US20050043907A1

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Publication number: US20050043907A1
Application number: US10/951,244
Authority: US
Inventors: David Eckel; Gaetano Bonasia; James Porter
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1998-05-18
Filing date: 2004-09-27
Publication date: 2005-02-24
Also published as: US6798341B1

Abstract

A multifunction sensor device which provides various transducer functions including means for performing temperature sensing, humidity sensing, ambient light sensing, motion detection, thermostat functions, switching functions, load switching and dimming functions, displaying actual and set temperature values, displaying time of day values and a means to put the device in an on, off or auto mode. The device has utility in environments such as that found in offices, schools, homes, industrial plants or any other type of automated facility in which sensors are utilized for energy monitoring and control, end user convenience or artificial or natural cooling, heating and HVAC control. The device can be used as a switch or dimmer, sensor or thermostat as well as to adjust and control all natural and artificial lighting, temperature and humidity devices. Key elements of the invention include overcoming the difficulty of mounting diverse sensors or transducers within the same device or housing; permitting these various sensors to exist in a single package that can be mounted to a wall in a substantially flush manner; and eliminating the requirement of an air flow channel in the device, thus minimizing any adverse effects on the motion detecting element or sensor as well as providing built in partial hysteresis. The device may include additional transducers or sensors and is constructed such that the temperature and humidity sensors are neither exposed to the flow of air in a room or area nor in an airflow channel whereby a chimney effect may occur. The device can transmit and receive real time data, relative data and actual discrete data in addition to switching and controlling loads locally or remotely. An embodiment utilizing airflow channels to direct air over the temperature and humidity sensors is also disclosed.

Description

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/085,814, filed May 18, 1998.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of electrical sensors and more particularly to a network based multi-function sensor and control device suitable for sensing motion, temperature, humidity and ambient light, setting and controlling temperature and control relay and ballast loads and which includes blinder devices for reducing nuisance tripping of the device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Today, automation systems are being installed in more and more buildings, including both new construction and in structures that are being rebuilt. The incentives for putting automation systems into a building are numerous. High on the list are reduced operating costs, more efficient use of energy, simplified control of building systems, ease of maintenance and of effecting changes to the systems. Facility managers would prefer to install systems that can interoperate amongst each other. Interoperability is defined by different products, devices and systems for different tasks and developed by different manufacturers, being able to be linked together to form flexible, functional control networks.

An example of a typical automation system includes lighting controls, HVAC systems, security systems, fire alarm systems and motor drives all possibly provided by different manufacturers. It is desirable if these separate disparate systems can communicate and operate with each other.

Prior art automation systems generally comprised closed proprietary equipment supplied by a single manufacturer. With this type of proprietary system, the installation, servicing and future modifications of the component devices in the system were restricted to a single manufacturer's product offering and technical capability. In addition, it was very difficult or impossible to integrate new technology developed by other manufacturers. If technology from other manufactures could be integrated, it was usually too costly to consider.

Thus, it is desirable to create an open control system whereby individual sensors, processors and other components share information among one another. A few of the benefits of using an open system include reduced energy costs, increased number of design options for the facility manager, lower design and installation costs since the need for customized hardware and software is greatly reduced and since star configuration point to point wiring is replaced by shared media and lastly, system startup is quicker and simpler.

In addition, expansion and modification of the system in the future is greatly simplified. New products can be introduced without requiring major system redesign or reprogramming.

An integral part of any automation control system are the sensors and transducers used to gather data on one or more physical parameters such as temperature and motion. It would be desirable if a plurality of sensor functions could be placed in a single device, fit in a standard single wall box opening and be able to communicate with one or more control units, i.e., processing nodes, on the control network.

The number and types of sensors in this device could be many including multiple, dual or singular occupancy and security sensing via means including passive infrared, ultrasonic, RF, audio or sound or active infrared. In addition, other multiple or singular transducers may be employed such as temperature sensor, relative humidity sensor, ambient light sensor, CO sensor, smoke sensor, security sensor, air flow sensors, switches, etc.

The utility of such a multifunction sensor can best be described by an example. In order to minimize the number of unique devices that are installed in a room, it is desirable to have a sensor device reliably perform as many functions as possible as this reduces the wiring costs as well as the number of devices required to be installed on the walls of the room. Additionally, from an aesthetic point of view, architects are under increasing demand by their clients to reduce the number of unique sensor nodes in any given room.

Further, it is also desirable to have these transducers or sensors communicate with a microprocessor or microcontroller that can be used to enhance the application of the transducer. This may be accomplished by providing the necessary A/D functions, including sensitivity and range adjustments of the transducer functions, and also by enabling the sensed information to be communicated over a bus or other media using a suitable protocol.

Further, calibration, either in the field or the factory could be employed to generate either a relative or real absolute temperature reading. Further, the control of any HVAC equipment could be performed either locally at the sensor node or at a remote location. Also, the sensor devices could be used to control the lights in and outside the room and building, control the HVAC controls in and outside the room and building, send signals to or control the fire alarm and security alarm systems, etc.

It is also desirable to enable the device to communicate using any of the standard protocols already in use such as Echelon LonWorks, CEBus, X10, BACNet, CAN, etc. Some examples of the media include twisted pair, power line carrier, optical fiber, RF, coaxial, etc.

The device thus preferably can transmit data or commands, receive data or commands, activate and switch local or remote loads or control devices, use and/or generate real time or relative readings, be calibrated externally in an automatic self adjusting way, calibrated externally or via an electronic communications link. The ability to communicate over a network allows the user or network manager the flexibility to set light levels, temperature and humidity levels in the building to desired levels either for maximizing the energy savings or for the occupants comfort or convenience or for some combination of the two.

Additionally, the device preferably is able to minimize or eliminate effects from its internal circuitry that may interfere with the temperature reading of the temperature sensor.

Also, the device preferably has the ability to detect if there are adverse air flows emanating from the mounting hole in the wall or other surface which could cause erroneous temperature and humidity measurements.

It is desirable if the device is mounted in a location that is exposed to the air in the environment of the room or area being monitored. The motion detector transducer and sensor circuit is preferably mounted in a manner such that it is not exposed to (1) the air flow from the environment being monitored and (2) the air flow which may be created when the device is mounted in or on a hole in the wall. Further, the hole in the wall is often created when the device is mounted on a wall in a home or office building. The hole may function to create a chimney effect given the right conditions. It is thus desirable to mount the temperature sensor in a way which offers some shielding or insulation from direct exposure to heating or air ducts as well as any other undesirable heating or cooling sources such as direct sunlight, fans, HVAC ducts, etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a multifunction sensor and thermostat device that provides various transducer functions and the ability to control temperature. In particular, the device comprises a means for performing temperature sensing and control, humidity sensing, ambient light sensing, motion detection, switching, relay control, dimming functions and a means to put the device in an on, off or auto mode. The device can optionally employ a cool/off/heat and fan on/auto switch that places the heating and cooling equipment in the appropriate state. Alternatively, it can perform these functions over the network via software control. Additionally, the device can also interface with master or slave thermostats and can turn on and off all types of fans (including ceiling and tabletop fans), heating units and cooling units. The device can also be linked to the on/off ‘kill’ switch commonly used for boilers and hot water heaters. This ensures that the heating unit stays off in the summer months. Such a device has utility in environments such as that found in offices, schools, homes, industrial plants or any other type of automated facility in which sensors are utilized for energy monitoring and control, end user convenience or HVAC control.

Key elements of the present invention include (1) overcoming the difficulty of mounting diverse sensors or transducers within the same device or housing, (2) permitting these various sensors to exist in a single package that can be mounted to a wall in a substantially flush manner, (3) an embodiment that eliminates the requirement of an air flow channel in the device, thus minimizing any adverse effects on the motion detecting element or sensor as well as providing built in partial hysteresis and practical latency, and (4) an embodiment that utilizes an air flow channel in the device for drawing air over a temperature sensor and/or humidity sensor.

A prime objective of the present invention is to provide a flush or surface mounted temperature, humidity and motion detection sensor in a single device. The device may include additional transducers or sensors and, in one alternative embodiment, is constructed such that the temperature and humidity sensors are neither exposed to the flow of air in a room or area nor in an airflow channel whereby a chimney effect may occur. To avoid these conditions from occurring, the temperature and humidity sensing elements are placed in a cavity that is coupled to the environment. Thus, the temperature and humidity of the air in the cavity changes via diffusion with the temperature and humidity in the surrounding environment. In addition, the temperature and humidity sensing elements, e.g., passive or active infrared sensor, is mounted so as to be shielded from exposure to direct sunlight and so as not to be exposed to a flow of air from the environment being monitored.

Further, the vents provided for the temperature and humidity sensing element function as a baffle to provide hysteresis. The hysteresis provides additional utility for the device in that the temperature and humidity sensing elements are mounted within, beneath, part of, or on the housing in such a way that the chimney effects due to airflow in the wall or from heating or cooling ducts nearby are reduced or eliminated in a fashion that is similar to a ‘smoothing’ or softening affect and can be adjusted mechanically and/or electronically through hardware or software such that the hysteresis can be ‘settable’ to any achievable value and could even approach zero hysteresis if desired. Note that the temperature and humidity sensor modules can be incorporated in a flush mount device, wall or surface mount device or ceiling device. Further, since an air channel is not required or used the device can be mounted flush in a single or multiple gang electrical box.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a means of temperature sensing utilizing multiple technologies including RTD, PRTD, thermisters, digital temperature sensors, PWM sensors, silicon sensors, capacitive and polymer sensors, etc. One or more sensors can be used in the circuits that are coupled to a microprocessor or microcontroller. The sensor is positioned in a modular temperature chamber that permits the temperature sensor to acclimate to the ambient air temperature in the surrounding environment. Access to the temperature sensor is simply achieved by removal of a cover or panel without the need for special tools.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a means of humidity sensing utilizing one or more technologies including the Dunmore Sensor, polymer capacitive type, carbon type, digital humidity sensors, automatic chilled mirror type sensors, silicon sensors, oxide and IR hygrometer sensors, etc. One or more sensors can be used in the circuits that are coupled to a microprocessor or microcontroller. The sensor is positioned in a modular temperature chamber that permits the humidity sensor to acclimate to the ambient air conditions in the surrounding environment. Access to the humidity sensor is simply achieved by removal of a cover or panel without the need for special tools.

The microcontroller is utilized to provide the capability of transmitting and receiving real time data, relative data and actual discrete data in addition to switching and controlling loads locally or remotely. Data can be sent and received from other devices that are part of the distributed or centralized control system wherein devices communicate with each other using standard protocols such as Echelon LonWorks, CEBus, X10, BACNet, CAN, etc. The media utilized may comprise twisted pair, power line carrier, RF, optical fiber, coaxial, etc.

The device also has the capability of self-calibration of the sensors under either local or remote control. For example, if the device is exposed to two different known temperatures, then the equation of a line including the slope and relative offset connecting the two points can be generated. This procedure can be performed once and either actual or relative readings can be calibrated within the operating range of the device. In addition, points can be recorded and used to provide additional accuracy or to extend the range of the temperature sensor. Further, a piece-wise linear, logarithmic or other arithmetic equation and look up table can be generated which is used to linearize the accuracy or sensitivity of the temperature sensing element and associated circuitry and to provide for sensing over a larger temperature or humidity range. In addition, local test resistors or potentiometers can be used to adjust the range, sensitivity or accuracy of the sensor. A similar procedure can be used for calibration of the humidity sensor.

Another key element of one alternative embodiment presented herein, is that the temperature and humidity sensors do not have airflow channel that permits air to circulate through the sensor module housing. Rather, the device has a passive alcove or cavity that acclimates to the ambient air temperature and humidity through the process of diffusion. In addition, the device incorporates a vent that permits any heat generated by electronics or components to escape without adversely affecting the temperature sensor and passive infrared sensor. In addition, this permits any chimney effects generated by the hole in the wall to be measured by the device.

The device incorporates a temperature sensor transducer and sensing circuit that is mounted in the sensor device housing in a location that is exposed to the air in the room but not to air circulating internally within the device housing. A passive or active infrared sensor or ultrasonic sensor is also mounted within the device housing with or without an insulating layer of material or conformal coating located such that it is not adversely affected by the venting of heat generating components or the chimney effects generated by the mounting hole and the vent.

The device also comprises airflow vents on the top of the device housing to provide a venting means for any components that generate heat within the device. These vents also provide airflow from the mounting hole or the channel between the studs commonly found behind a wall within a building or wall. This flow of air provides for additional cooling of heat generating components in the device and ensures that the temperature and motion detection sensors are not adversely effected by this airflow.

Optionally, a sensor could be used to measure this air flow which could subsequently be used for building maintenance purposes, i.e., to notify the building owner of the location of air leaks within the walls of the building. Note that in most buildings, insulation is placed in the wall of a building to reduce the hot or cold air losses thus saving utility expenses. In this case, the device can be used to detect and measure the airflow that occurs in a wall and notify building personnel that a wall in which the device is mounted does not have adequate insulation and/or is not properly sealed. The vents could also be provided on any other surface of the device including opposite side surfaces or the bottom of the housing to provide additional or alternate venting.

In another embodiment, the device provides airflow channels that connect vents on the outer surface of the device to the chamber housing the temperature and humidity sensing elements. Airflow is directed into the wide vents on the outer surface, over the temperature and humidity sensing elements and up the channels to exits from the vent opening on the upper portion of the device.

