US20050131340A1 - Apparatus and method for peritoneal dialysis - Google Patents

Abstract

An apparatus and method for treatment of end stage renal decline and failure through peritoneal dialysis enabling ambulatory transfer of dialysate to and from the peritoneum of a renal patient, this in synthesis and coordination with normal physiological rhythms of the patient. The system remains unobtrusive and less restrictive of patient ambulation and orientation. The present invention includes expendables disposability of which facilitates safe reuse of more expensive portions and is sufficiently simple for use in a home care environment. It may be designed to incorporate real-time, interactive or remote monitoring and regulation and visual or audible indication of system pressures, chemical balances and other important variables.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a divisional of Ser. No. 09/962,027, filed Sep. 24, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. ______, which application claims the priority benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/234,681, filed Sep. 22, 2000, for “APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS”, the content of both of which are incorporated by this reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
• This invention relates to means for treatment of renal decline and failure. It is particularly directed to an improved system for ambulatory transfer of dialysate to and from the peritoneum.
BACKGROUND
• State of the Art
• Medical practice has numerous applications for treatment of impaired renal function and ultimate decline and failure with peritoneal dialysis. The application of peritoneal dialysis, involves introduction of a dialysate solution to the peritoneal cavity outside the omentum, through an indwelling single lumen catheter entering the peritoneum through the abdominal wall near the pelvis. The dialysate remains within the peritoneum for approximately four hours until osmotic diffusion of bodily wastes from a renal patient through the semipermeable epithelial tissues approaches an equilibrium of saturation in the dialysate. At some point within this terminal range of approach the dialysate is functionally exhausted and is transferred out of the peritoneum and exchanged for a new infusion of unused dialysate.
• Existing peritoneal dialysis systems suffer from any of a number of disadvantages. Most devices require the patient to be tethered and confined and to be situated at a fixed location with a dialyzing bag hanging from an IV stand for gravity feed throughout the transfer of dialysate to and from the peritoneum of the patient and do not permit ambulation during transfer of dialysate. Some systems utilize pumps that have the disadvantages of substantial cost, size and weight that are prohibitive of significant ambulation during dialysate transfer.
• Irrespective of which paradigm has been used, heretofore, peritoneal dialysis procedures presuppose introduction and maintenance of a total of approximately three liters or twelve pounds of dialysate solution to and within the peritoneum for an extended period of time for the patient, with the epithelial tissues of the peritoneum acting essentially as an artificial kidney; the process uncomfortably expands and distends the abdomen of the patient and results in discomfort, disfigurement, flatulence and inconvenience. These disadvantages are virtually continuous from the inception of each dialysis treatment.
• Prior art devices for containment of dialysate bags for gravity flow have heretofore been available exclusively for attachment to IV stands adjacent to the patient's person, precluding comfort in movement such as standing, walking or other ambulation and other positions and activities and, further also, detracting from the aesthetic appeal to the patient and diminishment of the patient's body balance and self-image.
• Previous peritoneal dialysis processes only crudely infer the terminal range within which dialysate has approached equilibrium, is exhausted and to be exchanged for unused dialysate. The inference is drawn from historic norms of a broad population despite potentially substantial variances from one individual to another.
• A related disadvantage of prior art peritoneal dialysis is the deleterious effect on surrounding epithelial tissues from extended exposure to dialysate that is saturated with caustic bodily toxins. Upon diagnosis of end stage renal failure, the present prognosis is between two and three years life expectancy, due in large measure to the continuous unnaturally high exposure of these sensitive tissues to noxious bodily wastes within exhausted dialysate.
• Heretofore, inefficiencies have resulted from infusion of excessive or insufficient amounts of dialysate relative to the needs of the particular patient during a particular time frame. Similarly, dialysate infused in ideal amounts but incorrectly presumed to be exhausted is occasionally discarded prematurely.
• A need exists for a dialysis system providing ambulatory, unobtrusive, light weight, symmetric, orientation-neutral and convenient storage and containment of new or exhausted dialysate and associated systems.
• A further need exists for such a renal treatment system with single patient components that are inexpensive, disposable and sufficiently simple for use in a home care or ambulatory environment.
