US20040113810A1 - Data collector for an automated meter reading system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention includes an electronic utility meter, a data collector/meter and a method for communicating data in an automated meter reading system. The inventive method includes communicating data with a network and a first electronic utility meter, and communicating the data with the first electronic utility meter and one or more other meters.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. ABME-0796), filed Jun. 27, 2002, and entitled “Dynamic Self-Configuring Metering Network,” which is incorporated herein by reference.[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD
• The invention relates to the field of service meters. More specifically, the invention relates to a data collector for an automated meter reading system.[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• Since its infancy, the electric power industry has used electromechanical meters to capture power usage. Similarly, electromechanical meters have been used for water and gas usage. In the context of electric power meters, the electromechanical meters collected little more than total power usage. Also, the electric power meters required human meter readers to travel to the millions of customer premises in order to read the usage totals captured by the meters. Over time, electromechanical meters began to be replaced by electronic meters.[0003]
• Electronic meters have computer processing components that allow the meters to capture more data in an intelligent way. For example, today's meters are able to ascertain periodic usage (e.g., which time of day is more power used) or demand determinations (e.g., the peak power), power quality, and power factor considerations. In addition to capturing more data, electronic meters also are able to communicate the more detailed data to the utility over telephone lines or over wireless networks. In fact, the communication sophistication of today's meters is nearly limitless. For example, today's high cost meters are able to communicate directly with a utility's central computing system over fixed communication networks.[0004]
• Although fixed communication networks provide a sophisticated and reliable communication network, they also require a complex and costly infrastructure. For example, a fixed wireless communication system often requires the installation of pole or roof mounted repeaters or gateways. Such equipment, while important to the reliability of the communication system, creates additional equipment and installation efforts. In addition, the fixed wireless communication systems require a higher cost meter so as to communicate directly with the utility's central server. As a result, AMR systems that rely on the sophisticated meters and fixed wireless networks have become cost prohibitive.[0005]
• Therefore, there is a need to employ more low cost electronic meters, while maintaining the communication and networking capabilities of today's AMR systems.[0006]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The invention includes an electronic utility meter, a data collector/meter and a method for communicating data in an automated meter reading system. The inventive method includes communicating data with a network and a first electronic utility meter, and communicating the data with the first electronic utility meter and one or more other meters.[0007]
• The inventive data collector/meter includes a first port for communicating data with one or more other electronic meters, a second port for communicating data with a network, and a transceiver in communication with the first port and the second port. The transceiver communicates data between the other electronic meter and the computer. Also, the inventive device includes a computer in communication with the transceiver. The electronic utility meter may be a gas meter, a water meter, and an electric power meter. Also, the network may include a central computer at a utility in communication with a billing system. The data may be communicated as a function of predetermined criteria that filters the data provided by the electronic utility meter to the other meters. The transceiver routes the data from the network to the other meters. The meter may include a data storage device for data received from the other meters and from the network. The data storage device may provide the stored data to the network when requested by the network, and may provide the stored data to the other meters when requested by the network. Also, the computer may provide timing data to the other meters, where the timing data is transmitted to the other meters at a substantially similar time and/or at different times. The data comprises at least one of the following: time-of-use data and demand data. The communication between the electronic utility meter and the other meters may be accomplished via wireless and/or wired techniques. Similarly, the communication between the electronic utility meter and the network may be accomplished via wireless and/or wired techniques. The communication between the electronic utility meter and the other meters is accomplished using at least one of the following techniques: TCP/IP, Internet, electronic messaging, XML, digital encryption, digital signature, Ethernet, DSL, Cable Modem, 802.11, Bluetooth, and X10, for example. Also, the meter may receive a query from a customer premise to the electronic utility meter via the other meter. The meter may communicate a demand reset request from the electronic utility to the other meters at a predetermined interval, where the predetermined interval is at least one of the following: a billing change date, and a season change date.[0008]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Other features of the invention are further apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, of which:[0009]
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an automated meter reading system, according to the invention;[0010]
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a data collector/meter, according to the invention;[0011]
• FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method of selling access to data captured by the power meter on the Internet, according to the invention;[0012]
• FIG. 4 provides an example of a load profile table, according to the invention;[0013]
• FIG. 5 provides an example of a computing system, according to the invention;[0014]
• FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a network environment, with a server computer in communication with client computers via a communications network, in which the invention may be employed; and[0015]
• FIG. 7 provides one example of the components that may be included with a LAN Option Board, according to the invention.[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
• Automated Meter Reading System[0017]
