback light25 enters the highrefraction transmitting regions29 where it is fully reflected on the interface between the high and lowrefraction transmitting regions29,28 and passes across theapertures31 to apolarizer plate35. The polarized light is then transmitted to aliquid crystal layer17 for producing optical display with outwardly emitted light.
• During the reflection mode in battery operation, outside light32 passes theliquid crystal layer17 and is reflected by the reflectinglayer31 formed by vapor deposition of aluminum and reflected light33 runs across theliquid crystal layer17 again for providing optical display.
• Thereflective device27 requires no external drive circuit, thus contributing to the simple arrangement of a total system. It is known that such a combination of high and low refraction transmitting regions is easily fabricated by a fused salt immersion method which is commonly used for making refraction distributed lenses.
• Although such a transmission/reflection combination type liquid crystal display is disadvantageous in the quality of a display image as compared with a transmission or reflection speciality type liquid crystal display, the foregoing switching between transmission and reflection allows display of as good an image as of the speciality type display in both the transmission and reflection modes. This technique is thus suited to two-source, battery and AC application.
• When the external power source is connected, theback light25 is lit upon receiving an instruction from thefirst processor4 which also delivers a transmission instruction to thereflection circuit26 and thus, thereflective device27 becomes transparent simultaneously. Accordingly, transmitting light can illuminate the display as shown inFIG. 8-a.
• When the battery is connected, thefirst processor4 delivers a reflection signal to thereflection circuit26 and thereflective device27 becomes opaque to cause reflection and diffusion. As a result, the display is made by reflected outside light as shown inFIG. 8-bwhile an amount of electric energy required for actuation of theback light25 is saved.
• Also, the same result as shown in FIGS.8-cand8-dmay be provided with the use of a transmittingreflective plate34 which is formed of a metal plate, e.g. of aluminum, having a multiplicity of tapered round apertures therein, as illustrated in FIGS.8-eand8-f.
• As set forth above, the CPU in this arrangement provides intermittent actuation in response to the intermittent key entry and the average power consumption of the apparatus will be declined to an appreciable rate.
• Also, the text remains on display during the operation and thus, the operator can perceive no sign of abnormality when the processing unit is inactivated. More particularly, a great degree of energy saving will be ensured without affecting the operability.
• More particularly, each key entry action takes several tens of milliseconds while the average of CPU processing durations in word processing is about tens to hundreds of microseconds. Hence, the CPU is activated 1/100 to 1/1000 of the key entry action time for accomplishing the task and its energy consumption will thus be reduced in proportion. However, while the energy consumption of the CPU is reduced to 1/1000, 1/10 to 1/20 of the overall consumption remains intact because the display unit consumes about 10 to 20%, namely 0.5 to 1 W, of the entire power requirement. According to the present invention, the display unit employs a memory effect display device provided with e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystal and thus, its power consumption will be minimized through intermittent activation as well as the CPU.
• As the result, the overall power consumption during mainly key entry operation for e.g. word processing will be reduced to 1/100 to 1/1000.
Embodiment 2
• FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
• In the second embodiment, thefirst processor4 is improved in the operational capability and thesecond processor7 of which energy requirement is relatively great is reduced in the frequency of actuation so that energy saving can be encouraged.
• As shown inFIG. 9, the arrangement of the second embodiment is distinguished from that of the first embodiment by having asignal line97 for transmission of a display instruction signal from thefirst processing block1 to thedisplay block99. In operation, thefirst processor4 of thefirst processing block1 delivers a display change signal to thedisplay circuit8 of thedisplay block99 for change of the display text on thedisplay2. As understood, thesecond processor7 delivers such a display change signal to thedisplay circuit8 according to the first embodiment.
• FIG. 10-ais a block diagram showing in more detail the connection of thefirst processor4, in which thefirst memory5 comprises afirst font ROM40 for storage of dot patterns of alphabet and Japanese character fonts or the like in a ROM, animage memory41, and ageneral memory42.
• As shown inFIG. 10b,thesecond memory9 may contain asecond font ROM43 which serves as a font memory.
