US20040172132A1 - Apparatus and methods for treating spinal discs - Google Patents

Abstract

A band of biocompatible and/or bioabsorbable material is provided including threads on one or both of its ends. An area adjacent a spinal disc is accessed, and the band of material is wrapped around the disc to stabilize the disc and/or to facilitate healing. An elongate member is inserted around a posterior region of the disc, e.g., through tubular guide members. An end of the band is connected to a distal end of the elongate member, and the elongate member is pulled back around the disc to direct the band around the disc. The band is secured around the disc overlapping vertebrae adjacent the disc. Optionally, a relative location of the vertebrae is adjusted relative to the disc before wrapping the band around the disc, for example, using a fork member or traction. Energy may also be applied to the disc to enhance healing.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates generally to treatment of spinal discs, and more particularly to apparatus and methods for treating ruptured or degenerated spinal discs using a band of material wrapped around the spinal disc.[0001]
BACKGROUND
• Various apparatus and methods have been suggested for treating spinal discs when they rupture, degenerate, or otherwise become injured. For example, spinal fixation, i.e., fixing the vertebrae on either side of an injured disc relative to one another, is a commonly used treatment. This may involve inserting pedicle screws or other anchors into the vertebrae, and securing rods, wires, plates, and the like between the vertebrae, thereby substantially removing much of the forces acting on the disc during subsequent activity by the patient. In addition, the injured disc may be removed and a fixation system used to anchor the adjacent vertebrae, while the vertebrae are fused to one another. Such fixation and fusion procedures, however, may substantially impair free movement by the patient, because relative movement of the vertebrae is intentionally fixed.[0002]
• In addition to fixation, an injured disc may be completely removed and replaced with a prosthesis. Alternatively, a portion of a disc may be removed, and a prosthesis used to fill the resulting cavity, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,549,679 and 5,571,189, issued to Kuslich. In a further alternative, “hybrid” material may be implanted directly within a space created within a spinal disc, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,807, issued to Gan et al., rather than removing the entire disc.[0003]
• Accordingly, apparatus and methods for treating spinal discs would be considered useful.[0004]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention is directed to apparatus and methods for treating spinal discs, and more particularly to apparatus and methods for treating a ruptured or degenerated spinal disc using a band of material wrapped around the spinal disc.[0005]
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus is provided for treating a ruptured or degenerated spinal disc that includes a band of material. The band of material, which may be formed from biocompatible and/or bioabsorbable material, may have a length sufficient to wrap around an exterior of a spinal disc, and may have a width sufficient to cover a spinal disc and at least partially cover at least one vertebra adjacent the spinal disc. In addition, one or both ends of the band may include a connector, e.g., threads, clips, and the like, for securing the ends to one another or to another portion of the band.[0006]
• The band may include healing-promoting material coated thereon, impregnated therein or otherwise carried thereby. For example, an extra-cellular matrix material may be carried on at least one side of the band of material. Optionally, at least a portion of the band may be electrically conductive, and a source of electrical energy may be coupled to the electrically conductive portion of the band.[0007]
• Optionally, the apparatus may include an elongate member that includes a proximal end including a handle thereon, and a curved distal end including a connector element thereon. The band may include a first end that is releasably connectable to the connector element on the elongate member. In an exemplary embodiment, the connector element includes a hook on the distal end of the elongate member, and one end of the band includes an opening for receiving the hook therein.[0008]
• In addition, the apparatus may include a fork member including proximal and distal ends defining an axis therebetween. The distal end may include a pair of tines, each tine including a transverse portion extending generally parallel to one another transversely with respect to the axis. The transverse portion of each tine may include a tip and a heel disposed proximal to the tip. A length between the tip and the heel may be sufficient for engaging a first vertebra with the tip and pivotally engaging a second vertebra with the heel to adjust a distance between the first and second vertebrae.[0009]
• In another embodiment, the apparatus may include a guide member including a proximal end and a curved distal end having a radius of curvature corresponding substantially to an exterior perimeter of a spinal disc. The guide member generally includes a lumen extending between the proximal and distal ends, the lumen having a size for receiving the band of material therethrough. Preferably, the lumen through the guide member is a slot including a height greater than a width of the band, the slot preferably having a height that extends substantially perpendicularly to the radius of curvature of the distal end. More preferably, the apparatus includes a pair of such guide members that are opposite hand from one another.[0010]
