US20030172615A1 - Methods for automated assembly of roof panel structures - Google Patents

Abstract

A portable roof panel structure assembly mechanism that may be transported to a construction site and that is used to automatically assemble roof panel structures at the site. The assembly mechanism includes a purlin feeder, subpurlin clamping mechanisms and feeders, and a diaphragm feeder. The purlin feeder lifts a purlin into position, and advances the purlin into an assembly station. The subpurlin feeders insert a subpurlin into each of a plurality of subpurlin clamping mechanisms, and the clamping mechanisms advance into the assembly station and hold the subpurlins against the section of the purlin that has been advanced. The diaphragm feeder places a diaphragm onto the subpurlins and the purlin at the assembly station. The components are attached by automatic nailers.

Description

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• The present invention is related to U.S. patent applications entitled “APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING PANELIZED ROOF STRUCTURES” (Attorney Docket No. 29003-11010) and “APPARATUS FOR ASSEMBLY OF ROOF PANEL STRUCTURES” (Attorney Docket No. 29003-11030),” having a common inventor, filed concurrently herewith, and hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.[0001]
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates generally to roof structures, and more particularly to the fabrication of panelized roof structures.[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• Roofs for contemporary buildings, particularly light industrial buildings having rectangular-shaped roofing, typically are formed from roof panel structures that are attached to main supporting beams. In general, a roof panel structure includes a purlin (i.e., a major beam) that, when installed, is attached orthogonally to the main supporting beams of the structure, subpurlins (i.e., minor beams such as lumber stiffeners) that are attached orthogonally to the purlin, and diaphragms (e.g., wood structural panels) that are nailed to the subpurlins and the purlin for structural and shear support. Completed roof panel structures may be 25 to 80 feet in length or even longer, and are often lifted to and placed on the main supporting beams by a crane or forklift. Once in place, the roof panel structures are typically nailed to the main supporting beams and adjacent roof panel structures.[0003]
• In practice, each of the components of the roof panel structures is brought to a site and the roof panel structures are assembled by hand. Some manufacturers preassemble the subpurlins and the diaphragms offsite (typically in four-foot segments, but sometimes in eight-foot segments), and use the preassembled subpurlins and diaphragms at the site to form the roof panel structures. Even if the preassemblies are used, however, many carpenters and other construction workers are required in the roofing area to complete assembly and/or installation of the roof panel structures. Thus, although present roof panel structures work well for their intended purpose, their assembly can be time consuming and expensive. Moreover, the amount of labor involved may introduce errors into assembly, which may cause additional expenses of time, labor, and materials. In addition, the labor involved may be somewhat dangerous and/or strenuous, and very often requires young, attentive workers.[0004]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention provides a portable roof panel structure assembly mechanism that may be transported to a construction site and that is used to automatically assemble roof panel structures at the site. The roof panel structure assembly mechanism includes a purlin feeder, subpurlin clamping mechanisms and feeders, and a diaphragm feeder. The purlin feeder advances a purlin into an assembly station. The subpurlin feeders insert a subpurlin into each of a plurality of subpurlin clamping mechanisms, and the clamping mechanisms advance into the assembly station and hold the subpurlins against the section of the purlin that has been already advanced into the assembly station. The diaphragm feeder places a diaphragm onto the subpurlins and the purlin at the assembly station. The components are then ready for attachment.[0005]
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, one or more automatic nailers (e.g., nailing guns) may be used to attach the diaphragm, the subpurlins, and the purlin at the assembly station. The automatic nailers may be provided, for example, on a nailing carriage that moves with a lifting carriage that is used to deliver and place the diaphragm over the subpurlin and the purlin. If multiple nailing guns are used, particular guns may be fired according to the position of the gun and the length and/or width of the diaphragm. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, once the subpurlins, purlin, and diaphragm are in place, the nailing of the components together occurs automatically.[0006]
• In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the purlin feeder includes a height adjustment mechanism that permits the top level of a purlin on the feeder to be adjusted to a preselected height, regardless of the height of the purlin. After the purlin has been raised or lowered to the preselected height, the purlin is advanced into the assembly station. Subpurlins and a diaphragm are moved against the purlin in the assembly station, and are attached to the purlin, such as by the automatic nailers on the nailing carriage. The purlin is then indexed the width of the diaphragm, and the next subpurlins and diaphragm are placed against the new section of the purlin, and may be attached to the purlin at the assembly station (e.g., by the nailing carriage).[0007]
• The end of the purlin having subpurlins and diaphragm(s) attached thereto advances into an exit station. The exit station includes a support for the purlin, which is adjustable for height similar to, or the same as, the lifting mechanism for the purlin feeder. A second support is provided for the side of the assembled roof panel structure having the subpurlins and diaphragms (i.e., opposite the purlin). In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a fork lift is provided with tines that are specially configured to lift the roof panel structure from the exit station.[0008]
