US20040167381A1 - Personal computer card for collection of real-time biological data - Google Patents

Abstract

A real-time biological data processing PC card is lightweight, cost effective, and portable. The real-time biological data processing PC card is capable of converting a host personal computer system into a powerful diagnostic instrument. Each real-time biological data processing PC card is adapted to input and process biological data from one or more biological data sensors, and is interchangeable with other real-time biological data processing PC cards. A practitioner having three different real-time biological data processing PC cards, for example, each one corresponding to a different biological data collection device, effectively carries three full-sized, powerful diagnostic instruments. The full resources of a host personal computer can be utilized and converted into a powerful diagnostic instrument, for each biological data collection device, by the insertion of one of the real-time biological data processing PC cards.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
• This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/666,878, filed on Sep. 20, 2000, entitled PERSONAL COMPUTER CARD FOR COLLECTION OF REAL-TIME BIOLOGICAL DATA, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/173,059, filed on Oct. 15, 1998, entitled PERSONAL COMPUTER CARD FOR COLLECTION OF REAL-TIME BIOLOGICAL DATA, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/810,632, filed on Feb. 28, 1997, entitled PERSONAL COMPUTER CARD FOR COLLECTION OF REAL-TIME BIOLOGICAL DATA, all of which are commonly assigned and the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention[0002]
• The present invention relates generally to personal computer (PC) cards and, more particularly, to PC cards for use in combination with personal computers for collecting biological data on a real-time basis.[0003]
• 2. Description of Related Art[0004]
• The United States health care system is currently in the midst of a transformation away from specialized medicine toward a more cost-conscious, primary-care oriented system. Devices having cost-effective means for diagnosing and monitoring patients are expected to gain prominence in the market place. Many current data acquisition devices exist in the medical industry, but few, if any, of these devices are economical, extremely lightweight and portable, accurate, versatile, and interchangeable with other biological data collection devices.[0005]
• One prior art device, manufactured by the assignee of the present application, incorporates a diagnostic box which is adapted to interface; with a serial port of a personal computer. This diagnostic box is manufactured with a relatively expensive housing, having a size approximately equal to that of a book, an alternating current (AC) chord and power adapter, a serial port cable, a microprocessor, and other hardware elements.[0006]
• The diagnostic box allows a user to perform real-time spirometry operations, while harnessing the PC computer's display, keyboard, printer, and other items. The PC computer display instructs the user with selectable patient incentives, and user-customized reports can be generated. The display of the personal computer can be configured to display volume-versus-time and flow-versus-volume curves. Additionally, parameters such as maximum exhale volume, maximum inhale volume and maximum flow rate can be computed and displayed on the personal computer display.[0007]
• Data acquisition cards have existed in the prior art for transferring electrical signals from a data sensor through the data acquisition card and into a personal computer. These data acquisitions cards have been configured into Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) cards.[0008]
• Prior art data acquisition cards are often configured to measure potential signals ranging from zero to ten volts, and are often configured with twelve bit accuracy. A typical prior art data acquisition card may comprise a 30 pin connector and a cable, which is connected to a connector board. The connector board allows a user to hook up various signals thereto. In addition to the relatively high-voltage signal range (zero to ten volts), low-accuracy (e.g. twelve bits), extra hardware (30 pin connector, cable, and a connector board), and additional optional hardware, these prior art data acquisition cards are configured with a plurality of inputs and outputs and, further, are not adapted to convert a personal computer into a powerful biological data signal collecting, processing, and monitoring system.[0009]
• Prior art data acquisition cards are not adapted for performing spirometry collection and analysis, since these cards are not equipped with pressure transducers for converting pressure signals into electrical signals. Even if these prior art data acquisition cards were equipped with pressure transducers, the cards would not be equipped with high-precision low-voltage signal collection and conditioning circuitry. A prior art data acquisition card, additionally, would not be suitable for other biological data collection and processing purposes, such as Electrocardiography (ECG) biological data collection, since these prior art data acquisition cards are not equipped with any insulating means for insulating a patient from potential shock, which may be delivered from the data acquisition card to the patient.[0010]
• Another prior art device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,115 to Morgan et al. The Morgan et al. patent generally discloses a PCMCIA format card which is adapted to perform as a data storage device, similarly to a floppy disc storage device. The PCMCIA format cart of Morgan et al. is equipped with a real-time clock for providing time and date data to the host system, in order to synchronize the host system time with the time of which the data was actually acquired. The PCMCIA format card of Morgan et al. does not provide any means for real-time data collection and processing and, accordingly, is not suitable for converting a host PC computer into a real-time biological data signal collection, processing, and monitoring system. The system of the Morgan et al. patent requires a separate dedicated computer device for acquiring the data, and a separate personal computer device for processing the data at a later time.[0011]
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,546,432 to Thomson discloses a spirometer which includes control electronics located remotely from a hand-held housing. Communication between the hand-held housing, which includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and an amplifier, occurs through a cable. A dedicated microprocessor including a simple keyboard structured and adapted specifically to control the operation of a spirometer is included in the Thomson device. The handle-shaped housing of the Thomson patent is quite different from a PC card.[0012]
• A need exists in the prior art for real-time biological data signal collecting, processing, and monitoring systems, which are extremely lightweight and portable. The prior art has not introduced any cost-effective PC card, which is adapted to convert a host personal computer into any of a variety of real-time data collecting and processing systems.[0013]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The real-time biological data processing PC card of the present invention is very lightweight, cost effective, and portable. The real-time biological data processing PC card of the present invention is capable of converting a host personal computer system into a powerful diagnostic instrument. Each real-time biological data processing PC card is adapted to input and process biological data from one or more biological data sensors, and is interchangeable with other real-time biological data processing PC cards. A practitioner having three different real-time biological data processing PC cards, each one corresponding to a different biological data collection device, effectively carries three full-sized, powerful diagnostic instruments. The full resources of a host personal computer may be utilized and converted into a powerful diagnostic instrument, for each biological data collection device, by the insertion of one of the real-time biological data processing PC cards.[0014]
• A portable computer card for collecting biological data, according to the present invention, includes a pressure transducer adapted to receive an air pressure from an air tube and to convert the air pressure into an electrical signal. The portable computer card includes an analog-to-digital converter adapted to receive and digitize the electrical signal, and a portable computer card interface adapted to provide an interface between the portable computer card and a host microprocessor system. The portable computer card interface may comprise a PCMCIA card interface. An amplifier, which is adapted to receive and amplify the electrical signal from the pressure transducer, is disposed between the pressure transducer and the analog-to-digital converter. The amplified electrical signal is related to the air pressure. The portable computer card further includes a housing, which is adapted for holding the pressure transducer, the amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, and the portable computer card interface. A pressure input port is disposed on the housing. This pressure input port is in fluid communication with the pressure transducer and is adapted to receive an air pressure from an air tube. The portable computer card further includes a flexible air passageway, which is integrally connected to the housing, and which is adapted to supply an air pressure to the pressure input port.[0015]