• In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for treating a ruptured or degenerated spinal disc of a patient. Initially, an area adjacent an exterior of a spinal disc disposed between adjacent vertebrae is accessed. A band of material, such as that described above, may be wrapped around the disc to stabilize the disc in a desired position relative to surrounding anatomy. Preferably, the band engages at least one of the vertebrae when the band is wrapped around the disc to substantially secure the disc relative to the at least one of the vertebrae.[0011]
• In one embodiment, this may involve extending a distal end of an elongate member along a first lateral region of the disc around a posterior region of the disc to an opposite second lateral region of the disc. A first end of the band may be connected to the distal end of the elongate member, and the elongate member may be pulled back around the posterior region of the disc, thereby directing the first end of the band around the posterior region of the disc. At least one of the first end and a second end of the band may be secured to another portion of the band, thereby securing the band around the disc.[0012]
• In another embodiment, a tubular guide member may be inserted around a portion of the exterior of the disc, and the band may be inserted through the guide member to facilitate wrapping the band around a posterior region of the disc. Preferably, a pair of opposite-hand tubular guide members may be inserted around opposing lateral regions of the exterior of the disc. The band may be inserted directly through the guide members or may be directed through the guide members using an elongate member previously advanced through the guide members, which may be used to pull the band through the guide members.[0013]
• Optionally, a location of at least one of the vertebrae may be adjusted relative to the disc before wrapping the band around the disc. For example, at least one of the vertebrae may be engaged between tines of a fork member, and the tines may be manipulated between the vertebrae to increase a space between the vertebrae. Alternatively, the patient may be subjected to traction.[0014]
• If desired, an extra-cellular matrix material may be placed between the band and the disc, e.g., to promote healing of the disc. For example, one or more layers of extra-cellular matrix material may be carried on an interior surface of the band such that the extra-cellular matrix material is placed against the disc when the band is wrapped around the disc.[0015]
• In addition, energy may be applied to the disc to enhance healing of the disc. For example, at least a portion of the band may be electrically conductive, and a source of electrical energy may be coupled to the electrically conductive portion of the band. Electrical energy may be applied to the disc via the electrically conductive portion of the band, or alternatively, energy may be applied directly to the disc, e.g., using a separate energy device.[0016]
• In accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for treating a spinal region of a patient. An area adjacent an anterior region of a spinal disc may be accessed, for example, by creating an incision in a ligament surrounding the disc to access an exterior of the disc. An instrument may be inserted between the ligament and the exterior of the disc, e.g., through the incision, in order to access a posterior region of the disc. A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure may be performed that involves accessing the posterior region of the disc.[0017]
• For example, a tubular guide member may be inserted around a portion of the exterior of the disc, e.g., between the ligament and the disc until a distal end of the instrument is disposed adjacent the posterior region of the disc. One or more instruments may then be introduced through the tubular guide member to access the posterior region. For example, an imaging device, such as an endoscope, may be inserted through the guide member or directly between the ligament and the disc to the posterior region. The imaging device may be used to observe the posterior region and/or to otherwise assist in diagnosing a patient's condition.[0018]
• In addition to or instead of imaging, a therapeutic procedure may be performed at the posterior region of the disc. For example, a discectomy or other procedure may be performed that involves removing at least a portion of the disc from the posterior region, e.g., nucleus pulposus material that has leaked from within the disc. A therapeutic agent may be introduced into the posterior region or surrounding tissue to promote healing, pain relief, and the like. In addition, a band may be wrapped around the disc to stabilize the disc in a desired position relative to surrounding anatomy, as described above. In addition, tissue structures adjacent the posterior region of the disc, such as a facet joint or spinal cord, may be accessed from the posterior region to perform an intervention involving the accessed structure. Thus, the apparatus and methods of the present invention may provide a minimally invasive approach for accessing the posterior region of a spinal disc, while minimizing exposure of the disc and/or the spinal column adjacent the disc.[0019]
• Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from consideration of the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.[0020]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a system for treating spinal discs, in accordance with the present invention.[0021]
• FIGS. 2A-2D are perspective views of a portion of an exposed spinal column, showing a method for treating a spinal disc using the apparatus of FIG. 1.[0022]