• A need also remains for an improved peritoneal dialysis system wherein electronic circuitry and associated indicators enable monitoring of the solute and regulation of flow rates, including system pressures, temperature, system timing, chemical balances and other therapeutic variables to more closely mimic and optimize normal physiological patterns and to enhance the patient's and physician's ability to determine optimal dosage, regime and protocol to obtain such goals.
• There exists a need for such monitoring and regulation optionally from locations remote from the patient. Whether remote or not there is a continuing need for the foregoing features that may be actuated automatically or by direct intervention based on real time interaction.
• Further yet, a need exists for a peritoneal dialysis system closely customized to the circumstances of a particular patient enabling a more accurate determination of the terminal point at which exhausted dialysate is to be reconditioned or transferred from the patient and exchanged for unused dialysate or, if practicable, reconditioned dialysate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention provides an improved apparatus and method for ambulatory patient dialysis including transfer of peritoneal dialysate and comprising monitoring, regulation and indication of therapeutic variables to more closely parallel the natural, pre-symptomatic kidney function and excretion patterns of the renal system and to achieve correspondent acceptable physiological function.
• This novel system enables coordination of fluid transfers and dialysis processes with ambient physiological activity of the patient. Balance in physiological dynamics is enhanced with a more effective delivery and monitoring system that follows natural rhythms. A system of indicators may communicate various therapeutic variables and physiological measurements, for example, urea, presence of air, temperatures and electrolytes in the dialysate. Accordingly, the indicator system results in reduction of incidence of peritonitis, potentially resulting in cost savings and because it is more efficient in determining the parameters of the dialysate thereby improving timing and fluid exchange. Such fine tuning of physiological balances enhances the physician's and patient's ability to determine optimal dynamic dosage, regime and protocol for the benefit of the patient, irrespective of physical orientation of the patient or of the treatment system or of both. The system entails a small portable pump, filter system, receptacle, with improvements comprising a dialyzing fluid bag designed to be worn, which may alternatively simply be hung from an IV stand for gravity flow where preferably, a novel vest for low profile, aesthetically appealing, symmetric and unobtrusive system containment and placement, and indicators whereby fluid flow rates, volume, timing, direction, pulsating patterns and dialysate and bodily electrolytes, urea, protein, acid-base balances as examples may be monitored and regulated. The system comprising these improvements is inexpensive, disposable and sufficiently simple for use in a home care environment and may be equipped with a real-time monitor and indicator of various system conditions, dialysate parameters and other important therapeutic variables.
• The invention in one embodiment is a device system for treatment of and support during renal decline or failure. It comprises a portable pump including a disposable cartridge interface; a receptacle system, which may be bladder-like, comprising exhausted dialysate storage capacity and unused or recycled dialysate storage capacity, designed selectively to be worn by a patient; a conduit which may be structured and arranged to support passage of unused or recycled dialysate to and exhausted dialysate from a peritoneum of the patient and a filter assembly associated with the conduit and structured and arranged to permit filtering of both air and contaminants from the unused or recycled dialysate.
• The receptacle system may include a polymer bag with a first wall and an opposing second wall, and include at least one opening in fluid communication with the conduit. It further may include structure attached to an inner side of the first wall and to an opposing inner side of the second wall to retain the cross-sectional dimension of the bag within a limited range of distention of the bag when a dialysate is in the bag without limiting flow of the dialysate in or through the bag. Alternatively, for the same purpose, the receptacle system may include either a dimensionally stable or a semi-rigid encasement structured and arranged to abut the bag against at least one of the walls. The encasement may comprise a single plate in combination with a vest or a pocket.
• The patient vest of the present invention, where utilized, may be structured and arranged to support the receptacle system proximal to and with minimal cross-sectional extension from the patient. The vest may be configured to support the receptacle system irrespective of location, orientation or movement of the patient. It comprises any of at least two sides which may include a front side, back side, left side and right side. It further comprises means of affixing the vest in close proximity to the body of said patient such as, alone or in combination, any of either Velcro® or buckles or straps or button structure with corresponding eye structure or ties or zipper or belt or at least one hole through which an arm of a patient may be placed. A pocket or pouch is associated with at least one of the sides whereby at least a portion of the receptacle system may be enveloped within the pocket or pouch.
