US20050165773A1 - Executing dynamically assigned functions while providing services - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, systems, and computer program products for applying actions during server system processing. Functional processing blocks where actions may be applied to a service request are identified. Actions are dynamically associated with functional processing blocks. During execution of a functional processing block, a check is performed to determine whether an action is associated with the functional processing block. If an action is associated with a functional processing block, the action is applied during the functional processing block's execution. An evaluation may be performed to determine if an action should be applied before or after the functional processing block. The server system may comprise an XML data repository, providing access to XML data, based on identity information which is received with a client system request. A portion of the server system may be described in accordance with an XML schema.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• The present application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/062,045, filed Jan. 31, 2002, entitled “Executing Dynamically Assigned Functions while Providing Services”. That application claims priority from co-pending U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/275,809, filed Mar. 14, 2001 and entitled “Identity-Based Service Communication Using XML Messaging Interfaces”, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. The Field of the Invention
• The present invention relates to the field of computer services. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods, systems, and computer program products for applying one or more functions during processing that may occur in a server providing one or more services.
• 2. Background and Relevant Art
• Typically, before being deployed in a live system, services undergo significant testing to uncover programming errors and to evaluate performance. While useful, such testing often is able only to estimate full-scale use. As a result, certain program errors or performance problems may go undetected in development or testing environments. Finding these latent problems usually involves monitoring the operation of a service in one form or another. Furthermore, independent of programming errors or unexpected performance considerations, monitoring a service may be helpful in uncovering hardware failures and system attacks.
• However, monitoring services for purposes of debugging, performance, hardware problems, system attacks, and the like, often involves various complex issues. For example, services by nature tend to be accessed by large numbers of clients. The shear volume of transactions can make monitoring services a significant exercise. Moreover, monitoring itself may introduce some amount of processing overhead. While the overhead for a single transaction is relatively small, the aggregate overhead for a large number of transactions may result in unacceptable levels of performance and skew any conclusions that are reached from the monitoring.
• As a general rule, discovering problems through monitoring is an iterative process. For example, as noted above, it may be impractical to produce all possible monitoring information at all times, either due to the amount of monitoring information that will be produced or due to the negative effect that such monitoring may have on overall system performance. Therefore, monitoring often begins by detecting some type of high-level irregularity. Once discovered, the high-level irregularity may lead to more specific monitoring of increasingly specific processing or functionality until the problem's cause is discovered and corrected. After a particular problem is corrected, monitoring often returns back to the high-level system view.
• In some systems, the iterative process of moving back and forth between high-level system monitoring and relatively lower level monitoring of specific service processing or functionality may require shutting services and/or servers down and restarting them. Furthermore, certain monitoring tools may require significant expertise to use, including programming skills. For many, the level of skill required may reduce the effectiveness of a particular monitoring tool or prevent its use all together. Also, monitoring tools are often specific to the environment in which they run, requiring administrators of heterogeneous systems to use different monitoring tools for each distinct system. Accordingly, methods, systems, and computer program products are desired for dynamically applying a function during any of various processing steps that may occur in providing a service to a client system.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention extends to methods, systems and computer products for dynamically executing one or more functions at any of one or more processing steps that may occur in providing a service to a client system. In one embodiment, executing the one or more functions during identified processing steps provides significant flexibility for dynamically monitoring the operation of the service being analyzed. By identifying particular processing steps that are executed during operation of the service, specific functions may be designated for execution when the processing steps occur. These specific functions are dynamically associated with the processing steps so that the type and extent of monitoring can be adjusted quickly to allow for rapid and efficient problem diagnosis.
• As a processing step executes, a check is performed to determine if an operation or action is associated with the processing step. This may include evaluating whether an associated operation should be performed before the processing step or after the processing step. Then, for processing steps with an associated operation, the operation is applied in conjunction with the execution of the processing step. Typically, the processing steps are related to processing requests from clients systems that are directed to a service. In these circumstances, request for the service is received, a response to the request is generated, and the response is sent to the client.
