First Name	Character	16
Last Name	Character	16
Middle Name/Initial	Character	10
Office Address	Character	22
Work Phone	Number	10
Mobile Phone	Number	10
Social Security Number*	Number	9
Mother's Maiden Name*	Character	16

TABLE 2


Identity and Security

	Identity type	Field Type	Field Length

Social Security Number*	Number	9
Mother's Maiden Name*	Character	16
Password	Character	16
Password reminder string	Character	22
E-mail Address	Character	22

The asterisk (*) indicates that the fields could form a primary key to the table. In a preferred embodiment, each field in each tuple is assigned a security classification, the details of which will be discussed below with reference to security. Referential integrity and Entity integrity of the information objects stored in these tables is preferably ensured. Tables can be joined according to well-known techniques such as inner and outer joins. Views on tables can be formed by combining information objects from several tables. The tables, once formed are preferably normalized to make an efficient usage of the space.

Other tables, the schema for which are not described, are established to store information such as user's contact information (comprising home and work address, telephone and facsimile numbers, address of a nearest relative in case of an emergency, personal web home page address, personal web bookmarks, design of a portal); employment-related information (employer name, address, job title, job classification, salary range, supervisor's name and phone number, and the like): personal demographic information (sex, age, date of birth, marital status, spouse information); property-related information (own/rent home, amount of money in various bank accounts, ownership of stocks or other securities, property ownership information, personal property such as car, boat, private jet, and other details); health related information (types of medication currently used, surgeries undergone, type of drugs that tend to cause allergic reactions, smoking/drinking habits, hospitalization information, status of the several parts of the body, dental records, eye care information, genetic information, family medical history, etc); biometric information (retina scan, samples of speech, finger prints, DNA sequences, and other information); credit related information (rent/mortgage payments, landlord/lender's name, address, phone number, credit card information and the like); personal preferences (movies, travel, books, frequent flier club memberships, important dates such as birthdays, anniversary dates, magazine subscriptions, etc); preferences such as choice of long-distance company, the features used in one's telephone service such as call waiting, call forwarding, three-way calling; names of friends and family members; travel preferences such as preferred airline, class of travel, whether an aisle or a window seat is preferred, whether a rental car is required, what size car is required; hotel preferences such as smoking/non-smoking section, any wake-up call is required, and if so, at what time, the type of amenities preferred or required at the hotel; pleasure-related preferences such as tee-time at a golf course, theater preferences, seat preferences, etc; or preferences for billing and payment methods (cash, credit/debit card, and the like). It should be noted that the type of information that can be stored in these tables can be unlimited. There is no requirement that all the pieces of information need to be furnished, since arequester105 of information will be provided only that which is made available with thedata base130 or that which is authorized to be released to therequester105.

A requester105 that requests information also identifies himself and presents authorization from theuser103. Tables are also devised to store such requester's identification and authorization information for storage in thedatabase108. All accesses of information are recorded to generate a verifiable audit trail. Tables to store such audit information are designed in thedatabase108, preferably in a secure partition reachable only by persons with a very high security clearance.

Configuring the Server Computer

In a preferred embodiment, theserver computer100 is configured—in addition to being configured as a web server—to include a number of modules: a useraccount establishment module110; a useraccount management module112; a personalinformation collection module114; arequest reception module116; anauthorization verification module118; asecurity module120; a database interface module130: a statistics module140; and areport generation module150. Theserver computer100 preferably includes a trusted computer base (TCB) comprising a secure kernel, which includes thesecurity module120. Most of the security relevant code is stored in the secure kernel. All security relevant events are audited, recorded. Further, events that signal any breach of security are defined and programmed. Upon the occurrence of such an event, an action, including sending an alarm to a predefined entity or person, is performed. Preferably, the modules are implemented as independent memory-resident processes—such as UNIX™ processes—capable of communicating with each other using inter-process communication facilities such as queues, semaphores, sockets, pipes, shared memory and the like. These modules can be programmed by persons skilled in the art using programming languages and techniques such as C, C++, Java or Enterprise Java Beans. It should be noted that the number, nature and functionality of the modules described herein could be differently designed by other designers, and therefore should not be a limiting factor in construing the invention.

Referring toFIGS. 2 and 3, in a preferred embodiment, theuser103 accesses the PIRSP's web site whereupon theserver computer100 first establishes a secure connection with the user computer104 (step202).

