US20040112981A1 - Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window, and a first heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel, characterized by an auxiliary heating element being disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel, wherein the auxiliary heating element is disposed at a bottom portion of the vessel and is operative to heat a quantity of fluid which is not necessarily sufficient to cover the first heating element.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates generally to apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window.[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• Various methods and devices are known in the art for providing a spray of heated water or other washing fluid onto the windows of a vehicle. The heated fluid is particularly advantageous in removing ice from the vehicle windshield in cold weather. This ice removal function requires that a driver of the vehicle wait while the fluid is heated, before the windshield can be de-iced. Methods and devices known in the art are impractical for this purpose, however, since they typically use heat or electricity generated by the vehicle engine itself to heat the fluid requiring the driver to wait an unacceptably long time for the fluid to reach a suitable temperature.[0002]
• Using the vehicle battery to heat the fluid, independent of the vehicle engine, is also problematic because of the large current draw required to heat a sufficient quantity of fluid to effectively de-ice the windshield. The battery cannot typically provide sufficient current to heat the vehicle's entire reservoir of washing fluid in a reasonable amount of time. Although methods and devices have been suggested for heating the fluid on-line, as it is about to be sprayed on the windshield, the battery also cannot provide enough current to heat a spray of sufficient volume to a high enough temperature to achieve effective de-icing.[0003]
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,509,606 describes a hot wash device for an automobile windshield, which includes a container into which washing fluid from a reservoir is pumped and in which the fluid is heated by an electrical heating element before it is sprayed onto the windshield. The container is insulated and includes a thermostat that is used to ensure that the temperature of the fluid does not exceed a predetermined maximum. The container is kept full, with heat applied as needed to bring the cold fluid pumped into the container up to the desired temperature.[0004]
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,040 describes electric apparatus for washing window glass or a vehicle. An insulated container is positioned between a reservoir of cold washing fluid and spray outlets to the vehicle window, in a position lower than the reservoir so as to be kept full of fluid. When the vehicle ignition is turned on, an electric heater heats the fluid in the container and remains active while the vehicle is in use. There is no provision, however, for rapid start-up and heating to de-ice the vehicle window.[0005]
• U.S. Pat. No. 4,090,668 describes a windshield washing and deicing system which includes a reservoir having a sealed container therein. A pump transfers washer fluid from the reservoir to the container and from the container to a plurality of nozzles. Heated engine coolant is passed through a conduit in the reservoir. Electrical resistance wire heats the fluid in the container whenever the temperature drops below a certain minimum. Solenoid valves direct the spray from the tank to he front or rear window of the vehicle, but there is no suggestion of using the valves for any other fluid control purposes.[0006]
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,012,977, describes a vehicle window washer in which washer fluid in a reservoir is heated, and in which a pump for spraying the fluid on the vehicle window has a variable outlet pressure. The temperature of the fluid in the reservoir is sensed, and the pump outlet pressure is varied accordingly in an inverse manner with temperature or the washer fluid, so as to maintain a more consistent fluid deposit on the window, as the fluid viscosity changes with temperature.[0007]
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,965 describes a system for electrically heating a volume of windshield cleaning fluid in a motor vehicle. A vessel is filled with the volume of fluid to be heated, using PTC thermistors or other electrical heating elements. A control circuit regulates the length of time that the fluid is heated, in accordance with a prevailing ambient temperature, before the fluid is sprayed on the windshield. The circuit also prevents operation of the fluid heating when the vehicle engine is not running.[0008]
• PCT Application PCT/ US98/13023, assigned to the present assignee, describes de-icing apparatus in which a vessel is provided for heating a washing fluid before the fluid is discharged toward a window of a vehicle. Before the fluid is introduced into the vessel, the vessel is preheated, preferably by passing an electrical current through a heating element in the vessel for about one minute or less. When preheating is completed, the fluid is allowed into the vessel and is rapidly heated by contact therewith, leading to an increase in pressure in the vessel due to vaporization of a portion of the fluid. The fluid is then discharged at a desired temperature and pressure so as to clean and/or de-ice the window.[0009]
• Although the preheating of the vessel draws only a moderate electrical input from the vehicle battery, it enables a sufficient quantity of hot fluid to be generated for de-icing the window before starting the vehicle more rapidly than in any practical window cleaning system known in the art. Moreover, the pressure generated by vaporization of the fluid helps to clear ice or other blockages that may have formed in tubing or nozzles through which the fluid is sprayed onto the window. It is also noted that spraying the heated fluid on the window's exterior surface effectively defogs its interior surface, as well.[0010]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• It is an object of the present invention to provide improvements to the apparatus and methods for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window disclosed in PCT Application PCT/US98/13023.[0011]
• In preferred embodiments of the present invention, a vessel is provided for heating a washing fluid before the fluid is discharged toward a window of a vehicle. Before the fluid is introduced into the vessel, the vessel is preheated, preferably by passing an electrical current through a heating element in the vessel for about one minute, for example, when preheating is completed, the fluid is allowed into the vessel and is rapidly heated by contact therewith, leading to an increase in pressure in the vessel due to vaporization of a portion of the fluid. The fluid is then discharged at a desired temperature and pressure so as to clean and/or de-ice the window.[0012]
• Although the preheating of the vessel draws only a moderate electrical input from the vehicle battery, it enables a sufficient quantity of hot fluid to be generated for de-icing the window before starting the vehicle more rapidly than in any practical window cleaning system known in the art.[0013]
• In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, after an initial quantity of the fluid has been heated and discharged from the vessel, a further quantity is introduced into the vessel and immediately heated. Once the further quantity has reached a desired temperature, it too is discharged, preferably after a delay of several seconds. This process continues for repeated heat/discharge cycles, until the window has been completely cleaned and de-iced. Preferably, the heat/discharge cycles are timed in a sequence whose parameters, such as discharge duration and intervals between discharges, are varied in accordance with ambient temperatures of the vehicle and the unheated fluid.[0014]
• It will be understood that the term “vehicle” as used in the context of the present patent application and in the claims can refer to any type of wheeled vehicle having windows, such as an automobile or truck, as well as to a boat or airplane. Furthermore, the term “window,” although typically referring to a windshield of a vehicle, can refer to any transparent surface, including side and rear windows and outer mirrors, as well as covers of headlights and the like. In addition, whenever the term “cleaning” is used in the present application and in the claims in reference to an action involving spraying heated fluid on a window, the term will be understood to comprehend de-icing, as well. Those skilled in the art will appreciated that the principles of the present invention may be adapted for cleaning and de-icing other surfaces, including internal windows and mirrors. Nor example, as well as for supplying fluid for other purposes. For example, the system of the present invention provides a bypass route for washer fluid to be directly sprayed on the windshield for routine cleaning thereof.[0015]
• There is thus provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged or cleaning a vehicle window, and a first heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel, characterized by an auxiliary heating element being disposed in the vessel for hearing the fluid in the vessel, wherein the auxiliary heating element is disposed at a bottom portion of the vessel and is operative to heat a quantity of fluid which is not necessary sufficient to cover the first heating element.[0016]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is also provided a plurality of sensors which feed data concerning at least one of a temperature and a fluid level of the fluid in the vessel to a controller, the controller controlling energization of the first and auxiliary heating elements in response to the data.[0017]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged, a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window, and a heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel, characterized by a temperature sensor mounted in propinquity to the spray head, the temperature sensor being in communication with a controller which controls heating of the heating element in response to a temperature sensed by the temperature sensor.[0018]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged, a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window, and a heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel characterized by a wind speed sensor in communication with a controller, wherein the controller correlates a wind speed sensed by the wind speed sensor to a temperature of the fluid sprayed from the spray head, and controls heating of the heating element in response to the wind speed sensed by the wind speed sensor.