US20050081944A1 - Display having addressable characters - Google Patents

Abstract

An addressable display comprises a woven article including functional yarn woven therein, each functional yarn having an addressable device for controlling display elements thereon. Addressing signals applied via conductive yarn of the woven article address the addressable devices of the functional yarn for selectively energizing the display elements.

Description

• This Application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/366,441 filed Feb. 13, 2003 which claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Applications Nos. 60/379,723 filed May 10, 2002 and 60/419,159 filed Oct. 17, 2002, and further claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/503,331 filed Sep. 16, 2003, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
• The present invention relates to a display and, in particular, to an addressable display.
• In many fields of endeavor, from military to sport to apparel, a desire exists for electronic circuits to be incorporated into fabric and into articles that may be made of fabric. In some instances, such as electric blankets and electrically conductive fabric, electrically resistive and/or electrically conductive wires are been woven into fabric with insulating yarn to provide the desired resistance heating and/or conductivity characteristics. In these relatively simple arrangements, the characteristics of the resistive heating yarn determines the heating characteristics of the woven electric blanket and the conductivity of the electrically conductive yarn substantially determines the conductivity characteristic of the fabric. In other words, the number and size of electrically conductive yarn determine the conductivity of the fabric.
• Apart from the aforementioned relatively simple arrangements, where electrical functionality of greater complexity has been desired, electrical circuits have been added to fabric after the fabric is woven. Among the approaches are the lamination of electrical circuit substrates to a fabric, e.g., as described in U.S. patent Publication No. US 2002/0076948 of B. Farrell et al entitled “Method of Manufacturing a Fabric Article to Include Electronic Circuitry and an Electrically Active Textile Article,” and the embroidering and/or applique of electrical conductors and circuits onto a fabric, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,771 to E. R. Post et al entitled “Electrically Active Textiles and Articles Made Therefrom” and in an article by E. R. Post et al entitled “E-Broidery: Design and Fabrication of Textile-Based Computing” published in the IBM Systems Journal, Volume 39,Numbers 3 & 4, pages 840-860, 2000. In addition, an arrangement attaching electrical components to woven fabric including conductive yarn, such as by connecting the components to the conductive yarn by soldering arid/or by electrically conductive adhesive, is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,381,482 to Jayaraman et al entitled “Fabric or Garment With Integrated Flexible Information Infrastructure.”
• In the aforementioned arrangements, the electrical or electronic function is added after the fabric has been woven, e.g., by embroidery or by applique or by mechanical attachment, thereby adding additional steps and additional complexity to the manufacturing process. In addition, the particular arrangement thereof appears to be suited to one specific application or usage with corresponding specific manufacturing, and does not appear to lend itself to an efficient, relatively general manufacturing wherein the function and operation of the resulting fabric need not be specified or determined until after the fabric is woven, i.e. manufactured.
• There remains a need for a woven electronic display that provides for an addressable display. In addition, it would be particularly advantageous if a display suitable for being provided as a woven article or fabric is easily and conveniently addressed via electrically conductive yarn or conductors that are part thereof. It would also be desifable it such addressable electronic display were suitable for use as a sign or other message display.
• To this end, an addressable display may comprise a woven article including functional yarn woven therein, each functional yarn having an addressable device for controlling display elements thereon. Addressing signals applied via conductive yarn of the woven article address the addressable devices of the functional yarn for selectively energizing the display elements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
• The detailed description of the preferred embodiment(s) will be more easily and better understood when read in conjunction with the FIGURES of the Drawing which include:
• FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of an example arrangement for a 59-segment character display;
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of the 59-segment display ofFIG. 1 including light sources arranged in rows and columns;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an example woven article embodiment including at least a portion of a segment display including functional yarn having light sources arranged thereon to provide rows and columns of light sources;
• FIG. 4, shown on two sheets designated asFIG. 4A andFIG. 4B, is a schematic diagram of an example circuit suitable for a functional yarn, such as that shown inFIG. 3;
• FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an example display including plural woven articles providing character displays; and
• FIGS. 6A, 6B and6C are schematic diagrams of an example method for providing an addressing protocol suitable for use with the example displays ofFIGS. 1-5.
• In the Drawing, where an element or feature is shown in more than one drawing figure, the same alphanumeric designation may be used to designate such element or feature in each figure, and where a closely related or modified element is shown in a figure, the same alphanumerical designation primed or designated “a” or “b” or the like may be used to designate the modified element or feature. Similary, similar elements or features may be designated by like alphanumeric designations in different figures of the Drawing and with similar nomenclature in the specification. It is noted that, according to common practice, the various features of the drawing are not to scale, and the dimensions of the various features are arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
• FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of an example arrangement for a 59-segment character display10 wherein the 59 segments are numbered according to their position in a row and column arrangement.
• Thesegmented character display10 having fifty nine segments arranged in rows and columns comprises twenty eight segments defining a periphery RP of a generallyrectangular character display10, the twenty eight segments including one segment disposed at eachcorner111,171,179,119 of the generally rectangular periphery RP, and four groups of five or more additional segments each disposed to define a respective side TS, RS, BS, LS thereof.
• Eleven additional segments are disposed to define intersecting dividers that divide the generallyrectangular character display10 to define four quadrants Q thereof, wherein onesegment145 of the eleven additional segments is disposed generally centrally within the generallyrectangular character display10 and the ten other segments of the eleven additional segments are arranged to extend from the one generally centrally disposedsegment145 of the eleven additional segments to the respective sides TS, RS, BS, LS of the generallyrectangular character display10.
• Five segments are disposed within each of the four quadrants Q, each quadrant including a generally centrally locatedsegment123,127,153,157 and four segments radiating diagonally from thecentral segment123,127,153,157 toward each of the fourcorners111,115,119,141,145,149,171,175,179 of each quadrant Q.
• More particularly, the segments ofdisplay10 are arranged into seven rows designated RW1 through RW7 and nine columns designated CL1-CL9, with row RW1 and column CL1 intersecting at the lower left corner ofdisplay character10. Each segment is identified by a numeric designator “1yx” wherein “y” is the row number and “x” is the column number corresponding to rows RW1 through RW7 and columns CL1 through CL9, respectively. Thus, a row of segments could be referred to by row number or be segment numbers, e.g.,row3 by RW3 or by segments13x,and columns likewise, e.g., as column CL5 or assegments1×5.
• Twenty eight of the segments comprising rows RW1 and RW7 and columns CL1 and CL9 (segments11x,17x,1y1,1y9) define a rectangular periphery RP ofcharacter display10. One relativelyshort segment111,171,119,179, is at each corner of the rectangle RP. Seven additional segments define the “top” horizontal side TS (i.e. segments172,173,174,175,176,177,178) and the “bottom” horizontal side BS (i.e segments112,113,114,115,116,117,118) of peripheral rectangle RP and five additional segments (i.e. segments121,131,141,151,161 andsegments129.139,149,159,169, respectively) define each of the vertical sides LS, RS of rectangle RP. Each of the four sides BS, RS, LS, TS of rectangle RP has a relativelyshort segment115,141,149,175 in a central position, and each also has four relatively long segments (e.g.,121,131,151 and161;172,174,176 and178; and so forth) with a pair of two long segments (e.g.,121 and131,116 and118; and so forth) disposed on opposing sides of the shortcentral segment115,141,149,175. Each of the top and bottom sides TS, RS also has a relativelyshort segment113,117,173,177 disposed between each pair of relatively long segments (e.g.,112 and114,116 and118, and so forth).
• Elevenadditional segments142,143,144,145,146,147,148,125,135,155,165 divide the peripheral rectangle into four quadrants Q. Specifically, sevensegments142,143,144,145,146,147,148, bisect peripheral rectangle RP in the horizontal direction between the relatively shortcentral segment141,149 of each vertical side RS, LS and fivesegments125,135,145,155,165 bisect rectangle RP in the vertical direction between the relatively shortcentral segments115,175 of the top and bottom sides TS, BS.Segment145 is located where the four quadrants Q meet and is relatively centrally located within peripheral rectangle RP.
• Inside each quadrant Q is a centrally located relativelyshort segment123,153,127,157 and four relatively long segments (e.g.,122,132,124,134;152,162,154,164; and so forth) radiating diagonally from the shortcentral segment123,153,127,157 toward each of the corners of the quadrant Q, i.e. at a short segment at each corner of each quadrant. For example, in upper right quadrant Q,segments156,166,158,168 radiate diagonally from the shortcentral segment157 toward each of thecorners145,175,179 and149.
• It is noted that whilecenter segments123 and127 are described as being in row RW2 andcenter segments153 and157 are described as being in row RW5, they could be designated in rows RW3 and RW6, respectively, as may be convenient or desired.