• Indicator means may also be included whereby at least one therapeutic variable, but potentially any of a plurality of therapeutic or diagnostic variables, may be monitored or regulated to determine and establish optimal dynamic dosage or optimal dynamic regime or optimal dynamic protocol, or any or all of the foregoing. Such optimal dynamics enable achievement of a desired therapeutic balance. The indicator means may further enable detection of achievement of the desired therapeutic balance. Such therapeutic variables may be monitored or regulated selectively automatically or by direct intervention and may be monitored or regulated from a source remote from the patient. These therapeutic variables may comprise, alone or in combination, dialysate temperature or dialysate flow volume or dialysate flow direction or dialysate flow timing or dialysate chemistry including, for example, albumen, urea, uric acid, creatinine, creatine, pH, ions or electrolytes. The therapeutic variables may be monitored or regulated with detection structure positioned in any of a variety of locations including without limitation associated with the conduit or the pump or the receptacle system or any combination of the foregoing. The detection structure may be located proximal to or within the body of the patient and thus may further monitor and regulate the variables of body temperature or residual pressure or blood content of the patient.
• In another embodiment, the conduit of the present invention may comprise a plurality of lumens, a first of which lumens is structured and arranged to support passage of exhausted dialysate from a peritoneum of the patient, and a second of which lumens is structured and arranged to support passage of unused or recycled dialysate to the peritoneum. A third lumen may be structured and arranged to measure directly or by inference parameters such as temperature, pH and electrolytes in the peritoneum, including probes for the measurement of appropriate chemistry, pH and temperature. The system thereby enables exhausted dialysate to be admitted and unused or recycled dialysate to be delivered in alternating sequence or simultaneously in reciprocating circulation. In this embodiment the first lumen includes a corresponding first distal orifice, and the second lumen includes a corresponding second distal orifice. The first and second distal orifices may be located within the peritoneum at respective sites remote from each other. Subject to determination by an attending physician, the point of entry of the conduit may generally preferably be through the abdomen, near the pelvis or alternatively, particularly in cases involving reciprocal circulation or recycling of dialysate, at a point near but below the diaphragm. The passage of dialysate may be in the form of any of a variety of pulsating flow patterns, and may be coordinated to increase rate, frequency and magnitude of dialysate circulation along, against and among epithelial and other tissues of and within the peritoneum. Thus, exhausted dialysate may be admitted and unused or recycled dialysate may be delivered simultaneously.
• Accordingly, the present invention contemplates a method of performing peritoneal dialysis, comprising selection of the above characterized device system for treatment of renal decline or failure; association of said device system with an indwelling dialysis catheter such that substantially all of an amount of exhausted dialysate within a peritoneum of a patient may be removed to be disposed of or processed for recycling; and infusion of a therapeutic volume of unused or recycled dialysate optimal for treatment of the patient.
• In accordance with this method a selected volume of unused dialysate, which is in excess of the therapeutic volume and is sufficient to accomplish dialysis through an extended period of time during which the patient may be in a sleeping condition, may selectively be introduced to the peritoneum of the patient. This method may incorporate the distention-limiting structure within or around the receptacle system, may accommodate simultaneous or sequential passage or reciprocal circulation of exhausted and unused or recycled dialysate, either of which may be in a pulsating flow pattern, and may involve having the exhausted dialysate undergo a process that extends its useful life such as, alone or in combination, filtration or chemical, electrical, thermal or light modification.
• Likewise, the conduit of this method may include a plurality of lumens, the first of which comprises a corresponding first distal orifice and is structured and arranged to permit passage of exhausted dialysate from the peritoneum and a second of which comprises a corresponding second distal orifice and permits passage of unused or recycled dialysate to the peritoneum. In this method, the first distal orifice may be located within the peritoneum at a site remote from the second distal orifice.
• The therapeutic variables of this method may likewise comprise, alone or in combination, body temperature or blood content of the patient or dialysate temperature or dialysate flow volume or dialysate flow direction or dialysate flow timing or dialysate chemistry balance including albumen, urea, uric acid, creatinine, creatine, pH, ions or electrolytes and may be monitored or regulated selectively automatically or by direct intervention, which may be from a source remote from the patient.
