US20040049159A1 - Safety shield for medical needles - Google Patents

Abstract

A safety shield apparatus is disclosed which includes a needle having a distal portion defining a longitudinal axis which is angularly displaced relative to a longitudinal axis defined by a proximal portion of the needle. A shield is mounted with the needle and extensible, via a tubular needle guide movable along the needle, between a retracted position and an extended position. The apparatus may include a needle hub configured to support the proximal portion of the needle. The needle hub can include an appendage which may have at least one opening to facilitate manipulation thereof. A distal end of the shield can be attached to a planar contact surface. The shield may also include a latch engageable with the needle.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This patent application is a continuation of Utility patent application Ser. No. 10/016,276, filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on Dec. 6, 2001 by Barrus et al., which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 09/892,593, filed in the USPTO on Jun. 27, 2001 by Ferguson et al., and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/254,506 filed in the USPTO on Dec. 8, 2000 by Thome et al., and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/296,968 filed in the USPTO on Jun. 8, 2001 by Barrus et al., the entire contents of each of these applications being hereby incorporated by reference herein.[0001]
BACKGROUND
• 1. Technical Field[0002]
• The present disclosure generally relates to safety shields for medical needles, and more particularly, to safety shields that are extensible to prevent hazardous exposure to a port access medical needle.[0003]
• 2. Description of the Related Art[0004]
• Cross-contamination and infection from potentially fatal diseases transmitted by inadvertent needle sticks have resulted in the development of a wide variety of safety medical needle devices used in the areas of I.V. therapy, phlebotomy, syringes and specialty medical needle devices. These diseases include the HIV virus, several strains of hepatitis and other blood and body fluid borne diseases.[0005]
• Vascular access ports can be surgically implanted to facilitate removal of bodily fluids, such as, for example, blood for testing. Access ports also provide a temporary site for repeated fluid removal, infusion of intravenous fluids or medication infusion. An access port is typically positioned internally on a body surface of a patient, such as, for example, in the chest or abdomen, to facilitate disposition of a catheter into a blood vessel.[0006]
• Typically, port access medical needles, such as a Huber needle, are used with the access ports which are implanted for direct vascular communication. Huber needles typically include an angled cannula shaft having a sharpened tip portion oriented at approximately 90 degrees relative to an attachment portion that connects to a fluid source and/or a fluid receptacle. The angular bend in the cannula shaft allows the attachment portion to be secured to the patient while the access port is employed.[0007]
• Access ports typically include a septum positioned under the surface of the patient's skin, and adapted to receive a Huber needle puncture at a percutaneous insertion site. The septum is conventionally fabricated from a thick elastomeric membrane which facilitates needle penetration and provides an inner chamber for the infusion of medication or removal of bodily fluids.[0008]
• Huber needles may be particularly difficult to remove from a needle access port which can result in hazardous exposure of the needle to a patient and a clinician. This is due, at least in part, to the fact that access port septums exhibit forces associated with needle entry and removal, which are much greater than forces normally associated with other medical needle insertion and removal (e.g., with syringes or phlebotomy needles). “Rebound” injuries are typically encountered with Huber needles because of the force required to overcome resistance of the septum of the access port. Further, other factors can contribute to the septum's resistance, such as, for example, the needle tip may become barbed, skin may adhere to the needle shaft, etc.[0009]
• Attempts at overcoming the above retention and resistive forces may result in a reflexive motion (e.g., a jerk) by the clinician removing the needle at the time of extraction which can contribute to the “rebound” injuries. The reflexive motion may be poorly controlled, oscillatory and, therefore, result in an inadvertent needle stick to the patient and clinician, for example, to a hand which is stabilizing an implanted port. Further, difficulty in removal can force a clinician to make a perpendicular pull, which is transverse to a plane orthogonal to the direction of needle insertion. This can result in injury to the patient and the clinician.[0010]
• A number of Huber needle safety devices are known. For example, one particular device involves a shield separate from the needle for shielding the needle. These types of devices disadvantageously require manipulation and operation of separate devices for shielding the needle. These devices are also bulky and cumbersome which can affect accuracy of placement during use.[0011]
• Another known attempt at reducing hazards associated with angled needles is a safety device that includes a collapsible pair of wings engaged by the fingers of a clinician to shield the needle. A drawback of devices of this type is that a narrow surface area presses against a patient's skin during withdrawal, which can cause significant pain and discomfort.[0012]
• The prior art devices may not adequately and reliably shield port access needles to prevent hazardous exposure. A continuing need exists to overcome the disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art and provide a more adequate and reliable safety apparatus for angled needle devices which sheaths a needle upon removal from an insertion site. Such a safety apparatus may be actuated without applying substantial transverse forces to the needle during removal, while complementing the current user technique.[0013]
• Therefore, it would be desirable to have a safety apparatus for port access needle devices that sheaths a needle upon removal from an insertion site. It would be highly desirable if the safety apparatus was actuated without applying substantial transverse forces to the needle during removal.[0014]
SUMMARY
• Accordingly, a safety apparatus for port access needle devices that adequately and reliably sheaths a needle upon removal from an insertion site is disclosed. The safety apparatus prevents hazardous exposure to the needle while providing dependable performance and increased safety to a patient and clinician during a medical procedure. The safety apparatus may be actuated without applying substantial transverse forces to the needle during removal. One of the advantages of the present disclosure is a safety apparatus through which extracting forces are directed along a longitudinal axis of the needle. Another advantage of the present disclosure is port access medical needle which forms a compact low silhouette about an insertion site while the needle is inserted. Yet another advantage of the present disclosure is a safety apparatus which is efficiently and inexpensively manufactured and assembled. Desirably, the safety apparatus is assembled from two injection molded parts.[0015]