[0019]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is also provided a vehicle speed sensor, wherein the controller also correlates a vehicle speed sensed by the vehicle speed sensor to a temperature of the fluid sprayed from the spray head, and controls heating of the heating element in response to the vehicle speed sensed by the vehicle speed sensor.[0020]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window, and a first heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in he vessel, characterized by a pumping system in fluid communication with the reservoir and the vessel which selectively pumps fluid from the reservoir to the vessel and drains the fluid from the vessel back to the reservoir.[0021]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the pumping system includes at least one solenoid in fluid communication with the reservoir and the vessel and switchable from a first position to a second position, wherein in the first position the at least one solenoid permits flow from the reservoir to the vessel and substantially prevents draining the fluid from the vessel back to the reservoir, and wherein in the second position the at least one solenoid permits draining the fluid from the vessel back to the reservoir and substantially prevents flow from the reservoir to the vessel.[0022]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the pumping system includes a reversible pump which in a first operating orientation pumps the fluid from the reservoir to the vessel and in a second operating orientation pumps the fluid from the vessel back to the reservoir. Preferably the reversible pump includes a geared pump.[0023]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged, a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window, a windshield wiper for wiping the window, and characterized by the spray head including a multi-outlet spray head that includes a plurality of spray outlets.[0024]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a controller is provided which controls a spraying pattern of the plurality of outlets.[0025]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a sensor is provided for sensing an angular position of the windshield wiper, wherein the controller controls the spraying pattern of the plurality of outlets in accordance with the angular position of the windshield wiper. A motor is preferably provided which actuates the windshield wiper.[0026]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a cam is mounted on the windshield wiper, the cam selectively opening the outlets to permit flow of the fluid there through.[0027]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a motor is provided which actuates the windshield wiper and a sensor for sensing a torque of the motor, wherein the controller controls the spraying pattern of the plurality of outlets in accordance with the torque of the motor.[0028]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the windshield wiper wipes the window between two limits of travel, and the windshield wiper is placeable in a summer parking mode and a winter parking mode, wherein in the summer parking mode, the wiper is at rest generally at one of he limits of travel, and wherein in the winter parking mode, the wiper is between the limits of travel.[0029]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged, a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window, a windshield wiper for wiping the window, and characterized by the windshield wiper having a longitudinal bore formed therethrough for flow of the fluid therethrough, wherein the bore fluidly communicates with a plurality of outlet holes formed in the wiper for applying the fluid on the window.[0030]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the fluid enters the bore at one end of the wiper and an opposite end of the wiper is substantially sealed.[0031]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which he washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window, and characterized by further including a cartridge which dispenses an additive to the fluid prior to discharging the fluid.[0032]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the cartridge includes a solid block of the additive.[0033]
• Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the cartridge fits into an apertured holder which is sealed by a plug, the plug including a threaded neck and a neck portion formed with a plurality of through holes, the holes being in fluid communication with a bore which is in turn in fluid communication with the apertured holder, and wherein the threaded neck can be screwed into a container through which the fluid can flow into the vessel, wherein the additive is mixed with the fluid as the fluid flows through the container.[0034]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window, and characterized by further including a fluid authorization system for verifying use of an authorized fluid.[0035]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the fluid authorization system includes a membrane constructed of a material that disintegrates if it is not in the presence of a fluid authorized for use.[0036]
• There is also provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, including a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid, a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window, and characterized by further including at least one tube in fluid communication with the fluid and a solenoid which selectively squeezes and seals the at least one tube to prevent passage of the fluid therethrough and selectively permits flow of the fluid therethrough.[0037]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus is also provided to prevent damage due o freezing of the fluid.[0038]
• Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the apparatus to prevent damage includes a platform arranged for sliding in the vessel, the platform being operative to slide due to a force of the fluid pressing thereagainst during freezing of the fluid.[0039]
• Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the apparatus to prevent damage includes a cap attached to the vessel and which is operative to move away from the vessel due to a force of the fluid pressing thereagainst during freezing of the fluid.[0040]
• Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention apparatus is provided for shutting off electrical supply to the heating element.[0041]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the apparatus for shutting off electrical supply includes a fuse electrically connected to the heating element.[0042]
• Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the fuse is internal to the vessel and is in contact with the washing fluid in the vessel.[0043]
• Still further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the fuse includes a body to which is soldered a cap portion at a soldered connection, the cap portion being biased by a biasing device, the fuse being electrically connected to the heating element through the soldered connection, wherein upon reaching a predetermined temperature, the soldered connection becomes weakened due to at least partial melting thereof, and the biasing device urges the cap portion off the body, thereby causing a break in electrical supply to the heating element.[0044]
• Additionally in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the fuse is mounted on a base which is sealed with respect to the vessel by means of an endcap which presses the base against an O-ring mounted on the vessel.[0045]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the apparatus for shutting off electrical supply includes a fuse which is physically internal to and electrically connected to the heating element.[0046]
• Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the apparatus for shutting off electrical supply includes a first FET in electrical communication with the controller, a fuse external to the vessel and operatively connected to the first FET, a second FET operatively connected to the fuse, the second FET in communication with at least one of the temperature sensor, a thermostat mounted in the vessel, and logic circuit in electrical communication with the second FET.[0047]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention if no command signal is sent to the first FET from the controller, the first FET is open, and the heating element is not energized. If a command signal is sent to the first FET from the controller the first FET is closed and the heating element is energized. If no command signal is sent to the first FET from the controller, but a near zero voltage drop exists across the first FET, then the second FET is commanded to close, thereby sending a current through the fuse which breaks the fuse and disconnects electrical supply to the heating element. If a command signal is sent to the first FET from the controller, but a voltage drop generally greater than zero exists across the first FET, then the apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window is commanded to shut down.[0048]
• Further in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention a solenoid is in direct electrical communication with a control circuit printed circuit board (PCB) mounted in the vessel, the solenoid determining whether the fluid flows directly to the spray head or flows to the spray head via the vessel. The solenoid is preferably attached to the PCB.[0049]
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the PCB is selectively connectable to a vehicle computer, wherein operation of the solenoid and the apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window is controllable by at leant one of the PCB and the vehicle computer.[0050]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof, taken together with the drawings in which:[0051]
• FIG. 1 is a schematic, pictorial illustration showing apparatus for cleaning a windshield of an automobile with heated washing fluid, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0052]
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing details of the cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0053]
• FIG. 3 is a simplified pictorial illustration of a filling and drainage pumping system useful in the window de-icing and cleaning apparatus of FIG. 2, constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0054]
• FIG. 4 is a simplified pictorial illustration or a filling and drainage pumping system useful in the window de-icing and cleaning apparatus of FIG. 2, constructed and operative in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0055]
• FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating operation of the apparatus of FIG. 1, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention,[0056]
