US20050030164A1

Movatterモバイル変換

Info

Publication number: US20050030164A1
Application number: US10/856,686
Authority: US
Inventors: Michael Blomquist
Original assignee: Deltec Inc
Current assignee: Smiths Medical ASD Inc
Priority date: 2002-02-28
Filing date: 2004-05-28
Publication date: 2005-02-10
Also published as: US6744350B2; US20060132292A1; US20030160683A1

Abstract

A pump for delivering insulin to a user. The pump comprises a pump mechanism and a meal-bolus program module. The meal-bolus program module is programmed to control the pump mechanism to deliver a meal bolus. An alarm program module is in data communication with the alarm, the timer, and the meal-bolus program module. The alarm module is programmed to generate an alarm signal when the meal-bolus program module does not control the pump mechanism to deliver a meal bolus within a predetermined period of time.

Description

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/087,460, filed Feb. 28, 2002, entitled “Insulin Pump Having Missed Meal Bolus Alarm.” The disclosure of that patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to insulin pumps, and more particularly, to insulin pumps having a missed meal bolus alarm.

BACKGROUND

A large portion of the world's population suffers from diabetes. Many of these people need to take injections of insulin to normalize the level of sugar in their bodies to prevent complications. Such complications can include kidney failure, loss of circulation, and blindness. The need to manually take injections with a syringe and the process of determining the dose for various shots can be a great inconvenience and can limit a diabetic's activities and restrict their movements. Furthermore, it can be difficult to maintain a consistent level of blood glucose because there is a practical limit to the number of injections that most patients can receive.

One solution to reduce some of the problems associated with the manual injection of insulin is an ambulatory pump that delivers insulin to the diabetic user. Such insulin pumps can provide a more consistently normal level of blood glucose, which reduces the risk of complications from diabetes. However, current pumps still have practical limits to their programming that make them cumbersome to program and that limits the potential of the pump to provide even greater control over blood glucose levels.

SUMMARY

One aspect of the present invention is a method of operating an insulin pump. The insulin pump is configured to selectively deliver a meal bolus. The method comprises entering into the pump a start time for an interval; entering into the pump an end time for the interval; and generating an alarm signal if a meal bolus is not delivered during the interval.

Another aspect of the present invention is a pump for delivering insulin to a user. The pump comprises a pump mechanism and a meal-bolus program module. The meal-bolus program module is programmed to control the pump mechanism to deliver a meal bolus. An alarm program module is in data communication with the alarm, the timer, and the meal-bolus program module. The alarm module is programmed to generate an alarm signal when the meal-bolus program module does not control the pump mechanism to deliver a meal bolus within a predetermined period of time.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates the architecture of a pump that embodies the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the pump shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates a suspend operation executed by the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 illustrates setting time and date operating parameters in the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 illustrates setting alert styles in the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate lock and unlock operations executed by the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 8 illustrates setting time and date formats in the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 9 illustrates setting alerts and reminders in the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate setting operational parameters related to the pump history for the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 12-14 illustrate setting operational parameters for the basal rate delivery programs executed by the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 15-17 illustrate setting operational parameters for the temporary rate delivery programs executed by the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate setting the operational parameters for the correction bolus delivery programs executed by the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIGS. 20-27 illustrate setting the operational parameters for the meal bolus delivery programs executed by the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 28 illustrates the operations of setting and delivering an audio bolus on the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 29 illustrates the pump shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 communicating with a computer;

FIGS. 30A-30E illustrate a user interface on the computer illustrated inFIG. 15.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts and assemblies throughout the several views. Reference to various embodiments does not limit the scope of the invention, which is limited only by the scope of the claims attached hereto. Additionally, any examples set forth in this specification are not intended to be limiting and merely set forth some of the many possible embodiments for the claimed invention.

The logical operations of the various embodiments of the invention described herein are implemented as: (1) a sequence of computer implemented steps, operations, or procedures running on a programmable circuit within a computer, (2) a sequence of computer implemented steps, operations, or procedures running on a programmable circuit within a pump for delivering insulin; and/or (3) interconnected machine modules or program engines within the programmable circuits.

The various embodiments execute or utilize operating parameters, which customize or personalize operation of the computer implemented steps, machine modules, and programs to meet the requirements of individual pump users. The operating parameters can be numerical values, text strings, flags, argument names, or any other aspect of the insulin pump programming that the user can set to control operation of the pump.

Additionally, the pump generates and presents information and fields in user interfaces, which are also referred to as displays. The user interfaces can include fields, alpha/numeric character strings, times, and dates. The fields, also referred to as cells, prompt users to enter and/or select information. Because there is not an alpha/numeric keyboard on the pump, each of the field is associated with a spin box that includes values the user can enter into the field. The user spins or scrolls through values until the desired value is visible within the field. When the user selects the visible value it is entered into the field. The user selects a value with a Next function, Edit function, or Select function as identified herein. When the pump displays a field and the field has focus, it is said to prompt the user to select a value. Additionally, selecting a value in a field causes the pump to index focus to the next field as defined by the programmed operations or to display the next user interface as defined by the programmed operations. In an alternative embodiment, the pump has an alpha/numeric keyboard from which operating parameters can be typed directly into the pump.

The description set forth herein discusses pumping insulin. One skilled in the art will realize that many of the features, structures, and methods disclosed herein can be used with medical infusion pumps for delivering agents other than insulin. The term “user” generally applies to the person who is receiving insulin from the pump. In many contexts, however, the user could also refer to any other person such as a caregiver that is operating the pump.

A. Pump Architecture

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating one of many possible embodiments of an insulin pump, generally identified as100. Amicroprocessor102 is in electrical communication with and controls apump motor104, ascreen106, anaudible alarm108, and avibratory alarm110. Other embodiments can use a microcomputer, or any other type of programmable circuit, in place of the microprocessor.

Thepump motor104 drives adrive mechanism112 that pushes aplunger mechanism114. Theplunger mechanism114 ejects insulin from an insulin cartridge (not shown). The insulin cartridge contains a supply of insulin for delivery to a patient. These mechanical components are illustrated and discussed in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/086,646, entitled Cartridge and Pump With Axial Loading, the disclosure of which was hereby incorporated by reference above.

Thescreen106 can have many different configurations such as an LCD screen. As explained in more detail herein, thescreen106 displays a user interface that presents various items of information useful to a patient or caregiver. Theaudible alarm108 is a beeper, and an alarm provides actual alarms, warnings, and reminders. Similar to other portable electronic devices such as a cellular telephone, thevibratory alarm110 provides an alarm to either supplement the audio alarms or replace the audio alarm when an audible beep would be disruptive or not heard. A user can selectively enable or disable the audible108 and vibratory110 alarms. In one possible embodiment, however, both the audible108 and vibratory110 alarms cannot be disabled at the same time.

Themicroprocessor102 is in electrical communication with both a random access memory (RAM)116 and a read only memory (ROM)118, which are onboard thepump100 but external to themicroprocessor102 itself. In one possible embodiment, themicroprocessor102 includes internal memory as well. TheRAM116 is a static RAM stores that data that can change over time such as pump settings and a historical log of events experienced by theinsulin pump100. TheROM118 stores code for the operating system and the application programs. TheROM118 can be any type of programmable ROM such as an EPROM. In one possible embodiment, theRAM116 has 500 kilobytes of memory capacity and theROM118 has 2 megabytes of memory capacity.

An infrared (IR)port120 is in electrical communication with the microprocessor. As explained in more detail below, theIR port120 provides data communication with an external device such as a computer for programming an application program, programming pump settings, and downloading historical data logs. Theinsulin pump100 can include other types of communication ports in place of or in addition to theIR port120. Examples of other possible communication ports include a radio frequency (RF) port or a port that provides a hard-wired data communication link such as an RS-232 port, a USB port, or the like.

A real-time clock122 provides a clock signal to themicroprocessor102. An advantage of having a real-time clock122 is that it provides the program with the actual time in real-time so that the programs executed by the insulin pump can track and control the actual time of day that insulin delivery and other events occur. Various durations described here are used for alerts, alarms, reminders, and other functions. In one possible embodiment, the timers are formed by the real-time clock122 and software executed by themicroprocessor102.

Akeypad124 also provides input to themicroprocessor102. Although other possible types of keypads are possible, one type of keypad has four buttons and is a membrane-type of keypad, which provides resistance to water and other environmental conditions. Thekeypad124 contains soft keys for which the function of the keys can change as a user executes different menu selections and commands.

Other inputs into themicroprocessor102 include apressure sensor126, which is sensitive to the pressure within a reservoir of insulin; acartridge sensor128, which is sensitive to the presence of an insulin cartridge; and amotion detector130, which detects motion of a gear (not shown) in thedrive mechanism112. Thepressure sensor126,cartridge sensor128, andmotion detector130 are described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/086,646, which is entitled Cartridge and Pump With Axial Loading, the disclosure of which was incorporated by reference above.

Referring toFIG. 2, thepump100 is packaged in ahousing132. Thekeypad124 is positioned on a first portion of thehousing132, and thescreen106 is positioned on a second portion of thehousing132. Additionally, thescreen106 has two portions, adisplay portion134 and atemplate portion136. A user interface is presented in thedisplay portion134 of thescreen106.

Thetemplate portion136 provides a template that indicates the function assigned to each of the keys on the keypad. In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, thekeypad124 has afirst function key138 and asecond function key140, and an upkey142 and adown key144. The up and down

keys

142 and144 are for scrolling or spinning through operating parameters that are presented in a spin box associated with a field or between pages present within a user interface such as the home pages as described below. Additionally, afirst portion146 in the template identifies the function assigned to thefirst function key138, and asecond portion148 identifies the function assigned to thesecond function key140. Acenter portion150 of the template presents an up arrow corresponding to the scroll direction of the upkey142, and a down arrow corresponding to the scroll direction of thedown key144.

B. Home Page

In one possible embodiment, theinsulin pump100 is controlled by a menu-driven application program that is stored in theROM118 and executed by theprocessor102. The application program also is parameter-driven in that the outcome or steps executed by the various application programs depend on the operating parameters set by the user. Examples of outcomes and steps that depend on the operating parameters include delivery rates, delivery schedules, delivery amounts, the generation and presentation of menus, and the like.

The application program presents ahome page152 in thedisplay portion134 of thescreen106. Thehome page152 includes afirst icon154 that illustrates the amount of insulin remaining in the insulin cartridge. Thisfirst icon154 has the shape of a syringe and abar156 arranged relative to the syringe shape to illustrate the amount of remaining insulin. The amount of remaining insulin also is quantified and listed below thefirst icon154. Asecond icon158 has the shape of a battery and has abar160 arranged relative to the battery-shape to illustrate the amount of remaining battery life. The percentage of remaining life on the battery is positioned below thesecond icon158.

In one possible embodiment, thehome page152 presents thecurrent status162 of the insulin pump's100 operation. In the example set forth in the illustration, theinsulin pump100 is delivering insulin at a rate of 1.15 units per hour according to a first basal schedule. Thehome page152 also presents thename166 of the active delivery program it is executing andpersonal information168 as programmed by the user. In the illustrated example, the personal information it displays is a banner “Mary's Pump,” which identifies the owner of theinsulin pump100. Other examples of information that might be included in the personal field includes medical information about the pump user similar to that information included on a medical alert bracelet such as allergies and the fact that the patient is diabetic, more detailed information about the patient including the patient's full name, telephone number, and address, detailed information about the user's caregiver such as the name and telephone number of the user's physician, and a warning that thepump100 is an insulin pump and should not be removed from the user.

Furthermore, thepump100 can be configured to present more than one home page. In this embodiment, the user scrolls through the home pages using the up and down

keys

142 and144. For example, other home pages might include the date, time, and amount of the last bolus delivered by the insulin pump; contact information about the patient's caregiver; medical information about the patient such as a list of the user's allergies, a warning that the user is a diabetic, and a warning that the pump is an insulin pump and should not be removed.

Thepump100 displays anicon170 in thehome page152 to identify the displayed page as the home page. Additionally, theicon170 can include a page number to indicate which home page is currently being displayed. One possible shape for the home page icon is an icon having the shape of a house.

C. Suspending Delivery

Referring toFIG. 3, when thepump100 is displaying the home page it assigns a suspendfunction172 to thefirst function key138 and amenu function174 to thesecond function key140. Accordingly, pressing thefirst function key138 initiates a suspend pumping operation. If thepump100 has an active delivery program in addition to the standard basal delivery program, thepump100 displays a list of options that prompts173 the user to select whether to suspend all active delivery programs or just one of the active delivery programs other than the standard delivery program. In one embodiment of thepump100, there are three possible ways to deliver additional amounts of insulin over an extended period—an extended bolus, a combination bolus, and a temporary rate, all of which are described in more detail herein.

In the example set forth inFIG. 3, thepump100 has an active temporary rate delivery program so thepump100 prompts the user to select whether to suspend all active delivery programs or just the temporary rate delivery program by scrolling to the desired delivery program to suspend. The user then activates aSelect function194, which is assigned to thesecond function key140.

After the user activates theSelect function194, theinsulin pump100

prompts

176 the user to confirm suspension of the selected delivery, whether it is all delivery, the extended bolus, the combination bolus, or the temporary rate. The user can confirm the suspend operation by activating the yes function178 by pressing thesecond function key140 or cancel the suspend operation by activating the nofunction180 by pressing thefirst function key138. If there is no insulin being delivered in addition to the standard basal rate, the insulin pump will automatically skip from thehome page152 to the prompt176 asking the user to confirm suspension of the delivery.

When the user activates the yes function178, thepump100 displays awarning182 that theinsulin pump100 is stopping delivery. The user then activates an o.k. function184 and thepump100 stops delivery, returns to thehome page152 and displays abanner186 stating thepump100 is stopped. On thehome page152, thepump100 assigns aResume function188 in place of the suspendfunction172. In one possible alternative embodiment, theinsulin pump100 merely displays the warning that thepump100 is stopping delivery for a predetermined period of time (e.g., 5 seconds) and then stops thepump100 and returns to thehome page152.

To resume pumping, the user activates the Resume function. Theinsulin pump100 then prompts189 the user to either confirm or cancel the resume function by activating either ayes function178 or a nofunction180.

Alternatively, at the list that prompts173 the user to select whether to suspend all active delivery programs or just one of the active delivery programs other than the standard delivery program, the user can return to the previous display (i.e., the home page152) by activating aBack function170, which is assigned to thefirst function key138. Activating the Back function, whenever it is assigned to thefirst function key138, always returns thepump100 back to the previous display.