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an automated[0018]meter reading system100 for processing data that is captured by an electric power meter. Although FIG. 1 is discussed with reference to an electric power meter, it should be appreciated that the invention applies equally to other meters and other systems. For example, FIG. 1 also may have been described in the context of a gas meter system, or a water meter system, or other similar system. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the example embodiment described with reference to FIG. 1.
• [0019]System100 includes aremote location110 in communication with an on-site location120. On-site location120 also is in communication with on-site locations130 and140.Remote location110 includes equipment capable of processing and centrally servingAMR system100. In particular,remote location110 may includecomputer servers111 in communication with anetwork112, which is further in communication withdatabases113. Although other components may be included atremote location110, the components depicted in FIG. 1 have been shown for the purposes of clarity and brevity. Generally,remote location110 may be located within a utility's organization, and may be capable of processing the usage data collected at on-site locations120,130 and140. As such, remote location may include equipment capable of providing information related to billing for the use of electric power at on-site locations120,130 and140.
• On-[0020]site location130 includes ameter131 and on-site location140 includes ameter141.Meters131 and141 collect electrical power usage at on-site locations130 and140, respectively. For example, on-site locations130 and140 may be residential customer premise locations, andmeters131 and141 may collect the electrical power used by the customer premises.Meters131 and141 may be single phase or three phase electrical or electronic meters. For example,meters131 and141 may be an A3 Alpha meter modified to communicate with data collector/meter121 wirelessly or otherwise (e.g., 900 MHz radio) and manufactured by ABB Inc. Although just two meters are shown in FIG. 1, it should be appreciated that any number of meters may be in communication with data collector/meter121. Also, although just one data collector/meter121 is shown in FIG. 1, it should be appreciated that there may be any number of such collectors in communication withremote location110. Furthermore, although the description focuses on the interaction withmeter131, it should be understood that all such discussion applies equally tometer141, or any other meters in communication with data collector/meter121.
• Data collector/[0021]meter121 may be responsible for reading and storing billing data frommeter131 and similar meters. As is described in detail U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ (Attorney Docket No. ABME-0796), filed Jun. 27, 2002, and entitled “Dynamic Self-Configuring Metering Network,” which is incorporated herein by reference,meter131 registers withcollector121. Oncemeter131 is registered tocollector131,collector121 may then be responsible for reading current billing data frommeter131 and storing the billing data in a database (not shown) located within data collector/meter121. Such data reads may be accomplished intermittently, continually (e.g., every 4 hours), or as a function of available network resources (e.g., during minimum data traffic times).
• Data collector/[0022]meter121 also may be responsible for knowing the billing date formeter131. Data collector/meter121 may then notifymeter131 as to when to store a copy of the current billing data and when to reset or clear its data. For example, data collector/meter121 may notifymeter131 to store a copy of its billing data at midnight of the billing date. Data collector/meter131 may then notifymeter131 to conduct a reset demand and to start the next billing cycle. When data collector/meter121 reads the data on the particular billing date, the data is stored within data collector/meter121. For example, data collector/meter121 may store the data in a storage device called “Previous Billing Data Table” located in data collector/meter121. Data collector/meter121 also may be responsible for notifyingmeter131 of a particular TOU schedule to be used bymeter131 and of notifyingmeter131 of any TOU season changes. Season change dates are similar to billing dates in that data collector/meter121 notifiesmeter131 to store a copy of the current data, and to conduct a reset demand. Data collector/meter121 may then read this season change copy of data and store it in a data location within data collector/meter121 called “Previous Season Data Table.”
• As[0023]meters131 and141 collect electric power usage data, the data may be stored withinmeters131 and141, and/or may be communicated with data collector/meter121 at on-site location120. As will be discussed in greater detail, the communication of the data frommeters131 and141 to data collector/meter121 may be accomplished immediately, or after some predetermined time period depending upon certain circumstances like the type of data to be communicated, the availability of the communication link, the time of day, and the time of year, etc.
• Data may be communicated between[0024]meter131 and data collector/meter121 overcommunication link105. Similarly, data may be communicated betweenmeter141 and data collector/meter121 overcommunication link106. Data provided to and collected at data collector/meter121 frommeters131 and141 may then be provided toremote location110 overcommunication link104. Also, although not shown with reference to FIG. 2, it should be appreciated thatmeter131 andmeter141 may communicate directly with one another, and that data collector/meter121 may communicate tometer131 throughmeter141, usingmeter141 as a repeater.
• Communication links[0025]104-106 may be wireless or wired links. For example, it may be desirable to provide low cost wireless communication techniques forcommunication links105 and106, as on-site locations120,130, and140 tend to be in relatively closer proximity to each other. Also, for example, it may be desirable to provide a wired communication technique forcommunication link104, asremote location110 tends to be a relatively greater distance from on-site location120 with data collector/meter121. Because the availability of on-site location120 with data collector/meter121 limits the number of longer distance links withremote location110, the often more reliable wired communication techniques may be a cost effective solution forcommunication link104. However, it should be appreciated that the invention contemplates communication links104-106 being either wired or wireless in any combination. For example, communication links104-106 are not limited to any network configuration, but may include any of the following techniques: Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Ethernet, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), and/or coaxial cable network, for example. In addition, communication links104-106 may employ secure communication methods including, for example, digital encryption and/or digital signature techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• Also, it should be appreciated that the formatting of the communicated data over communication links[0026]104-106 may be in any desirable format including transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP), electronic messaging format, extensible markup language (XML), Institute of Electrical/Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Standard 802.11, Bluetooth™, and X10™, and ANSI C12.21 Remote Communication Protocol, for example, to communicate data between data collector/meter121 andremote location110.
