US20040153044A1 - Personal wear article having containment flaps - Google Patents

Abstract

An absorbent article has an inner layer, an outer layer and an absorbent body therebetween. A pair of containment flaps is secured to the inner layer in spaced relation with each other, with each flap having a first layer extending from a base to a distal end of the flap whereby the flap first layer has a lateral surface and a medial surface. A liquid permeable second layer is disposed in generally opposed relationship with the medial surface of the flap first layer and is free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste. A surge member is disposed within the surge chamber for taking in liquid waste received in the surge chamber and releasing the liquid waste to the absorbent body.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
• This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/003,970, filed Oct. 31, 2001, the entire text of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates to absorbent articles, such as those used as personal care products, and more particularly to such an absorbent article having containment flaps for improved containment of liquid body waste.[0002]
• Absorbent articles find widespread use as personal care products such as diapers, children's toilet training pants, adult incontinence garments, sanitary napkins and the like, as well as surgical bandages and sponges. These articles absorb and contain body waste and are often intended to be discarded after a limited period of use; i.e., the articles are not intended to be laundered or otherwise restored for reuse. Conventional absorbent articles comprise an absorbent body disposed between a liner adapted for contacting the wearer's skin and an outer cover for inhibiting liquid body waste absorbed by the absorbent body from leaking out of the article. The liner of the absorbent article is typically liquid permeable to permit liquid body waste to pass therethrough for absorption by the absorbent body.[0003]
• Desired performance objectives of these absorbent articles include little or no leakage from the article and a dry feel to the wearer. However, some available absorbent articles may fail to inhibit leakage, even where the total absorbent capacity of the absorbent body is unrealized. Leakage can result from an insufficient rate of liquid body waste passing through the liner of the article or from an insufficient rate of absorption by the absorbent body, especially upon the occurrence of a second or even third surge of liquid body waste. For example, in diapers and children's training pants, a surge of urine flowing laterally outward toward opposite edges of the article may not penetrate through the liner of the article or be absorbed by the absorbent body at a rate sufficient to prevent some of the urine from leaking out between the wearer's skin and the opposite edges of the article.[0004]
• One attempt to eliminate such leakage is the provision of a pair of longitudinally extending (e.g., front-to-back) containment flaps on the liner of the article. The containment flaps are typically spaced laterally from each other and positioned inward from the opposite edges of the article, particularly in the crotch area of diapers and training pants. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,382 discloses containment flaps for training pants in which the flaps each include a liquid permeable outer layer and a liquid impermeable inner layer. Elastic members are held between the outer and inner layers at the distal end of each flap to bias the flaps toward a generally upright position away from the liner of the article. The outer layer of the flap is folded over a small portion of the inner layer at the distal end of the flap to enclose the elastic members within the flap.[0005]
• These containment flaps are intended to provide a barrier against the laterally outward flow of liquid body waste toward the edges of the article. In practice, however, leakage may still occur if a surge of liquid waste is released by the wearer because the absorbent article may not absorb the liquid at a rate sufficient to avoid substantial outward flow against the flaps, which may result in flow over the containment flaps and subsequent leakage from the edges of the article.[0006]
• Therefore, despite the improved body waste containment obtained by providing conventional containment flaps, there continues to be a need for further improvements to inhibit leakage from absorbent articles resulting from surges of liquid body waste rushing laterally outward over the containment flaps.[0007]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• In one embodiment, an absorbent article of the present invention generally comprises an inner layer adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer wherein at least a portion of the inner layer is liquid permeable. An outer layer is in opposed relationship with the inner layer and an absorbent body is disposed between the inner layer and the outer layer of the article for absorbing liquid body waste. A pair of containment flaps is secured to the inner layer of the article in spaced relation with each other. Each flap has a base secured to the inner layer of the article and a distal end. At least a portion of the distal end is movable relative to the base to a position in which the distal end is spaced from the inner layer of the article. Each containment flap generally comprises a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of the flap wherein the flap first layer has a lateral surface and a medial surface. A liquid permeable second layer is disposed in generally opposed relationship with the medial surface of the flap first layer and is free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste. A surge member is disposed within the surge chamber for taking in liquid waste received in the surge chamber and releasing the liquid waste to the absorbent body.[0008]
• In another embodiment, an absorbent article of the present invention generally comprises an inner layer adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer wherein at least a portion of the inner layer is liquid permeable. An outer layer is in opposed relationship with the inner layer of the article and an absorbent body is disposed between the inner layer and the outer layer of the article for absorbing liquid body waste. A pair of containment flaps is secured to the inner layer of the article in spaced relation with each other, with each flap having a base secured to the inner layer of the article and a distal end. At least a portion of the distal end is movable relative to the base to a position in which the flap is spaced from the inner layer of the article. The containment flaps each comprise a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of the flap wherein the flap first layer has a lateral surface and a medial surface. A liquid permeable second layer at least partially surrounds the lateral and medial surfaces of the flap first layer. The flap second layer is free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste. A flow control member is disposed in the surge chamber for controlling the flow of liquid body waste received in the surge chamber.[0009]
• In yet another embodiment, an absorbent article of the present invention generally comprises an inner layer adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer wherein at least a portion of the inner layer is liquid permeable. An outer layer is in opposed relationship with the inner layer of the article and an absorbent body is disposed between the inner layer and the outer layer of the article for absorbing liquid body waste. A pair of containment flaps is secured to the inner layer of the article in spaced relation with each other, with each flap having a base secured to the inner layer of the article and a distal end. At least a portion of the distal end is movable relative to the base to a position in which the flap is spaced from the inner layer of the article. The containment flaps each comprise a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of the flap, wherein the flap first layer has a lateral surface and a medial surface. A liquid permeable second layer is in opposed relation with the medial surface of the flap first layer. The flap second layer is free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste. The liquid permeable portion of the inner layer of the article is interposed between the surge chamber and the absorbent body of the article. A flow control member is disposed within the surge chamber for controlling the flow of liquid body waste received in the surge chamber.[0010]
• In general an personal wear article according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a substrate adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer of the article, and a pair of containment flaps secured to the substrate for contiguous relationship with the wearer of the article. The containment flaps are in spaced relation with each other, with each flap having a base secured to the substrate and a distal end, at least a portion of which is movable relative to the base to a position in which the distal end is spaced from the substrate of the article. The containment flaps each comprise a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of the flap, wherein the flap first layer has a lateral surface and a medial surface. A liquid permeable second layer is disposed in generally opposed relationship with the medial surface of the flap first layer and is free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste. A surge member is disposed within the surge chamber for taking in liquid waste received in the surge chamber and subsequently releasing the liquid waste for transfer out of the surge chamber.[0011]
• Other aspects and features of this invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.[0012]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a perspective of a children's toilet training pants incorporating containment flaps;[0013]
• FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the training pants of FIG. 1 with the pants shown unfastened and unfolded;[0014]
• FIG. 3 is a fragmentary front elevation of training pants partially fitted on a child;[0015]
• FIG. 4 is a separated cross-section of the training pants of FIG. 1 taken laterally through an anterior region of the pants;[0016]
• FIG. 5 is a separated cross-section similar to that of FIG. 4 showing a second embodiment of the containment flaps;[0017]