• According to still another aspect of the present invention, a portable biological data collection device includes a portable computer card housing, a biological data receiver, signal conditioning circuitry, and a portable computer card interface. The biological data receiver is adapted to receive biological data and to output the biological data, and the signal conditioning circuitry is adapted to receive the biological data from the biological data receiver and to convert the biological data into digitized biological data. The portable computer card interface is disposed within the portable computer card housing, and is adapted to communicate with a host computer to relay the digitized biological data to the host computer on a real-time basis as the biological data is converted by the signal conditioning circuitry.[0016]
• The biological data receiver can be adapted to receive biological data from a pulse oximetry sensor, which is located externally of the portable biological data collection device. The biological data receiver can further be adapted to receive biological data from an ECG sensor. The biological data sensor is adapted to output low-amplitude signals on an order of one millivolt. The digitized data from the analog-to-digital converter preferably has a resolution greater than 12 bits and, preferably, has a resolution of 16 bits. The biological data sensor may further include a spirometer air tube.[0017]
• According to another aspect of the present invention, a host computer is configurable among a plurality of biological data collection device modes. The host computer includes a portable computer card slot adapted to receive a portable computer card therein, a portable computer card interface adapted to communicate with a portable computer card inserted into the portable computer card slot, a microprocessor, a data bus, and input means for receiving designation data from a portable computer card within the portable computer card slot. The portable computer card interface is adapted to receive digitized biological data from a portable computer card inserted into the portable computer card slot, and the input means is operatively connected to the microprocessor. The designation data is indicative of a type of digitized biological data from a portable computer card inserted into the portable computer card slot. The designation data may comprise either a first identifier for indicating that the digitized biological data should be interpreted by the microprocessor as spirometer-pressure data or a second identifier indicating that the digitized biological data should be interpreted by the microprocessor as pulse oximetry electrical data. The host computer includes configuration means for configuring the host computer into a real-time spirometer-pressure data collecting and analyzing device upon receipt of the first identifier, and for configuring the host computer into a real-time pulse oximetry electrical data collecting and analyzing device upon receipt of the second identifier. The host computer may also be configured into an ECG data collection device mode, upon receipt of a third identifier from the input means. Additionally, the host computer may be configured among various other biological data collection device modes, upon receipt of additional identifiers.[0018]
• According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a combination of a plurality of interchangeable biological data portable computer cards includes a spirometer portable computer card and a pulse oximetry portable computer card. The spirometer portable computer card and the pulse oximetry portable computer card are both insertable into a personal computer system, and are interchangeable. The spirometer portable computer card is adapted to convert the host computer into a spirometer data collecting and analyzing device, and the pulse oximetry portable computer card is adapted to convert the host computer into a pulse oximetry data collecting and analyzing device. The combination of interchangeable biological data portable computer cards may further include an ECG portable card, as well as other computer cards, each being adapted to convert the host personal computer into a different type of biological data collecting and analyzing device.[0019]
• According to another aspect of the present invention, a portable computer card for delivering biological data to a host computer includes a portable computer card housing, at least one conductor connected to the portable computer card housing, an amplifier operatively connected to the at least one conductor, a power source operatively connected to the amplifier, and insulating means for providing electrical insulation between the power source and the conductor. The conductor is adapted to collect biological data from a patient, and the amplifier is adapted to receive the biological data and to output an amplified signal. The insulating means may comprise an optical translator, and can be positioned between the conductor and the amplifier. The portable computer card further includes an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the amplified signal, and a portable computer card interface for providing a communication link between the portable computer card and a host personal computer system. The portable computer card interface is adapted to relay the digitized amplified signal to the host computer on a real-time basis, as biological data is collected from a patient. The power source comprises a conductor, which is adapted for receiving power from the host personal computer.[0020]
• The present invention, together with additional features and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.[0021]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 illustrates a real-time biological data processing PC card according to the present invention;[0022]
• FIG. 1[0023]aillustrates an end view of the real-time biological data processing PC card of FIG. 1, taken from the direction of theline1a-1a;
• FIG. 1[0024]billustrates a top planar view of the real-time biological data processing PC card, without the air tube connection;
• FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of the circuitry of the real-time biological data processing PC card and a host personal computer system, according to the present invention;[0025]
• FIG. 3 illustrates a host-personal computer system according to the present invention;[0026]
• FIG. 4 illustrates a real-time biological data processing PC card according to the present invention;[0027]
• FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic block diagram of the circuitry of the real-time biological data processing PC card according to the present invention;[0028]
• FIG. 6[0029]aillustrates a simplified perspective view of the main circuit board of the real-time biological data processing PC card according to the present invention;
• FIG. 6[0030]billustrates a pulse oximeter module circuit board according to the present invention;
• FIG. 7 illustrates an articulated finger clip sensor according to the present invention;[0031]
• FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis vitals data;[0032]
• FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis ventilator-operation data;[0033]
• FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis sleep-related data;[0034]
• FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis ECG data; and[0035]
• FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis carbon-dioxide detection data;[0036]
• FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis hydrogen detection data;[0037]
• FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis alcohol detection data;[0038]
• FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis sleep-related data including body motion and position and ECG;[0039]
• FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis sleep-related data including body motion and position, ECG, EOG and EMG;[0040]
• FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis blood pressure related data;[0041]
• FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis birth procedure related data;[0042]
• FIG. 19 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis blood glucose detection data;[0043]
• FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis blood cholesterol detection data;[0044]
• FIG. 21 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis blood arterial-blood-gas detection data;[0045]
• FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis oxygen detection data;[0046]
• FIG. 23 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis body composition data;[0047]
• FIG. 24 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis heart beat data;[0048]
• FIG. 25 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis ear-drum pressure data;[0049]
• FIG. 26 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis blood flow related data;[0050]
• FIG. 27 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis EEG related data;[0051]
• FIG. 28 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis biological data to a game set; and[0052]
• FIG. 29 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis biological data to a set-top box.[0053]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• Turning to FIG. 1, a real-time biological data[0054]processing PC card10 is illustrated having a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)format housing12 and apressure transducer housing14. Thepressure transducer housing14 preferably comprises apressure input port16, which is adapted to removably accommodate aflexible air passageway18. Adisposable spirometry mouthpiece21 is attached to one end of theflexible air passageway18, and a connector is attached to the other end of theflexible air passageway18. As presently embodied, the connector comprises a truncated, conical shape which is adapted for matingly fitting within thepressure input port16. After a user breaths into thedisposable spirometry mouthpiece21, theflexible air passageway18 and thedisposable spirometry mouthpiece21 may be removed from thepressure input port16, and discarded. In the below description and claims, the term “spirometry” is intended to encompass not only the general meaning of the word, but also to broadly encompass any other pulmonary function which can be detected by measuring air flow, pressure or volume.