• FIGS. 3A and 3B are side views of a spinal column, showing a band of material implanted to treat a spinal disc, in accordance with the present invention.[0023]
• FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views of a spinal disc, showing a method for treating the spinal disc using another embodiment of an apparatus, in accordance with the present invention.[0024]
• FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a spinal disc of FIG. 4A, taken along line[0025]5-5, and showing the anatomy surrounding the disc.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an[0026]apparatus10 for treating a spinal disc (not shown), in accordance with the present invention. Theapparatus10 generally includes agrasper12, and a band ofmaterial14 releasably connected to thegrasper12. Optionally, theapparatus10 may also include afork member16, as shown, for adjusting adjacent vertebrae (not shown).
• The band of[0027]material14 is an elongate panel of biocompatible material having first and second ends18,20 defining a length “L” therebetween and defining a width “W.” Preferably, the length “L” is sufficiently long such that theband14 may be wrapped around an exterior perimeter of a spinal disc (not shown) and theends18,20 overlapped or otherwise secured with one another. The width “W” may be sufficiently wide to cover an entire surface of a spinal disc, and preferably is sufficiently wide to cover a spinal disc and at least partially cover one or both vertebrae on either side of the spinal disc (not shown).
• The[0028]band14 may include one or more panels of substantially nonporous material, or alternatively, of porous material. In the exemplary embodiment shown, theband14 includes a pair of spaced apart strips orfilaments22 that extend between the first and second ends18,20.Webbing24, e.g., made from one or more fibers, extend between thestrips22. Thestrips22 and/or webbing may be formed from inelastic materials, or alternatively may be formed from elastic materials, which may enhance stabilization of a spinal disc about which theband14 is wrapped, as explained further below.
• In a preferred embodiment, at least a portion of the[0029]band14, and preferably all of theband14, is bioabsorbable, such that it may remain within a patient's body until absorbed through natural excretion. In addition, theband14 may include one or more healing-promoting materials within the band0.14 and/or otherwise carried by theband14. For example, an antibiotic, a steroid, an nsaid, an autologous therapeutics agent, e.g., a concentrated growth factor, or other therapeutic compounds, may be impregnated within or coated over thestrips22 and/orwebbing24. Alternatively, or in addition, theband14 may carry one or more layers of naturally occurring extra-cellular matrix material, such as intestinal submucosa, stomach submucosa, bladder submucosa, and the like, e.g., along one or both side surfaces of theband14.
• At least one of the first and second ends[0030]18,20 of theband14 may include a connector (not shown) for securing theends18,20 to another portion of theband14. For example, the first and second ends18,20 may be secured to one another for securing theband14 around a spinal disc. Preferably,threads26 extend from one or both ends18,20 for tying the ends18,20 to one another or to another portion of theband14. Alternatively, one or more clips (not shown) may be attached (or attachable) to one of theends18,20 that may be engaged with theband14 on or adjacent the other of theends18,20. In a further alternative, sutures or other threads (not shown) may be stitched between the first and second ends18,20 and/or elsewhere through theband14 to secure theband14 around a spinal disc.
• In an alternative embodiment, at least a portion of the band[0031]0.14 may be electrically conductive. For example, thestrips22 and/or thewebbing24 may include insulated electrically conductive pathways, e.g., wires, and/or electrically exposed areas, e.g., defining electrodes (not shown). A source of electrical energy, such a radio frequency (“RF”) generator (also not shown), may be coupled to the conductive pathways, e.g., by coupling the energy source to one or both ends18,20 of theband14. Alternatively, a separate device (not shown) may be provided that may be coupled to a source of energy, such as an RF generator, a laser, and the like, for applying energy directly to one or more regions of a spinal disc. The device may include a handle on one end and an electrode, lens, or other element on its other end for applying energy.
• Returning to FIG. 1, the[0032]grasper12 is an elongate member including aproximal end28 having a handle, and a curveddistal end30 having a hook orother connector element32 thereon. Thedistal end30 preferably terminates in a roundeddistal tip33 to facilitate substantially atraumatic insertion of the distal end between tissue structures. Thehook32 may be configured for releasably connecting one of theends18,20 of theband14 to thedistal end30 of thegrasper12. For example, thefirst end18 of theband14 may include a hole, slot, pocket, orother aperture34 for receiving thehook28 therein. Thegrasper12 may be formed from a substantially rigid biocompatible material, such as stainless steel, or may be semi-rigid such that thedistal end26 may be bent or otherwise formed based upon a specific anatomical situation, as explained further below. In a further alternative, thedistal end26 may be a flexible or semi-rigid wire that is biased to a predetermined curvature corresponding to an exterior perimeter of a spinal disc, but may be resiliently deflectable to other configurations, e.g., a substantially straight configuration, to facilitate insertion of thegrasper12 into a surgical site.