The device also may include provisions for surface wiring and various types of mounting means. Included as well is an optional positive screw mounting. The mounting means could be directly on a wall, on a modular furniture channel or on or in a single gang wall box. The electrical connections can be made using flying leads, terminal blocks, binding screws, or an RJ-11 or RJ-45 jack.

A lens is positioned in front of the infrared detector to focus infrared radiation and to prevent the ambient air from entering the device either from the temperature and humidity chamber or the heat vent. The lens may or may not include blinders.

Optionally, the front PC board containing the passive infrared transducer and the temperature and humidity sensors is installed using a layer of glue, foam or other gasket material to isolate the temperature and humidity sensor transducers and the infiared sensor from the back boards and the air channel created by the heat vent and the hole in the wall.

Optionally, two infrared sensing elements can be mounted on the same side of the printed circuit board. Partitioning of the two sensors can be performed arbitrarily as long as the passive infrared sensor is not exposed to erroneous air flows created by a natural or artificial air channel from the vents in the housing, the hole in the wall or the vents for the temperature chamber. Further, the motion sensing transducer is preferably not exposed to airflow or any other environmental conditions that could cause adverse behavior to the performance of the device. The temperature and humidity sensors are isolated with the absence of airflow over or around the infrared sensor. The housing is constructed such that it provides a chamber permitting the temperature and humidity to adjust naturally to the ambient air temperature and humidity to which it is exposed by the process of diffusion. This is accomplished by the use of the housing and a cover plate that is positioned over the temperature and humidity sensing elements. Foam or insulating material may optionally be used since the temperature and humidity elements are not in a channel where air is circulating, but rather is in an alcove chamber that acclimates to the environment.

In another optional embodiment, the passive or active infrared and temperature and humidity sensors are on opposite sides of the printed circuit board or on different boards such that the air around the temperature and humidity sensors and the passive or active infrared sensor are isolated from one another by the nature of their location.

The device may incorporate at least one vent on the face of the device to allow the ambient air outside to acclimate with that of the temperature and humidity chamber. Thus, the temperature and humidity sensors may be located centrally behind the vents or louvers or anywhere within the area. In addition, the sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy may be adjusted mechanically, via the use of different housing and vent shapes and materials and also by electronic means. The vents are also constructed to be a protective cage for the sensors. Grooves in the plastic and other means can be used to hold and/or align the sensors as well.

Further, the device may incorporate adjustable louvers or vents over the temperature and humidity sensors to create a baffle or regulator to adjust how quickly or slowly the temperature and humidity transducers will adjust to the ambient air. Also, the sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy can be adjusted by adapting the layout, position and design of the vents or louvers. It is also within the scope of the invention that mechanical or electronic means may be provided that open or close shutters on the vents over the temperature and humidity sensors.

Optionally, the device may incorporate fixed vents over the temperature and humidity sensors that create a fixed baffle or regulator thus determining a fixed means for how quickly or slowly the temperature and humidity transducers will adjust to the ambient air. The sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy, however, can still be adjusted by using different materials, thickness and shapes and by locating the sensor in different locations and orientations.

In another optional embodiment the device does not incorporate any vents and the temperature sensors is attached to the cover. In this case, the outside ambient air will be measured by measuring the inside surface temperature of the cover or plate. Therefore, the temperature sensing transducer is not directly exposed to any outside air. Also, the sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy may be adjusted using different materials, thickness and shapes and by locating the sensors in different locations or orientations.

In yet another optional embodiment of the invention the device does not incorporate vents and the temperature sensor is mounted on the surface of the device or in an alcove and exposed directly to the air. The outside ambient air is measured by measuring the air temperature of the outside air. Therefore, the temperature sensing transducer is directly exposed to the outside air. In addition, the sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy may be adjusted using different materials, thickness and shapes and by locating the sensors in different locations or orientations.

Also, heat sinks can be added or connected to the sensor body and/or the leads and brought out of the device so as to improve the overall temperature response of the transducer and the device.

In still another optional embodiment of the invention the device does not incorporate vents and the temperature sensor comprises a cover on the device or a portion of the cover of the device and exposed directly to the air. The temperature-sensing element can also be either predominately outside, part of a cover or inside a cover of the device. This allows for very thin sensing materials to be used that are placed directly on the surface of the device, embedded in the layers of the cover of the device or predominately located on the inside portion of the cover of the device. The outside ambient air temperature is measured by measuring the air temperature of the outside air. Therefore, the temperature sensing transducer is directly exposed to the outside air.

In addition, the sensitivity, range, response time and accuracy may be adjusted using different materials, thickness and shapes and by locating the sensors in different locations or orientations. Although the temperature sensing element and housing can take on various forms, some of the types are enclosed. A software algorithm can be optionally employed which functions to correct the hysteresis by adjusting the actual temperature reading and hence approximating the theoretical response of a highly calibrated thermocouple. Additionally, the algorithm can employ programmed undershoots, overshoots, delays, amplitude shifts and a variety of other signal manipulations.

Additionally, since the temperature sensor may be exposed to the open air, a ‘fast change algorithm’ can be employed which functions to recognize a rapid rate of change of temperature at the sensor, e.g., more than 15 degrees per. 10 seconds or alternatively, that the slope, i.e., rate of change, of the temperature reading relative to time is greater or less than some absolute value. The rapid temperature change may either be due to someone placing their finger on the sensor, applying a heat gun, applying a cold compress or may be due to flames from a fire. The software routine, in response to the detection of a rapid rate of change in temperature, can either send a warning message over the network or ignore the change in temperature, regarding it as an artificial heat/cold source. The device can be programmed to respond either way, i.e., sending temperature data over the network and having it acted upon or internally filtering it out and ignoring it.

Also, hardware and software can be employed to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of certain temperature and humidity ranges. For example, consider the temperature sensor circuitry having a temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees. Also, assume it is broken into segments that are piecewise linear, logarithmic or represented by some other mathematical relationship. For example, one range spans from 0 to 15 degrees C., another from 15 to 30 degrees C. and the last from 30 to 50 degrees C.

To achieve increased accuracy within a span, for example, the 15 to 30 degree range, a user would select this range over the network and software means would provide greater resolution in that particular range while sacrificing some resolution in the other ranges. This allows for users to choose a certain temperature range to be processed at a higher accuracy and the other ranges to be monitored using less accuracy. This can be implemented via software and/or hardware by utilizing two different circuits, each having different accuracy's for the thermistor and different gains for the electronics.

In another embodiment the cover over the temperature and humidity sensors is removable. The cover can be adapted to either require or not require a tool for removal. Alternatively, the cover can be fixably attached to the device. In either embodiment, the temperature and humidity sensing transducers and/or other components of the sensing circuits are in a socket which permits replacement with another transducer or component with different parameters. In addition, any local components such as potentiometers, switches, etc. requiring adjustment can be accessed, adjusted or changed.

In one embodiment of the invention the software may be adapted to adjust the sensitivity, response time, accuracy, range, etc. of the temperature and humidity sensor elements and associated circuitries. In another embodiment, at least one air vent is provided which exposes both sides of the back PC board to the potential airflow generated when electrical components generate heat. In addition, the temperature and humidity chamber may be located in different parts of the device such as centrally or at the top or bottom.

The device may be mounted using a variety of means. These include various mounting plate variations including mounting in a single or multiple gang box, mounting on or in the hole of a modular furniture channel, raceway, or being hung from underneath a fluorescent or incandescent fixture that is mounted on the desk, wall, floor or modular furniture and mounting on any other suitable surface. In addition, the device contains ‘mouse holes’ which allow surface wiring to exit the device.

Another mounting option includes a hinged mounting bracket that permits the device to be mounted and electrically connected relatively easily. The mounting means uses either a positive locking screw or a snap fit. The positive locking screw option makes the device more tamperproof. The snap fit option provides a more aesthetically pleasing package.

Another optional feature is the use of a press to release button to allow for the device to be easily removed from the wall. This allows for the device with its lighting and temperature sensor and controls to be removed from its fixed position on the wall and moved freely about the room. It can be placed in a more desirable location or can be used as a remote control as well as a regular wall mounted or table top switch or dimmer, sensor or thermostat as well as to adjust and control all natural and artificial lighting, temperature and humidity devices.

The multi-sensor device of the present invention forms part of the network control system and generally comprises the following basic elements: (1) user interface and controls, (2) power supply and media connections, (3) communications media and protocol (4) load switching or dimming elements and (5) one or more sensor inputs.

Additionally, functions can be performed which include some type of annunciation either by sound by using a buzzer or by sight by employing LEDs or controlling the lights in the room. For example, if the smoke detector transducer detects a fire, a buzzer could perform local annunciation. Alternatively, it could illuminate a visual indication or act as a ‘notification appliance,’ e.g., specially designed lights, LEDs, etc. for people that are hearing impaired. Also, a signal can be sent to a control unit or lamp actuator to flash one or more lights in the event that fire is detected for the benefit of the hearing impaired.

The power supply component for some of the devices in the system may include means to operate from 100 to 347 VAC. This type of device supplies a nominal output voltage between 8 and 26 VDC and 8 to 24 VAC. Alternatively, the device may omit a power supply that converts utility power but rather is adapted to receive power from another device that does incorporate a power supply that operates from 100 to 347 VAC. The means for distributing the electrical power to other devices could be accomplished via any suitable means including twisted pair cabling, electrical power line cables or any other power carrying media.

Another key feature of the system is a communications media and protocol that together form a communications network allowing messages to be communicated (1) between devices within the system and (2) between devices located within the system and devices located external to the system. The messages comprise, among other things, commands for controlling and/or monitoring signals. These messages could be tightly coupled, loosely coupled or of a macro broadcast nature. In addition, they may be one way simplex, half or full duplex bi-directional, with established priorities or without. The network communications medium may comprise, for example, twisted pair Category5 cabling, coaxial cabling, a standard POTS line, power line carrier, optical fiber, RF or infrared. The medium may be common or it may be shared with the possibility of requiring the use of gateways, routing devices or any other appropriate network device for carrying data signals.

Depending on the type of network medium in use in the system, the devices within the system include, within their housings, a slot that allows for the connection of a bus terminator. The bus terminator is typically an RC network that is connected to the device and serves to mechanically as well as electrically connect the device to the network communication line, e.g., twisted pair, coaxial, optical fiber, etc.

Thus, the system is able to communicate to devices within the system to provide intrasystem control and monitoring as well as to communicate outside the system to provide intersystem control and monitoring. Data and/or commands are received and transmitted, real time relative readings can be received and transmitted, devices can be calibrated externally in an automatic self adjusting way or via a communication link over the network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a front view illustration of a first embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating PIR, temperature, humidity and ambient light sensors, thermostat control and a single switch;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention with the upper and lower covers removed;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention with the upper and lower covers removed;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view illustrating the upper portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds are in the open position;

FIG. 5B is a cross sectional view illustrating the upper portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds are in the open position;

FIG. 6A is a perspective view illustrating the upper portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds are in the closed position;

FIG. 6B is a cross sectional view illustrating the upper portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds are in the closed position;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view illustrating the temperature and humidity sensors and associated pedestal, housing and cover in more detail;

FIG. 8A is a perspective view illustrating the temperature and humidity sensor pedestal in more detail;

FIG. 8B is a side cross section view of the temperature and humidity sensor pedestal;

FIG. 9 is a front view illustration of a second embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating two switches and having the upper and lower covers in place;

FIG. 10 is a front view illustration of a third embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating two switches and having the upper and lower covers in place;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustration of a fourth embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention, a surface mount sensor/thermostat unit incorporating a single switch and having the upper and lower covers in place;

FIG. 12 is a front view illustration of a fifth embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating temperature and humidity sensors in an air flow chamber, air flow channels, thermostat functions and a single switch;

FIG. 13 is a front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit ofFIG. 12 with the switch cover plate removed;

FIG. 14 is a rear view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit ofFIG. 12 showing the embedded air flow channels for channeling air over the temperature and humidity sensors;

FIG. 15 is a front view illustration of a sixth embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating temperature and humidity sensors in a diffusion chamber, thermostat functions and a single switch;

FIG. 16 is a front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit ofFIG. 15 with the switch cover plate removed;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view illustration of a seventh embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating a display, dimming brighten/dim control, temperature control and temperature/room brightness display;

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating the multifunction sensor and control unit of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating the motion sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail;

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the ambient light sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more detail;

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating the temperature sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more detail;

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating the humidity sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more detail;

FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating the communications transceiver portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more detail;

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relay driver circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more detail;

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating the ballast dimming circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more detail;

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating the dimming circuitry portion of the multi-sensor and control unit in more detail;

FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating the software portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail;

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the actual and measured lux versus light intensity;

FIG. 29 is a flow diagram illustrating the read temperature sensor portion of the software in more detail;

FIGS. 30A and 30B are a flow diagram illustrating the process temperature value portion of the software in more detail;

FIG. 31 is a flow diagram illustrating the set point adjustment portion of the software in more detail;

FIG. 32 is a flow diagram illustrating the thermostat portion of the software in more detail; and

FIG. 33 is a flow diagram illustrating the fast change portion of the software in more detail.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONNotation Used Throughout

The following notation is used throughout this document.