Theserver computer100 comprises at least one of a plurality of web pages such as theweb page300, which are displayed on theuser computer104. When theweb page300 is displayed, theuser103 is allowed to set up an account with the PIRSP, by entering his name or other identifier in afirst text field302, optionally entering a password string in asecond text field304 and selecting apush button310 to transmit theweb page300 to the server computer100 (step204). In other embodiments, theuser103 provides information to the PIRSP, which information comprises a name, a billing address, a contact E-mail address.

TheCGI programs107 executing on theserver computer100 receive theweb page300, and invoke the useraccount establishment module110 to create a new account for theuser103. This process includes allocating an account number to theuser103, which account number is preferably stored in the database108 (step206). In a preferred embodiment, this process of receiving and transmitting packets of data is performed by theCGI programs107 during all interactions with theserver computer100. Therefore, in the following, this description is omitted.

The useraccount management module112 comprises code configured to record every access of the user's personal information by theuser103 in thedatabase108. This establishes an audit trail for a subsequent use (step208).

Theuser103 thereafter enters his personal information such as the kind of information described before, by entering the information via text or other selections made in web pages displayed by the server computer100 (step210). It should be noted that since many areas of personal information can be stored by theuser103, it is not required that all such information be entered by theuser103 at one time. For example, theuser103 may initially wish to store his travel preferences and nothing else. This could be because he contemplates travel and wishes to provide this information to his travel agent. Later, theuser103 may enter his medical information and store it in appropriate tables since he wishes to visit his doctor. In this manner, at various times, theuser103 may furnish different aspects of personal information, which will be stored for a future use after it is entered once.

The user account management module additionally allows theuser103 to change or to update the user's password, address, telephone number or any other information. The user can change or update his personal information any time after the account is established. Preferably, the user can also provide a list of entities that should be notified for each change. In one embodiment, each information object that is changed or updated is notified to a list of authorized recipients automatically. In another embodiment, a change or an update is provided to arequester105 when a request is made.

The useraccount management module112 optionally allows theuser103 to select a payment plan for the services rendered by the PIRSP, block any request if theuser103 is in default of a payment, obtain credit card or other verification, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the payment plans for theuser103 depend on the number of security classifications theuser103 has chosen, the number and nature of the information objects stored by theuser103, the number of requests for information received, the number of accesses or updates made by theuser103 to view and/or change the information objects, the type of customer service requested, the number of entities to which any changes are to be notified, the resources utilized by theuser103, or a combination of these and similar types of activities.

Preferably after user enrollment, the personalinformation collection module114 obtains control of the program execution and presents theuser103 with at least one of a series of web pages. These web pages allow theuser103 to provide information to store in corresponding tables described above. In other embodiments, the user provides his information in a paper form, which is entered by the PIRSP into thedatabase108. Preferably, theuser103 also provides a security classification for each information object, at the tuple or at the field level, by selecting a radio button or a check box for each information object. In a preferred embodiment, there are a predetermined number of security classifications; in other embodiments, there could be a numerical value given to each class of security desired, and the higher the numerical value, the greater is the security classification. No security classification may imply that the information can be released freely to therequester105, if the user's name is specified.

After theuser103 fills out the web page forms displayed on theclient computer100, the web pages are transmitted to theserver computer100, whereupon theCGI programs107 receive, parse, and deliver portions of data to thedatabase interface module130 which stores portions of data entered by theuser103 as information objects in thedatabase108 in appropriate tables. In a preferred embodiment, the information objects that could be stored in a plurality of tables are collected from theuser103 in a single web page form. In other embodiments, each table or each part of a table can be separately populated with an information object or several objects retrieved from a single web page. In an alternative embodiment, the series of web pages can be displayed as framed or overlapping web pages and theuser103 preferably navigates from one page to another page by simply clicking on a predetermined area on a web page.

Preferably, theuser103 obtains from theserver computer100 at least one key to access his personal information. In one aspect, the key is provided to an authorized entity to enable access of the user's personal information stored in thedatabase108. There could be a number of types of authorization keys obtainable by the user: a one-time-use-only authorization key, a multiple use authorization key, a qualified authorization key, and others. In another aspect, the attributes encoded in the authorization key allows the release of a specific type of information from theserver computer100. Preferably, these encoded attributes of the authorization key—such as, how many times the authorization can be used to obtain access, what information is accessible using the authorization, any expiration time on the password, whether or not the trustworthiness of the requester is a precondition before releasing the information and the like. In a preferred embodiment, theuser103 specifies these criteria and requests a key from theserver computer100. The key is preferably a string of alphanumeric characters of sufficient length as to prevent being deciphered easily by unscrupulous persons. In other embodiments, the authorization key is preferably encrypted, comprise a spoken word or phrase, a finger print scan, a retina scan, DNA identification, or other forms of identification. These keys could be used in a case such as when theuser103 is unconscious, and an immediate need exists to obtain medical or other information in order to save the patient.