• Each segment111-179 includes one or more sources that produce light when electrically energized. By selectively energizing certain ones of the segments111-179, light produced by the energized segments111-179 define desired characters. This arrangement provides a unique display for each letter of the English-language alphabet, in both upper case and lower case letters, and the numerals zero through nine, as well as other symbols and characters, such as “?” or “$” or “%” or “+” or “−” or “×” or “÷” or “*” or “<” or “>” or “&” or “↑” or “↓” or “←” or “→” or “Δ” or “Σ” or “λ” and so forth. The display may be addressed as a 9×7 matrix where four of the segments are missing, leaving 59 segments that may be selectively energized.
• For example, the capital letter “O” may be displayed by energizing the 28 segments around the peripheral rectangle RP and a lower-case “o” may be displayed by energizing the 14 segments defining the periphery of one of the lower quadrants Q. A numeral zero “0” could be distinguished from a capital letter “O” by, for example, not energizing thecorner segments111,119,171,179, or by energizing a central segment, e.g.,segment145. Alternatively, for example, zero may be represented by energizing the 14 segments115-175,119-179 disposed along the central vertical bisector and along the right side RS of rectangle RP and also energizing the six additional segments116-118 and176-178 on the right portion of top and bottom sides TS, BS, thereof.
• As a further example, a capital “Z” may be displayed by energizing the 18 segments111-119 and171-179 along the top and bottom sides TS, BS of rectangle RP and the sevensegments122,123,134,145,156,157,168 along the diagonal between upperright corner179 and lowerleft corner111 thereof. A lower-case “z” may be displayed by energizing the five segments (e.g., segments115-119 and145-149) along each of the top and bottom sides of a lower quadrant Q and the three segments (e.g.,126,127,138 along the diagonal between the upper right corner and the lower left corner thereof.
• In addition, certain plural character combinations may be displayed by asingle character dipslay10, such as displaying the numerals11-19 by illuminating all of the segments111-171 disposed along the left side LS to display the numeral “1” and illuminating selected ones of segments115-179 disposed along the peripheries of the upper and lower right quadrants Q and disposed interior thereto to display the second numeral1-9.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example embodiment of the 59-segment display10 ofFIG. 1 including plural light sources arranged in nine columns CL1-CL9. The light sources LS (illustrated by circles) are disposed on sets on strips FY arranged side-by-side from top to bottom in the FIGURE, wherein one or more of selected types of strips FY comprise each of nine columns CL1-CL9. Strips FY are of several “types” described below, and designated as types A, B, C, D, E and F along the lower portion ofFIG. 2. Strips FY of types A, B, C, D, E and F are herein referred to as strips or functional yarn FY-A, FY-B, FY-C, FY-D, FY-E and FY-F, respectively.
• As illustrated, 20 strips FY comprisedisplay10, of which are two each of strips FY of type A and type F, and four each of strips FY of types B, C, D and E. Each strip FY has 22 light source LS positions, not all of which may be utilized on every strip FY. If all positions were to have a light source LS, then a 20×22light element display10 is provided. These 440 light sources (e.g., LEDs) are connected in 63 addressable segments, i.e. with seven addressable segments (of one to four LEDs each) on each strip FY. In one preferred embodiment, only 316 of the possible 440 LED positions have an LED thereat. These 316 LEDs are connected in 59 addressable segments, i.e. with seven or fewer addressable segments (of one to four LEDs each) on each strip FY. Other embodiments may be desired, e.g., for obtaining another 59-segment display or another display arrangement.
• The twenty strips FY are associated with nine columns CL wherein each column may include one, two or three strips FY. Columns CL1 and CL9 each may comprise one type A strip FY-A and one type B strip FY-B. Columns CL2, CL4, CL6 and CL8 each may comprise one type C strip FY-C, one type D strip FY-D and one type E strip FY-E. Columns CL3 and CL7 each may comprise one type F strip FY-F, and column CL5 may comprise two type B strips FY-B. Thus, only six different types of strip FY are employed to provide the 20 strips FY comprising the nine columns CL1-CL9 of 59-segment character display10. Strips FY in a given column may be addressed in the same manner so that only nine column groups need be addressed to energize any combination of the 59 segments.
• Types A-F of strips FY are defined by the number and connection of light sources LS disposed thereon. As illustrated, up to 22 light sources LS may be disposed on each strip FY, however, except for strip FY type B, less than 22 light sources LS are provided. Light sources LS on each strip are grouped into seven or fewer groups thereby to define seven or fewer segments corresponding to rows RW1-RW7 described above, and the seven rows or segments are designated inFIG. 2 by the small numeral within each circle representing a light source LS. As illustrated, strips FY of types A-E each have seven independently addressable segments, and strip FY of type F has five independently addressable segments, wherein each independently addressable segment corresponds to a defined row RW.
• In the example embodiment illustrated, all the types of strips FY include seven segments (groups) of light sources LS except for the type F strip FY which may include only five segments (groups). In general, a display may comprise plural strips FY having the same number of groups of light sources LS (e.g., arranged in seven segments) or may have one or more strips FY comprising fewer than seven segments. One factor affecting the number of segments may be manufacturing cost, e.g., considering the benefit of having all strips FY the same (and more complex) versus the cost savings from using fewer components on certain ones of the strips FY and manufacturing a plurality of (e.g., six) different types of strips FY. In addition to the cost of components, the costs of different versus identical pick-and-place patterns, different versus identical substrates, one type versus six types to handle and inventory, also may affect the overall manufacturing cost.
• Each light source LS is typically provided by one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted to strip FY and selectively energized by conductors and circuits thereon. Preferably, strip FY includes an electronic substrate on which are formed patterned conductors to which the LED light sources LS connect for selectively receiving electrical power. Typically, as described below, strip FY also includes integrated circuits and/or transistors for selectively applying electrical power to the LEDs for selectively energizing the LEDs to cause them to selectively produce light.
• Placement of LEDs D1-D22 on each functional yarn FY in light source positions LS1-LS22 may be selected to make the characters displayed appear more aesthetically pleasing. Thus, the omission of light sources LS1 and LS22 from functional yarn FY-A leaves the four extreme corner positions vacant so that theshorter segments111,119,171,179, provided by three light sources at each corner when illuminated appear more rounded rather than rectangular. Further, certain ones of light sources LS may be assigned to selected segments to also avoid a squared appearance.
• For example, certain rows of light sources LS may be designated as “mixed rows” MR wherein the light sources LS (LEDs) therein comprise a mix of LEDs from two adjacent segments or rows, e.g., for providing an appearance of rounded ends for certain segments. For example, in the “mixed row” MR including light sources LS connected in display rows RW1 and RW2, light sources LS3 of functional yarn FY-B of columns CL1, CL5 and CL9 are energized in the segment of row RW1 and light sources LS3 of functional yarn FY-A and FY-C of columns CL1, CL2, CL6, CL8 and CL9 are energized in the segment of row RW2. Similarly, in the “mixed row” including rows RW3 and RW4, light sources LS7 of functional yarn FY-B of columns CL1, CL5 and CL9 are energized in the segment of row RW4 and light sources LS7 of functional yarn FY-A and FY-C of columns CL1, CL2, CL6, CL8 and CL9 are energized in the segment of row RW3.
• While these mixed rows MR serve to simplify the circuitry for energizing light sources LS and in certain cases may improve the aesthetics of particular characters of the font, certain of these mixed rows MR may be considered introduce a “defect” (e.g., undesired shape) into the font. The light sources LS of any or all of these mixed rows MR could be energized independently rather than as part of an adjacent row RW, if desired. E.g., as shown, rows LS7 and LS17 are not considered to introduce a defect whereas rows LS3, LS10, LS13 and LS20 are considered to introduce a defect into the font.
• It is noted that while apreferred example display10 is described in terms of “strips” and/or “functional yarn,” a physical embodiment of adisplay10 as described above may be provided on one or more substrates.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an example wovenarticle embodiment200 including at least a portion of asegment display10 including plural strips FY that are “functional yarn” having light sources LS arranged thereon to provide rows and columns of light sources. Functional yarn FY are interwoven with insulatingyarn210 in one of the warp and the weft, and with insulatingyarn220 in the other of the warp and the weft. Interwoven inarticle200 are electricallyconductive yarn240,242,244 preferably in a direction transverse to the direction of functional yarn FY. Functional yarn FY are arranged adjacent each other, i.e. in side-by-side arrangement, and may be woven in either the warp or the weft ofarticle200, but are preferably woven in the weft.
• “Functional yarn” FY is yarn including certain elements and/or devices for performing a function electrically or electronically. Specifically, functional yarn FY is yarn suitable for weaving and comprises a substrate that has electronic conductors and electronic devices thereon for performing a circuit function. Electronic devices may include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, hybrid circuits, integrated circuits, devices including combinations thereof, and other electronic devices. Typically, one or more of the electrical conductors EC thereon provide one or more contact sites (contacts), e.g.,contacts230,232,234, at which electrical connection can be made with the electrical circuit(s) of functional yarn FY, e.g., for applying electrical potential or current thereto and/or for communicating signals to or from functional yarn FY.
• Examples of functional yarn, textiles, woven articles, and a method for weaving textiles and woven articles including functional yarn, and addressing thereof, are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/366,441, filed Feb. 13, 2003 by Ian G. Hill et al, entitled “WOVEN ELECTRONIC TEXTILE AND ARTICLE,” which is U.S. patent publication 2004/0009729 published Jan. 15, 2004, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
• In thearticle200 illustrated, which may be part of a larger article, four functional yarn FY disposed adjacent each other are separated from each other by three insulatingyarn220 all lying in the same direction, i.e. side by side. Insulatingyarn210 are interwoven transversely to functional yarn FY and insulatingyarn220. Electricallyconductive yarn240,242,244 are interwoven transversely to functional yarn FY and insulatingyarn220 in positions to overliecontact sites230,232,234, respectively, of each functional yarn FY, and are separated from each other, and are electrically isolated from each other, by one or moreinsulating yarn210.