D. Main Menu and Time/Date

Referring toFIG. 4, the user accesses amain menu190 by activating amenu function192 assigned to thesecond function key140. Theinsulin pump100 then displays themain menu190, which includes a plurality of menu items that the user can select for setting operation parameters and performing various tasks as described herein. In one possible embodiment, the menu items in the main menu are Basal Programs, New Cartridge, History, and Pump Settings. In other possible embodiments, themain menu190 can be customized to include other menu items such as Correction Bolus, Temporary Rate, Meal Bolus, and others. Furthermore, the user can customize at least some of the labels for various menu items in both themain menu190 and submenus.

The New Cartridge menu item is selected to access the cartridge or syringe of insulin loaded in thepump100. In one possible embodiment, selecting the New Cartridge menu item automatically sequences the user through the steps of loading the new cartridge, priming the tubing for the infusion set, priming the cannula, and setting the display site reminder, if the display site reminder is enabled. The display site reminder is discussed below in more detail. In yet another embodiment the user must affirmatively acknowledge each of these steps by pressing a predetermined key, either the first or

second function keys

138 or140 on thekeypad124, at the conclusion of each step, which causes the pump to index to the next step. After sequencing through each of these steps, thepump100 prompts the user to enter an instruction whether to resume delivery of insulin.

Accessing the cartridge is discussed in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/086,646, entitled Cartridge and Pump With Axial Loading, the disclosure of which was incorporated by reference above.

The user selects the desired menu item by using the up and down

keys

142 and144 until the desired menu item is highlighted or otherwise marked. The user then activates the highlighted menu item by activating aselect function194 assigned to thesecond function key140.

By selecting the Pump Settings menu item, the pump brings up a Pump Settings submenu196 of several submenu items, including Time and Date, Beep/Vibrate, Program Lock, and Personalize. The Time and Date menu option is selected to set the time and date of the clock. This time and date is set in real time. When the Time and Date menu option is selected, the screen displays the time and date, and focus is placed on thehour field198. The user scrolls through values for the hour until the desired value is set. The user then activates anext function200 assigned to thesecond function key140 to index through the remaining fields for the time and date (e.g., theminute field202, the am/pm field204, themonth field206, theday field208, and the year field210) and set the desired values for each of these fields. The user exits the Time and Date function at any time by activating theDone function212 assigned to thefirst function key138. Activating theDone function212 saves the current time and date settings and returns the pump to thePump Settings submenu196.

E. Beep/Vibrate

Referring toFIG. 5, to configure an alarm function to generate either an audible or vibratory signal, the user selects the Beep/Vibrate menu option within thePump Settings submenu196. Thepump100 then indexes to the next user interface and places focus on a choose-alert field214. The user scrolls to the desired beep setting or Vibrate setting and selects that setting by activating theNext function200 to select the desired setting. If the Beep setting is selected, focus changes to a beep-volume field216 and the user scrolls to and selects the desired volume level. In one possible embodiment, the volume levels from which the user can select are low, medium, and high. Other embodiments use a numbered volume scale, labels such as indoor and outdoor, and the like. Upon selecting the desired volume level, the alert and volume settings are saved and thePump Setting submenu196 is displayed on thescreen106. If the user selects vibrate in the choose-alert field214, thepump100 will return directly to thePump Setting submenu196.

F. Lock

Referring toFIG. 6, to lock out thepump100 and prevent anyone from entering themain menu190, the user selects the Program Lock menu item in thePump Settings submenu196. Focus then indexes to a lockout user interface having a lock-outfield218, which is placed in focus. The user scrolls and selects to the desired yes or no value. If the user selects no, thepump100 continues operating and thepump100 is not locked out. If the user selects yes, thepump100 is locked and must be unlocked to access the main190 menu from thehome page152. In one possible embodiment, if there are multiple home pages, the user can still scroll through all of the home pages without unlocking themain menu190. In another possible embodiment, the user can still troubleshoot alarms without unlocking thepump100.

Referring toFIG. 7, to unlock thepump100 the user activates themenu function174 and thepump100 indexes to a user interface having a lockout-code field220, which is placed in focus. The user scrolls to and selects the lockout code. In one possible embodiment, the lockout code is a number and the user enters the lockout code by scrolling through possible codes. Upon selecting the proper lock-out code, themain menu190 is unlocked and the main menu is displayed.

In alternative embodiments, there are separate fields for each digit in the lockout code. In this embodiment, the user indexes through the digits using theNext function200 until the last digit is set at which time thepump100 either unlocks the main menu or admonishes the user that the wrong code was entered.

Yet another embodiment of thepump100 has lock levels in which the different codes can be entered into thepump100, each code permitting access to a different set of commands and functions. Lock levels are described in more detail in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,935,099, which is entitled DRUG PUMP SYSTEMS AND METHODS and issued on Aug. 10, 1999, the complete disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

G. Customizing Time and Date Formats

Referring toFIG. 8, to customize the time and date formats, the user selects a Personalize menu item in thePump Settings submenu196. Thepump100 then indexes to aPersonalize submenu222 in which the user selects a Localization menu item. The pump then indexes to a time-format field224, which is placed in focus. The user scrolls to and selects the desired time format (e.g., 12-hour or 24-hour). Thepump100 then indexes focus to a date-format field226. The user scrolls to and selects the desired date format (e.g., mm/dd/yy or dd/mm/yy). Thepump100 then indexes focus to a numeric-format field228. The user scrolls to and selects the desired numeric format (e.g., xx.xx or xx,xx). Thepump100 then returns to thePersonalize submenu222. In an alternative embodiment, the user can also set a flag that causes the pump to automatically change time at the beginning and end of daylight savings time.

H. Customizing and Setting Alerts and Reminders

Referring toFIG. 9, to customize and set various alerts and reminders the user selects the Alerts item from thePersonalize submenu222. When the user selects the Alert menu item, thepump100 indexes to a low-cartridge-alert field230, which is placed into focus. The user scrolls to and selects the desired volume (i.e., remaining volume within the cartridge) at which thepump100 will generate a low cartridge alert. In one possible embodiment, the user can select whether to set the threshold for the low volume alert in the range from 5 units to 50 units. Upon selecting the desired volume, focus indexes to a delivery-limit field232. The user scrolls to and selects the desired delivery limit at which an alarm is generated when there is an attempt to deliver more insulin than is allowed in a one-hour period of time. In one possible embodiment, the user can select whether to set the threshold for the delivery limit alarm in the range from 2 units to 100 units.

Theinsulin pump100 then indexes focus to a glucose-reminder field234, which is an alert that reminds the pump user to check their blood glucose level, based on a triggering event such as when the user last loaded a new insulin cartridge into thepump100 or administered a meal bolus. The user scrolls to the desired yes and no values or settings. The yes value enables the glucose reminder and the no value disables the glucose reminder.

Thepump100 then indexes focus to aduration field236 in which the user sets the duration between the triggering event and when the glucose reminder signals an alert. The user scrolls to and selects the desired duration. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls through values in the range from 1 hour to 5 hours in a predetermined increment, such as 15 minute, half hour, or one hour increments. Thepump100 then indexes focus to an automatic-off field238. If the user selects no in the glucose-reminder field234, thepump100 will skip over theduration field236 and index focus directly to the automatic-off field238.

In this embodiment occurrence of the triggering event will begin a timer running, which will time out and generate an alarm when the duration lapses. When the alert is signaled, the pump displays a message reminding the user to check their blood glucose levels. The user activates a predetermined key, either the first or

second function key

138 or140 on thekeypad124, to clear the alert and the message.

Within the automatic-off field238, the user sets an automatic-off alarm that is generated when no keys or buttons on the insulin pump or a remote control unit associated with thepump100 are pressed within a predetermined period of time. Thepump100 also suspends delivery when the automatic off alarm is generated and generates an alarm display. In one possible embodiment, when the automatic off alarm is generated, the user must acknowledge the alarm while the alarm display is presented and then must reinitialize thepump100 to resume delivery. Another embodiment, the alarm display includes a message stating that the pump is an insulin pump.

When the automatic-off field238 is in focus, the user scrolls to and selects the desired yes or no value. If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 enables the automatic-off alarm, and thepump100 indexes focus to aduration field240 in which the user scrolls to the desired duration corresponding to the delay before the automatic-off alarm is sounded and delivery is suspended. After the delay is set, thepump100 indexes focus to a display-site-reminder field242. If the user selects the no value in the automatic-off field238, thepump100 disables the automatic-off alarm, and indexes focus to the display-site-reminder field242 and skips theduration field240.

The display-site reminder is an alert that reminds the user to change their infusion set and access site (i.e., where on their body the insulin is injected). Within the display-site-reminder field242, the user scrolls to and selects the desired yes and no values. If the user selects the yes function thepump100 enables the display-site reminder, and if the user selects the no value, the user will disable the display-site reminder. In one possible embodiment, the display-site reminder will generate an alarm at a predetermined interval after the last time that the user changed their infusion set and access site. Upon selecting the yes or no value, focus indexes to a review/edit-meal-bolus-alarm field246.

If the user enables the display site reminder, thepump100 prompts the user to enter the interval (i.e., the number of days) after which to generate a reminder or alarm and the time of day at which to generate the reminder. For example, setting an interval of 2 days and a time of 4:00 pm, would cause thepump100 to generate a display-site reminder at 4:00 pm on the second day after the interval starts to run. When thepump100 generates the display-site reminder to change the user's infusion set and access site, it generates an audio and/or vibratory alarm and displays a banner or other visual reminder that the user acknowledges by pressing a designated

function key

138 or140 on thekey pad124. Thepump100 includes a display-site reminder menu item that the user selects to reset the display site reminder and to adjust the interval and time of day if so desired. The user would access this menu item and reset the display-site reminder when changing his or her infusion set and access site.

In one possible embodiment, the pump automatically takes the user through the process of setting the interval and time of day for the display site reminder when going through the sequence of loading the new cartridge or syringe into thepump100 and priming the infusion set.

A meal bolus alarm is an alarm that reminds the user to deliver a meal bolus during a predetermined time interval. For example, if the user eats breakfast every day between 7:00 am and 8:00 am every day, the user may set a missed-meal-bolus alarm for an interval between 6:15 am and 8 am. In this example, an alarm sounds if a meal bolus is not delivered within this interval. In one possible embodiment, the user can set up to four separate missed-meal-bolus alarms.

Within the review/edit-meal-bolus-alarm field246, the user scrolls to and selects the desired yes or no value. If the user selects the no value, thepump100 returns to thePersonalize submenu222. If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 presents auser interface248 entitled “Meal Bolus Alarm,” which lists thenames250 of the available alarms (Alarms 1-4 in the illustrated embodiment) and acheck box252 next to the name of each alarm. If a missed-meal-bolus alarm is enabled, thecheck box252 is set. If a missed-meal-bolus alarm is not enabled, thecheck box252 is cleared.

To set an alarm, the user scrolls to thename250 of the desired alarm and activates anedit function254, which is assigned to thesecond function key140. Thepump100 then displays auser interface256 entitled “Meal Bolus Alarm: Alarm X”, where X identifies the alarm to which the screen relates. In the illustrated embodiment, thedisplay256 relates toAlarm 1. There is one Meal Bolus Alarm:Alarm X display256 associated with each of thealarms250. Within the Meal Bolus Alarm:Alarm X display256, there are three fields, a give-alert field258, an interval-start field260, and an interval-end field262.

The give-alert field258 is the first field placed in focus. The user scrolls to and selects the desired yes or no value. The yes value enables the meal bolus alarm, and the no value disables the meal bolus alarm. If the user selects the no value, thepump100 returns to the “Meal Bolus Alarm”user interface248. If the user selects the yes value, the pump indexes focus to the interval-start field260. The user then scrolls to and selects the desired start time for the interval. Thepump100 then indexes focus to the interval-end field262. The user scrolls to and selects the desired end time for the interval. In one possible embodiment, the time values through which the use scrolls are set at 15 minute increments, although other embodiments will have other time increments.

Thepump100 then saves interval start and stop times for that meal bolus alarm and returns to the MealBolus Alarm display248. The user can then select another meal bolus alarm to enable and set or to disable using the procedures discussed above. Alternatively, the user can activate theDone function212 and thepump100 will save the settings for all of the meal bolus alarms and return to thePersonalize submenu222.

I. Pump History

Referring toFIG. 10, one possible embodiment of the insulin pump100 tracks historical information related to thepump100 such as delivery information and other events related to thepump100. Historical information can be viewed on thescreen106 of thepump100 or uploaded to a computer as discussed in more detail herein. Thepump100 can be customized to view historical delivery and event information in individual history screens or under the History item of themain menu190. Additionally, thepump100 can display delivery information either as individual events or as averages. These alternatives are only some of the possible embodiments.

Thepump100 can be programmed to track many different types of historical information, to present the historical information in many different ways, and to provide different ways to access historical information. In one possible embodiment, the historical information that thepump100 tracks includes:

- (1) The aggregate insulin delivered by thepump100 as well as the amount of insulin broken down by insulin delivered as a meal bolus, insulin delivered to counteract estimated carbohydrates consumed by the user (if the carbohydrate estimator is used), delivered as a correction bolus, and delivered according to basal delivery protocols. In various embodiments, thepump100 will record delivery according to basal delivery protocols as a total for all basal delivery protocols, or if thepump100 is programmed with multiple delivery basal protocols, the delivered insulin can be broken down by each basal protocol used by thepump100. In one possible embodiment, this data is stored as a daily total and an average daily total for a predetermined number of days. Additionally, in various embodiments, the average data can be recorded as actual average values or the average data can be calculated from the daily totals when requested for display or upon other requests.
- (2) The amount of insulin delivered by thepump100 according to a basal protocol as a percent of the total insulin delivered by thepump100. In one possible embodiment, this data is stored as a daily percentage and an average daily percentage for a predetermined number of days. Additionally, in various embodiments, the average data can be recorded as actual average values or the average data can be calculated from the daily totals when requested for display or upon other requests.
- (3) The date, time, and amount of each bolus delivered.
- (4) The 500-Rule factor, which is used to estimate the grams of carbohydrates that are covered by each unit of insulin. To determine the grams of carbohydrates that are covered by each unit of insulin, the 500-Rule factor is divided by the total daily dose of insulin required to maintain the user blood sugar level in an acceptable range. The typical 500-Rule factor is 500, and hence the ratio is called the 500 Rule. However, the factor may vary for different types of insulin and from user to user and the value for the 500-Rule factor is calculated and stored. In one possible embodiment, the 500-Rule factor is stored as a daily value depending on the total delivery dose and an average value for a predetermined number of days. In an alternative embodiment, the 500-Rule factor is not stored but is calculated as the 500-Rule factor is required for a display, calculation, or other function.
- (5) The 1800-Rule factor, which is used to estimate the number of units of insulin is required for each mg/dL (or mmol/L) drop in blood glucose. To determine the drop in blood glucose for each unit if insulin delivered to the user, the 1800-Rule factor is divided by the total daily dose of insulin required to maintain the user blood sugar level in an acceptable range. The typical 1800-Rule factor is 1800, and hence the ratio is called the 1800 Rule. However, the factor may vary for different types of insulin and from user to user and the value for the 1800-Rule factor is calculated and stored. In one possible embodiment, the 1800-Rule factor is stored as a daily value depending on the total delivery dose and an average value for a predetermined number of days. In an alternative embodiment, the 1800-Rule factor is not stored but is calculated as the 1800-Rule factor is required for a display, calculation, or other function.
- (6) The complete history, which in one possible embodiment is the last 2000 events that are experienced by the pump, including all daily delivery totals, all alerts, all errors, all battery changes, all insulin cartridge changes, all changes to the pump program, and the like. Each record of an event includes the date and time that the event occurred. In other embodiments, a predetermined number of events other than 2000 are recorded. In yet another possible embodiment, thepump100 records the events for a predetermined number of days rather than an absolute quantity, although there might be a limit to the total number of events that are recorded depending on available memory and other factors.