• Objects and advantages of the present disclosure are set forth in part herein and in part will be obvious therefrom, or may be learned by practice of the present disclosure, which is realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims. The apparatus and methods of the present disclosure consist of novel parts, constructions, arrangements, combinations, steps and improvements herein shown and described.[0016]
• The safety apparatus disclosed permits a retracting force to be applied directly above a needle insertion site and may include an elongated, slender core structure for ease of maneuverability to facilitate needle entry into difficult to access ports or vessels. The safety apparatus can provide shielding of a sharpened tip of a port access medical needle, such as, for example, a Huber needle, having a sharpened tip at one end and firmly affixed within a needle hub at the other end, during withdrawal from an insertion site. Extraction of the needle from the insertion site may require forces significantly greater than forces associated with extracting other medical needles, such as hypodermic syringes or phlebotomy. Thus, the safety apparatus can include a shield assembly having a finger pad for application of restraining forces about the insertion site. The finger pad spreads digitally applied forces to stabilize the implanted portion of the needle.[0017]
• The shield assembly contains a needle guide through which the needle travels during needle extraction. A shield is hingedly affixed to the shield assembly for articulation along the needle during needle extraction. The sharpened tip of the needle is retracted into the shield assembly, forming a substantially rigid structure of the shield, needle guide, needle hub and needle. A latch may engage the shield assembly to maintain the rigid structure in a protective configuration about the sharpened tip. Thus, the needle is extracted and shielded without applying substantial transverse forces to the needle.[0018]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The objects and features of the present disclosure, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present disclosure, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objectives and advantages, may be best understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:[0019]
• FIG. 1 is a side view of one particular embodiment of a safety shield apparatus in a retracted position, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure;[0020]
• FIG. 2 is a front view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1;[0021]
• FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1;[0022]
• FIG. 4 is a side view of the safety shield apparatus show in FIG. 1 in an extended position;[0023]
• FIG. 4A is a medial side view, in part cross-section, of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 4;[0024]
• FIG. 5 is a front view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in an extended position;[0025]
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in an extended position;[0026]
• FIG. 7 is a side view of a portion of an angled needle of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1;[0027]
• FIG. 7A is a side view of a portion of a needle hub assembly of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1;[0028]
• FIG. 7B is a side view of a portion of a shield of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1;[0029]
• FIG. 7C is a side view of a portion of a fluid conduit employed with the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1;[0030]
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a shield of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 1;[0031]
• FIG. 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the safety shield apparatus;[0032]
• FIG. 10 is a side view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 9;[0033]
• FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the safety shield apparatus, in a retracted position;[0034]
• FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 11, in an extended position;[0035]
• FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the safety shield apparatus in a retracted position;[0036]
• FIG. 14 is a side cross-sectional view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 13;[0037]
• FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 13, in an extended position;[0038]
• FIG. 16 is a side view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 15;[0039]
• FIG. 17 is a side cross-sectional view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 15;[0040]
• FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the component parts of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 13;[0041]
• FIG. 19 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the safety shield apparatus in a retracted position;[0042]
• FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19;[0043]
• FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 fully extended;[0044]
• FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 21;[0045]
• FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 in a retracted position showing an alternate embodiment of a linear bearing with a foam disc;[0046]
• FIGS. 24 and 24A are perspective views of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 23 fully extended and having the foam disc separated;[0047]
• FIGS. 25 and 25A are perspective views of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 showing an alternate embodiment,of-a linear bearing and the shield separated from the needle hub and wing assembly;[0048]
• FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 showing an embodiment of a needle latch;[0049]
• FIG. 27 is a rear view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 showing the needle latch shown in FIG. 26;[0050]
• FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 showing an additional lockout feature;[0051]
• FIG. 29 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 illustrating an embodiment of a latch for retaining the safety shield apparatus in a retracted position;[0052]
• FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the safety shield apparatus shown in FIG. 19 showing an alternate embodiment of a disc;[0053]
• FIG. 31 is an enlarged bottom view of an alternate embodiment of a latch of the safety shield apparatus illustrated in FIG. 19;[0054]
• FIG. 32 is a side cross-sectional view of the latch illustrated in FIG. 31.[0055]
• FIG. 33 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the safety shield apparatus; and[0056]
• FIG. 34 is a side cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a needle and hub.[0057]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
• The exemplary embodiments of the safety shield apparatus and methods of operation disclosed are discussed in terms of medical needles for infusion of intravenous fluids, medication infusion or fluid collection, and more particularly, in terms of port access needle apparatus, employing a needle cannula, that prevent hazardous exposure to the needle cannula, including, for example, inadvertent needle stick. It is contemplated that the safety shield apparatus may also be used for implanted infusion pumps or other similar implanted devices. It is further contemplated that the needle cannula may be shielded during use including storage, transport, fluid infusion and/or collection, subsequent thereto, etc. It is envisioned that the present disclosure, however, finds application to a wide variety of cannula needles and devices for the infusion of preventive medications, medicaments, therapeutics, etc. to a subject. It is also envisioned that the present disclosure may be employed for collection of body fluids, including, those employed during procedures relating to phlebotomy, digestive, intestinal, urinary, veterinary, etc.[0058]