• In operation, a series of simple actions for display text change can be executed using thefirst processor4. Character codes are produced in response to the key entry and font patterns corresponding to the character codes are read from the first40 orsecond font memory43 for display on thedisplay2 after passing thedisplay circuit8. Thesecond memory9 may also contain a secondgeneral memory44.
• During input of a series of data characters which requires no large scale of processing, thefirst processor4 having less energy requirement is actuated for operation of the display text change. If large scale of processing is needed, thesecond processor7 is then utilized. Accordingly, the frequency of actuation of thesecond processor7 is minimized and energy saving will be guaranteed. Also, as shown inFIG. 11, the memory size of thefirst memory5 can be decreased because of retrieval of font patterns from thesecond font ROM43 of thesecond memory9.
• The operation according to the second embodiment will now be described in more detail referring to flow charts of FIGS.11-aand11-b.FIG. 11-ais substantially similar toFIG. 6 which shows a flow chart in the first embodiment.
• A difference is that as thefirst processor4 directly actuates thedisplay circuit8, astep130 and adisplay flow chart131 are added. When thefirst processor4 judges that the display is to be changed inStep130 and that a desired data for replacement in the display text is simple enough to be processed by thefirst processor4 atStep111, the procedure moves to thedisplay flow chart131. Thedisplay flow chart131 will now be described briefly. It starts withStep132 where thedisplay block99 is activated. AtStep133, the display text is changed and the change is examined atStep133. After the confirmation of the completion of the text change atStep134, thedisplay block99 is de-energized atStep135 and the procedure returns back toStep103 for stand-by for succeeding data input.FIG. 11-billustrates thestep133 in more detail. After thedisplay block99 is activated, atStep132, by a start instruction from thefirst processing block1, the movement of a cursor with no restriction is examined atStep140. If yes, data input throughout the cursor movement is executed atStep141. If not, it is then examined whether the desired input area on thedisplay2 is occupied by existing data or not atStep142. This procedure can be carried out by reading the data in theimage memory41 with thefirst processor4. If no, partial text replacement with desired data is executed atStep143. If yes, the procedure moves to Step144 where the existing data in the input area of thedisplay block99 is checked using theimage memory41 and examined whether it is necessarily associated or not with the desired data to be input. If no, overwriting of the desired data is executed atStep143. If yes, the existing data is retrieved from theimage memory41 or read from thesecond font ROM9 and coupled with the desired data for composition, atStep145. AtStep146, it is examined whether a black/white inversion mode is involved or not. If yes, the data is displayed in reverse color atStep147. If no, the text change with the composite data is carried out atStep148. Then, the completion of the text change is confirmed atStep134 and thedisplay block99 is turned off atStep99.
• For a more particular explanation, the processing action of corresponding components when the key entry is made is illustrated inFIG. 12. When the key entry with “I” is conducted at t1 as shown inFIG. 12-e,thefirst processor4 shifts input data into a letter “I” code, reads a font pattern of the letter code from thefirst font ROM40 shown inFIG. 10, and actuates the display circuit for display of the letter “I” on thedisplay2. With the memory effect display having ferroelectric crystal liquid, partial replacement in a character can be made. The partial replacement is feasible in two different manners; one for change dot by dot and the other for change of a vertical or horizontal line of dots at once. The dot-by-dot change is executed with less energy requirement but at a higher voltage, thus resulting in high cost. The line change has to be done in the group of dots at once even when one dot only is replaced but at relatively lower voltages. Both manners in this embodiment will now be explained.
• When the horizontal andvertical drivers11,12 shown inFIG. 3 accept higher voltages, it is possible to fill the dots forming the letter “I” one by one. Accordingly, the letter “I” can be displayed by having a font data of a corresponding character pattern supplied from thefirst processor4. However, ICs accepting such a high voltage are costly. It is thus desired for cost saving that the operating voltage is low. It is now understood that every data processing apparatus is preferably arranged, in view of capability of up-to-date semiconductors, for providing line-by-line text change operation.
• It is also necessary that thefirst memory5 of thefirst processor4 carries at least data of one text line.
• For Japanese characters, the one text line data is equal to 640×24 dots. The writing of the letter “I” thus involves replacement of 24 of 640-dot lines.