• The[0033]fork member16 includes proximal and distal ends34,36 defining anaxis38 therebetween. Thedistal end36 includes a pair oftines40 that include transverse portions that extend generally parallel to one another substantially transversely with respect to theaxis38. Thetunes40 may extend away from one another in a curved configuration that defines a space therebetween corresponding to a portion of a spinal disc. Preferably, each of thetines40 terminates in adistal tip42 and includes aheel44 disposed proximal to thetip42, e.g., at a base of the transverse portion of therespective tine40. A height “H” between thetips42 and theheels44 may be sufficiently long to facilitate engaging and/or manipulating adjacent vertebrae, as described further below.
• Turning to FIGS. 2A-2D,[0034]3A, and3B, theapparatus10 may be used to treat aspinal disc90 that has ruptured, become misaligned, and/or otherwise degenerated. Generally, thedisc90 is disposed between first andsecond vertebrae92,94 with aspinal cord96 disposed adjacent thevertebrae92,94. For simplification, only the body portions of thevertebrae92,94 are shown, and other surrounding tissue structures, including the spinous process and transverse process of the vertebrae, nerve bundles extending from the spinal cord, and the like, have been eliminated.
• Initially, the[0035]disc90 may be accessed using conventional surgical procedures. Preferably, a surgical field is opened adjacent an exterior perimeter of thedisc90 that is exposed from an anterior approach, i.e., from a chest side of the patient. An anterior approach may be particularly useful for accessing and treating discs between the cervical vertebrae, because of the minimal amount of intervening tissue between the skin and the spinal column. An anterior approach may also avoid having to work around the spinous process and transverse process portions of the vertebrae in order to gain access to thespinal disc90.
• A location of at least one of the[0036]vertebrae92,94 may be adjusted relative to thedisc90 and/or relative to the other of thevertebrae92,94, e.g., to allow adjustment of thedisc90 if it has slipped or otherwise become misaligned. For example, as shown in FIG. 2A, thefork member16 may be inserted around thedisc90, such that thetines38 straddle thedisc90. Thefork member16 may be adjusted until theheels42 engage thefirst vertebra92 and thetips40 engage thesecond vertebra94. Thefork member16 may then be pivoted with theheels42 against thefirst vertebra92 such that thetips40 move thesecond vertebra94 away from thefirst vertebra92 to increase a space between thevertebrae92,94, as shown in FIG. 2B.
• The[0037]fork member16 may then be stabilized, for example, manually or by securing theproximal end34 to a support, e.g., fixed to a surgical table (not shown). Alternatively, the patient may be subjected to traction in order to increase the spacing between and/or otherwise realign thevertebrae92,94, as is well known in the art. If desired, thedisc90 may be adjusted, aligned, or otherwise manipulated, e.g., to prevent thedisc90 from impinging upon thespinal cord96 or other nerves (not shown), and/or to create a channel around the perimeter of thedisc90. In addition, any nucleus pulposus (not shown) that has leaked through fissures in the annulus fibrosis of thedisc90 may be removed.
• Returning to FIG. 2B, the[0038]distal end30 of thegrasper12 may then be inserted around one lateral region of thedisc90 towards the posterior region of thedisc90, i.e., between thedisc90 and thespinal cord96. Because of the roundeddistal tip33, thedistal end30 may be advanced around thedisc90 substantially atraumatically until thedistal tip33 becomes accessible around the opposite lateral region of thedisc90.
• As shown in FIG. 2C, with the[0039]distal end30 of thegrasper12 accessible, thefirst end18 of theband14 may be connected to thedistal end30, for example, by receiving thehook32 through thehole34 in theband14. Thegrasper12 may then be pulled back around thedisc90, thereby directing thefirst end18 of theband14 around the posterior region of thedisc90, as shown in FIG. 2D.
• Once the[0040]band14 has been directed around the posterior region of thedisc90, thefork member16 may be removed, and theband14 secured tightly around thedisc90, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. To accomplish this, thefirst end18 of theband14 may be released from thegrasper12, and the first and second ends18,20 of theband14 may be secured to one another. For example, threads26 (not shown, see FIG. 1) on the first and second ends18,20 may be tied to one another. In this embodiment, the first and second ends18,20 may not overlap one another, but may end in close proximity to one another such that thethreads26 may be tied together. Alternatively, one of the first and second ends18,20 may be lapped over the other, and thethreads26 on the overlying end tied to an underlying portion of theband14. In a further alternative, one or more clips, sutures, or other mechanical fasteners (not shown) may be used to secure theends18,20 to one another or to another portion of theband14. In yet another alternative, an adhesive may be used to secure theends18,20, and/or mere frictional contact between the overlying end and the underlying portion may adequately secure theband14 around thedisc90.
• Preferably, the[0041]band14 is subjected to sufficient tension when it is wrapped around thedisc90 to stabilize thedisc90 and/or to secure thedisc90 relative to one or bothadjacent vertebrae92,94. To enhance this tension, all or a portion of theband14 may be formed from elastic material, such that theband14 may be stretched tightly around the exterior perimeter of thedisc90. If theband14 is formed from elastic material, it may also allow thefork member16 to be removed after theband14 has been secured around thedisc90.