• In the discussion that follows, the term “proximal” refers to a portion of a structure that is closer to a clinician, and the term “distal” refers to a portion that is further from the clinician. As used herein, the term “subject” refers to a patient that receives infusions or has blood and/or fluid collected therefrom using the safety shield apparatus. According to the present disclosure, the term “clinician” refers to an individual administering an infusion, performing fluid collection, installing or removing a needle cannula from a safety shield apparatus and may include support personnel.[0059]
• The following discussion includes a description of the safety shield apparatus, followed by a description of the method of operating the safety shield apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure. Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, which are illustrated in the accompanying figures.[0060]
• Turning now to the figures wherein like components are designated by like reference numerals throughout the several views. Referring initially to FIGS.[0061]1-8, there is illustrated asafety shield apparatus10, constructed in accordance with the principals of the present disclosure, including a needle, such as, for example,medical needle20 having a distal portion defining a longitudinal axis a which is angularly displaced relative to a longitudinal axis b defined by a proximal portion ofmedical needle20. A shield, such as, for example,shield assembly40 is mounted withmedical needle20 and extensible, via aneedle guide150 movably guidingmedical needle20, between a retracted position (FIG. 1) and an extended position (FIG. 4). It is contemplated thatneedle guide150 may be tubular.Safety shield apparatus10 is advantageously configured to prevent hazardous exposure to a needle cannula by providing an adequate and reliable safety shield apparatus for port access needle devices which sheaths a needle upon removal from an insertion site, as will be discussed below.
• [0062]Shield assembly40 includes anelongated part140, discussed below, and has a proximal end mounted with the proximal portion ofmedical needle20 and a distal end mounted with a planar contact surface, such as, for example,stabilizer part130, discussed below.Shield assembly40 is extensible between the retracted position and the extended position via fixed positioning ofstabilizer part130 relative to movement ofshield assembly40. Thus, another advantage of the present disclosure is thatsafety shield apparatus10 is actuated without applying substantial transverse forces tomedical needle20 during removal, resulting in a higher degree of safety to the clinician and subject. Further, this configuration ofsafety shield apparatus10 advantageously provides an automatic sheathing ofmedical needle20 asshield assembly40 is manipulated to the extended position, as will be discussed.
• [0063]Safety shield apparatus10 is contemplated for use in the field of medical fluid infusion and/or collection. More particularly,safety shield apparatus10 is envisioned to be a disposable port access needle device employing, among other things, safety features having shielding capabilities to prevent inadvertent sticking or punctures of clinicians and subjects, as well as uniform and dependable movement ofsheath assembly40 during a procedure and a locking mechanism for reliable use. The above advantages, among others, realized from the present disclosure are attained through the disclosedsafety shield apparatus10, which is extensible to a protective configuration, as discussed hereinbelow. These features of the present disclosure advantageously facilitate a safe infusion and/or collection of fluids and prevent inadvertent needle stick of a clinician and subject.
• The component parts of[0064]safety shield apparatus10 may be fabricated from a material suitable for medical applications, such as, for example, polymerics or metals, such as stainless steel, depending on the particular medical application and/or preference of a clinician. Semi-rigid and rigid polymerics are contemplated for fabrication, as well as resilient materials, such as molded medical grade polypropylene. However, one skilled in the art will realize that other materials and fabrication methods suitable for assembly and manufacture, in accordance with the present disclosure, also would be appropriate.Safety shield apparatus10 may be integrally assembled of its constituent parts. Alternatively, portions ofsafety shield apparatus10 can be monolithically formed and assembled therewith.
• Referring to FIG. 1,[0065]safety shield apparatus10 is employed with a Huber type needle, such as,medical needle20.Safety shield apparatus10 includes amedical needle20, aneedle hub assembly30, ashield assembly40 and a section ofmedical tubing50.
• In[0066]safety shield apparatus10,medical needle20 is formed from an angled cannula, as shown in FIG. 7. Generally, for the purposes of providing access tomedical needle20 along a plane orthogonal to a line of percutaneous entry and parallel to a plane of an entry site,medical needle20 is angled. This configuration is consistent with a Huber needle. Other angled medical needles may be protected by the apparatus in accordance with the present disclosure. The distal portion ofmedical needle20 has an inferiorly disposed sharpenedend60. The proximal portion includes a superiorly disposedabrupt end80 and a medially disposedbend70 is formed therebetween.
• [0067]Needle hub assembly30, as shown in FIG. 7A, includes anappendage100 by whichneedle hub assembly30 is grasped and displaced.Needle hub assembly30 also includes ahub body section110, into which end80 ofmedical needle20 is securely affixed, and aslider part120.Slider part120 engages elongatedpart140 to facilitate extension ofshield assembly140, as will be discussed below.
• Referring to FIGS. 7B and 8,[0068]shield assembly40 includes a horizontally disposed stabilizer part orfinger part130 and anelongated part140. Aneedle guide150 is disposed at a distal end ofelongated part140.Stabilizer part130 may include a plurality ofholes152, which reduce the amount of material required to constructstabilizer part130 and provide for line-of-sight visualization ofmedical needle20, especially during needle insertion procedures and for evaporation and air circulation. A medially disposedhole154 instabilizer part130 provides a through pathway formedical needle20 and additional opportunity to see a needle insertion target.Stabilizer part130 may be formed to have a sufficiently largeaccessible surface160 to permit digital pressure to be applied in the direction of an insertion site. Such pressure is normally applied to a needle insertion site to counter anticipated frictional release forces when extractingmedical needle20 therefrom. Further, during extension ofelongated part140, pressure applied tostabilizer part130 fixes the position ofstabilizer part130 relative to movement ofelongated part140 towards the extended position.