In one possible embodiment, as used herein total daily dose, also referred to as Total Daily Dose or TDD, refers to the total amount of insulin delivered during a single day excluding the amount of insulin delivered as a correction bolus. Other embodiments might includes the amount of insulin delivered as a correction bolus in the total daily dose of insulin.

To customize how the historical information is displayed on thepump100, the user selects the History menu item from thePersonalize submenu222. Thepump100 indexes to a delivery-summary field264, which is placed in focus. The user scrolls to and selects the desired yes or no value. The yes value enables the Delivery Summary menu item in the History submenu290 (FIG. 11), and the no value disables the Delivery Summary menu item in theHistory submenu290. Disabled menu items are not displayed as part of the menu. In one possible embodiment, the delivery summary displayed under this menu item includes the total daily dose of insulin delivered by thepump100 as well as the amount of insulin broken down by insulin delivered as a meal bolus, insulin delivered to counteract estimated carbohydrates consumed by the user (if the carbohydrate estimator is used), delivered as a correction bolus, and delivered according to basal delivery protocols. In an alternative embodiment, the delivery summary includes the total or aggregate amount of insulin, including insulin delivered as a correction bolus.

Upon selecting the yes or no value in the delivery-summary field264, focus indexes to an average-delivery-summary field266, in which the user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. The yes value enables the Average Delivery Summary menu item in theHistory submenu290, and the no value disables the Average Delivery Summary menu item in theHistory submenu290. In one possible embodiment, the Average Delivery Summary displayed under this menu item includes the average daily total for a predetermined number of days for the aggregate insulin delivered by the pump as well as the amount of insulin broken down by insulin delivered as a meal bolus, insulin delivered to counteract estimated carbohydrates consumed by the user (if the carbohydrate estimator is used), delivered as a correction bolus, and delivered according to basal delivery protocols.

Upon selecting the yes or no value in the average-delivery-summary field266, focus indexes to a basal-as-percent-of-TDD field268. In one possible embodiment, basal as a percent of TDD is the amount of insulin delivered by thepump100 according to a basal protocol as a daily percent of the total insulin delivered by thepump100. The user selects whether to display the Basal as a Percent of TDD menu item in theHistory submenu290 using a procedure similar to that described for the Delivery Summary. Under this menu item, thepump100 lists the total daily amount of insulin delivered as a basal as a percent of the total daily dose of insulin delivered. In an alternative embodiment, thepump100 lists the total daily amount of insulin delivered as a bolus as a percent of the total daily dose of insulin delivered. In various embodiments, the bolus as a percent can be listed as the meal bolus as a percent of the total daily dose of insulin delivered, correction bolus as a percent of the total daily dose of insulin delivered, or total bolus as a percent of the total daily dose of insulin delivered. Thepump100 then indexes focus to an average-basal-as-percent-of-TDD field270. In one possible embodiment, average basal as a percent of total daily delivery (TDD) is the amount of insulin delivered by thepump100 according to a basal protocol as an average daily percent over a predetermined number of days of the total insulin delivered by thepump100. The user selects whether to display the Avg Basal as a Percent of TDD menu item in theHistory submenu290 using a procedure similar to that described for the Delivery Summary. Thepump100 lists the average basal as a percent of the total daily delivery under this menu item.

Thepump100 then indexes focus to a bolus-history field272. In one possible embodiment, the Bolus History is the date, time, and amount of each bolus delivered. The user selects whether to display a Bolus History menu item in theHistory submenu290 using a procedure similar to that described for the Delivery Summary. Thepump100 lists the pump's 100 Bolus History under the Bolus History menu item.

Thepump100 then indexes focus to an edit-display-of-more-history field274. The user scrolls to a yes value or a no value as desired and then activates the next function. If the user selects the no value, the pump returns to thePersonalize submenu222. If the user selects the yes value, the focus indexes to a carbohydrate-ratio field276 in which the user scrolls to a yes value or a no value as desired and activates the Next function. Selecting the yes value causes thepump100 to display aCalc 500 Rule menu item in thehistory submenu290 and to display the calculated carbohydrate ratio. The pump indexes focus to a 500-rule-factor field278 when the user selects yes in the 500-rule-factor field276. The user then scrolls to the desired 500-Rule factor to use in various calculations and activates the Next function. In one possible embodiment, the potential factors are in the range from 400 to 600 in increments of 15. Thepump100 then indexes focus from the 500-rule-factor field to an average-carb-ratio field280. Selecting the no value in the 500-Rule-factor field276 disables display of theCalc 500 Rule menu item in theHistory submenu290 and causes thepump100 to index directly from the 500-rule-factor field276 to the average-carb-ratio field280.

Within the average-carb-ratio field280, the user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 will enable anAvg Calc 500 Rule menu item in theHistory submenu290. Under theAvg Calc 500 Rule menu item, the pump displays the average carbohydrate ratio for a predetermined number of days. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 calculates the average carbohydrate ratio for a 7-day period. Upon selecting the yes or no value, the pump indexes focus to a correction-factor field282.

In other embodiments, the pump calculates the average carbohydrate ratio for periods other than 7 days. For example, the range could be in the range from 2 to 90 days. In another possible embodiment, thepump100 calculates the average carbohydrate ratio for however number of days it stores historical data. In yet another embodiment, the user can select a predetermined number of days over which to calculate and average the carbohydrate ratio.

If the user selects the yes value in the correction-factor field282, the focus indexes to an 1800-rule-factor field284. The user then scrolls to and selects the desired 1800-Rule factor to use in various calculations. In one possible embodiment, the potential 1800-Rule factors are in the range from 1500 to 2200 in increments of 100. The pump then indexes focus to an average-correction-factor field286. Selecting the no value in the correction-factor field282 disables display of the Calc 1800-Rule menu item in theHistory submenu290 and causes the pump to index directly from the correction-factor field282 to the average-correction-factor field286.

Within the average-correction-factor field286, the user scrolls to and selects a yes value or a no value. If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 will enable the Avg.Calc 1800 Rule menu item in theHistory submenu290. Under the Avg.Calc 1800 Rule menu item, thepump100 displays the average correction factor for a predetermined number of days. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 calculates the average correction factor for a 7-day period. Upon selecting the yes or no value, in the average-correction-factor field286, the pump indexes focus to a complete-history field288.

In other embodiments, the pump calculates the average correction factor for periods other than 7 days. For example, the range could be in the range from 2 to 90 days. In another possible embodiment, thepump100 calculates the average correction factor for however number of days it stores historical data. In yet another embodiment, the user can select a predetermined number of days over which to calculate and average the correction factor.

Within the complete-history field288, the user scrolls between either a yes value or a no value. The user selects yes to enable a Complete History menu item in theHistory submenu290 and selects the no value to disable the Complete History menu item. Upon selecting either the yes or no value, the pump returns to the Personalize submenu. Under the Complete History menu item, the pump displays the complete body of historical information stored inRAM116.

Referring now toFIG. 11, viewing historical information about thepump100 is accomplished through themain menu190. The user activates theMenu function174 to access themain menu190. Within theMain Menu190, the user selects and activates the History menu item. The pump then indexes to theHistory submenu290 that lists the historical information that is available to view on thepump100. As described above, the historical information that is available, depending on the setting made within the History item of thePersonalize submenu222 as described above, are Delivery Summary, Avg Delivery Summary, Basal as a Percent of TDD, Avg Basal as a percent of TDD,Calc 500 Rule,Avg Calc 500 Rule,Calc 1800 Rule, andAvg Calc 1800 rule.

If the user selects Delivery Summary, the pump indexes to aDelivery Summary292 that has adate field294 in which the current date is listed and a Total field in which the total number of insulin units delivered is listed, a Meal Bolus field in which the number of insulin units delivered as a meal bolus is listed, a Carbs field in which the total number of carbohydrates that the user entered as an estimate of carbohydrate consumption is listed, Corr. Bolus field in which the total number of insulin units delivered as a correction bolus are listed, and a Basal field in which the total number of insulin units delivered according to the basal protocols employed by the pump are listed.

The user can scroll through dates in thedate field294 and see this historical information for dates other than the current date. In one possible embodiment, the user can scroll through the seven different dates, including the current date and the six previous dates. When the user scrolls to a different date, the pump automatically updates the historical delivery information relating to delivery that occurred on the date now listed in the date field. In an alternative embodiment, the user can scroll through the previous 90 days of data. In yet another possible embodiment, the user can scroll through however many days of data are stored on thepump100.

If the user selects the Avg Delivery Summary menu item in theHistory submenu290, thepump100 indexes to adisplay296 entitled “7 Day Average,”293 and displays the same fields (Total field, Meal Bolus field, Carbs field, Corr. Bolus field, Basal field) as theDelivery Summary display292. However, rather than daily totals, the fields present that average number of insulin units delivered over a predetermined number of days. Additionally, in place of thedate field294, the screen for the Avg Delivery Summary presents an avg-overfield298, which contains the number of days for which the historical data is being averaged. The user can change the number of days by scrolling up or down using the up or down keys, respectively. In one possible embodiment, the number of days that can be averaged are in the range from 2-30. In another possible embodiment, the number of days that can be averaged are in the range from 2-90 days. In yet another possible embodiment, the number of days that can be averaged are in the range from 2 days to however many days of historical data are stored on thepump100. After scrolling to a new number of days to average, the user activates anUpdate Function300 and thepump100 recalculates the averages.

If the user changes the number of days over which the average data is calculated, the title “7 Day Average”293 changes to “X Day Average,” where X is the selected number of days over which the data is averaged.

If the use selects the Basal as % of TDD item menu from theHistory submenu290, thepump100 will display a “Basal as % of TDD” display (not shown) and present the percent of total insulin delivered by the pump according to the basal delivery protocols on any given day. The Basal as % of TDD display will present a date field in which the user can change the day for which the historical information is presented in a manner similar to theDelivery Summary display292 as described above.

If the use selects the Avg Basal as % of TDD item menu from theHistory submenu290, thepump100 will display an “Avg Basal as % of TDD” display (not shown) and present the average percent of total insulin delivered by thepump100 according to the basal delivery protocols for a predefined number of days. The Basal as % of TDD screen will display an avg-overfield298 in which the user can change the number of days for which the historical information averaged in a manner similar to the 7Day Summary display296 as described above.

If the user selectsCalc 500 Rule, the pump will index to a “Carb Ratio-500 Rule” display and present a table of information. In each row of the table, the pump will list a date and the calculated carbohydrate ratio for that date. The carbohydrate ratio is calculated by dividing the 500-Rule factor by the total number of insulin units delivered for that day. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 will calculate and list the carbohydrate ratio for 30 days and the user can scroll through those values using the up and down keys. However, other embodiments will calculate and list the carbohydrate ratio for any other number of days.

If the user selectsAvg Calc 500 Rule, thepump100 indexes to an “Avg Carb Ratio-500 Rule” display. Thepump100 calculates and presents the average carbohydrate ratio for a predetermined number of days. The “Avg Carb Ratio-500 Rule” display includes an avg-overfield298 in which the user can change the number of days for which the average carbohydrate ratio is averaged in a manner similar to the “Avg Delivery Summary” display as described above.

If the user selectsCalc 1800 Rule, thepump100 will index to a “Correction Factor-1800 Rule” display and present a table of information. In each row of the table, thepump100 will list a date and the calculated correction factor for that date. The correction factor is calculated by dividing the 1800-Rule factor by the total daily dose of insulin required to maintain the user blood sugar level in an acceptable range. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 will calculate and list the correction factor for 30 days and the user can scroll through those values using the up and down

keys

142 and144. However, other embodiments will calculate and list the correction factor for other numbers of days.

If the user selectsAvg Calc 1800 Rule, thepump100 indexes to an “Avg Correction Factor-1800 Rule” display. Thepump100 calculates and presents the average correction factor for a predetermined number of days. The Avg Correction Factor-1800 Rule screen includes an avg-overfield298 in which the user can change the number of days for which the average correction factor is averaged in a manner similar to the “Avg Delivery Summary” display as described above.

J. Basal Rates

Referring toFIG. 12, theinsulin pump100 can deliver insulin either according to a basal rate or as a bolus. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 can deliver insulin according to four different basal delivery programs. To customize the basal delivery programs, the user accesses thePersonalize Delivery submenu222.

Selecting the Delivery menu item in thePersonalize submenu222 causes the pump to index to aPersonalize Delivery submenu302 in which the user can select the type of bolus or basal delivery protocol to edit. Selecting the Basal Program menu item causes thepump100 to index a maximum-basal-rate field304, which is placed in focus. Within the maximum-basal-rate field304, the user scrolls to and selects the desired maximum basal rate. In one possible embodiment, the maximum basal rate values are in the units of u/hr and the user can scroll through values in the range from 0.5 u/hr to 36 u/hr in increments of 0.5 u/hr. When the desired maximum basal rate is selected, focus indexes to a review/edit-basal-programs field306 in which the user selects either a yes or a no value. If the user selects the no value, theinsulin pump100 returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302.