• The spacing between adjacent functional yarn FY (i.e. the “pitch” thereof) may be defined by the number of insulatingyarn220 woven therebetween and/or the width or diameter thereof, as well as by the tightness of the weave. Simmilary, the spacing between adjacent electricallyconductive yarn240,242,244 (i.e. the “pitch” thereof) may be defined by the number of insulatingyarn210 woven therebetween and/or the width or diameter thereof, as well as by the tightness of the weave.
• The example functional yarn FY illustrated has three electrical contact sites (contacts)230,232,234, proximate one end thereof, however, electrical contacts may be provided at or near one or both ends of functional yarn FY and/or at one or more locations intermediate its ends.Contacts230,232 may be for receiving electrical potential, e.g., with relatively positive potential V+ applied atcontact230 viaconductive yarn240 and with relatively negative potential V− applied atcontact232 viaconductive yarn242. Either one thereof may be considered as a reference potential, e.g., “ground” potential. Contact234 may be for receiving an electrical signal viaconductive yarn244, e.g., a signal or signals for actuating and/or otherwise controlling one or more functions that may be preformed by the electrical circuit of functional yarn FY. In the example embodiment described, contact234 receives viaconductive yarn244 an addressing signal that identifies a particular one or ones of functional yarn FY and that provides instructions for controlling the illumination of selected light sources LS on the addressed functional yarn FY.
• Examples of suitable electrically conductive and electrically insulating yarn are also described in U.S. patent Publication 2004/0009729. Examples of preferred electrically conductive yarn, e.g.,yarn240,242,244 may include copper wire as well as braided or woven copper wire, such as a coaxial cable braided outer conductor or Litz wire where the current to be carried is of significant amperage. Two or more electrically conductive yarn may be woven contiguously for obtaining higher current-carrying capacity.
• An integrated circuit U1 receives electrical potential and addressing signals via electricallyconductive yarn240,242,244, electrical conductors EC, andcontacts230,232,234, respectively. Circuit U1 decodes the addressing signals, and provides electrical signals responsive to the decoded addressing signals via various other electrical conductors EC for controlling the activation of various ones of light sources LS thereon. Each light source LS is connected, e.g., to receive potential V+ via an electrical conductor EC fromcontact230 and to selectively receive a less positive actuating potential via an electrical conductor EC from integrated circuit U1.
• As illustrated, wovenarticle200 includes rows RW1-RW4 and columns CL3-CL6 of a row-column matrix display. As illustrated, each functional yarn FY provides one column and includes four light sources LS identified to respective rows RW1-RW4 of adisplay10, however, additional light sources, e.g., three light sources LS for rows RW5-RW7, of a display not shown.
• Addressing signals may be communicated serially viaconductive yarn244 andcontacts234 to integrated circuits U1 on each of the functional yarn FY. The addressing signals may include an address portion and a control portion, and may include a synchronization portion and a verification portion such as a parity check and the like. The integrated circuit U1 of each functional yarn FY may have a unique address or identifying number associated therewith, e.g., as by programming into a ROM, PROM, EEPROM, or other memory therein or associated therewith. If the addressing signal contains the unique address or unique identifying number of a particular integrated circuit U1, then that integrated circuit U1 responds to its own address or identifying number to store (latch) the control signal portion associated therewith, while ignoring addressing signals containing other addresses or identifying numbers. Such circuit is sometimes referred to as an addressable latching decoder or ALD.
• In response to the stored control signal addressed to it, each integrated circuit U1 decodes the associated control signal for performing the function represented thereby. For illustrated functional yarn FY, that response includes turning on and turning off various ones of light sources LS on that functional yarn FY, either for a given time or until a subsequent addressing signal containing a different control signal is received. Light sources LS may simply be turned on and off, thereby to provide the desired illuminated message. In the illustrated embodiment, integrated circuit U1 is preferably an addressable latching seven-segment decoder, e.g., for operating adisplay10 as illustrated inFIGS. 1A-1B and2.
• Alternatively, the light sources LS of each segment may be turned partially on in a controlled manner, e.g., as by applying a reduced potential or a pulse-width or other time modulated potential thereto, or by controlling the current flowing therethrough, so as to controllably provide light at a desired level, e.g, at a level between 0% and 100% of the fully-energized light output. As a result, adisplay200 can provide a gray-scale pattern so as to display images as well as characters. Where a graphics display is desired, each functional yarn preferably includes a full complement of light sources LS and further preferably, each light source LS is independently controllable via the action of an addressable latching decoder U1. Such display would be suitable, e.g., to display a scrolling character message not possible on the particular display illustrated inFIG. 2 which has less than the full complement of light sources LS.
• Thewoven article200 ofFIG. 3 illustrates aportion200 of a character, e.g., of acharacter display10 as illustrated inFIGS. 1A, 1B and2.Character display10 may be woven as individual characters that are later assembled into a display having plural characters, or may be woven in a long fabric includingmany characters10. In such arrangement, which is presently preferred, functional yarn FY are woven into the weft and electricallyconductive yarn240,242,244 are woven into the warp, and so the length in the warp direction may be as long as the warp yarn permit, which could be hundreds of meters or more.
• Spacing betweenadjacent characters10,200 may be provided by regions having a number of insulatingweft yarn220 woven therein, i.e. a number greater than the number of insulatingweft yarn220 between adjacent functional yarn FY of acharacter display10. The number of insulatingyarn220 selected to provide a desired spacing given the diameter/width of the weft yarn and/or the tightness of the weave. Displays having any desired number ofcharacters10,200 may then be provided by cutting a length of the woven display that includes the desired number of characters, typically cutting across the warp yarn in one of the spaces between adjacent character displays10,200.
• Further, punctuation such as a period, comma, semi-colon, colon or hyphen, for example, may be provided in a fixed position by functional yarn FY woven in the weft in any one or more of the spacing regions betweenadjacent characters10,200, e.g., with insulating weft yarn to both sides thereof for a desired spacing of the punctuation mark from theadjacent characters10,200, in the desired position. Typically, only one or two adjacent functional yarn FY would be sufficient to provide a punctuation mark, and each would need to have only those light sources LS in one or a few rows RW operable, and so would only require a few of LEDs D1-D22.
• While the foregoing arrangement may be preferred, other arrangements of woven character displays as described could be provided. For example, a set of five strips each having seven LED segments thereon could be employed to provide a 5×7 element matrix character display, or seven strips each having nine LED segments could provide a 7×9 element matrix display; or any other desired character display arrangement may be provided by selecting the number of strips and light source arrangement thereon. A 5×7 element matrix character display would require only 35 LEDs, i.e. seven on each of five independently addressed functional yarn FY. More aesthetically pleasing characters, e.g., characters appearing to have rounded corners, can be provided by additional LEDs in any of the described character displays, of which display10 ofFIG. 2 is an example.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an example circuit suitable for an electrically functional yarn FY, such as that shown inFIG. 3. A functional yarn substrate providing an electrical conductor pattern for realizing this example circuit when all the illustrated electrical components are mounted thereon is also suitable for providing several different types of functional yarn FY, e.g., simply by omitting selected ones of the resistors and LEDs shown and by appropriately selecting the values of certain resistors, e.g., including to provide a short circuit (zero ohm value, as by providing a jumper wire).
• The addressing, latching and decoding functions of circuit U1 described herein are provided by integrated circuits U2 and U3. Integrated circuit U2 may be an addressable switch that receives addressing signals atdata pin2 and provides signals at output pins PIO-A and PIO-B responsive to the addressing signals. Integrated circuit U3 may be a latched shift register that provides outputs for driving the seven-segments of LEDs responsive to signals PIO-A and PIO-B from integrated circuit U2 for selectively actuating ones of transistors Q1-Q7 which correspond to the seven display segments. Segment transistors Q1-Q7 when actuated selectively energize ones of LEDs D1-D22 for producing light from selected ones of the seven segments LS1-LS7.
• Each of the seven segments is controlled by a respective drive transistor Q1-Q7 and may include one, two, three or four LED light sources including ones of LEDs D1-D22. Resistors R1-R54 have resistance values selected to provide the desired current flow in the present ones of LEDs D1-D22 and for biasing integrated circuit U2. Resistance values may range between zero ohms, e.g., a wire jumper, and an open circuit provided by an omitted resistor, however, in a typical example circuit most resistance values are between zero and 200 ohms, while biasing resistors, e.g., R8, R9, are typically greater than about 1000 ohms, e.g., in the range of about 1000 to 10,000 ohms, to “pull up” the voltage at the input terminals of integrated circuit U3. Typically, resistors R1-R7 connected to the emitters of transistors Q1-Q7 are about 200 ohms for setting a desired current level of about 20 ma for the ones of LEDs D1-D22 that are present given the typical output voltage of about 4.7 volts provided at the output terminals of integrated circuit U3.
• Resistors R10-R54 in the collector circuits of Q1-Q7 may be omitted (i.e. provide a relatively high resistance value (e.g., open circuit)) or may be a very low resistance value (e.g., wire jumper) for determining which of transistors Q1-Q7 energize certain ones of LEDs D1-D22 which are provided to provide the desired functionality (e.g., type A through F) of a yarn FY. In addition, ones of LEDs D1-D22 may be omitted or may be replaced by a low resistance value, e.g., a wire jumper, for selecting which of LEDs D1-D22 are energized by which one of transistors Q1-Q7.