• Data Collector/Meter[0027]
• Data collector/[0028]meter121 may be an A3 Alpha™ meter available from ABB Inc. The A3 Alpha™ meter may be modified to include one or more network communication option boards including a WAN option board forcommunication link104 and a LAN Option Board (LANOB) forcommunication links105,106, etc. An example embodiment may use a Plain Old Telephone Service (POTs) modem option board for the wired WAN and a 900 MHz radio option board for the wireless LAN.
• By serving as a central point of communication between[0029]remote location110 and any number of on-site locations130 and140, data collector/meter121 serves to reduce the overall complexity and corresponding cost ofAMR system100. For example, the ability of data collector/meter121 to act as a gateway betweenremote location110 and on-site locations130 and140, while data collector/meter121 retains its operation as an electrical power meter, reduces the need for additional networking equipment. Also, because data collector/meter121 centralizes some of the intelligence and functionality found in higher cost meters,meters131 and141 may be lower cost meters capable of engaging in two-way communication with data collector/meter121.
• FIG. 2 provides a block diagram further detailing one example of a data collector/[0030]meter121. Although certain components are designated and discussed with reference to FIG. 2, it should be appreciated that the invention is not limited to such components. In fact, various other components typically found in an electronic meter will be a part of data collector/meter121, but have not been shown in FIG. 2 for the purposes of clarity and brevity. Also, the invention may use other components to accomplish the operation (as will be discussed) of data collector/meter121. The components that are shown and the functionality described for data collector/meter121 are provided as examples, and are not meant to be exclusive of other components or other functionality.
• As shown in FIG. 2, data collector/[0031]meter121 may include a meter210 (e.g., an A3 Alpha™ meter available from ABB Inc.) a WAN Option Board220 (e.g., a telephone modem) and a LAN Option Board230 (e.g., a 900 MHz radio).WAN Option board220 routes messages from network112 (via interface port202) to eithermeter210 orLAN Option Board230.LAN Option Board230 may use a transceiver (not shown), for example a 900 MHz radio, to communicate data tometer131. Also,LAN Option Board230 may have sufficient memory to store data frommeter131. This data may include, but is not limited to the following: current billing data (e.g., the present values stored and displayed by meter131), previous billing period data, previous season data, and load profile data.
• [0032]LAN Option Board230 also may communicate via a wired interface (e.g., RS232) tometer210.LAN Option Board230 may be capable of synchronizing its time to a real time clock (not shown) inmeter210 and thereby synchronize the LAN reference time to the time inmeter210. The communication interfaces and the collection and storage of metering data are handled by a computer (not shown) within data collector/meter121. The computer may include various other components (not shown) including programmable computer memory, databases, timing components (e.g., quartz crystals), application specific (ASIC) hardware circuits, network interface cards, and computer firmware, for example. Generally, the computer includes any computer hardware, software, or firmware needed to satisfy the operation of data collector/meter121 inAMR system100.
• FIG. 7 provides one example of the components that may be included with[0033]LAN Option Board230. However, FIG. 7 is not meant to be an exclusive representation of such components or their configurations.
• The responsibility of data collector/[0034]meter121 inAMR system100 is wide and varied. Generally, data collector/meter121 is responsible for managing, processing and routing data communicated withremote location110 and on-site locations130 and140.
• Data collector/[0035]meter121 reads usage data frommeter131 viainterface port201.Meter131 is generally a less complex device than data collector/meter121. In order to reduce the cost ofAMR system100,meter131 may have a computer with equal or less functionality as the computer in data collector/meter121. In order to provide two-way communication with data collector/meter121,meter131 may have a transceiver device similar to the transceiver in data collector/meter121.
• Usage data gathered by[0036]meter131 may be stored withinmeter131, or it may be provided immediately to data collector/meter121.Meter131 typically has limited storage capacity, and therefore may rely on data collector/meter121 to periodically read the data before it is overwritten.Meter131 may store and display the current energy consumption (kWh).Meter131 also may display the TOU energy consumption and the current peak demand for the billing period. In addition to this current data,meter131 may store a copy of this data taken at a critical interval, such as the monthly billing date or a season change date.
• Data collector/[0037]meter121 may continually or intermittently read the current data frommeter131 and store the data in a database (not shown) in data collector/meter121. Such current data may include but is not limited to the total kWh usage, the TOU kWh usage, the peak kW demand, and other status information frommeter131. Data collector/meter121 also may read and store previous billing and previous season data frommeter131 and store the data in the database in data collector/meter121.Meter131 may store a smaller quantity of load profile data (e.g, 24 hours of 15 minute data). Data collector/meter121 may read this data and store several days of profile data, for example, that otherwise may not be able to be stored in the limited memory ofmeter131. Whether data collector/meter121 reads previous billing, previous season, or load profile data frommeter131 is configurable and may vary. Accordingly, the invention is not limited to reading this or any other type of data over any particular interval. When data collector/meter121 is configured to read and store load profile data, the amount of data stored in data collector/meter121 is configurable and may vary.