• The response and request may be organized hierarchically within a network message. One popular hierarchical organization uses eXtensible Markup Language (“XML”) formatted data, with network messages being based on Simple Object Access Protocol (“SOAP”). Although binary data is contrary to the XML standard, the invention may include binary data within the hierarchical organization. For example, it may be desirable to attach certain debugging or diagnostic information to a request or response, and a binary format may be a convenient representation for that information.
• Functions associated with processing steps may be predefined or custom, depending on monitoring needs or wants. Predefined functions are advantageous because certain operations or actions are likely to be commonly used in many monitoring scenarios and therefore predefined functions may provide enhanced value. By allowing for custom functions, individual monitoring circumstances may be addressed in a meaningful way. Describing at least a portion of the server system in terms of a hierarchical organization may add to the flexibility of custom functions and provide a mechanism for writing monitoring functions that are useful across multiple operating platforms. Here again, an organization based on XML may be desirable given the popularity and flexibility of the language.
• Typical operations for functions may include a logging function and a filtering function. In general, logging functions write certain information to a log of some sort for analysis. Filtering functions may be used to end processing of a request and send a response to the requesting client. Among other things, logging and filtering may be useful in monitoring error conditions that occur while processing a client's request.
• Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the invention can be obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered as limiting its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example server system embodiment that operates in accordance with the present invention;
• FIG. 2A shows an example XML document corresponding to the example XML schema ofFIG. 2B;
• FIG. 2B illustrates an example XML schema corresponding to the example XML document ofFIG. 2A;
• FIG. 3A shows an example XML document corresponding to the example xPath statement ofFIG. 3B;
• FIG. 3B illustrates an example xPath statement corresponding to the example XML document ofFIG. 3A;
• FIG. 4A depicts the hierarchy of an example SOAP message;
• FIG. 4B shows the request portion of an overall example hierarchy illustrated inFIG. 5;
• FIG. 4C shows the response portion of an overall example hierarchy illustrated inFIG. 5;
• FIG. 5 shows a more complete portion of a hierarchal organization for message processing corresponding to the example server system embodiment ofFIG. 1;
• FIG. 6 illustrates an example organization for assigning functions to processing steps in accordance with the present invention;
• FIGS. 7A-7B show a flowchart of a method for executing one or more functions at any of one or ore processing steps in accordance with the present invention; and
• FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary system that provides a suitable operating environment for the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for applying one or more operations or actions during the processing that may occur in a server providing one or more services. Through the identification of discrete processing steps that are executed while a service operates, specific operations may be executed along with each processing step. These operations are dynamically associated with the processing steps such that as a processing step executes, a check is performed to determine if any operations exists for the processing step. For processing steps that include an operation, the operation is applied during execution of the processing step.
• Embodiments within the scope of the present invention may comprise one or more special purpose and/or one or more general purpose computers including various computer hardware, as discussed in greater detail below. Embodiments within the scope of the present invention also include computer-readable media for carrying or having computer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise physical storage media such as RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer properly views the connection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions.
• FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an example server system that operates in accordance with the present invention. The server system uses several distinct processing layers in processing arequest101afrom a client, including a parse layer, a security layer, a cryptography layer and a service layer. Each of these layers is divided into a request processing component and a response processing component. There are corresponding response and request components for each layer. Note, however, that the present invention is not necessarily limited to any particular process layering or component division.
• On therequest101a, an incoming request first passes through parsecomponent120a. For example, parsecomponent120amay be used to parse arequest101athat includes XML data, such as theXML document200A shown inFIG. 2A. By way of background, XML is a markup language that provides for data typing and namespaces. ForXML document200A, the default namespace is “x-schema:classSchema.xml”201A(1). This informs the parser to validate the document against the schema “x-schema” at the URL “classSchema.xml.”
• FIG. 2B shows the entire schema for the document ofFIG. 2A. The top level of the schema is <Schema> </Schema>element pair200B that contains the declaration of the schema namespace and, in this case, the declaration of the “datatypes” namespace as well. The first, “xmlns=“urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-data”,”200B(1) indicates that this XML document is an XML Schema. The second, “xmlns:dt=“urn:schemas-microsoft-com:datatypes”,”200B(2) allows for typing element and attribute content by using a “dt” prefix on the type attribute within their ElementType and AttributeType declarations.
• “ElementType” assigns a type and conditions to an element, and what, if any, child elements it can contain; “AttributeType” assigns a type and conditions to an attribute; “attribute” declares that a previously defined attribute type can appear within the scope of the named ElementType element; and “element” declares that a previously defined element type can appear within the scope of the named ElementType element. The content of the schema begins with the AttributeType and ElementType declarations of the innermost elements, namely:

  <AttributeType  name=‘studentID’  dt:type=‘string’  required=‘yes’/>

  220B(1);

  <ElementType name=‘name’ content=‘textOnly’/>

  200B.1; and

  <ElementType name=‘GPA’ content=‘textOnly’ dt:type=‘float’/>

  	200B.2.

• The next ElementType declaration is followed by its attribute and child elements. When an element has attributes or child elements, they are in its ElementType declaration. They also are previously declared in their own ElementType or AttributeType declaration. In particular,

  	<ElementType name=‘student’ content=‘mixed’>	220B;

  	<attribute type=‘studentID’/>	220B(1)’;
  	<element type=‘name’/>	220B.1’;
  	<element type=‘GPA’/>	220B.2’; and

  	</ElementType>	220B.

• The process is continued throughout the rest of the schema until every element and attribute has been declared:

  	<ElementType name=‘class’ content=‘eltOnly’>	201B;

  <element type=‘student’/>

  ;

  	</ElementType>	201B.

• Notice that the reference numbers for the XML document shown inFIG. 2A correspond to the schema declarations inFIG. 2B. Specifically,

  	<class xmlns=“x-schema:classSchema.xml”>	201A;

  <student studentID=“13429”>

  220A;

  	<name>James Smith</name>	220A.1;
  	<GPA>3.8</GPA>	220A.2;

  </student>

  220A;

  	</class>	201A.