• FIG. 6 is a separated cross-section similar to that of FIG. 4 showing a third embodiment of the containment flaps;[0018]
• FIG. 7 is a separated cross-section similar to that of FIG. 6 with an alternative flow control member disposed within each containment flap;[0019]
• FIG. 8 is a separated cross-section similar to that of FIG. 5 showing a fourth embodiment of the containment flaps; and[0020]
• FIG. 9 is a separated cross-section similar to that of FIG. 8 with an alternative flow control member disposed within each containment flap.[0021]
• Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.[0022]
• Definitions[0023]
• Within the context of this specification, each term or phrase below will include the following meaning or meanings:[0024]
• (a) “Bonded” refers to the joining, adhering, connecting, attaching, or the like, of two elements. Two elements will be considered to be bonded together when they are bonded directly to one another or indirectly to one another, such as when each is directly bonded to intermediate elements.[0025]
• (b) “Film” refers to a thermoplastic film made using a film extrusion and/or foaming process, such as a cast film or blown film extrusion process. The term includes apertured films, slit films, and other porous films which constitute liquid transfer films, as well as films which do not transfer liquid.[0026]
• (c) “Hydrophilic” describes fibers or the surfaces of fibers which are wetted by the aqueous liquids in contact with the fibers. The degree of wetting of the materials can, in turn, be described in terms of the contact angles and the surface tensions of the liquids and materials involved. Equipment and techniques suitable for measuring the wettability of particular fiber materials or blends of fiber materials can be provided by a Cahn SFA-222 Surface Force Analyzer System, or a substantially equivalent system. When measured with this system, fibers having contact angles less than 90 are designated “wettable” or hydrophilic, while fibers having contact angles greater than[0027]90 are designated “nonwettable” or hydrophobic.
• (d) “Layer” when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of a single element or a plurality of elements.[0028]
• (e) “Liquid impermeable,” when used in describing a layer or multi-layer laminate means that liquid body waste, such as urine, will not pass through the layer or laminate, under ordinary use conditions, in a direction generally perpendicular to the plane of the layer or laminate at the point of liquid contact. Liquid body waste may spread or be transported parallel to the plane of the liquid impermeable layer or laminate, but this is not considered to be within the meaning of “liquid impermeable” when used herein.[0029]
• (f) “Liquid permeable” refers to any material present in one or more layers which is not liquid impermeable.[0030]
• (g) “Meltblown” refers to fibers formed by extruding a molten thermoplastic material through a plurality of fine, usually circular, die capillaries as molten threads or filaments into converging high velocity heated gas (e.g., air) streams which attenuate the filaments of molten thermoplastic material to reduce their diameter, which may be to microfiber diameter. Thereafter, the meltblown fibers are carried by the high velocity gas stream and are deposited on a collecting surface to form a web of randomly dispersed meltblown fibers. Such a process is disclosed for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,849,241 to Butin et al. Meltblown fibers are microfibers which may be continuous or discontinuous, are generally smaller than about 0.6 denier, and are generally self bonding when deposited onto a collecting surface. Meltblown fibers used in the present invention are preferably substantially continuous in length.[0031]
• (h) Non-woven” and “non-woven web” refer to materials and webs of material which are formed without the aid of a textile weaving or knitting process.[0032]
• (i) “Pliable” refers to materials which are compliant and which will readily conform to the general shape and contours of the wearer's body.[0033]
• (j) “Spunbond” refers to small diameter fibers which are formed by extruding molten thermoplastic material as filaments from a plurality of fine capillaries of a spinnerette having a circular or other configuration, with the diameter of the extruded filaments then being rapidly reduced as by, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,563 to Appel et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,618 to Dorschner et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,817 to Matsuki et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,338,992 and 3,341,394 to Kinney, U.S. Pat. No. 3,502,763 to Hartmann, U.S. Pat. No. 3,502,538 to Peterson, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,542,615 to Dobo et al., each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. Spunbond fibers are generally continuous and often have average deniers larger than about 0.3, more particularly, between about 0.6 and about 10.[0034]
• (k) “Superabsorbent” refers to a water-swellable, water-insoluble organic or inorganic material capable, under the most favorable conditions, of absorbing at least about 15 times its weight and, more desirably, at least about 30 times its weight in an aqueous solution containing 0.9 weight percent sodium chloride. The superabsorbent materials can be natural, synthetic and modified natural polymers and materials. In addition, the superabsorbent materials can be inorganic materials, such as silica gels, or organic compounds such as cross-linked polymers.[0035]
• (l) “Surface” includes any layer, film, woven, nonwoven, laminate, composite, or the like, whether pervious or impervious to air, gas, and/or liquids.[0036]
• (m) “Surge Layer” or “surge member” refers to a layer or member typically comprised of nonwoven materials that can absorb a large stream or gush of liquid and release it slowly into another layer or layers.[0037]
• (n) “Thermoplastic” describes a material that softens when exposed to heat and which substantially returns to a non-softened condition when cooled to room temperature.[0038]
• (o) “Three dimensional” refers to a garment similar to underwear, shorts or pants in that it has continuous leg and waist openings that are bounded by material of which the garment is made. The garment may or may not have manually tearable or refastenable seams.[0039]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Referring now to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1, an absorbent article in the form of children's toilet training pants is indicated in its entirety by the[0040]reference numeral21 and incorporates containment flaps, generally indicated at23, of the present invention for inhibiting leakage of liquid body waste, such as urine, from the training pants. The absorbent article is suitable for placement against or in proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and/or retain various liquid waste discharged from the body. The absorbent article may or may not be disposable, which refers to articles that are intended to be discarded after a limited period of use instead of being laundered or otherwise restored for reuse. While the containment flaps23 of the present invention are shown and described herein in connection with children's toilet training pants, it is understood that the containment flaps may be incorporated into various other absorbent articles, such as diapers, adult incontinence garments, sanitary napkins and the like, surgical bandages and sponges, and in other articles in which the contaiment flaps are secured to a substrate for contiguous relationship with a wearer of the article, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
• By way of illustration only, various materials and methods for constructing the training pants[0041]21 are disclosed in PCT Patent Application WO 00/37009 published Jun. 29, 2000 by A. Fletcher et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,464 issued Jul. 10, 1990 to Van Gompel et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,389 issued Jun. 16, 1998 to Brandon et al., which are incorporated herein by reference.
• The training pants[0042]21 of the illustrated embodiment generally comprise a centralabsorbent assembly25 extending longitudinally from ananterior side27 of the training pants through acrotch region29 to aposterior side30 of the training pants. As seen best in FIG. 2, the centralabsorbent assembly25 is generally rectangular, and more particularly it is slightly hourglass-shaped, and has laterally, or transversely opposite side edges32 and longitudinally opposite front and rear waist edges respectively designated34 and36. Front andrear side panels31,38 are secured to the centralabsorbent assembly25 as will be described later herein and extend laterally outward therefrom respectively at the anterior andposterior sides27,30 of the training pants21. To form the three-dimensional training pants21, adjacent front andrear side panels31,38 (e.g., one extending from theanterior side27 and one extending from theposterior side30 on the same right or left side of the pants) are refastenably secured together, usingfastening assemblies40, along generally vertical seams33 (FIG. 3). It is understood that the front andrear side panels31,38 may instead be permanently secured together, such as by ultrasonic bonding. Securing theside panels31,38 together defines acentral waist opening35 and a pair ofleg openings37 of the training pants21.
• With reference to FIG. 3, the training pants[0043]21 are worn by inserting the wearer's feet through thewaist opening35 and therespective leg openings37; grasping the training pants near the waist opening; and then pulling the pants up along the wearer's legs until thecrotch region29 of the training pants fits snugly against the crotch of the wearer. The training pants21 are illustrated in FIG. 3 as being only partially fitted on the child (i.e., the training pants are pulled less than fully up to the crotch) to better illustrate the containment flaps23 of the present invention, it being understood that the flaps will actually bend or fold along their length when the pants are pulled fully up to the crotch of the wearer. An inner layer, generally indicated at39, of thetraining pant21 faces the skin of the wearer and is adapted for contiguity (e.g., contact or closely spaced relation) with the wearer's skin upon fitting of the training pants on the wearer. The training pants21 also have an outer layer, generally indicated at41, facing away from the wearer's skin.