• It is well known to those skilled in the art that electrical energy consumption may be measured in any number of ways including: TOU and demand-based reading. TOU-based usage reading refers to the notion of time-stamping the usage of electricity, such that a utility may bill a premium for power used at certain times of the day or year, as compared to other times. For example, in the summer, peak electric power usage times traditionally occur during the late afternoon. Therefore,[0038]meter131 may be equipped to measure the amount of electric power used during these intervals, so that the power usage may be billed differently (and perhaps higher) than at other time intervals.
• Demand-based usage readings determine peak power usages for a particular customer. For example, a demand-based usage reading may allow a utility to bill a premium for a customer that uses 20 kWh in a one hour time span, as compared to another customer that uses 20 kWh in a twenty-four hour time span. Because such concentrated electric power usage taxes the utility's power generation plants and distribution system, the customer may be billed at a higher rate.[0039]
• [0040]AMR system100 may be designed to permitmeter131 to measure usage based on these specific types of usage techniques, for example. Also, data collector/meter121 may be able to configuremeter131 with specific instructions to accomplish such usage reading techniques. For example, data collector/meter121 may be designed to instructmeter131 as to a particular time interval that demand-based data should be captured. Whenmeter131 is registered with data collector/meter121,computer servers111 assignmeter131 to a billing identifier, where the billing identifier defines the billing date formeter131. Data collector/meter121 also is programmed bycomputer server111 with a calendar of billing dates for each billing identification. It may be the responsibility of data collector/meter121 to notifymeter131 to store a copy of the current billing data and reset the peak demand at a certain time (e.g., midnight) of the billing date. This process is described in more detail in the following paragraphs.
• At a defined time interval (e.g., midnight crossing), data collector/[0041]meter121 checks if the billing date formeter131 is to occur at the next interval. For example, if the billing date is at the midnight crossing of Jun. 1, 2002, data collector/meter121 checks to ensure thatmeter131 is to perform a demand reset on Jun. 2, 2002. If data collector/meter121 determines that a billing date should occur within an upcoming period (e.g., within the next 24 hours), data collector/meter121 provides a message tometer131 to “arm” and to perform a demand reset at the next midnight crossing (e.g., Jun. 2, 2002). When this midnight crossing occurs,meter131 stores a copy of the current billing data, increments a demand reset count, where the demand reset count is used to identify the specific instance of billing data. Data collector/meter121 then resets the current billing data demand value (kW) to start a new billing cycle. After the midnight crossing occurs, data collector/meter121 reads the billing data copy stored inmeter131 so that it is readily available for retrieval byremote location110.
• Because[0042]meter131 does not typically have a real time clock, ifmeter131 were to lose power between the time that it is armed to perform the demand reset and the midnight crossing, it is possible thatmeter131 would not properly perform the demand reset at midnight. In addition to reading the billing data copy frommeter131, data collector/meter121 may continually read the current billing data frommeter131. After meter131 's billing date has occurred, data collector/meter121 will insure thatmeter131 has properly performed a demand reset setting information in the read message that forcesmeter131 to perform a demand reset. This is illustrated by the following example.
• On Jun. 1, 2002, the demand reset count in[0043]meter131 is 12. Data collector/meter121 recognizes thatmeter131 should perform a demand reset at midnight Jun. 2, 2002, and sends information in the read command to “arm”meter131 to perform the demand reset. At midnight on Jun. 2, 2002,meter131 stores a copy of the current billing data, increments the demand reset count to 13 and resets the current peak demand. Subsequent reads from data collector/meter121 instructmeter131 to perform a demand reset if the demand reset count inmeter131 is not equal to 13. Since the demand reset count is already equal to13,meter131 does not perform another demand reset. However, ifmeter131 had missed the midnight crossing due to a power loss, the message from data collector/meter121 would forcemeter131 to immediately store a copy of the billing data and reset demand.
• Also, data collector/[0044]meter121 can informmeter131 of upcoming events, such as day type, season type, etc. In particular, data collector/meter121 may letmeter131 know if a day type (e.g., holiday) change or season change is upcoming, so as to preventmeter131 from placing the data in the incorrect billing tier.
• With respect to certain TOU-based data collection techniques, data collector/[0045]meter121 may be capable of instructingmeter131 with certain information to facilitate such readings.Meter131 stores TOU switchpoints for a weekday schedule, a weekend schedule, and two holiday schedules. Data collector/meter121 is responsible for sending these schedules tometer131 and updating the schedules when required by time of year changes or emergency conditions. For example, during a change of season (i.e., a time of the year when usage rates are adjusted), data collector/meter121 may send messages tometer131 to update the weekday, weekend and holiday switchpoints that define the TOU schedule for the new season.
• Similar to the handling of billing dates, data collector/[0046]meter121 has a calendar that defines the season change dates for each TOU identifier, where each meter in the system may be defined to one of several (e.g., 5) TOU identifiers. Data collector/meter121 checks for season changes in advance (e.g., one day) and typically instructsmeter131 to perform a billing data copy and demand reset some time prior to (e.g., at midnight) the billing date. In addition to handling the demand reset as is done for the billing date, data collector/meter121 reads the billing data copy frommeter131 and stores it in data collector/meter121 (e.g., Previous Season Data Table). Data collector/meter121 may then send messages to meter131 (e.g., broadcast to all meters associated with the TOU Id) to update the TOU schedules per the new season.
• The updating of TOU schedules on season changes events may be accomplished using unicast (i.e., directed to a particular meter) or broadcast techniques (i.e., directed to all of the meters served by the collector).[0047]