• The[0055]PCMCIA format housing12 of the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 is preferably configured to conform with PCMCIA dimensional standards. As presently preferred, the PCMCIA format housing has a width of approximately 2.95 inches. ThePCMCIA format housing12 preferably comprises a length of approximately 3.40 inches. Thepressure transducer housing14, according to the presently preferred embodiment, has dimensions which are larger than PCMCIA conventions permit. As presently embodied, thepressure transducer housing14 comprises a height of approximately 1 inch. These enlarged dimensions of thepressure transducer housing14 facilitate placement of biological sensor circuitry, such as, for example, a pressure transducer.
• FIG. 1[0056]aillustrates an end view of the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10, taken from a view along theline1a-1aof FIG. 1, and FIG. 1billustrates a top-planar view of the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10. A hostpersonal computer27 comprises aPCMCIA format slot30, which is sized and dimensioned according to PCMCIA dimensional standards, in order to facilitate insertion of thePCMCIA format housing12 therein.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of components associated with the real-time biological data[0057]processing PC card10 and the hostpersonal computer27. The real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 comprises apressure sensor32, anamplifier34, an analog-to-digital converter36, an analog-to-digital timing circuit38, astorage buffer41, and aPCMCIA interface43. Theflexible air passageway18 connects thedisposable spirometry mouthpiece21 to thepressure sensor32, and aconductor path45 connects thepressure sensor32 to theamplifier34. Theamplifier34 is connected to the analog-to-digital converter36 via aconductor path47, and the analog-to-digital converter36 is connected to thestorage buffer41 via aconductor path50. Aconductor path52 connects the analog-to-digital converter36 to the analog-to-digital timing circuit38, and aconductor path54 connects the analog-to-digital timing circuit38 to thePCMCIA interface43. Thestorage buffer41 is connected to thePCMCIA interface43 via aconductor path51. Upon insertion of the real-time biological data processing PC card-10 into thePCMCIA format slot30, thePCMCIA interface43 is connected to aPCMCIA bus interface58 via abus61.
• The host[0058]personal computer27 comprises amicroprocessor61, a storage63, adisplay65, akeyboard67, and aPCMCIA interface70. The hostpersonal computer27, of course, may comprise other components which are not shown in FIG. 2. Themicroprocessor61 is connected to the storage63 via a bus72, and is connected to thekeyboard67 via abus74. Abus76 connects thedisplay65 to thebus74, and abus78 connects thedisplay65 to thekeyboard67. Themicroprocessor61 is connected to thePCMCIA interface70 via abus81, and thePCMCIA interface70 is connected to thePCMCIA bus interface58 via abus83.
• When the real-time biological data[0059]processing PC card10 and the hostpersonal computer27 are configured as shown in FIG. 2, communication between thedevices10 and27 can occur via standardized PCMCIA protocols. The PCMCIA Developer's Guide-2nd Edition, published by Sycard Technology in 1994, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference, discloses information on PCMCIA conventions and protocols.
• Although the embodiment of FIG. 2 is shown comprising a[0060]pressure sensor32 and adisposable spirometry mouthpiece21, any biological data sensor and/or associated components may be incorporated into the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 in accordance with the present invention.
• In one embodiment, each biological data sensor, having a different format of biological data, is configured in a separate real-time biological data processing PC card. The various real-time biological data processing PC cards are interchangeable, to thereby configure the host[0061]personal computer27 into various real-time biological data collecting and processing modes. Alternatively, a single real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 may be configured to accommodate one or more different types of biological data sensors. According to the present invention, various interchangeable real-time biological data processing PC cards can configure the hostpersonal computer27 into various collecting, processing, and monitoring modes, including spirometry, electrocardiography (including resting, 24-hour, stress testing, signal averaging, event ECG, and heart-rate variability), blood pressure, body temperature, electroencephalograhy (EEG), echocardiography, Doppler, pulse oximetry (SPO2), sleep analysis, tcPO2, tcPCO2, nitrogen dioxide, capnography, respiratory rate, pulse rate, polysomnography, carbon monoxide, gastroesophageal pH, hydrogen, nitric oxide, bio-impedance, glucometer, audiometry, plethysmograph, weight, electromyography, urometry, and tympanometry, for example. The term “bioimpedance” is intended to include the general meaning of the term “bio-impedance” and to also include body composition analysis, cardiac output or any other bio-impedance analysis. Other biological data may also be collected and processed by the hostpersonal computer27, after being configured by a corresponding real-time biological data processing PC card.
• The real-time biological data[0062]processing PC card10 shown in FIG. 2, which is adapted for configuring the hostpersonal computer27 for spirometry procedures, receives a pressure signal from themouth piece21. Thepressure sensor32, which preferably comprises a pressure transducer, converts the pressure signal into an electrical signal, which is amplified by theamplifier34. The analog-to-digital converter36, which is timed by the analog-to-digital timing circuit38, receives the amplified biological data from theamplifier34, and digitizes the biological data. The analog-to-digital timing circuit38 provides a timing signal, which facilitates sampling of the amplified biological data on theconductor path47. This digitized biological data is output onto theconductor path50. Thestorage buffer41 receives the digitized biological data, and outputs this digitized biological data onto aconductor path51, where the digitized biological data is made available to thePCMCIA interface43. Thestorage buffer41 preferably comprises a first in first out (FIFO) buffer, and may be omitted for simple configurations where buffering capabilities are not needed. The real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 further comprises control circuitry, and thePCMCIA interface43 preferably comprises input output (I/O) interface glue logic and an input output connector.
• Upon insertion of the real-time biological data[0063]processing PC card10 into thePCMCIA format slot30 of thehost computer27, themicroprocessor61, thePCMCIA interface70 of thehost computer27, and thePCMCIA interface43 of the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 begin communicating via established PCMCIA format conventions. Themicroprocessor61 determines the type of real-time biological data processing PC card which has been inserted into thePCMCIA format slot30. In the illustrated case of FIG. 2, designation data from thePCMCIA interface43 indicates to themicroprocessor61 that a spirometry-type real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 has been inserted. Designation data from thePCMCIA interface43 may, alternatively, identify the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 as being adapted for relaying oximetry, ECG, or other biological data to the hostpersonal computer27. As an alternative to, or in addition to, the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 2, a user may input designation data via thekeyboard67 or thedisplay65, indicating the type of real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 which has been inserted into thePCMCIA format slot30 of the hostpersonal computer27.
• After the host[0064]personal computer27 has “set up” the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10, the hostpersonal computer27 prompts, via thedisplay65, the user to begin the spirometry test. As presently embodied, multi-media devices, such as entertaining displays and sounds, are implemented by the hostpersonal computer27 in order to educate the patient on how to perform the biological data test. Thedisplay65 prompts the patient to begin the test, and coaches the patient during the test with, for example, entertaining incentives. This multi-media instructional system is configured to assist patients, especially in home disease management situations, helping asthmatics and cystic fibrosis patients, for example, comply with testing protocols. Additionally, the system of the present invention may reduce the need for skilled human interaction in order to achieve successful administration of the biological data tests.