• The[0042]band14 may be sufficiently wide to cover the width of the disc.90 Preferably, theband14 has a width “W” that is wider than thedisc90 such that theband14 overlaps one or bothadjacent vertebrae92,94, as shown in FIG. 3B. Thus, when theband14 is tightened, thedisc90 may also be secured in substantial alignment with theadjacent vertebrae92,94.
• In the embodiment shown, the[0043]band14 includes anopen webbing24, and consequently is porous. Thus, theband14 may merely provide structural support for theunderlying disc90, e.g., to stabilize thedisc90 relative to theadjacent vertebrae92,94. In addition, theband14 may compress thedisc90, consequently squeezing closed any fissures, holes, and the like that have occurred in the annulus fibrosis of thedisc90. Alternatively, theband14 may be formed from a substantially nonporous panel of material such that theband14 may substantially seal any fissures in thedisc90, thereby preventing nucleus pulposus material, and the like from leaking through the annulus fibrosis.
• In yet a further alternative, a substantially nonporous material (not shown) may be provided between the[0044]band14 and the exterior of thedisc90. For example, one or more layers of naturally occurring extra-cellular material, may be carried on an interior surface of theband14 such that the material may be placed between theband14 and thedisc90. In addition to sealing any fissures, such material may also promote healing, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively, or in addition, other materials that promote healing may be coated on and/or impregnated within theband14.
• If the[0045]band14 is formed from bioabsorbable material, theband14 may remain around thedisc90 until it is absorbed by the patient's body. Alternatively, theband14 may be merely biocompatible such that theband14 may remain within the patient's body indefinitely or until thedisc90 has sufficiently healed. In the latter example, a follow-up procedure may be performed to release theends18,20 of theband14 and pull theband14 around thedisc90 to remove it from the patient's body.
• In another embodiment, energy may be applied to the[0046]disc90 to enhance healing, to cause scarring, and/or to enhance sealing of fissures or other leaks in thedisc90. For example, as described above, at least a portion of theband14 may be electrically conductive. A source of electrical energy, e.g., an RF generator (not shown), may be coupled to the electrically conductive portion of theband14. Once theband14 is secured around thedisc90, electrical energy may be applied to the disc via the electrically conductive portion of theband14. The power of the electrical energy may be relatively low, e.g., merely to enhance healing of thedisc90. Alternatively, the power may be relatively high, thereby causing scarring of the annulus fibrosis of thedisc90, which may seal fissures through which nucleus pulposus may leak.
• Turning to FIGS. 4A, 4B, and[0047]5, another embodiment of an apparatus110 is shown for treating aspinal disc90. Generally, the apparatus110 includes agrasper12, and a band ofmaterial14 that are substantially identical to the embodiment described above. In addition, the apparatus110 includes a pair ofguide members150 for guiding thegrasper12 and/or theband14 around the posterior region of thedisc90. Optionally, the apparatus110 may also include a fork member (not shown), similar to the previous embodiment.
• Each[0048]guide member150 is a semi-rigid or substantially rigid tubular body including a slottedlumen152 extending between its proximal anddistal ends154,156. Theproximal end154 may be substantially straight, defining alongitudinal axis158, and may include an enlarged proximal opening157 (shown in FIG. 5). Thedistal end156 of theguide member150 may be curved, preferably having a radius of curvature similar to an exterior perimeter of thedisc90. Theguide member150 also has a cross-section including a height “h” (extending generally between the vertebrae adjacent the disc90) that is greater than its width “w” (extending away from the exterior surface of the disc90). Thus, theband14 may be received within thelumen152 such that the width “W” of theband14 is substantially less than the height “h” of theguide member150, thereby minimizing any folding or crumpling of theband14 within thelumen152. Thedistal end156 of theguide member150 terminates in adistal tip160 that is disposed transversely and preferably substantially perpendicular to theaxis158.
• It will be appreciated that the[0049]distal end30 of thegrasper12 has a shape that allows thedistal end30 to be directed easily through thelumens152 of theguide members150. For example, thedistal end30 of thegrasper12 may have a flat ribbon shape or may have a generally round shape that is small enough to be inserted through thelumens152.
• The apparatus[0050]110 may be used to treat aspinal disc90 that has ruptured, become misaligned, and/or otherwise degenerated, similar to the embodiment described above. Generally, thespinal disc90 is disposed between afirst vertebra92, best seen in FIG. 4B, and a second vertebra, which has been eliminated for clarification. The vertebrae includespinous process92aandtransverse process92bdefining avertebral foramen98, through which aspinal cord96 extends. Thedisc90 generally includes nucleus pulposus90asurrounded byannulus fibrosis90b, and is surrounded byligament100, which may surround the entire spinal column along its length.