• FIG. 6 is a simplified pictorial illustration of a multi-outlet spray head constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0057]
• FIG. 7 is a simplified pictorial illustration or a multi-outlet spray head constructed and operative in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention:[0058]
• FIGS. 8 and 9 are simplified pictorial illustrations of a windshield wiper actuator system constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 8 illustrates a summer parking mode and FIG. 9 illustrates a winter parking mode;[0059]
• FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of the windshield wiper actuator system of FIGS. 8 and 9;[0060]
• FIGS.[0061]11A-11F are simplified illustrations of a typical operating sequence of the windshield wiper actuator system of FIGS. 8 and 9, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 12 is a simplified illustration of a cam system for controlling a spray head during the operating sequence of the windshield wiper actuator system of FIGS.[0062]11A-11F, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
• FIGS. 13 and 14 are simplified pictorial and sectional illustrations, respectively, of a windshield wiper constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 14 being taken along lines XIV-XIV in FIG. 13;[0063]
• FIG. 15 is a simplified, partially sectional illustration of a cartridge containing an additive which can be added to the fluid used in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the cartridge is installed in the system and the additive flows into solution with the fluid;[0064]
• FIG. 16 is a simplified pictorial illustration of the cartridge of FIG. 15;[0065]
• FIG. 17 is a simplified pictorial illustration of a carrier for a plurality of such cartridges:[0066]
• FIG. 18 is a simplified, partially sectional illustration of a fluid authorization system for verifying use of an authorized fluid in the windshield viper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0067]
• FIGS. 19A and 19B are simplified, partially sectional illustrations of a solenoid constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment or the present invention, and useful in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 19B taken along lines[0068]19B-19B in FIG. 19A;
• FIG. 20 is a simplified sectional illustration of apparatus to prevent damage due to freezing of the fluid in the windshield wiper cleaning, apparatus of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0069]
• FIG. 21 is a simplified pictorial illustration of apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0070]
• FIG. 22 is a simplified pictorial illustration of the apparatus of FIG. 21 assembled with a heater element of the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1;[0071]
• FIG. 23 is a simplified sectional illustration of apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0072]
• FIG. 24 is a simplified sectional illustration of apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention;[0073]
• FIG. 25 is a simplified block diagram illustration of apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention; and[0074]
• FIGS.[0075]26-29 are simplified sectional illustrations of a solenoid useful in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which is a schematic pictorial illustration showing electrically powered window de-icing and cleaning[0076]apparatus20 or vehicles, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, shown assembled for use in anautomobile22 having awindshield24 coated withice26.
• A[0077]heatable vessel28 for windshield washing fluid is connected between awashing fluid reservoir30 ofautomobile22 and spray heads32, which spray the fluid ontowindshield24 when actuated by anoperator25 of the automobile. The operator may actuate the apparatus either from inside oroutside automobile22, such as by means of aremote control90, as shown in FIG. 1 and described further hereinbelow.Vessel28 has aninlet port34 which receives washer fluid fromreservoir30, and anoutlet port36 through which heated fluid is discharged to spray heads32. The fluid is driven by apump40, which is generally already present inautomobile22 for spraying unheated fluid to cleanwindshield24. Abattery42 provides power toapparatus20, andwipers44 clean melted ice and dirt from the windshield, as is known in the art. Acontroller46 regulates the operation ofapparatus20, and optionally also controlswipers44 in conjunction with operation of the apparatus. Other aspects and details of theapparatus20 are described further hereinbelow.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 2 which shows details of[0078]vessel28 and other elements ofapparatus20, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Vessel28 is generally cylindrical in shape and comprises aninner chamber52 surrounded by anouter chamber54.Inner chamber52 is contained and defined by aninner wall56, preferably constructed of a metal such as stainless steel.Outer chamber54 is surrounded by anouter wall58 of the vessel, preferably constructed of an insulating material, such as a plastic. Aheating element50 insideinner chamber52 heats the fluid invessel28. As a result of the concentric arrangement ofchambers52 and54, heat losses fromvessel28 are minimized, since heat lost by the hot fluid inchamber52 is used largely to pre-heat the colder fluid inchamber54. Since the fluid inchamber54 is cooler, its heat losses throughouter wall58 are relatively small.
• [0079]Heating element50 preferably comprises a resistively-heated electrical element, which is powered bybattery42 viacontroller46, in accordance with a heating sequence described further hereinbelow. Alternatively or additionally,element50 may be heated by exchange of heat with a heat source inautomobile22, such as the engine cooling fluid or exhaust. Electrical heating bybattery42 is advantageous, however, since it allowsvessel28 to be heated rapidly even before the automobile is started. Preferably,element50 draws approximately 400 W, which typical automobile batteries can supply easily. Moreover,vessel28 is preferably sized so that within about one minute or less of actuation, it is capable of heating and discharging fluid of a volume and temperature sufficient to meltice26. For this purpose,inner chamber52 preferably contains about 50 ml of the fluid. It will be appreciated, however, that the principles of the present invention may similarly be applied by scaiing the volume ofvessel28 and the power ofelement50 to any required capacity. In particular, whenapparatus20 is used in larger vehicles, such as trucks or boats, the volume and power draw of the vessel will typically be substantially larger than inautomobile22.
• After an initial quantity of heated fluid has been discharged, pump[0080]40 andinlet valve66 are operated to refillvessel28. Althoughheating element50 andwall56 are no longer as hot as they were before the initial quantity of the fluid was introduced into the vessel, they still retain some residual heat, facilitating rapid heating of the refilled fluid. When the refilled fluid reaches a desired temperature, preferably withheating element50 reaching a temperature of several hundred ° C., and/or after a predetermined period of time, it is discharged through spray heads32. This process is repeated a desired number of times in sequence, until an entire sequence of discharges has been completed, as described hereinbelow, or until the windshield has been cleaned and/or de-iced, or until the temperature invessel28 drops below a predetermined minimum, or until it is interrupted byoperator25. The driver may then again actuateapparatus20 and begin a new cycle of heating and fluid discharge.
• Preferably, each[0081]time vessel28 is refilled, heated fluid is discharged through the spray heads32 for about 3 sec, at intervals of about 5 sec or longer between fills, generally as determined by the time needed for the fluid to reach a desired temperature, such as 80-100° C. The temperature of later discharges in the sequence may be less than that of the initial and other earlier discharges. Further preferably,wipers44 are operated in cooperation with the discharge of fluid fromapparatus20, so that thewipers44 go on only during and shortly after the fluid discharge. Optionally, wiper operation may be delayed, so that the wipers do not operate during the initial discharge, whenice26 has not yet melted, but only start from the second and subsequent discharges.
• After the sequence of discharges of heated fluid is completed,[0082]valve66 is closed (relative to vessel28), and drainvalve62 is preferably opened, so that any fluid remaining in the vessel can drain back intoreservoir30.Pump40 is generally not sealed against back-flow. Accordingly apressure relief valve73 is preferably provided to relieve any fluid pressure build-up in such a case.Pressure relief valve73 allows the fluid to flow back toreservoir30 in the event of over-pressure. Anupper end61 ofdrain port60 is preferably elevated relative to the bottom ofchamber52, so that a minimal amount of fluid will be left invessel28 even after draining. The vessel is then ready for rapid operation thenext time apparatus20 is actuated.
• [0083]Bypass line76 allows unheated fluid fromreservoir30 to be pumped directly to spray heads32, without passing throughvessel28.Line76 is open to spray heads32 whenever avalve74, preferably a three-way valve, is closed relative tooutlet port36.Line76 can be used in warm weather, when de-icing is not needed, or when a cleaning spray is needed immediately, and there is not time to heat the fluid.Valve74 preferably remains open relative toline76, so that fluid from the line is conveyed to spray heads32, whenever the heating apparatus is not actuated. A one-way valve80 inline76 preferably blocks any back-flow of fluid through the line.
• [0084]Apparatus20 thus provides additional window-cleaning functionality forautomobile22, at relatively low cost and without interfering with pre-existing window washing capabilities. The apparatus may either be installed as part of the window washing system in a new automobile, or it may easily be retrofitted into an existing washing system. Although the parts ofapparatus20 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 as being in certain positions and orientations relative toautomobile22 and the washing system therein, other positions and orientations are clearly possible. For example,vessel28 may be placed at a different angle from the orientation shown in the figures, as long asports34,36 and60 are suitably positioned and oriented in the vessel.