• The biological data from the[0065]pressure sensor32, after being processed by theamplifier34 and the analog-to-digital converter36, is preferably immediately transferred from thePCMCIA interface43 of the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 to thePCMCIA interface70 of the hostpersonal computer27. The hostpersonal computer27, having received designation data indicating that the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 is a spirometry real-time biological data processing PC card, is configured to function as a complete spirometry data collecting, processing, and monitoring device. For example, a volume-versus-time wave form or a flow-versus-volume curve may be displayed on thedisplay65, indicating the real-time biological data received by thepressure sensor32. A number of other parameters, such as maximum exhale volume, maximum inhale volume, and maximum flow rate, to name a few, may also be shown on thedisplay65 of the hostpersonal computer27. This data also may be compiled and printed in a variety of analytical and comparative formats.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a host[0066]personal computer27, according to the presently preferred embodiment. The hostpersonal computer27 preferably comprises a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The hostpersonal computer27 may comprise any desktop of laptop computer, as well. When the hostpersonal computer27 comprises a personal digital assistant, as presently preferred, Windows® CE (Pegasus) software is preferably used. This software preferably operates on the Windows® CE operating system. Other commercially available software packages, or customized software packages, may be used with the present invention. Apointing device87, held by thehand90 of a user, may be used to input data into the hostpersonal computer27 via a touchsensitive display65. The hostpersonal computer27, having the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 of FIG. 1 inserted therein, is configured into a powerful diagnostic spirometry data collecting and analyzing instrument. Since the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 uses thekeyboard67,display65, storage63,microprocessor61, power supply (not shown), and data transmission and printing capabilities (not shown) of thehost computer system27, the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 itself is very inexpensive and rudimentary in design. Yet, the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 is very powerful. The software loaded within the hostpersonal computer27 is preferably configured to allow the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 to interface, via PCMCIA format, with any other of a variety of personal computers such as a desktop personal computer, or a notebook personal computer, for example.
• The host[0067]personal computer27 can transmit data via any conventional means, such as a serial port cable or a modem connection through an RJ11 phone plug. Data may be transmitted over the Internet, for example. In home disease management, for example, the hostpersonal computer27 can be configured to gather, process, and transmit additional information on the patient's medication, diet, symptoms, and other parameters. The combination of elements of the present invention thus provides a very portable, lightweight, and inexpensive means for diagnosing and monitoring patients.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a real-time biological data[0068]processing PC card10, having both adisposable spirometry mouthpiece21 and a pulseoximeter finger clip98. Like components are designated with like reference numbers. As with the embodiment of FIG. 1, thedisposable spirometry mouthpiece21 is connected to pressuretransducer housing14 via aflexible air passageway18 and apressure input port16. The pulseoximeter finger clip98 is connected to thepressure transducer housing14 via apulse oximeter cable101, which transitions into aconnector103.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of FIG. 4. Basically, data from a[0069]pulse oximeter sensor105, such as the pulse oximeter clip98 (FIG. 4), is fed to apulse oximeter module107 via aconductor path110. As presently embodied, an optical coupler is positioned between the pulseoximeter finger clip98 and a power source (not shown) connection of the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10, to thereby prevent a patient from being shocked therefrom. Data from thepulse oximeter module107 is then fed to thePCMCIA interface43 via aconductor path112. Thepulse oximeter module107 preferably comprises elements similar to theamplifier34, the analog-to-digital converter36, the analog-to-digital timing circuit38, and thestorage buffer41. The elements of thepulse oximeter module107 may be combined with or into theelements34,36,38,41 or, as presently embodied, maintained separately therefrom in thepulse oximeter module107.
• The host[0070]personal computer27 may receive on a real-time basis, process, and monitor spirometry data and pulse oximetry data, either separately or simultaneously. The designation data, in the illustrated embodiment, indicates to the hostpersonal computer27 that the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10 comprises both spirometry data and pulse oximetry data sensors. Thepressure sensor32 may alternatively be located on thedisposable spirometry mouthpiece21, as can theamplifier34, the analog-to-digital converter36, and the analog-to-digital timing circuitry38, or any combination thereof. Any or all of these elements, in addition to thestorage buffer41, may be positioned on either thedisposable spirometry mouthpiece21, thepulse oximeter sensor105, or the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10, or any combination thereof, or eliminated altogether. Since the present invention is not intended to be limited to PCMCIA interfaces43, any circuitry capable of forwarding an analog signal to a hostpersonal computer27 could reduce the need for components within the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10. Thepulse oximeter sensor105 and thepulse oximeter module107 may be manufactured by Nonin® Medical, Inc., located in Plymouth, Minn. According to one embodiment, thepulse oximeter sensor105 may be similar that in an 8600 portable pulse oximeter, manufactured by Nonin® Medical, Inc.
• FIG. 6[0071]aillustrates themain circuit board118 of the presently preferred embodiment, generally corresponding to the elements32-54 of FIG. 5. The main circuit board-118 is illustrated comprising a number ofIC chips121, apressure input port16, and apressure sensor32. A pulseoximetry module connector125 accommodates a pulseoximetry module connector127, which is illustrated in FIG. 6b; The pulseoximetry module connector127 of FIG. 6bis electrically connected to asupplemental circuit board130. Thesupplemental circuit board130 generally corresponds to thepulse oximeter module107 of FIG. 5.
• FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a pulse[0072]oximeter finger clip98 connected to ahand87 of a user. The pulseoximeter finger clip98 is connected to thesupplemental circuit board130 via apulse oximeter cable101.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data[0073]processing PC card10afor collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis vitals data. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, like elements are designated with like reference numerals followed by the letter “a.” Data from apulse oximeter sensor105ais fed to apulse oximeter module107avia aconductor path110a. As presently embodied, an optical coupler is positioned between a pulse oximeter finger clip (not shown) and a power source (not shown) connection of the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10a, to thereby prevent a patient from being shocked therefrom. Data from thepulse oximeter module107ais then fed to thePCMCIA interface43avia aconductor path112a. Thepulse oximeter module107amay comprise conventional circuitry for processing data from thepulse oximeter sensor105a, such as elements including an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an analog-to-digital timing circuit, and a storage buffer. The elements of thepulse oximeter module107amay be combined with or into the elements of thetemperature module201 and theblood pressure module203 or, as presently embodied, maintained separately therefrom in thepulse oximeter module107a.
• Data from a[0074]temperature sensor205, indicating a body temperature of a patient, is fed to thetemperature module201 via aconductor path207. Data from thetemperature module201 is then fed to thePCMCIA interface43avia aconductor path209. Thetemperature module201 may comprise conventional circuitry for processing data from thetemperature sensor205, such as elements including an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an analog-to-digital timing circuit, and a storage buffer. The elements of thetemperature module201 may be combined with or into the elements of thepulse oximeter module107aand/or the elements of theblood pressure module203 or, as presently embodied, maintained separately therefrom in thetemperature module201.
• Data from a[0075]blood pressure sensor211, indicating a blood pressure of a patient, is fed to theblood pressure module203 via aconductor path213. Data from theblood pressure module203 is then fed to thePCMCIA interface43avia aconductor path215. Theblood pressure sensor211 preferably comprises a cuff with microphones as is known in the art. Theblood pressure module203 may comprise conventional circuitry for processing data from theblood pressure sensor211, such as elements including an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, an analog-to-digital timing circuit, and a storage buffer. The elements of theblood pressure module203 may be combined with or into the elements of thepulse oximeter module107aand/or the elements of thetemperature module201 or, as presently embodied, maintained separately therefrom in theblood pressure module203.