In a preferred embodiment, thedatabase interface module130 comprises code to establish and verify security classification for each information object stored in the database. Preferably, for each information object, which could be a field, a row, a column, a tuple, or an entire table, a security classification is provided, which is marked on the object. This security classification is preferably an explicit and well-defined policy enforced by thesecurity module120. Individual accesses of each information object is recorded in thedatabase108. Each requester is clearly identified and an explicit audit trail for each access is recorded in thedatabase108. In another aspect, thedatabase interface module130 operates as a reference monitor as well. The reference monitor mediates all accesses of requests for information objects. Other methods of ensuring, security include establishing access control lists for each level of a multi-level security system, a system such as the Signed Document Markup Language (SDML); usage of trusted and known sources such as well-known companies as the requesters, public key encryption, third-party authentication, and other similar techniques.

In a preferred embodiment, potential requesters are also enrolled by the PIRSP in a similar manner as described for the user103 (step214). Theserver computer100 establishes accounts for potential requesters, allocates identifiers, authenticates their trustworthiness and enables them to establish a payment/billing plan for accessing information objects stored by theuser103. In one embodiment, where there are a number of users, statistical information, rather than individual pieces of information objects are offered for sale to potential requesters. In other embodiments, the potential requesters do not establish accounts with the PIRSP, and will pay as they go for each access of information as described below.

In an embodiment, theuser103 provides his identifier and a secure password, to arequester105. This could be done, for example, when theuser103 decides to provide a travel agent or a tailor that his personal travel preferences or style and measurements can be obtained from theserver computer100 operated by the PIRSP. In one embodiment, the requester's web page (not shown) comprises an area, selecting which theuser103 can specify that his information can be obtained from the PIRSP's web site. Preferably, theuser103 provides his identifier, a specific authorization—for example to fetch the travel preferences or the medical history and nothing else—and requests the requester105 to obtain his personal information from the PIRSP. Therequester computer106 is configured to receive this authorization over a secure channel, and to initiate a request to the PIRSP for the user's personal information.

In an alternative embodiment, the requester105 requests theuser103 manually to fill out a form. This may happen in cases where theuser103 visits a doctor's office, or attempts to establish an appointment with the doctor's office. The doctor's office, which could be enrolled with the PIRSP, may request that theuser103 provide personal information via the PIRSP. Theuser103 provides the requester105 his identifier and authorization to obtain the information from the PIRSP.

II. Securely Disbursing Personal Information

In one embodiment, the PIRSP publicly discloses the database schema, so that any requester105 can specify the type of information by naming the table and the fields that they want. In other embodiments, the actual database schema are kept secret, but the nature of information that is made available, for access by a requester is announced to potential requesters.

The requester105 preferably establishes a secure connection with theserver computer100 and presents the user's identifier and authorization to the server computer100 (step216). Preferably, this process includes the following steps. First, a session with an encrypted Secure Socket Layer connection is established between therequester computer106 and theserver computer100. Second, therequester105 transmits at least one packet of data to theserver computer100, said packet of data comprising its identification, its electronic address (either dotted decimal form or other forms), any processor identifier of therequester computer106. Theserver computer100 receives these data and records them in thedatabase108 along with the time and date when the request is made. Third, therequester computer106 is configured to present the user's identifier and authorization to the server computer. Alternatively, therequester105 sends a secure electronic mail (E-mail) to theserver computer100, which E-mail comprises a user identifier, a user-provided authorization key or password, and a request in the form of a database query.

In an alternative embodiment, therequester105 can be the same as theuser103, such as in case theuser103 wishes to store information for himself, e.g., personal or business phone numbers, E-mail addresses, and other similar information typically stored in a person's wallet, frequent flier numbers, passwords to debit cards, preferences and the like. In this case, an authorization is not required for theuser103 to view information objects stored by him.