Term	Definition

AC	Alternating Current
BACNet	Building Automation and Control Network
	(a data communication protocol)
CAN	Controller Area Network
CEBus	Consumer Electronics Bus
CO	Carbon Monoxide
EEPROM	Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EIA	Electronic Industries Association
HVAC	Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
IR	Infrared
LED	Light Emitting Diode
PC	Printed Circuit
PIR	Passive Infrared
POTS	Plain Old Telephone Service
PRTD	Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector
PWM	Pulse Width Modulation
RAM	Random Access Memory
RC	Resister/Capacitor
RF	Radio Frequency
ROM	Read Only Memory
RTD	Resistance Temperature Detector
SNVT	Standard Network Variable Type

General Description

The present invention comprises a multifunction sensor and control device incorporating a plurality of sensors, one or more switches, a switching dimming or 0-10 V dimming control and a thermostat function. The sensors comprise a motion detector, temperature sensor, humidity sensor and ambient light sensor. The motion detector may comprise any suitable type of device capable of detecting motion such as PIR, ultrasonic or microwave. The temperature sensor is exposed to the surrounding air via one of two ways: (1) being located within air flow channel set up within the device or (2) being located within a chamber sealed off from the rest of the device but exposed to the surrounding air via diffusion. In one embodiment, the passive infrared device used for motion detection is isolated from the air circulating for the purpose of temperature measurement by the use of a lens surrounding the motion detector. In addition, the temperature sensor is placed within a chamber isolated from the motion detector.

The temperature and motion detection sensors may reside on the same or opposite sides of a PC board. If they reside on the same side a partition isolates the two transducers since the temperature sensor is required to have airflow while the passive infrared sensor should not.

In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature and humidity sensors are in an air channel or exposed to airflow, i.e., there is a separate entrance and exit of air having an associated speed, direction and force. In another embodiment of the invention, no airflow channels are utilized. In this embodiment, the device employs the concept of temperature diffusion with natural or artificial hysteresis by being exposed to the ambient air and changing in a deliberately slower and lagging manner. This necessitates that no air channel or flow exists from one end of the device to the other.

This embodiment does not require the channeled circulation or flow of air over the temperature sensor that can be analogized to the water flow in an aqueduct that flows in a directional manner with varying directions, speeds and volumes. This embodiment, on the other hand, measures temperature in a tidal fashion similar to the way the water in an ocean or harbor moves in and out from the shore. In other words, in one case air is flowing in a channel from one point to another similar to the way water flows in an aqueduct. In the case of this particular embodiment, the air moves in and out of the same opening like that of the rise and fall of the water in a harbor wherein the point of entry and exit for the air is the same.

The phenomenon can also be described as the process of diffusion involving the intermingling of air molecules from outside the device and that of the air around the temperature sensor. Therefore, the temperature sensor and the passive infrared sensor could reside on the same or opposite sides of the PC board. The temperature and passive infrared elements, however, are required to be isolated from any erroneous air flow channels that may be present which could affect the accuracy of the measurements. Thus, the present invention provides a practical solution allowing temperature sensing and PIR motion sensing to reside in the same housing in a device that can be mounted in a single gang box.

A front view illustration of a first embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating PIR, temperature, humidity and ambient light sensors, thermostat control and a single switch is shown inFIG. 1. The device, generally referenced10, comprises ahousing14 connected to a mountingplate12 via one or more fasteners throughapertures35. Thehousing14 comprises an aperture covered by a lens orwindow16. The aperture is used to house an occupancy sensor, e.g., passive infrared sensor (PIR). Note that the occupancy sensor may comprise one or more PIR detectors, e.g., dual PIR detectors.

Anupper cover18, which may or may not be removable, is positioned below the motiondetection element lens16. Making thecover18 removable permits access to adjusting levers or blinds within the device that can be used to adjust the field of view of the PIR detectors in the device.

Below thecover18 is adisplay41 for displaying information such as temperature, status, commands or other type of data including but not limited to the time of day including whether it is AM or PM and a timer display letting the occupant know when the lights will time out. The display may comprise any suitable display type such as LCD, LED, plasma, etc and may or may not be backlit. Below thedisplay41 are twobuttons43 for inputting information into thedevice10. One button is configured as an up arrow and the other button is configured as a down arrow. These buttons could be used for example to set the desired temperature using the thermostat feature of the present invention.

Alower cover28 functioning as a switch cover or plate having a raisedbar portion32 is located below thedisplay41 and up/downarrow buttons43. The switch is used to control a logical load that the device is bound to or one of the internal load switching or dimming elements. The logical load comprises one or more physical electrical loads. When pressed, a message is sent to the control device connected to the load to be switched. The message is interpreted and the control device carries out any required action. Note that the switch in this and all embodiments disclosed herein may comprise any suitable switch including but not limited to a mechanical pushbutton type switch, electrical rocker type switch, mechanical rocker type switch and an electronic switch such as a touch plate or screen.

Anaperture26 is located within theswitch cover28 and may optionally include a transparent or translucent window or light pipe therewithin. Theaperture26 provides visual access to a visual indicator such as an LED. The visual indicator is used to provide feedback to the user, e.g., in connection with the status of the bound logical electrical load or the status of occupancy as determined by the PIR sensor. Theaperture26 also provides a light path for an optional ambient light sensor. The ambient light sensor measures the ambient light level that may be used in determining the intensity of light to provide in the surrounding area.

Thedevice10 also comprises aswitch30 that provides the user a means for placing the device into one or more modes. Typically, theswitch30 comprises three positions: ON, AUTO and OFF. The ON position turns the logical load on regardless of other inputs, the AUTO position lets the load be controlled by one or more sensor inputs and the OFF position turns the load off regardless of the state of the sensor inputs.

Thedevice10 also incorporates an aperture, vent orgrill22 that functions to allow air to diffuse through to an inner chamber housing thetemperature sensor48 andhumidity sensor49.

Apertures

33 at the top and bottom of the mountingplate12 provide a means by which the device may be installed in a single or multiple gang wallbox. Apertures are also included to permit a cover plate (not shown) to be mounted over the device after it is installed in a wallbox.

When thedevice10 is installed, for example in a wall, the hole in the wall required for the passage of wiring can either blow or suck air due to the chimney effect. The housing comprises openings in specific places, e.g., only on the top, so as to direct any potential airflow through an area that will not impact the operation of the electronic circuitry. If openings are placed on the top and bottom or not provided at all, this causes air to find its way in or out of the device through incidental openings in the face. This would cause air to flow over the electronic circuitry thus giving false readings, positive or negative.

A perspective view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention shown inFIG. 1 is shown inFIG. 2. A large portion of thehousing14 is shown including thefasteners35 for connecting the mountingplate12 onto thehousing14. Shown are theoccupancy sensor lens16,upper cover18 permitting access to the adjustable blinders within,display41, up/downbuttons43, switch cover28 including raisedbar32 andlight pipe26, vent oraperture22 for permitting the diffusion of air to the temperature and humidity sensors andapertures33 for affixing the device in single or multiple gang wallbox. Note that in this view, the on/auto/offswitch30 is not visible.

A front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention with the upper and lower covers removed is shown inFIG. 3. The device is shown with theupper cover18 having been removed from thehousing14. Visible now are thehousing panel50 and left and right adjusting levers44,46, respectively. Also shown are the mountingplate12, mountingholes33,PIR detector lens16,display41, up/downbuttons43,grill aperture22,humidity sensor49,temperature sensor48,fasteners35 andmode switch30. As with the upper cover, the lower cover or switchcover28 has been removed revealing thehousing panel50 and a series of indicators and switches. Avisual indicator31 such as an LED and an ambientlight sensor37 are located behind theaperture26 in theswitch cover28 such that light is able to reach the ambient light sensor and the LED is visible from the outside.

Also shown is the tactilemomentary switch39 that is actuated by theswitch cover28 when pressed by a user, avisual indicator40, e.g., LED, functioning as a LonWorks status LED and amomentary switch42 that functions as a LonWorks service request pin.

The blinders themselves are located behind thehousing panel50. The adjusting levers44,46, however, extend beyond the surface of thehousing panel50 so as to be accessible to a user. The blinders can be adjusted by moving the adjusting levers left or right along a linear path in thehousing panel50.

A perspective view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention with the upper and lower covers removed is shown inFIG. 4. The removableupper cover18 is shown oriented in a removed position from thedevice10.Tabs25 on either side of thecover18 secure it to thehousing14. The removable lower cover or switchcover28 is also shown oriented in a removed position from thedevice10.Pivots23 on the top portion of both sides of the switch cover secure it to thehousing14. The pivot notches mate with corresponding mounting points in thehousing panel50. Theswitch cover28 is shown also with theaperture26 andpress bar32.

LEDs

31,40, ambientlight sensor37 and switches39,42 are also shown onhousing panel50.

Located in the lower portion of thedevice10 is thevent grill22 having openings to permit the temperature and humidity sensors to contact the surrounding air. The inner chamber formed within the device behind the grill is adapted so that it seals off the temperature and humidity sensors from the inner space between thehousing panel50 and the inner area of the device.

Thegrill22 is shown with openings that are in a vertical fashion. Note, however, that they may be positioned horizontally, vertically or at any angle. The angle of the vent openings, however, could affect the response of the temperature and humidity sensing elements by allowing either a more rapid rate of change or a slower rate of change based upon the size, quantity, angle and shape of the openings. This change in the architecture of thevent22 can be compensated for in the hardware and/or software of the device. The optimum design for maximum performance depends on the given application and desired temperature and humidity changes per time period.

A perspective view illustrating the upper portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds are in the open position is shown inFIG. 5A. The adjusting levers44,46 are shown in their widest open position, i.e., the adjusting levers are positioned closest to thehousing panel50. In this position, the PIR detectors are exposed to the largest area through thelens16. An illustration of the cross sectional cut51 is shown inFIG. 5B. The

dual PIR detectors

60,62 are fastened to a mountingblock63, which in turn is fixed to the printedcircuit board61. Thelens16 is fixed to thehousing14. Thehousing14 is fastened to the mountingplate12.

A partition or separatingwall76 functions to separate the radiation falling on the two

detectors

60,62, reducing interference effects as well as providing mechanical support in the event a foreign object is pressed against the lens. Two

blinders

45,47 functions to adjust the amount of radiation falling on the

detectors

60,62.Blinder45 comprises anelongated shutter section74 supported by alower wall66 and an upper wall (not shown) and a cylindrical stud orpivot70. Similarly,blinder47 comprises anelongated shutter section72 supported by alower wall64 and an upper wall (not shown) and acylindrical stud68. The shutters are pivotally mounted to permit the blinders to be opened and closed. The blinders pivot on an axis formed by the

cylindrical studs

68,70.

The blinders may be curved and are preferably constructed of a material that does not pass the signal the detectors are adapted to respond to. The shutter sections may comprise a natural or synthetic rubber, thermoset or thermoplastic material or any other suitable molded or machinable material. The material used is preferably moldable plastic.

A perspective view illustrating the upper portion of the sensor/thermostat unit in more detail wherein the PIR sensor blinds are in the closed position is shown inFIG. 6A. The adjusting levers44,46 are shown in their narrowest closed position, i.e., the adjusting levers are positioned furthest away from thehousing panel50. In this position, the PIR detectors are exposed to the smallest area through thelens16. An illustration of the cross sectional cut53 is shown inFIG. 6B. The

blinders

45,47 are shown in their most closed position. In this position, the largest amount of radiation coming through thelens16 is blocked from falling on the

detectors

60,62.

Note that each of the

blinders

45,47 is independently adjustable so that the angles that each blinder is set to may be equal or unequal. To narrow the field of view of the detectors, the

blinders

45,47 are rotated towards thepartition76. Vice versa, to broaden the field of view of the detectors, the

blinders

45,47 are rotated away from thepartition76. A more detailed description of the operation and construction of the blinders and the housing may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,753, entitled Detector System With Adjustable Field Of View, similarly assigned and incorporated herein by reference.

The mounting of the temperature sensor within the housing will now be described in more detail. A perspective view illustrating the temperature and humidity sensors and associated pedestal, housing and cover in more detail is shown inFIG. 7.

For clarity sake, a cutaway drawing is shown focusing on the grill and temperature sensor assembly wherein the majority of the device has been omitted. The plurality ofelectrical leads90 from thetemperature sensor48 are mounted on thePC board80 via soldering or other means. The temperature sensor is mounted on a cylindrically shapedpedestal82 that extends from the surface of the PC board to the base of thesensor48. The electrical leads90 of thetemperature sensor48 are inserted into corresponding openings on the upper surface of thepedestal82. The circular cutout in thehousing panel50 is constructed to snugly fit around the diameter of thepedestal82. Anupper wall83 is provided that extends from thehousing panel50 to the outer cover. The upper wall helps to seal the temperature sensor from the rest of the device.

In accordance with the present invention, the outer cover,upper wall83,housing panel50 andpedestal82 are constructed and positioned so as to seal off the temperature sensor from the rest of the device. Thus, an air chamber is formed in which the sensor is positioned which permits air from outside the device to diffuse through thevent22 to thesensor48. Thus, the sensor is not exposed to any internal air channels that may be present and is separated from the PIR detectors so that they do not interfere with one another.

The pedestal will now be described in more detail. A perspective view illustrating the temperature and humidity sensor pedestal in more detail is shown inFIG. 8A. A side cross section view of the temperature and humidity sensor pedestal is shown inFIG. 8B.