• As presently embodied, a host[0076]personal computer27 receives on a real-time basis, processes, and monitors pulse oximetry data, body temperature data, and blood pressure data either separately, sequentially, or simultaneously. The designation data, in the presently preferred embodiment, indicates to the hostpersonal computer27 that the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10acomprises pulse oximetry data, temperature data and blood pressure data sensors. One or more of the components comprising thepulse oximeter module107a, thetemperature module201 and/or theblood pressure module203 may alternatively be located on therespective sensors105a,205,211.
• Turning to FIG. 9, a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis ventilator operation data is shown. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, like elements are designated with like reference numerals followed by the letter “b.” A[0077]pressure line220 andflow line222 are connected to monitor pressure and flow rate of a ventilator connected to a patient. The pressure line inputs pressure data from a hose of the ventilator to apressure sensor224 and, subsequently, to anamplifier226. Theflow line222 are input into thepressure sensors228 and theamplifier230. An analog-to-digital converter232 receives the signals from theamplifiers226 and230, and converts the signals to digital signals. The digital signals are forwarded to thePCMCIA interface43bvia astorage buffer236.
• The host[0078]personal computer27 receives on a real-time basis, processes and monitors the pressure and flow rate data from thesensors220 and222 either separately, sequentially or simultaneously. The designation data indicates to the hostpersonal computer27 that the real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10bcomprises pressure and flow rate data from a ventilator hose connected to a patient. One or more of the components of the PC card may be placed on thepressure line220 or thedifferential flow line222.
• FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis, sleep-related data. A[0079]chest band240 is placed around a patient's chest to measure the patient's respiration rate, for example. Sensors on thechest band240 measure movement of the patient's chest while the patient is sleeping for determining, for example, whether the patient is breathing through his or her nose and whether an obstruction is present. Data from sensors on thechest band240 is input into astrain gauge242 and subsequently amplified by anamplifier244. A nasal canula/thermistor246 measures breathing through a patient's nose, and the data therefrom is input into apressure sensor248 and subsequently amplified by theamplifier250. Apulse oximetry sensor253 measures the patient's pulse rate and/or blood-oxygen concentration. Data from thechest band240 and the nasal canula/thermistor246 is digitized by the analog-to-digital converter260 and passed to thePCMCIA interface43cvia astorage buffer263. Data from thepulse oximetry sensor253 is similarly passed to thePCMCIA interface43cafter being processed by anoximetry module266. The data from thechest band240, the nasal canula/thermistor246 and thepulse oximetry sensor253 is transferred to the hostpersonal computer27 on a real-time basis, either separately, sequentially of simultaneously.
• FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis ECG data. One to twelve[0080]leads275 are attached to a patient for inputting ECG data to adefibrillator protector277. Thedefibrillator protector277 accommodates operation of thePC card10dwhen the patient is defibrillated, as is known in the art.Conventional noise reduction279 andisolation281 components receive data from thepreamp283. Data from theisolation circuitry281 is input to a filter and analog-to-digital conversion module293 via anamplifier295. The ECG data is input into aPCMCIA interface43dvia astorage buffer297. Thenoise reducer279 may comprise, for example, a driven right leg and driven shield configuration, wherein an ECG signal from theleads275 is inverted and injected back into the patient's right leg to cancel noise. The driven shield comprises a similar mechanism for reducing noise as is known in the art.
• The[0081]PC card10dmay be configured to implement a signal averaging mode of ECG data collection, wherein a relatively high sampling rate of 2,000 to 3,000 samples per second is implemented, for example. The samples are subsequently averaged for providing additional resolution, compared to a slower sampling rate such as 250 samples per second. Moreover, instead of implementing one to twelve leads for feeding electrical signals from the patient to thePC card10d, a wireless embodiment may be implemented. In this embodiment, electrical signals from the patient are transmitted to a receiver on a PC card, for example. Processed data from the twelve leads275 is transferred from thePC card10dto the hostpersonal computer27 on a real-time basis in accordance with the present invention.
• Turning to FIG. 12, a[0082]PC card10efor collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis carbon dioxide detection data to a hostpersonal computer27 on a real-time basis is disclosed. Carbon dioxide in the breath of a patient is detected by a carbondioxide detection module312, after being input through amouthpiece314. FIG. 13 illustrates ahydrogen detection module317 within aPC card10f. A patient breathes into amouthpiece319. A reading on a detected amount of hydrogen is forwarded to thePC card27 via aPCMCIA interface43fof thePC card10fon a real-time basis. As shown in FIG. 14, a real-time biological dataprocessing PC card10gcollects breath from a user via amouthpiece322. An amount of alcohol in the user's breath is detected by analcohol detection module324, which sends digital data to thePCMCIA interface43gfor subsequent routing on a real-time basis to thepersonal computer27.
• A real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis sleep-related data including body motion and position, and ECG, is shown in FIG. 15. The apnea card circuitry generally corresponds to that disclosed in FIG. 10, and the[0083]PC card10hfurther comprises amicrophone module326 for receiving sound signals from amicrophone328 and forwarding digitized signals on a real-time basis to thePCMCIA interface43h. Alimb motion module331 inputs data frommotion sensors333. Data from the motion sensor orsensors333 is processed by thelimb motion module331 and forwarded on a real-time basis to thePCMCIA interface43h. Position data from aposition sensor336 is forwarded to thebody position module338, processed, and subsequently forwarded on a real-time basis to thePCMCIA interface43h. Themicrophone328 can be attached to a neck of a patient, for example, for providing information as to whether the patient is snoring. Themotion sensor333 may comprise an accelerometer, for example, and may be attached to a limb of a patient to determine limb and/or body motion. Theposition sensor336 may comprise a mercury switch, for example, and may be attached to a portion of a patient to determine whether the patient is lying on his or her stomach or back, for example. AnECG sensor341 may comprise one or two channels, for example, for inputting electrical information to theECG module343. Processed information from theECG module343 is subsequently forwarded on a real-time basis to thePCMCIA interface43h.
• The[0084]PC card10iof FIG. 16 is similar to that depicted in FIG. 15, with additional EEG, EOG, and EMG components. AnEEG sensor348, anEOG sensor350 and anEMG sensor352 forward signals detected on a patient to anEEG module354, anEOG module356, and anEMG module358, respectively, on a real-time basis. TheEEG module354, theEOG module356 and theEMG module358 forward processed data to thePCMCIA interface43ion a real-time basis and, subsequently, as with the other embodiments of the present invention, thePCMCIA interface43ipreferably forwards the real-time data to the hostpersonal computer27 on a real-time basis.
• Turning to FIG. 17, a real-time biological data[0085]processing PC card10jinputs blood pressure data from ablood pressure sensor370 on a real-time basis. The blood pressure sensor preferably comprises a blood pressure cuff with microphones. Ablood pressure module372 receives the data from thesensor370 and forwards processed digitized data on a real-time basis to thePCMCIA interface43j.
• FIG. 18 illustrates a real-time biological data processing PC card for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis birth procedure related data. A[0086]chest band380 comprises acontraction sensor382 and a fetusheart rate sensor384. Thecontraction sensor382 may comprises a pressure sensor, for example, which is adapted to be disposed on a woman's stomach via thechest band380, and the fetusheart rate sensor384 may comprise a microphone. An additional sensor (not shown) may also be incorporated for monitoring on a real-time basis the mother's heart rate. The additional sensor may comprise, for example, a pulse oximeter. Data from thecontraction sensor382 and the fetusheart rate sensor384 is input into the pressure sensors andamplifiers386,388,390,392. An analog-to-digital converter394 processes the information and outputs the information to thePCMCIA interface43kvia astorage buffer397.