• Control of[0085]apparatus20 bycontroller46 is described hereinabove as being based on feedback to the controller provided by asensor64. This sensor is shown in FIG. 2 as being placed at the upper end ofvessel28, where it will measure the temperature either of vapor or fluid inchamber52, depending on whether the chamber is empty or filled.Controller46 preferably tracks and monitors changes in temperature sensed bysensor64 during heat/fill/discharge cycles ofvessel28. If the temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum, or if temperature changes do not follow a predetermined normal profile, the controller will conclude that a malfunction has occurred, such as blockage ofinlet34 oroutlet36 or a failure ofsensor64, and will preferably interrupt operation of the apparatus and notifyoperator25 by an appropriate signal.
• In addition or alternative to[0086]sensor64, there may be atemperature sensor301 nearer the bottom ofvessel28, to measure the fluid temperature thereat, or atemperature sensor302 mounted in, on or nearheating element50. Other sensors, such as a pressure sensor or pressure-stat or afluid level sensor303, may also be fixed in the vessel and provide feedback tocontroller46. Further temperature sensors may also be used, including asensor82 on an outer surface ofvessel28, asensor84 inreservoir30 for measuring the temperature of fluid therein, and asensor86 on an outer surface ofautomobile22, most preferably onwindshield24. These sensors provide inputs tocontroller46, which accordingly sets parameters such as the voltage applied toelement50 and/or the lengths of time for which the element and fluid invessel28 are heated.
• Preferably, the controller sets the parameters so that the fluid is sprayed onto[0087]windshield24 at a temperature high enough to meltice26 quickly under prevalent ambient conditions, as indicated bysensor86, for example, but not so high (relative to the temperature of the windshield) as to create a danger of cracking the windshield or violating safety regulations in this regard. The selection of he parameters is preferably automatic, without requiring intervention byoperator25 ofautomobile22, except to actuate orde-actuate apparatus20 as desired.
• The aforementioned description is that of the apparatus disclosed in PCT Application PCT/US98/13023. Improvements to this apparatus are now described, first with reference to FIG. 2.[0088]
• In addition or alternative to[0089]sensor64, atemperature sensor304 is preferably mounted on or near eachspray head32.Temperature sensor304 may additionally be mounted at a tee-connection305 of the spray heads. Temperatures of the spray heads32 are input tocontroller46 and provide further feedback control for setting parameters such as the voltage applied toelement50 and/or the lengths of time for which the element and fluid invessel28 are heated.
• During initial heating of vessel[0090]23, there is generally a small quantity of fluid remaining therein, as mentioned hereinabove, and as shown in FIG. 2. It is seen that for such a small quantity of fluid,heating element50 may not be submerged in the fluid, but rather may be exposed for most of its length to air insidevessel28. In such a case, energizingheating element50 may be wasteful, and worse, could cause damage from overheating. To solve this problem, anauxiliary heating element306 is preferably disposed at the bottom ofvessel28.Heating element306 may be shaped as a coil heater, for example, or ant other suitable low-profile shape.
• [0091]Heating element306 is preferably connected to and controlled bycontroller46, as is now described. If the amount of fluid invessel28 is sufficient to coverheating element306 but not the majority ofheating element50, then it will take heating element306 a relatively short time to heat fluid to a predetermined temperature, such as the boiling point. If, however, the amount of fluid invessel28 is sufficient to cover bothheating elements50 and306, then it will take heating element306 a longer time to heat fluid to the predetermined temperature.Temperature sensors301 and302, as well asfluid level sensors303 and309 or any other optional sensors mounted invessel28, may be used to monitor the time needed for the predetermined temperature rise, which time is processed bycontroller46 to control heating ofheating elements50 and306. For example, if the monitored time is relatively short, i.e., below a predetermined threshold,controller46 interprets this to mean that the fluid covers onlyheating element306, and thus onlyheating element306 is energized and not heatingelement50. If the time equals or exceeds the predetermined threshold,controller46 interprets this to mean that the fluid sufficiently covers bothheating elements50 and306, and thus bothheating elements50 and306 are energized.
• As mentioned above, control of[0092]apparatus20 bycontroller46 is described as being based on feedback to the controller provided bysensor64. As an added safety feature, in the event of a failure in the control system, a thermoswitch308, not connected to controller, may be provided at the upper end ofvessel28, which monitors the temperature either of vapor or fluid inchamber52, depending on whether the chamber is empty or filled. If the temperature exceeds a predetermined maximum, thermoswitch308 independently shuts down operation of the apparatus, even in the event of a failure in the electrical system of the vehicle orapparatus20, and optionally, may notifyoperator25 by an appropriate signal.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 3 which illustrates a filling and[0093]drainage pumping system310 useful in window de-icing and cleaningapparatus20, constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 3,system310 preferably employs pump40 described hereinabove.Pump40 is preferably a centrifugal water pump which means it is an irreversible pump, i.e., fluid flows generally from aninlet40A to anoutlet40B.
• In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a[0094]first solenoid312 is in fluid communication betweeninlet40A ofpump40 andreservoir30. Aninterface port314 ofsolenoid312 is preferably connected toreservoir30 via afluid line324 and anoutlet port315 is preferably connected to iniet40A via afluid line326 and a tee-connector316. Similarly, asecond solenoid318 is preferably in fluid communication betweenoutlet40B ofpump40 andvessel28. Aninterface port320 ofsolenoid318 is preferably connected toinlet port34 via afluid line328 and a tee-connector330. Anotherport319 ofsolenoid318 is preferably connected tooutlet40B via a tee-connector322 and afluid line327.
• In the normally open position of[0095]solenoid312,port315 is open and athird port340 is closed. Similarly, in the normally open position ofsolenoid318,port319 is open and athird port336 is closed. Conversely, in the closed position ofsolenoid312,port315 is closed andthird port340 is open, and in the closed position ofsolenoid318,port319 is closed andthird port336 is open. Control ofsolenoids312 and318, as well as the other elements ofsystem310, is preferably accomplished by means ofcontroller46. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention,solenoids312 and318 may be constructed as shown and described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 19A and 19B.
• [0096]Pumping system310 is used to fillvessel28 when the solenoids are preferably in the normally open position.Pump40 is operated to draw fluid fromreservoir30 through fluid line324 (in the direction of the solid line in FIG. 3) tosolenoid312. The fluid entersport314 and flows outopen port315 throughfluid line326, past tee-connector316 toinlet40A ofpump40. It is noted that fluid does not flow from tee-connector316 tosolenoid318 becauseport336 is closed. The fluid flows fromoutlet40B ofpump40 past tee-connector322 viafluid line327 to openport319 ofsolenoid318. Flow exits solenoid318 viaport320 and fluid line328 (in the direction of the solid line in FIG. 3)to tee-connector330.
• [0097]Vessel28 is preferably equipped with a one-way valve334 which permits fluid flow only out ofdrain port60. Therefore, the fluid can only flow from tee-connector330 toinlet port34 which preferably comprises a valve (herein also referred to as a valve34).Valve34 is opened bycontroller46, and the fluid fillsvessel28.
• When it is desired to drain fluid from[0098]vessel28, the solenoids are energized to be in the closed position. The pumping action ofpump40 causes fluid to be drained out ofdrain port60 and to flow via one-way vaive334 to tee-connector330.Valve34 is closed bycontroller46 so that the fluid is forced o flow in fluid line32S (in the direction of the dashed line in FIG. 3) toport320 ofsolenoid318. Since319 is closed, fluid flows out ofport336 ofsolenoid318 via afluid line338 to tee-connector316 (in the direction of the dashed line in FIG. 3). Sinceport315 ofsolenoid312 is closed, the fluid can only flow from tee-connector316 toinlet40A ofpump40. The fluid exitsoutlet40B ofpump40 and flows tee-connector322. Sinceport319 ofsolenoid318 is closed, the fluid can only flow from tee-connector322 toport340 of solenoid312 (in the direction of the dashed line in FIG. 3). The fluid then exitsport314 ofsolenoid312 back to reservoir30 (in the direction or the dashed line in FIG. 3), and the drainage is complete.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 4 which illustrates a filling and[0099]drainage pumping system350 useful in window de-icing and cleaningapparatus20, constructed and operative in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.Pumping system350 is similarly constructed to pumpingsystem310, with like elements being designated by like numerals. (Pressure relief valve73 and other elements are not shown for the sake of simplicity.)Pumping system350 differs fromsystem310 in thatsystem350 preferably employs areversible pump352, such as a geared pump, i.e., fluid can flow both in and out of anfirst port352A and a second port352B. In addition, in pumpingsystem350 there is no need for solenoids.
• When it is desired to fill[0100]vessel28 with fluid, pump352 is operated so that the fluid is pumped in the direction ofarrows356. The fluid flows fromreservoir30 viafluid line324 throughpump352, thence viafluid line328 to tee-connector330, finally entering and fillingvessel28 viaopen valve34, since the fluid cannot flow past one-way valve334.
• When it is desired to drain fluid from[0101]vessel28, the pumping direction ofpump352 is reversed so thatpump352 now pumps fluid in the direction ofarrows354. Fluid is drained out ofdrain port60 and flows via one-way valve334 to tee-connector330.Valve34 is closed so that the fluid is forced to flow influid line328 back to pump352, thence toreservoir30, and the drainage is complete.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 5 which is a timing diagram illustrating a[0102]sequence96 of heat/fill/discharge cycles ofapparatus20, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The pumping system used may be the reversible pumping system of FIG. 4. In such a case, the pumping system may pump fluid towards vessel29 (indicated by a positive ordinate in the graph) or it may drain fluid from vessel28 (indicated by a negative ordinate in the graph). It is noted thatpump352 may be actuated intermittently when needed, or alternatively, pump352 may be actuated continuously andcontroller46 may be used to switchpump352 between filling mode or draining mode as desired.