As described above, thepedestal82 functions to support thetemperature sensor48 at a height above the PC board and also functions to environmentally isolate the sensor from the interior of the device.

The pedestal comprises acylindrical body100 and has a hollow interior. One end of thebody100 is closed off thus forming an upper portion. The upper portion comprises a substantiallyflat surface94 with a plurality ofapertures96 therewithin. Theflat surface94 is recessed and adapted to mate with the bottom surface of the temperature sensor and is shaped in accordance therewith. Surrounding the flat portion is a circular raisedrid ge98 extending around the entire circumference of the pedestal. Acircular lip93 is formed between theridge98 and the outer wall of thebody100.

The pedestal is positioned such that thelip93 sits flush against the interior edge of the housing panel50 (seeFIG. 7). Theridge98 is adapted to fit snuggly within the inner diameter of the cutout in the housing panel. Thus, the pedestal functions to seal the sensor from air circulating within the device between thePC board80 and thehousing panel50. It is important to note that other shapes for the temperature sensor are also possible other than the one shown here. Regardless of the type or shape of the sensor, the upper surface portion of the pedestal should be adapted to mate with the sensor to enclose it thus substantially forming a seal around the bottom portion of the sensor as shown herein.

A second embodiment of the multi-sensor device will now be presented. The first embodiment discussed above, incorporated multiple sensors and a thermostat function with a single switch. The second embodiment presented herein incorporates two switches. A front view illustration of a second embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating two switches and having the upper and lower covers in place is shown inFIG. 9. The device, generally referenced110, is similar todevice10 ofFIG. 1 with the difference being that two switches are included rather than one. This embodiment is useful when it is desired to control two separate logical loads from a single device in on/off fashion.

The device comprises a mountingplate12,housing14,lens16 for the PIR detectors, aremovable cover18,display41, up and downbuttons43 andgrill22 permitting air to diffuse through to thetemperature sensor48 andhumidity sensor49. Afirst switch cover122 and asecond switch cover124 are provided having optional raisedbumps127 to help users distinguish the two switches from each other by way of tactile feel, such as when operating the switch in low light or darkness. Also shown are themode switch30 which can be placed in an on, auto or off positions and thelight pipe126 which provides a light path to an internal LED or other light source and an ambient light sensor.

A third embodiment also splits the switch cover28 (FIG. 1) into two separate covers as the device ofFIG. 9. A front view illustration of a third embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating two switches and having the upper and lower covers in place is shown inFIG. 10. The device ofFIG. 10, however, provides a dimmer function for one or more electrical loads. Theswitch cover123, when pressed, functions to brighten the load as indicated by the uparrow129 and conversely, when theswitch cover125 is pressed, the load is dimmed, as indicated by thedown arrow121.

A fourth embodiment comprises a sensor unit similar to that ofFIGS. 1 and 2 but suitable for mounting on a surface of a wall. A perspective view illustration of a fourth embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention, a surface mount sensor/thermostat unit incorporating a single switch and having the upper and lower covers in place is shown inFIG. 11. The device, generally referenced400, comprises asurface mount housing402 and can be mounted to a wall box. The features and functionality of thedevice400 are similar to those of device10 (FIG. 1) and have been described hereinabove. Note that corresponding elements have been given the same reference numerals to aid the reader in understanding the invention.

A front view illustration of a fifth embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating temperature and humidity sensors in an air flow chamber, air flow channels, thermostat functions and a single switch is shown inFIG. 12. This device, generally referenced410, comprises a housing andfront face portion412. The face portion includes adisplay414 for displaying information such as temperature, status, commands or other type of data. The display may comprise any suitable display type such as LCD, LED, plasma, etc. Below thedisplay414 are twobuttons416 for inputting information into thedevice410. One button is configured as an up arrow and the other button is configured as a down arrow. These buttons could be used for example to set the desired temperature using the thermostat feature of the present invention.

Aslide switch417 is provided for selecting between cool, heat or off. Anadditional slide switch419 is employed on the other side of thedisplay414 that functions to allow the fan controls to be placed in an AUTO or ON state. Both slide switches are optional. If thedevice450 functions as a master thermostat then it is desirable to have the slide switches. On the other hand, if thedevice450 is in an office environment, for example, it may not be desirable to have the slide switches.

Another optional feature is the use of a press to release button (not shown) to allow for the device to be easily removed from the wall. This allows for the device with its lighting and temperature sensor and controls to be removed from its fixed position on the wall and moved freely about the room. It can be placed in a more desirable location or can be used as a remote control as well as a regular wall mounted or table top switch or dimmer, sensor or thermostat as well as to adjust and control all natural and artificial lighting, temperature and humidity devices.

Artificial devices include all type of conventional HVAC cooling and heating devices. Natural devices include but are not limited to such devices as ceiling fans, windows, window shades, skylights, etc., i.e., devices other than conventional HVAC devices.

Aswitch420 is located below thedisplay414 and up/downarrow buttons416. The switch is used to control a logical load that the device is bound to. The logical load comprises one or more physical electrical loads. When pressed, a message is sent to the control device connected to the load to be switched. The message is interpreted and the control device carries out any required action. On either side of the upper portion of theswitch420 is avent opening422 that leads to an inner air flow channel running downwardly to the chamber behind thegrill426.

Avisual indicator424 such as an LED or light bar is positioned below theswitch420. The visual indicator is used to provide feedback to the user, e.g., in connection with the status of the logically bound electrical load. Thedevice410 also incorporates an aperture grill or vent426 located below theLED424. Thevent426 functions to allow air to diffuse through to an inner chamber housing thetemperature sensor430 andhumidity sensor428. The chamber is connected via air channels within the device that run up inside theface cover412 of the device and exit through thevent openings422 situated on either side of theswitch420.

Thedevice410 also comprises a switch (not shown) that provides the user a means for placing the device into one or more modes. The switch may include two modes: OFF and AUTO. The AUTO position lets the load be controlled by one or more sensor inputs and the OFF position turns the load off regardless of the state of the sensor inputs.

Apertures

421 at the top and bottom of side faceextensions418 provide a means by which theface cover412 device may be fastened to a housing, the housing being adapted to be installed in a single or multiple gang wallbox. Apertures (not shown) are also included to permit a cover plate (not shown) to be mounted over the device after it is installed in a wallbox.

Note that the use of air channels in this embodiment of the invention, precludes the incorporation of PIR motion detection sensors in the device due to the problems associated with obtaining false readings of the PIR sensors. The problems arise due to the channeled air flowing near the PIR sensing elements. In addition, this embodiment may or may not comprise an ambient light sensor. Thedevice410 shown inFIG. 12 does not show one, however, an ambient light sensor may be placed behind thegrill426 or behind theswitch cover420 using a translucent window to permit light from outside the device to reach the ambient light sensor.

A front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit ofFIG. 12 with theswitch cover plate420 removed is shown inFIG. 13. Thearea432 behind theswitch cover420 houses a plurality of switches and visual indicators. A tactilemomentary switch434 is mechanically coupled to theswitch cover420 when it is in place. A user actuates theswitch434 by pressing on theswitch cover420. Avisual indicator438, e.g., LED, functions as a LonWorks service status LED, i.e., node status indication.

LEDs

424 and438 may optionally be different colors such as red forLED424 and yellow forLED438. Amomentary switch440 functions as a combination LonWorks compatible service request/go unconfigured button. Aswitch436 functions as an off/auto button.

The off/auto button436 is used to place thedevice410 into the off state or the auto state. In the off state, the device ceases to respond to sensor input including switch closures and will not transmit messages onto the network to other devices. When the device is in the auto state, it responds to sensor input and to switch closures and transmits messages to other nodes on the network.

The service request/gounconfigured button440 performs two functions. When the service request/gounconfigured button440 is pressed momentarily, e.g., for one second, thedevice410 performs normal service pin functions. However, when the service request/gounconfigured button440 is pressed for more than a certain period of time, e.g., six seconds, the device will be placed into the unconfigured state. Thus, a user may issue a command to the device, via thebutton440 that functions as an input means, telling it to enter the unconfigured state. The software controlling the button can be adapted to not place the device in the unconfigured state if the command is continuously present without interruption at the input means. The operation of the go unconfigured feature is described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/080,916, filed May 18, 1998, entitled “Apparatus For And Method Of Placing A Node In An Unconfigured State,” incorporated herein by reference.

A rear view illustration of the face of the sensor/thermostat unit ofFIG. 12 showing the embedded air flow channels for channeling air over the temperature and humidity sensors is shown inFIG. 14. The rear side of theface cover412 comprises anair channel442 grooved into the face cover that extends from thevent openings422 downward along the outer edges of the switch cover to the hollowed outchamber area444 that lies behind thegrill426. In operation, air enters thedevice410 via the larger grill openings, over the temperature and humidity sensors, up theair channels442 and out thevents422. Thechannels442 and the entire airflow chamber can be completely enclosed in the plastic frame or may also use a combination of the printed circuit board, housing, gaskets and other elements to create an air flow channel.

A front view illustration of a sixth embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating temperature and humidity sensors in a diffusion chamber, thermostat functions and a single switch is shown inFIG. 15. In this embodiment, the device, generally referenced450, comprises an air diffusion chamber to expose the temperature and humidity sensors to the surrounding air, rather than the air channels of thedevice410 ofFIG. 12.

Thedevice450 is similar to that of the device ofFIG. 12 with the removal of the vent openings and the widening of the switch cover. In particular, thedevice450 comprises a housing andfront face portion452. The face portion includes adisplay454 for displaying information such as temperature, status, commands or other type of data. Below thedisplay454 are twobuttons456 for inputting information into thedevice450. One button is configured as an up arrow and the other button is configured as a down arrow. These buttons could be used for example to set the desired temperature using the thermostat feature of the present invention.

Aslide switch457 is provided for selecting between cool, heat or off. Anadditional slide switch459 is employed on the other side of thedisplay454 that functions to allow the fan controls to be placed in an AUTO or ON state. Both slide switches are optional. If thedevice450 functions as a master thermostat then it is desirable to have the slide switches. On the other hand, if thedevice450 is in an office environment, for example, it may not be desirable to have the slide switches.

Aswitch462 is located below thedisplay454 and up/downarrow buttons456. The switch is used to control a logical load that the device is bound to. The logical load comprises one or more physical electrical loads. When pressed, a message is sent to the control device connected to the load to be switched. The message is interpreted and the control device carries out any required action.

Avisual indicator464 such as an LED or light bar is positioned below theswitch462. The visual indicator is used to provide feedback to the user, e.g., in connection with the status of the bound logical electrical load. Thedevice450 also incorporates an aperture grill or vent466 is located below theLED464. Thevent466 functions to allow air to diffuse through to an inner chamber housing thetemperature sensor470 andhumidity sensor468.

Apertures

460 at the top and bottom of side faceextensions458 provide a means by which theface cover452 device may be fastened to a housing, the housing being adapted to be installed in a single or multiple gang wallbox. Apertures (not shown) are also included to permit a cover plate (not shown) to be mounted over the device after it is installed in a wallbox.

Note that this embodiment may or may not comprise an ambient light sensor. Thedevice450 shown inFIG. 15 does not show one, however, an ambient light sensor may be placed behind thegrill466 or behind theswitch cover462 using a translucent window to permit light from outside the device to reach the ambient light sensor.

A front view illustration of the sensor/thermostat unit ofFIG. 15 with theswitch cover plate460 removed is shown inFIG. 16. Thearea472 behind theswitch cover462 houses a plurality of switches and visual indicators. Situated within thearea472 are a tactilemomentary switch474, avisual indicator476, e.g., LED, which functions as a LonWorks service status LED, i.e., node status indication, amomentary switch478 which functions as a combination LonWorks compatible service request/go unconfigured button and aswitch480 which functions as an off/auto button. The operation of

switches

474,478,480 andLED476 is identical to those of

switches

434,440,436 andLED438, respectively, ofFIG. 13 as described in detail hereinabove.

A perspective view illustration of a seventh embodiment of the sensor/thermostat unit of the present invention incorporating a display, dimming brighten/dim control, temperature control and temperate/room brightness display is shown inFIG. 17. This is another alternative for the face cover portion that may be incorporated into the multi-sensor device of the present invention. The device, generally referenced130, is shown installed with a cover plate in a single gang wallbox. The elements visible comprise acover plate140 that surrounds the device, an up/down dimmingcontrol134, atemperature display138, abrightness display136 and agrill135 for a temperature sensor and/or humidity sensor located between them. Thegrill135 is similar in construction and function to grill22 as shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 and described hereinabove.

Thetemperature display138 is shown in degrees Fahrenheit but can be also displayed in degrees Celsius. Thetemperature control132 provides a means for a user to enter information such as temperature set points for the thermostat function. The dimmingcontrol134 can provide not only a brighten/dim function but also an on/off function as well. Note that thedevice130 may function only as a control and display device or alternatively, may incorporate the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ambient light sensor and occupancy sensor of the embodiments described hereinabove.