• In operation, the previous data of a target line is retrieved from theimage memory41 of thefirst memory5 and also, the pattern data of the letter “I” is read from thefirst font ROM40. Then, the two data are combined together to a composite data which is then fed to thedisplay circuit8 for rewriting of one text line on thedisplay2. Simultaneously, the same data is stored into theimage memory41. The input of “I” is now completed.
• None of thefirst font ROM40 and theimage memory41 is needed when thesecond font ROM43 is employed for the same operation, which is capable of processing coded data. In particular, the same text line can be expressed with about 40 of 2-byte characters and thus, 40×2=80 bytes per line. Therefore, thefirst memory5 may carry coded data of the entire screen image.
• During the processing of data input “I” in either of the two foregoing manners, thesecond processor7 provides no processing action as shown inFIG. 12-c.
• Similarly, a series of key inputs are prosecuted by thefirst processor4, “space” at t2, “L” at t3, “i” at t4, “v” at t5, and “e” at t6. Although thefirst processor4 is much slower in the processing speed than thesecond processor7, the replacement of one text line on display can be pursued at an acceptable speed with less energy consumption.
• As shown inFIG. 12, t7 represents the key input of an instruction for processing a large amount of data, e.g. spelling check in word processing, translation from Japanese to English, conversion of Japanese characters into Chinese characters, or calculation of chart data.
• When thefirst processor4 determines that the processing at thesecond processor7 is needed, thesecond processor7 is turned on at t71. The start-up of thesecond processor7 is the same as ofEmbodiment 1. As shown inFIG. 12-c,thesecond processor7 upon being activated at t71 returns to the original state prior to interruption and starts processing the data of text lines fed from thefirst processor4. As the processing is prosecuted, each character of changed text is displayed on thedisplay2 through thedisplay circuit8 as shown at t72 inFIG. 12-d.
• This procedure will now be explained in the form of data entry for translation from Japanese to English. After the letter k is input at t1, as shown inFIG. 12-f,and displayed on the screen, as shown inFIG. 12-h.Then, the letter a is input at t2 and the display reads “ka” as shown inFIG. 12-h.
• By then, thesecond processor7 remains inactivated as shown inFIG. 12-c.When a key of translating conversion is pressed at t7, thesecond processor7 starts processing at t71. Accordingly, the Japanese paragraph “kareha” is translated to “He is” in English. The resultant data is sent to thedisplay circuit8 for dot-by-dot replacement for display.
• Now, the display reads “He is” as shown inFIG. 12-h.The dot-by-dot character replacement shown inFIG. 12-grequires less electric energy than the text line replacement shown inFIG. 12-d.
• For the purpose of saving energy during the movement of the cursor, the black/white inversion or negative mode is used as shown in FIGS.13-aand13-b.This however increases the power consumption in the line replacement. When a bar between the lines is used for display of the cursor as shown in FIGS.13-cand13-d,the replacement of the full line is not needed and thus, energy saving will be expected. Also, the speed of processing is increased and the response will speed up during processing with the low speedfirst processor4. This advantage is equally undertaken in the dot-by-dot replacement.
• As shown inFIG. 14-a,the movement of the cursor is expressed by the bar. For ease of viewing, the bar may be lit at intervals by means of control with thefirst processor4. When a key data input is given, a corresponding character is displayed in the reverse color as shown inFIG. 14-b.This technique will also reduce the energy consumption at least during the cursor movement.
• FIGS.14-ato14-gillustrate the steps of display corresponding to t1 to t7.FIG. 14-hshows the conversion of the input text.
• FIGS.15-ato15-fshows the insertion of a word during dot-by-dot replacement. It is necessary with the use of thesecond font ROM43 in the arrangement shown inFIG. 10 that the data of one text line is saved in theimage memory41 because thefirst font ROM40 does not carry all the Chinese characters. When the cursor moves backward as shown in FIGS.15-cand15-d,the letter n is called back from theimage memory41. Accordingly, the data prior to insertion can be restored without the use of thesecond processor7 or the secondfront ROM43 as shown inFIG. 15-d.
• FIGS.16-ato16-gshow the copy of a sentence “He is a man”. The procedure fromFIG. 16-atoFIG. 16-fcan be carried out with thefirst processor4. The step ofFIG. 16-ginvolves an insertion action which is executed by thesecond processor7.
• According to the second embodiment, most of the job which is processed by thesecond processor7 in the first embodiment is executed by the low power consumingfirst processor4. Thereby, the average energy consumption will be much lower than that of the first embodiment.