• A pair of juxtaposed triangularly shaped[0069]struts162 and164, which extend outward fromsurface160, may be medially disposed abouthole154.Struts162 and164 are configured to have a minimum top width such that a hinge connection may be made (e.g., by injection molding) withelongated part140.Struts162 and164 may be hingedly connected toelongated part140 via a pair ofhinges166 and168, respectively.Hinges166 and168 are living hinges integrally molded inshield assembly40, althoughelongated part140 may be made separate fromstabilizer part130, within the scope of the disclosure and joined by other kinds of hinges, such as pin hinges, etc.Elongated part140 may have a pair of juxtaposed outwardly extendingwings170 and172 to which hinges166 and168 are respectively joined. It is contemplated that struts162,164 may have other configurations, such as, rectangular, parabolic, etc., and of varying dimension, according to the particular requirements of a medical application and in conformity with the principles of the present disclosure.
• Referring to FIGS. 7B and 8, right-side disposed[0070]members173, ofelongated part140, may include an outwardly disposed, elongatedside rail174 and a medially disposedelongated side rail176. Defining an axis along the length ofelongated rails174 and176 to be a y axis of an x, y, z coordinate system, rails174 and176 are mutually displaced along an x axis to cooperatively form aguide channel178.Elongated rails174 and176 may be mutually displaced, as shown in FIG. 8, along a z axis to provide an offset which facilitates injection mold manufacture, as one skilled in the fabrication arts.
• Distally disposed relative to hinge[0071]168,rail174 may comprise alatching arm180 which is angularly displaced intoguide channel178. As will be disclosed in detail hereafter, latchingarm180 may be disposed to catch slider part120 (FIG. 7A) to function as a latch and affixmedical needle20 within a safety shield provided byshield assembly40. Other latches are also contemplated which would so affixshield assembly40 as a safety shield may be used within the scope of the present disclosure.Guide channel178 may be closed distal to latchingarm180 by a joiningsegment182.Segment182 may be disposed to limit travel ofslider part120 inguide channel178.
• A bridging[0072]part184 may be distally disposed relative to latchingarm180 and hinge168. Bridgingpart184 may be provided as a strengthening member and may not be required if other parts ofshield assembly40 are sufficiently rigid to perform as an adequate safety shield. Bridgingpart184 may join right-side disposedmembers173 to left-side disposedmembers185 ofelongated part140, as shown in FIG. 8.
• Similar to right-side disposed[0073]members173, left-side disposedmembers185 ofelongated part140 may comprise an outwardly disposed, elongatedside rail194 and a medially disposedelongated side rail196, as shown in FIG. 6.Elongated rails194 and196 define they axis and rails194 and196 may be mutually displaced along the x axis to cooperatively form aguide channel198.Elongated rails194 and196 may be mutually displaced along the z axis to provide an offset which facilitates injection mold manufacture.
• Distally disposed relative to hinge[0074]166,rail194 may comprise alatching arm200 which is angularly displaced intoguide channel198. Similar to latchingarm180, latchingarm200 may be disposed to catch aslider part120′ to affixmedical needle20 within a safety shield provided byshield assembly40.Guide channel198 may be closed, distal to latchingarm200, by a joiningsegment202.Segment202 may be disposed to limit travel ofslider part120′ inguide channel198. This configuration facilitates affixingshield assembly40 as a safety shield.
• Bridging[0075]part184 may be distally disposed relative to latchingarm200 and hinge166, as discussed above. Left-side members185 provide redundancy and, therefore, a lower likelihood of failure of a safety shield. It is contemplated that only one or a plurality of slider part/guide channel combinations be employed.
• Referring to FIG. 8, a[0076]second bridging part204, medially disposed betweenneedle guide part150 andhole154 may also provide structural support forelongated part140 between left-side and right-side members,173 and185, respectively. Bridgingpart204 may comprise aslot205 which is aligned withguide part150 to permit travel ofmedical needle20 therethrough. Additional structural support forelongated part140 may be provided by an inferiorly disposed bridgingpart206, as shown in FIG. 6.
• [0077]Needle guide150 may be affixed tostabilizer part130 in line withslot205 andhole154, as shown in FIG. 8.Needle guide150 may include a medially disposed throughbore hole210 and anexterior surface212. The diameter ofbore hole210 should be large enough for facile passage ofmedical needle20 therethrough, but sufficiently small to assure a firm contact betweenguide part150 andmedical needle20 whenelongated part140 is vertically disposed relative tostabilizer part130 and latched, as, by example,slider part120 being engaged by latchingarm180.Needle guide150 may include a tubular or cylindrical section that advantageously facilitates extension ofshield assembly140 to the extended position. The tubular or cylindrical section ofneedle guide150, among other components ofsafety shield apparatus10, controls motion relative tomedical needle20 during extraction from an insertion site preventing undesired “rebounding” or jerking ofmedical needle20.
• Referring to FIG. 7C,[0078]tubing50 provides a communicating fluid pathway betweenmedical needle20 and fluid holding devices which are remote from a patient to whommedical needle20 is affixed. As shown in FIG. 3,tubing50 may be directly affixed tomedical needle20.Tubing50 may be so affixed by adhesive, press fit or other ways of securing tubing to needles, which are well known in the medical device manufacturing art.
• [0079]Medical needle20 may be securely affixed tohub body section110 which includes abore hole220 sized to receivetubing50, as shown in FIG. 3.Bore hole220 may end abruptly at aledge224 which surrounds a smaller hole defined by a constrainingrim226. In this way, securely affixingmedical needle20 intotubing50 which resides inbore hole220, assures rigid containment of bothtubing50 andmedical needle20 withinbody section110.Tubing50 may be securely attached tobody section110 withinbore hole220 by adhesive, insert molding, press fit, etc.
• [0080]Appendage100 includes a digital (manipulable) interface which may be facilely gripped by a clinicians fingers.Appendage100 may have awinged interface230, as shown in FIGS.1-5.Winged interface230 may include two winged parts,232 and234.Winged parts232 and234 may be hinged or flexible and horizontally disposed, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to provide a low silhouette untilsafety shield apparatus10 is to be removed from an insertion site. This configuration advantageously permits less obstruction for tape down and other site preparation over extended periods of use.
• As shown in FIG. 1, winged part[0081]232 (and winged part234) may be articulated to a more vertical orientation when extractingmedical needle20.Winged interface230 permits extraction forces to be applied directly above and in-line with a longitudinal axis insertion line ofmedical needle20. To aid in gripping and transferring extraction forces towinged interface230,winged parts232,234 may include corrugation, texturing or other process to increase surface friction.
• The manufacture of[0082]safety shield apparatus10 parts may be accomplished by injection molding ofhub assembly30 andshield assembly40, both of which may be injection molded using synthetic resinous material, such as polypropylene.Medical tubing50 may be selected from medical tubing currently commercially available. To assemblesafety shield apparatus10, slider parts may be displaced into slideable containment in an associated guide channel, such asslider part120 being displaced intoguide channel178. In FIG. 6, atubing channel240 may be formed by separation of juxtaposedrails176 and196.Tubing50 may be displaced throughchannel240 and intobore hole50, as previously disclosed.End80 ofmedical needle20 is displaced intotubing50 and securely affixed thereat.