Preferably, after authenticating therequester105, and if therequester105 is determined to be a genuine entity, a security level is assigned to the requester's request (step218). Thesecurity module120 verifies the security classification for each field or information object requested before releasing it to therequester105. Preferably, an information object is released to the requester only if the requester's security classification is at least that of the information object requested. Otherwise, the request is discarded and the attempt by therequester105 is recorded as a failed request.

In a preferred embodiment, a requester that makes a predetermined number of unauthorized or failed requests is tagged as “junk” requester. The junk requester's identification information is stored in thedatabase108. A further request from this junk requester is ignored or an alarm message is generated to take an appropriate action (step220).

Thesecurity module120 preferably performs authentication and verification by assigning a numerical value to therequester105. Any authorization from theuser103 presented by therequester105 is also assigned a numerical value. Further, each information object that the requester105 wishes to access from theserver computer100 is also assigned a numerical value. Preferably, these numerical values represent a corresponding security level for each entity or item to which the value is assigned. In alternative embodiments, numerical values representing security levels are also assigned to the requester'scomputer104, thenetwork102 from which the request arrived at theserver computer100 and other participating entities. Thesecurity module120 thereafter examines the security levels of each entity included in the data transfer process (transaction) to determine the overall security level for the transaction. In a preferred embodiment, any requested information is released to a requester only if the security level of therequester105 is at least that of all information objects requested. In other embodiments, only those information objects that are at or below the security level of the requester105 are released to the requester.

In a preferred embodiment, therequester105 formulates a query, in a readily executable form, preferably in a language such as the Structured Query Language. In other embodiments, the query by therequester105 is a listing of the information objects requested. Thedatabase interface module130 then executes at least one of a series of queries to extract the information sought by the requester105 (step222). The query optimizer included in thedatabase108 optimally retrieves the stored information after verifying the security level of the request, with the security level designated by theuser103 for an information object.

Several alternative methods of accessing information are used by thesecurity module120 and thedatabase interface module130. In one method, thedatabase interface module130 retrieves an information object if the security level of that information object is at or below the security level for the request and that of the authorization. In another embodiment, a data base view is automatically defined to extract all individually classified information objects, and in this case, it the security level of an information object is above the security level for the request, a blank entry is returned. Alternatively, thedatabase interface module130 may insert an indication instead of a blank entry, which indication specifies that either the information is not available, or it is available for a requester with a higher security level, and the like.

In another embodiment, theuser103 requests the PIRSP to disburse information to therequester103 using an electronic means (step224). In this case, the user is authenticated and the information objects are downloaded or transmitted to therequester105, preferably via secure E-mail, file transfer protocol, after establishing a circuit-switched connection, facsimile, U.S. mail or any other method.

Preferably, therequester105 is forbidden from reselling or retransmitting the information, or using it beyond an expiration date set either by theuser103 or by the PIRSP. Preferably, to ensure this, information objects are copyrighted or otherwise contractually protected. Further, this could be a selling point to users, since the PIRSP not only guarantees the safety of the stored information, but in addition controls how this information is used.

In one embodiment, therequester105 is charged a fee for receiving the information objects, on a per object basis, or on a subscription basis or for receiving statistical reports. The PIRSP may provide an incentive to theuser103 by paying the user103 a portion of the fee to theuser103. In another embodiment, a requester may receive statistical report such as “how many male golf players between the ages 22 and 55 in the zip code 20006 are interested in trading stocks?” The statistics module140 and reportgeneration module150 make appropriate queries in thedatabase108 and obtain the information. Preferably such statistical information is not considered secure, unless it has a tendency to reveal too much about the private habits of theuser103. Thus, so long as information is aggregated and can remain anonymous, it will be released to potential requesters to assist marketing of products/services.

Theuser103 may change or update his personal information. Examples of changes could be address or telephone number changes, and the like. Some changes are effective at a future date. Some information is updated either by theuser103 or by a third party (not shown). An example of such updated information is medical information. When theuser103 makes the changes, he makes these by accessing theserver computer100 web site and entering his information as described above. Theuser103 elects or designates any requesters or recipients of change notifications. Theserver computer100 automatically retrieves the information objects that changed and notifies the designated requesters or recipients via secure E-mail, or other methods indicated above (step226). In alternative embodiments, notification messages are left in mail boxes located on theserver computer100 and owned by requesters. Each change notification is recorded in thedatabase108 for audit trail purposes.