• Initially, as described hereinabove,[0103]drain valve62 is opened andheating element306 and/orheating element50 are energized to pre-heatvessel28.Valve62 is closed, preferrably after about 15 sec. Alternatively, the drain valve may be held closed for a short period, preferably about 20 sec, so that the fluid invessel28 is heated to a high temperature before the valve is opened. This alternative is particularly useful ifcontroller46 determines that one of the valves, particularlyinlet valve66, is stuck and will not open, in which case the heated fluid is used to force the valve open.
• Heating continues until[0104]sensors64 or301 reaches a target temperature, preferably about 85° C. (dependent on the exact position of the sensor), inchamber52, or for about 70 sec, if the temperature does not reach the target temperature. At that point, pump40 and inlet andoutlet valves66 and74 open, to admit and discharge the initial quantity of fluid. The temperature inchamber52 drops, and is subsequently reheated, preferably to about 60° C., whereupon a second quantity of the fluid is admitted and discharged. The process of reheating, fill and discharge continues for a predetermined number of cycles, or until terminated byoperator25.
• After the final discharge in[0105]sequence96,drain valve62 is opened, andheating elements50 and/or306, which are energized substantially continuously throughout the sequence, remain energized for about 15 sec more, in order to heat and drive out ofvessel28 as much as possible of any fluid remaining therein, down to the level ofupper end61. The apparatus is then ready to begin the next sequence, when required by the user. Most preferably, as seen in FIG. 5,heating element306 is first energized before heatingelement50, there preferably being a delay of about 2-10 sec before energization orheating element50. Similarly, most preferably,heating element50 is turned off at the end of the cycle beforeheating element306. The delays at the beginning and end of the cycles betweenheating elements50 and306 are preferably part of the working cycle so as to prevent overheating ofheating element50 and to ensure proper initial heating of the quantity of fluid left in the bottom ofvessel28.
• In the mode of operation described with reference to FIG. 5, it is possible that cold fluid may remain in the fluid lines in the direction of the spray heads. This is undesirable because the very first spray of fluid on the windshield would then be cold, and only afterwards would heated fluid reach the windshield. In contrast to the mode of operation described with reference to FIG. 5, a different mode of operation may be employed in order to prevent this phenomenon. The pumping system may be stopped while the fluid is still flowing towards vessel[0106]28 (due to inertial movement), and only after a delay, the fluid may be re-routed by means of the valve, from the direction towardsvessel28 to the direction towards the spray heads. In this way, any cold fluid which may remain in the fluid lines, only flows intovessel28 and does not flow towards the spray heads.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 6 which illustrates a[0107]multi-outlet spray head360 constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Multi-outlet spray head360 preferably includes a plurality of outlets, such as acentral outlet362 and twoouter outlets364 and366, although any number of outlets may also be employed. In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the outlets are fed fluid preferably via asolenoid368.Solenoid368 has aninlet382 into which fluid can flow from a pressurized fluid source. The fluid preferably exitssolenoid368 from anoutlet372 via a tee-connector374 to sprayhead outlets364 and366. Fluid is preferably fed directly from the pressurized fluid source via a tee-connection tocentral outlet362.
• In the normally open position of[0108]solenoid368,port372 is open and athird port378 is closed. Conversely, in the closed position ofsolenoid368,port372 is closed andthird port378 is open. However, in the embodiment of FIG. 6,third outlet378 is plugged and not in use.
• In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the flow of fluid from[0109]spray head360 can be controlled, such as by means ofcontroller46, to spray out of the outlets in a variety of manners. For example,controller46 can energizesolenoid368 to a closed position such that the fluid initially exitscentral outlet362 only, with no fluid initially exitingoutlets364 and366. After some initial delay,solenoid368 can be opened so that the fluid exitsoutlets364 and366, the fluid exiting these two outlets substantially simultaneously.Controller46 can then continue spraying fromoutlet362, as well asoutlets364 and366, or can cause any kind of combination of intermittent and continuous spraying from the three outlets. It is noted that in the embodiment of FIG. 6,outlets364 and366 always spray together.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 7 which illustrates a[0110]multi-outlet spray head360 constructed and operative in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which there is no tee-connector374.Port372 feedsspray head outlet364 andthird port378 feedsspray head outlet366.
• In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the flow of fluid from[0111]spray head360 can be controlled, such as by means ofcontroller46, to spray out of the outlets in a variety of manners. For example,controller46 can close solenoid363 such that the fluid initially exitscentral outlet362 andoutlet366, with nofluid exiting outlet364. After sore initial delay,solenoid368 can be opened so that the fluid exitscentral outlet362 andoutlet364, with nofluid exiting outlet366. It is also possible to placesolenoid368 in a partially open position wherein fluid can exit bothoutlets364 and366, as well ascentral outlet362. The difference between the embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is that in the embodiment of FIG. 6,outlets364 and366 always spray together, whereas in the embodiment of FIG. 7,outlets364 and366 spray independently of each other. It is thus appreciated chat in general a greater variety or spray patterns are possible with the embodiment of FIG. 7 than with the embodiment of FIG. 6.
• Reference is now made to FIGS. 8 and 9 which illustrate a windshield[0112]wiper actuator system400 constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Windshieldwiper actuator system400 is capable of placingwindshield wipers402 and404 in either summer parking mode (FIG. 8) or winter parking mode (FIG. 9).
• Windshield[0113]wiper actuator system400 preferably includes amotor406 which is connected to the wipers by means of abar408 which is pivotally attached to alinkage arm410 which is in turn pivotally connected by means oflinkage members412 and414 towipers402 and404, respectively. The limits of travel oflinkage members412 arid414 are shown in phantom lines in FIGS. 8 and 9. It is seen that preferably sensors are provided for sensing the limits of the travel. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, a pair ofmicroswitches416 and418 are provided. In the summer parking mode, thewipers402 and404 are brought to a horizontal or near horizontal position and acontact420 ofmotor406 actuatesmicroswitch416. In the winter parking mode, thewipers402 and404 are brought to a non-horizontal position, possibly even a vertical position, and contact420 actuatesmicroswitch418. It is appreciated that other sensors may be used instead of microswitches, such as Hall effect sensors, to sense the limits of travel.
• In the summer parking mode the wipers are at rest in a horizontal or near horizontal position, since in the summer there is generally no ice. However, in the winter, if there is a build-up of ice, the wipers may become stuck to the windshield, or even if not, the build-up of ice may prevent movement of the wipers. If the wipers were to be initially in a horizontal position, at the beginning of de-icing the wipers would start to move only at the bottom portion of the windshield, and the initially cleared area or the windshield would still not provide a convenient viewing area for safe driving. The driver would have to wait until the de-icing apparatus had melted a sufficient amount of ice for the wipers to be able to swing up to clear a visible swath on the windshield for safe driving. By bringing the wipers to the non-horizontal winter parking mode, the initially cleared area of the windshield, at the beginning of the de-icing process, already provides a convenient viewing area for safe driving.[0114]
• It is noted that in FIG. 9 washer fluid (reference numeral[0115]410) is discharged fromwipers402 and404 themselves, such an embodiment being shown and described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 10 which illustrates a simplified block diagram of windshield[0116]wiper actuator system400.Motor406 is preferably controlled by awiper controller422 which preferably drivesmotor406 via apower driver424.Microswitches416 and418 are preferably in electrical communication withcontroller422.Temperature sensors64 or304 are preferably in electrical communication withcontroller422 as well. Ashaft encoder426 is preferably provided that can sense the rotation ofmotor406 and thus the rotation of the wipers as well.Shaft encoder426 can also counts the number of pulses ofmotor406 during operation of the wipers, the importance of which will be described further hereinbelow.
• Another example of sensors which may provide data to[0117]controller46 in order to control heating ofheating elements50 and306, are awind speed sensor57 and avehicle speed sensor59, the latter preferably being the standard speed sensor used with the speedometer of the vehicle. Wind can cool the fluid before it reaches the windshield. Accordingly,controller46 can correlate the wind speed in terms of thermal effect on the fluid temperature and compensate therefor by heating the fluid to a higher temperature before spraying on the windshield. Alternatively, if there is no appreciable wind,controller46 can save electricity and heat the fluid to a slightly lower temperature.
• The driver can bring windshield[0118]wiper actuator system400 into winter parking mode manually. Alternatively,system400 may be automatically actuated. For example,temperature sensors64 or304, or a temperature sensor on the outside of the vehicle, may be used to sense a drop in temperature during the night and the sensed change in temperature is interpreted bycontroller422 to bring the windshield wipers winter parking mode.