If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 indexes to adisplay308 entitled “Select Program” and lists thename310 for each of the basal programs,Basal 1,Basal 2,Basal 3, andBasal 4. Acheck box312 is also displayed next to eachname310 for the basal delivery programs. If a Basal program is enabled, thecheck box312 next to its name is set. If a Basal program is not enabled, thecheck box312 next to its name is cleared. Thename310 of each enabled basal-delivery program is displayed as a menu item in the Basal Programs submenu318 (FIG. 13) and the user can selectively activate the enabled programs.

To enable or disable a basal program, the user scrolls to the desired basal program and activates theEdit function254. Thepump100 indexes to adisplay313 entitled “My Program X,” where X is the number of the basal program being edited. In the illustrated example, the title of the display is MyProgram 1 becauseBasal program 1 is being edited. The display has two fields, an enablefield314 and aname field316. Within the enablefield314, the user selects either a yes value or a no value. If the user selects the no value, thepump100 disables the basal program associated with the screen313 (Basal Program 1 in the illustrated example) and returns to theSelect Program display308. Thecheck box312 for the disabled program is cleared. In one possible embodiment, if thepump100 is actually executing the basal program that the user attempts to disable, thepump100 will not disable the program and will present an error message stating, “You may not disable the active program.”

If the user selects the yes value in the enablefield314, thepump100 indexes focus to thename field316. Within thename field316, the user can assign a custom name to the basal delivery program. In one possible embodiment, the user can scroll through names that are preloaded into thepump100. Examples of names might include Weekday, Weekend, Sick Day, Travel, Monthly, and the generic name Basal X, where X is the number of the basal program being edited. When the user has scrolled to the desired name, the user activates the Next function and thepump100 returns to theSelect Program display308. Thecheck box312 for the program that was just edited is set to indicate that the basal program is enabled. Additionally, the name selected in thename field316 is displayed in theSelect Program display308 in place of the previously assigned name. The name selected in thename field316 is also displayed as a menu item in theBasal Programs submenu318.

The user repeats this procedure from theSelect Program display308 for eachbasal program310 for which he or she desires to change the enabled state and/or name. When the user is done changing the enabled states and program names for the variousbasal programs310, the user activates theDone function212. Thepump100 then returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. As described below, the names of the enabled basal delivery programs will then appear theBasal Programs submenu318.

In an alternative embodiment, within the display entitled “My Program X,” the user can access a spin box in which they scroll through a list of optional names and select a custom name for the enabled basal delivery programs. The selected name would then replace the generic name (e.g.,Basal 1,Basal 2,Basal 3, andBasal 4 in the illustrated example) for the program associated with the display. Examples of optional names that might be loaded in thepump100 include weekday, weekend, sick, and monthly (which is to designate a basal delivery program set for a woman's menstrual cycle).

Referring now toFIG. 13, the user can edit the operating parameters for the delivery protocols assigned to each of the enabled basal programs. From the main menu, the user selects the Basal Programs menu item. The pump then indexes to aBasal Programs submenu318 that lists thosebasal programs317 that have been enabled as menu items. Each Basal Delivery program listed in thesubmenu318 is identified by the name assigned to that particular program (e.g., Basal X, Weekend, Weekday, Sick Day, Travel, Monthly). In the illustrated example, all four basal programs are enabled and identified by the generic name Basal X. Additionally, there isbutton320 next to each of the menu items (names for the enabled basal programs). Thebuttons320 associated with the active basal program are set, and the buttons for the other basal delivery programs are cleared.

To edit a basal program, the user scrolls to and selects the desired basal program. Thepump100 indexes to asubmenu322 for which the title is the same name as the selected basal program. The menu has two menu items, an Edit menu item and a Start Using menu item. The user selects the edit menu item and thepump100 indexes to aSummary user interface324 that presents a table in which each row identifies a start time326 and a scheduleddelivery rate328 for each time interval in the basal program. In the illustrated embodiment, there is afirst time interval330 having a start time and a delivery rate, asecond time interval332 having a start time and a delivery rate, and a third time interval having 334 a start time and a delivery rate. The start times are listed in a start-time field, and the delivery rates, are listed in a delivery-rate field.

To edit the start times and the delivery rates, the user activates theedit function254 in theSummary user interface324 and thepump100 indexes to anEdit user interface336 and assigns theDone function212 to thefirst function key138. Additionally, thepump100 places focus on the delivery-rate field340 for thefirst interval330. The user scrolls to and selects the desired delivery rate. The user selects the desired delivery by scrolling to the desired value and activating theNext function200. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 scrolls through delivery rates in the range from 0 u/hr to 2 u/hr in increments of 0.05 units per hour. The delivery rate does not exceed the maximum delivery rate (FIG. 12, Item304).

When the desired delivery rate is selected, thepump100 indexes focus to the start-time field342 for thesecond time interval332. The user scrolls to and selects the desired start time. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 scrolls through start times in increments of 30 minutes. In one possible embodiment, the start time cannot be earlier than or equal to the start time of the previous time interval and cannot be later than or equal to the start time of the next subsequent time interval. Other embodiments will implement different scrolling increments and limitations on the start time that can be selected. In another embodiment, if a selected start time is not in sequence, thepump100 will automatically reposition the delivery intervals so they are in chronological order.

When the desired start time is selected, pump100 then indexes focus to the delivery-rate field340 for thesecond time interval332, which the user sets using the procedures described above with respect to thefirst time interval330. The user continues this procedure indexing through the start times for each of the time intervals and their associated delivery rates until the start time for each of the delivery intervals and their associated delivery rates are set. When the user is finished setting and/or editing the start times and delivery rates for the various intervals, he or she activates theDone function212 and thepump100 returns to theSummary Display324.

In one possible embodiment, thefirst time interval330 always starts at 12:00 midnight. In this embodiment, the last time interval will terminate at 12:00 midnight. If, within theSummary Display324, the user highlights and selects thefirst time interval330 for editing, thepump100 indexes to theEdit display336 and initially highlights thedelivery rate328 for thefirst time interval330 rather than the start time326. In another embodiment, however, the user can change thestart time320 for thefirst time interval330. The last time interval would then extend until the start time for thefirst time interval330. Additionally, within theSummary Display324, the user can scroll to a delivery interval other than thefirst interval330 and activate theEdit function254. In this situation, the start-time field342 for the selected interval is initially placed into focus rather than the delivery-rate field340.

To add a time interval to the basal program, the user continues to index through all of the time intervals and associated fields until the pump generates a new delivery interval and displays the characters “--:--”344 in the start-time field342 of the new interval, which occurs after indexing through the delivery-rate field340 for the last time interval. The user then scrolls through desired start times for the new time interval. After the desired start time is selected, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100 indexes to the delivery-rate field340 for the new time interval, which the user sets by scrolling through available delivery rate values. The user can then activate theNext function200 to add yet another new time interval or can activate theDone function212 to return to theSummary display324. In one embodiment, thepump100 can include up to 48 time segments, although other embodiment will include more or fewer time segments.

To delete a time interval from the basal program, the user places the start-time field342 for the desired interval into focus and scrolls down until the time reads “--:--”344. The user then activates theNext function200 to index focus to the delivery-rate field340. The user then scrolls the delivery rate down to 0.00348 and either activates theNext function200 to index to another time interval for editing or activates theDone function212 to return to theSummary display324.

Additionally, both theSummary user interface324 and theEdit user interface336 include atotal field346 in which the total insulin scheduled to be delivered over a 24-hour period for that basal program is listed. The total insulin scheduled to be delivered is calculated by multiplying the delivery rate by the length of each time interval to calculate the total insulin to be delivered for each time interval by the basal program being edited. The total insulin to be delivered for each time interval is then summed to calculate the total insulin scheduled to be delivered over a 24-hour period.

Referring toFIG. 14, to begin a basal program the user indexes to theBasal Programs submenu318 and selects the name of the desired basal program. The pump indexes to theBasal X submenu322 and selects the Start Using menu item. The pump returns to theBasal Programs submenu318 and sets thebutton320′ for the newly activated basal program. Thepump100 also clears thebutton320 for the previously active basal program.

K. Temporary Rate

A temporary rate allows the user to temporarily raise or lower the delivery rate being administered by the active bolus program. The user can personalize or customize the temporary rate programs and how they are present in the user interface. Referring toFIG. 15, to personalize the temporary rate programs, the user accesses thePersonalize Delivery submenu302.

Selecting the Delivery menu item in thePersonalize submenu222 causes thepump100 to index to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302 and the user selects the Temporary Rate menu item. Thepump100 then displays a display-temporary-rate field350, which is placed in focus. The user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. If the user selects the no value, thepump100 returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 indexes focus to program-temporary-rate-usingfield352 in which the user scrolls between and selects either a Percent value and a Units/hr value. If the user selects the Percent value, thepump100 sets the temporary rate delivery programs to increase and decrease the basal rate in terms of a percentage of the programmed basal rate and indexes focus to a give-reminder field. If the user selects the Units/hr value, thepump100 sets the temporary rate delivery programs to increase and decrease the basal rate in terms of absolute units per hour and indexes focus to the give-reminder field.

When focus is on the give-reminder field354, the user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. Selecting the yes value enables a temporary-rate reminder (either audible or vibratory) that is periodically generated while thepump100 is delivering a temporary rate. Focus then indexes to aninterval field356 in which the user scrolls to and selects an interval that sets how frequently thepump100 gives a reminder. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls between 5 minutes and 1 hour in increments such as 5 minutes, 10 minutes, or 15 minutes. Upon selection of the interval, focus indexes to an end-temporary-rate-reminder field358. Selecting the no value in the give-reminder field358 disables the temporary-rate reminder and indexes focus directly from the give-reminder field354 to the end-temporary-rate-reminder field358.

Within the end-temporary-rate-reminder field358, the user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 enables generation of the reminder upon completion of the temporary rate. The reminder is either an audible or vibratory reminder when delivery at the temporary rate is complete. In one possible embodiment, the reminder upon completion of the temporary rate is different than the reminder given to indicate that the temporary rate is still running. For example, an audible alarm might be longer, louder, or have a different sequence of beeps. Similarly, a vibratory alarm might be longer, stronger, or have a different sequence of vibrations. If the user selects the no value, thepump100 disables the reminder.

Thepump100 next indexes focus to a review/edit-custom-temporary-rate field360. The user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. If the user selects the no value, the pump returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. If the user selects the yes value, the pump indexes to adisplay362 entitled “Custom Temp Rate” and lists thename364 of each customized temporary rate delivery program and displays acheck box366 next to eachname364. In one possible embodiment, there are four separate temporary rate programs. If a customized temporary rate program is enabled, thecheck box366 for that delivery program is set. If a customized temporary rate program is disabled, thecheck box366 for that temporary rate delivery program is cleared. When a customized temporary rate delivery program is enabled, it is displayed in the Temporary Basal Rates submenu376 (FIG. 16) as described below and the user can then selectively execute the temporary rate delivery program through theTemporary Rates submenu376. If the customized temporary rate delivery program is not enabled, it is not displayed in theTemporary Rates submenu376 as described below and it cannot be executed.

To enable or disable a customized temporary rate program, the user scrolls to thename364 of the desired program and activates theEdit function254. Thepump100 indexes to adisplay367 entitled “Custom Temp Rate: Temp Rate X,” where X is the number of the customized temporary rate program being edited. In the illustrated example, the title of the screen is “Custom Temp Rate:Temp Rate 3” becausetemporary rate 3 is being edited. The screen has four fields, an in-menu field368, aname field370, arate field372, and aduration field374.

The in-menu field368 is initially placed in focus. Within this field, the user scrolls to and selects either a yes value and a no value. If the user activates the no value, thepump100 disables the customized temporary rate program associated with the screen367 (Temporary Rate Program 3 in the illustrated example) and returns to the CustomTemp Rate display362. Thecheck box366 for the disabled temporary rate program is cleared. In one possible embodiment, if thepump100 is actually executing the temporary rate program that the user attempts to disable, thepump100 will not disable the program and will present an error message stating, “You may not disable the active temporary rate program.”

If the user selects the yes value in the in-menu field368, focus indexes to thename field370. Within thename field370, the user scrolls to and selects a name to assign the program. In one possible embodiment, the user can scroll through names such as Sick, Travel, Exercise, and the generic name Temp Rate X, where X is the number of the temporary rate program being edited. When the user has scrolled to the desired name, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100 indexes to therate field372.

Within therate field372, the user scrolls to and selects a percentage to modify the basal rate. In one possible embodiment, the user can scroll through percentages in the range from 0% to 250%. When the desired percentage is selected, focus indexes to theduration field374. Within theduration field374, the user scrolls to and selects a duration for which they would like the temporary rate to be active once it begins. In one possible embodiment, the user can scroll through rates in the range from 30 minutes to 72 hours. When the duration is selected, thepump100 returns to the CustomTemp Rate display362.

The user repeats this procedure from the CustomTemp Rate display362 for each customtemporary rate program364 for which they desire to edit the enabled state, name, rate, or duration. When the user is done editing custom temporary rate programs, he or she activates theDone function212. Thepump100 then returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. As described below, the names of the enabled custom temporary rate delivery programs will then appear in asubmenu376 entitled “Temporary Basal Rate”.

Referring toFIG. 16, a user activates a temporary rate by selecting the Temporary Rate menu item from themain menu190. If the user has enabled any customized temporary rates as described above with reference toFIG. 15, the pump indexes to a TemporaryBasal Rate submenu376, which lists the standard temporaryrate delivery program377 and all of the custom temporaryrate delivery programs364 that are enabled. In the illustrated example, the two custom temporaryrate delivery programs364 are 5 mile run and aerobics. The user scrolls to and selects the desired delivery program.

When the user selects a temporary rate program for execution, thepump100 indexes from the TemporaryBasal Rate submenu376 to anedit screen379. In an alternative embodiment, if there are not any customtemporary rate programs364 enabled (i.e., only thestandard program377 can be used), thepump100 indexes directly from themain menu190 to theedit screen379 and skips the TemporaryBasal Rate display376.