In a preferred embodiment, every time an information object is accessed, an entry is made into thedatabase108 and a secure audit trail established (step228). This audit trail is preferably designed to track the activities of the PIRSP as well as the activities of theuser103 and therequester105. This ensures that a clear audit is preserved to determine and prevent any misuse of personal information. Preferably such audit trail is established by programming in the secure kernel included in theserver computer100. All activities are stored in a specially partitioned area of thedatabase108 and are read-only after written by any process.

The foregoing describes a method and a system for obtaining, storing and automatically disbursing personal information over a communications network. Though reference is made only to a single instance of each of the client and the server computers, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced using an architecture comprising a plurality of client computers (not shown) and/or a plurality of server computers (not shown). Additionally, though reference is made only to a single processor computer, the server or the client computer could comprise a distributed, parallel computing environment, either including a single-processor or a multiple-processor architecture, whether symmetric or asymmetric. In alternative embodiments, theuser103 operating theuser computer104 is thought to interact with theserver computer100 using a model such as that facilitated by the Java Bean, the Enterprise Java Bean or other similar technologies such as Remote Method Invocation, Distributed Component Object Model. Sessions could be implemented by using stateful or stateless Enterprise Java Beans and the like. Thedatabase108 can be accessed via session or other kinds of beans, either a single instance of them or via numerous instances managed by another object layer. In alternative embodiments, the invention described herein can be implemented in part on theserver computer100 and in part on theuser computer104, in part as a servlet, as a downloaded JavaScript™ program, as a plug-in program, as an applet, or any combinations thereof. In alternative embodiments, theserver computer100 is located behind a fire-wall, and may store a cookie, download a Dynamic HTML script, a JavaScript program or a plug-in program to theuser computer104 to achieve a portion of the functionality described herein. In one embodiment, no software is deposited on theuser computer104 other than the HTML page displayed on a browser. The word “network” comprises any heterogenous or homogenous collection of computer networks, public or private or a combination of both, which network includes intelligent or “passive” elements; either wholly or partly, and further includes routers, bridges and other transport mechanisms; executing a single protocol or a combination of a plurality of data communication protocols; effecting communication (transmission and/or reception) of information, which information comprises voice, video, data, and/or text or any combinations thereof; using either in-band or out-of-band methods. The word “database” is assumed to comprise a flat file, an area in memory, an index file, a relational database, a sequential or a random access data storage and retrieval method operating in conjunction with any type of device, a distributed database or a single database, and could further comprise a relational database, hierarchical, sequential, random access or any other type of database, with or without a transaction manager, concurrency controller, memory manager, or a query optimizer. Further, the steps described herein are illustrative and not limiting, and the order of the steps described could be altered. Moreover, some of the steps could be collapsed into a single step, while some other steps are superfluous or optional and are described only to elaborate the principles of the invention. Persons skilled in the art may make modifications, rearrangements and adjustments to the disclosed preferred embodiments without undue experimentation or without significantly departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims, which claims should be construed to include all these modifications, rearrangements, adjustments, and departures.

Claims

1. A method of selectively disbursing a first party's personal information, the method comprising the steps of:

storing the first party's information on a server computer, the first party's personal information comprising a plurality of information objects;

assigning a first classification to a first information object;

assigning a second classification to a second information object; and

assigning a third classification to a third information object.

2. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the step of:

permitting a second party to access the second information object but not the first information object.

3. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the step of:

designating a first list of persons or entities permitted to access the second information object but not the first information object.

4. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the step of:

responsive to a request from a browser program running on a client computer, permitting selective access to the first party's personal information.

5. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the step of:

receiving a request via a packet switched network; and

permitting selective access to the first party's information.

6. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the step of:

recording every access of the first party's information to form an audit trait.

7. A method of permitting selective access to a first party's personal information, the method comprising the steps of:

storing the first party's personal information, the first party's personal information comprising a plurality of information objects;

assigning at least one of a plurality of security levels to each information object; and

transmitting a selected portion of the first party's personal information to a second party.

8. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising the step of:

receiving a request from a second party, said request from the second party identifying the first party.

9. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising the step of:

presenting an authorization to access a portion of the first party's personal information.

10. A method of notifying changes to a first party's personal information comprising the steps of:

changing the first party's information;

designating an entity to receive changed first party's information; and

notifying the designated entity of the changed first party's information.

11. The method ofclaim 10, wherein notifying step includes the step of:

transmitting to the designated entity changes to the first party's information.

12. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the notifying step includes the step of:

transmitting to the designated entity an indication of a change to the first party's information.

13. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising the step of:

recording an effective date for a change to the first party's personal information.