• Initially, the[0051]disc90 may be accessed, preferably from an anterior approach. This may involve creatingincisions102 in theligament100 at locations corresponding to lateral regions of thedisc90. The distal ends156 of theguide members150 may be inserted through therespective incisions102 and advanced around an exterior surface of thedisc90 until thedistal tips160 are disposed opposite one another adjacent a posterior region of thedisc90. The distal ends156 may be sufficiently flexible to facilitate substantially atraumatic advancement of theguide members150 around thedisc90. Once the distal ends156 are fully inserted, the proximal ends154 of theguide members150 may extend proximally from theincisions102 generally parallel to one another.
• Optionally, a location of at least one of the vertebrae adjacent the[0052]disc90 may be adjusted, for example, using traction or a fork member (not shown), before inserting theguide members150, using a procedure similar to the embodiment described above.
• With particular reference to FIG. 4A, a[0053]distal end30 of thegrasper12 may be inserted into thelumen152 of a first of theguide members150 and advanced distally until thedistal end30 of thegrasper12 exits thedistal end156 of thefirst guide member150 adjacent the posterior region of thedisc90. Thegrasper12 may be manipulated further until thedistal end30 enters thelumen152 at thedistal end156 of thesecond guide member150, whereupon thegrasper12 may be advanced further until thedistal end30 exits theproximal end154 of thesecond guide member150.
• With the[0054]distal end30 of thegrasper12 accessible, thefirst end18 of theband14 may be connected to thedistal end30 of thegrasper12. Thegrasper12 may then be pulled back through theguide members150, thereby directing theband14 through thelumens152 of theguide members150 and around the posterior region of thedisc90, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 5. Once thefirst end18 of theband14 has been pulled out of theproximal end154 of thefirst guide member150, thefirst end18 of theband14 may be released from thedistal end30 of thegrasper12.
• The[0055]guide members150 may be withdrawn from theincisions102, leaving theband14 in place, as shown in FIG. 4B. Because of the slottedlumens152 of theguide members150, theband14 may extend completely across a height of thedisc90 and preferably at least partially covering one or bothadjacent vertebrae92. Theband14 may then be secured tightly around thedisc90, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. For example, the first and second ends18,20 of theband14 may be secured to one another by threads (not shown), similar to the embodiment described above. Optionally, if necessary, one or both ends18,20 of theband14 may be trimmed before tightening and securing theband14 around thedisc90.
• If desired, energy may be applied to the[0056]disc90 to enhance healing, to cause scarring, and/or to enhance sealing of fissures or other leaks in thedisc90. The energy may be applied directly to one or more regions of thedisc90 or may be applied via conductive regions of theband14, similar to the embodiment described above.
• If the[0057]band14 is formed from bioabsorbable material, theband14 may remain around thedisc90 until it is absorbed by the patient's body, similar to the embodiment described above. Alternatively, theband14 may be merely biocompatible, such that theband14 may remain within the patient's body indefinitely or until thedisc90 has sufficiently healed.
• The apparatus and methods of the present invention may be performed alone or in conjunction with other procedures used to treat a spinal disc. For example, a band of material may be secured around a spinal disc after performing a procedure within an interior of a spinal disc, such as those disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/828,039, filed Apr. 6, 2001, entitled “Apparatus and Methods for Treating Spinal Discs,” the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.[0058]
• In addition, one or more guide members in accordance with the present invention may be used to access a posterior region of a spinal disc in order to perform a diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure at the posterior region of the spinal disc. For example, an imaging device, such as an endoscope (not shown), may be inserted through the guide member to observe, monitor, or otherwise image the posterior region and/or surrounding tissue structures.[0059]
• A therapeutic procedure may be performed at the posterior region of the disc, e.g., following an imaging or diagnostic procedure or concurrently with imaging (e.g., with multiple instruments, not shown, being introduced through separate guide members). A discectomy or other procedure may be performed that involves removing at least a portion of the disc from the posterior region (not shown). For example, nucleus pulposus material that has leaked from within the disc may be removed. In addition or alternatively, a prosthesis may be implanted within the disc from the posterior region. A therapeutic agent may be introduced into the posterior region or surrounding tissue to promote healing, pain relief, and the like. In addition, a band may be wrapped around the disc to stabilize the disc in a desired position relative to surrounding anatomy, as described above.[0060]
• In addition, access to the posterior region of a spinal disc may be used to perform other interventions involving tissue structures adjacent to or surrounding the disc, such as the spinal cord or a spinal facet joint. Thus, instruments may be introduced between the disc and surrounding ligament, e.g., through the guide member, and directed to surrounding tissue structures in order to complete other procedures while minimizing exposure of a patient's spine.[0061]
• While the invention is susceptible to various modifications, and alternative forms, specific examples thereof have been shown in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not to be limited to the particular forms or methods disclosed, but to the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.[0062]