• Now referring to FIG. 4, the central[0044]absorbent assembly25 of the training pants21 comprises an outer cover, generally indicated at43, abodyside liner45 and anabsorbent body47 disposed between the outer cover and the liner. Theouter cover43 can be elastic, stretchable or non-stretchable and is desirably a multi-layered laminate structure of which at least one of the layers is liquid impermeable. For example, theouter cover43 of the illustrated embodiment is of two-layer construction, including anouter layer49 constructed of a liquid permeable material and aninner layer51 constructed of a liquid impermeable material joined together by alaminate adhesive53. Suitable laminate adhesives, which can be applied continuously or intermittently as beads, a spray, parallel swirls, or the like, can be obtained from Findley Adhesives, Inc., of Wauwatosa, Wis., U.S.A., or from National Starch and Chemical Company, Bridgewater, N.J., U.S.A. It is understood that theouter cover43 may alternatively be constructed of a single layer of liquid impermeable material without departing from the scope of this invention.
• The liquid permeable[0045]outer layer49 of theouter cover43 can be any suitable material and is desirably one that provides a generally cloth-like texture. One example of such a material is a 20 gsm (grams per square meter) spunbond polypropylene nonwoven web. Theouter layer49 may also be made of those materials from which thebodyside liner45 is constructed as discussed later herein. Also, while it is not a necessity for theouter layer49 to be liquid permeable, it is desired that it provide a relatively cloth-like texture to the wearer.
• The[0046]inner layer51 of theouter cover43 can be both liquid and vapor impermeable, or it can be liquid impermeable and vapor permeable. Theinner layer51 is desirably manufactured from a thin plastic film, although other flexible liquid impermeable materials may also be used. The liquid impermeable inner layer51 (or the liquid impermeableouter cover43 when the outer cover is constructed of a single layer) inhibits waste material against wetting articles, such as bed sheets and clothing, as well as the wearer and care giver. A suitable liquid impermeable film for such use is a 0.02 millimeter thick polyethylene film commercially available from Huntsman Packaging of Newport News, Va., U.S.A.
• Where the[0047]outer cover43 is constructed of a single layer of material, it can be embossed and/or matte finished to provide a more cloth-like appearance. As earlier mentioned, the liquid impermeable material can permit vapors to escape from the interior of the disposable absorbent article, while still preventing liquids from passing through theouter cover43. A suitable “breathable” material is composed of a microporous polymer film or a nonwoven fabric that has been coated or otherwise treated to impart a desired level of liquid impermeability. A suitable microporous film is a PMP-1 film material commercially available from Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, or an XKO-8044 polyolefin film commercially available from 3M Company, Minneapolis, Minn.
• Leg[0048]elastic members55 are secured between the outer andinner layers49,51 of theouter cover43, such as by being bonded therebetween by thelaminate adhesive53, generally adjacent laterallyouter edges56 of the inner layer of the outer cover. However, the legelastic members55 may instead be disposed between theouter cover43 and thebodyside liner45 and remain within the scope of this invention. In such a design, the leg elastic members can be bonded to theouter cover43 and/or thebodyside liner45.
• A wide variety of elastic materials may be used for the leg[0049]elastic members55. As is well known to those skilled in the art, suitable elastic materials include sheets, strands or ribbons of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or thermoplastic elastomeric polymers. The elastic materials can be stretched and adhered to a substrate, adhered to a gathered substrate, or adhered to a substrate and then elasticized or shrunk, for example with the application of heat, such that elastic retractive forces are imparted to the substrate. For example, one suitable elastic material is a dry-spun coalesced multifilament spandex elastomeric thread sold under the trade name LYCRA® and available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del., U.S.A.
• The[0050]absorbent body47 of the illustrated embodiment is somewhat rectangular and is desirably constructed to be generally compressible, pliable, non-irritating to the wearer's skin and capable of absorbing and retaining liquid body waste, such as urine. Theabsorbent body47 can be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes and shapes, and from a variety of liquid absorbent materials commonly used in the art. For example, theabsorbent body47 can suitably include a matrix of hydrophilic fibers, such as a web of cellulosic fluff, mixed with particles of a high-absorbency material commonly known as superabsorbent material. More particularly, theabsorbent body47 of the illustrated embodiment includes a matrix of cellulosic fluff, such as wood pulp fluff, and superabsorbent hydrogel-forming particles. One suitable type of wood pulp fluff is identified with the trade designation CR1654, available from U.S. Alliance, Childersburg, Ala., U.S.A., and is a bleached, highly absorbent sulfate wood pulp containing primarily soft wood fibers. However, the wood pulp fluff can be exchanged with synthetic, polymeric, meltblown fibers or with a combination of meltblown fibers and natural fibers.
• The superabsorbent particles can be substantially homogeneously mixed with the hydrophilic fibers or can be non-uniformly mixed. The fluff and superabsorbent particles can also be selectively placed into desired zones of the[0051]absorbent body47 to better contain and absorb liquid body waste. The concentration of the superabsorbent particles can also vary through the thickness of theabsorbent body47. Alternatively, theabsorbent body47 can include a laminate of fibrous webs and superabsorbent material or other suitable means of maintaining a superabsorbent material in a localized area. Suitable superabsorbent materials can be selected from natural, synthetic, and modified natural polymers and materials. The superabsorbent materials can be inorganic materials, such as silica gels, or organic compounds, such as cross-linked polymers. Suitable superabsorbent materials are available from various commercial vendors, such as Dow Chemical Company located in Midland, Mich., U.S.A., and Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG, D-47805 Krefeld, Federal Republic of Germany.
• As a general rule, the superabsorbent material is present in the[0052]absorbent body47 in an amount of from about 0 to about 90 weight percent based on total weight of the absorbent body. Theabsorbent body47 suitably has a density within the range of about 0.10 to about 0.35 grams per cubic centimeter. Theabsorbent body47 may or may not be wrapped or encompassed by a suitable wrapping (not shown) that maintains the integrity and/or shape of the absorbent assembly. As shown in FIG. 4, theabsorbent body47 overlays theinner layer51 of theouter cover43, extending laterally between the legelastic members55, and is secured to theinner layer51 of theouter cover43, such as by being bonded thereto with adhesive57.
• Still referring to FIG. 4, the[0053]bodyside liner45 overlays theabsorbent body47 to isolate the wearer's skin from liquid body waste retained by the absorbent body and is secured to at least a portion of the absorbent body, such as by being bonded thereto using asuitable adhesive59. Theliner45 further extends beyond theabsorbent body47 to overlay a portion of theinner layer51 of theouter cover43, particularly in thecrotch region29 of thepants21, and is secured thereto, such as by being bonded thereto by the adhesive57, to substantially enclose the absorbent body between the outer cover and the liner about the periphery of the absorbent body. While thebodyside liner45 shown in FIG. 4 is dimensioned slightly smaller than theouter cover43, it is understood that the liner and outer cover may be of the same dimensions, or the liner may be sized larger than the outer cover, without departing from the scope of this invention. Thebodyside liner45 is desirably compliant, soft feeling, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin and can be less hydrophilic than theabsorbent body47 to present a relatively dry surface to the wearer and permit liquid body waste to readily penetrate through its thickness.
• The[0054]bodyside liner45 can be manufactured from a wide selection of web materials, such as synthetic fibers (for example, polyester or polypropylene fibers), natural fibers (for example, wood or cotton fibers), a combination of natural and synthetic fibers, porous foams, reticulated foams, apertured plastic films, or the like. Various woven and nonwoven fabrics can be used for thebodyside liner45. For example, thebodyside liner45 can be composed of a meltblown or spunbonded web of polyolefin fibers. Thebodyside liner45 can also be a bonded-carded web composed of natural and/or synthetic fibers. Thebodyside liner45 can be composed of a substantially hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material can, optionally, be treated with a surfactant or otherwise processed to impart a desired level of wettability and hydrophilicity. For example, the material can be surface treated with about 0.28 weight percent of a surfactant commercially available from the Rohm and Haas Co. under the trade designation Triton X-102. The surfactant can be applied by any conventional means, such as spraying, printing, brush coating or the like. The surfactant can be applied to theentire bodyside liner45 or can be selectively applied to particular sections of the liner.
• A suitable liquid[0055]permeable bodyside liner45 is a nonwoven bicomponent web having a basis weight of about 27 gsm. The nonwoven bicomponent can be a spunbond bicomponent web, or a bonded carded bicomponent web. Suitable bicomponent staple fibers include a polyethylene/polypropylene bicomponent fiber available from CHISSO Corporation, Osaka, Japan. In this particular bicomponent fiber, the polypropylene forms the core and the polyethylene forms the sheath of the fiber. Other fiber orientations are possible, such as multi-lobe, side-by-side, end-to-end, or the like. While theouter cover43 andbodyside liner45 of the centralabsorbent assembly25 can include elastomeric materials, it is contemplated that the central absorbent assembly may instead be generally inelastic, wherein the outer cover, the bodyside liner and theabsorbent body47 include materials that are generally non-elastomeric.