• TOU schedules may be provided by data collector/[0048]meter121 using any number of techniques. For example, data collector/meter121 may “broadcast” TOU schedules to each of the meters it serves. The TOU schedules may be broadcast along with the standard network reference time signal, discussed above. As such, the TOU schedules may be broadcast intermittently or continuously, as desired by the network configuration. When a new meter entersAMR system100, data collector/meter121 may send the new meter a default TOU schedule. Transmission of the TOU schedule to the new meter may be accomplished using individual or broadcast transmission, or both.
• Data collector/[0049]meter121 also is responsible for communicating any change of a meter's identification information (e.g., billing identification or TOU identification). For example, ifremote location110 changes a TOU identification that is assigned tometer131, data collector/meter121 will conduct a registration procedure (as discussed with reference to FIG. 3) to update the storage inmeter131 that defines the TOU identification.
• Generally, although data collector/[0050]meter121 receives the pertinent usage data frommeter131, data collector/meter121 may not be required to interpret or process such data. In the interest of simplifying data collector/meter121, certain intelligence and functionality may be placed within the components at remote location110 (e.g., computer servers111). For example, data collector/meter121 may identify data frommeter131 toremote location110 with a certain alphanumeric code that is understood atremote location110. Similarly,meter131 may have multiple data sets, each with a unique identification code provided by data collector/meter121. In this way,remote location110 may be responsible for collating and processing the usage data, and data collector/meter121 may just be responsible for routing the data frommeter131 with the proper identifier. Alternatively, data collector/meter121 is not so limited, and may accomplish some data interpretation as is necessary.
• One particular operation that may be accomplished by data collector/[0051]meter121 is the maintenance, synchronization, and distribution of network time references. Lower cost meters, likemeter131, may not be equipped with a real time clock. As a result, whenmeter131 loses power, it will lose its network time reference when power returns. Therefore, data collector/meter121 may provide network time references tometer131. In this way, data collector/meter121 ensures that meter131 (and any other meters served by data collector/meter121—e.g., meter141) is operating on a proper time reference. As described above, for TOU and demand-based usage measurements, havingmeter131 operate on a particular standard time reference ensures that power usage will be billed properly and in accordance with predetermined time-based billing rates.
• Providing the proper time standard at the point of data collection (i.e., meter[0052]131), instead of at another point in AMR system100 (e.g., remote location110) provides greater synchronization between when a particular quantity of energy was used. Also, allowing data collector/meter121 to distribute and synchronize time tometer131 limits the dependence on the often unreliable communication links fromremote location110 tometer131. In this way,AMR system100 provides an added level of assurance that a certain quantity of energy was used during the designated time interval; a correlation that is significant to the operation of TOU and demand-based usage measurement techniques. Also, distributing the time reference from data collector/meter121 tometer131 provides additional reliability due to the closer proximity of data collector/meter121 tometer131.
• In order to facilitate allowing data collector/[0053]meter121 to communicate the proper time reference to each of the meters it servers (e.g.,meter131 and141), a “broadcast” transmission technique may be employed. The broadcast technique refers to allowing data collector/meter121 to transmit one time signal to all of the meters that it serves. Where communication links105 and106 are wireless, for example, data collector/meter121 may simply transmit one wireless signal tometers131 and141. The time reference signal may be sent at certain intervals (e.g., hourly, daily) or continuously to ensure that the meters served by data collector/meter121 receive the time reference signal.
• Data collector/[0054]meter121 may be responsible for registering and identifying particular meters onAMR system100. Such registration may occur, for example, when a new meter is added toAMR system100, when a new collector is added, and/or when an existing meter determines that it will be best served by another (perhaps closer in proximity) collector. In fact, in maintainingAMR system100, data collector/meter121 allowsmeters131 and141 to switch from data collector/meter121 to a different collector (not shown). In order to ensure that data is not lost during the collector transition, both data collector/meter121 and the new collector may retrieve information from the switching meter, as will be discussed. Also, the old collector (i.e., the collector from which the meter has transitioned) will store the data from the meter before it switches to the new collector. Such data may be stored in a table called “Old Node Data Log.” By storing the data in such a log, the system is ensured of collecting the data from the switching meter, in case the data is lost when the meter switches to the new collector.
• FIG. 3 provides a flow diagram describing the method by which data collector/[0055]meter121registers meter131. Instep301, data collector/meter121 finds and registersmeter131 and reads the TOU Id frommeter131. When initially installed,meter131 will have a default TOU Id. Ifmeter131 had previously been registered to a different collector, the TOU Id read by data collector/meter121 would be the id assigned by the old data collector/meter. Instep302, data collector/meter121 updates its internal data tables to listmeter131 and assign it to the TOU Id read frommeter131. Instep303, data collector/meter121 reads the previous billing data frommeter131 and stores the data in data collector/meter121. For example, data may be stored in a “Previous Billing Data Table” and a “Previous Season Data Table.” Instep304, data collector/meter121 may make an exception call toremote location110 to informcomputer servers111 indicating that it has registered a new meter (e.g., meter131). Instep305,remote location110 assignsmeter131 to a billing id and a TOU Id.
• In[0056]step306, it is determined whethermeter131 had previously been registered with a different collector. Ifmeter131 had previously been registered with a different collector, the TOU Id would have been set inmeter131 and would typically be set correctly in data collector/meter121, and the process is done instep309. Transferring the TOU Id to the new collector preventsmeter131 from reverting to a default TOU Id, which would likely causemeter131 to use an incorrect TOU schedule and store data in the incorrect TOU billing locations or “buckets.”