• As mentioned above, when there is a build-up of ice, the wipers may become stuck to the windshield, or even if not, The build-up or ice may prevent movement of the wipers. At this initial stage,[0119]motor406 is called upon to produce a large amount of torque and may become overheated or damaged. Therefore, it Is important to prevent such damage tomotor406. This can be accomplished in several ways. For example,shaft encoder426 or the commutation ofmotor406 can be used to count the number of pulses ofmotor406 during operation of the wipers.Controller422 can compare the number of pulses with a predetermined amount to interpret whether or notmotor406 is being overworked. Ifmotor406 is being overworked, thencontroller422 can shut down operation ofmotor406 to prevent damage thereto.
• As another example, since the electrical signal from[0120]controller422 todriver424 is generally proportional to the current output fromdriver424 tomotor426, an intolerable rise in the output current ofdriver424 can be used to indicate overheating ofmotor406. In such a case, of course, there is no need forshaft encoder426.
• As a further example, the actuation or non-actuation of[0121]microswitches416 and418 providescontrollers46 and422 with an indication of the clockwise or counterclockwise movement ofwipers402 and404. By simply sensing which microswitch is actuated before the other,controllers46 and422 can tell, the direction of the wiper movement. Even for small movements of the wipers, wherein only one microswitch may be actuated,controllers46 and422 can still sense the direction of movement of the wipers. The number of times the particular microswitch is actuated, or alternatively, the number of pulses ofmotor406 can indicate the movement of the wipers. In addition,microswitches416 and418 can be used to monitor any possible overloading ofmotor406, without any need forshaft encoder426 or evendriver424. For example, contact420 ofmotor406 may be in initial contact withmicroswitch416. If there is no obstruction to movement of the wipers,motor406 will start to rotate andmicroswitch416 will be released. If however there is an obstruction to movement of the wipers,motor406 will stall somewhat andmicroswitch416 will not be released.Controller422 can then interpret the release or non-release ofmicroswitch416 to detect and prevent overheating ofmotor406.
• Reference is now made to FIGS.[0122]11A-11F which illustrate a typical operating sequence of windshieldwiper actuator system400 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the description that follows, the fluid is sprayed from spray head360 (FIG. 7), but it is appreciated that other spray heads could also be used.
• In FIG. 11A,[0123]wipers402 and40 are in the winter parking mode and as such are positioned at some non-horizontal position.Central outlet362 andoutlet364 ofspray head360 spray fluid atzones430 and432 in order to start melting ice accumulated on the windshield.Motor406 tries to swing the wipers in a clockwise direction indicated by anarrow434. The torque ofmotor406 is measured or a predetermined period of time, such as 0.5 sec. If the torque reaches some predetermined value,controller422 shuts downmotor406.
• In FIG. 11B,[0124]central outlet362 andoutlet364 ofspray head360 continue to spray fluid atzones430 and432.Motor406 tries to swing the wipers in a counterclockwise direction indicated by anarrow436. The torque ofmotor406 is again measured for a predetermined period of time, and if the torque reaches some predetermined value,controller422 shuts downmotor406.
• In FIG. 11C,[0125]central outlet362 andoutlet364 ofspray head360 continue to spray fluid atzones430 and432. By this time, the fluid has succeeded in melting some of the ice.Motor406 now succeeds in swinging the wipers both in clockwise and counterclockwise directions (arrows434 and436). When the torque ofmotor406 reaches some predetermined level,controller422 switches the swing direction of the wipers from clockwise to counterclockwise and vice versa.
• In FIG. 11D,[0126]outlet366 starts to spray fluid at azone438, andoutlet364 is temporarily shut down.Central outlet362 continues to spray fluid.Motor406 now tries to swing the wipers in the counterclockwise direction so as to start cleaning a further swath on the windshield. It is appreciated that alternatively,outlet364 may remain open to continue spraying fluid on the windshield. It is also appreciated that a variety of spray patterns may be employed in cleaning and de-icing the windshield and the abovementioned pattern is just one of these possibilities.
• In FIG. 11E, the swath of the wipers has increased and more of the windshield is clean. In FIG. 11F, the fluid has succeeded in melting the ice and the wipers swing freely across the windshield.[0127]
• [0128]Spray head360 is preferably controlled bycontroller46, as mentioned above. The control of the spray heads may be accomplished in any suitable manner, electronically or mechanically, for example. An example of a novel way of controlling the spray heads is now described.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 12 which illustrates a[0129]cam system440 for controllingspray head360 during the operating sequence of windshieldwiper actuator system400, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Incam system440,outlets362,364 and366 are preferably regulated byindividual valves442,444 and446, respectively. The valves may be electronic valves or solenoids, for example. The valves are equipped withpush rods448,450 and452, respectively, which are actuated by acam454 attached to thewiper402 or404.
• The cam surface of[0130]cam454 is designed in accordance with a desired spray pattern. For example, as shown in FIG. 12,cam454 may initially push down onrods448 and450 to actuatevalves442 and444 to allow spraying fromoutlets362 and364, while initiallyrod452 is not pushed down bycam454 and thusoutlet366 is initially closed. Aswiper402 or404 swings in the counterclockwise direction,cam454 pushes down onrod452 and opensoutlet366 for spraying therethrough, all thewhile outlets362 and364 remaining open. It is appreciated that a variety of spray patterns may be employed in cleaning and de-icing the windshield and the abovementioned pattern is just one of these possibilities.
• Reference is now made to FIGS. 13 and 14 which illustrate a[0131]windshield wiper460 constructed and operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Windshield wiper460 preferably has alongitudinal bore462 formed therethrough for flow of fluid therethrough. Bore462 fluidly communicates with a plurality of outlet holes464 for applying the fluid on a windshield. Ablade466 extends from a body468 ofwiper460 for cleaning the windshield. Fluid preferably enters bore462 at oneend470 ofwiper460, anopposite end472 being substantially sealed.
• Reference is now made to FIGS. 15 and 16 which illustrate a[0132]cartridge480 useful in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of the present invention, such as that of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The fluid used in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of the present invention is any kind of suitable windshield washer fluid, and as such may contain an additive such as anti-freeze, for example.Cartridge480 is a convenient device for adding such an additive to the windshield washer fluid.
• Referring to FIG. 16,[0133]cartridge480 contains anadditive482.Cartridge480 may be made of any kind of suitable material, such as plastic or metal, andadditive482 may be in liquid or solid form. In the case of solid form,cartridge480 may itself be a solid block of additive.Cartridge480 fits into anapertured holder484 which is sealed by aplug486. Plug486 preferably sealingly snap fits intoapertured holder484 and is provided with a threadedneck488. Below threadedneck488 is aneck portion485 formed with a plurality of throughholes487.Holes487 are in fluid communication with abore483 which is in turn in fluid communication withapertured holder484.
• Referring now to FIG. 15, it is seen that threaded[0134]neck488 can be screwed into acontainer490 and is preferably sealed by an O-ring491.Container490 has afluid inlet492 and afluid outlet494. Fluid may enterinlet492, such as from reservoir30 (FIG. 2) and flow throughholes487 and bore483 intoapertured holder484.Cartridge480 becomes submerged in the fluid andadditive482 is mixed with the fluid, such as by seeping, leaching or dissolving, for example. The fluid with the additive482 then exits viaoutlet494 and flows intovessel28. Referring now to FIG. 17, it is seen that acarrier496 may be provided for convenient storage of a plurality ofcartridges480.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 18 which illustrates a[0135]fluid authorization system500 for verifying use of an authorized fluid in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Fluid authorization system500 preferably includes amembrane502 and aviewing window504 both of which are preferably sealed by aseal506, such as an0-ring, round or rectangular in shape, for example.Membrane502 is preferably constructed of a material that disintegrates if it is not in the presence of a fluid authorized for use with the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of the present invention. For example, additive482 mixed with water may cause a chemical reaction which inhibits decomposition or disintegration ofmembrane502. One example would be a membrane which is decomposed in the presence of a basic solution and additive482 changes the pH of the solution no neutral or acidic, thereby prevent the decomposition of the membrane.) If an authorized fluid is not used, then any disintegration ofmembrane502 may be viewed throughviewing window504.
• Reference is now made to FIGS. 19A and 19B which illustrate a[0136]solenoid510 constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and useful in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of the present invention.Solenoid510 preferably comprises acentral shaft512 at a distal end of which is secured a generally invertedU-shaped yoke514.Electromagnetic apparatus511 is provided for movingshaft512 generally linearly. Arod516 is preferably fixedly pinned toyoke514 by apin518. Attached to a bottom portion of abody520 ofsolenoid510 is atube receiving member522.Tube receiving member522 also preferably includes a pair of fixedrods532 and534 which pass throughopenings536 and538, respectively, formed inyoke514. As seen in FIGS. 19A and 19B, atube528 is positioned betweenrod516 ofyoke514 and fixedrod532. Atube530 is positioned betweenrod516 ofyoke514 and fixedrod534.Yoke514 is disposed in acavity540 oftube receiving member522.Tubes528 and530 are preferably made of a resilient material, such as rubber or neoprene. The resilient tubes springing back from the compressed state to the non-compressed state applies a force onshaft512 and further aids in the generally linear travel ofshaft512, thereby realizing energy savings.