• FIGS. 19, 20, and[0087]21 illustrate non-invasive blood compositiondetection PC cards10L,10mand10n, respectively, for collecting on a real-time basis biological data and forwarding the data on a real-time basis to a hostpersonal computer27. Theblood glucose module401 of thePC card10L inputs blood glucose data from a non-invasiveblood glucose sensor403 on a real-time basis. The non-invasiveblood glucose sensor403 may comprise any conventional means for measuring a blood glucose concentration of a patient, such as, for example, a patch adapted to be attached to a person's skin or an optical measuring apparatus. Ablood cholesterol module406 of thePC card10m(FIG. 20) inputs blood cholesterol data from a non-invasiveblood cholesterol sensor408. The non-invasiveblood cholesterol sensor408 may comprise any non-invasive blood-cholesterol measuring apparatus. The detection module411 (FIG. 21) of thePC card10nis adapted to receive a breath of a patient via amouthpiece413, and detect on a real-time basis gases including, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or carbon monoxide. Each of themodules401,406 and411 forwards processed sensor data on a real-time basis to the PCMCIA interfaces43L,43mand43n, respectively. FIG. 22 illustrates a PC card10ocomprising anoxygen detector415 for inputting breath from amouthpiece417 and forwarding processed data on a real-time basis to a PCMCIA interface43o.
• A real-time biological data processing PC card[0088]110pfor collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis body composition data is illustrated in FIG. 23. Afirst conductor422 and asecond conductor424 provide electrical resistance data on a real-time basis to the current source/electrical resistance module426, which subsequently forwards processed information to thePCMCIA interface43p. The current source/electricalresistance detection module426 in a preferred embodiment injects an electrical signal into a patient via thefirst conductor422, and uses thesecond detector424 to determine an electrical resistance of the patient. In modified embodiments, either the current source, the electrical resistance detector, or both, may be disposed within the hostpersonal computer27. Based upon the measured electrical resistance and the electrical signal injected into the patient, an estimate of a fat composition of the patient is generated and forwarded to thePCMCIA interface43pon a real-time basis.
• The[0089]PC card10qillustrated in FIG. 24 collects heartbeat information on a real-time basis from aheartbeat sensor430. The heartbeat information is processed via anamplifier434 and an analog-to-digital converter436, and is passed on a real-time basis to thePCMCIA interface43qvia astorage buffer438. The real-time heartbeat data can be monitored and manipulated on thepersonal computer27.
• The[0090]PC card10rof FIG. 25 inputs data on a real-time basis from anear probe440 into apressure sensor module443, which processes the data and subsequently outputs the processed data to thePCMCIA interface43ron a real-time basis. Theear probe440 may comprise a hand-held wand for placement into the ear of a patient. The hand-held wand may comprise mechanical means for measuring the eardrum pressure or, alternatively, may comprise optical means for measuring an eardrum pressure of the patient as is well known in the art.
• Turning to FIG. 26, a[0091]PC card10sinputs data from apencil probe450 into a Doppler shift bloodflow detection module455 on a real-time basis. Thepencil probe450 emits acoustical signals which are used for measuring blood flow as is known in the art. Information from thepencil probe450 is first processed by the Doppler shift bloodflow detection module455, and is subsequently forwarded on a real-time basis to thePCMCIA interface43sfor use by thepersonal computer27. The PC card lot in FIG. 27 inputs electrical information fromEEG sensors460 into anEEG module465 on a real-time basis. TheEEG module465 processes the electrical data and outputs the processed data to a PCMCIA interface43ton a real-time basis for use by thepersonal computer27.
• FIG. 28 illustrates a real-time biological data[0092]processing PC card501 connected to agame set503 for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis biological data to the game set503. The biological data is received on a real-time basis into thePC card501 from one ormore sensors505 and507. Agame control509 is connected to the game set503, and atelevision511 operates as a monitor. ThePC card501 can be configured similarly to any of the above-described PC cards of the present invention, with an exception of the interface for communicating with the game set.503. The game set503 may comprise a game set such as Nintendo® or Sega®. If the game set503 has a Windows CE operating system and a PCMCIA card slot, then thePC card501 may be virtually identical to any of the above-discussed PC cards of the present invention. If the game set503 does not have a PC card slot, then other housings and/or interfaces may be implemented with thePC card501 to facilitate proper real-time communication between thePC card501 and the game set503. One example, compact flash cards and compact flash card housings may be used. As another example, proprietary Nintendo® game set digital interfaces may be used with thePC card501. Thegame console509 may be connected to either the game set503 or thetelevision511, and may be linked by a conventional cord or by a wireless communication path.
• FIG. 29 illustrates a real-time biological data[0093]processing PC card521 for collecting and forwarding on a real-time basis biological data to a set-top box523. The set-top box523 is connected to atelevision525, which operates as a monitor, and is further connected to akeyboard527. Thekeyboard527 may be connected to either the set-top box523 or thetelevision525 via a conventional cable or a wireless communication path. In accordance with the illustrated embodiment, the set-top box523 comprises anInternet connection532 for facilitating real-time data transfer of biological data from thesensors535,537 to one or more receivers on the Internet. ThePC card521 andsensors535,537 may comprise any combination of PC cards and sensors discussed in any of the above embodiments. The set-top box523 can transmit biological data from thesensors535,537 on a real-time basis over the Internet to other users, such as a user at a doctor's office or hospital. Additionally, the set-top box523 can receive biological data on a real-time basis from other users via theInternet connection532. Information received from other users via theInternet connection532 can be displayed by the set-top box523 on thetelevision525, for example.
• Information can be transmitted and received through the[0094]Internet connection532 either on a real-time basis or, alternatively, at predetermined intervals. The set-top box523 may be configured to automatically dial out and establish an Internet connection, and to transmit or receive real-time biological data over the Internet, at predetermined or user-defined intervals. A patient can conduct tests using one or more sensors, such as thesensors535 and537, and at the same time or at a later time, transmit the data to a doctor via theInternet connection532. In addition to a set-top box523, Internet telephones, personal computers, wireless Internet computers, network computers or other Internet “appliances” capable of sending real-time data over the Internet may be used. In one embodiment, game sets may be used to transmit or receive the real-time biological data over the Internet.
• In modified configurations of the above-described embodiments, some or all of the circuitry and/or components for each of the modules on the personal computer cards can be placed within the host microprocessor system, so long as the card is able to input digital information to the host microprocessor system. Moreover, in other modified configurations circuitry and/or components for each of the modules on the personal computer cards can be placed on the biological data sensors themselves, in addition to or in the alternative to placement of the circuitry and/or components on the host microprocessor system. In embodiments where the signal or signals from the biological data sensor or sensors is simply digitized and forwarded to the host microprocessor system (personal computer, game set, set-top box, etc.) for subsequent processing and interpretation, the signal-conditioning circuitry can comprise the bare-essential elements, such as merely an analog-to-digital converter, for formatting the data from the biological data sensors and forwarding to the host microprocessor system.[0095]
• In embodiments wherein the host microprocessor system comprises a game set, for example, the personal computer card may have additional initializing data. This may be the case for embodiments wherein other types of host microprocessor systems are used, as well. In some embodiments, the host microprocessor system is loaded with initializing data and instructions, for example, before the personal computer card is loaded into the host microprocessor system. In other embodiments, substantial amounts of data and/or instructions are loaded into the host microprocessor system (or game set, set-top box, etc.) by the personal computer card at the time of insertion of the personal computer card into the host microprocessor system.[0096]
• In any of the above-described embodiments of the present invention, the personal computer card may comprise a PCMCIA-type card, a card having an interface which is adapted to communicate with a game set, a compact flash card, or any other type of portable card with an interface for transmitting data to a host microprocessor system. An example of a host microprocessor system adapted for accommodating compact flash cards is the Cassiopeia E-10, manufactured by Casio Computer Co. Ltd and described at http://www.casiohpc.com/indes.html.[0097]
• Although exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, many other changes, modifications and substitutions, in addition to those set forth in the above paragraphs, may be made by one having ordinary skill in the art without necessarily departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.[0098]