• Theexample XML document300A inFIG. 3A will be used in conjunction with thexPath statement300B shown inFIG. 3B. In general, xPath uses abstract document relationships in identifying parts of a document. For example, thexPath statement300B locates Smith's numbers within theXML document300A. Similar toFIGS. 2A and 2B, notice that the reference numbers for theXML document300A ofFIG. 3A correspond toxPath statement300B ofFIG. 3B.
• Specifically, the “/descendant::contact”portion301B of thexPath statement300B maps to descendants of the <contact> </contact>tag pair301A. The “[name=“Smith”]”portion320B selects the “<name> Smith</name>”320A contact entry, and the “/child::numbers”portion340B selects the <numbers> </numbers> children ofcontact301A. “/child::*” identifies the specific children (i.e., “<home> 801-555-1234</home>”340A.1 and “<cell> 801-555-4321</cell>”340A.2) that are of interest. (The star or asterisk is a wildcard indicating that all children are of interest.)
• Referring back toFIG. 1, parsecomponent120aincludes beforefunctions122athat are executed prior to parsecomponent120aand afterfunctions124athat are executed after parsecomponent120a.Path120cshows that processing may proceed to parse120bon the response side following the operation of parsecomponent120a. Proceeding to parse120bfollowing parse120amay be the result of a parse error or may be dictated by beforefunctions122aor afterfunctions124a, in which case it makes little sense to continue on tosecurity130a. For example, after at least some parsing, afterfunctions124amay be able to determine that some problem exists with therequest101a. Afterfunctions124amay determine thatrequest101ais part of a denial of service attack or thatrequest101aincludes content or originates from a source that is blocked for some reason, such as inappropriate material or spam.
• Parsecomponent120amay indicate that processing should continue withsecurity component130a.Security component130adetermines the identity associated with therequest101a. In one embodiment, this involves determining an application identifier, a user identifier, and a platform identifier forrequest101a, because the service layer provides storage and access to data that is identity specific. For example, a user may access the service layer for email, calendar items, contacts, etc., using both a PC and a handheld device. The security layer, andsecurity component130a, determines the appropriate identity so that data and operations are appropriate to the device being used for access. Similarly, different users may be allowed different access to the same data. For example, an owner might be able to add, delete, and modify data, whereas a delegate may only have read privileges. The type of access permitted is controlled by role list database that contains various rules for determining access rights. Nevertheless, as noted the present invention does not necessarily require a security layer, and if one is present, it need not operate assecurity component130a. A failure in the security layer may result in proceeding alongpath130cor assigning default access privileges.
• It may seem somewhat redundant to allow for both afterfunctions124ain parsecomponent120aand beforefunctions132ainsecurity component130a. However, because processing may proceed alongpath120c, functions132awill not necessarily be invoked for arequest101a. Further, associating functions closely with a particular layer provides for greater clarity as to when the function will be executed. A similar analysis holds true for afterfunctions134bofsecurity component130band beforefunctions122bof parsecomponent120b. It should be emphasized, nevertheless, that the present invention does not necessarily require the specific association of functions with processing steps that is shown inFIG. 1. Therefore, the assignment of functions to processing steps should be interpreted broadly to cover a wide range of function associations. Fromsecurity component130a, processing proceeds to eithersecurity component130bor to cryptography component140a.
• Similar to other components, cryptography component140aincludes beforefunctions142aand afterfunctions144a. Cryptography component140ais responsible for any decryption that is needed forrequest101a. In one embodiment, request101ais a Simple Object Access Protocol (“SOAP”) request, conforming to thehierarchy400A illustrated inFIG. 4A. Basically, a SOAP message includes anenvelope420A with a header420A.1 and a body420A.2, where theenvelope420A is at theroot level401A.
• FIG. 4B shows the request portion andFIG. 4C shows the response portion of an overall example hierarchy illustrated inFIG. 5. Here too, references have been selected so that corresponding portions areFIGS. 4A, 4B, and4C are similarly numbered. The example hierarchy illustrated inFIG. 5 will be described in greater detail below. It should be noted that inFIG. 4B, envelope420B is at therequest level401B (rather than the root level) and that therequest level401B includesadditional information440B. Envelope420B continues to include header420B.1 and body420B.2. Likewise, inFIG. 4C,envelope420C is at theresponse level401C (rather than the root level) and theresponse level401C includesadditional information440C.Envelope420C continues to include header420C.1 and body420C.2.
• Adding therequest level401B and theresponse level401C removes ambiguity from thesingle root level401A that is illustrated inFIG. 4A. As a result, it is clear whether a locator statement such as an xPath statement references arequest101aorresponse101b(both ofFIG. 1), without the need to determine the processing context of the xPath statement. Theadditional information440B and440C may be used to store information that may be helpful in monitoring a service. The additional information may comprise binary data, including a data structure or data object. For example,additional information440C may contain a detailed error chain. The present invention is not limited to any particular type or format of additional information.