Theedit screen379 has aduration field378 that contains the duration for the temporary rate and arate field380 that contain data to set the temporary rate. If the temporary rate is one that was customized as described in conjunction withFIG. 15, theduration field378 contains the duration as it was initially set in the “Custom Temp Rate: Temp Rate X”display367. Similarly, therate field380 initially contains the rate data originally set in the “Custom Temp Rate: Temp Rate X”display367. The user can then adjust these values by using the scroll keys to change the values and the Next function to index from theduration field378 to therate field380. In one possible embodiment, for example, the duration can be set in the range from 0 minutes to 72 hours, and the rate can be set in the range from about 0% to about 400% if percent is the rate factor (or from a rate of 0 units per hour to the maximum basal rate if the units per hour is the rate factor).

If the user selects the Standard temporary basal rate program, theduration field378 andrate field380 are preprogrammed with a predetermined value that the user then adjusts to desired levels. If the temporary basal program is set to receive a percentage by which to adjust the basal rate, values in therate field380 arepercentages381. If the temporary basal program is set to receive a new basal rate, values in therate field380 are in units/hr381′. In one possible embodiment, for example, therate field378 might be set at 100% (the current basal rate if units per hour is used) and theduration field380 at 30 minutes. In another possible embodiment, theduration field380 is preprogrammed at 0 minutes.

The user sets the duration, activates theNext function200, sets the rate, activates thenext function200, and then thepump100 indexes to aconfirmation screen382 that lists the set duration and rate (as apercentage383 or in units/hr383′ depending on settings for the temporary rate program, for the temporary basal rate program. The user then activates a Deliverfunction384 assigned to thesecond function key140 and thepump100 begins delivering insulin according to the operating parameters set in the temporary rate program. While the temporary rate is being delivered, thehome page152 will display thedelivery rate383′ as modified162′ by the temporary rate and display abanner384 stating that a temporary rate is active. In an alternative embodiment, if a custom temporary rate is active, the pump will display thename364 assigned to the active custom temporary rate.

Referring toFIG. 17, the user can suspend an active temporary rate program by activating the Suspendfunction172 on thehome page152. As described above, thepump100 prompts the user to select suspension of all delivery or just the temporary rate. The user highlights and selects the temporary rate. Thepump100 then prints abanner386 indicating how much time remains in the duration of the temporary rate and prompting the user to confirm suspension. The user confirms suspension by activating the yes function178. Thepump100 then suspends delivery at the temporary rate and returns to pumping that according to the normalbasal rate160. If the user activates the nofunction180, thepump100 will continue delivering according to the temporary rate and will return to thehome page152 with abanner384 stating that the temporary rate is active and a display of the temporarybasal rate162′.

L. Correction Bolus

In addition to delivering a basal rate thepump100 may administer a bolus to lower the user's blood glucose level. One possible embodiment of thepump100 can deliver two types of boluses, a correction bolus and a meal bolus. The correction bolus delivers a dose of insulin over and above the basal rate to lower or correct the user's blood glucose level if it becomes too high. A meal bolus is a dose of insulin delivered in anticipation of consuming a meal to counteract the effects that the meal may have on the user's blood glucose.

Referring toFIG. 18, the user can personalize or customize the correction bolus program and how the program is presented in the user interface. To personalize the temporary rate programs, the user accesses thePersonalize Delivery submenu302.

Selecting the Correction Bolus menu item causes thepump100 to display a main-menu field388, and places it in focus. The user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. The yes value enables a Correction Bolus menu item in themain menu190, and a no value disables the Correction Bolus menu item in themain menu190. Upon selecting the yes or no value, focus indexes to a meal-bolus field390 in which the user scrolls to and selects either a yes value or a no value. A yes value enables the user to set a correction bolus through the meal bolus delivery program as described below. A no value disables the ability to set a correction bolus through the meal bolus delivery program.

Upon selecting a yes or no value in the meal-bolus field390, focus indexes to aunits field392 in which the user scrolls to and selects units for measuring blood glucose levels in either mg/dL and mmol/L. Upon selecting the units, focus indexes to a correction-bolus-factor field394 in which the user scrolls to and selects a desired correction factor. The correction factor is the amount that the user's blood glucose drops for each unit of delivered insulin. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls through values ranging from 5 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL (or 0.2 mmol/L to 12 mmol/L). When the desired correction factor is set, focus indexes to a duration-of-activity field398.

Additionally, thepump100 calculates the average correction value for a predetermined number of days beginning with the previous day and extending backwards in time, and then displays396 the average correction factor together with the correction-bolus-factor field394. In the illustrated example, thepump100 displays the average correction factor for the previous seven days. As discussed above, other embodiments average the correction factor over other periods of time. In yet other embodiments the user can select the period of time over which to average the correction factor. Within the duration-of-activity field398, the user scrolls to and selects the duration of time over which insulin remains in the user's body. This amount will vary from user to user depending on a variety of factors including physical traits of the user and the type of insulin that is used. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls through durations in the range from 2 hours to 6 hours. When the duration is set, thepump100 returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302.

Referring now toFIG. 19, the user delivers a correction bolus by selecting the correction bolus menu item from themain menu190. Thepump100 then displays anamount field400 in which the user enters the amount by which they would like to lower their blood glucose. The user scrolls to and selects the desired amount. Thepump100 then calculates a recommended bolus and indexes focus to a recommend-bolus field402. Thepump100 also displays abanner403 with the recommend-bolus field402 which reads “Bolus to Lower BG X?” where X is the amount that the user entered to lower his or her blood glucose. Thepump100 calculates the recommended bolus according to the equation:

\begin{matrix} Corrrection Bolus = \frac{Drop in Glucose Level}{Correction Factor} & (1) \end{matrix}

and displays the recommended correction bolus in the recommend-bolus field402. The user can adjust the recommended correction bolus by incrementing the recommend amount up or down using the up and down

keys

142 and144, respectively.

When the desired correction bolus is displayed in the recommend-bolus field402, the user activates the Deliverfunction384 and thepump100 presents averification display404 that presents the bolus amount and a countdown timer. Thepump100 also assigns astop function406 to thefirst function key138. Thepump100 then counts down a predetermined period of time, such as 5 seconds, and begins to deliver the bolus after the countdown timer times out. If the user activates theStop function406 while the timer is still counting down, thepump100 will cancel delivery of the bolus and return to thehome page152.

During delivery of the bolus, thepump100 displays abanner408 in the screen stating the bolus is delivering and the amount of the bolus. Thepump100 then returns to thehome page152 after delivery of the bolus is complete.

Additionally, thepump100 has a duration of activity program that determines whether any bolus that was previously delivered is still active. If a previous bolus is still active, thepump100 calculates the estimated amount of insulin that is still active in the patient's body according to the equation:

\begin{matrix} Residual Insulin = \frac{\begin{matrix} Last Bolus Amount \times \\ (Duration - Time Since Last Bolus) \end{matrix}}{Duration} & (2) \end{matrix}

- if (Duration-Time Since Last Bolus)≧0,
- otherwise Residual Insulin =0.
  where Residual Insulin is the amount of insulin from a previous correction bolus still active within the user's body, Last Bolus Amount is the amount of the last correction bolus, Duration is the duration of insulin, which is set as described in conjunction withFIG. 15, and Time Since Last Bolus is the amount of time lapsed since the last correction bolus was delivered. Additionally, there could be more than one correction boluses still active within the user's body. In this situation,equation 2 is used to calculate the residual insulin from each of the still active correction boluses and the amount of residual insulin for each of the previous correction boluses is summed to determine Residual Insulin.

Thepump100 then calculates an adjusted correction bolus according to the equation:
Reduced Correction Bolus=Correction Bolus−Residual Insulin (3)
Thepump100 then displays the reduced recommended corrected bolus in the correction-bolus field402 rather than the recommended correction bolus. The display also presents a banner (not shown) with the recommended-bolus field that indicates that the recommended bolus is reduced to accommodate residual bolus insulin that is still working in the user's body. An example of such a banner is “*reduced for insulin on-board”.

In an alternative embodiment, when the user selects the Correction Bolus menu item from themain menu190, thepump100 indexes to a display that presents the correction factor, displays the user's target blood glucose level, and displays a current-blood-glucose field that prompts the user to enter the user's current blood glucose level. The user scrolls to and selects their current blood glucose level. Thepump100 then calculates the appropriate amount of the bolus to lower the user's blood glucose level to the target value and then presents the verification display. In this embodiment, thepump100 calculates the desired drop in the glucose level, and thepump100 calculates the correction bolus according to the equation:

\begin{matrix} Correction Bolus = \frac{\begin{matrix} Current Glucose Level - \\ Target Glucose Level \end{matrix}}{Correction Factor} & (4) \end{matrix}

M. Meal Bolus Programs

A meal bolus is a bolus that the pump delivers in anticipation of a meal that the user plans to consume. In one possible embodiment, the amount of the meal bolus is based on how much insulin is required to work against the carbohydrates that the user plans to consume. There are several types of meal bolus programs that thepump100 may include. One type is a standard bolus in which thepump100 delivers the meal bolus a predetermined time prior to when the user consumes the meal or snack. The standard program delivers the bolus at the maximum rate that thepump100 is able to deliver it. As explained below, the standard program can be set for programming in either units of insulin or number of carbohydrates. Another type of meal bolus that thepump100 can be programmed to deliver is an extended bolus in which thepump100 delivers the meal bolus over an extended period. Yet another type of meal bolus that thepump100 can be programmed to deliver is a combination bolus in which thepump100 immediately delivers a portion of the meal bolus and the balance of the meal bolus over an extended period of time.

Referring toFIG. 20, to instruct thepump100 to program the standard meal bolus in units of insulin and to otherwise personalize the meal bolus program, the user accesses thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. From thePersonalize Delivery submenu302, the user selects the Meal Bolus menu item and thepump100

prompts

410 the user to select whether to program in units of insulin or carbohydrates. The user selects units of insulin. Thepump100 then prompts412 the user to select the maximum bolus that can be delivered. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls through values in the range between 0 units and 40 units of insulin in increments of 1 until the desired value is highlighted. Next, thepump100

prompts

414 the user to select the increments in which the user can select the actual bolus to be delivered. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls between 0.05 units, 0.10 units, 0.50 units, and 1.00 units.

Thepump100 then prompts416 the user to select whether to enable an extended bolus program and to display an Extended Bolus menu item within a Meal Bolus submenu434 (FIG. 21). The extended bolus program is selected by selecting a yes value and disabled by selecting a no value. Thepump100 also prompts418 the user to select whether to enable a combination bolus program and to display a Combo Bolus menu item within theMeal Bolus submenu434. The combination bolus program is activated by selecting a yes value and is disabled by selecting a no value. Thepump100 then prompts420 the user to choose whether to enable an audio bolus program. The user selects a yes value to enable the audio bolus program and selects a no value to disable the audio bolus program.

If thepump100 is preprogrammed with one or more custom meal boluses, the pump prompts422 the user to select whether to review or edit a custom bolus. If the user does not want to review or edit a custom bolus, the user selects no and thepump100 returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. If the user selects yes, thepump100 presents adisplay424 entitled “Custom Bolus,” which lists thenames426 of the available custom meal bolus programs. Thedisplay424 also presents acheck box428 for each of the custommeal bolus programs426. If a custommeal bolus program426 is enabled, thecheck box428 is set. If a custommeal bolus program426 is not enabled, thecheck box428 is cleared. When a custom meal bolus is enabled, it is displayed in the Meal Bolus submenu434 as a separate menu item. If the custom meal bolus program is not enabled, it is not displayed in theMeal Bolus submenu434 and the user cannot execute the program.

To enable or disable a meal bolus program, the user scrolls to the desired custom meal bolus program and activates theEdit function254. Thepump100 presents adisplay430 entitled “Custom Bolus: X,” where X is the name of the selected custom meal bolus program. In the illustrated example, the title of the display is Custom Meal Bolus: Pizza”. Upon activating theEdit function254, thepump100

prompts

432 the user to select either a yes value or no value. If the user selects the yes value, thepump100 enables the custommeal bolus program426 and displays the name of the program as a menu item in theMeal Bolus submenu434. If the user selects the no value, thepump100 disables the custommeal bolus program426 and does not display the name of the program as menu item in theMeal Bolus submenu434. After the yes or no value is selected, thepump100 returns to the “Custom Bolus”display424.

The user repeats this procedure from the “Custom Bolus”display424 for each custommeal bolus program426 for which they desire to change the enabled state. When the user is done changing the enabled states for the available custommeal bolus programs426, the user activates theDone function212 in the “Custom Bolus”display424. Thepump100 then returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302.

Additionally, in one possible embodiment, if there are no custom meal bolus programs available for the user to enable, thepump100 automatically returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302 after the user instructs420 thepump100 whether to enable an Audio Bolus.

FIG. 21 illustrates administration of a standard meal bolus when thepump100 is set to program meal boluses using units of insulin. The user selects the meal bolus menu item from the main menu, and the pump indexes to aMeal Bolus submenu434. Themeal bolus submenu434 lists the available meal bolus programs. Examples include the standard meal bolus program, the extended meal bolus program, the combination meal bolus program, and any enabled custom meal bolus programs. In the illustrated example, only the extended meal bolus program is enabled and thus theMeal Bolus submenu434 includes a Standard Bolus and an Extended Bolus. The user highlights the Standard Menu item and thepump100

prompts

436 the user to enter the number of units to deliver. In one possible embodiment, the user can scroll through values in the range from 0 units to 17 units in increments of 0.5 units.

If thepump100 is programmed to enable administration of a correction bolus through the Meal Bolus program, thepump100

prompts

436 the user to enter the number of units to deliver as a meal bolus. The user then activates the Deliverfunction384 and thepump100

prompts

438 the user to enter the amount by which they want to lower their blood glucose level. In one possible embodiment, the user enters the amount by scrolling through values in units of either mg/dL or mmol/L. When the desired drop in blood glucose is entered, the user activates theNext function200, which causes thepump100 to calculate a recommended bolus amount and to display a user interface with thebanner439 stating “Bolus to Lower BG X plus Y meal bolus.” X is the amount the user entered to lower the blood glucose level, and Y is the amount of the meal bolus entered by the user.

The user interface also displays the recommendedbolus amount440 to deliver. The recommendedbolus amount440 is the recommended correction bolus as calculated above, plus the amount of the meal bolus. This feature allows the user to correct a high blood glucose level and deliver additional insulin to work against carbohydrates that they plan to consume. The user can adjust the recommended bolus amount by increasing or decreasing the recommended bolus amount by scrolling up or down. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls in increments of 0.5 units. Once the desired bolus amount is set, the user activates the Deliverfunction384.