Claims (63)

1. A portable biological data collection system comprising:

a biological data sensor for engaging a patient for sensing biological data from the patient; and

a portable biological data collection device connected to the biological data sensor by a flexible connection, the portable biological data collection device comprising:

an amplifier for amplifying the sensed biological data from the biological data sensor to produce an amplified signal;

an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the amplified signal to produce a digitized signal; and

a personal computer card interface for relaying the digitized signal to a host computer on a real-time basis as the biological data is sensed by the biological data sensor, and for supplying electrical power from the host computer to the amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter.

2. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 1, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises a personal computer card housing, wherein the amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, and the personal computer card interface are disposed within the personal computer card housing.

3. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 2, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises:

an analog-to-digital timing circuit disposed within the personal computer card housing for communicating with the analog-to-digital converter for producing a sampling timing signal; and

a storage buffer disposed within the personal computer card housing for receiving the digitized signal from the analog-to-digital converter for outputing the digitized signal;

wherein the personal computer card interface supplies electrical power from the host computer to the analog-to-digital timing circuit and the storage buffer.

4. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 1, wherein the flexible connection comprises a hollow tube.

5. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 4, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises a personal computer card housing, wherein the amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, and the personal computer card interface are disposed within the personal computer card housing.

6. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 5, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises:

an analog-to-digital timing circuit disposed within the personal computer card housing for communicating with the analog-to-digital converter for producing a sampling timing signal; and

a storage buffer disposed within the personal computer card housing for receiving the digitized signal from the analog-to-digital converter for outputing the digitized signal;

wherein the personal computer card interface supplies electrical power from the host computer to the analog-to-digital timing circuit and the storage buffer.

7. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 4, wherein the biological data sensor comprises a gas composition sensor.

8. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 7, wherein the gas composition sensor comprises a breath composition sensor.

9. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 7, wherein the biological data sensor is selected from a group consisting of a nitrogen sensor, an oxygen sensor, a hydrogen sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, and an alcohol sensor.

10. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 4, wherein the biological data sensor comprises a mouthpiece.

11. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 4, wherein the biological data sensor is a non-invasive sensor.

12. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 4, wherein the biological data sensor is an invasive sensor.

13. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 1, wherein the flexible connection comprises an electrical connection.

14. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 13, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises a personal computer card housing, wherein the amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, and the personal computer card interface are disposed within the personal computer card housing.

15. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 14, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises:

an analog-to-digital timing circuit disposed within the personal computer card housing for communicating with the analog-to-digital converter for producing a sampling timing signal; and

a storage buffer disposed within the personal computer card housing for receiving the digitized signal from the analog-to-digital converter for outputing the digitized signal-,

wherein the personal computer card interface supplies electrical power from the host computer to the analog-to-digital timing circuit and the storage buffer.

16. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 13, wherein the biological data sensor comprises at least one microphone.

17. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 13, wherein the biological data sensor is selected from a group consisting of a pulse oximetry sensor, a temperature sensor, a blood pressure sensor, an electrocardiography sensor, an electroencephalograhy sensor, an echocardiography sensor, a Doppler sensor, a respiratory rate sensor, a pulse rate sensor, a bio-impedance sensor, a blood glucose sensor, a blood cholesterol sensor, a motion sensor, a sound sensor, a heart beat sensor, a weight sensor, an electromyography sensor, an electro-oculogram sensor, and a body fluid sensor.

18. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 17, wherein the electrocardiography sensor is selected from a group consisting of a resting electrocardiography sensor, a 24-hour electrocardiography sensor, a stress testing electrocardiography sensor, a signal averaging electrocardiography sensor, an event ECG electrocardiography sensor, and a heart-rate variability electrocardiography sensor.

19. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 13, wherein the biological data sensor is adapted to be in contact with skin of the patient.

20. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 19, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises electrical isolation circuitry disposed between the flexible connection and the amplifier for electrically isolating a patient from the electrical power.

21. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 19, wherein the biological data sensor is adapted to be in contact a fingertip of the patient.

22. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 13, wherein the biological data sensor is a non-invasive sensor.

23. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 13, wherein the biological data sensor is an invasive sensor.

24. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 1, wherein the personal computer card interface relays designation data to the host computer for allowing the host computer to identify the biological data to be collected.