• Returning now toFIG. 1, the body of a SOAP request is encrypted, so cryptography component140aperforms the necessary decryption. Those of skill in the art will recognize that there is not much value to parsing an encrypted SOAP body. Therefore, parse120amay be limited initially to those portions ofrequest101athat are not encrypted. Then, following cryptography140a, parsecomponent120amay continue with the decrypted portions ofrequest101a. At this point, it is worth noting that the flow from layer to layer need not be strictly sequential to fall within the scope of the present invention. A cryptography failure will result in proceeding with processing alongpath140c.
• Following cryptography140a, processing proceeds to service150aand beforefunctions152aand afterfunctions154a. Service150arepresents the processing that carries out the methods that may be included withrequest101a. For example, request101amay attempt to query, insert, replace, update or delete data maintained byservice150a, such as email, calendar items, contacts, spreadsheet, word processing documents, or the like. Although described as a data store that is manipulated with XML, the present invention is not necessarily limited to any particular type or service, or any particular access mechanism for identity-specific data.
• Turning next to the processing forresponse101b,service component150bprepares an appropriate response to the methods that may be included withrequest101a. For example a response may include data that is queried or indicate whether an insert, update, replace, or delete operation was successful or failed. Failures may include error codes of some sort, with more substantial debugging or error information in the response'sadditional information440C (FIG. 4C).Service component150bincludes beforefunctions152band afterfunctions154b. Notice that the ordering of the before functions and after functions on the response side is opposite the ordering on the request side because the flow from layer to layer is reversed.
• Cryptography component140bfollowsservice component150borpath140cfrom cryptography140a. As indicated earlier, the body of a SOAP message is encrypted. Forresponse101b, the cryptography layer, andcryptography component140bin particular, performs the encryption. Note thatservice component150bandcryptography component140bessentially perform analogous or complementary functionality for thecorresponding service component150aand cryptography component140aof the respective layers.
• The present invention, however, does not necessary require analogous or complementary functionality in each layer. For example, there is no analogous or complementary functionality provided bysecurity130b. Nevertheless, it may still be desirable to allow for beforefunctions132band afterfunctions134b, whether processing flowed fromcryptography component140bor fromsecurity component130athroughprocessing path130c.
• Likesecurity component130b, there is no analogous or complementary function of parsecomponent120ato be performed by parsecomponent120b. Still, beforefunctions122band afterfunctions124bmay provide desirable functionality in some circumstances. Both parsecomponent120bandsecurity component130bmay simply pass whatever is present inresponse101bto the next level.
• At this stage, it may be worth identifying some types of functions that may be applicable to each processing layer. Two examples of commonly applicable functions are logging and filtering. Logging is generally associated with monitoring, although not exclusively so. For performance, debugging, identifying hardware problems, detecting system attacks, and the like, logging may provide valuable information for each layer (both prior to and following execution of the layer). Filtering relates to terminating further processing, usually with respect to a request. Filtering might include detecting a denial of service attack or other type of attack, preventing access to certain content, such as pornographic material, stopping spam or other unsolicited interaction, or the like.
• FIG. 5 shows a more complete portion of a hierarchal organization for message processing corresponding to the example server system embodiment ofFIG. 1.Server501 identifies at least one server that is responsible for providing one or more services. Note thatserver501 provides services for messages directed to myInbox (540), messages directed to myCalendar (560), and messages directed to other services. In some circumstances it may be desirable for a single server to provide multiple services whereas in other circumstances it may be desirable for a server to provide only one service. In addition, a single server may be made up of multiple computers and multiple servers may be used to provide a single service. The present invention does not require any particular hardware configurations and each of the foregoing examples, including combinations thereof, is an example of a server system and should be included within the scope of the present invention.
• Server501 includes various status indicators520, including alarms520.1 and timers520.2. These status indicators may be used by any of the processing layers shown inFIG. 1. Within myInbox540, service configuration520.3 and system document520.4 contain configuration information, security information, identity information, and other data that may be necessary or useful a service. As noted earlier, for a particular message, such as message540.3, request540.3.1, with envelope540.3.1.1, header540.3.1.1.1, body540.3.1.1.2, and additional information540.3.1.2, and response540.3.2, with envelope540.3.2.1, header540.3.2.1.1, body540.3.2.1.2, and additional information540.3.2.2, correspond toFIGS. 4B and 4C, respectively.FIG. 5 is one example of describing at least a portion of a server system in accordance with an XML schema. However, it should be emphasized that many other hierarchical arrangements are possible and that the present invention is not limited to any particular description.