• The device system of this method may further comprise the aforementioned patient vest structured and arranged to support the receptacle system proximal to and with minimal cross-sectional extension from the patient, which method may be performed irrespective of the location, physical orientation or movement of the patient.
• This device system and method may utilize any of a variety of indicators and associated structures, alone or in combination, such as chemical, electrical or light based technologies, including chemiluminescent, biofluorescent, electrochemical and chemical color indicators.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
• In the drawings, which illustrate what is currently regarded as the best mode for carrying out the invention:
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the device system;
• FIG. 2 is a partially exploded view of the filter;
• FIG. 3ais a perspective view of a first embodiment of the receptacle;
• FIG. 3bis a perspective view of a partially cut away second embodiment of the receptacle;
• FIG. 3cis a perspective view of a partially cut away third embodiment of the receptacle;
• FIG. 4adepicts a perspective view of a first embodiment of the vest of the system relative to the patient;
• FIG. 4bdepicts a perspective view of a second embodiment of the vest of the system;
• FIG. 4cdepicts a perspective view of a third embodiment of the vest of the system;
• FIG. 4ddepicts a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of the vest of the system;
• FIG. 5aillustrates an adjacent dual lumen structure comprising remote distal tips; and
• FIG. 5bsimilarly portrays a concentric dual lumen structure including remote distal tips.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
• The structural elements of one configuration of the presentnovel device system5 for peritoneal dialysis are shown inFIG. 1. Apump10 is detachably associated with aflexible conduit15, preferably having cross-sectional patency, along adisposable cartridge interface20 between afilter25 and areceptacle system30.
• The illustratedpump10 operates on the basis of peristaltic action but other pump mechanisms not illustrated could be utilized for portable, high-volume operation. Thecartridge20 comprises collapsible,resilient tubing35 and is in fluid communication with theconduit15 by means ofcouplings40,45. Theconduit15 may be releasably associated in fluid communication with thereceptacle system30 at ajunction50 and with thefilter25 at a joint55. Thefilter25 is releasably coupled to, and in fluid communication with, an indwellingcatheter60 at apatient disconnect65. An indicator means70 may be placed at any of a variety of locations, alone or in combination, depending upon the nature of the indicator means and its function or functions, as further elaborated below, but is depicted as being located between thecatheter60 and thefilter25.
• More particularly set forth inFIG. 2a, thefilter25 comprises ahydrophobic filter75, ahydrophilic screen80 and ahydrophilic filter85 all sequenced between a base90 and aconvex capture lid95. Thebase90 includesinternal ribs100 which abut and support thehydrophilic filter85 while accommodating exposure of maximum surface area of thehydrophilic filter85 to dialysate throughput. Thehydrophilic screen80 provides counter support for thehydrophilic filter85 and support for thehydrophobic filter75. The convex curvature of thecapture lid95 accommodates thehydrophobic filter75 and passage of air therethrough. Thelid95 includes anair outlet105 for air screened from passing dialysate by thehydrophobic filter75. Thebase90 andlid95 are sealed together along theirrespective periphery110,115 by any commercially feasible means such as, for example, a press-fit, sonic weld or adhesive.
• Dialysate passage toward the peritoneum through thefilter25 is accommodated through anupstream port120 that admits dialysate to thefilter25 between thehydrophobic filter75 andhydrophilic filter85. Thehydrophobic filter75 allows passage of air through to theair outlet105 while preventing leakage of dialysate out of or penetration of contaminants into the dialysate. Thehydrophilic filter85 permits passage of the dialysate while filtering out microbial and other contaminants from the dialysate prior to its passage through adownstream port125 and eventual entrance into the peritoneum.
• As illustrated inFIG. 2b, exhausted dialysate passing out of the peritoneum can, depending on the configuration of thefilter25, either pass back through thedownstream port125 and bypass the hydrophilic filter through an upstream check valve127 associated with theupstream port120 or entirely circumvent thefilter25 through a combination of alternate conduit and associated check valves (not shown).
• Various configurations of thereceptacle system30 are illustrated inFIGS. 3a-3c.FIG. 3adepicts adual bag system30 including adisposal reservoir135, asupply reservoir140 andrespective disposal tubing145 andsupply tubing150 each associated with acommon tubing155 through a generally indicatedcheck valve160. Thereservoirs135,140 may in one configuration be connected in fluid communication with each other by aprocessing stage165.