The present invention is intended to function within a local operating network or network based control system incorporating multiple devices having different functionality. As an example, the local operating network can be applied to lighting and HVAC systems. The local operating network comprises one or more devices, a user interface, actuator element, power supply, communications media, media connections and protocol and sensor inputs. These components function to work together with other devices that can communicate using the same standard communication protocol to form a local operating network. The system comprises various device functionality including but not limited to various sensor and transducer functions such as motion detector sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors and dimming sensors. The devices may be packaged in various form factors including but not limited to surface mount, flush mount, wall mount and single or dual gang wall box and ceiling mount. Other features include light harvesting or constant light maintenance, time of day scheduling, on/off/auto switching and sensing, single and multiple 20A 100 to 347 VAC switching devices for incandescent and fluorescent lighting loads and 8 A 800W100 to347 VAC dimming triac devices with a series air gap relay element. The devices comprise software and/or firmware for controlling the operation and features of the device, 15 VDC power supply for supplying electrical power for the 0-10V dimming signal, a reset push button for resetting the device and a communications network media interface.

To aid in understanding the principles of the present invention, the invention is described in the context of the LonWorks communication protocol developed by Echelon Corp. and which is now standard EIA 709.1 Control Network Protocol Specification, incorporated herein by reference. Other related specifications include EIA 709.2 Control Network Powerline Channel Specification and EIA 709.3 Free Topology Twisted Pair Channel Specification, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The scope of the present invention, however, is not limited to the use of the LonWorks protocol. Other communication network protocols such as CEBus, etc. can be used to implement a control network within the scope of the present invention.

A key feature of the system is that the devices on the network can interoperate over the network. In addition, the system can be expanded at any time, and the functionality of the individual components can be changed at any time by downloading new firmware.

For a device to be interoperable it must communicate in accordance with the protocol specification in use in the system, e.g., LonWorks, CEBus, etc. If a device complies with the standard or protocol in use, it can communicate with other devices in the system. The temperature sensor within the device may be bound (as defined by the LonWorks protocol) to the HVAC system, for example. After a threshold temperature is exceeded, the temperature sensor can respond by sending a command to the HVAC system to turn on the air conditioning.

A schematic diagram illustrating the occupancy, ambient light, switch, dimmer, temperature and humidity unit (also referred to generally as simply the ‘unit’) of the present invention is shown inFIG. 18. Theunit150 comprises acontroller190 to which are connected various components. Thecontroller190 comprises a suitable processor such as a microprocessor or microcomputer. In the context of a LonWorks compatible network, the controller may comprise a Neuron 3120 or 3150 microcontroller manufactured by Motorola, Schaumberg, Ill. More detailed information on the Neuron chips can be found in the Motorola Databook: “LonWorks Technology Device Data,” Rev. 3, 1997, incorporated herein by reference. Memory connected to the controller includesRAM200,ROM202 for firmware program storage andEEPROM204 for storing downloadable software and various constants and parameters used by the unit.

Apower supply172 functions to supply the various voltages needed by the internal circuitry of the device, e.g., 5 V (V_CC), 15 V, etc. Thepower supply172 may be adapted to provide V_CCand other voltages required by the internal circuitry either directly from phase and neutral of the AC electrical power source or from an intermediate voltage generated by another power supply. For example, a 15 V supply voltage may be generated by another device and provided to theunit150 via low voltage cabling. This reduces the complexity of theunit150 thus reducing its cost by eliminating the requirement of having a high voltage power supply onboard.

Aclock circuit170 provides the clock signals required by thecontroller190 and the remaining circuitry. The clock circuit may comprise one or more crystal oscillators for providing a stable reference clock signal. The reset/powersupply monitor circuitry168 provides a power up reset signal to thecontroller190. The circuit also functions to monitor the output of the power supply. If the output voltage drops too low, thereset circuit168 functions to generate a reset signal as operating at too low a voltage may yield unpredictable operation.

In the case of LonWorks compatible networks, theunit150 comprises a service pin on thecontroller190 to which is connected a momentarypush button switch156 andservice indicator154 which may comprise an LED. Theswitch156 is connected between ground and the cathode of theLED154. The anode of the LED is connected to V_CCviaresister152. Azener diode158 clamps the voltage on the service pin to a predetermined level. Theswitch156 is connected to the service pin via aseries resister174. The service pin on the controller functions as both an input and an output. Thecontroller190 is adapted to detect the closure of theswitch156 and to perform service handling in response thereto. A more detailed description of the service pin and its associated internal processing can be found in the Motorola Databook referenced above.

Theunit150 is adapted to interoperate with other devices on the network. It incorporates communication means that comprises acommunication transceiver192 that interfaces thecontroller190 to the network. Thecommunications transceiver192 may comprise any suitable communication/network interface means. The choice of network, e.g., LonWorks, CEBus, etc. in addition to the choice of media, determines the requirements for thecommunications transceiver192. Using the LonWorks network as an example, the communications transceiver may comprise the FTT-10A twisted pair transceiver manufactured by Echelon Corp, Palo Alto, Calif. This transceiver comprises the necessary components to interface the controller to a twisted pair network. Transmit data from thecontroller190 is input to the transceiver which functions to encode and process the data for placement onto the twisted pair cable. In addition, data received from the twisted pair wiring is processed and decoded and output to thecontroller190. In addition to a free topology transceiver for a twisted pair network, other transceivers can be used such as RS-232, RS-485 or any other known physical layer interfaces suitable for use with the invention. In addition, transceivers for other types of media such as power line carrier and coaxial, for example, can also be used.

Theunit150 also comprises mode switch means that provides three modes of operation to the user: on/off/auto. The mode switch means comprisesslide switch160, pull upresisters180,182,

series resisters

176,178 and

zener diodes

162,164. Theslide switch160 is a three position slide switch which has two of the its terminals connected to two I/O pins on thecontroller150 via

series resisters

176,178. One comprises the ON mode state and the other the OFF mode state. Software in thecontroller150 periodically scans the two I/O pins for the state of the mode switch. The controller uses software adapted to decode the signal output of the mode switch to yield the actual switch position. The AUTO mode state is represented by both OFF and ON inputs being low.

The mode switch controls the operation of theunit150. If the switch is in the OFF state, the on/off or brighten/dim features of the device are disabled. If the switch is in the AUTO position, the device operates normally. When the mode switch is on the ON position, the load is forced to turn on regardless of the state of the on/off/auto switch inputs.

As described hereinabove, theunit150 is adapted to measure temperature, humidity, ambient light and to detect occupancy. Theunit150 comprises (1)motion sensor circuitry194 that functions to generate a MOTION signal representing the level of motion; (2) ambientlight sensor circuitry196 that functions to generate a LUX signal representing the level of light; (3)temperature sensor circuitry198 that functions to generate a TEMP signal representing the temperature level; and (4)humidity sensor circuitry199 that functions to generate a HUM signal representing the humidity level. The four analog signals MOTION, LUX, TEMP and HUM are input to a four-channel A/D converter188. Mux control of the A/D converter188 is provided by thecontroller190. The digitized output of the A/D converter is input to an I/O port on thecontroller190. Alternatively, the A/D conversion function may be incorporated into the controller as is common with many commercially available microcontrollers.

Theunit150 also comprisesrelay driver circuitry490 coupled to one or more relay loads;ballast dimming circuitry510 coupled to one or more 0-10 V ballast loads; and dimmingcircuitry530 coupled to one or more dimming loads.

An occupancy detectindicator186, which may comprise an LED, provides a user visual feedback as to the detection of motion by the unit. The cathode of theLED186 is input to an I/O pin on thecontroller190 and the anode is pulled high by pull upresister184. An active low on the signal OCCUPANCY_DETECT causes the LED to light.

The unit also provides a user the capability to either turn one or more lighting devices on/off and or to brighten/dim them. Theunit150 comprises circuitry two momentary contact switches218,220 that are connected to two I/O pins on thecontroller190 via

series resisters

206,208, respectively. One end of each switch is coupled to ground and the other end is clamped by a

zener diode

214,216. The output of each switch is pulled high to V_CCvia pull up

resisters

210,212.

The two

switches

218,220 may be installed in the unit behind a rocker panel such that one switch is operated when one end of the toggle is pressed and the other switch is operated when the other end of the toggle is pressed. Pressing on the upper portion of the toggle turns the lighting load on and pressing on the lower potion turns it off. Alternatively, the unit can be adapted to cause the lighting load to brighten and dim in response to the toggle being pressed upwards or downwards, respectively.

In connection with the embodiment shown inFIG. 1, thedevice10 only requires a single switch as this embodiment operates a single logical lighting load which could physically be many lighting loads. Theswitch plate28 is adapted to operate only a single push button switch. Each switch closure toggles the state of the logical and physical lighting load.

In connection with the embodiment ofFIG. 9, thedevice110 requires two switches but each could operate a separate logical lighting load that could physically be many lighting loads. Oneswitch plate122 is associated with one load and theother switch plate124 is associated with the other load. Each switch closure for each of the two switches functions to toggle the state of the respective logical and physical lighting load.

In connection with the embodiment ofFIG. 10, thedevice110 requires two switches for providing brighten/dim control for a single or multiple lighting load. Oneswitch plate123 is associated with the brighten function and theother switch plate125 is associated with the dim function. In addition, the up switch plate may also turn the load on and the down switch plate may function to turn the load off.

Thus, depending on the functionality desired in the device, the switches and associated hardware circuitry and software application may be adapted to provide numerous lighting control possibilities.

The motion sensor circuitry will now be described in more detail. A schematic diagram illustrating the motion sensor circuitry portion of themulti-sensor unit150 in more detail is shown inFIG. 19. Themotion sensor circuitry194 comprises one or more passive infrared (PIR) sensors coupled between ground and V_CC. In the example disclosed herein, two

PIR sensors

230,232 are connected between ground and V_CC. The PIR sensors may comprise a single sensor unit such as part number LHI878 manufactured by EG&G Heimann Optoelectronics GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany, or in the alternative a dual sensor unit. The signal output ofPIR sensor #1230 is processed bycircuitry comprising capacitor234 and resister236. The signal is then input to a signal conditioning operation amplifier (op amp) circuit comprisingop amp242,

capacitors

238,244 and

resisters

240,245. The signal is input to the inverting input of theop amp242.

The signal output ofPIR sensor #2233 is processed bycircuitry comprising capacitor260 andresister264. The signal is then input to the non-inverting input of theop amp242 via

capacitors

264,270 and

resisters

266 and268,272 that form a voltage divider.

The output of theop amp242 is input to a second signal conditioning op amp circuit comprisingop amp254,

capacitors

246,258,252 and

resisters

247,256,248 and250. The output of theop amp254, i.e., the MOTION signal, is input to the A/D converter188 (FIG. 14). The digital representation of the level of motion is processed by the occupancy task (described in more detail below) to determine whether or not the occupancy state should be declared.

A schematic diagram illustrating the ambient light sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 20. The ambientlight sensor circuitry196 comprises an ambientlight detector280 such as part number S1087 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu City, Japan. The cathode of thelight detector280 is connected to the inverting input ofop amp286. The anode of thedetector280 is connected to ground. A voltage reference V_REF1is input to the non-inverting input of the op amp.Capacitor284 andresistor282 are placed in the feedback path from the output to the inverting input via a voltage divider connected to the output and consisting of

resisters

287,288. The output of the op amp, i.e., the LUX signal, is input to one of the channels of the A/D converter188. The digitized ambient light level is processed by the ambient light level task (described in more detail below) and transmitted as a network variable to all devices over the network that are bound to the device.

A schematic diagram illustrating the temperature sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 21. Thetemperature sensor circuitry198 comprises atemperature sensor290 such as the NTC thermistor 23322-640-55103 manufactured by Philips. One side of theNTC temperature sensor290 is coupled to ground while the other side is connected toresistor291, which is of same resistance value and tolerance as the temperature sensor, forming a voltage divider whereby a voltage of 2.50 V (typically) represents a sensor case temperature of 25 degrees C.

The voltage divider is formed between a 5 VDC power supply voltage connected toresistor291. The non-circuit ground side of the NTC temperature sensor is input to the non-inverting input ofop amp298 viaseries resister292 andresister294 coupled to circuit ground. Ideally,

resistors

292 and294 approximate 0 ohms. The inverting input ofop amp298 is connected to a voltage reference V_REF2(typically 2.5 VDC) via matched

voltage divider resisters

296 and297 and is also connected to the output viafeedback resister300.

Matching resistors

296 and297 form a voltage divider that is connected to the inverting input ofop amp298.Resistor296 has one side connected to voltage reference V_REF2and the other side is connected toresistor297 that then connects to circuit ground.

Resisters

296,297 and300 are selected so as to provide a typical gain of 1, although other values of gain are also suitable. In other words, the output of theop amp298 is fed back to the inverting input creating a voltage follower circuit thus providing and overall gain of unity. The gain of the op amp can be modified to increase the resolution of the temperature reading over a given range. The output of the op amp, i.e., the TEMP signal, is input to one of the channels of the A/D converter188. The digitized ambient light level is processed by the temperature task (described in more detail below) and transmitted as a network variable to all devices over the network that are bound to the device.

In an alternative embodiment, a dual op amp circuit may be employed. In this case, the temperature sensing circuitry is coupled to two separate op amps. One of the op amps provides a unity gain as in the op amp circuit illustrated inFIG. 21 and the second provides a gain factor higher than unity, e.g., 5, so as to provide a finer resolution reading. The unity gain op amp provides a 0 to 5 volt range corresponding to a temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius. The op amp with a higher gain factor would provide a 0 to 5 volt range for a temperature range of, for example, 15 to 35 degrees Celsius.