• The circuit ofFIG. 4 is suitable for use in any of the type A through type F types of functional yarn FY-A through FY-F described above, wherein the type (or functionality) of a functional yarn is defined by the ones of the LEDs D1-D22 that are included thereon. For purposes of description, consider the 22 light source positions in each of the 20 columns CL ofdisplay10 ofFIG. 2 as being numbered fromnumber1 at the bottom of the Figure to number22 at the top of the Figure, corresponding to LEDs D1-D22, respectively. Then, e.g., a type A functional yarn FY-A would include LEDs D2-D21 and would include a zero-ohm resistor in the places of LEDs D1 and D22. Resistors R10, R12, R16, R20, R22, R26, R28, R30, R32, R37, R39, R42, R46, R48, R49, R51 and R53 thereof are zero-arm resistors, and resistors R11, R13, R14, R15, R17, R18, R19, R21, R23, R24, R25, R27, R29, R31, R33, R34, R35, R36, R38, R40, R41, R43, R44, R45, R47, R50, R52 and R54 are omitted. Further, a type B functional yarn FY-B would include LEDs D1-D22, a type C functional yarn FY-C would include LEDs D1-D4, D9-D14 and D19-D22 and would omit LEDs D4-D8 and D15-D18, and so forth. Thus thedisplay10 which has 20×22=440 possible light source positions may provide a versatile character display utilizing only 316 LEDs D1-D22 in 316 selected positions.
• Suitable electronic devices include, for example, for device U2 a type DS2406 dual addressable switch plus 1 K-bit memory integrated circuit available from Maxim Integrated Products, Sunnyvale, Calif. and Dallas Semiconductor, Dallas, Tex., and for device U3 a type SN74LV595ARGYR latched shift register available from Texas Instruments, Dallas, Tex. Transistors Q1-Q7 may be any general purpose NPN transistor of which a type FMMT449SOT NPN transistor is an example. Suitable LEDs are available from several commercial sources including, for example, types LTST-C 150KRKT, LTST-C150KYKT, and LTST-C150KGKT, which are red-light emitting, amber-light emitting and green-light emitting LEDs, respectively, available from Lite-On Technology Corp. located in Taipei, Taiwan. One or more capacitors, e.g., C1, may be provided for filtering the power source potential.
• While only a single source of electrical power is necessary to operate a functional yarn FY in a display as described, it may be desirable in certain instances to provide electrical power at more than one potential. In the illustrated circuit ofFIG. 4, for example, electrical power may be provided at a relatively higher voltage designated Vcc for operating LEDs D1-D22, e.g., at about +12 volts, and at a lower potential designated V+ for operating integrated circuits U2 and U3, e.g., at about +3.3 volts DC with respect to ground potential designated as V− or GND. Typically, all of the LEDs D1-D22 in any given segment are connected in series and are energized together, e.g., from potential Vcc, however, any suitable combination of series and parallel connected LEDs may be utilized.
• Thus, each functional yarn FY preferably includes an addressable latched driver (ALD) integrated circuit U1 (e.g.,FIG. 3) that has a unique address or identifier by which it can be addressed and by which control signals for the elements on the functional yarn FY may be communicated to it. Integrated circuit U1 performs comparable functions to those described herein in relation to integrated circuits U2/U3. Preferably, integrated circuit U1 includes circuitry for recognizing its address or identifier, and then responding to the signal or signals associated therewith for selectively energizing ones of the LEDs D1-D22. Most preferably, integrated circuit U1 also includes the transistors Q1-Q7 and the resistors R1-R7, or the equivalents thereof, for providing a controllable current drive to LEDs D1-D22.
• Each ALD circuit U1/U2/U3 responds to a serially applied addressing signal data stream SIGNAL that contain its address or identifier to receive and decode the addressing signal for turning on and/or turning off (in whole or in part) the LEDs of the particular segments included thereon. Each segment may include one or more light sources, e.g., LEDs D1-D22, arranged in a number of segmcnts, e.g., seven or less, that can be independently controlled by the ALD circuit U1/U2/U3, e.g., with each segment connected to a different output of the ALD circuit U1/U2/U3.
• FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of anexample display500 including plural wovenarticles510,520530 providing character displays512,522,532. Each ofwoven articles510,520,530 comprises a length of woven fabric including a plurality of woven character displays512,522,532, e.g., of the sort described in relation toFIGS. 1A-1B,2 and3 above. Each has functional yarn FY woven therein as described above and is addressable via electrical conductors thereof, e.g.,conductors240,242,244 disposed proximate a bottom edge thereof.
• Plural displays510a,510b,510cof like type may be of the same type of display510. E.g., displays510a,510band510cmay be lengths of woven display cut from a longer length of woven display510.Display520 may be, e.g., a length of wovendisplay520 cut from a longer length of a relatively largerwoven display520.Display530 may be, e.g., a length of woven display510 cut from a longer length of a woven display530 (or may be a length of woven display510 cut from a longer length of woven display510 if the desiredcharacters532 are the same size as characters512). Alternatively, any one or more ofdisplays510,520,530 may be woven with the length, width and number ofcharacter areas512,522,532 appropriate for a givendisplay500, or any one or more ofcharacters512,522,532 may be woven as individual characters.
• In a preferred arrangement, lengths ofdisplays510,520 and530 are cut from longer lengths of wovendisplays510,520,530 and are assembled onto abacking substrate550, e.g., by being sewn and/or adhesively attached and/or thermally welded thereto. As a result, adisplay500 of relatively large size may be provided from a fewstandardized display components510,520 that can be manufactured in greater quantity and at a relatively lower per unit cost. This simplifies the weaving of thedisplay elements512,522,532 as compared to the direct weaving of acomplete display500, e.g., by reducing the number of types of functional yarn FY needed and needing to be handled and organized for weaving.Substrate550 is preferably a fabric so as to have drape and ease as do the component displays510,520,530, e.g., for easy foldability and storage.
• Display500 may also include anoptional frabis substrate552overlying substrate550 and displays510,520,530 and having openings through which thecharacters512,522,532 thereof may be viewed. Suchoverlying substrate552 is typically a fabric covering that hides from view theelectrical conductors540 and the edges ofdisplays510,520,530, e.g., for providing a more “finished” appearance or other aesthetic reasons. Alternatively and optionally,fabric substrate552 may be utilized in place of (without)substrate550, in which case whatever is described as being attached tosubstrate550 would be similarly attached to coversubstrate552.
• Eitherbacking substrate550 orcover substrate552, or both, may be referred to as a common substrate because it may be common to each of a plurality ofdisplays510,520,530, e.g., any one or more of a plurality ofdisplays510,510a,510b,510c,520,530 may be attached thereto or supported thereby.
• Electrical conductors540 receive and distribute electrical power V+ and V− to thevarious displays510,520,530 and also communicate addressing signals SIGNAL thereto. Theelectrical conductors540 include a set of three parallel conductors having various branches for each ofdisplays510,520,530. In an example arrangement, V+, V− and SIGNAL are applied to a set of threeparallel conductors542 disposed proximate the lower edge ofdisplay500, from which they are applied todisplays510a,510b,510cvia sets of threeparallel conductors544a,544b,544c,respectively, and to display520 via a set of threeparallel conductors546, and to display530 via a set of threeparallel conductors548.
• Electrical conductors540 and thebranches542,544,546,548 thereof may be woven infabric substrate550 or may be otherwise attached thereto, e.g., sewn and/or adhesively attached and/or thermally welded.Electrical conductors540 and thebranches542,544,546,548 thereof include three conductors that connect to theelectrical conductors240,242,244, respectively, of each of thedisplays510,520,530, e.g., by solder and/or electrically conductive adhesive and/or by physical contact where electrically conductive yarn in the warp and weft cross each other, for applying electrical power V+, V− and addressing signals SIGNAL thereto. Insulated crossovers of electrically conductive yarn, e.g., wherebranches544bconnects to branch544 and wherebranches544,544cand546 connect toconductors542, may be provided by electrically insulating yarn interwoven to provide electrical isolation in the regions of such crossovers.
• Adisplay10,200,500 as described herein is suitable for signage or other display application, and may be conformed to an irregularly-shaped support or object because the woven article or fabric is flexible and conformable, as is any textile i.e. it exhibits ease and drape. Further, such display may be folded, rolled up or otherwise reduced in size for convenient storage and/or shipping. Because thedisplay10 arrangement is suitable for fabrication on a loom, including a modem, high-speed, programmable loom, electronic signs and other displays may be made in relatively high volume and at relatively low cost.
• Further, the addressable features described herein provide for woven/fabric displays to be manufactured in relatively long lengths and then cut to a desired length and/or size, and either utilized as is or be sewn or otherwise assembled with other similar displays, as may be desired. In addition, because the described display is addressable and/or programmable, e.g., using a laptop computer, it is suitable for displaying a static or periodically changing message that a user might desire to display. Further, because the addressing may be programmed after the display or elements thereof have been fabricated, the fabricated woven display elements may be interchangeable until they are committed to a particular display or usage, thereby to reduce the relative level of inventory desired to meet various levels of customer demand for such displays.
• FIGS. 6A, 6B and6C are schematic diagrams of anexample method700,700′,700″ for providing an addressing protocol suitable for use with the example displays10,200,500 ofFIGS. 1-5. and are described in general and specifically in the following paragraphs.
• A serial addressing protocol includes at least address or identifier ID bits designated associated with particular ones of the functional yarn FY and/orcharacters10,512,522,532, and character data bits.