• As seen in FIGS.[0083]1-3,safety shield apparatus10 may be properly sterilized and otherwise prepared for storage, shipment and use.Safety shield apparatus10 may be properly affixed, viastabilizer part130, and inserted with a subject (not shown) for a port access medical procedure, such as, for example, one or a plurality of infusion and/or collection of fluid procedures. Upon completion of the medical procedure(s), force may be applied to surface160 of stabilizer part (finger pad)130 while retracting forces are applied towinged parts232 and234. Thus,stabilizer part130 remains in a fixed position, relative to movement ofshield assembly40 to the extended position.Needle guide150 may slidably supportmedical needle20 to facilitate extension ofshield assembly40 and prevent undesired “rebound” or jerking motion during extraction.
• [0084]Medical needle20 is thereby extracted from an insertion site. Asmedical needle20 is extracted,hub assembly30 is displaced away fromsurface160 displacingslider parts120 and120′ alongrespective guide channels178 and198.Elongated part140 is thereby articulated until sharpenedtip60 ofmedical needle20 is displaced into protective shielding ofshield assembly40 andslider parts120 and120′ are unreleasably, respectively engaged by latchingarms180 and200. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 5, sharpenedtip60 ofmedical needle20 is fully enclosed byshield assembly140.
• To assure shielding of sharpened[0085]tip60,medical needle20 may be captured and held within a rigid, triangular frame formed having sides made of portions ofmedical needle20,hub body section110,elongated part140 and guidepart150. As shown in FIG. 4, atriangle250 is formed by dashed lines which representlegs252,254 and256 oftriangle250. For clarity, each internal angle oftriangle250 is referenced as an angle between adjacent legs (e.g., the angle associated withbend70 ofmedical needle20 andslider part120 is referenced byangle252/254.)
• In an alternate embodiment, when[0086]elongated part140 is articulated away fromstabilizer part130 andslider parts120 and120′ are respectively affixed by latchingarms180 and200 (FIG. 5),elongated part140 firmly engagesexterior surface212 of guide part150 (FIG. 4A). Asmedical needle20 is restrained withinbore hole210, anendpoint258 of eachleg252 and256 andangle252/256 is defined (FIG. 4). Anangle252/254 is defined by construction ofneedle bend70 andhub body section110. All internal angles oftriangle250 are predetermined. With all internal angles known, and at least one side determined, the size and structure oftriangle150 is fixed. Acommon endpoint260 forlegs256 and254 is defined to be atslider part120. Acommon endpoint262 forlegs252 and254 is atbend70. Thus, an attempt to forcehub assembly30 towardstabilizer part130 and thereby to drive sharpenedend60 outwardly throughhole154 is defeated, andmedical needle20 is safely contained withinshield assembly40.
• Within the scope of the present disclosure, a straight medical needle may be used in place of[0087]medical needle20, see for example, the embodiment shown in FIG. 34 and discussed hereafter. In such a case, a hub assembly which is firmly and securely affixed to the straight needle and which permits fluid communication with medical tubing would have a slider part (similar to slider part120) transversely displaced relative to the straight medical needle to engage a guide channel (similar to guide channel178).
• Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, another embodiment of a[0088]safety shield apparatus10′, similar to the apparatus and methods of use ofsafety shield apparatus10 described above, is shown.Safety shield apparatus10′ may have awinged interface230′ used to apply extractive force to pullmedical needle20 ofsafety shield apparatus10′ from an insertion site. As shown in FIG. 9,safety shield apparatus10′ has a pair ofwings270 and272 affixed to ahub assembly30′.Winged interface230′ may have holes disposed inwings270 and272 to form pull rings274 and276, respectively. Such rings are provided to facilitate applying pull force in direct line withmedical needle20 whenwinged interface230′ is upwardly disposed as shown in FIG. 10.
• Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, another embodiment of a[0089]safety shield apparatus10″, similar to the apparatus and methods of use ofsafety shield apparatus10 described above, is shown.Safety shield apparatus10″ includes amedical needle20, aneedle hub assembly30, ashield assembly40′ and a section ofmedical tubing50.
• As shown in FIG. 11,[0090]safety shield apparatus10″ may have a stabilizer part orfinger pad130′, which may be made from a transparent material, although translucent or opaque material may be used within the scope of the present disclosure. Further,stabilizer part130′ may also be flexible allowing it to be folded about other parts ofsafety shield apparatus10″ duringmedical needle20 insertion.Stabilizer part130′ may be a thin sheet having sufficient tensile strength to allowshield assembly40′ to be displaced to sheath and protectmedical needle20 without tearing, similar tostabilizer part130, discussed above. One advantage of configuringstabilizer part130′ as a thin sheet is to permit tactile feedback about the insertion site, while withdrawingmedical needle20. In a Huber needle application,medical needle20 penetrates a septum of an implanted port, tactile feedback and stabilization of the port itself duringmedical needle20 extraction is desirable.
• In FIG. 11,[0091]stabilizer part130′ may be folded aboutsafety shield apparatus10″ to permit visual access tomedical needle20. In FIG. 12,stabilizer part130′ may be broadly spread to permit manual access and application of force while extractingmedical needle20 to be captured within the shield provided byshield assembly40′.
• [0092]Stabilizer part130′ may include ananchor part130″ both having a centrallydisposed hole154 for passage ofmedical needle20.Anchor part130″ may have a sufficient diameter to provide a base forstruts162 and164 and a secure attachment tostabilizer part130′.Stabilizer part130′ may be mechanically affixed, injection molded, adhered, etc., to anchorpart130″.Stabilizer part130″ may be fabricated from materials such as polyolefin, polyurethane film, woven or non-woven fabrics, synthetic foam, etc.
• Referring to FIGS.[0093]13-19, another embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure is shown. As shown in FIG. 13, asafety shield apparatus310, similar to the apparatus and methods of use ofsafety shield apparatus10 described above, includes amedical needle20, a needle hub assembly330, ashield assembly340 and a section ofmedical tubing50.
• A needle hub assembly[0094]330 may include anappendage100′ by which hub assembly330 can be grasped and displaced, and ahub body section110′ into which end80 ofmedical needle20 is securely affixed. Hub assembly330 may include apin hinge360 whereby hub assembly330 is hingeably affixed to shieldassembly340. Living hinges are also contemplated. Referring to FIGS. 17 and 18,shield assembly340 may include a first articulatingpart400 having anend402 which is joined tohub assembly320 viapin hinge360. Articulatingpart400 may be hingeably associated with a second articulatingpart410, at afirst end412 through apin hinge414. Living hinges are also contemplated.