• A[0056]surge layer61, similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,650, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, lies between thebodyside liner45 and theabsorbent body47 for quickly absorbing surges of liquid body waste that penetrate the liner, and then slowly releasing the liquid body waste to the absorbent body. One suitable material from which thesurge layer61 can be constructed has a basis weight of about 50 gsm, and includes a through-air-bonded-carded web of a homogenous blend of 60 percent 3 denier bicomponent fiber including a polyester core/polyethylene sheath, commercially available from BASF Corporation, and 40 percent 6 denier polyester fiber, commercially available from Hoechst Celanese Corporation of Portsmouth, Va., U.S.A. Thesurge layer61 of the illustrated embodiment is secured to theabsorbent body47, such as by being bonded thereto using the adhesive59 that secures theliner45 to the absorbent body. Theliner45 is further secured to thesurge layer61, such as by being bonded thereto using asuitable adhesive63. It is understood, however, that thesurge layer61 may be omitted altogether, so that theliner45 lies directly on theabsorbent body47 along the full lateral extent thereof, without departing from the scope of this invention.
• The front and[0057]rear side panels31,38 of theabsorbent article21 can be permanently bonded to the centralabsorbent assembly25 of the training pants21 at the respective anterior andposterior sides27,30 thereof. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, thefront side panels31 of the illustrated embodiment are secured to theinner layer51 of theouter cover43, such as by being bonded thereto by adhesive65, or by thermal, ultrasonic or pressure bonding, and are also secured to theouter layer49 of the outer cover, such as by being bonded thereto by additional adhesive66, or by thermal, ultrasonic or pressure bonding, to extend transversely beyond thetransverse edges32 of the centralabsorbent assembly25 at theanterior side27 of the training pants21 as shown in FIG. 2. Therear side panels38 are secured to theinner layer51 andouter cover43 at theposterior side30 of the training pants21 in a similar manner. Alternatively, theside panels31,38 can be formed integrally with the centralabsorbent assembly25, such as by being formed integrally with theouter cover43 or thebodyside liner45.
• For improved fit and appearance, the[0058]side panels31,38 desirably have an average length dimension measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the training pants21 that is about 20 percent or greater, and particularly about 25 percent or greater, of the overall length dimension of the training pants, also measured parallel to the longitudinal axis. For example, fortraining pants21 having an overall length dimension of about 54 centimeters, theside panels31,38 desirably have an average length dimension of about 10 centimeters or greater, such as about 15 centimeters.
• Each of the[0059]side panels31,38 can be constructed of one or more individual, distinct pieces of material. For example, eachside panel31,38 can include first and second side panel portions (not shown) joined at a seam (not shown), with at least one of the portions including an elastomeric material. Alternatively, eachindividual side panel31,38 can be constructed of a single piece of material folded over upon itself along an intermediate fold line (not shown).
• The[0060]side panels31,38 desirably include an elastic material capable of stretching transversely (e.g., laterally outward) of the training pants21. Suitable elastic materials, as well as one described process of incorporating elastic side panels into training pants, are described in the following U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,464 issued Jul. 10, 1990 to Van Gompel et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,224,405 issued Jul. 6, 1993 to Pohjola; U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,116 issued Apr. 14, 1992 to Pohjola; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,046,272 issued Sep. 10, 1991 to Vogt et al.; all of which are incorporated herein by reference. As an example, suitable elastic materials include a stretch-thermal laminate (STL), a neck-bonded laminated (NBL), a reversibly necked laminate, or a stretch-bonded laminate (SBL) material. Methods of making such materials are well known to those skilled in the art and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,220 issued May 5, 1987 to Wisneski et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,992 issued Jul. 13, 1993 to Morman; and European Patent Application No.EP 0 217 032 published on Apr. 8, 1987 in the names of Taylor et al.; all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, theside panels31,38 may include other woven or nonwoven materials, such as those described above as being suitable for theouter cover43 orbodyside liner45, or stretchable but inelastic materials.
• In the illustrated embodiment, the[0061]inner layer39 of the training pants21 is primarily defined by theliner45, particularly in thecrotch region29 of the pants. As used herein, theinner layer39 of the training pants21 generally refers to that layer of the pants facing the wearer's skin and adapted for contiguity therewith when the training pants are fitted on the wearer's body. It is contemplated that theinner layer39 of the training pants21 may be further defined by elements in addition to theliner45. For example, at the anterior andposterior sides27,30 of the training pants21, theside panels31,38 extend laterally outward beyond theliner45 and contact the wearer's skin, thereby together with theliner45 defining theinner layer39 of the training pants. Through thecrotch region29 of the training pants21, theouter cover43 extends laterally outward beyond theliner45, and theside panels31 do not extend longitudinally through the crotch region, so that the outer cover contacts the wearer's skin, thereby together with the liner defining theinner layer39. It is also understood that elements other than theside panels31,38 orouter cover43 may overlay, underlie or otherwise extend laterally beyond theliner45 to face the wearer's skin in contiguity therewith at least partially to define theinner layer39 of the training pants21 without departing from the scope of this invention.
• The[0062]outer layer41 of the training pants21 of the illustrated embodiment, facing away from the wearer's skin, is broadly defined by theouter layer49 of theouter cover43. It is contemplated, however, that the training pantsouter layer41 may be defined by elements (not shown) other than or in addition to theouter layer49 of theouter cover43 without departing from the scope of this invention.
• The containment flaps[0063]23 of the present invention are secured to the inner layer39 (in the illustrated embodiment, the bodyside liner45) in generally parallel, spaced relation with each other laterally inward of theleg openings37 and extend longitudinally from theanterior side27 of the training pants, through thecrotch region29 to theposterior side30 of the training pants21. Eachcontainment flap23 comprises a first,inner layer67 having medial (e.g., generally inward facing) and lateral (e.g., generally outward facing) surfaces, respectively designated69 and71. The flapinner layer67 is desirably constructed of a liquid impermeable material, but may instead be constructed of a liquid permeable material. A portion of themedial surface69 of the flapinner layer67 extends in opposed relation with thebodyside liner45 and is secured thereto, such as by being bonded thereto bysuitable adhesive73, to broadly define a base, generally indicated at74, of theflap23. Thebase74 of theflap23 shown in FIG. 4 extends laterally beyond theliner45 and is further secured to theside panels31,38 at the anterior andposterior sides27,30 of the training pants21, such as by bonding themedial surface69 of the flapinner layer67 to the side panels bysuitable adhesive75. While not shown in the drawings, the flapinner layer67 may be further secured to theinner layer51 of theouter cover43 through thecrotch region29 of the training pants21 to inhibit liquid body waste against flowing out of the training pants between theflap23 and theouter cover43. However, it is understood that theflap23 may be secured only to thebodyside liner45, or only to theouter cover43, and remain within the scope of this invention.
• The lateral spacing between the[0064]respective bases74 of the containment flaps23 defines amedial region77 of theliner45 extending laterally therebetween, and more particularly between the innermost locations at which the bases are secured to the liner, such as alongadhesives73 securing theinner layers67 of the flaps to the liner. In the illustrated embodiment thebases74 of theflaps23 are secured to theliner45 generally adjacent the periphery of theabsorbent body47. However, it is understood that thebases74 of theflaps23 may be secured to theliner45 in more closely or more distally spaced relation with each other without departing from the scope of this invention, as long as the bases of the flaps are secured to the liner generally laterally inward of the securement of the liner to theouter cover43. The flapinner layer67 further extends from the base74 to a distal end, generally indicated at79, of theflap23. Thedistal end79 or other surfaces of theflap23 can be secured to theliner45 or to another component of thepants21 at longitudinal ends80 (FIG. 2) of theflaps23. Intermediate the longitudinal ends80 of each flaps23, thedistal end79 of theflap23 is free of fixed engagement with thebase74 of the flap and theliner45 so that the distal end of the flap is movable relative to thebase74 of the flap and theliner45 along at least a portion of the flap between the longitudinal ends of the flap.
• Each[0065]flap23 further comprises a second,outer layer81 constructed of a generally liquid permeable material. The flapouter layer81 overlays substantially the entirelateral surface71 of the flapinner layer67 in closely spaced relation therewith and is secured thereto, such as by being bonded thereto bysuitable adhesive83. An elastic member, generally indicated at85, is secured between the flapouter layer81 and thelateral surface71 of the flapinner layer67 adjacent thedistal end79 of theflap23. Theelastic member85 of the illustrated embodiment comprises threeindividual strands87 of elastomeric material extending longitudinally along thedistal end79 of theflap23 in generally parallel, spaced relation with each other. One suitableelastic strand87 is constructed of a LYCRA® T151 940 decitex elastic which can be obtained from E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. of Wilmington, Del., U.S.A.