• FIG. 19A illustrates a normally open position of[0137]solenoid510. In this position,rod516 squeezestube530, thereby substantially sealingtube530 from passage therethrough of a fluid. Tube530 (as well as tube528) preferably have an elliptical cross section (or other suitable non-circular shape) to facilitate flattening thereof. Synergistically, this shape also enables smaller distances of travel ofcentral shaft512 and larger forces applied by the solenoid to the tubes. In the normally open position,tube528 is not squeezed, and fluid may pass therethrough.
• Solenoid[0138]510 can be energized to a closed position. In this position,rod516 is brought upwards in the sense of FIGS. 19A and 19B, and now squeezestube528, thereby substantially sealingtube528 from passage therethrough of a fluid. In the closed position,tube530 is not squeezed, and fluid may pass therethrough. It is also possible to energizesolenoid510 to be in a partially open position wherein fluid can exit bothtubes528 and530.
• It is appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the structure of[0139]solenoid510 may be suitably modified to seal and open just one tube or more than two tubes, if desired. It is also appreciated that the normally open position and closed positions may be reversed. In addition, the tubes can be connected by suitable connections, such as tee-connections.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 20 which illustrates[0140]apparatus600 to prevent damage due to freezing of the fluid in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Apparatus600 preferably includes amovable platform602 attached to arod604 at the bottom of inner andouter chambers52 and54 ofvessel28. Abiasing device606, such as a coil spring, is mounted atrod604 and normally urgesplatform602 upwards.Rod604 is arranged to slide out ofvessel28 through abore607. If the fluid in inner orouter chambers52 and54 freezes and expands upon freezing, the frozen fluid will expand againstplatform602.Platform602 will compress biasingdevice606 and move downwards due to the force of the expanding frozen fluid. In this manner, the expanding frozen fluid does not expand againstwall56 and no damage is caused towall56.
• Another example of apparatus to prevent damage due to freezing of the fluid is shown in FIG. 23. In this embodiment, a[0141]cap608 is provided at the top ofvessel28.Cap608 normally sealsvessel28. If the fluid in inner orouter chambers52 and54 freezes and expands upon freezing, the frozen fluid will expand againstcap608.Cap608 is not tightly secured tovessel28 and can move upwards due to the force of the expanding frozen fluid. In this manner, the expanding frozen fluid simply pushes offcap608 and expands outwards and upwards, instead of againstwall56, and thus no damage is caused towall56.
• Reference is now made to FIGS. 21 and 22 which illustrate apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a[0142]fuse610 is provided electrically connected toheating element50. Fuse610 includes aportion612 exposed to the fluid invessel28. Upon reaching a predetermined critical temperature, above which possible damage can occur to components of the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus, fuse610 causes a break in the electrical supply toheating element50, and thereby prevents possible damage due to overheating. Fuse610 is thus a protection element which is internal tovessel28 and which is in contact with the fluid ofvessel28.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 23 which illustrates apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a[0143]fuse614 is provided electrically connected toheating element50. Fuse614 includes abody616 to which is soldered acap portion618 at asoldered connection619.Cap portion618 is biased by abiasing device620, such as a coil spring. The electrical connection offuse614 toheating element50 is through solderedconnection619.
• [0144]Fuse614 is exposed to the fluid invessel28. Upon reaching a predetermined critical temperature, above which possible damage can occur to components of the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus, solderedconnection619 becomes weakened due to partial or complete melting of the solder, and biasingdevice620 urgescap portion618 upwards and offbody616, thereby causing a break in the electrical supply toheating element50 and thus preventing possible damage due to overheating. Fuse614 is also a protection element which is internal tovessel28 and which is in contact with the fluid ofvessel28.
• [0145]Fuse614 is preferably mounted on a base622 which is sealed with respect tovessel28 by means of an O-ring624. Anendcap626 screws onto the bottom ofvessel28 and has a longcentral tongue628 which pressesbase622 against O-ring624, thereby forming the sealed connection with respect tovessel28.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 24 which illustrates apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a[0146]fuse630 is provided which is physically internal to and electrically connected toheating element50.Heating element50 comprises aresistance wire631 connected to ground633 through an electricallyconductive cover sleeve635. Fuse630 may be a soldered point, for example. Upon reaching a predetermined critical temperature, above which possible damage can occur to components of the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus, fuse630 causes a break in the electrical supply toheating element50, and thereby prevents possible damage due to overheating.
• Reference is now made to FIG. 25 which illustrates apparatus for shutting off electrical supply the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, in order to prevent possible damage due to overheating, constructed in accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a FET (field effect transistor)[0147]632 is in electrical communication withcontroller46, and comprises part of the control circuitry used to control operation ofapparatus20 as described hereinabove,FET632 receives a command voltage signal fromcontroller46.FET632 is connected toheating element50, and of course,battery42. Avoltage sensor633 is provided for sensing the voltage drop across contacts A and B ofFET632. Afuse634 is provided external tovessel28. Upon reaching a predetermined critical temperature, above which possible damage can occur to components of the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus, fuse630 causes a break in the electrical supply toheating element50, and thereby prevents possible damage due to overheating.
• Another[0148]FET636 is preferably connected In parallel toFET632 andheating element50.FET636 receives a command voltage signal from one or three sources:
• 1. Any of the temperature sensors associated with[0149]vessel28, such assensors301 and302, for example.
• 2. A[0150]thermostat638 mounted in vessel28 (FIG. 23) and dedicated to sending a command signal toFET636.
• 3.[0151]Logic circuitry640 which can send a command signal toFET636.
• The command signals are preferably sent to[0152]FET636 via aninterface circuit642.
• The operation of the apparatus of FIG. 25 is now explained. If no command signal is sent to[0153]FET632 fromcontroller46,FET632 is open and a voltage drop, such as 12 V, for example, exists across contacts A and B ofFET632. This is a normal condition whereinheating element50 is not energized.
• If a command signal is sent to[0154]FET632 fromcontroller46, such as a 5 V signal for example,FET632 is closed and the voltage drop across contacts A and B ofFET632 is near zero. This is a normal condition whereinheating element50 is energized and heats up.
• If, however, no command signal is sent to[0155]FET632 fromcontroller46, butvoltage sensor633 senses a near zero voltage drop across A and B, then a malfunction has occurred. The near zero voltage drop sensed byvoltage sensor633 is communicated tologic circuitry640 which commandsFET636 to close, thereby sending a high current throughfuse634 which breaksfuse634 and disconnects the supply of electricity toheating element50. Thus the malfunction is prevented from causing overheating of the system.
• If, however, a command signal is sent to[0156]FET632 fromcontroller46, butvoltage sensor633 senses a voltage drop across A and B, such as the abovementioned 12 V, for example, then another type of malfunction has occurred. This blind of malfunction is not dangerous becauseFET632 is open (as sensed by the presence of the 12 V voltage drop), andheating element50 will not be energized. Nevertheless, since the system has detected a malfunction,logic circuitry640 can still command the system to shut down, if desired.
• Reference is now made to FIGS.[0157]26-29 which illustrate asolenoid650 useful in the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus of FIG. 1, constructed in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention.Solenoid650 preferably includes acoil652 in electrical communication with a control circuit printed circuit board (PCB)654. Unlike other solenoids which are separately built items and electrically connected to the windshield wiper cleaning apparatus,solenoid650 is characterized by being directly electrically connected toPCB654, such as by means of hard wiring or electrical contacts which connect the electrical components ofsolenoid650,e.g. coil652, toPCB654.Solenoid650 is preferably attached toPCB654 by any suitable method, such as by means of mechanical fasteners, soldering, bonding, etc.Solenoid650 also includes aninlet656 and a pair ofoutlets658 and660.Outlet658 is fluidly connected to the spray heads, whereasoutlet658 is fluidly connected tovessel28.Solenoid650 has aplunger662 for directing the fluid flow throughsolenoid650.
• In FIGS. 26 and 27,[0158]plunger662 is positioned somewhat away from the inlet end ofsolenoid650, thereby opening apassageway668 and directing the flow of a fluid tooutlet658. In FIGS. 28 and 29,plunger662 has been moved towards the inlet end ofsolenoid650, thereby substantially sealingpassageway668 and directing the flow of a fluid tooutlet660.
• [0159]Solenoid650 is normally controlled by control signals received fromlocal control circuitry664 ofPCB654.Control circuitry664 controls the functions of the pump, heating element, high voltage supply, etc. Another portion ofPCB654,circuitry666, controls functions which are normally controlled by the vehicle computer. Normally the operation ofsolenoid650 is controlled by thecircuitries664 and666. Alternatively,circuitry666 may be connected to the vehicle computer, such as by means of optical links, hardwire, switching, etc., in which case the operation ofsolenoid650 is controlled by thecircuit664 and the vehicle computer.
• It will be appreciated that the preferred embodiments described above are cited by way of example, and the full scope of the invention is limited only by the claims.[0160]