• Articulating[0095]part400 may be symmetrical about a longitudinal axis having a pair ofside parts416 and418, as shown in FIG. 18. Articulatingpart400 may also be single sided. A bridgingmember420 may join and support separation ofside part416 and418 and thereby defines arectangular space422 betweenparts416 and418.
• Articulating[0096]part410 may be shorter thanpart400 and includesside members424 and426, as seen in FIG. 18.Parts400,410 may be of varying relative dimension. A bridgingmember430 joins and supports separation ofside parts424 and426.Side parts424 and426 are separated such that articulatingpart410 may be foldably disposed withinspace422, permittingshield340 to be compacted into a low silhouette, as shown in FIG. 13. Disposed in articulatingpart410, between bridgingmember430 and bridgingmember420 of articulatingpart400, may be anopening432. Opening432 permits aclip434 to be molded into articulatingpart410, as shown in FIG. 17.Clip434 may have astem section436 coupled to alatch437 which is displaced beyondmedical needle20 whenshield assembly340 is extended, as shown in FIGS.15-17. Latch437 catchesmedical needle20 to affixshield assembly340 in a protective position aboutmedical needle20 and sharpenedtip60, as disclosed in detail hereafter. Other clips may be used within the scope of the present disclosure.
• At a[0097]second end438,part410 may be hingeably affixed to alinear guide440.Linear guide440 may include a medially disposed throughhole444 which is slidably disposed about medical needle20 (FIGS. 14 and 17) and acts as a guide forshield assembly340 as articulatingparts400 and410 are unfolded to provide a protective sheath formedical needle20 and sharpenedtip60. As shown in FIG. 18, distal fromhinge442,linear guide440 may include a flattenedplate446, similar tostabilizer part130, discussed above.
• A thin[0098]resilient disk450 may include anaccessible surface452 and, thereby, provides for tactilely sensing disposition of a target implant and for distributing tactile forces across a broader surface area than that which is accessible through finger contact alone. By makingdisk450 of transparent or material through whichmedical needle20 may be seen, an insertion site may be more easily viewed during a percutaneous, entry procedure. Also, aresilient disk450 may be folded abouthub assembly320 to provide an unobstructed view during the entry procedure.
• As one who is skilled in injection mold manufacture and parts molding understands,[0099]hub assembly320 andshield assembly340 may be molded from a single injection molded part, as such may be preferred to reduce the cost of manufacture ofsafety shield apparatus310. Medical grade polypropylene may be used tomold assemblies320 and340.Assemblies320 and340 are generally symmetrical about an axial midline defined by ashaft460 of medical needle20 (FIG. 14).
• As shown in FIG. 14,[0100]hub assembly320 may comprise a throughhole470 which is narrowed toward disposition ofbend70 ofmedical needle20 and is enlarged toward anattachment site472 betweenmedical needle20 andtubing50. Anabrupt edge474 retards the length of insertion oftubing50 such that whentubing50 is adhesively affixed tomedical needle20 aboutend80, a combination of such adhesion and bend70 securely affixesmedical needle20 inneedle hub assembly320. Other needle to tubing joints are possible within the scope of the present disclosure. Withshield assembly340 hingeably affixed tohub assembly320 as shown in FIG. 18,safety shield apparatus310 may be assembled by displacingmedical needle20 throughspace422 in articulatingpart400, throughhole444 inguide440 of articulatingpart410 and through a pair of medially disposedholes476 and478 ofplate446 and-disk450, respectively, as shown in FIG. 14.
• In an alternate embodiment, to assure shielding of sharpened[0101]tip60,medical needle20 may be captured and held within a rigid structure, a triangular frame is formed having sides made up of portions ofmedical needle20,hub body section110′, articulatingpart400 and that portion of articulatingpart410 which includes latching structure associated withclip434. As shown in FIG. 17, atriangle480 is formed by dashed lines which representlegs482,484 and486 oftriangle480.Leg484 is defined by end points atbend70 andpin hinge360.Leg486 is disposed parallel to radius of angle of rotation of articulatingpart400 and is defined by an end point atpin hinge360 and intersection withshaft460 ofneedle20.Leg482 is defined by an end point atbend70 and point of intersection withline486. For clarity, each internal angle oftriangle480 is referenced as an included angle between adjacent legs (e.g., the internal angle atbend70 betweenshaft460 ofmedical needle20 andleg484 towardpin hinge360 is referenced byangle482/484).
• When[0102]shield assembly340 is unfolded andpart400 is articulated away from stabilizer parts (plate446 and disk450) andpart410 is rotated into alignment withshaft460 as shown in FIGS.15-17,clip434 catches and affixespart410 relative toneedle20. So affixed,triangle480 is defined. Thus,triangle480 establishes a rigid structure assuring protective cover forneedle20 andtip60 which is then protected byshaft460surrounding guide440.Angle482/484 is fixed by structure associated withbend70 andpin hinge360.Angle484/486 is determined byclip434 being disposed to latchshaft460.Angle482/486 is defined because the other two angles oftriangle480 are so defined. Thus, an attempt to forcehub assembly320 towardstabilizer parts446 and450 and thereby to drive sharpenedend60 outwardly throughholes476 and478 is defeated, andmedical needle20 is safely contained withinshield assembly340.Shield assembly340 may be constructed such thatangle482/486 is zero whenclip434 is affixed toshaft460.
• Referring to FIGS.[0103]19-30, an embodiment of asafety shield apparatus744 is shown including aport access needle746 including ashield750 of hingedlyconnected segments612′ and614′ for protectingdistal end747 ofneedle746 after use in a medical procedure.Needle746 may be oriented in two axes such that adistal needle portion746A is oriented at an axis 90 degrees relative to an axis defined by aproximal needle portion746B. It is contemplated thatdistal needle portion746A andproximal needle portion746B may be oriented at various angular displacements. As shown in FIGS.19-29,segments612′ and614′ may be configured for a low profile such that the segments may be folded into each other in a pre-use state as a result of either segment having smaller dimensions than the other.
• FIGS. 19 and 20 show[0104]safety shield apparatus744 in a retracted position, while FIGS. 21 and 22 show the extended and protected position withshield750 attached toneedle746 by means of aneedle latch754 shown in FIGS. 22, 26 and27.Needle latch754 has an arcuateouter surface754A and aradial edge754B. A deformableinterior cavity754C oflatch754 corresponds toouter surface754A. Upon actuation ofshield750,needle746 engages and travels alongouter surface754A untilneedle754 becomes disposed overradial edge754B.Outer surface754A elastically deforms to facilitate movement ofneedle746 thereover and extension ofshield750.Shield750 is manipulated until the fully extended position is reached.Radial edge754B prevents movement ofneedle746 and consequently shield750 to the retracted position, thereby lockingshield750 in the fully extended position. Movement ofneedle746 is prevented due to the compressive forces created inouter surface754A and tensile forces in754B via engagement ofneedle746 andradial edge754B.