• The[0066]elastic strands87 are secured between the flapouter layer81 and thelateral surface71 of the flapinner layer67, such as by being bonded therebetween bysuitable adhesive89, in an elastically contractible condition such that contraction of the strands gathers and shortens thedistal end79 of thecontainment flap23. As a result, upon folding of thepants21 to form the three dimensional article, theelastic strands87 bias thedistal end79 of eachflap23 toward a position spaced from thebase74 of the flap so that in thecrotch region29 of the training pants21, the flap extends inward from theliner45 in a generally upright orientation as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. It is understood that theelastic member85 may be disposed between the flapouter layer81 and the flapinner layer67 other than at thedistal end79 of theflap23 without departing from the scope of this invention, as long as the elastic member is spaced from thebase74 of the flap. It is also understood that theelastic member85 may be omitted and the flap may instead be biased toward an upright orientation by elastic materials present in the flap inner and/orouter layers67,81. Theelastic strands87 may extend the full length of theflap23 or they may extend only through a portion of the flap where the flap is desired to be spaced from theliner45.
• Still referring to FIG. 4, the[0067]outer layer81 of eachcontainment flap23 folds over the flapinner layer69 at thedistal end79 of the flap and extends in opposed relation with themedial surface69 of the flap inner layer from thedistal end79 of the flap to themedial region77 of theliner45. The flapouter layer81 of the illustrated embodiment is secured to themedial surface69 of the flapinner layer67, such as by being bonded thereto bysuitable adhesive91, generally at thedistal end79 of theflap23 to broadly define aseam92 of the flap outer layer to the medial surface of the flap inner layer. However, it is understood that the flapouter layer81 need not be secured to themedial surface69 of the flapinner layer67, so that the adhesive91 andseam92 are omitted, and remain within the scope of this invention.
• The flap[0068]outer layer81 is further secured to themedial region77 of theliner45, such as by being bonded thereto using asuitable adhesive93, in laterally spaced relation with thebase74 of theflap23. In the upright orientation of theflap23, the flapouter layer81 is generally taut as it extends between theliner45 and theseam92 such that the flap outer layer, the portion of the liner betweenadhesive73 and the adhesive93, and themedial surface69 of the flapinner layer67 together define a generally triangular, fullyenclosed surge chamber95 for receiving liquid body waste.
• In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 4, the width of the flap[0069]outer layer81 extending between theliner45 and the seam92 (or thedistal end79 of theflap23 ifadhesive91 is omitted) is less than the width of the flapinner layer67 extending outward from thebase74 of theflap23 to the seam92 (or distal end79) so the flap inner layer is angled transversely and laterally inward relative to the base and theliner45. It is contemplated that the width of the flapouter layer81 extending between theliner45 and theseam92 may instead be greater than the width of the flapinner layer67 extending outward from the base74 to theseam92 so the flap inner layer extends generally perpendicular to the base, as long as the flap outer layer is spaced from the flap inner layer to form thesurge chamber95. It is also understood that the flapouter layer81 may be secured to themedial surface69 of the flapinner layer67 other than at thedistal end79 of theflap23, such as anywhere spaced from thebase74 of the flap, or the flap outer layer may not be secured at all to the flap inner layer, without departing from the scope of this invention. As described previously, thesurge chamber95 is partially defined by the portion of themedial region77 of theliner45 extending laterally between the adhesive73 securing thebase74 of theflap23 to the liner and the adhesive93 securing the flapouter layer81 to the liner so that the liner is interposed between the surge chamber and theabsorbent body47 of the training pants21.
• The[0070]surge chamber95 extends longitudinally substantially the length of theflap23 from theanterior side27 through thecrotch region29 to theposterior side30 to permit liquid body waste received in the surge chamber to flow longitudinally therein. To secure the longitudinal ends of theflap23 to theliner45, the flapouter layer81 between the adhesive93 and thedistal end79 of theflap23 can be secured to theliner45, such as with adhesive (not shown) or other suitable fastening, generally at the longitudinal ends80 of the flap to thereby close off thesurge chamber95 against flow longitudinally outward therethrough.
• The flap[0071]outer layer81 can be constructed of a spunbond polypropylene non-woven web and the flapinner layer67 can be constructed of a polyethylene film to severely retard the flow of liquid body waste outward of theflap23. However, it is contemplated that the flapinner layer67 may be constructed other than of a film or other liquid impermeable material. For example, the flapinner layer67 may instead be constructed of one or more layers of a liquid permeable material, and the liquid permeable material may be treated to decrease the permeability thereof. It is also contemplated that the flapouter layer81 can be constructed of other liquid permeable materials, such as a polyethylene or polypropylene film having apertures formed therein to permit liquid body waste to flow therethrough to thesurge chamber95. Since thebodyside liner45 is liquid permeable, thesurge chamber95 is generally in fluid communication with theabsorbent body47 to permit liquid body waste received in the surge chamber to pass through the liner for absorption by the absorbent body. When a surge of liquid body waste flows laterally outward along themedial region77 of theliner45, it flows outward against the portion of the flapouter layer81 defining thesurge chamber95 and passes through the flap outer layer into thesurge chamber95. The flapinner layer67 inhibits liquid body waste received in thesurge chamber95 against flowing laterally outward beyond thecontainment flap23. As a result, liquid body waste accumulates within thesurge chamber95 during the liquid surge, and is temporarily retained therein until the liquid body waist can pass through themedial region77 of theliner45 interposed between the surge chamber and the absorbent body for absorption by theabsorbent body47.
• While the flap[0072]outer layer81 is shown and described herein as being constructed separate from theliner45, it is contemplated that the flap outer layer may be secured to liner by being formed integrally therewith, as long as the liner is interposed between theabsorbent body47 and thesurge chamber95 formed by the flap outer layer and themedial surface69 of the flapinner layer67. For example, theliner45 may comprise at least two sheets (not shown) of material, with the liquid impermeable flapinner layer67 being disposed between the two sheets and secured to a bottom sheet to form the base of theflap23 and to the top sheet to form the distal end of the flap. While not shown in the drawings, the flapinner layer67 and/or the flapouter layer81 may also extend transversely outward over theside panels31,38 of the training pants21, and to the respective side edges32 of the centralabsorbent assembly25 of the pants, without departing from the scope of this invention.
• FIG. 5 illustrates training pants[0073]121 incorporating a second embodiment of containment flaps123. The containment flaps123 are substantially similar to those shown in the embodiment of FIGS.1-4, including a flapinner layer167 having medial andlateral surfaces169,171, and anouter layer181. The flapouter layer181 extends in opposed relation with themedial surface169 of the flapinner layer167 and is secured thereto, such as by asuitable adhesive191, to define aseam192 between the flap outer layer and the medial surface of the flap inner layer generally at thedistal end179 of theflap123. However, as with the first embodiment, the flapouter layer181 need not be secured to themedial surface169 of the flapinner layer167 at thedistal end179 of theflap123, so that the adhesive191 andseam192 may be omitted.
• Instead of the flap[0074]outer layer81 being secured to theliner45 in laterally spaced relation with thebase74 of theflap23 as in the first embodiment, the flapouter layer181 of this second embodiment is secured to theliner145 generally at thebase174 of theflap123. More particularly, the flapouter layer181 is tucked between theliner145 and themedial surface169 of the flapinner layer167 at thebase174 of theflap123 and is secured to the liner and the flap inner layer, such as by being bonded thereto by respectivesuitable adhesives193,197 to broadly define asecond seam199 of the flap outer layer and the medial surface of the flap inner layer. Alternatively, adhesive197 securing the flapouter layer181 to the medial surface of the flapinner layer167 may be omitted without departing from the scope of this invention.
• The flap[0075]outer layer181 is otherwise free from fixed engagement with themedial surface169 of the flapinner layer167, and in particular between theseam192 and theseam199. The width of the portion of the flapouter layer181 extending between theseams192,199 is substantially greater than the width of the flap inner layer, as shown in FIG. 5, or at least about equal thereto, so that this portion of the flap outer layer hangs generally loosely down along themedial surface169 of the flapinner layer167 between theseams192,199 to define asurge chamber195 between this portion of the flap outer layer and the medial surface of the flap inner layer for receiving liquid body waste.