Assuming a wide bit A/D converter is used, e.g., 16 bits, the upper 8 bits can be used for an incremental reading of 1 degrees Celsius and the lower 8 bits can be used for a higher resolution reading of {fraction (1/100)} degree Celsius.

A schematic diagram illustrating the humidity sensor circuitry portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 22. Thehumidity sensor circuitry199 is constructed around ahumidity sensor660. A humidity sensor suitable for use with the present invention is the EMD-2000 Micro Relative Humidity Sensor manufactured by General Eastern, Woburn, Mass. A suitable op amp is the LM358 whose output comprises the HUM. Signal input to the A/D converter block188 (FIG. 18).

A block diagram illustrating the communications transceiver portion of the control unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 23. As described previously, thecommunications transceiver192 functions to enable the control unit to communicate with other devices over the network. It is desirable that each device in the network incorporate communications means enabling it to share information with other devices. This is not, however, an absolute necessity as devices that do not employ a communications protocol or employ a protocol that is proprietary can also be part of the network. For example, a direct connection to the lighting load via a 0-10 VDC control line as well as a single analog output signal may be employed to communicate to one or more lighting and HVAC loads. In this example, thecommunications transceiver192 is adapted to transmit and receive data over twisted pair wiring. As mentioned previously, the communication transceiver could be adapted to other type of media as well including, but not limited to, power line carrier, coaxial, RF, etc.

Thecommunications transceiver192 comprises atwisted pair transceiver222 for receiving Tx data from the controller and for outputting Rx data to the controller. In the transmit path, the twisted pair transceiver processes the Tx data received from the controller resulting in a signal suitable for placement onto the twisted pair network. The Tx output of the twisted pair transceiver, which has been converted to a differential 2-wire signal, is input to the twistedpair interface circuitry224 which functions to adapt the differential transmit signal to the 2-wiretwisted pair network226.

In the receive path, the signal received over the 2-wiretwisted pair network226 is input to the twistedpair interface circuitry224. The interface circuitry functions to output a 2-wire differential receive signal that is input to thetwisted pair transceiver222. Thetwisted pair transceiver222 processes the differential receive signal and generates an output Rx signal suitable for input to the controller.

A more detailed description of the communications transceiver suitable for twisted pair networks and for other types of network media can be found in the Motorola Databook referenced above.

A schematic diagram illustrating the relay driver circuit portion of the multifunction sensor and control unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 24. Therelay driver circuit490 comprises a transistor circuit for controlling thecoil500 of arelay502. The RELAY signal from the controller is input to the base oftransistor494 viaresister496 andresistor492 connected to ground. Thecoil500 is placed in parallel with adiode498 and connected between the 15 V supply and the collector oftransistor494. Thediode498 functions to suppress the back EMF generated by the coil when it is de-energized. In accordance with the RELAY signal, the circuit functions to open and close therelay502 that is connected to the relay load.

A schematic diagram illustrating the ballast dimming circuitry portion of the multifunction sensor and control unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 25. Theballast dimming circuit510 comprises anop amp518 and associated components which functions to output a signal in the range of 0 to 10 VDC. The output signal causes fluorescent lights that are equipped with electronic ballasts to dim to a particular level. The electronic ballasts are adapted to receive a standard 0 to 10 V signal that corresponds to the desired light intensity level. The electronic ballast consequently adjusts the voltages applied to the bulbs they are connected to in accordance with the level of the input ballast-dimming signal.

The pulse width modulated BALLAST signal from the controller is input to the non-inverting input of theop amp518 via the integrating filter represented by theseries resister512 and thecapacitor514 to ground. This signal is then amplified to an appropriate level via theop amp518 and its associated resistor network comprised of

resistors

516 and520. The resulting amplification of this particular circuit is approximately given by the following expression,

1 + \frac{R_{138}}{R_{136}}

Azener diode522 prevents the ballast output signal from exceeding a predetermined value. Note that the control unit may comprise a plurality of ballast dimming circuits for dimming a plurality of fluorescent light loads.

A schematic diagram illustrating the dimming circuitry portion of the multifunction sensor and control unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 26. The dimmingcircuitry530 functions to control the light level of an incandescent load (a dimming load). The dimmingcircuitry530 comprises two portions: a triac dimming portion and a relay portion. The triac dimming portion comprises atriac542 that is turned on at different points or angles of the AC cycle to effect the dimming function. Thetriac542 is triggered by an opto coupled diac536 which comprises anLED534 optically coupled to adiac540. Thediac540 is connected to the gate of thetriac542. The DIMMING signal from the controller turns on theLED534 whose anode is connected to V_CCviaresister532. The DIMMING signal is brought low when the triac is to be turned on. The timing of the signal input to the opto coupled diac is synchronized with the zero crossings of the AC power. While the dim level of the load is set to non zero, the DIMMING signal is applied on a periodic basis, i.e., every AC half cycle.

Across the anode and cathode of thetriac542 are connected aresister546,capacitor544 and a pair of

MOVs

562,566. Acoil548 is located in series with acapacitor564 connected to the neutral of the AC power. Arelay560 is placed in series with the triac for providing an air gap between the phase of the AC power and the load. Therelay560 is controlled by relay drivecircuitry comprising transistor572,

resistors

574,576,diode570 andcoil568. The relay drive circuitry shown here operates similarly to the relay drive circuitry ofFIG. 24. When it is desired to completely turn the load off, the controller asserts the DIM_RELAY signal which cause therelay560 to open.

A block diagram illustrating the software portion of the multi-sensor unit in more detail is shown inFIG. 27. The hardware and software components of the unit in combination implement the functionality of the device. The software portion of the unit will now be described in more detail. Note that the implementation of the software may be different depending on the type of controller used to construct the unit. The functional tasks presented herein, however, can be implemented regardless of the actual implementation of the controller and/or software methodology used.

In the example presented herein, the controller is a Neuron 3120, 3150 or equivalent. Some of the functionality required to implement the control unit is incorporated into the device by the manufacturer. For example, the processing and associated firmware for implementing the physical, link and network layers of the communication stack are performed by means built into the Neuron processor. Thus, non-Neuron implementations of the control unit would require similar communication means to be able to share information with other devices over the network.

It is important to note that some of the tasks described herein may be event driven rather than operative in a sequential program fashion. The scope of the invention is not limited to any one particular implementation but is intended to encompass any realization of the functionality presented herein. In addition, some of the tasks are intended to function based on input received from other devices that also communicate over the network.

The various tasks described herein together implement the functionality of the unit. Each of the tasks will now be described in more detail. Themain control task310 coordinates the operation of the unit. The control task is responsible for the overall functioning of the unit including initialization, housekeeping tasks, polling tasks, sensor measurement, etc. In general, the unit is adapted to measure one or more physical quantities, transmit the measured quantities over the network, issue commands to a control unit located on the network and respond to commands received over the network from other sensors and control devices.

The control is effected by the use of network variables referred to as Standard Network Variable Types (SNVTs), in the case of LonWorks networks, for example. Thus, the data transmitted over the network is transmitted in the form of one or more network variables. In addition, based on the values of the various network variables received by the unit, the unit responds and behaves accordingly. The following describes the functionality provided by the unit.

The following functions: relay, occupancy, lumens maintenance, dimming,California Title 24, ambient light level, light harvesting, ballast,analog 0 to 10 V, reset, go unconfigured, communication I/O, inhibit and scenes are described in detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/213,497, filed Dec. 17, 1998, entitled “Network Based Electrical Control System With Distributed Sensing And Control,” incorporated herein by reference.

Reset

Thereset task312 functions to place the controller into an initialization state. Variables are initialized, states of the various drivers are initialized, memory is cleared and the device begins executing its application code. The reset task executes at start up and at any other time it is called or the power is reset. The task functions to initialize the internal stack, service pin, internal state machines, external RAM, communication ports, timers and the scheduler. Before the application code begins executing, the oscillators are given a chance to stabilize.

Inhibit

The inhibittask314 provides the capability of inhibiting and overriding the normal operating mode of the device and possibly one or more other devices connected to the network. This task is intended to operate within an electrical network that is made up of a plurality of devices wherein one or more of the devices is capable of commanding a control device to remove and reapply electrical power from a logical load connected to it. The devices or nodes communicate with the control device over the communications network.

For example, in a network utilizing a plurality of sensors and a control unit coupled to one or more logical loads, wherein each logical load comprises one or more physical electrical loads, one of the device generates an inhibit signal that is communicated to the control unit. The control unit then propagates a feedback signal to the plurality of sensors. The sensor devices may comprise any type of sensor such as an occupancy sensor, switch or dimming sensor. Each sensor device is bound to its associated control unit. The one or more physical electrical loads are connected to the control unit. A feedback variable is bound from the control unit to each of the sensors.

When one of the sensors is turned off, i.e., its switch setting is placed in the OFF position, the inhibit task is operative to inhibit the normal operating mode of all the other input sensors and the control unit. Note that the term ‘turning a device off’ includes switching the device off, disabling the device, placing the device in standby mode or tripping the device. There can be multiple sensor devices simultaneously in the off, disabled, standby or tripped mode. The control unit and its load remain inhibited until all the sensor devices are no longer in the off, disabled, standby or tripped mode. Thus, electrical power to the load controlled by the control unit remains disconnected until all sensor devices are in the on position.

This feature is particularly suited to permit maintenance or service to be performed in a safe manner on (1) any of the sensors, i.e., switching, occupancy, dimming, etc. sensor devices, logically connected to the same control unit or on (2) the load physically connected to the control unit.

The mode switch160 (FIG. 18) is used for placing the unit into an off, disabled, standby, tripped or maintenance inhibit mode. The switch means can be implemented using mechanical or electronic means or a combination of the two either at the device itself or remotely over a network via one or more control commands. Optionally, a pull out tab or mechanical arm can be used to put the input device into the maintenance off mode when it is pulled out. The pull out tab or mechanical arm would leave the input device in normal operating mode when pushed back in.

In either case, when the input device is placed in the off position, an inhibit message is sent to the control unit over the network. In response, electrical power to the attached load is removed. Subsequently, all other sensor devices that are bound to the same control unit are inhibited from causing power to be applied to the load. This permits safe access to the control unit and to the load for service or maintenance reasons. The normal operating mode of all the sensor devices connected to the same control unit is inhibited or overridden. Until all sensor devices that have previously been placed in the off mode are, put into the on mode and returned to their normal operating condition, all sensor devices are not permitted to change the state of the load or the control unit.

Further details on the implementation of the inhibit task can be found in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/045,625, filed Mar. 20, 1998 entitled “Apparatus For And Method Of Inhibiting And Overriding An Electrical Control Device,” similarly assigned and incorporated herein by reference.

Go Unconfigured

The gounconfigured task316 provides the capability of placing a device (also refereed to as a node) in an unconfigured state. This is useful whenever the device needs to be placed in a certain state such as the unconfigured state. A major advantage of this feature is that it provides an installer of LonWorks based systems the ability to easily place the electrical device (the node) in an unconfigured state utilizing the same button156 (FIG. 18) that is used in making a service request.

When the device is in the configured node state (also known as the normal operating mode state), the device is considered configured, the application is running and the configuration is considered valid. It is only in this state that both local and network derived messages destined for the application software layer are received. In the other states, i.e., the application-less and unconfigured states, these messages are discarded and the node status indicator154 (FIG. 18) is off. The node status indicator is typically a service light emitting diode (LED) that is used to indicate to a user the status of the node.

A device is referred to as configured if it is either in the hard off-line mode (i.e., an application is loaded but not running) or in the configured node state as described above. A node is considered unconfigured if it is either application-less or in the unconfigured state, i.e., no valid configuration in either case. Via the go unconfigured task, a user can force the device into the unconfigured state so that it can be re-bound to the network, i.e., the device must be ‘reset’ within the LonWorks system.

More specifically, the term going unconfigured, is defined as having the execution application program loaded but without the configuration available. The configuration may either be (1) not loaded (2) being re-loaded or (3) deemed bad due to a configuration checksum error.

In a LonWorks device, an executable application program can place its own node into the unconfigured state by calling the Neuron C built in function ‘go_unconfigured( )’. Using this built in function, an application program can determine, based on various parameters, whether or not an application should enter this state. When the device does enter the unconfigured state, theNode Status Indicator flashes at a rate of once per second.

The unit of the present invention utilizes the service pin on the controller, e.g., Neuron chip, to place the node in an unconfigured state. Under control of the firmware built into the Neuron chip, the service pin is used during the configuration, installation and maintenance of the node embodying the Neuron chip. The firmware flashes an LED suitably connected to the service pin at a rate of ½ Hz when the Neuron chip has not been configured with network address information. When the service pin is grounded, the Neuron chip transmits a network management message containing its 48 bit unique ID on the network. A network management device to install and configure the node can then utilize the information contained within the message. The Neuron chip checks the state of the service pin on a periodic basis by the network processor firmware within the chip. Normally, the service pin is active low.

Further details on the implementation of the go unconfigured task can be found in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/080,916, filed May 18, 1998 cited above.

Communication I/O

The communication I/O task318 functions in conjunction with the communication means located in the controller and the communication transceiver connected to the controller. The controller itself comprises means for receiving and transmitting information over the network. As described previously, the communications firmware for enabling communications over the network is built into the Neuron chip. Further details can be found in the Motorola Databook referenced above.