• The optimum of a job sharing ratio between the first andsecond processors4 and7 may vary depending on particulars of a program for e.g. word processing or chart calculation. Hence, a share of thefirst processor4 in operation of a software program can be controlled by adjustment on the program so as to give an optimum balance between the energy consumption and the processing speed. Also, avideo memory82 may be provided in thedisplay block99 for connection via a connecting line96 with thefirst processor4. This allows the data prior to replacement to be stored in thevideo memory82 and thus, theimage memory41 shown inFIG. 10-awill be eliminated.
Embodiment 3
• FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention. The difference of the third embodiment from the first and second embodiments will now be described. As shown inFIG. 1, the first embodiment has the displaystart instruction line81 along which both a start instruction and a stop instruction are transferred from thefirst processing block1 to thedisplay block99 while equal instructions are transferred by thestart instruction line80 from the same to thesecond processing block98.
• The third embodiment contains no display startinstruction line81 to thedisplay block99 as shown inFIG. 18. Also, thestart instruction line80 of the third embodiment allows only a start instruction but not a stop instruction to be transmitted from thefirst processing block1 to thesecond processing block98.
• Thesecond processor7 stops itself upon finishing the processing and enters into the energy saving mode. When thesecond processor7 determines that the display change is needed, it delivers a display start instruction via a data line84 to thedisplay block99 which is then activated. After the display change on thedisplay2 is completed, thedisplay block99 stops operation and enters into the display energy saving mode. This procedure will be explained in more detail using a flow chart ofFIG. 19. The flow chart is composed of a firstprocessing step group151, a secondprocessing step group152, and a thirdprocessing step group153. At first, the difference of this flow chart will be described in respect to the sequence from start to stop of thesecond processing block98.
• There is no control flow from the secondprocessing step group152 of thesecond processing block98 to the firstprocessing step group151, unlike the flow chart of the first embodiment shown inFIG. 6. More specifically, thefirst processor4 delivers, atStep112, a start instruction to thesecond processor7 which is then activated. This step is equal to that of the first embodiment. However, thesecond processor7 is automatically inactivated atStep121, as compared with de-energization by an instruction from thefirst processor4 in the first embodiment. AtStep103, thesecond processor7 is turned to a data input stand-by state.
• The difference will further be described in respect to the sequence from start to stop of thedisplay block99.
• In the first embodiment, a display start instruction to thedisplay block99 is given by thesecond processor7 after completion of display data processing. According to the third embodiment, the start instruction is delivered by thesecond processing block98 to thedisplay block99, atStep115ashown inFIG. 19. Then, thedisplay block99 is activated atStep116 and the display change is conducted atStep117. After the display change is examined atStep118, thedisplay block99 stops itself atStep119.
• As understood, the third embodiment which is similar in the function to the first embodiment provides the self-controlled de-energization of both thesecond processing block98 and thedisplay block99.
• Also, a start instruction to thedisplay block99 is given by thesecond processing block98. Accordingly, the task of thefirst processing block1 is lessened, whereby the overall processing speed will be increased and the arrangement itself will be facilitated.
Embodiment 4
• FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which an energy saving manner is disclosed with the use of an input/output port for communications with the outside. A data processing apparatus of the fourth embodiment incorporates an input/output unit50 mounted in itsdata input block97. The input/output unit50 contains acommunications port51 and anexternal interface52. In operation, theunit50 performs actions as shown in a timing chart ofFIG. 21 which is similar to the timing chart of key data entry shown inFIG. 12. When a series of inputs from the communications port are introduced at t1 to t74, as shown inFIG. 21-a,the input/output unit50 delivers corresponding signals to thefirst processing block1. Thefirst processor4 sends an input data at t1 to thedisplay circuit8 which in turn actuates, as shown inFIG. 21-d,for display of a data string as illustrated inFIG. 21-e.If an input at t7 is bulky, thesecond processor7 is activated at t71 as shown inFIG. 21-c.
• Thesecond processor7 delivers a start instruction at t72 to thedisplay circuit8 which is then actuated for data replacement on thedisplay2. If the input through the communications port is not bulky, it is processed in thefirst processor4 or the input/output unit50 while thesecond processor7 remains inactivated. Accordingly, energy saving during the input and output action will be ensured.
Embodiment 5
• FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which asolar battery60 is added as an extra power source. Thefirst processor4 operates at low speeds thus consuming a small amount of electric energy. Accordingly, the apparatus can be powered by thesolar battery60. While the action is almost equal to that of the first embodiment, the solar battery however stops power supply when the amount of incident light is decreased considerably. If the supply is stopped, it is shifted to from the source61. When no key entry is made throughout a length of time and no power supply from thesolar battery60 is fed, the source stop mode is called for as shown inFIG. 23-b.Thefirst processor4 saves processing data into thefirst memory5 and then, stops operation. Thus, the power consumption will be reduced. When a power supply from thesolar battery60 is fed again at t71 or another key input data is fed from thedata input unit3, thefirst processor4 starts actuating for performance of an equal action from t72.
• One example of the start procedure of thefirst processor4 will now be described. As shown inFIG. 24, akey input device62 of thedata input unit3 feeds a voltage from thebattery64 to ahold circuit63. Thehold circuit63 upon pressing of a key connects the power source to thefirst processor4 for energization. Simultaneously, thekey input device62 transfers a key input data to thefirst processor4 and processing will start.
• Each key of thekey input device62 may have a couple of switches; one for power supply and the other for data entry.
• Accordingly, as the solar battery is equipped, the power consumption will be minimized and the operating life of the apparatus will last much longer.
• Thesolar battery60, which becomes inactive when no incoming light falls, may be mounted on the same plane as of thedisplay2 so that no display is made including text and keyboard when thesolar battery60 is inactivated.
• Hence, no particular trouble will arise in practice. In case of word processing in the dark e.g. during projection of slide pictures in a lecture, a key entry action triggers thehold circuit3 for actuation of thefirst processor4.
• As the data processing apparatus of the fifth embodiment provides more energy saving, it may be realized in the form of a note-size microcomputer featuring no battery replacement for years. Also, the first and second processors in any of the first to fifth embodiments may be integrated to a single unit as shown inFIG. 25.
• It was found through experiments of simulative calculation conducted by us that the average power consumption during a word processing program was reduced from 5 w of a reference value to as small as several hundredths of a watt when the present invention was associated. This means that a conventional secondary cell lasts hundreds of hours and a primary cell, e.g. a highly efficient lithium cell, lasts more than 1000 hours. In other words, a note-size computer will be available which lasts, like a pocket calculator, over one year in use of 5-hour a day without replacement of batteries. As understood, intensive attempts at higher-speed operation and more-pixel display are concurrently being prosecuted and also, troublesome recharging of rechargeable batteries needs to be avoided. The present invention is intended to free note-size computers from tangling cords and time-consuming rechargers.
• The advantages of high speed and high resolution attributed to ferroelectric liquid crystal materials have been known.
• The present invention in particular focuses more attention on the energy saving effects of the ferroelectric liquid crystal which have been less regarded.
• No such approach has been previously made. The energy saving effects will surely contribute to low power requirements of portable data processing apparatuses such as note-size computers.
• Although the embodiments of the present invention employ a display device of ferroelectric liquid crystal for utilization of memory effects, other memory devices of smectic liquid crystal or electrochromic material will be used with equal success. The liquid crystal display is not limited to a matrix drive as described and may be driven by a TFT drive system.

Claims (5)

1-7. (canceled)

8. A portable data processing apparatus comprising:

a liquid crystal display unit;

a data input unit operable to input external data into said portable data processing apparatus; and

a control unit operable to detect whether a data entry from said data input unit is absent for a predetermined amount of time,

wherein, when data entry from said data input unit is absent for the predetermined time or longer, said control unit stops a supply of power to said liquid crystal display unit, and after stopping the supply of power to said liquid crystal display unit, said control unit shuts off a supply of power to said portable data processing apparatus.

9. A portable data processing apparatus according toclaim 8, further comprising a back light.

10. A portable data processing apparatus according toclaim 9, wherein said control unit stops a supply of power to said back light before stopping the supply of power to said liquid crystal display unit.

11. A portable data processing apparatus according toclaim 8, wherein said liquid crystal display unit is a transmission/reflection combination type liquid crystal display unit.

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