• As in the first embodiment, the[0076]medial region177 of theliner145 is interposed between thesurge chamber195 and theabsorbent body47 of the training pants121 of this second embodiment. As a result, when a surge of liquid body waste is received in thesurge chamber195, the liquid waste is temporarily retained therein until the liquid can flow back through the flap outer layer and through themedial region177 of theliner145 interposed between the surge chamber and theabsorbent body47 for absorption by the absorbent body.
• It is contemplated that the flap[0077]outer layer181 may be secured to themedial surface169 of the flapinner layer167 other than at thedistal end179 of theflap123 so that theseam192 is spaced from the distal end of the flap, and/or the flap outer layer may be further secured to the medial surface of the flap inner layer other than at thebase174 of the flap so that theseam199 is spaced from the base, as long as the portions of the flap outer layer and flap inner layer extending between theseams192,199 are sized relative to each other so that the flap outer layer and flap inner layer define thesurge chamber195 therebetween.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a pair of[0078]training pants221 incorporatingcontainment flaps223 of a third embodiment of the present invention. The containment flaps223 of this embodiment are substantially similar to those shown in the embodiment of FIGS.1-4, including a flapinner layer267 having medial andlateral surfaces269,271, and anouter layer281. The flapouter layer281 extends in opposed relation with themedial surface269 of the flapinner layer267 and is secured thereto, such as by asuitable adhesive291, to define aseam292 between the flap outer layer and the medial surface of the flap inner layer generally at thedistal end279 of theflap223. The flapouter layer281 is secured to themedial region277 of theliner245, such as by being bonded thereto bysuitable adhesive293, in laterally spaced relation with thebase274 of theflap223 to form thesurge chamber295 therebetween. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, a flow control member, generally indicated at301, is disposed within thesurge chamber295 to control the flow of liquid from the surge chamber through theliner245 into theabsorbent body47. In a particularly suitable embodiment, theflow control member301 is a surge member adapted to quickly take in a stream or gush of liquid (e.g., upon urination) and releasing the liquid slowly out of thesurge chamber295 through theliner245 to theabsorbent body47.
• The surge material has suitable characteristics, such as a suitable basis weight, permeability, porosity, surface area per void volume (SA/VV), compression resiliency and saturation capacity. Further characteristics can include a bonding matrix which will help stabilize the pore size structure, and hydrophilicity. The bond-matrix and the blend of fiber deniers can advantageously provide for and substantially maintain a desired pore size structure.[0079]
• For example, the surge member suitably has a basis weight in the range of about 20 gsm to about 120 gsm and a density in the range of about 0.008-0.025 grams per cubic centimeter.[0080]
• The void volume of the fibrous nonwoven web is a measure of how much air space is present in the structure. The void volume is measured at 689 dynes per square centimeter (0.01 pounds per square inch), and will range from about 80 to about 117 cubic centimeters per gram of surge member with the target range being from about 80 to about 100 cubic centimeters per gram of surge member. Void volume is the surge members's specific volume minus the fiber's (from which the surge member is constructed) specific volume. For the purposes of the present invention, the specific volume is measured by a compression test at 0.01 psi (with an INSTRON or SINTECH testing apparatus). For the surge members described herein, the void volume may approximately equal the specific volume since the fiber specific volume is much less than the surge member specific volume.[0081]
• The permeability of the surge member indicates the ability of the surge member to conduct a liquid therethrough. When a liquid initially enters a surge member, liquid movement is dominated by forced flow from the momentum of the fluid. Capillarity may not be significant in this flow regime as it may not have enough time to control the liquid path, thus, liquid flow through the surge member will be controlled by the permeability of the structure on the initial insult. A high permeability value indicates that it is relatively easy for a liquid to flow through the structure. Permeability for the surge member according to the present invention will range between about 7.8×10[0082]⁻⁵to about 1.5×10⁻⁴square centimeters (8,000 to 15,000 darcy). Outside this range other materials have been found not to work as well. Permeability for surge members has been found to be related to the web's void volume, porosity and fiber surface area per void volume (SA/VV).
• The porosity of the surge member is the ratio of the amount of void space to the total volume of the surge member. The porosity of the surge member, as measured at a pressure of 689 dynes per square centimeter (0.01 pounds per square inch), suitably ranges from about 98.6% to about 99.4%. Porosity is one minus the ratio of the surge member density. The density is measured by a compression test at 689 dynes per square centimeter (0.01 psi) load.[0083]
• The surface area per void volume, with the void volume being measured at 689 dynes per square meter (0.01 pounds per square inch) pressure, suitably ranges from about 10 to about 25 square centimeters per cubic centimeter. Permeability is the result of fluid having to travel over and around fiber surfaces when under forced flow in order to occupy the void spaces within the surge member. Surface area per void volume (SA/VV) indicates how closely together those fiber surfaces are located to each other. A high SA/VV value indicates that there is a large amount of surface area which is placed closely together. Increases in SA/VV can be achieved by using smaller fibers which increase the surface area per unit weight of surge member, or by making the surge member more dense which decreases the void volume per unit weight. When SA/VV is increased, permeability decreases since fluid is forced to travel over and around more surfaces to get through the structure. If the SA/VV becomes too high, then the permeability will be too low to allow easy fluid entry into and flow through the surge member. Thus, the SA/VV of the surge member is suitably below 25 square centimeters per cubic centimeter in order for the permeability to be above about 8,000 darcy.[0084]
• To ensure rapid intake of liquid, the surge member should have hydrophilic tendencies. At least a portion of the fibers should have a contact angle less than 90 degrees. As a result, the fibrous surge member will have sufficient hydrophilic tendencies when the surge member has a saturation capacity greater than 55 grams of 0.9% saline solution per gram of surge member. The surge member may also have a suitable resiliency in both the wet and dry states. For example, the surge member may suitably have compression resilience values in both the wet and dry states of at least about 60%.[0085]
• In one particular embodiment, the surge member may suitably comprise a bonded, uniformly mixed, single layer structure having a basis weight of at least about 20 grams per square meter, a void volume between about 40 and 60 cubic centimeters per gram of material at a pressure of 689 dynes per square meter (0.01 psi), a permeability of about 5,000 to about 8,000 darcy, a porosity of about 97.2% to about 98.8% and a surface area per void volume of about 24 to about 49 square centimeters per cubic centimeter. Fibers from which the surge member may be thermoplastic, and may be heat bonded to one another. In addition, the surge member of this embodiment can have a density within a range of about 0.017-0.025 grams per cubic centimeter, as determined at a pressure of 689 dynes per square meter (0.01 psi).[0086]
• For example, one suitable surge member includes a substantially homogeneous single-layer fibrous nonwoven web having a basis weight of about 48.8 gsm created by using about 40 percent by weight[0087]Hoechst Celanese type 295 6.0-denier polyester fibers and 60 percent by weight BASF 3.0-denier polyethylene sheath/polyester core bicomponent fibers. The homogeneous blend of fibers is bonded together using hot air passed through the surge member at a temperature of 135 degrees Celcius for approximately 4 seconds. The resultant surge member has a void volume of about 52 cubic centimeters per gram of surge member, a SA/VV value of about 29.9 square centimeters per cubic centimeter, a porosity of about 98.5%, a permeability of about 6,925 darcy, a saturation capacity of about 44 gm/gm, a wet compression resilience of about 81%, and a dry compression resilience of about 86%.
• In other embodiments, the surge member can be made from or include a plurality of fibers bonded to one another to form a lofty nonwoven web having a basis weight of at least 20 grams per square meter (gsm). In more refined embodiments the basis weight can range from about 40 to about 68 grams per square meter. The surge member can be made entirely from bicomponent fibers which are typically crimped and which will generally have a fiber denier equal to or greater than 2 denier. Alternatively, the surge member can be made from a combination of fibers such as bicomponent fibers and polyester fibers. In such embodiments, the surge member will usually include at least 50 percent by weight of bicomponent fibers. The resultant surge member will have a void volume of between about 80 and about 117 cubic centimeters per gram of surge member at 689 dynes per square centimeter pressure, a permeability of about 8,000 to about 15,000 darcy, a porosity of about 98.6 to about 99.4 percent, a surface area per void volume of about 10 to about 25 square centimeters per cubic centimeter, a saturation capacity between about 55 and about 80 grams of 0.9 percent saline solution per gram of surge member and a compression resilience in both the wet and dry state of at least 60 percent. In addition, the surge member of these embodiments can have a density within a range of about 0.008-0.013 grams per cubic centimeter, as determined at a pressure of 689 dynes per square meter (0.01 psi).[0088]