Occupancy

Theoccupancy task320 is used to detect occupancy and maintain the occupied state until no occupancy is detected. Theoccupancy task320 implements the occupancy functionality of the unit. Typically, the output generated by the occupancy task is bound to a control unit or similar device, which controls electrical power to the load. The occupancy task performs the motion detection function and calculates application delay and/or hold times as required. The SNVT ‘SNVT_occupancy’ can be used in implementing the occupancy detection and reporting functions.

Along with the basic detection of motion, the occupancy task can utilize one or more configuration parameters that function to control the detection and reporting operations. In particular, a hold time parameter, e.g., SNVT_time_sec nciHoldTime, can be set which delays the reporting of a change from the occupied to unoccupied state. Note that preferably the occupancy sensor changes from the unoccupied state to the occupied state rapidly, but changes from the occupied to the unoccupied states after a delay. The purpose of the delay is to avoid unnecessary network traffic when the occupancy sensor is not detecting motion continuously. This is particularly useful when PIR detectors are employed in the sensor unit.

Theoccupancy task320 functions to control a relay or dimming load in accordance with the detection of motion in an area. One or more occupancy sensor devices can be bound to a relay or dimming object within the controller. A network may include a plurality of occupancy sensors and a control unit coupled to a load. Typically, the occupancy sensors are bound via the network to the control unit. The load to be switched or dimmed is coupled to the control unit. In a LonWorks network, any number of sensors can be bound to the same object (load). The occupancy task does utilize any feedback from the control unit. In addition, more than one load can be connected to and controlled by the control unit.

In addition, a light-harvesting feature (described in more detail below) can be enabled or disabled for each input. This feature utilizes the light level sensed by an ambient light level sensor also connected to the network. When occupancy is detected, the sensor functions to generate a command that is sent to the occupancy task in the control unit. The command is sent via the setting of a value for a particular network variable. The occupancy task first checks the current level of the light. If light harvesting is enabled, the lights turn on in accordance with the light-harvesting task. The ambient light level is periodically checked and the brightness of the lights is adjusted accordingly. If light harvesting is not enabled, then the lights are turned on in accordance with the following Lighting Priority Order:

- 1. If the last light level value was not equal to zero, i.e., completely off or 0%, then the level of the lights will be set to the last dim level that was set at the time the lights were last turned off.
- 2. If the last light level value was equal to zero but the Preferred Level is not equal to zero then the level of the lights will be set to the Preferred Level value. Note that it is not desirable to set the lights to a 0% dim level, as confusion may arise whether the device is operating properly, since 0% dim appears as completely off.
- 3. If the last light level value was equal to zero and the Preferred Level is null then the level of the lights is set to maximum brightness, i.e., 100%.
  Note that in each case, the light level is brought up the required level in gradual increments, resulting in a gradual turn on of the lighting load. The Preferred Level value (also referred to as the Happy State) is a brightness level that is calculated in order to reduce the number of writes to the EEPROM connected to the controller. The Preferred Level is generated by using a sliding check of the brightness levels set by the user over time. The Preferred Level is set if the light is turned on to the same brightness level a predetermined number of times consecutively, e.g., 5 times. If the current level is equal to the previous level the required number of times consecutively, then that particular brightness level is stored in EEPROM and a variable is set within the controller. The counter is reset once a current level does not match the current level. Note that a Preferred Level of zero is stored or permitted.

As described above, the analog signal MOTON output by the occupancy sensor circuitry194 (FIG. 19) is input to one of the channels of the A/D converter. The digitized value is then input to the controller who reads it periodically. The MOTION signal is a bipolar analog signal adapted to the range of 0 to 5 V for input to the A/D converter. With a 12-bit A/D converter, the MOTION signal is converted into a value from 0 to 4196. The value 2300 is taken as the null motion level that represents no detected motion.

The controller functions to generate a window with high sense and a low sense values forming the boundaries of thresholds of the window. If the A/D value exceeds the high sense threshold or is lower than the low sense threshold, occupancy is declared. The high and low sense values are variable depending on the field of view/sensitivity setting set by the user. The values of the high and low sense thresholds for various field of view settings are presented below in Table 1.

TABLE 1


Field Of View	Low Sense	High Sense	Delta Δ

High	1900	2700	±350
On	1700	2900	±500
Medium	1300	3300	±1000
Low	700	3900	±2000
Off		Occupancy Off

Thus, based on the field of view setting, occupancy is declared when the A/D value exceeds either the low or high sense thresholds. The larger the field of view, the smaller the window size, i.e., smaller A/D values cause occupancy to be declared. Conversely, the smaller the field of view, the larger the window size, i.e., larger A/D values cause occupancy to be declared.

After either the low or high sense threshold is exceeded, the A/D value is tracked and the occupancy detect LED186 (FIG. 18) is illuminated. Once the value falls back below either threshold, a delay timer is started. The length of the timer is adjustable and is relatively short, e.g., 50 to 100 ms. If the A/D value remains within the threshold settings for the entire timer duration, the occupancy LED is extinguished and a hold timer is started. The occupancy state is not changed at this point and electrical power to the load is not removed. The hold timer counts a hold time duration that is settable over the network by a user. Only after the hold time is reached without the A/D value exceeding either threshold is the occupancy state removed and a network message is transmitted instructing the control unit to turn the load off.

For LonWorks based networks, the following output network variables may be used in implementing the occupancy sensor function: occupancy, occupancy numerical output and occupancy auxiliary state. The following input network variables may be used: hold time, maximum send time and field of view.

A key feature of the unit is that both the field of view and the sensitivity of the occupancy sensor can be adjusted over the network. Optionally, adjustments can be scheduled at either specific or random time intervals as determined by a scheduler device that transmits commands to the unit. For example, the field of view can be automatically adjusted over the network in accordance with the time of day, time clock, scheduler or other devices or inputs such as a local set point button/slider or via a network management tool.

The field of view and the sensitivity of the occupancy sensor can be changed by varying the threshold window that is used to process the MOTION signal (FIG. 19) output of the occupancy sensor circuitry. The threshold information may reside in non-volatile memory, e.g., EEPROM, and can be altered over the network. It may also be stored in RAM and changed dynamically over the network. Different applications could employ the ability to adjust the field of view combined with the ability to set different levels, different polarities such as negative or positive response of the PIR, time frames or number of hits or cycles.

A user of the unit has the ability to select the desired field of view level between high, on, medium, low and off, representing fields of view >100%, 100%, 50%, 25% and off, respectively.

The occupancy sensor can be overridden, i.e., ignored, in response to a scheduled or random input. For example, occupancy may be ignored during certain times of the day such as during nighttime hours. A switch can be bound with the occupancy sensor to provide an override function to turn the lights on at night or during off-hours. This feature is useful since the PIR detectors activate when they detect changes in heat or high levels of energy which are often generated, for example, by walkie talkies. Thus, this feature functions to minimize the ‘false ons’ that occur then the HVAC system is turned off at night or on in the morning.

In addition, the unit may be adapted to require a sequence or combination of multiple sensor input activity from one or more devices in various locations before establishing that occupancy exists. This functions to reduce the effects of noise that may be present in the environment the unit is operative in.

Ambient Light Level

The ambientlight task322 functions to measure the ambient light level and output the corresponding lux value. The ambientlight task322 implements the ambient light functionality of the unit utilizing the LUX output of the ambient light sensor circuitry196 (FIG. 20). The ambient light level task functions to maintain a particular lux level within an area, if the user enables this mode. The task receives ambient light sensor data from an ambient light sensor bound to it over the network. The ambient light sensor periodically sends lux reading updates to the ambient light level task. The lux level to be maintained is provided by the user.

The ambient light level task operates in conjunction with the occupancy sensor device and its related occupancy task. If an occupancy sensor detects motion, for example, the lights are controlled in accordance with the current ambient light level reading. If the light level is greater than or equal to the current maintenance lux level setting, then the lights are not turned on. If, on the other hand, the light level is greater than or equal to the current maintain lux level setting, then the light is turned on in accordance with the Lighting Priority Order described above.

The ambient light sensor has the ability to detect different light levels and is self calibrated via the intrinsic gain in each device. The sensors can be calibrated in the field by taking two ambient light readings and entering the values into a network management tool that would then adjust the processing algorithm to produce a more accurate reading.

One application of the ambient light feature is to maintain a particular lux level within an area. The ambient light task receives light level data from the ambient light sensor and transmits the lux readings to all devices bound to it over the network.

The standard network variable SNVT_lux can be employed in the implementation of the ambient light task. In addition to the basic lux light level output, the light sensor object may input one or more parameters. In particular, the parameters may include the following:

- 1. location (nciLocation)—physical location of the light sensor.
- 2. reflection factor (nciReflection)—used to adjust the internal gain factor for the measured illumination level; this may be necessary because the amount of light reflected back to the sensor element from the surface might be different.
- 3. field calibration (nciFieldCalibr)—used by the light sensor to self calibrate the sensor circuitry; the ambient light value measured with an external lux meter is used as input to the light sensor which then adjusts its reflection factor to yield the same output value.
- 4. Minimum send time (nciMinSendT)—used to control the minimum period between network variable transmissions, i.e., the maximum transmission rate.
- 5. Maximum send time (nciMaxSendT)—used to control the maximum period of time that expires before the current lux level is transmitted; this provides a heartbeat output that can be used by bound objects to ensure that the light sensor is still functioning properly.
- 6. Send on delta (nciMinDelta)—used to determine the amount by which the value obtained by the ambient light sensor circuitry must change before the lux level is transmitted.
  Note that these parameters are optional and may or may not be used in any particular implementation of the ambient light task.

The ambient light sensor circuitry operates with an offset. A light level of zero lux generates approximately 1.6 V at the output of the A/D converter. In addition, the sensor and its housing are adapted to be sensitive to changes in light intensity on tabletops within the area to be covered. The cover (lens) positioned over the sensor so that light enters via the aperture26 (FIG. 1) in the switch cover. This arrangement, however, functions to attenuate the light even more. Thus, an offset and a correction factor must be applied to values read from the sensor.

A value from the sensor is read in to the controller periodically, e.g., every 100 ms. An average is computed for every 10 values read in. This number is then used to calculate a lux reading using the following expression,

lux_value = conversion_factor \cdot 1000 \cdot (average - offset) \cdot (\frac{\max (LUX)}{\max (average) \cdot 1000})

The above equation yields a LUX value in the range of 0 to 2,500 lux. In addition, a user can supply a reflection coefficient that can be factored into the calculation of the lux value. The reflection coefficient is expressed as a number in the range of +/−3.0. The lux value calculated using the equation above is multiplied by the reflection coefficient to yield a lux value compensated for reflections.

Further, a linearity correction (slope offset correction adjustment or calibration factor) can be applied which typically varies from room to room. Two light readings are taken, one in bright light and the other in dim light. Two sets of readings are taken: one using theunit150 and the other set using an external sensor. The system installer can perform this procedure at the time the system is initially installed.

A diagram illustrating the relationship between the actual and measured lux versus light intensity is shown inFIG. 28. The linearity correction procedure described above, compensates for this slope offset.

Temperature

Thetemperature task324 functions to read the TEMP signals generated by the temperature sensor circuitry198 (FIG. 21). The TEMP value is converted to digital by the A/D converter188 and read into thecontroller190. The temperature sensor circuitry is adapted to output a TEMP value corresponding to a temperature in the range of 0 to 50° C. Assuming an A/D with 0 to 5 V output range, a temperature of 25° C. corresponds approximately to 2.5 V at the output of the A/D converter.

In accordance with the TEMP signal read in, a temperature value is calculated using the following,

temperature_value = 1000 \cdot TEMP \cdot (\frac{2500}{2100 \cdot 1000})

The nonlinearity of the temperature sensor can be corrected for by applying a calibration correction using slope and offset adjustments in similar fashion as the occupancy task described above.

In addition, a standard network variable can be employed in the implementation of the temperature sensor task. In addition to the basic temperature output, the temperature sensor object may input one or more parameters. In particular, the parameters may include the following:

- 1. location (nciLocation)—physical location of the light sensor.
- 2. field calibration (nciFieldCalibr)—used by the temperature sensor to self calibrate the sensor circuitry; the temperature value measured with an external temperature sensor is used as input to the temperature sensor which then adjusts its algorithm to yield the same output value
- 3. Minimum send time (nciMinSendT)—used to control the minimum period between network variable transmissions, i.e., the maximum transmission rate
- 4. Maximum send time (nciMaxSendT)—used to control the maximum period of time that expires before the current temperature reading is transmitted; this provides a heartbeat output that can be used by bound objects to ensure that the temperature sensor is still functioning properly.
- 5. Send on delta (nciMi elta)—used to determine the amount by which the value obtained by the temperature sensor circuitry must change before the temperature reading is transmitted.
  Note that these parameters are optional and may or may not be used in any particular implementation of the temperature sensor task.

As described above, the temperature sensor and software include an offset calibration value that can be employed to calibrate the temperature sensor. Also, the speed at which the temperature value is sent over the network can be increased or decreased.