• FIG. 6 illustrates anaction association list600 for assigning functions to processing steps in accordance with the present invention.Action association list600 identifies alayer1620 processing step, alayer2640 processing step, and other layer processing steps.Layer1620 processing step specifies whether a particular action should be executed before620.1layer1 or after620.2layer1. Prior to execution oflayer1, if xPathA620.1.1 is present in theXML hierarchy500 shown inFIG. 5, actionA is applied. Similarly, after execution oflayer1, if xPathB620.2.1 is present in theXML hierarchy500, actionB is applied, and if xPathC620.2.2 is present in the4XML hierarchy500, actionC is applied. Depending on how actionB is defined, it is possible for xPathC to either be ignored or processed. Although no details are shown, before640.1 and after640.2 oflayer2640 operate in an analogous fashion.
• The present invention also may be described in terms of methods comprising functional steps and/or non-functional acts. The following is a description of acts and steps that may be performed in practicing the present invention. Usually, functional steps describe the invention in terms of results that are accomplished, whereas non-functional acts describe more specific actions for achieving a particular result. Although the functional steps and non-functional acts may be described or claimed in a particular order, the present invention is not necessarily limited to any particular ordering or combination of the acts and/or steps.
• FIGS. 7A and 7B are a flow diagram that describe various acts and steps for methods according to the present invention. A step for identifying (710) one or more functional processing blocks where one or more operations or actions may be applied to one or more requests directed to one or more services may include acts of: defining (712) one or more processing steps within a server system that provides one or more services; defining (714) one or more functions that may be executed at any of the one or more processing steps; and describing (716) at least a portion of the server system in accordance with an XML schema. An act of defining (714) one or more functions should be interpreted broadly to include selecting a predefined function or creating a new function.
• It should be noted that the terms such as “service,” “processing step,” “functional processing block,” “operation,” “function,” and “action” should be interpreted broadly to encompass a wide variety of computer processing. Often, the term “service” is used as a generic reference for some type of computer resource. For example, an embodiment of the present invention is described in the context of an overall service that provides access to identity-based data, with one or more individual services within the overall service being dedicated to particular types of data, such as email, contacts, calendar, tasks, documents, etc. As used in this application, therefore, “service” is not necessarily limited to any particular type of computing resource, and any service specifically identified should be interpreted merely as an example.
• Similarly, the terms “processing step,” “functional processing block,” “operation,” “function,” and “action” are often used as generic references for some division or grouping of one or more computer instructions that accomplish a particular task. With reference to the service that provides access to identity-based data, “processing steps” and “functional blocks” generally are associated with the parsing, security, cryptography, and service operations, whereas “operations,” “functions,” and “actions” generally are associated with logging and filtering. Nevertheless, each of the foregoing terms is used throughout the application in a generic sense. The general associations identified above, therefore, should not necessarily be interpreted as limiting any of these terms to the specific examples used merely in describing an embodiment of the present invention. As such, “processing step,” “functional processing block,““operation,” “function,” and “action” should not be limited to any particular division or grouping of computer instructions, and any more specific description should be understood simply to represent an example.
• A step for dynamically associating (720) at least one operation or action; for at least one of the one or more functional processing blocks may include acts of: assigning (722) at least one function to at least one of one or more processing steps; and an act of evaluating (724) whether the at least one dynamically assigned function should be executed either before or after the at least one of the one or more processing steps. A step for checking (730) whether or not any action has been associated with a particular functional processing block during execution of the particular functional processing block may include acts of: receiving (732) a request for one or more services from a client system; and evaluating (734) whether or not any function has been assigned to a processing step.
• A step for applying (740) one or more associated operations or actions during execution of any function processing block with one or more associated actions may include acts of: executing (742) at least one assigned function at each processing step that has at least one assigned function; and terminating (744) any further processing on a request received from a client system. A step for responding (750) to a client system based on a request for one or more services from a client system may include acts of: generating (752) a response; and sending (754) the response to the client system.
• Having now described the principles of the present invention in detail, it is noted that the precise hardware configuration that implements the above-described features is not important to the present invention. For example, it is not important to the principles of the present invention where the various components ofFIG. 1 are implemented.
• Nevertheless, for the sake of completeness,FIG. 8 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment in which the invention may be implemented. Although not required, the invention will be described in the general context of computer-executable instnictions, such as program modules, being executed by computers in network environments. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of the program code means for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps.
• Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced in network computing environments with many types of computer system configurations, including personal computers, hand-held devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by local and remote processing devices that are linked (either by hardwired links, wireless links, or by a combination of hardwired or wireless links) through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
• With reference toFIG. 8, an exemplary system for implementing the invention includes a general purpose computing device in the form of aconventional computer820, including aprocessing unit821, asystem memory822, and asystem bus823 that couples various system components including thesystem memory822 to theprocessing unit821. Thesystem bus823 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory includes read only memory (ROM)824 and random access memory (RAM)825. A basic input/output system (BIOS)826, containing the basic routines that help transfer information between elements within thecomputer820, such as during start-up, may be stored inROM824.
• Thecomputer820 may also include a magnetichard disk drive827 for reading from and writing to a magnetichard disk839, amagnetic disk drive828 for reading from or writing to a removablemagnetic disk829, and anoptical disc drive830 for reading from or writing to removableoptical disc831 such as a CD-ROM or other optical media. The magnetichard disk drive827,magnetic disk drive828, andoptical disc drive830 are connected to thesystem bus823 by a harddisk drive interface832, a magnetic disk drive-interface833, and anoptical drive interface834, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer-executable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for thecomputer820. Although the exemplary environment described herein employs a magnetichard disk839, a removablemagnetic disk829 and a removableoptical disc831, other types of computer readable media for storing data can be used, including magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile discs, Bernoulli cartridges, RAMs, ROMs, and the like.
• Program code means comprising one or more program modules may be stored on thehard disk839,magnetic disk829,optical disc831,ROM824 orRAM825, including anoperating system835, one ormore application programs836,other program modules837, andprogram data838. A user may enter commands “and information into thecomputer820 throughkeyboard840, pointingdevice842, or other input devices (not shown), such as a microphone, joy stick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to theprocessing unit821 through aserial port interface846 coupled tosystem bus823. Alternatively, the input devices may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, a game port or a universal serial bus (USB). Amonitor847 or another display device is also connected tosystem bus823 via an interface, such asvideo adapter848. addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.
• Thecomputer820 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such asremote computers849aand849b.Remote computers849aand849bmay each be another personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically include many or all of the elements described above relative to thecomputer820, although onlymemory storage devices850aand850band their associatedapplication programs836aand836bhave been illustrated inFIG. 1. The logical connections depicted inFIG. 1 include a local area network (LAN)851 and a wide area network (WAN)852 that are presented here by way of example and not limitation. Such networking environments are commonplace in office-wide or enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.
• When used in a LAN networking environment, thecomputer820 is connected to thelocal network851 through a network interface oradapter853. When used in a WAN networking environment, thecomputer820 may include amodem854, a wireless link, or other means for establishing communications over thewide area network852, such as the Internet. Themodem854, which may be internal or external, is connected to thesystem bus823 via theserial port interface846. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to thecomputer820, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing communications overwide area network852 may be used.
• The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

Claims (5)

1. One or more computer-readable media having stored thereon a data structure for use when accessing a hierarchically organized request or a hierarchically organized response associated with the request using a locator statement without having to determine the processing context of the locator statement, the data structure comprising:

a first field that represents an ancestral node for the hierarchically organized request and the hierarchically organized response, the first field further comprising:

a second field that represents the hierarchically organized request; and

a third field that represents the hierarchically organized response, wherein the locator statement may be used to locate hierarchical nodes within either the hierarchically organized request or the hierarchically organized response.

2. One or more computer-readable media as recited inclaim 1, wherein the first field represents a server, the first field further comprising:

a fourth field that represents performance information for the server.

3. One or more computer-readable media as recited inclaim 1, wherein the first field further comprises information related to other request/response pairs.

4. One or more computer-readable media as recited inclaim 1, wherein the locator statement comprises an xPath statement.

5. One or more computer-readable media as recited inclaim 1, wherein the data structure is organized in accordance with an eXtensible Markup Language (XML).

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