Activating the Deliverfunction384 causes thepump100 to start a countdown timer and display abanner404 that states a bolus will be delivered in predetermined time. In one possible embodiment, that time is 5 seconds and thepump100 displays the bolus amount in thebanner404. An example of a possible banner states “Bolus X Delivery Starts in 5 Seconds,” where X is the bolus amount. Thepump100 also assigns aStop function406 to thefirst function key138.

If the user activates theStop function406 before the countdown timer times out, thepump100 will terminate delivery of the bolus and return to thehome page152. If the user does not activate theStop function406, when the timer times out, thepump100 will begin to deliver the bolus and display abanner408 stating that the bolus is being delivered. An example of such a banner is “Bolus X is Delivering”, where X is the bolus amount. When delivery of the bolus is complete, thepump100 returns to thehome page152.

In an alternative embodiment, when thepump100 is programmed to enable administration of a correction bolus through a Meal Bolus, thepump100 displays a user interface entitled Current Blood Glucose.” Thepump100 calculates the current correction factor and displays the correction factor in the user interface. Thepump100 also displays the target blood glucose level. The user then enters his or her current blood glucose level in units of either mg/dL or mmol/L, by scrolling through a range of values until the current blood glucose level is displayed. In this embodiment, the target blood glucose level and the appropriate units are programmed into thepump100 when personalizing the correction bolus program as described herein. Once the user enters the current blood glucose level, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100 calculates a recommended bolus amount, using the equations set forth above, and adds it to the meal bolus. Thepump100 displays the user interface with the banner “Bolus to Lower BG X plus Y Meal Bolus”439. The user can then change theamount440 and activate the Deliverfunction384 to begin delivery of the bolus as described above.

Additionally, in one possible embodiment, thepump100 adjusts the recommended bolus based on the meal bolus or the meal bolus plus the correction bolus to accommodate insulin on board or residual insulin that is still working within the user's body. In this embodiment, the amount of the adjusted correction bolus is adjusted using the equations described above in conjunction with the duration-of-activity function. The methods of adjusting the bolus amount for insulin on board is described above.

Referring toFIG. 22, to instruct thepump100 to program the standard meal bolus in number of carbohydrates consumed and to otherwise personalize the meal bolus program, the user accesses thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. From thePersonalize Delivery submenu302, the user selects the Meal Bolus menu item and thepump100 then prompts442 the user to select whether to program in units of insulin or carbohydrates. The user highlights units of carbohydrates and activates theNext function200. Thepump100

prompts

444 the user to enter their carbohydrate ratio, which is the number or grams of carbohydrates that each unit of insulin will counteract. Thepump100 also calculates the historicalaverage carbohydrate ratio445 for a predetermined time-period and displays that historical average with the prompt444. In one possible embodiment, the historical average is for the previous 7-day period. As discussed above, other embodiments average the carbohydrate ratio over other periods of time. In yet other embodiments the user can select the period of time over which to average the carbohydrate ratio.

The user enters the carbohydrate ratio by scrolling through values in a predetermined range such as from 0 gm/u to 50 gm/u in increments of 1. When the desired number of carbohydrates is set, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100

prompts

446 the user to set the increment by which the user would like to be able to scroll through the number of carbohydrates when programming thepump100 to deliver a meal bolus. In one possible embodiment, the user can set the desired increment between 1 and 15 grams.

Thepump100

prompts

448 the user to enter the maximum bolus that can be delivered. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls through values in the range between 0 units and 40 units of insulin in increments of 1 until the desired value is highlighted. Thepump100 then prompts450 the user to enter the increments in which the user can select the actual bolus to be delivered. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls between 0.05 units, 0.10 units, 0.50 units, and 1.00 units and activates theNext function200.

The pump prompts452 the user to select whether to enable an extended bolus program and to display an Extended Bolus menu item within theMeal Bolus submenu434. The extended bolus program is enabled by highlighting and activating a yes value and not enabled by highlighting and selecting a no value. Thepump100 also prompts454 the user to select whether to enable a combination bolus program and to display a Combo Bolus menu item within aMeal Bolus submenu434. The combination bolus program is enabled by highlighting and activating a yes value and not enabled by highlighting and selecting a no value. The user activates theNext function200 to index through these

prompts

452 and454. Thepump100 then prompts456 the user to choose whether to enable an audio bolus program. The user selects a yes value to enable the audio bolus program and selects a no value to not enable the audio bolus program and then activates thenext function200.

If thepump100 is preprogrammed with one or more custom meal boluses, thepump100 then prompts458 the user to select whether to review or edit a custom bolus. If the user does not want to review or edit a custom bolus, the user selects no and thepump100 returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302. If the user selects yes, the pump indexes to adisplay460 entitled “Custom Bolus,” which lists thenames462 of the available custom programs. In the illustrated example, there are four custom boluses available on the pump, Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, and Snack.

The screen also presents acheck box464 for each of the custommeal bolus programs462. If a custom meal bolus program is enabled, thepump100 sets thecheck box464. If a custom meal bolus program is not enabled, thepump100 clears thecheck box464. When a custom meal bolus program is enabled, it is displayed in the Meal Bolus submenu434 as a separate menu item. If the custom meal bolus program is not enabled, it is not displayed in theMeal Bolus submenu434 and the user cannot execute the custom meal bolus program.

To enable or disable a custom meal bolus program, the user selects the desired custom meal bolus program and activates theEdit function254. Thepump100 indexes to adisplay466 entitled “Custom Bolus: X,” where X is thename462 of the selected custom meal bolus program. In the illustrated example, the title of thedisplay466 is Custom Meal Bolus: Breakfast”. Theuser interface466

prompts

468 the user to instruct thepump100 whether to display the custom meal bolus in the Meal Bolus submenu434 by entering either a yes value or no value. If the user selects the yes value and activates thenext function200, thepump100

prompts

470 the user to enter the carbohydrate ratio to use with the custom meal bolus program. The value of thecarbohydrate ratio470 may or may not be the same value as thecarbohydrate ratio444. The user enters the carbohydrate ratio by scrolling through values in a predetermined range such as from 0 gm/u to 50 gm/u in increments of 1. When the desired number of carbohydrates is set, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100 returns to the “Custom Bolus”submenu434.

If the user selects the no value at the prompt468, thepump100 will not enable the custom meal bolus program and will not display menu item for the program in theMeal Bolus submenu434. After the no value is entered, thepump100 returns to the “Custom Bolus”display460.

The user repeats this procedure from the “Custom Bolus”display460 for each custom bolus program for which they desire to change the enabled state. When the user is done changing the enabled states for the available custom meal bolus programs, the user activates theDone function212. Thepump100 then returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302.

Additionally, in one possible embodiment, if there are no custom meal bolus programs available for the user to enable, thepump100 automatically returns to thePersonalize Delivery submenu302 after the user instructs456 thepump100 whether to enable an Audio Bolus.

FIG. 23 illustrates administration of a standard meal bolus when thepump100 is set to program meal boluses using grams of carbohydrates. The user selects the meal bolus menu item from themain menu190, and the pump indexes to theMeal Bolus submenu434. Themeal bolus submenu434 lists the available meal bolus programs. Examples include the standard meal bolus program, the extended meal bolus program, the combination meal bolus program, and any enabled custom meal bolus programs. In the illustrated example, only the extended meal bolus program is enabled and thus the meal bolus submenu includes a Standard Bolus and an Extended Bolus.

The user selects the Standard Menu item and thepump100

prompts

472 the user to enter the number of carbohydrates that the user plans to consume. The user interface also displays thecurrent carbohydrate ratio473. The user sets the desired number of carbohydrates. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls through carbohydrates in the range from 0 grams to 225 grams.

The user then activates theNext function200 and thepump100 calculates a recommended size for the meal bolus using the equation:

\begin{matrix} Recommended Meal Bolus = \frac{Grams of Carbohydrates}{Carbohydrate Ratio} & (5) \end{matrix}

Thepump100

displays

474 the recommended meal bolus. The user can then adjust the size of the meal bolus by scrolling up or down. In one possible embodiment, thepump100 scrolls in increments of 1. Once the desired bolus amount is set the user activates the Deliverfunction384.

When thepump100 is programmed to enable administration of a correction bolus through a Meal Bolus, thepump100

prompts

472 the user to enter the number of carbohydrates to be consumed. The user then activates theNext function200, and thepump100

prompts

478 the user to enter the amount by which they want to lower their blood glucose level. The user then activates theNext function200, which causes thepump100 to calculate a recommended bolus amount and to display a user interface with abanner482 stating “Bolus to Lower BG X plus Y grams of carbohydrates.” X is the amount by which the user entered to lower the blood glucose level, and Y is the number of carbohydrates that the user entered.

Thepump100 also displays the recommendedbolus amount480 to deliver. The recommendedbolus amount480 is the recommended correction bolus plus the amount of the meal bolus. This feature allows the user to correct a high blood glucose level and deliver additional insulin to work against carbohydrates that they plan to consume. The user can adjust the recommended bolus amount by increasing or decreasing the recommended bolus amount by scrolling up or down. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls in increments of 0.5 units. Once the desired bolus amount is set, the user activates the Deliverfunction384.

Activating the Deliverfunction384 causes thepump100 to start the countdown timer and display thebanner404 that states a bolus will be delivered in predetermined time. In one possible embodiment, that time is 5 seconds and thebanner404 also states the bolus amount. An example of apossible banner404 states “Bolus X Delivery Starts in 5 Seconds,” where X is the bolus amount. Thepump100 also assigns aStop function406 to thefirst function key138.

If the user activates theStop function406 before the countdown timer times out, thepump100 will terminate delivery of the bolus and return to thehome page152. If the user does not activate theStop function406, when the timer times out, thepump100 will begin to deliver the bolus and display thebanner408 stating that the bolus is being delivered. An example of such a banner is “Bolus X is Delivering”, where X is the bolus amount. When delivery of the bolus is complete, the pump returns to thehome page152.

In an alternative embodiment, when thepump100 is programmed to enable administration of a correction bolus through a Meal Bolus, thepump100 prompts the user to enter their current blood glucose measurement. Thepump100 calculates the current correction factor and also displays the correction factor and the target blood glucose level with the prompt. The user then enters his or her current blood glucose level in units of either mg/dL or mmol/L, by scrolling through a range of values until the current blood glucose level is displayed. In this embodiment, the target blood glucose level and the appropriate units are programmed into the pump when personalizing or customizing the correction bolus program. Once the user enters the current blood glucose level, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100 calculates a recommended bolus amount and adds it to the meal bolus. Thepump100 displays the user interface with thebanner482 “Bolus to Lower BG X plus Y grams of carbohydrates.” The user can then change the amount and activate the Deliverfunction384 to begin delivery of the bolus as described above.

Additionally, in one possible embodiment, thepump100 adjusts the recommended bolus based on the meal bolus or the meal bolus plus the correction bolus to accommodate insulin on board or residual insulin that is still working within the user's body. In this embodiment, the amount of the adjusted correction bolus is adjusted using the equations described above in conjunction with the duration-of-activity function. The methods of adjusting the bolus amount for insulin on board is described herein.

FIG. 24 illustrates administration of an extended bolus. The user selects the meal bolus menu item from themain menu190, and thepump100 indexes to aMeal Bolus submenu434. Themeal bolus submenu434 lists the available meal bolus programs including the extended bolus program. In the illustrated example, the extended meal bolus program and the combination bolus program are enabled and thus the meal bolus submenu includes menu items for a standard bolus, an extended bolus, and a combination bolus.

The user selects the Extended Bolus menu item and, when thepump100 is set to program in units of insulin, the pump prompts484 the user to enter the number of units to deliver. In one possible embodiment, the user can scroll through values in the range from 0 units to 17 units in increments of 0.5 units. When the number of units for delivery are entered, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100

prompts

486 the user to enter the duration of length of time over which the extended bolus is to be delivered. In one possible embodiment, the user enters a duration in the range of 0 minutes to 6 hours in increments of 30 minutes.

When the duration is set, thepump100 displays auser interface488 that presents the programmedamount490 of the extended bolus and theduration492 over which it is to be delivered. To begin delivery of the extended bolus, the user activates the Deliverfunction384. Thepump100 then begins delivering the extended bolus and will complete delivery upon expiration of the duration.

Alternatively, when thepump100 is set to program in grams of carbohydrates, thepump100

prompts

484′ the user to enter the grams of carbohydrates that the user plans to consume rather than the units of insulin to deliver as an extended bolus. Thepump100 also prompts486 the user to enter the duration for the extended bolus Thepump100

displays

485 the carbohydrate ratio while prompting the user to enter the grams ofcarbohydrates484′ and theduration486. Thepump100 then calculates a recommendedbolus amount490′ using the carbohydrate ratio as described above and displays the recommendedbolus amount490′, together with theduration492 in a user interface that confirms the parameters for delivery of the extended bolus. The user can adjust the recommendedamount490′ for the extended bolus by scrolling with the up and down

keys

142 and144. The user activates the Deliverfunction384 to begin delivery of the extended bolus using the parameters displayed in the user interface.

After delivery of the extended bolus begins, if thepump100 is programmed to enable administration of a correction bolus through the Meal Bolus program, thepump100

prompts

494 the user to enter the amount by which they want to lower their blood glucose level. The user then activates theNext function200 and thepump100

prompts

496 the user to enter the number of units to deliver as a meal bolus. In one possible embodiment, the user enters the amount by scrolling through values in units of either mg/dL or mmol/L. When the desired drop in blood glucose is entered, the user activates theNext function200, which causes thepump100 to calculate a recommended bolus amount and to display thebanner497 “Bolus to Lower BG X.” X is the amount by which the user entered to lower the blood glucose level.

The prompt496 initially displays the recommended bolus amount to deliver. The recommended bolus amount is the recommended

correction bolus

490 or490′, which thepump100 calculates using the correction factor as discussed above. This feature allows the user to correct a high blood glucose level and deliver additional insulin to work against carbohydrates that they plan to consume. The user can adjust the recommendedbolus amount496 by increasing or decreasing the recommendedbolus amount496 by using the up and down

keys

142 and144. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls in increments of 0.5 units. Once the desired bolus amount is set, the user activates the Deliverfunction384.

Activating the Deliverfunction384 causes thepump100 to display thebanner404 that states a bolus will be delivered in predetermined time. In one possible embodiment, that time is 5 seconds and thepump100 displays thebolus amount496 in the banner. An example of a possible user interface states “Bolus X Delivery Starts in 5 Seconds,” where X is the amount of the correction bolus. Thepump100 also assigns theStop function406 to thefirst function key138.