• As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, a[0105]rib770 may be utilized for positioning theneedle746 with respect toneedle latch754.Needle746 may be latched to shield750 by various other means as set forth herein. For example, in an alternate embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 31 and 32, aneedle latch946 formed withshield750.Needle latch946 has asurface950 on which needle746 rests to lockshield750 in the extended position.Surfaces948 and952retain needle746 withsurface950 in the locked and extended position. In operation, asshield750 is manipulated to the fully extended position,needle746 engageslatch946 and travels overlatch arm954, whichbiases permitting needle746 to enterlatch946 and come to rest withsurface950.Latch arm954 biases back, and in cooperation withsurfaces948,952 retainsneedle746, and correspondingly,shield750 in the extended and locked position.
• [0106]Shield750 may further comprise a planar contact surface, such as, for example,disc752 attached tolinear bearing638′, which may be permanently attached or releasably attached. Linear bearing638′ may also be monolithically formed withdisc752.Disc752 may further include foldable portions (not shown), such as by living hinges, for packaging purposes. Texturing may also be added to the top surface ofdisc752 to enhance gripping ofdisc752, as shown in FIGS. 24A and 25A.Disc752 may also be hingedly attached todistal segment614′ throughhinge782, thereby leavinglinear bearing638′ free from communication with thedisc752. Linear bearing638′ remains connected to distal segment14′ through living hinge78.
• Referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 28, an additional lockout feature may be added for securing[0107]safety shield apparatus744 in the lockout mode. For the embodiment shown in FIG. 28, the lockout is accomplished by engagement oflatches776 disposed ondistal segment614′ toflanges778 disposed onlinear bearing638′.
• [0108]Shield750 is passively activated upon withdrawal of theneedle746 from a patient, whereinwings748 may be used to facilitate insertion and withdrawal of thesafety shield apparatus744. One method of withdrawingneedle746 from a patient includes the steps of holdingdisc752 against a patient while pullingwings748 away from the subject. Once theneedle latch754 engages theneedle746, thesafety shield apparatus744 may be removed. It is contemplated thatdisc752 is adherently attached to the subject.Disc752 may also be releasable fromlinear bearing638′.
• The[0109]hinges connecting segments612′ and614′ andlinear bearing638′ may be flexible living hinges678, pinned hinges, or equivalents thereof that provide for hinged connections ofsegments612′ and614′ and thelinear bearing638′ (see, e.g., FIG. 26). Moreover, the number of hingedly connected segments depends uponneedle746 length and device length required to extendshield744 beyonddistal end747 ofneedle746. Embodiments of thesafety shield apparatus744 may, therefore, include two or more segments.
• As shown in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 19,[0110]needle746 has a proximal end and adistal end747 with the proximal end ofneedle746 affixed in ahub758.Wings748 may be affixed to the needle hub. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 25,safety shield apparatus744 is assembled by insertinghub758 intocollar760. Flaredsurfaces762 may be included onhub758 to engagecollar760. The needle hub may also be configured to attach an extension settubing736. In an alternate embodiment, as shown in FIG. 33,needle hub758 andwings748 include anopening748A. Opening748A permitslinear bearing638′ (see, e.g., FIG. 26) to extend further intoneedle hub758 andwings748, and form a friction fit therewith, such thatshield750 can be maintained in the retracted position, as shown. This configuration advantageously provides greater stability and increased coverage ofneedle746.
• Referring to FIGS. 23 and 24, an embodiment of[0111]safety shield apparatus744 is shown further comprising apad756, which may be added underneathdisc752 for patient comfort and as a spacer between a patient's skin anddisc752.Pad756 may be comprised of a foam material such as a closed-cell foam, polyurethane open-cell foam, or an equivalent crushed or densified, felted material.Pad756 may be an absorbent, breathable material that may also be capable of wicking moisture.Pad756 may also be impregnated with an antimicrobial agent, such as chlorhexidine or equivalent material.Pad756 may also be comprised of a foam material with a thin film coating on either side including, but not limited to, polyolefin, breathable polyurethane, or other equivalent materials. The thin film coating may also be perforated.
• [0112]Pad756 may be separately packaged in a sterile container for use as a replacement pad for an existing dressing.Pad756 may also be used as a dressing, which may replace or supplement a gauze dressing.
• [0113]Pad756 may have a friction fit capability for attachment toneedle746, with apossible slit764 included for ease of attachment tosafety shield apparatus744.Pad756 may also be permanently attached tosafety shield apparatus744. Anotch780 may be added toslit764 to assist in guiding thepad756 into the proper position on theneedle746.Holes766 may be added to thepad756 for purposes such as aiding in visibility and increasing air flow to thepad756. Similar holes may be added to thedisc752 for the same purposes.
• Referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 29,[0114]safety shield apparatus744 may be retained in the retracted position by aflange772 disposed onproximal segment612′ engagingnotches774 in aflange778 disposed onlinear bearing638′. Alternative embodiments may include a flange disposed on thehub758 or distal segment674′ with corresponding notches located on an alternate segment orhub758.
• Referring to FIG. 34, another alternate embodiment of a[0115]safety shield apparatus810, in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, similar to the apparatus and methods of use ofsafety shield apparatus10,10″,310 and744 described above, is shown.Safety shield apparatus810 includes a port accessmedical needle820, aneedle hub assembly830, ashield assembly840 of hingedlyconnected segments842 and844 for protecting adistal portion860 ofneedle820, and a section ofmedical tubing50.Medical needle820 has a linear shaft extending along a longitudinal axis c and adistal portion860 and aproximal portion880.Proximal portion880 is mounted toneedle hub assembly830. The channel offluid flow852 inhub assembly830 may be angled such that a relativelystraight needle820 may be utilized, rather than an angled needle as heretofore shown.
• FIG. 34 shows[0116]safety shield apparatus810 in the extended and protected position withshield840 attached toneedle820 by means of aneedle latch846, similar to the needle latches described above.
• [0117]Shield assembly840 may further comprise a planar contact surface, such as, for example,disc848 attached tolinear bearing850, which may be permanently attached or releasably attached. Linear bearing850 may also be monolithically formed withdisc848.Shield assembly840 is extensible between a retracted position and an extended position, similar to the embodiments described above, via fixed positioning ofdisc848.
• In another embodiment, the hub, may be configured to include a luer fitting for attachment to various needle devices such as a syringe or IV set.[0118]
• It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplification of the various embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.[0119]