Claims (39)

What is claimed is:

1. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window; and

a first heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel;

characterized by

an auxiliary heating element being disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel, wherein said auxiliary heating element is disposed at a bottom portion of the vessel and is operative to heat a quantity of fluid which is not necessarily sufficient to cover the first heating element.

2. Apparatus according toclaim 1 and further comprising a plurality of sensors which feed data concerning at least one of a temperature and a fluid level of the fluid in the vessel to a controller, said controller controlling energization of the first and auxiliary heating elements in response to the data.

3. Apparatus according toclaim 1 and further comprising a temperature sensor mounted in said auxiliary heating element.

4. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged;

a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window; and

a heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in said vessel;

characterized by

a temperature sensor mounted in propinquity to said spray head, said temperature sensor being in communication with a controller which controls heating of said heating element in response to a temperature sensed by said temperature sensor.

5. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged;

a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window; and

a heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in said vessel;

characterized by

a wind speed sensor in communication with a controller, wherein said controller correlates a wind speed sensed by said wind speed sensor to a temperature of the fluid sprayed from the spray head, and controls heating of said heating element in response to the wind speed sensed by said wind speed sensor.

6. Apparatus according toclaim 5 and further comprising a vehicle speed sensor, wherein said controller also correlates a vehicle speed sensed by said vehicle speed sensor to a temperature of the fluid sprayed from the spray head, and controls heating of said heating element in response to the vehicle speed sensed by said vehicle speed sensor.

7. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window; and

a first heating element disposed in the vessel for heating the fluid in the vessel;

characterized by

a pumping system in fluid communication with said reservoir and said vessel which selectively pumps fluid from said reservoir to said vessel and drains said fluid from said vessel back to said reservoir.

8. Apparatus according toclaim 7 and wherein said pumping system comprises at least one solenoid in fluid communication with said reservoir and said vessel and switchable from a first position to a second position, wherein in said first position said at least one solenoid permits flow from said reservoir to said vessel and substantially prevents draining said fluid from said vessel back to said reservoir, and wherein in said second position said at least one solenoid permits draining said fluid from said vessel back to said reservoir and substantially prevents flow from said reservoir to said vessel.

9. Apparatus according toclaim 7 and wherein said pumping system comprises a reversible pump which in a first operating orientation pumps said fluid from said reservoir to said vessel and in a second operating orientation pumps said fluid from said vessel back to said reservoir.

10. Apparatus according toclaim 9 and wherein said reversible pump comprises a geared pump.

11. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged:

a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window;

a windshield wiper for wiping said window; and

characterized by

said spray head comprising a multi-outlet spray head that comprises a plurality of spray outlets.

12. Apparatus according toclaim 11 and further comprising a controller which controls a spraying pattern of said plurality of outlets.

13. Apparatus according toclaim 12 and further comprising a sensor for sensing an angular position of said windshield wiper, wherein said controller controls the spraying pattern of said plurality of outlets in accordance with the angular position of said windshield wiper.

14. Apparatus according toclaim 11 and further comprising a cam mounted on the windshield wiper said cam selectively opening said outlets to permit flow of said fluid therethrough.

15. Apparatus according toclaim 12 and further comprising a motor which actuates the windshield wiper and a sensor for sensing a torque of said motor, wherein said controller controls the spraying pattern of said plurality of outlets in accordance with the torque of said motor.

16. Apparatus according toclaim 11, wherein said windshield wiper wipes said window between two limits of travel, and said windshield wiper is placeable in a summer parking mode and a winter parking mode, wherein in said summer parking mode, said wiper is at rest generally at one of the limits of travel, and wherein in said winter parking mode, said wiper is between said limits of travel.

17. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged;

a spray head in fluid communication with the outlet through which the fluid is sprayed onto a vehicle window;

a windshield wiper for wiping said window, and

characterized by

said windshield wiper having a longitudinal bore formed therethrough for flow of the fluid therethrough, wherein said bore fluidly communicates with a plurality of outlet holes formed in said wiper for applying the fluid on said window.

18. Apparatus according toclaim 17 and wherein the fluid enters said bore at one end of said wiper and an opposite end of said wiper is substantially sealed.

19. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window; and

characterized by

further comprising a cartridge which dispenses an additive to the fluid prior to discharging the fluid.

20. Apparatus according toclaim 19 and wherein said cartridge comprises a solid block of said additive.

21. Apparatus according toclaim 19 and wherein said cartridge fits into an apertured holder which is sealed by a plug, said plug comprising a threaded neck and a neck portion formed with a plurality of through holes, said holes being in fluid communication with a bore which is in turn in fluid communication with said apertured holder, and wherein said threaded neck can be screwed into a container through which the fluid can flow into the vessel, wherein the additive is mixed with the fluid as the fluid flows through said container.

22. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising:

a reservoir for containing therein a washing fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window; and

characterized by

further comprising a fluid authorization system for verifying use of an authorized fluid.

23. Apparatus according toclaim 22 and wherein said fluid authorization system comprises a membrane constructed of a material that disintegrates if it is not in the presence of a fluid authorized for use.

24. Apparatus for cleaning or de-icing a vehicle window, comprising

a reservoir for containing therein a washing, fluid;

a vessel having an inlet through which the washing fluid is received from the reservoir and an outlet through which the fluid is discharged for cleaning a vehicle window; and

characterized by

further comprising at least one tube in fluid communication with the fluid and a solenoid which selectively squeezes and seals said at least one tube to prevent passage of the fluid therethrough and selectively permits flow of the fluid therethrough.

25. A solenoid comprising:

a tube receiving member;

at least one tube which passes through said tube receiving member;

a shaft arranged for generally linear movement relative to said tube receiving member, said shaft selectively squeezing and sealing said at least one tube against said tube receiving member to prevent passage of the fluid therethrough, and selectively moving away from said at least one tube to permit flow of the fluid therethrough; and

electromagnetic apparatus which moves said shaft generally linearly.

26. The solenoid according toclaim 25, wherein said at least one tube has a circular cross section.

27. The solenoid according toclaim 25, wherein said at least one tube has a non-circular cross section.

28. The solenoid according toclaim 25 and comprising two said tubes and wherein said electromagnetic apparatus moves said shaft to a position so that fluid can pass through both said tubes.

29. The solenoid according toclaim 25, wherein said at least one tube has a resiliency such that when said at least one tube returns from a compressed state to a non-compressed state, said at least one tube applies a force on said shaft to aid in the generally linear movement of said shaft.

30. Apparatus according toclaim 4 further comprising apparatus to prevent damage due to freezing of the fluid.

31. Apparatus according toclaim 30 wherein said apparatus to prevent damage comprises a platform arranged for sliding in said vessel, said platform being operative to slide due to a force of said fluid pressing thereagainst during freezing of said fluid.

32. Apparatus according toclaim 30 wherein said apparatus no prevent carnage comprises a cap attached to said vessel and which is operative to move array from said vessel due to a force of said fluid pressing thereagainst during freezing of said fluid.

33. Apparatus according toclaim 4 further comprising apparatus for shutting off electrical supply to said heating element.

34. Apparatus according toclaim 33 wherein said apparatus for shutting off electrical supply comprises a fuse electrically connected to said heating element.

35. Apparatus according toclaim 34 wherein said fuse is internal to said vessel and is in contact with said washing fluid in said vessel.

36. Apparatus according toclaim 34 wherein said use comprises a body to which is soldered a cap portion at a soldered connection, said cap portion being biased by a biasing device, said fuse being electrically connected to said heating element through said soldered connection, wherein upon reaching a predetermined temperature, said soldered connection becomes weakened due to at least partial melting thereof, and said biasing device urges said cap portion off said body, thereby causing a break in electrical supply to said heating element.

37. Apparatus according toclaim 34 wherein said fuse is mounted on a base which is sealed with respect to said vessel by means of an endcap which presses said base against an O-ring mounted on said vessel.

38. Apparatus according toclaim 33 wherein said apparatus for shutting off electrical supply comprises a fuse which is physically internal to and electrically connected to said heating element.

39. Apparatus according toclaim 33 wherein said apparatus for shutting off electrical supply comprises a first FET in electrical communication with said controller, a fuse external to said vessel and operatively connected to said first FET a second FET operatively connected to said fuse, said second FET in communication with at least one of said

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