If the user activates theStop function406 before the countdown timer times out, thepump100 will terminate delivery of the correction bolus and return to thehome page152. In one possible embodiment, activating theStop function406 will terminate delivery of the correction bolus, but not the extended bolus. If the user does not activate theStop function406, when the timer times out, thepump100 will begin to deliver the bolus and display thebanner408 stating that the bolus is being delivered. An example of such a banner is “Bolus X is Delivering”, where X is the bolus amount. When delivery of the bolus is complete, thepump100 returns to thehome page152.

In an alternative embodiment, when thepump100 is programmed to enable administration of a correction bolus through a Meal Bolus, thepump100 prompts the user to enter their current blood glucose measurement. Thepump100 calculates the current correction factor and displays the correction factor in the user interface. Thepump100 also displays the target blood glucose level. The user then enters his or her current blood glucose level in units of either mg/dL or mmol/L, by scrolling through a range of values until the current blood glucose level is displayed. In this embodiment, the target blood glucose level and the appropriate units are programmed into thepump100 when personalizing the correction bolus program. Once the user enters the current blood glucose level, the user activates theNext function200 and thepump100 calculates a recommended bolus amount and adds it to the meal bolus. Thepump100 displays the user interface with the banner “Bolus to Lower BG X plus Y Meal Bolus.” The user can then change the amount and activate the Deliverfunction384 to begin delivery of the bolus as described above.

Additionally, in one possible embodiment, thepump100 adjusts the recommended correction bolus based on the meal bolus or the meal bolus plus the correction bolus to accommodate insulin on board or residual insulin that is still working within the user's body. In this embodiment, the amount of the adjusted correction bolus is adjusted using the equations described above in conjunction with the duration-of-activity function. The methods of adjusting the bolus amount for insulin on board is described herein.

Referring toFIG. 25, the user can suspend delivery of an extended bolus by activating the Suspendfunction172 on thehome page152. As described above, thepump100 prompts the user to select suspension of all delivery or just the extended bolus. The user selects the extended bolus. Thepump100 then prints thebanner386 indicating how much time remains in the duration for the extended bolus and how much of the extended bolus remains to be delivered. Thepump100 also prompts the user to confirm suspension. The user confirms suspension by activating theYes function178. Thepump100 then suspends delivery of the extended bolus and returns to pumping according to the normal basal rate. If the user activates the Nofunction180, thepump100 will continue delivering according to the extended bolus and will return to thehome page152.

Referring toFIG. 26, delivery of a combination bolus is programmed into the pump in a manner similar to that of an extended bolus. However, the pump also prompts498 the user to enter the proportion or percent of the bolus that thepump100 delivers immediately upon activation of the Deliverfunction384. To enter the proportion of the amount that is delivered immediately, the user scrolls through percentages until the desired percentage of the bolus for immediate delivery is set. In one possible embodiment, the user scrolls through percentages in the range from 0% to 100% in increments of 1. Additionally when programming the pump to deliver a combination bolus, thepump100

displays

500 the percentage of the bolus that is to be delivered immediately in theconfirmation user interface488. In an alternative embodiment, the user enters the proportion or percent of the bolus that thepump100 delivers over an extended period.

Referring toFIG. 27, the user can suspend delivery of a combination bolus in a manner substantially similar to that of the extended bolus except that thepump100 displays a combination bolus menu item in the suspend menu. The user selects the combination bolus menu item to suspend delivery of the combination bolus, and then confirms suspension of the combination bolus.

N. Audio Bolus

Referring toFIG. 28, if audio bolus delivery is enabled, the user can program delivery of a standard meal bolus using a single button. To program an audio bolus, the user presses502 theaudio bolus button125 once and thepump100 begins the program for delivering a standard meal bolus. Thepump100 then generates anaudible signal504 in the form of a beep and starts a button-detection timer506. In an alternative embodiment, thepump100 does not generate theaudible signal504 and starts the button-detection timer506 immediately upon initially pressing theaudio bolus button502.

The user then presses512 the audio bolus button again to increment the amount to be delivered starting from 0. The user stops pressing theaudible bolus button125 when the desired bolus amount is reached518 and520. The amount of the increment is the increment size the user set when personalizing the meal bolus program. Each time the audio bolus button is pressed, the amount of the bolus increases by one increment.

The button-detection timer is reset514 every time the audible bolus button is pressed. If theaudible bolus button125 is not pressed before the button-detection timer times out after the first time theaudible bolus button125 is pressed, thepump100

cancels

510 the programming sequence. If the button-detection timer times out516 while the user is incrementing the bolus amount, thepump100 determines that the proper bolus amount is set. Theaudio alarm108 then generates a series ofbeeps524 that includes one beep for each bolus increment that was entered. This series of beeps provides an audible confirmation regarding the amount of the meal bolus.

In one possible embodiment, after the last beep in the series of beeps, thepump100 generates afinal beep526 to signal the end of the series. Thefinal beep526 has a different tone or volume than the beeps in the series ofbeeps524. In an alternative embodiment, thepump100 does not generate thefinal beep524.

If the amount of the bolus is correct, the user presses theaudio bolus button125 again and the meal bolus program starts acountdown timer528, which gives the user time to cancel delivery of the bolus. When the countdown timer times out530, thepump100 delivers532 the meal bolus.

In an example, if the increment count is set at 0.5 units and the user desires to program a standard meal bolus of 2 units, the user would press the audio bolus once to initiate programming the standard meal bolus and then four more times to increment the bolus amount to 2 units. After the fourth button is pushed, the user pauses and the audible-button timer times out. Thepump100 then generates a series of four beeps to signal that the bolus amount was incremented four times and a final beep to signal completion of the series of beeps. The countdown time would then begin to run, and thepump100 would deliver a meal bolus of 2 units when the countdown timer times out.

Additionally, the bolus is set in either units of insulin or grams of carbohydrates depending on whether thepump100 is set for programming in units of insulin or grams of carbohydrates, respectively. If the pump is set to program meal boluses in units of insulin, then each increment using the meal bolus button increments the bolus amount in units of insulin. If the bolus is set in to program meal boluses in grams of carbohydrates, then each increment using themeal bolus button125 increments the bolus amount in grams of carbohydrates.

In one possible embodiment, thepump100 displays the user interface that corresponds to the programming step being performed. For example, the user interface for entering the bolus amount is displayed after the user initiates the Audible bolus function by pressing the audible bolus button a first time. The bolus amount is initially set at 0. Every time the user presses theaudible bolus button125 after the first time and before the audible-button timer times out, the bolus amount displayed in the user interface will increment one time. A confirmation banner404 (FIG. 19) will be displayed while the series of confirmation beeps are generated, and the user interface displaying the countdown timer is displayed while the countdown timer is running. Additionally, the Stop function is assigned to thefirst function key138. Thepump100 delivers the bolus and returns to thehome page152 after the countdown timer times-out.

O. Computer-Pump Communication and Programming

In one possible embodiment, thepump100 can communicate with a computer. The computer can upload information from thepump100, including the historical information generated by and stored on thepump100. The computer can archive the historical information and maintain a complete historical record about thepump100. Additionally, the computer can generate various reports regarding use of thepump100, including information about delivery rates, bolus amounts, and alarms. Additionally, the computer can operate a program that allows the user to enter operating parameters for the various delivery programs that are loaded on thepump100 and to download those operating parameters to thepump100. In yet another possible embodiment, the computer can be used to download delivery programs and software updates to thepump100.

Referring toFIG. 29, in one possible embodiment, acomputer534 is a desktop computer that is IBM PC compatible, although other computers can be used. For example, thecomputer534 could be an Apple computer, portable computer, a hand-held computer, a mainframe computer, a computer that is connected to a network. Thecomputer534 has amonitor536, astorage device538, and an infrared (IR)communication port540. Thepump100 communicates with the computer through theIR port120 on thepump100 and theIR communication port540 of thecomputer534. In other embodiments, thepump100 andcomputer534 communicate through other types of data links such as a wireless or radio frequency (RF) connection or a wired connection such as USB, RS232, Fire wire, etc.

Communication between a medical pump and a computer is also discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,935,099, the disclosure of which was incorporated by reference above.

Referring toFIG. 30A, the software operating on thecomputer534 generates auser interface542 that allows a user to view, edit, and enter operating parameters for the various delivery programs that are loaded on theinsulin pump100. In one possible embodiment, theuser interface542 has a plurality of stackedprimary windows544a-544e. Each primary window includes a tab546a-546eand data entry features for entering profile settings for the delivery programs. A basal programsprimary window544ais associated with the basal delivery programs, and is marked with atab546abearing the name Basal Programs. A meal bolusesprimary window544bis associated with the meal bolus delivery programs, and is marked with atab546bbearing the name Meal Boluses. A correction bolusesprimary window544cis associated with the correction bolus deliver programs, and is marked with atab546cbearing the name Correction Boluses. A temporary ratesprimary window544dis associated with the temporary rate delivery programs, and is marked withtab546dbearing the name Temporary Rates.

Aprimary window544 can include a variety of different data entry features for entering the operating parameters including text, numbers, flags, or the like. Examples of the data entry features include buttons, check boxes, spin boxes, text fields, numeric fields, and tables. The buttons and check boxes are alternatively set and cleared by clicking on them with a pointing device such as a mouse. Each spin box is associated with up and down buttons and contains a list of values. The user sets the desired value by spinning though the list of values with the up and down keys until the desired value is visible in the spin box. The tables have rows of cells and a scroll bar. The user can manipulate the scroll bar with a pointing device to scroll through the available rows within the table. Additionally, each primary window has a download button, an upload button, and a save button.

The primary window on the top of the stack is active, and the user can enter, edit, and view operating parameters in the active primary window. The user can bring any one of the primary windows to the top of the stack by clicking on the primary window's tab.

Still referring toFIG. 30A, the firstprimary window544a, which is for setting the operating parameters for the basal programs, has three panels. Thefirst panel548 has a spin box550 for setting the maximum basal rate for the insulin pump. The spin box550 is displayed in afirst group box549. The user spins though available values until the desired maximum basal rate is visible within the spin box550. The maximum basal rate set in the spin box will apply to all of the basal delivery programs. In the illustrated example, there are four possible basal delivery programs. The first spin box550 is present in a first group box.

Thesecond panel552 of the screen has one secondary window554a-554dfor each of the basal delivery programs. The secondary windows are stacked and are marked with tabs556a-556d. Each tab556 is marked with the name of the basal program associated with the tab's secondary window554. The secondary window554 on the top of the stack is active, and the user can enter, edit, and view operating parameters in the active secondary window. The user clicks on the tab556 for any given secondary window to bring it to the top of the stack. In the illustrated example, there are four basal delivery programs and hence four secondary windows namedBasal 1554a,Basal 2554b,Basal 3554c, andBasal 4554d.

Each secondary window554 has abutton558, acheck box560, and atext field562 organized into asecond group box564 for setting program preferences. A table566 and agraph568 are organized into athird group box570 and are for naming, setting, and viewing the basal delivery rates. To activate a basal delivery program, the user sets thebutton558 by clicking on it. Any other basal program that was active becomes inactive and the button for the previously active basal delivery program is cleared. Additionally, an asterisk is placed in the tab556 for the active basal delivery program so that the user can easily identify the active basal delivery program if the secondary window554 for that basal delivery program is not on top of the stack. When the operating parameters for the basal delivery programs are downloaded to thepump100, the basal delivery program in which thebutton558 is set will become the active basal delivery program on thepump100.

To display the basal delivery program as a menu item in the Basal Program submenu318 (FIG. 13) on thepump100, the user sets thecheckbox560. When the operating parameters for the basal programs are downloaded to thepump100, the name for the basal program is displayed as a menu item in theBasal Program submenu318.

To customize the name of the basal delivery program, the user types the custom name into thetext field562. The custom name is assigned to the basal delivery program and appears in the tab556 for that program. Additionally, the custom name is the name downloaded into thepump100 and appears in theBasal Program submenu318, if thecheckbox560 is set. In an alternative embodiment, a spin box is associated with thetext field562. The spin box presents preprogrammed, optional names for the basal delivery programs that the user can select. The selected name would then replace the generic name (e.g.,Basal 1,Basal 2,Basal 3, andBasal 4 in the illustrated example) for the program associated with the display. Examples of optional names that might be loaded in thepump100 include weekday, weekend, sick, and monthly (which is to designate a basal delivery program set for a woman's menstrual cycle).

The basal rate table566 or grid has a plurality ofrows572 and each row has two

cells

574 and576. When a cell within the table566 has focus and the user presses the enter key or the tab key, the focus shifts to the next cell to the right. If the current cell is the last cell in the row, focus shifts to the first cell in the next row. If the user presses the enter key while the last cell in the last row is in focus, a new row is created. In this manner, the user can expand the length of the table572. If the user presses the enter key while the last cell of a row is in focus and there is no data in any cell within that row, the computer will delete the row. The one exception is the first row in the table, which cannot be deleted.

The first cell within a row is a start-time cell574, and the second cell within a row is a delivery-rate cell576. Each row corresponds to a different interval in the delivery protocol for the basal delivery program. To set the delivery protocol for a basal program, the user enters the start time for each delivery interval in the start-time cell574 and the delivery rate in the delivery-rate cell576. Thepump100 will then deliver at the set delivery rate beginning at the set start time and until the start time for the next delivery interval. In one possible embodiment, the start time for the first interval is 12:00 midnight and cannot be changed.

Accordingly, to set the delivery protocol for the basal delivery program, the user types the start time in the start-time cell574, hits the enter key and changes the focus to the delivery-rate cell576 to the right. The user then types in the delivery rate for that interval, hits the cell key, and changes the focus to the start-time cell in the next row (creating the row if the next row does not already exist). A new row will appear in which the user can enter the operating parameters for another delivery interval. The user continues this process until the operating parameters for all of the desired intervals are entered into the table.

In an alternative embodiment, when a cell has focus, a spin box having up and down buttons is presented in that cell. The user can either type a value into the spin box or spin through values until a desired value is visible in the spin box. When the cell and hence the spin box loses focus, the visible value from the spin box is entered into the corresponding cell and the spin box becomes invisible.

Thegraph568 provides a graphical illustration of the delivery rate for the basal delivery program over a 24-hour period. In one possible embodiment, thegraph568 is a bar chart illustrating the delivery rate in a resolution of 30 minutes. In the illustrated example,Basal 1 is set to deliver 2 units/hour from 12:00 midnight to 2:00 am, 2.5 units/hour from 2:00 am to 3:00 am, etc.