Claims (20)

What is claimed is:

1. A safety shield apparatus comprising:

a needle shield having a planar contact surface;

a pad having a first surface mountable to the planar contact surface and a second surface configured for engagement with a body surface.

2. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad is made from a foam material.

3. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad is made from a felted material.

4. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad is made from a breathable material.

5. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad is made from a material configured for wicking moisture.

6. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad is impregnated with an antimicrobial agent.

7. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein at least one of said surfaces includes a thin film coating disposed thereon.

8. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 7 wherein said thin film coating is perforated.

9. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad comprises:

a planar shape having a thickness defining a peripheral surface connecting said first and second surfaces; and

a slit extending from said peripheral surface to about a center of said pad.

10. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 9 wherein said pad further comprises a notch leading from said peripheral surface into said slit.

11. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 9 wherein said planar shape comprises a disk.

12. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 9 further comprising a needle operatively disposed with said needle shield wherein said pad is retained to said needle safety device by a friction fit between said pad and said needle.

13. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 12 wherein said friction fit is provided between said slit and said needle.

14. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad is permanently attached to said planar contact surface.

15. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said pad further includes at least one through-hole.

16. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 further comprising means for attachment of said pad to a safety shield apparatus.

17. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 1 wherein said needle shield comprises a Huber safety needle shield.

18. A safety shield apparatus comprising:

a needle having a distal portion and a proximal portion;

an extensible needle shield having a distal end planar contact surface and a proximal end attached to said proximal portion of said needle; and

a pad adapted for spacing between said planar contact surface and a subject's skin; said pad including

a first surface adapted for disposal against said planar contact surface;

a second surface adapted to for disposal against said subject's skin;

a planar shape having a thickness defining a peripheral surface connecting said first and second surfaces; and

a slit extending from said peripheral surface to about a center of said pad;

wherein said pad is retained to said safety shield apparatus by a friction fit between said pad and said needle.

19. The safety shield apparatus according toclaim 18 wherein said pad further comprises:

a notch leading from said peripheral surface into said slit; and

at least one through hole providing fluid communication between said first and second surfaces.

20. A safety shield apparatus comprising:

a needle having a distal portion and a proximal portion;

an extensible needle shield having a distal end planar contact surface and a proximal end and attached to said proximal portion of said needle; and

a pad adapted for spacing between a planar contact surface of a safety needle device and a subject's skin,

 wherein said pad comprises:

a first surface adapted for disposal against said planar contact surface;

a second surface adapted to for disposal against said subject's skin;

a planar shape having a thickness defining a peripheral surface connecting said first and second surfaces; and

wherein said pad is permanently attached to said needle safety device.

Images