Claims (20)

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for treating a ruptured or degenerated spinal disc, comprising:

an elongate member comprising a proximal end including a handle thereon, and a curved distal end including a connector element thereon; and

a band of biocompatible material having a first end releasably connectable to the connector element on the elongate member, the band having a length sufficient to wrap around an exterior of a spinal disc.

2. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the connector element comprises a hook on the distal end of the elongate member.

3. The apparatus ofclaim 2, wherein the first end of the band comprises an opening for receiving the hook therein.

4. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the band has a width sufficient to cover a spinal disc and at least partially cover at least one vertebra adjacent the spinal disc.

5. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the band comprises healing-promoting material.

6. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising an extra-cellular matrix material on at least one side of the band.

7. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the band comprises a nonporous material.

8. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the band comprises a porous webbing.

9. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the band comprises bioabsorbable material.

10. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the band comprises a second end, the second end comprising a connector for securing the second end to another portion of the band for securing the band around a spinal disc.

11. The apparatus ofclaim 10, wherein the connector comprises one or more threads extending from the second end.

12. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein at least a portion of the band is electrically conductive.

13. The apparatus ofclaim 12, further comprising a source of electrical energy coupled to the electrically conductive portion of the band.

14. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising a fork member comprising proximal and distal ends defining an axis therebetween, the distal end comprising a pair of tines, each tine comprising a transverse portion extending generally parallel to one another transversely with respect to the axis.

15. The apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein the transverse portion of each tine comprises a tip and a heel disposed proximal to the tip, a length between the tip and the heel being sufficient for engaging a first vertebra with the tip and pivotally engaging a second vertebra with the heel to adjust a distance between the first and second vertebrae.

16. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising a guide member including a proximal end and a curved distal end having a radius of curvature corresponding substantially to an exterior perimeter of a spinal disc, the guide member comprising a lumen extending between the proximal and distal ends, the lumen having a size for receiving at least a portion of the band therethrough.

17. The apparatus ofclaim 16, wherein the lumen through the guide member comprises a slot including a height greater than a width of the band.

18. The apparatus ofclaim 17, wherein the proximal end of the guide member defines an axis, and wherein the distal end of the guide member terminates in a distal tip extending transversely with respect to the axis.

19. The apparatus ofclaim 17, wherein the height of the lumen extends substantially perpendicular to the radius of curvature of the distal end.

20. The apparatus ofclaim 1, further comprising a pair of opposite-hand guide members, each guide member comprising a proximal end and a curved distal end having a radius of curvature corresponding substantially to an exterior perimeter of a spinal disc, each guide member comprising a lumen extending between the proximal and distal ends, the lumen having a size for receiving at least a portion of the band therethrough.

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