In one possible embodiment, thegraph568 is automatically updated as the user completes entering the start time and delivery rate for each delivery interval. Additionally, the total daily basal rate is displayed578, and is automatically calculated and updated as the user completes entering the start time and delivery rate for each delivery interval. Entry of data for an interval is complete when the user enters the start time and delivery rate for the interval and exits both the start-time cell574 and the delivery-rate cell576.

Thethird panel580 presents instructions to the user. In one possible embodiment, the user interface presents a help label582 (e.g., the question mark in the illustrated example) in each of the

group boxes

549,564, and570. When the user clicks on ahelp label582, instructions specific to the group box or other aspects of the user interface associated with the help label are presented in the third panel. Alternatively, the user can point to a particular aspect of the user interface and right click on the mouse to present field-specific instructions in the third panel.

FIG. 30B illustrates the secondprimary window544b, which is for setting the operating parameters of the meal bolus delivery programs. The meal bolus primary window includes two panels. Thefirst panel584 has apair buttons586, afirst spin box588, asecond spin box590, athird spin box592, afourth spin box594, afirst check box596, asecond check box598, athird check box600, and a meal bolus table602.

The pair ofbuttons586 and spin

boxes

588,590,592, and594 are present in afirst group box604, the

check boxes

596,598, and600 are presented in asecond group box606, and the table602 is present in athird group box608. The pair ofbuttons586 is for setting the meal bolus delivery program to use either units of insulin or grams of carbohydrates. The pair ofbuttons586 toggle between set and cleared states so that when one is set the other cleared. The user set the first button to program the meal bolus programs in units of insulin and sets the second button to program the meal bolus programs in grams of carbohydrates

Thefirst spin box588 is for setting the maximum bolus that thepump100 can deliver when executing the meal bolus program. Thesecond spin box590 is for setting the users carbohydrate ratio. Thethird spin box592 is for programming in units of insulin and is for setting the increments at which a user can spin through bolus amounts. Thefourth spin box594 is for programming in grams of carbohydrates and is for setting the increments at which a user can spin through grams of carbohydrates to be consumed in a meal.

When the user sets the first button for programming in units of insulin, thethird spin box592 is enabled, and the second590 and fourth594 spin boxes are disabled. When the user sets the second button for programming in grams of carbohydrates, the second590 and fourth594 spin boxes are enabled, and thethird spin box592 is disabled.

To enable the extended bolus program, the user sets thefirst check box596. To enable the combination bolus program, the user sets thesecond check box598. To enable the audio bolus function, the user sets thethird check box600.

The custom meal bolus table602 has a plurality ofrows610, each row has a plurality of cells. The user navigates through the meal bolus table602 using procedures substantially similar to that of the basal rate table. Also similar to the basal rate table, the custom meal bolus table602 can have various spin boxes that become visible when a cell has focus. The spin boxes are for entering values and pre-typed text into the cell with which it is associated.

Within the meal bolus table602, each row has seven cells. Thefirst cell612 has acheck box613. To enable the custom meal bolus defined by that row, the user sets thecheck box613. Thesecond cell614 has a text field in which the user types a name to identify the custom meal bolus defined by that row. An example includes pizza, when the operating parameters for the custom meal bolus are customized to deliver insulin for working against a meal of pizza. Other examples, might include breakfast, lunch, dinner, snack, or any other specific type of food, drink, or meal.

Thethird cell616 contain a text field for entering the type of custom meal bolus, whether it is a standard bolus, an extend bolus, or a combination bolus. In one possible embodiment, a spin box is presented in thethird cell616 when focus is placed on the cell. The user can then spin through the types of bolus (e.g., standard, extended, or combination) and set the desired type. Thefourth cell618 is a numeric field for entering the number of units to be delivered by the bolus program defined by that row. Thefifth cell620 is a time field in which the user enters the duration of the bolus delivery if the bolus program defined by that row is an extended bolus or a combination bolus. Thesixth cell622 is a numeric field in which the user enters the percent of the bolus to be delivered immediately if the bolus program defined by that row is a combination bolus.

Theseventh cell624 is a numeric field in which the user enters the carbohydrate ratio thepump100 is to use when calculating the bolus amount to deliver. Theseventh cell624 allows the user to enter a customized carbohydrate ratio independent of the value set in thesecond spin box590. For example, a user might use one carbohydrate for a custom meal bolus to be delivered before an early morning breakfast and a different carbohydrate ratio for a custom meal bolus to be delivered before an evening dinner or snack.

If the type of meal bolus set in the third cell (Type of Meal Bolus)616 is standard, the fifth cell (Duration)620 and sixth cell (% as Immediate)622 are disabled and cleared. If the type of meal bolus set in thethird cell616 is an extended bolus, thefifth cell620 is enabled and thesixth cell622 is disabled and cleared. If the type of meal bolus set in thethird cell616 is set as a combination bolus, the fifth620 and sixth622 cells are enabled.

Additionally, because a meal bolus delivery program execute operating parameters that are in either units of insulin or grams of carbohydrate, any givenrow610 in the meal bolus table602 can accept a value in either thefourth cell618 for units of insulin or theseventh cell624 for the carbohydrate ratio. If thefourth cell618 is populated with a value, theseventh cell624 is disabled. If theseventh cell624 is populated with a value, thefourth cell618 is disabled. In one possible embodiment, when the user sets the first button for programming in units of insulin, thecheck box613 is set in thefirst cell612 for eachrow610 in which there is a units of insulin value in thefourth cell618. Thecheck box613 in thefirst cell612 is cleared for eachrow610 in which there is a carbohydrate value in theseventh cell624. Similarly, when the user sets the second button for programming in grams of carbohydrates, thecheck box613 is set in thefirst cell612 for eachrow610 in which there is a carbohydrate value in theseventh cell624. Thecheck box613 in thefirst cell612 is cleared for eachrow610 in which there is a units of insulin value in thefourth cell618.

Thesecond panel626 in theprimary window544bfor the meal bolus delivery programs presents instructions. It operates in a manner substantially similar to the third,instruction panel580 in the firstprimary window544afor the basal rate delivery programs as described above.

FIG. 30C illustrates the thirdprimary window544c, which is for setting the operating parameters for the correction bolus delivery program. Theprimary window544ccontains two panels. Thefirst panel628 has buttons, check boxes, and spin boxes. Afirst group box630 in thefirst panel628 has first and

second check boxes

632 and634. To control thepump100 to make the correction bolus delivery program available through themain menu190 and to display a correction bolus menu item in themain menu190, thefirst check box632 is set. To make the correction bolus program available through the meal bolus delivery programs described above, thesecond check box634 is set.

A pair ofbuttons636 set the units for the operating parameters used by the correction bolus program. The pair ofbuttons636 toggle between set and cleared states so that when one is set the other is cleared. The first button is set to use mg/dL and the second button is set to use mmol/l. Afirst spin box638 is for setting the correction bolus factor. When thefirst spin box638 is in focus, the user spins through value until the desired correction factor is set. The pair ofbuttons636 and thefirst spin box638 are organized into asecond group box640.

Asecond spin box642 is for setting the duration of activity or action for the insulin. As discussed above, the duration of activity is the length of time that each bolus remains working in the user's body. To enter the duration of activity, the user spins through values in thesecond spin box642 until the desired value is set. Thesecond spin box642 is in athird group box644.

Thesecond panel646 in theprimary window544cfor the correction bolus delivery program presents instructions. It operates in a manner substantially similar to the third,instruction panel580 in the firstprimary window544afor the basal rate delivery programs as described above.

FIG. 30D illustrates the fourthprimary window544d, which is for setting operating parameters for the temporary rate programs. Theprimary window544dhas two panels. Thefirst panel648 has afirst check box650, asecond check box652, athird check box654, a pair ofbuttons656, a spin box658, and a temporary rate table660. Thefirst check box650 and pair ofbuttons656 are in afirst group box662. The second652 and third654 check boxes and the spin box658 are in asecond group box664. The table660 is in athird group box666.

The pair ofbuttons656 sets the temporary rate either as a percentage of the running basal rate or as a new temporary basal rate. The pair ofbuttons656 toggle between set and cleared states so that when one button is set the other button is cleared. The user sets the first button to set the temporary rate as a percent of the basal rate. The user sets the second button to set the temporary rate as a new, temporary basal rate.

To set a reminder so that thepump100 intermittently generates a reminder (audible and/or vibratory) while the temporary rate program is running, the user sets thesecond check box652. When thesecond check box652 is set, the spin box658 is enabled. The spin box658 is for setting the interval between reminders. The spin box658 is disabled when thesecond check box652 is cleared. To set thepump100 to generate a final reminder upon completion of the temporary rate, the user sets thethird check box654.

The temporary rate table660 has a plurality ofrows668, and eachrow668 contains a plurality of cells. The user navigates through the temporary rate table660 using procedures substantially similar to that of the basal rate table. Also similar to the basal rate table602, the temporary rate table660 can have various spin boxes that become visible when a cell has focus. The spin boxes are for entering values and pre-typed text into the cell with which it is associated.

Within the temporary rate table660, each row has six cells. Thefirst cell670 has acheck box672. To enable the temporary rate defined by that row, the user sets thecheck box672. Thesecond cell674 has a text field in which the user types a name to identify the temporary rate defined by that row. Examples might include exercise, 5-mile run, sick, evening, and the like. Thethird cell676 is a text field to set the temporary rate to be programmed as a percent of current basal rate or as a new rate. In one possible embodiment a spin is present in thethird cell676 when focus is place on the cell. The user can then spin box through the types of temporary rates (e.g., % of Basal or New Rate) and set the desired type.

Thefourth cell678 is for assigning the percentage of the running basal rate to set as the temporary rate. Thefifth cell680 is for setting a new rate for the temporary rate. When the user enters % of basal in thethird cell676, thefourth cell678 is enabled and thefifth cell680 is disabled. When the user enters New Rate in thethird cell676, thefourth cell678 is disabled, and thefifth cell680 is enabled. Thesixth cell682 is for setting the duration of the temporary rate.

Additionally, in one possible embodiment, when the user sets the first button to adjust the delivery rate as a percent of the basal rate, thecheck box672 is set in thefirst cell670 for eachrow668 in which there is a percentage in thefourth cell678. Thecheck box672 in thefirst cell670 is cleared for eachrow668 in which there is a delivery rate value in thefifth cell680. Similarly, when the user sets the second button to use a new delivery rate, thecheck box672 is set in thefirst cell670 for eachrow668 in which there is a delivery rate value in thefifth cell680. Thecheck box672 in thefirst cell670 is cleared for eachrow668 in which there is a percentage value in thefourth cell678.

Thesecond panel684 in theprimary window544dfor the temporary rate delivery programs presents instructions. It operates in a manner substantially similar to the third,instruction panel580 in the firstprimary window544afor the basal rate delivery programs as described above.

In addition to operating parameters, one possible embodiment of theuser interface542 also enables a user to view, edit, and enter other data, character strings, and settings that are loaded on theinsulin pump100.

For example,FIG. 30E illustrates the fifthprimary window544e, which is for setting the banner displayed in thehome page152 of thepump100.Primary window544eis in the stack ofprimary windows544. The fifthprimary window544eincludes two panels. Thefirst panel690 has afield check box692 and atext field694 mated to thecheckbox692. To enter text into thehome page152, the user sets thecheckbox692 and enters text (numbers and letters as desired) into thetext field694. If thepump100 includesmultiple home pages152 through which the user can scroll, an embodiment of theprimary window544eincludes acheckbox692 andmating text field694 for each of thehome pages152. The user can then designate certain text for aparticular home page152 by setting thecheckbox692 associated with thathome page152 and entering text into themating text field694. In an alternative embodiment, if the text in thetext field694 is too long to fit into one display, thepump100 automatically generatesmultiple home pages152 through which the user can scroll and divides the text from thetext field694 between themultiple home pages152. In another embodiment, similar text fields and associated checkboxes can be used to customize displays and messages for particular alarms, alerts, and reminders.

Thesecond panel696 in theprimary window544epresents instructions. It operates in a manner substantially similar to the third,instruction panel580 in the firstprimary window544afor the basal rate delivery programs as described above.

Yet other embodiments of theuser interface542 include various windows, buttons, checkboxes, spin boxes, and fields for setting other parameters used to operate thepump100. Examples of such other parameters that can be set through theuser interface542 include various format settings, alarms, reminders, operating limits, report formats, security settings, character strings, and indeed any other operating parameters, data, settings, and character strings that can be programmed into thepump100.

Referring toFIGS. 30A-30E, to download the operating parameters displayed in an activeprimary window544, the user clicks on thedownload button686. The operating parameters relating to the active primary windows are then downloaded into thepump100 over the communication link. Thepump100 returns the downloaded operating parameters to thecomputer534, which compares the returned operating parameters to the sent operating parameters. If the returned and sent operating parameters match, thecomputer534 sends a handshake signal to thepump100 and themicroprocessor102 maps each of the downloaded operating parameters to its designated memory addresses inRAM116 and saves the downloaded operating parameters inRAM116. If the returned and sent operating parameters do not match, thecomputer534 generates an error signal and sends the error signal to thepump100. Thepump100 then discards the downloaded operating parameters and preserves the preexisting operating parameters already stored inRAM116.

To upload operating parameters from thepump100 into the activeprimary window544, the user clicks the uploadbutton688. The profile settings inRAM116 that correspond to the activeprimary window544 are then retrieved fromRAM116 on thepump100 and are sent to thecomputer534. The uploaded operating parameters are then populated into the fields of the activeprimary window544, including all secondary windows554. To save the profile settings, the user clicks thesave button690. The profile settings that populate the activeprimary window544 then are saved in thestorage device538. In one possible embodiment, the name of the file that includes the saved data is the name of the pump user.

Furthermore, theuser interface542 can be used on thecomputer534 to program and managepumps100 for several different pump users. In one such embodiment, thecomputer534 is programmed with an initial interface that includes a text field in which the name of the pump user is entered either through the computer keyboard or through a spin box. Upon entering the name of the pump user, thecomputer534 populates the data saved for that pump user'spump100 into theuser interface542. In an alternative embodiment, thecomputer534 is loaded with a menu in which the name of each pump user having stored data is included as a menu item. Selecting the name/menu item causes thecomputer534 to populate theuser interface542 with data.

The various embodiments described above are provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize various modifications and changes that may be made to the present invention without following the example embodiments and applications illustrated and described herein, and without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.