• The billing id may be assigned by[0057]remote location110 and updated in data collector/meter121. The billing id may be stored in data collector/meter121 and may be used to determine the date that data collector/meter121 communicates a demand reset message tometer131. Until updated byremote location110, data collector/meter121 assignsmeter131 to billing id0. A billing date for this id is not defined, which means that data collector/meter121 may not tellmeter131 to perform a demand reset. This mechanism prevents data collector/meter121 from tellingmeter131 to perform a demand reset on the incorrect billing date.
• If it is determined in[0058]step306 thatmeter131 is not switching from data collector/meter121 to another collector, instep307,remote location110 ensures that the demand reset or previous billing data frommeter131 stored in data collector/meter121 is relevant data that has not yet been read byremote location110. The demand reset count read frommeter131 is used byremote location110 to determine if the data is previous billing or previous season data.
• In[0059]step308, the data collector/meter uses a Registration Procedure to communicate the assigned TOU Id tometer131.Meter131 uses the TOU Id to store the correct TOU schedules.
• Data collector/[0060]meter121 also may be designed to gather load profile data from any configurable set of meters. In particular, because as discussed,meter131 may be capable of storing a certain interval of data (e.g., data collected over a 24-hour period), data collector/meter121 may be variably configured to retrieve the stored load profile data over a group of meters. For example, the number of meters profiled by data collector/meter121 and the amount of data stored for each meter may be configured within data collector/meter121.
• In just one embodiment, for example, data collector/[0061]meter121 could be configured to store data for fifty meters having forty days of stored data for each meter. In another embodiment, for example, data collector/meter121 could be configured to store data for five hundred meters having four days of stored data for each meter. FIG. 4 provides an example of a load profile table that is capable of storing13 intervals of data. Data collector/meter121 may be configured to read the load profile data frommeters131 and141 frequently enough to ensure that there is no data lost in the transmission. Data collector/meter121 may read the similar interval data multiple times, but it only appends new data to the existing data in the collector database.
• In addition to dynamically allocating the amount of memory used to collect load profile data, the number of meters for which data collector/[0062]meter121 stores basic data (e.g., current billing data, previous billing data, and previous season data) is configurable. Changing the number of meters supported changes the amount of memory available for load profile. A data collector may support, for example more than 500 meters, but any number of meters may be supported. To increase the amount of memory available for load profile data, the data collector could be configured to only store data for 250 meters, for example.
• Data collector/[0063]meter121 also permitsremote location110 to direct specific real-time commands tometer131. For example, if certain emergency conditions exist (e.g., rolling brownout or blackout), the utility may desire to modify a TOU schedule on a short-term basis. Also, short-term TOU schedule adjustments may be desirable for certain extreme weather conditions (e.g., hottest or coldest days).AMR system100 permits data collector/meter121 to send instructions tometer131 to conduct a temporal “override” of the set TOU schedule. When the interval for the override expires,meter131 is directed to return to the set TOU schedule. For example, data collector/meter121 may directmeter131 to bill at a higher rate tomorrow from 4 pm to 6 pm, due to expected weather conditions. At 6 pm,meter131 may be directed to resume normal TOU scheduling.
• Data collector/[0064]meter121 may accomplish such short-term override of TOU schedule on a broad basis by using a broadcast transmission procedure to all of its served meters. Such messaging may be carried further to alert the customer premise of the impending TOU schedule change, so as to counteract the increased billing rate and promote lower energy usage. For example,meter131 may send a message to a unit within the customer premise (e.g., an electronic thermostat) to increase the energy usage during the lower billing period, and decrease the energy usage during the higher billing period.
• Similar to short-term overrides of TOU schedules, data collector/[0065]meter121 may accomplish on-demand reads and writes withmeter131. For example, the utility may desire certain usage data immediately over a range of meters, or all data from a particular meter. Data collector/meter121 accommodates such on-demand reads. Also, on-demand writes from data collector/meter121 tometer131 may be desired. For example, if a customer desires to change its billing schedule/date or TOU schedule/rate, a utility's customer service can initiate a write tometer131 via data collector/meter121 as the customer is on the telephone making the request. Such on-demand reads and writes may be conducted directly byremote location110 to a particular meter, using a “pass through” procedure, where data collector/meter121 simply routes the request tometer131.
• Data collector/[0066]meter121 also provides support for certain special requests fromremote location110. For example, ifremote location110 wants certain meter data (e.g., meters with billing dates on a certain date, or get previous season data for all the meters that changed seasons), data collector/meter121 supports filtered requests. Such filtered data requests can request data from all meters, a particular meter, all meters associated with a particular billing identification, and/or all meters associated with a particular TOU identification, for example. Also, specific data-based filters may be applied to the request. For example, a filter may provide only report data for a meter if the meter's data is out of date by a certain number of hours.
• Illustrative Computing Environment for Automated Meter Reading System[0067]
• FIG. 5 depicts an[0068]exemplary computing system500 in accordance with the invention. Portions of computing system may be a part of computer203 in data collector/meter121.Computing system500 is capable of executing acomputing application580athat allows users to gain access to data access files, for example.Example computing system500 is controlled primarily by computer-readable instructions, which may be in the form of software, hardware, and/or firmware, wherever, or by whatever means such software is stored or accessed. Such software may be executed within central processing unit (CPU)510 to causedata processing system500 to do work. In many known workstations and personal computers,central processing unit510 is implemented by a single-chip CPU called a microprocessor.Coprocessor515 is an optional processor, distinct frommain CPU510 that performs additional functions orassists CPU510. One common type of coprocessor is the floating-point coprocessor, also called a numeric or math coprocessor, which is designed to perform numeric calculations faster and better than general-purpose CPU510. Recently, however, the functions of many coprocessors have been incorporated into more powerful single-chip microprocessors.