• Theprocessing stage165 may have the capacity, alone or in combination, to filter, chemically neutralize, electronically alter or modify the condition of dialysate by other means such as, for example, with light, or heat (not shown) in a reconditioning manner. Accordingly, unused dialysate or reconditioned dialysate or a combination of both may be reintroduced to the peritoneum for additional dialysis until an appropriate level of exhaustion of the dialysate is reached.
• Indicator means70 may be associated with thedevice system5 to enable regulation or monitoring or both regulation and monitoring of at least one therapeutic variable but potentially any of a plurality of therapeutic variables of the patient. Thus the present invention dramatically enhances the ability to monitor and affect key variables, e.g., to recognize decline in the condition of the peritoneal lining and its ability to participate adequately in the dialyzing process; to identify shifts in the optimal amount of residual dialysate; to ascertain changes to be made in the composition of the dialysate to be used; and to queue alterations to the frequency of transfers and exchanges.
• As illustrated inFIGS. 3aand3b, the indicator means70 may be embodied as an electrochemical device interposed along thedisposal tubing145 ordisposal lumen170 or otherwise may comprise anindwelling electrode175 in fluid communication with the dialysate. Theelectrode175 may be structured and arranged to provide on-line, real-time, objective, quantitative information about the status of the dialysate. Theelectrode175 may further be associated with transmission means or receiver means or transceiver means or regulator means or monitor means (none of which is shown) enabling communication to or from a monitor or regulator or both a monitor and regulator (not shown) which monitor or regulator may be remote from thedevice system5. Examples of such probes include pH probes available from Omega Engineering, Inc. of Stamford, Conn. and pH conductivity probes from The Hach Company of Loveland, Colo. Non-electrical, chemical pH probes may similarly be utilized. Examples of such electrochemical probes include the ammonia NH₄probe of Omega Engineering, Inc., or seven-analyte-capable probes of Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, Ohio.
• Illustrative of various applications of pH probes, the filter or tubing may include a pH strip in contact with used dialysate that responds to the alkaline nature of the urine content of used dialysate. The pH level is directly proportional to the concentration of alkaline waste (comprised mostly of urea); a higher pH level would indicate that the used dialysate comprises a higher concentration of waste products. To preclude leaching from the indicator to the new or reconditioned dialysate to be infused into the peritoneum, the probe may be positioned between theupstream check valve127 anddownstream check valve128 within thefilter25. An example of one group of compounds that could be used as an indicator is anthrocyanins or quinones. A slight modification of this configuration involves use of the pH indicator material on the surface of the material molded as a system component that is in fluid communication with the used dialysate. Similarly, the pH material may be integral with such molding material. Thus the used dialysate causes pH indicator material exposed on the component surface and in fluid communication with the used dialysate to change color. This change may be detected by a sensor (not shown) to determine waste product concentration. Indicators for other waste products may also be used. As an alternative to the pH indicator, material that changes color in response to exposure to other waste products could be utilized.
• Alternatively, indicator means70 may be embodied as a chemical test involving a color strip indicator (not shown) exposed to a sample of dialysate removed from the peritoneum, preferably from theupstream side180 of thefilter25 so as to limit the potential for peritonitis. The color strip changes color in direct relation to the extent to which the dialysate approaches the osmotic diffusion equilibrium. For example, a new color strip colored red may become colored mauve when exposed to slightly used dialysate or purple with moderately used dialysate, but become colored blue when fully exhausted. Accordingly a patient or care giver is enabled to recognize more accurately when dialysate has arrived at the optimal dynamic terminal point, and thus is informed that an infusion of new or reconditioned dialysate is needed. For example, QuantiMetrix Corp. of Redondo Beach, Calif. or Diagnostic Chemicals, Ltd. of Prince Edward Island, Canada with its U.S. subsidiary supplies impregnated paper indicator materials used with colorimetry dipsticks or other impregnated materials capable of such colormetrics functions.
• Yet another embodiment of the indicator means70 is in the nature of modified electrochemical or chemiluminescence tests wherein a sensor is associated with a selected site of the skin of a renal patient (not shown) and an electronic current is introduced to stimulate dilation of pores and thereby enable access to the subcutaneous interstitial tissues with selected light waves. The reflective and refractive interaction between the light wave lengths and the liquids of which the interstitial tissues are comprised enables a determination of constituents of the liquids. Comparison of the constituents with the known relationship between waste products in blood and interstitial liquids enables an inference of the proximity to the terminal point on the dialysis rate curve. Materials supportive of such an embodiment are available through Diagnostic Chemicals, Ltd. U.S.A. of Oxford, Conn.