A flow diagram illustrating the portion of the software used to read the temperature sensor in more detail is shown inFIG. 29. This process is performed on a periodic bases, e.g., every 100 ms. An average temperature reading is calculated every 10 cycles, i.e., once a second, in order to reduce the effect of transients and random fluctuations. First, it is checked whether the OUTPUT_TEMP flag is set (step330). This flag is set true at the end of a cycle of 10 readings. If the flag is true, then the accumulated temperature variable TEMP_VALUE is reset to zero (step332), the counter TEMP_COUNT is reset to zero (step334) and the OUTPUT_TEMP flag is cleared (step336).

If the flag is not set, these steps are skipped and control passes to step338 wherein a temperature reading is input from the A/D converter (step338). The value read in is added to TEMP_VALUE (step340). The counter TEMP_COUNT is incremented (step342). When the count reaches10 (step344), the TEMP_SENSOR flag is set (step346). If 10 temperature values have not yet been read in, the process ends. Note that depending on the controller used to implement the invention, the count may exceed 10 such as when the event scheduler internal to the controller could not service the event fast enough due to high loading.

A flow diagram illustrating the process temperature value portion of the software in more detail is shown inFIGS. 30A and 30B. This routine is performed whenever the TEMP_SENSOR flag is set. First, the temperature readings are averaged by dividing TEMP_VALUE by TEMP_COUNT (step350). The OUTPUT_TEMP flag is set so that a new set of readings can be accumulated (step352). The digital number obtained for the average is converted to an equivalent number in degrees Celsius (step353). After converting the average to degrees Celsius, one or more slope, offset and corrective algorithm adjustments are then performed (step354).

The difference T_Dbetween the current temperature T_Cand the present temperature T_Pis then calculated: T_D=T_C−T_P(step355). The new current temperature T_NCis calculated by applying the difference T_Das a percent increase or decrease. For example, T_NC=T_C+T_D−T_C(step356). Over time the difference temperature TD approaches zero (as does the slope of the rise or fall of the temperature relative to time) as the temperature begins to change more slowly and the room reaches a stable ambient. At this point, T_NCwill equal T_C. The new current temperature is averaged to a predefined number of readings at a predefined interval taken over a given time period (step357). The average is stored as a new uncalibrated temperature (step358).

It is then checked whether a TEMP_OFFSET update has been received over the network (step359). If so, a new calibration offset temperature value is calculated (step360). If no update has been received, the current temperature is calculated using the calibration offset (step362).

If the current temperature is changing at a rate faster than a predetermined rate (step363), then it is assumed that either a false influence is occurring or a fire may exist in the vicinity of the device. As described previously, since the temperature sensor may be exposed to the open air, a ‘fast change algorithm’ can be employed which functions to recognize a rapid rate of change of temperature at the sensor, e.g., more than 15 degrees per 10 seconds. The rapid temperature change may either be due to someone placing their finger on the sensor, applying a heat gun, applying a cold compress or may be due to flames from a fire. The software routine, in response the detection of a rapid rate of change in temperature, can either send a warning message over the network or ignore the change in temperature, regarding it as an artificial heat/cold source. The device can be programmed to respond either way, i.e., sending temperature data over the network and having it acted upon or internally filtering it out and ignoring it.

If a message is sent, the actual temperature value may or may not be sent depending on the configuration setup of the device. For example, if it is a false influence, the rapid change in temperature should be ignored and not displayed on the network or a local display, e.g., LCD display. To determine whether the current temperature is changing too fast, the previous temperature is compared to the current temperature. If the difference is too large per a specific time interval, then the method continues withstep374. If not, the method continues withstep364.

Next, the temperature reading just calculated is compared with the previous reading. If the difference is greater than a threshold (step364) then the current temperature is transmitted over the network (step366). If the difference is less than or equal to the threshold, the temperature is transmitted over the network (step370) if the TEMP_TIMER timer expired (step368). The timer is then reset (step372).

The previous temperature is set equal to the current temperature (step374) and the TEMP_SENSOR flag is cleared (step376).

A flow diagram illustrating the set point adjustment portion of the software in more detail is shown inFIG. 31. The user interacts with the temperature set point adjustment features of the device via the up and down buttons43 (FIG. 1). If either set point button is pressed for more than a predetermined time interval, e.g., 3 seconds (step580), the currently configured set point is displayed (step582). At this point, if either set point button is pressed (step584), the current set point is incremented or decremented depending on which set point button was pressed (step586). If neither set point button is pressed for longer than a predefined length of time, e.g., 10 seconds (step588), the display shows the current temperature (step590).

A flow diagram illustrating the thermostat portion of the software in more detail is shown inFIG. 32. This routine is run on a continuously basis and may be adapted to run in the LonWorks programming and operating environment. In particular, the method may be implemented by creating one or more events that are periodically monitored. When an occurrence is detected, the corresponding procedure is executed.

First, the current temperature reading is compared to the currently configured set point (step600). If the current temperature has fallen below or risen above a predefined range or difference, e.g., +/−1.5 degrees Celsius (step610), then cooling, heating and/or a fan is turned on (step612) and a hold timer is set (step614). Note that in this step and the steps that follow, the cooling, heating and fan can be controlled by a variety of ways, such as the following alone or in combination: via one or more network updates, via a relay toggle wherein the relay is integral with the device or is situated remotely on the network.

If the current temperature falls within the predefined range or difference, e.g., +/−1.5 degrees Celsius (step610), then cooling, heating and/or a fan is turned off (step632) and a hold timer is stopped (step634).

Once the hold timer has expired (step616), it is checked whether the current temperature has fallen below or risen above a predefined range, e.g., +/−1.5 degree Celsius (step618). If it has, cooling, heating and/or a fan is turned off (step620) and a wait timer is set (step622).

Once the wait timer expires (step624), it is checked whether the temperature has fallen below or risen above a predefined range (step626), e.g., +/−1.5 degrees Celsius. If it has, control continues withstep612 and the cooling, heating and/or fan is turned on.

A flow diagram illustrating the fast change portion of the software in more detail is shown inFIG. 33. The temperature is first calculated (step640) and then stored as a fast change temperature value (step642). A fast change timer is then set (step644). When the fast change timer expires (step646), the stored fast change temperature is compared to the current temperature (step648).

If the temperature difference falls below or above a predefined range (step650), e.g., 15 degrees Celsius, then do not update the temperature value and send a warning message via the network and/or set a beeping signal at a slow interval (step652). A fast change timer is then set (step654).

The current temperature exceeds a predefined alert temperature, e.g., 50 degrees Celsius (step656), then send an alert message via the network and/or set a beeping signal at a fast interval (step658).

Humidity

Thehumidity task323 is operative to periodically sense the current humidity level via the HUM. signal output of thehumidity sensor circuit199. Depending on the desired application, the humidity reading measured can be displayed locally and/or transmitted to a remote location via the network, such as to a central monitoring station.

Relay

Therelay task313 functions to control the on and off state of the one or more relays connected to the unit. Each relay has an associated relay driver circuit490 (FIG. 24) and a relay load. Using network variables within the context of a LonWorks based network, the relay task may respond, i.e., be bound, to various network variables. The relay task may be suitably programmed to respond to settings of an ON/AUTO/OFF switch on a switch or dimming device. If the switching input value is set to on, then the relay is turned on regardless of the setting of a bound occupancy sensor device or other sensor device. Thus, if a user turns the switch to the ON position, the relay task would respond by turning the relay on provided that the control unit is not in the inhibited sate (described in more detail hereinbelow). The relay would stay on, regardless of the state of other bound sensor devices such as occupancy sensor devices. The relay task also responds to the on/off commands from a bound switch device, turning the relay on and off accordingly. When in the AUTO state, the relay load is controlled by the sensors bound to it over the network.

Therelay task313 also comprises means of controlling the relay load locally via one or more switch integral to the device. The relay task is adapted to optionally control the relay load in response to various sensors within the device, e.g., temperature, humidity, motion, ambient light.

Dimming

The dimmingtask326 implements the dimming functionality of the unit and functions to control a dimming load connected to a control unit or other dimming device directly or via the network. Theunit150 is connected to the network and bound to one or more control units. Brighten and dim commands are generated by the dimming task and transmitted onto the network. In response, the dimming task in the corresponding control units brightens or dims its associated dimming load accordingly.

A network may utilize a plurality of dimming sensors and a control unit coupled to a logical dimming load. The plurality of dimming sensors is bound to the control unit via the network. The logical dimming load, represented by one or more physical dimming electrical loads, is connected to the control unit. Note that the control unit may be adapted to control any number of logical or physical dimming loads. In addition, a feedback signal is bound from the control unit to each of theunits150. It is also the intent of the invention to allow for the dimming element and software to be incorporated within thesensor device110 as well. That is, the control unit described above was described as a separate device for illustration purposes only, i.e., as an illustration of how the loads can be dimmed, and does not necessarily have to be constructed as a separate device.

On each of theunits150, the brightness level is adjusted by pressing a switch28 (FIG. 1),122,124 (FIG. 9),123,125 (FIG. 10). Pressing on the switch increases the brightness level by an incremental amount, e.g., ½ or 1 full unit of resolution if the feedback equals zero. When the switch is pressed, a command is sent from the unit to the control unit that it is bound to. To dim the light, the switch is pressed again which causes a command to be sent to the control unit instructing it to dim the load bound to it.

Note that on single switch units, the single switch performs either on/off control or brighten/dim control. On two-switch units, on/off and brighten/dim control are provided for each load. Unit110 (FIG. 10) alternatively uses two switches (an up and a down) to control single dimming load.

If the light was previously off, i.e., feedback equals zero, then quickly tapping the switch will turn the lights on in accordance with the Lighting Priority Order described above. Once on, a quick tap on the switch will turn the lights off. Once on, if the switch is pressed and held, the brightness level increases until the maximum brightness level is reached at which point no further action occurs. As the light level ramps up, the user ceases holding the switch and the light level reached at that point is used. Maximum brightness can be achieved faster by quickly tapping twice on the switch. Similarly, pressing and holding the switch causes the light level to dim until the user cases holding the switch. Continuously holding the switch causes the light to dim to the completely off level.

If more than oneunit150 sensor is bound to the same dimming load in the control unit, then feedback is used to communicate information from the control unit to each of the units bound to it. Feedback is utilized to inform the other units that are also controlling the dimming load as to the state of the dimming load. Thus, all the units are synchronized and via feedback from the control unit are able to effectively track the actions of each other. The control unit preferably sends the feedback information after each command is received. For example, feedback may be sent to all thebound unit 200 ms after the last command related to the light level is received.

The dimmingtask326 also functions to control a dimming load that is connected to the device itself utilizing the dimmingcircuitry510,530 (FIGS. 25 and 26). The above description of the dimming functions apply with the difference that commands are not sent over the network but the local dimming circuits are actuated directly.

The dimmingtask326 also comprises a ballast dimming capability which functions similarly to the dimming function described above but is adapted to control fluorescent lights. The ballast dimming circuit510 (FIG. 25) outputs a 0 to 10 V signal that is input to an electronic ballast. In response to the level of the signal, the light level of the fluorescent lamp is set accordingly. The relay and 0 to 10 V dinuning ballast functions can be used together to provide approximately 0 to 99.9% dimming and then a positive off by opening the relay. The light bar underneath the user interface rocker switch or touch sensitive screen or plate is illuminated to the appropriate level indicating the relative lighting level in the room.

Power On/Off/Auto Task

The power on/offtask328 functions to control the on and off control of a relay in the control unit that is bound to the unit. The task functions similarly to the dimming task, with the difference being that the load is turned off and on rather than dimmed and brightened. Similar to the case of dimming, the on/off control of a load also may include binding a feedback variable to all the dimmer/switch units bound to a particular load connected to the control unit.

Each relay in the control unit has an associated relay driver circuit and a relay load. Using network variables within the context of a LonWorks based network, the task may respond, i.e., be bound, to various network variables and/or other input. For example, the task may be suitably programmed to respond to settings of the ON/AUTO/OFF mode switch160 (FIG. 14) on the unit. If the mode is set to on, then the relay is turned on regardless of the setting of a bound occupancy sensor device or other sensor device. Thus, if a user turns the switch to the ON position, the task functions to transmit a command to the control unit to turn the relay on (provided that the control unit is not in the inhibited sate). The relay would stay on, regardless of the state of other bound sensor devices such as occupancy sensor devices. The task also responds to the on/off commands from the switch28 (FIG. 1);122,124 (FIG. 9), turning the relay on and off accordingly. When in the AUTO state, the relay load is controlled by switch closures on theunit150 via variables bound to it over the network.

California Title 24

TheCalifornia Title 24task329 functions to modify the operation of the power on/off and dimming tasks. This task prevents the relay or dimming load from turning on when there is sufficient light. Thus, the occupancy sensor or switch input sensor bound to the relay or dimming load attached to the control unit will not be able to turn the respective load on. In addition, if a sensor has already turned the load on, a switch input can only turn them off but not back on.

In connection with the dimming task described above, if there is sufficient light in the room, the lights will not turn on or brighten to a ‘turn on’ or brighten command from a unit bound to the light.

In connection with theoccupancy task320, the lights will not turn on if there is sufficient light in the room. In theCalifornia Title 24 mode, the lights may only be turned on via the occupancy sensor circuitry detecting motion. A user may, however, dim the lights and turn them off via a switch. A user may brighten the lights but they will immediately dim in accordance with the light harvesting setting, if light harvesting is active. If light harvesting is not active, attempting to brighten and/or turn the lights on via a switch will have no effect.

While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations, modifications and other applications of the invention may be made.