• For example, in one such embodiment the surge member can include a single layer fibrous nonwoven web having a basis weight of about 49.8 gsm created by using a uniform mixture of 40 percent by weight Hoechst Celanese type 224, 6.0-denier polyester staple fibers and 60 percent by weight Chisso-type ES P, 3.0-denier by 38 millimeter polypropylene sheath/ polypropylene core bicomponent fiber. The surge member was bonded using hot air at a temperature of 135 degrees Celcius for approximately 4 seconds. The resultant surge member has a void volume of about 84 cubic centimeters per gram of surge member, a SA/VV value of about 20 square centimeters per cubic centimeter, a porosity of about 98.9%, a permeability of about 9,256 darcy, a saturation capacity of about 59 gm/gm, a wet compression resilience of about 76%, and a dry compression resilience of about 76%.[0089]
• As another example, the surge member can comprise a substantially homogeneous single-layer fibrous nonwoven web having a basis weight of 51.9 gsm and created by using 20 percent by weight[0090]Hoechst Celanese type 295, 6.0-denier polyester fibers; 20 percent by weight Hoechst Celanese type 183, 1.5 denier polyester fibers and 60 percent by weight BASF 3.0-denier polyethylene sheath/polyester core bicomponent fibers. The homogeneous blend of fibers is bonded together using hot air at a temperature of 135 degrees Celcius for approximately 4 seconds. The resultant surge member has a void volume of about 110 cubic centimeters per gram of surge member, a SA/VV value of about 16.2 square centimers per cubic centimeter, a porosity of about 99.3%, a permeability of about 13,189 darcy, a saturation capacity of about 79 gm/gm, a wet compression resilience of about 73%, and a dry compression resilience of about 70%.
• In another embodiment, the surge member may be suitably constructed of a through-air-bonded-carded web of a homogeneous blend of 60 percent 3 denier bicomponent fiber including a polyester core/polyethylene sheath (commercially available from Kosa Corporation of Houston, Tex., U.S.A. under the designation T-256), and 40 percent 6 denier type polyester fiber (commercially available from Kosa Corporation under the designation T-295).[0091]
• Additional details regarding suitable surge member constructions and techniques for determining the above-described parameters are set forth in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 206,986 of C. Ellis and D. Bishop, entitled, FIBROUS NONWOVEN WEB SURGE LAYER FOR PERSONAL CARE ABSORBENT ARTICLES AND THE LIKE, and filed Mar. 4, 1994 (Attorney docket No. 11, 256); and in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 206,069 of C. Ellis and R. Everett, entitled, IMPROVED SURGE MANAGEMENT FIBROUS NONWOVEN WEB FOR PERSONAL CARE ABSORBENT ARTICLES AND THE LIKE, and filed Mar. 4, 1994 (Attorney docket No. 11,387). The disclosures of these documents are incorporated herein by reference to the extent that they are consistent herewith.[0092]
• In other embodiments, the[0093]flow control member301 may be other than a surge member and may contain absorbent material, such as the superabsorbent material described previously herein in connection with theabsorbent body47 construction, whereby the flow control member is capable of absorbing and retaining at least a portion of the liquid received in thesurge chamber295 during a surge or gush of liqud. Theflow control member301 may also contain absorbent fibers, such as wood pulp fibers.
• The[0094]flow control member301 is suitably sized such that it occupies a space within the surge chamber295 (when the flow control member is dry) having a volume in the range of about 2 percent to about 100 percent of the total volume of the surge chamber, and more suitably in the range of about 5 percent to about 50 percent. It is contemplated that providing a relatively largerflow control member301 within thesurge chamber295 imparts increased shape resilience to thecontainment flap223. That is, theflow control member301 facilitates the containment flap regaining its functional shape following compression (e.g., caused by normal usage such as sitting, walking, etc.) of the containment flap. Moreover, theflow control member301 is shown in FIG. 6 as being generally rectangular in cross-section and laying flat at thebase274 of the flap223 (e.g., the bottom of the surge chamber295) in superposed relationship with theliner245. However, it is contemplated that theflow control member301 may be other than rectangular in cross-section, such as triangular in general correspondence with the shape of thesurge chamber295 as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 7, L-shaped, inverted V-shaped, square, ovate, circular, semi-circular, trapezoidal, or other suitable shape without departing from the scope of this invention. Theflow control member301 may also be tubular, e.g., having a longitudinally extending channel (not shown) therein to facilitate longitudinal transport of liquid within the flow control member (and hence the surge chamber295).
• It is also contemplated that the[0095]flow control member301 may be oriented other than to lay flat at the base of thesurge chamber295, such as being oriented in generally superposed relationship with a portion or all of the flapouter layer281, in generally superposed relationship with a portion or all of themedial surface269 of the flapinner layer267, a combination thereof or a combination of one or both of the above along with laying flat at the base of the surge chamber, such as is the case with the triangular shaped flow control member illustrated in FIG. 7. For example, an L-shaped flow control member (not shown) may have a generally horizontal portion overlaying theliner245 within thesurge chamber295 at the base of theflap223 and a vertical portion extending up along the flapouter layer281 within the surge chamber.
• The[0096]flow control member301 is illustrated in FIG. 6 as being secured to the portion of the flapouter layer281 that is secured to themedial region277 of theliner245, such as by being bonded to the flap outer layer bysuitable adhesive305. It is contemplated that theflow control member301 may also, or may instead, be secured directly to themedial region277 of theliner245. Alternatively, or additionally, theflow control member301 may be secured to the flapouter layer281 and/or to themedial surface269 of the flapinner layer267, or the flow control member may be otherwise unsecured within thesurge chamber295. It is also contemplated that theflow control member301 may extend only partially along the height of thesurge chamber295, and/or the flow control member may comprise two or more discrete structures arranged intermittently along the height of the surge chamber (e.g., secured to the flap outer layer or the flap inner layer).
• It is further understood that the[0097]liner245 need not be disposed between thesurge chamber295 and theabsorbent body47, whereby theflow control member301 within the surge chamber direcly overlays the portion of the absorbent body lying beneath thecontainment flap223, and remain within the scope of this invention.
• FIG. 8 illustrates training pants[0098]321 incorporatingcontainment flaps323 of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The containment flaps323 are substantially similar to those shown in the embodiment of FIG. 5, in that they include a flapinner layer367 having medial andlateral surfaces369,371, and anouter layer381. The flapouter layer381 extends in opposed relation with themedial surface369 of the flapinner layer367 and is secured thereto, such as by asuitable adhesive391, to define aseam392 between the flap outer layer and the medial surface of the flap inner layer generally at thedistal end379 of theflap323. The flapouter layer381 of thecontainment flap323 of the embodiment of FIG. 8 is secured to theliner345 generally at thebase374 of theflap323. More particularly, the flapouter layer381 is tucked between theliner345 and themedial surface369 of the flapinner layer367 at thebase374 of theflap323 and is secured to the liner and the flap inner layer, such as by being bonded thereto by respectivesuitable adhesives393,397 to broadly define asecond seam399 of the flap outer layer and the medial surface of the flap inner layer.
• As in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the width of the portion of the flap[0099]outer layer381 extending between theseams392,399 is substantially greater than the width of the flapinner layer367, or at least about equal thereto, so that this portion of the flap outer layer hangs generally loosely down along themedial surface369 of the flap inner layer between theseams392,399 to define asurge chamber395 between this portion of the flap outer layer and the medial surface of the flap inner layer for receiving liquid body waste.
• In this embodiment, a flow control member, generally indicated at[0100]401, is disposed within thesurge chamber395 to control the flow of liquid from the surge chamber through theliner345 into theabsorbent body47. Theflow control member401 may be constructed substantially the same as theflow control member301 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 and/or described previously herein. For example, theflow control member401 in the illustrated embodiment is generally rectangular in cross-section and lies generally flat at thebase374 of the flap323 (e.g., at the bottom of the surge chamber395). However, it is understood that theflow control member401 may be oriented to extend generally vertically within thesurge chamber395 and be generally ovate, or elliptical in cross-section as shown in the embodiment of FIG. 9 to generally correspond to the shape of the surge chamber. It is also understood that theflow control member401 may be generally other suitable shapes as described previously that may or may not correspond generally to the shape of thesurge chamber395.
• The[0101]flow control member401 of the illustrated embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9 is secured to the portion of the flapouter layer381 that is secured to theliner345, such as by being bonded to the flap outer layer bysuitable adhesive405. However, it is understood that theflow control member401 may instead, or may additionally, be secured directly to theliner345. Alternatively, or additionally, the flow control member may be secured to the flapinner layer367, or it may be free from securement within thesurge chamber395, without departing from the scope of this invention.
• In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained. When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferred embodiment(s) thereof, the articles “a”, “an”, “the” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising”, “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.[0102]
• As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.[0103]