• Another embodiment of an indicator may utilize a wavelength of light that is absorbed or otherwise affected by a certain waste chemical. An LED (not shown) may be structured and arranged to shine a light though the tubing as well as the used dialysate as it flows through the tubing. An associated sensor (not shown) detects the amount or nature of light that passes through the fluid. The amount or nature of light reflected or attenuated by the used dialysate is relative to the concentration of waste chemical in the used dialysate and accordingly provides an indication of the condition of the used dialysate.
• Additional indicator means may be embodied as aprobe185 associated withremote tip190 of theindwelling catheter60, for measuring temperature, pressure, blood characteristics or the like.
• FIG. 3billustrates one configuration of thereceptacle system30 involving a dual lumen alternative, including thedisposal lumen170 and asupply lumen195. A supply check valve200 may be interposed on thesupply lumen195 in configurations involving asingle bag reservoir205 where bothlumens170,195 pass through thecartridge interface20 of thepump10 instead of parting to allow the disposal lumen to circumvent the pump.
• Retainingstructure210 may be attached to opposinginner sides215,220 of abag135,140,205 to retain the cross-sectional dimension of thebag135,140,205 within a limited range of distention, and thus to enhance the comfort, mobility and appearance of the patient when thedevice system5 is being carried or worn, during either dialysis or ambulatory transfer.
• Alternative retention structure illustrated inFIG. 3cinvolves a dimensionally stable or asemi-rigid encasement225 that compresses thedialysate bag205 orbags135,140 between afirst side230 andsecond side235 connected to each other by at least one connectingmember240.
• Yet another retention structure illustrated inFIG. 4cis a dimensionally stable or asemi-rigid plate245 within apocket250 of avest255 in a manner that limits the distention of thebag205 orbags135,140 and thereby retains the cross-sectional dimension of thereceptacle system30 at a minimum.
• The nature, location and function of the indicator means70 andreceptacle system30 to be selected for use with thedevice system5 is influenced at least by the particular function to be accomplished or variable or variables sought to be indicated. It will be appreciated that a wide variety of potential permutations of the features of thereceptacle system30 or indicator means70 may be adapted to a preferred embodiment in accordance with the preferences or needs of a given patient or service provider or circumstance. Accordingly, specific illustration of the nature, location or function of indicator means70 orreceptacle system30 in the present disclosure should not be understood to limit the intended scope of the appended claims.
• For containment of theportable device system5, any of a variety of vest configurations is contemplated in the present invention as partially set forth generally inFIGS. 4a-4d.FIG. 4cillustrates one preferred embodiment of thevest255 that is structured and arranged in a configuration to contain thedevice system5 within thepocket250. Thepocket250 is located on the inside260 of theback side265 of thevest255. In this configuration thevest255 opens up from thefront side270.
• Thevest255 may be configured to position thepocket250 on thefront side270 as well, as set forth inFIGS. 4aand4b, or on a left side or right side (not shown). Similarly, thevest255 depicted inFIG. 4dresembles a daypack; accordingly, thepocket250 comprises a substantial portion of the vest and may be worn on thefront side270 or backside265 of the patient.
• Similar versatility may be embodied in the means of attaching thevest255 to the patient.Belts275,laces280 includingties285,zippers290,Velcro®295, sewnseams300,buttons305 witheyes310, straps315, buckles320 and any other such means of connecting may be utilized.
• InFIGS. 5aand5b, one advantageous aspect of a multi-lumen feature is illustrated. Whether the plurality of lumens is in a side by side configuration as illustrated inFIG. 5aor concentric as illustrated inFIG. 5b, and irrespective of the location of the insertion site of thecatheter60, theremote tip190 of thesupply lumen195 can be located within theperitoneal cavity325 at aninfusion site330 that enhances the washing action of the unused or reconditioned dialysate across the omentum within the peritoneal cavity. For an ambulatory patient, for example, such asite330 would be just below the diaphragm. In such an application, thetip190 is preferably remote from theterminal end335 of thedisposal lumen170; for example, theterminal end335 would be located in the lower abdominal area near the pelvis.
• The device system and method of the present invention provide distinct advantages over prior peritoneal dialysis systems and methods. Thus, reference herein to specific details of the illustrated or other preferred embodiments is by way of example and not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications of the basic illustrated embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as recited by the claims.