• In operation,[0069]CPU510 fetches, decodes, and executes instructions, and transfers information to and from other resources via the computer's main data-transfer path,system bus505. Such a system bus connects the components incomputing system500 and defines the medium for data exchange.System bus505 typically includes data lines for sending data, address lines for sending addresses, and control lines for sending interrupts and for operating the system bus. An example of such a system bus is the PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. Some of today's advanced busses provide a function called bus arbitration that regulates access to the bus by extension cards, controllers, andCPU510. Devices that attach to these busses and arbitrate to take over the bus are called bus masters. Bus master support also allows multiprocessor configurations of the busses to be created by the addition of bus master adapters containing a processor and its support chips.
• Memory devices coupled to[0070]system bus505 include random access memory (RAM)525 and read only memory (ROM)530. Such memories include circuitry that allows information to be stored and retrieved.ROMs530 generally contain stored data that cannot be modified. Data stored inRAM525 can be read or changed byCPU510 or other hardware devices. Access to RAM525 and/orROM530 may be controlled bymemory controller520.Memory controller520 may provide an address translation function that translates virtual addresses into physical addresses as instructions are executed.Memory controller520 also may provide a memory protection function that isolates processes within the system and isolates system processes from user processes. Thus, a program running in user mode can access only memory mapped by its own process virtual address space; it cannot access memory within another process's virtual address space unless memory sharing between the processes has been established.
• In addition,[0071]computing system500 may containperipherals controller535 responsible for communicating instructions fromCPU510 to peripherals, such as,printer540,keyboard545,mouse550, anddisk drive555.Disk drive555 may be a hard-drive device, for example.
• [0072]Display565, which is controlled by display controller560, is used to display visual output generated by computingsystem500. Such visual output may include text, graphics, animated graphics, and video.Display565 may be implemented with a CRT-based video display, an LCD-based flat-panel display, gas plasma-based flat-panel display, or a touch-panel.Display controller563 includes electronic components required to generate a video signal that is sent to display565.
• Further,[0073]computing system500 may containnetwork adapter570, which may be used to connectcomputing system500 to an external communication network560. Communications network560 may provide computer users with techniques for communicating and transferring software and information electronically. Additionally, communications network560 may provide distributed processing, which involves several computers and the sharing of workloads or cooperative efforts in performing a task. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are examples and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
• Illustrative Computer Network Environment for Automated Meter Reading System[0074]
• As noted above, the computer described with respect to FIG. 5 can be deployed as part of a computer network. In general, the above description applies to both server computers and client computers deployed in a network environment. FIG. 6 provides an example of a[0075]network environment600, with aserver computer602,605 in communication withclient computers601,606,607 via acommunications network660, in which the invention may be employed.
• As shown in FIG. 6, a number of[0076]servers602,605 are interconnected via a communications network660 (which may be a LAN, WAN, intranet or the Internet, for example) with a number ofclient computers601,606,607, or computing devices, such as,mobile phone601 and personaldigital assistant603. In a network environment in which thecommunications network660 is the Internet, for example, theservers602,605 can be Web servers with which theclients601,606,607 communicate via any of a number of known protocols, such as, hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) or wireless application protocol (WAP), as well as other innovative communication protocols. Eachclient computer601,606,607 can be equipped withcomputing application580ato gain access to theservers602,605. Similarly, personaldigital assistant603 can be equipped withcomputing application580bandmobile phone604 can be equipped withcomputing application580cto display and receive various data. It should also be appreciated that personaldigital assistant603 andmobile phone604 may be used to request access and/or data fromservers602,605.
• The invention is directed to a system, method, and metering device communicating data in an automated meter reading system. The invention was described in the context of wired and wireless data communication system, but is not so limited to, regardless of any specific description in the drawing or examples set forth herein. For example, the invention may be applied to non-traditional networks like Voice-over-IP-based networks, or virtual private networks, for example. Also, although the invention was described in the context of electrical power meters, it should be appreciated that the invention applies equally to communications with any type of service meter, including water and gas meters, for example. Also, the format and protocols used by the data files are not limited to any particular type.[0077]
• It will be understood that the invention is not limited to use of any of the particular components or devices herein. Indeed, this invention can be used in any application that requires controlling access to data captured by an electric power meter. Further, the system disclosed in the invention can be used with the method of the invention or a variety of other applications.[0078]
• While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments specifically disclosed herein. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and adaptations of the invention may be made in the form and details of these embodiments without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.[0079]