Claims (41)

What is claimed is:

1. An absorbent article for personal wear, said absorbent article comprising:

an inner layer adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer, at least a portion of said inner layer being liquid permeable;

an outer layer in opposed relationship with the inner layer;

an absorbent body disposed between the inner layer and the outer layer of said article for absorbing liquid body waste;

a pair of containment flaps secured to the inner layer of said article in spaced relation with each other, each flap having a base secured to the inner layer of said article and a distal end, at least a portion of the distal end being movable relative to said base to a position in which said distal end is spaced from the inner layer of said article, said containment flaps each comprising:

a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of said flap, said flap first layer having a lateral surface and a medial surface;

a liquid permeable second layer disposed in generally opposed relationship with the medial surface of the flap first layer and being free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of said flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste; and

a surge member disposed within the surge chamber for taking in liquid waste received in the surge chamber and releasing said liquid waste to the absorbent body.

2. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the liquid permeable portion of the inner layer is interposed between the surge member and the absorbent body.

3. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the flap second layer has a width greater than a width of said portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer.

4. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 3 wherein said portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer extends substantially from the base of the flap to the distal end of the flap.

5. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 3 wherein the flap second layer is secured to the medial surface of the flap first layer at a first seam therebetween generally at the distal end of the flap.

6. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 5 wherein the flap second layer is further secured to the medial surface of the flap first layer at a second seam spaced from said first seam, said portion of the medial surface of the flap first layer extending between the first seam and the second seam.

7. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 6 wherein said second seam is located generally at the base of the flap.

8. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 7 wherein the flap second layer is tucked between the medial surface of the flap first layer and the inner layer of said article generally at said second seam, said flap second layer being secured to the inner layer of said article thereby securing the base of the flap to the inner layer of said article.

9. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the surge chamber has a volume, the surge member occupying a space within the surge chamber, said space having a volume in the range of about 2 to about 100 percent of the volume of the surge chamber.

10. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 9 wherein the space occupied by the surge member has a volume in the range of about 5 percent to about 50 percent of the volume of the surge chamber.

11. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the surge member has a basis weight in the range of about 20 gsm to about 120 gsm.

12. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the surge member has a density in the range of about 0.008 to about 0.025 grams per cubic centimeter.

13. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the surge member is generally rectangular in cross-section.

14. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the surge member is generally triagular in cross-section.

15. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 1 wherein the surge member is generally ovate in cross-section.

16. An absorbent article for personal wear, said absorbent article comprising:

an inner layer adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer, at least a portion of said inner layer being liquid permeable;

an outer layer in opposed relationship with the inner layer of said article;

an absorbent body disposed between the inner layer and the outer layer of said article for absorbing liquid body waste; and

a pair of containment flaps secured to the inner layer of said article in spaced relation with each other, each flap having a base secured to the inner layer of said article and a distal end, at least a portion of the distal end being movable relative to said base to a position in which the flap is spaced from the inner layer of said article, said containment flaps each comprising:

a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of said flap, said flap first layer having a lateral surface and a medial surface;

a liquid permeable second layer at least partially surrounding the lateral and medial surfaces of the flap first layer, said flap second layer being free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of said flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste; and

a flow control member disposed in the surge chamber for controlling the flow of liquid body waste received in the surge chamber.

17. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flow control member comprises a surge member adapted to take in liquid body waste received in the surge chamber and release the liquid body waste to the absorbent body.

18. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flow control member is adapted for absorbing liquid body waste received in the surge chamber.

19. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the surge chamber has a volume, the flow control member occupying a space within the surge chamber, said space having a volume in the range of about 2 percent to about 100 percent of the volume of the surge chamber.

20. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 19 wherein the space occupied by the flow control member has a volume in the range of about 5 percent to about 50 percent of the volume of the surge chamber.

21. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flow control member has a basis weight in the range of about 20 gsm to about 120 gsm.

22. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flow control member has a density in the range of about 0.008 to about 0.025 grams per cubic centimeter.

23. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flow control member is generally rectangular in cross-section.

24. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flow control member is generally triagular in cross-section.

25. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flow control member is generally ovate in cross-section.

26. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 16 wherein the flap first layer is formed separate from the inner layer of said article.

27. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 26 wherein the flap second layer is formed separate from the inner layer of said article.

28. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 26 wherein the flap second layer inhibits contact of the flap first layer with the wearer's skin.

29. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 28 wherein the flap second layer overlays substantially the entire lateral surface of the flap first layer.

30. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 26 wherein the flap first layer is substantially liquid impermeable.

31. An absorbent article for personal wear, said absorbent article comprising:

an inner layer adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer, at least a portion of said inner layer being liquid permeable;

an outer layer in opposed relationship with the inner layer;

an absorbent body disposed between the inner layer and the outer layer of said article for absorbing liquid body waste; and

a pair of containment flaps secured to the inner layer of said article in spaced relation with each other, each flap having a base secured to the inner layer of said article and a distal end, at least a portion of the distal end being movable relative to said base to a position in which said distal end is spaced from the inner layer of said article, said containment flaps each comprising:

a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of said flap, said flap first layer having a lateral surface and a medial surface;

a liquid permeable second layer in opposed relation with the medial surface of the flap first layer, said flap second layer being free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of said flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste, said liquid permeable portion of the inner layer of said article being interposed between the surge chamber and the absorbent body of said article; and

a flow control member disposed within the surge chamber for controlling the flow of liquid body waste received in the surge chamber.

32. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the flow control member comprises a surge member adapted to take in liquid body waste received in the surge chamber and release the liquid body waste to the absorbent body.

33. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the flow control member is adapted for absorbing liquid body waste received in the surge chamber.

34. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the surge chamber has a volume, the flow control member occupying a space within the surge chamber, said space having a volume in the range of about 2 percent to about 100 percent of the volume of the surge chamber.

35. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 34 wherein the space occupied by the flow control member has a volume in the range of about 5 percent to about 50 percent of the volume of the surge chamber.

36. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the flow control member has a basis weight in the range of about 20 gsm to about 120 gsm.

37. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the flow control member has a density in the range of about 0.008 to about 0.025 grams per cubic centimeter.

38. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the flow control member is generally rectangular in cross-section.

39. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the flow control member is generally triagular in cross-section.

40. The absorbent article set forth inclaim 31 wherein the flow control member is generally ovate in cross-section.

41. An article for personal wear, said article comprising:

a substrate adapted for contiguous relationship with the wearer of said article, and

a pair of containment flaps secured to the substrate for contiguous relationship with the wearer of said article, the containment flaps being in spaced relation with each other, each flap having a base secured to the substrate and a distal end, at least a portion of the distal end being movable relative to said base to a position in which said distal end is spaced from the substrate of said article, said containment flaps each comprising:

a first layer extending from the base of the flap to the distal end of said flap, said flap first layer having a lateral surface and a medial surface;

a liquid permeable second layer disposed in generally opposed relationship with the medial surface of the flap first layer and being free from fixed engagement with at least a portion of the medial surface of said flap first layer to define a surge chamber therebetween for receiving liquid body waste; and

a surge member disposed within the surge chamber for taking in liquid waste received in the surge chamber and subsequently releasing said liquid waste for transfer out of said surge chamber.

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