Claims (16)

1. A method of performing peritoneal dialysis, comprising:

selection of a device system for treatment of renal decline or failure, wherein said device system comprises:

a portable pump including a disposable cartridge interface;

a receptacle system comprising exhausted dialysate storage capacity and unused or recycled dialysate storage capacity designed selectively to be worn by a renal patient, wherein said receptacle may comprise a polymer bag with at least one opening in fluid communication with said conduit;

a delivery conduit structured and arranged to support passage of exhausted dialysate from and unused dialysate to the peritoneum of the patient;

a filter assembly associated with the delivery conduit and structured and arranged to permit filtering of both air and contaminants from unused or recycled dialysate; and

an indicator wherein at least one, but potentially any, of a plurality of therapeutic variables may be monitored and regulated to achieve a desired therapeutic balance;

association of said device system with an indwelling dialysis catheter such that substantially all of an amount of exhausted dialysate within a peritoneum of the patient may be removed; and

infusion of a therapeutic volume of unused or recycled dialysate optimal for treatment of the patient.

2. The method according toclaim 1, wherein a selected volume of unused or recycled dialysate, which is in excess of the therapeutic volume and is sufficient to accomplish dialysis through an extended period of time during which the patient may be in a sleeping condition, may be selectively introduced to the peritoneum of the patient.

3. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said bag further includes structure attached to one inner side of the bag and to the opposing inner side of the bag to retain the cross-sectional dimension of the bag at a limited degree of distention without limiting flow of a dialysate within or through the bag.

4. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the exhausted dialysate may be removed and said unused or recycled dialysate may be infused simultaneously.

5. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the exhausted dialysate undergoes a process that extends its useful life.

6. The method according toclaim 5, wherein said process comprises subjection to a pulsating flow pattern.

7. The method according toclaim 5, wherein said process comprises, alone or in combination, filtration or chemical modification.

8. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said delivery conduit is structured and arranged to permit said passage or reciprocal circulation of exhausted dialysate from and unused or recycled dialysate to the peritoneum selectively either simultaneously or sequentially.

9. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said delivery conduit includes a plurality of lumens, a first of which lumens comprises a corresponding first distal orifice and is structured and arranged to permit passage of exhausted dialysate from the peritoneum and a second of which lumens, comprises a corresponding second distal orifice and permits passage of unused or recycled dialysate to the peritoneum.

10. The method according toclaim 9, wherein said first distal orifice may be located within the peritoneum at a site remote from said second distal orifice.

11. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said therapeutic variables may comprise, alone or in combination, body temperature or blood content of the patient or dialysate temperature or dialysate flow volume or dialysate flow direction or dialysate flow timing or dialysate chemistry balance including albumen, urea, uric acid, creatinine, creatine, pH, ions or electrolytes.

12. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said therapeutic variables may be monitored or regulated selectively, automatically, or by direct intervention.

13. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said operating conditions may be monitored or regulated from a source remote from the patient.

14. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said device system further comprises a patient vest structured and arranged to support the receptacle system proximal to and with minimal cross-sectional extension from the patient.

15. The method according toclaim 1, wherein said method may be performed irrespective of the location, orientation or movement of the patient.

16. The method according toclaim 9, further comprising a third lumen that carries circuitry to deliver data from at least one probe that measures therapeutic or physiologic or diagnostic parameters of the fluid adjacent the peritoneum.

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