• Typically, where addressing is in the manner of Table 1 below, nine bits are sufficient to define character blocks for displays of up to about 500 characters, four bits are sufficient to specify each column grouping CG, CL of nine columns, and seven bits are sufficient to specify the character data. Thus, addressing in this manner requires 20 bits for each of nine columns, or 180 bits per character. Also typically, where addressing is in the manner of Table 2 below, nine bits are sufficient to define character blocks for displays of up to about 500 characters, and six bits are sufficient to specify the character data. Thus, addressing in this manner requires only 15 bits per character.
• In addition, the foregoing character identifier and data bits may be preceded by synchronizing bits, and may be followed by parity or other error checking bits, and an end-of-data sequence series of bits, as may be necessary or desired in the case of a particular type of addressable electronic device selected.
• The addressing protocol word preferably includes at least an address for an ALD circuit U1/U2/U3 and character data defining the segment or segments, e.g., the LEDs, of a particular functional yarn FY and/or column that are to be turned on or turned off. Where the LEDs may be partially turned on, the addressing protocol word also includes data characters indication the level (e.g., percent on) for each LED segment. In addition, the addressing protocol word also preferably includes error checking and/or correcting bits, and may also include synchronization bits and/or beginning-of-word and/or end-of-word indicating bits. Addressing protocol words are typically transmitted serially on the addressing conductor SIGNAL at a rate compatible with the electrical characteristics thereof. Faster addressing may be provided by employing plural serial and/or parallel addressing conductors.
• Each ALD U1/U2/U3 compares the address data or identifier ID of each addressing protocol data word to its own address or identifier ID and, if a match is found, it then passes the accompanying character data stream to its internal current driving circuitry. If the serial addressing data word contains the address or ID of an ALD U1/U2/U3, then that ALD latches the character data in its storage registers and applies appropriate electrical signals to its current driving circuitry to apply an appropriate current to the LEDs in the segment that are to be energized in accordance with the character data word. This driving condition is maintained until a different current driving instruction is received via a subsequent addressing signal containing the ALD U1/U2/U3 address or identifier ID. In the example embodiment described, the current driving signals are suitable for a seven-segrnent LED driver arrangement.
• It is noted that the address or identifier ID of each ALD integrated circuit disposed on a functional yarn FY may be programmed or otherwise associated with the ALD integrated circuit prior to its being associated with and attached to a particular functional yarn FY, e.g., in its manufacture and/or testing. In such case, the address or identifier ID of each functional yarn FY would likely be determined after a functional yarn FY has electrical and electronic components thereon, e.g., for each completed functional yarn FY. When the functional yarn FY are incorporated into a display, e.g., are woven into a woven article comprising adisplay10,200,500, the addresses or identifiers ID of each functional yarn FY may be provided to or may be obtained by the display driver software that will control the message to be displayed by thedisplay10,200,500, e.g. from a laptop or other computer. The display driver software then sorts and/or organizes the address associated with each functional yarn into the characters comprising the display and into the column groups thereof.
• In the example ofmethod700 illustrated inFIG. 6A, the address of each of the ALD circuits U1/U2/U3 of each functional yarn FY is predetermined when the functional yarn FY is provided702 for weaving, but the value thereof is unknown, e.g., at the time of weaving. The functional yarn FY are woven704 into a woven article in a correct sequence of types of functional yarn FY to provide the desiredcharacter display10,200,500 arrangement as described. At the completion of weaving, the addresses of the functional yarn FY in the character(s) of the display remain unknown.
• After weaving, the address of each functional yarn is determined706 and the value thereof is stored706 in association of the physical position of the functional yarn FY in the woven article. Typically,such determination706 may be made by probing each functional yarn FY, e.g., by applying a sequence of possible addresses and observing or measuring which functional yarn FY responds to each particular address by illuminating one or more of its segments as commanded, until all possible addresses and/or all functional yarn FY have been tested. A list or table of the addresses and the physical location or order of the functional yarn FY in each character of adisplay10,200,500,510,520,530 is compiled and is stored706 in a programming device, such as a laptop computer, that will be utilized to compose messages to be displayed. Characters may then be displayed by generating708 appropriate addresses using the table of stored addresses to generate the appropriate FY addresses in response to the characters commanded to be displayed.
• Although this aspect ofmethod700 substantially eases the complexity of the pre-weaving steps, it tends to require relatively difficult and/or complex post-weaving steps. Because the addressing of every display is likely to be substantially different from that of any other display, the software for generating addresses for operating any display will require the specific list or table that includes the addresses and positions or order of every functional yarn FY for that particular display.
• In the example ofmethod700′ illustrated inFIG. 6B, the address of each of the ALD circuits U1/U2/U3 of each functional yarn FY is predetermined and is known when the functional yarn FY is provided702 for weaving. The functional yarn FY are woven704 into a woven article in a correct sequence of types of functional yarn FY to provide the desiredcharacter display10,200,500 arrangement as described. During weaving the address of each functional yarn is recorded706′ as that functional yarn is woven704 into the woven article. Thus, at the completion of weaving, the addresses of each functional yarn FY and its position or order in the character(s) of the display is known. This may be accomplished by computerized reading and keeping track of the address of each functional yarn, e.g., the functional yarn FY are provided in a sequence of known addresses (which may or may not be sequential or in any predetermined order), or by electrically probing each functional yarn FY before or as it is woven.
• At completion of weaving, the address of each functional yarn and its position or order in the character and display is known and has been recorded706′, e.g., in a list or table, e.g., in a programming device. The recorded706′ list or table of the addresses and the physical location of the functional yarn FY in each character of adisplay10,200,500,510,520,530 recorded706′ in a programming device, such as a laptop computer, may be utilized to compose messages to be displayed. Characters may then be displayed by generating708 appropriate addresses using the table of recorded addresses to generate the appropriate FY addresses in response to the characters commanded to be displayed.
• Although this aspect ofmethod700′ is substantially more complex in the pre-weaving steps, it tends to be relatively easy in the post-weaving steps. Because the addressing of every display is likely to be substantially different from any other display, the software for generating addresses for operating any display will require the specific list or table that includes the addresses and positions of every functional yarn FY for that particular display.
• Alternatively, it may be desirable that the address or identifier ID of each ALD integrated circuit be programmable after the ALD U1/U2/U3 is assembled into a functional yarn FY and the functional yarn FY has been woven into a fabric or woven article. Such programmability may be provided by connectiong (shorting) or by opening a number of connections. E.g., a number of ground connections and/or fusible links may be provided that can be severed or otherwise rendered an open circuit after the functional yarn FY has been woven into a woven article comprising a display. Such connections may be severed by scribing or other mechanical means, by a laser, by an electrical current, or by another known method.
• An advantage of this arrangement is that the functional yarn in a particular column grouping CL may be given the same address or identifier ID, because they will always be energized in the same manner. Where the number of characters in adisplay10,200,500 is 500 or less, and the number of column groupings CL per character is nine or less, then the address or identifier will require fourteen or fewer bits. =p In the example ofmethod700″ illustrated inFIG. 6C, the address of each of the ALD circuits U1/U2/U3 of each functional yarn FY is not known when the functional yarn FY is provided702 for weaving, but the value thereof is programmable, e.g., at any desired time. The functional yarn FY are woven704 into a woven article in a correct sequence of types of functional yarn FY to provide the desiredcharacter display10,200,500,510,520,530 arrangement as described. At the completion of weaving, the addresses of the functional yarn FY in the character(s) of the display remain to be programmed.
• After weaving, the address of each functional yarn is programmed706″ preferably in a standardized sequence or order, e.g., from a predetermined list or table of values thereof in known relation to the physical position or order of the functional yarn FY in the wovenarticle10,200,500. Typically, such programming may be by means described herein. The list or table of the addresses and the physical location of the functional yarn FY in each character of adisplay10,200,500,510,520,530 is stored706 in a programming device, which may be a laptop computer that will also be utilized to compose messages to be displayed. Characters may then be displayed by generating708 appropriate addresses using the predetermined list or table of addresses to generate the appropriate FY addresses in response to the characters commanded to be displayed.
• An advantage of this aspect of themethod700″ is that it substantially eases the complexity of the pre-weaving steps and is only moderately difficult in the post-weaving steps. A further advantage is that because the list or table of addresses is standardized and is nrogrammed into each display; then every disnlay may be substantially the same and may be operated by any programming device having the standardized address list or table, thereby to standardizedisplays10,200,500 and allow relatively easy interchangeability.
• As a result in each of the foregoing arrangements, the address of each functional yarn FY in wovenarticle10,200,510,520,530 is known in relation to its position or order in the woven article and so may be employed for generating addressing signals for addressingdisplay10,200,500,510,520,530.
• The addressing arrangement may take any one of several forms. Consider Table 1 which illustrates a typical set of character data commands for asingle character display10,512,522,532, displaying the first character (“char 1”) by specifying each column group (“CG_”) into which functional yarn FY are defined and a data value (“data_”) associated therewith:

  TABLE 1
  ALD Command without ROM

  Command	Operation
  char
  1, CG1,data 127	All segments on
  char 1, CG2,data 9	Segments 1 & 4 ON, all other segments OFF.
  char 1, CG3,data 9	Segments 1 & 4 ON, all other segments OFF.
  char 1, CG4,data 9	Segments 1 & 4 ON, all other segments OFF.
  char 1, CG5,data 9	Segments 1 & 4 ON, all other segments OFF.
  char 1, CG6,data 9	Segments 1 & 4 ON, all other segments OFF.
  char 1, CG7,data 9	Segments 1 & 4 ON, all other segments OFF.
  char 1, CG8,data 9	Segments 1 & 4 ON, all other segments OFF.
  char 1, CG9,data 127	All segments on

• For a nine-column character format, as in the above example of Table 1, nine separate commands are required to specify the segments RW for each of the nine columns CG, CL that are to be energized for displaying the letter “A” or any other character, because each column CG, CL is addressed independently. This arrangement may add bits, e.g., 2 or 3 bits, to the address/identifier ID of the addressing word in order to specify the column group CG, CL. While this arrangement requires a relatively higher number of data bits be communicated to the various functional yarn for communicating control signals thereto, the data rate required therefor is typically attainable for a static or relatively slowly changing message, e.g., a scrolling message.
• The addressing signal may be further simplified where each functional yarn FY includes a memory element, e.g., a ROM, PROM, EEPROM, into which is stored transformation data for converting a character designation (e.g., designation “32” corresponding to a letter “A” or the data value corresponding to a numeral “5”) into segment designations including appropriate row RW and column CL data. The memory element may be included in the ALD U1/U2/U3 or may be physically separate therefrom. Because the number of data bits to be communicated to the functional yarn FY to define a character to be displayed is relatively lower, this arrangement may be suited to a relatively more quickly changing message, as well as to a static or slowly changing message, e.g., a scrolling message.
• Consider Table 2 which illustrates a typical set of character data commands for asingle character display10,512,522,532, displaying the first character (“char 1”) by specifying the character (letter “A”) that the functional yarn FY of a character display are to display as defined by a data value (“data_”) associated therewith:

  TABLE 2
  ALD Command with ROM

  	Command	Operation
  	char
  1, data 32	Display Letter “A”

• Because the ROM decodes the data value (e.g., “data 32”) to define the column groups CG, CL, and the segments RW thereof, that are to be energized for displaying the letter “A” each letter or block is addressed independently, thereby reducing the number of commands by a factor related to the number of columns CL, CG. Additionally and advantageously, this arrangement allows for a single software interface for addressing anydisplay10,200,500 without the need to modify or customize the software for each application.
• In one example addressing arrangement, a type DS2406 addressable switch U2 is disposed on functional yarn FY and a type DS9097 serial port adaptor is employed to apply addressing and control signals to the SIGNAL conductor. These devices are available from Maxim Integrated Products, and may be utilized in combination with driver software also available from Maxim Integrated Products that provides the necessary digital signals and protocols needed for operating adisplay10 from a Windows-based computer, e.g., a laptop computer, using the BASIC or the C programming language.
• Where the address or identifier ID of the ALD is stored in the ALD U1/U2 either prior to or during the weaving of adisplay10,200,512,522,532, the address or identifier ID of each functional yarn FY may be known in sequence and a database thereof may be made as thedisplay10,200,512,522,532, is woven. If the address or identifier ID is assigned in accordance with a predetermined sequence, e.g., during weaving, then the database thereof may be the same for eachdisplay10,512,522,532, and the need for a database peculiar to eachdisplay10,512,522,532, may be avoided. If the address or identifier ID of the functional yarn FY are assigned before weaving, then the database thereof may made as thedisplay10,512,522,532, is woven, however, the database for eachdisplay10,512,522,532 will be peculiar to that display.
• Where the address or identifier ID of the ALD is stored in the ALD U1/U2 prior to the weaving of adisplay10,200,512,522,532, but is not tracked or controlled during weaving, the address or identifier ID of each functional yarn FY may be determined after weaving by polling the functional yarn FY thereof and a database of the address or identifier ID may be made for thedisplay10,512,522,532. Following the polling to determine the addresses or identifiers ID of the ALD devices U1/U2 of the functional yarn FY that are present in a wovendisplay10,512,522,532, each present functional yarn FY is addressed so as to energize the elements thereon, and the elements that are energized are detected, e.g., either manually or automatically by a detector or sensor, and the position or ordering of each functional yarn FY in the wovenarticle10,200,512,522,532, is noted in the database in relation to the address or identifier ID thereof. The noting or detection of the positions or order may be performed contemporaneously with the polling or may be performed thereafter.
• It is noted that the foregoing addressing arrangement addresses a number of characters irrespective of the size and/or shape of each character, which may be the same or different. This is because everycharacter display10,512,522,532 may be the same electrically at its external electrical interface even though it may be very different in size and/or arrangement of segments. Thus, an advantage accrues in that the addressing is the same for any display or sign10,200,500, of few or many characters of any combination of sizes and arrangements, thereby simplifying the programming of a message, the programming software and the addressing interface. Because thevarious characters10,200512,522,532 may be electrically connected in parallel and may be independently addressed via a serial addressing arrangement SIGNAL, the present arrangement may accommodate widely different styles, sizes, lengths and other variations in thedisplay10,200,500.
• It is noted that the described serial addressing arrangement is well suited to a static display of any size over a range of sizes, i.e. the display is “scalable” in that the serial addressing arrangement is the same independent of the size or number or position of the characters. Thus, the same serial addressing arrangement is suitable irrespective of the size of each character and the number of characters. The same addressing may be utilized whether the character display is relatively smaller (e.g., about 5 cm by 10 cm), or is relatively larger (e.g., about 50 cm by 100 cm), or includes characters of various sizes, and whether the display includes one character or many characters which may be of the same or of different sizes, or any combination thereof.
• It is also noted that the described serial addressing arrangement is well suited to a static display and/or to a slowly changing display, such as a scrolling message display, where control signal data rate and current-carrying requirements are compatible with the number and size of conductors woven into the woven displays described and the electrical characteristics (e.g., resistance and capacitance) thereof. Increased current-carrying capacity of the described arrangement may be provided by electrically conductive yarn of greater cross-sectional dimension and/or by weaving plural electrically conductive yarn in parallel. However, communication data rates permitting video-rate refreshing would be needed for video image presentations, as might be provided by a passive matrix addressing architecture.
• The novel electronic display architecture and addressing arrangement described allows for full character-based programmability for a bistable, emissive, limited connection, fabric-based sign or other display, and in addition to the variations thereof described, other variations will be apparent to one of skill in the art.
• As used herein, the term “about” means that dimensions, sizes, formulations, parameters, shapes and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. In general, a dimension, size, formulation, parameter, shape or other quantity or characteristic is “about” or “approximate” whether or not expressly stated to be such.
• While the present invention has been described in terms of the foregoing example embodiments, variations within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the claims following will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, althoughdisplay10 is described in terms of strips or functional yarn FY woven in a fabric ortextile200,500,display10 need not employ strips or functional yarn FY and, even if strips or functional yarn FY are employed, the strips or functional yarn FY need not be woven into a fabric or textile. While theexample display10 is described as having 20 strips or functional yarn FY arranged in nine column groups, as few as nine strips or functional yarn may be employed, and further, a non-woven embodiment of the display may be provided on one or more substrates.
• Whilecharacter display10 is illustrated as rectangular and bisected relatively symmetrically to define relatively uniform size quadrants Q,display10 may be slanted or tilted, may be asymmetrically divided, may have quadrants Q of different sizes and proportions, may have segments that are curved or straight or a combination thereof, and may otherwise be made regular or irregular. Further, the designations “top” and “bottom” and “left” and “right” as well as the terms “horizontal” and “vertical” are for convenience of description and are not intended as limiting of the orientation of anydisplay10. Similarly, rows may be disposed horizontally and columns vertically, or in any desired orientation therebetween.
• In addition, while the display is described as employing light-emitting diodes as light sources, other suitable light sources may be employed. Examples may include incandescent lights, neon lights, electroluminescent devices, optically reflective elements, optically transmissive elements, and the like.
• While certain examples and/or embodiments are referred to as character displays, it is noted that what may be displayed thereby is not necessarily limited to characters, unless expressly limited thereto. For example, the character displays ofFIGS. 2, 3 and5 may employ “characters” in which all light source positions are operable and so such displays may be utilized to display any character and/or image that can be displayed by the number of independently actuable elements thereon, e.g., up to 20×22=440 elements in each “character” of the illustrated embodiments. Likewise, it is not necessary that any spacing be provided between “characters” so that a pleasing display of a scrolling message or image or moving image may be displayed.