Claims (60)

What is claimed is:

1. An electronic utility meter, comprising:

a first port for communicating data with one or more other electronic meters;

a second port for communicating data with a network;

a transceiver in communication with the first port and the second port, wherein the transceiver communicates data between the other electronic meter and the computer; and

a computer in communication with the transceiver.

2. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the electronic utility meter is at least one of the following: a gas meter, a water meter, and an electric power meter.

3. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the network comprises a central computer at a utility in communication with a billing system.

4. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the data is communicated as a function of predetermined criteria.

5. The meter ofclaim 4, wherein the predetermined criteria filter the data provided by the electronic utility meter to the other meters.

6. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the transceiver routes the data from the network to the other meters.

7. The meter ofclaim 1, further comprising a data storage device for data received from the other meters and from the network.

8. The meter ofclaim 7, wherein the data storage device provides the stored data to the network when requested by the network.

9. The meter ofclaim 7, wherein the data storage device provides the stored data to the other meters when requested by the network.

10. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the computer provides timing data to the other meters.

11. The meter ofclaim 10, wherein the timing data is transmitted to the other meters at a substantially similar time.

12. The meter ofclaim 10, wherein the timing data is transmitted to the other meters at different times.

13. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the data comprises at least one of the following: time-of-use data and demand data.

14. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between the electronic utility meter and the other meters is accomplished via wireless techniques.

15. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between the electronic utility meter and the other meters is accomplished via wired techniques.

16. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between the electronic utility meter and the network is accomplished via wireless techniques.

17. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between the electronic utility meter and the network is accomplished via wired techniques.

18. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between the electronic utility meter and the other meters is accomplished using at least one of the following techniques: TCP/IP, Internet, electronic messaging, XML, digital encryption, digital signature, Ethernet, DSL, Cable Modem, 802.11, Bluetooth, and X10.

19. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the communication between the electronic utility meter and the computer is accomplished using at least one of the following techniques: TCP/IP, Internet, electronic messaging, XML, digital encryption, digital signature, Ethernet, DSL, Cable Modem, 802.11, Bluetooth, and X10.

20. The meter ofclaim 1, further comprising receiving a query from a customer premise to the electronic utility meter via the other meter.

21. The meter ofclaim 20, wherein the customer premise provides the query to the electronic utility meter using access identification.

22. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the data represents utility usage.

23. The meter ofclaim 22, wherein the utility includes at least one of the following: water, gas, and electricity.

24. The meter ofclaim 22, wherein the utility usage is determined over a billing period.

25. The meter ofclaim 24, wherein the billing period represents one or more days.

26. The meter ofclaim 24, wherein the billing period represents a season of the year.

27. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the data represents a billing rate to be applied to utility usage.

28. The meter ofclaim 27, wherein the billing rate is provided for one or more days.

29. The meter ofclaim 27, wherein the billing rate is provided for a season of the year.

30. The meter ofclaim 1, further comprising communicating a demand reset request from the electronic utility to the other meters at a predetermined interval.

31. The meter ofclaim 30, wherein the predetermined interval is at least one of the following: a billing change date, and a season change date.

32. The meter ofclaim 30, further comprising continuously verifying that the demand reset was accomplished in the other meters.

33. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the electronic utility meter transmits identification designations to the other meters.

34. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the electronic utility meter transmits time-of-use designations to the other meters.

35. The meter ofclaim 34, wherein the electronic utility meter transmits time-of-use schedules to the other meters as a function of the time-of-use designations.

36. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the electronic utility meter registers the other meters such that data is not lost.

37. The meter ofclaim 1, wherein the electronic utility meter receives load profile data from the other meters.

38. The meter ofclaim 37, wherein receiving the load profile data is a function of at least one of the following predetermined criteria: the quantity of load profile data, a time of the day, a day of the year, and a season of the year.

39. A method for communicating data in an automated meter reading system, comprising:

communicating data with a network and a first electronic utility meter; and

communicating the data with the first electronic utility meter and one or more other meters.

40. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising communicating the data as a function of predetermined criteria.

41. The method ofclaim 40, wherein the predetermined criteria filter the data provided by the first meter to the other meters.

42. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising routing data from the network to the other meters via the first meter.

43. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising storing the data in the first meter received from the other meters.

44. The method ofclaim 43, further comprising providing the stored data to the network when requested by the network.

45. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising the first meter providing timing data to the other meters.

46. The method ofclaim 45, wherein the timing data is transmitted to the other meters by the first meter at a substantially similar time.

47. The method ofclaim 45, wherein the timing data is transmitted to the other meters at distinct times.

48. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising receiving a query from a customer premise to the first meter via the other meter.

49. The method ofclaim 48, wherein the customer premise provides the query to the first meter using access identification.

50. The method ofclaim 39, wherein the data represents utility usage.

51. The method ofclaim 39, wherein the data represents a billing rate to be applied to utility usage.

52. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising communicating a demand reset request from the first meter to the other meters at a predetermined interval.

53. The method ofclaim 52, wherein the predetermined interval is at least one of the following: a billing change date, a season change date.

54. The method ofclaim 52, further comprising continuously verifying that the demand reset was accomplished in the other meters.

55. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising the first meter assigning identification designations to the other meters.

56. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising the first meter assigning time-of-use designations to the other meters.

57. The method ofclaim 56, further comprising the first meter assigning time-of-use schedules to the other meters as a function of the time-of-use designations.

58. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising the first meter registering the other meters such that data is not lost.

59. The method ofclaim 39, further comprising the first meter receiving load profile data from the other meters.

60. A data collector device, comprising:

a first port for communicating data with one or more other electronic meters;

a second port for communicating data with a network;

a transceiver in communication with the first port and the second port, wherein the transceiver communicates data between the other electronic meter and the computer; and

a computer in communication with the transceiver, wherein the computer routes the data from the network to the electronic meter.

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