25. A portable biological data collection system comprising:

a plurality of biological data sensors adapted to engage with a patient for sensing biological data from the patient; and

a portable biological data collection device connected to the biological data sensors by a plurality of flexible connections, the portable biological data collection device comprising:

an amplifier for amplifying the sensed biological data from the biological data sensors to produce amplified signals;

an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the amplified signals to produce digitized signals; and

a personal computer card interface for relaying the digitized signals to a host computer on a real-time basis as the biological data is sensed by the biological data sensors, and for supplying electrical power from the host computer to the amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter.

26. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 25, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises a personal computer card housing, wherein the amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, and the personal computer card interface are disposed within the personal computer card housing.

27. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 26, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises:

an analog-to-digital timing circuit disposed within the personal computer card housing for communicating with the analog-to-digital converter for producing a sampling timing signal; and

a storage buffer disposed within the personal computer card housing for receiving the digitized signals from the analog-to-digital converter for outputing the digitized signals;

wherein the personal computer card interface supplies electrical power from the host computer to the analog-to-digital timing circuit and the storage buffer.

28. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 26, wherein at least one of the plurality of flexible connections comprises a hollow tube.

29. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 26, wherein at least one of the plurality of flexible connections comprises an electrical connection.

30. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 25, wherein the personal computer card interface relays designation data to the host computer for allowing the host computer to identify the biological data to be collected for each of the plurality of biological data sensors.

31. A portable biological data collection device comprising:

a biological data sensor adapted to be placed into close proximity with a patient for sensing biological data from the patient;

an amplifier for amplifying the sensed biological data from the biological data sensor to produce an amplified signal;

an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the amplified signal to produce a digitized signal; and

a personal computer card interface for relaying the digitized signal to a host computer on a real-time basis as the biological data is sensed by the biological data sensor, and for supplying electrical power from the host computer to the amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter.

32. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 31 further comprising a personal computer card housing, wherein the amplifier, the analog-to-digital converter, and the personal computer card interface are disposed within the personal computer card housing.

33. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 31, wherein the amplifier is disposed on the biological data sensor.

34. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 33 further comprising a personal computer card housing, wherein the analog-to-digital converter, and the personal computer card interface are disposed within the personal computer card housing.

35. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 33, wherein the analog-to-digital converter is disposed on the biological data sensor.

36. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 35 further comprising a personal computer card housing, wherein the personal computer card interface is disposed within the personal computer card housing.

37. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 33 further comprising a filter disposed on the biological data sensor for filtering the amplified signals from the amplifier.

38. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 31 further comprising electrical isolation circuitry disposed on the biological data sensor for electrically isolating a patient from the electrical power.

39. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 31 further comprising a defibrillator protector disposed on the biological data sensor for providing electrical protection to the portable biological data collection device.

40. A portable biological data collection device comprising:

a sensor-connector end for connecting to a biological data sensor;

signal-conditioning circuitry for receiving biological data from the biological data sensor for producing a digitized signal; and

a computer-connector end for connecting to a host computer, the computer-connector end comprising a personal computer card interface for relaying the digitized signal to the host computer on a real-time basis as the biological data is sensed by the biological data sensor, and for supplying electrical power from the host computer to the signal-conditioning circuitry;

wherein the sensor-connector end is dimensionally larger than the computer-connector end.

41. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 40, wherein the sensor-connector end comprises a first housing, and wherein the computer-connector end comprises a second housing, the personal computer card interface being disposed within the second housing.

42. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 41, wherein the personal computer card interface comprises a PCMCIA interface, and wherein the second housing is a PCMCIA card housing.

43. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 41, wherein the personal computer card interface comprises a compact flash interface, and wherein the second housing is a compact flash card housing.

44. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 40, wherein the personal computer card interface relays designation data to the host computer for allowing the host computer to identify the biological data to be collected.

45. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 40, wherein the signal-conditioning circuitry comprises:

an amplifier for amplifying the sensed biological data from the biological data sensor to produce an amplified signal; and

an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the amplified signal to produce the digitized signal.

46. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 45, wherein the sensor-connector end comprises first housing, the amplifier being disposed within the first housing, and wherein the computer-connector end comprises a second housing, the personal computer card interface being disposed within the second housing.

47. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 45, wherein the signal-conditioning circuitry further comprises:

an analog-to-digital timing circuit adapted to communicate with the analog-to-digital converter for producing a sampling timing signal; and

a storage buffer adapted to receive the digitized signal from the analog-to-digital converter for outputing the digitized signal;

wherein the personal computer card interface is further adapted to supply electrical power from the host computer to the analog-to-digital timing circuit and the storage buffer.

48. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 47, wherein the sensor-connector end comprises a first housing, the amplifier being disposed within the first housing, and wherein the computer-connector end comprises a second housing, the personal computer card interface being disposed within the second housing.

49. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 45, wherein the personal computer card interface relays designation data to the host computer for allowing the host computer to identify the biological data to be collected.

50. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 40, wherein the computer-connector end is connectable to an external port of the host computer.

51. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 40, further comprising a plurality of stacked circuit boards disposed within the first end housing.

52. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 40, further comprising a flexible connection for connecting the sensor-connector end to the biological data sensor.

53. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 52, wherein the sensor-connector end comprises a first housing, the flexible connection being connected to the first housing, and wherein the computer-connector end comprises a second housing, the personal computer card interface being disposed within the second housing.

54. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 53, wherein the flexible connection comprises a hollow tube.

55. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 53, wherein the connection comprises an electrical connection.

56. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 52, wherein the personal computer card interface relays designation data to the host computer for allowing the host computer to identify the biological data to be collected.

57. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 40, further comprising a plurality of flexible connections for connecting the sensor-connector end to a plurality of biological data sensors.

58. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 57, wherein the sensor-connector end comprises a first housing, the flexible connections being connected to the first housing, and wherein the computer-connector end comprises a second housing, the personal computer card interface being disposed within the second housing.

59. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 58, wherein at least one of the plurality of flexible connections comprises a hollow tube.

60. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 58, wherein at least one of the plurality of flexible connections comprises an electrical connection.

61. The portable biological data collection device ofclaim 57, wherein the personal computer card interface relays designation data to the host computer for allowing the host computer to identify the biological data to be collected for each of the plurality of biological data sensors.

62. A portable biological data collection system comprising:

a biological data sensor for engaging a patient for sensing biological data from the patient; and

a portable biological data collection device for receiving the biological data from the biological data sensor, the portable biological data collection device comprising:

signal-conditioning circuitry for receiving the biological data and for producing a digitized signal; and

a personal computer card interface for relaying the digitized signal to a host computer on a real-time basis as the biological data is sensed by the biological data sensor, for supplying electrical power from the host computer to the amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter, and for relaying designation data to the host computer for allowing the host computer to identify the biological data to be collected.

63. The portable biological data collection system ofclaim 62, wherein the portable biological data collection device further comprises a personal computer card housing, wherein the signal-conditioning circuitry and the personal computer card interface are disposed within the personal computer card housing.

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