Claims (24)

1. An addressable display embodied in a woven article comprising:

a plurality of yarn interwoven to define a woven article;

a plurality of electrically functional yarn woven into the woven article adjacent each other in one of the warp and the weft of the woven article, wherein groups of adjacent ones of said plurality of electrically functional yarn define plural adjacent characters;

each of said electrically functional yarn including:

an elongate electronic substrate having electrical conductors thereon and a plurality of electrical contact sites connecting to ones of said electrical conductors,

a plurality of display elements disposed along said electronic substrate, and

an addressable electronic device on said substrate connected to said electrical contact sites and to said plurality of display elements via said electrical conductors for controllably energizing said plurality of display elements responsive to electrical power and electrical control signals applied to said electrical contact sites;

a plurality of electrically conductive yarn woven into the woven article in a direction transverse to said plurality of electrically functional yarn, wherein ones of said plurality of electrically conductive yarn overlie and make respective electrical contact with at least two of the electrical contact sites of said plurality of electrically functional yarn;

insulating yarn woven into the woven article in a direction transverse to said plurality of said electrically functional yarn and between ones of said electrically conductive yarn, whereby the ones of said electrically conductive yarn are electrically insulated from each other;

a first of said plurality of electrically conductive yarn for receiving a source of electrical power connected thereto, whereby electrical power is applied to the addressable electronic devices of each of said plurality of electrically functional yarn via the first electrically conductive yarn; and

a second of said plurality of electrically conductive yarn for receiving electrical control signals for addressing said addressable electronic devices for controllably energizing selected ones of said plurality of display elements of said electrically functional yarn,

whereby electrical power and electrical control signals may be applied to said plurality of electrically functional yarn for controllably energizing ones of said plurality of display elements responsive to the electrical control signals applied to said addressable electronic devices.

2. The addressable display ofclaim 1 wherein the addressable electronic devices of the electrically functional yarn defining an addressable character have the same address, and wherein that address is different from the addresses of the electrically functional yarn defining any other addressable character, whereby each addressable character is addressed by one address.

3. The addressable display ofclaim 2 wherein the address of said addressable electronic device is determined either (a) prior to said addressable electronic device being on said substrate, or (b) after said addressable electronic device is on said substrate.

4. The addressable display ofclaim 2 wherein the address of said addressable electronic device determined after said addressable electronic device is on said substrate is determined either (a) prior to said electrically functional yarn being woven into said woven article or (b) after said electrically functional yarn is woven into said woven article.

5. The addressable display ofclaim 1 wherein each of the adjacent characters comprises a plurality of column groups of one or more adjacent functional yarn, and wherein the addressable electronic devices of said electrically functional yarn defining a column group has the same address, and wherein that address is different from the addresses of the electrically functional yarn defining any other column group, whereby each addressable character is addressed by a number of addresses of like number to the number of column groups thereof.

6. The addressable display ofclaim 5 wherein the address of said addressable electronic device is determined either (a) prior to said addressable electronic device being on said substrate, or (b) after said addressable electronic device is on said substrate.

7. The addressable display ofclaim 5 wherein the address of said addressable electronic device determined after said addressable electronic device is on said substrate is determined either (a) prior to said electrically functional yarn being woven into said woven article or (b) after said electrically functional yarn is woven into said woven article.

8. The addressable display ofclaim 1 further comprising:

a common substrate on which said woven article is disposed;

at least one additional woven article as set forth inclaim 1 disposed on said common substrate;

a first electrical conductor of said common substrate coupled to the respective first electrically conductive yarn of each of said woven articles for coupling electrical power thereto; and

a second electrical conductor of said common substrate coupled to the respective second electrically conductive yarn of each of said woven articles for coupling electrical control signals thereto; and

whereby electrically power and electrical control signals are applied via the electrical conductors of said common substrate for addressing said addressable electronic devices for controllably energizing selected ones of said plurality of display elements of said electrically functional yarn of said woven article and of said additional woven article.

9. The addressable display ofclaim 8 wherein the characters defined by said woven article are of like shape and size to the characters defined by said at least one additional woven article, or wherein the characters defined by said woven article are of different shape or are of different size or are of different shape and size than the characters defined by said at least one additional woven article.

10. An addressable display comprising:

a woven article including electrically conductive yarn woven transversely to functional yarn woven therein for defining a display having one or more character regions;

each functional yarn having an addressable device and plural display elements thereon, wherein the addressable device is responsive to addressing signals received via said electrically conductive yarn for selectively controlling energization of the plural display elements;

wherein adjacent ones of said functional yarn define a character region of the display or define column groups defining a character region of the display; and

said electrically conductive yarn of the woven article conducting addressing signals to serially address said addressable devices of said functional yarn for selectively energizing said plural display elements thereof.

11. The addressable display ofclaim 10 wherein the addressable devices of the functional yarn defining a character region have the same address, and wherein that address is different from the addresses of the functional yarn defining any other character region, whereby each character region is addressed by one address.

12. The addressable display ofclaim 11 wherein the address of said addressable device is determined either (a) prior to said addressable device being on said functional yarn, or (b) after said addressable device is on said functional yarn.

13. The addressable display ofclaim 11 wherein the address of said addressable device determined after said addressable device is on said functional yarn is determined either (a) prior to said functional yarn being woven into said woven article or (b) after said functional yarn is woven into said woven article.

14. The addressable display ofclaim 10 wherein the addressable devices of the functional yarn defining a column group have the same address, and wherein that address is different from the addresses of the functional yarn defining any other column group, whereby each character region is addressed by a number of addresses of like number to the number of column groups thereof.

15. The addressable display ofclaim 14 wherein the address of said addressable device is determined either (a) prior to said addressable device being on said functional yarn, or (b) after said addressable device is on said functional yarn.

16. The addressable display ofclaim 14 wherein the address of said addressable device determined after said addressable device is on said functional yarn is determined either (a) prior to said functional yarn being woven into said woven article or (b) after said functional yarn is woven into said woven article.

17. The addressable display ofclaim 10 further comprising:

a common substrate on which said woven article is disposed;

at least one additional woven article as set forth inclaim 10 disposed on said common substrate;

a first electrical conductor of said common substrate coupled to a respective first electrically conductive yarn of each of said woven articles for coupling electrical power thereto; and

a second electrical conductor of said common substrate coupled to a respective second electrically conductive yarn of each of said woven articles for coupling electrical control signals thereto,

whereby electrically power and electrical control signals are applied via the electrical conductors of said common substrate for addressing said addressable devices for controllably energizing selected ones of said plural display elements of said functional yarn of said woven article and of said additional woven article.

18. The addressable display ofclaim 17 wherein the characters defined by said woven article are of like shape and size to the characters defined by said at least one additional woven article, or wherein the characters defined by said woven article are of different shape or are of different size or are of different shape and size than the characters defined by said at least one additional woven article.

19. A method for providing an addressable display embodied in a woven article having a plurality of functional yarn woven therein, wherein each functional yarn includes an addressable device and plural display elements, wherein the addressable device has an address and is responsive to addressing signals including that address for selectively controlling energization of the plural display elements, said method comprising:

providing functional yarn including the addressable device and plural display elements;

weaving the functional yarn into the woven article in defined positions or order;

providing a list or table of the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn in relation to its position or order in the woven article from which addressing signals may be generated,

whereby the list or table of addresses may be employed for generating addressing signals including the address of the addressable device of a particular functional yarn for selectively controlling energization of the plural display elements thereon.

20. The method ofclaim 19 wherein the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn is unknown at said weaving the functional yarn into the woven article, the method after said weaving further comprising:

determining the address and position or order of each functional yarn in the woven article; and

storing the determined address and position or order in the list or table of addresses.

21. The method ofclaim 19 wherein the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn is known at said weaving the functional yarn into the woven article, and wherein said providing a list or table of the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn in relation to its position or order in the woven article comprises:

recording the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn in the list or table of addresses in the order in which the functional yarn are woven into the woven article.

22. The method ofclaim 21 wherein said providing functional yarn includes:

providing functional yarn in an order having a known sequence of addresses of the addressable devices thereon; or

determining the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn before or in conjunction with said weaving the functional yarn into the woven article.

23. The method ofclaim 19 wherein the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn is programmable but is not programmed at said weaving the functional yarn into the woven article, and

wherein said providing a list or table of the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn in relation to its position or order in the woven article includes providing a predetermined list or table of addresses in relation to position or order in the woven article;

the method after said weaving further comprising:

programming the address of the addressable device of each functional yarn in accordance with the predetermined list or table of addresses in relation to position or order in the woven article.

24. The method ofclaim 19 wherein said providing functional yarn includes providing functional yarn of different types; and wherein said weaving the functional yarn into the woven article in defined positions or order includes selecting functional yarn by particular type in a sequence of types for defining a character or for defining column groups of a character.

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