• In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, the subpurlin clamping mechanisms are mounted on a carriage that advances the clamping mechanisms and the subpurlins into the assembly station. The carriage may, for example, include a clamping mechanism for each subpurlin. Feeders are provided to supply subpurlins to the clamping mechanisms. According to one aspect of the present invention, a separate subpurlin feeder is provided for each subpurlin clamping mechanism. The subpurlin feeders may be, for example, vertical magazines or indexing units that drop a bottom subpurlin into a subpurlin clamping mechanism while a penultimate subpurlin is supported.[0009]
• The subpurlin clamping mechanisms may include clamps or pinchers that close on opposite sides of the subpurlin and thereby position a subpurlin in a subpurlin clamping mechanism. The clamps may include sensors for determining or confirming the thickness of a subpurlin in a subpurlin clamping mechanism.[0010]
• A rod or other device may be used to press a subpurlin against the purlin after the carriage has advanced the subpurlins into the assembly station. A sensor may be used to determine the length of the stroke of the rod so that the subpurlin length may be detected or confirmed.[0011]
• If the subpurlin includes brackets that are configured to extend over the purlin, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the carriage, the subpurlins, or the clamping mechanisms may be lifted as the brackets and subpurlins approach the purlin, so that the brackets are raised above a top edge of the purlin. This feature assures that the brackets clear the top edge of the purlin, instead of hitting the purlin as the brackets are advanced. The subpurlins, clamping mechanisms, or carriage may then be lowered, so that the brackets rest on top of the purlin.[0012]
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the diaphragm feeder includes a diaphragm carriage. In one embodiment, the diaphragm carriage includes the nailing carriage and a lifting carriage for lifting and placing the diaphragm onto the subpurlin and/or purlin. This lifting carriage may include some form of device for grasping a diaphragm, for example, suction cups.[0013]
• The lifting carriage may lift the diaphragm from a pile of diaphragms. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the pile of diaphragms may be provided on a lift designed such that a top diaphragm stays at substantially the same height as diaphragms are removed.[0014]
• In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, the lifting carriage is movable relative to the diaphragm carriage, and may, for example, be mounted on a diaphragm carriage for rotational and three dimensional movement. Sensors may be provided for aiding in proper alignment of a diaphragm held by the lifting carriage before the diaphragm is placed on the subpurlins and purlin.[0015]
• The nailing carriage may be separate from the diaphragm carriage, or may be mounted thereon, for example, on a lower portion of the diaphragm carriage. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a diaphragm is lowered into place in the assembly station by the lifting carriage, and the automatic nailers nail the diaphragm to the purlin and/or subpurlin before the holding device releases the diaphragm. The holding mechanism is then released and the lifting carriage is retracted. The nailing carriage may then index so that the automatic nailers may nail the diaphragm at other locations. This process may be continued until nailing is complete. The nailing process may require turning some automatic nailers on in some locations, and off in others, depending upon the configuration of the roof panel structure and the location of the automatic nailers. To aid in aligning the automatic nailers in the proper location, the diaphragm carriage is configured to provide lateral movement of the nailing carriage, such as in the x- and y-directions.[0016]
• The system may include a computer that permits the lengths and/or widths of the purlin, subpurlin, and diaphragms to be entered, so that the entire process is automatic once started. The sensors ensure that the appropriate size of subpurlins and diaphragms are in place and properly aligned, and serve as checks on the automated assembly.[0017]
• The roof panel structure assembly mechanism of the present invention may be operated by a minimal number of workers, but yet generates multiple roof panel structures in a fraction of the time of conventional, manual assembly. In addition, workers that are less mobile, and that are not capable of strenuous activity may be used to operate the roof panel structure assembly mechanism. The roof panel structure assembly mechanism is fully portable, so it may be delivered to a site where assembly is needed.[0018]
• Other advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:[0019]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of a mechanism for assembling roof panel structures in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, with parts removed to show detail;[0020]
• FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view a roof panel structure, used to show one typical construction of such a structure;[0021]
• FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of a purlin feeder for the roof panel structure assembly mechanism of FIG. 1;[0022]
• FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of a lifting mechanism for the purlin feeder of FIG. 3;[0023]
• FIG. 5 is a top view of a portion of the purlin feeder of FIG. 3;[0024]
• FIG. 6 is a side view of a portion of the purlin feeder of FIG. 3, with a purlin shown in a lowered position;[0025]
• FIG. 7 is a side view of a portion of the purlin feeder of FIG. 3, similar to FIG. 6, with a purlin shown in a higher position;[0026]
• FIG. 8 is a side perspective view of the roof panel structure assembly mechanism of FIG. 1, with parts removed for detail, and showing an assembled roof panel structure in an exit station, the assembled roof panel structure being shown in phantom;[0027]
• FIG. 9 shows a side perspective view, similar to FIG. 8, with the roof panel structure not being in phantom;[0028]
• FIG. 10 is a side perspective view of a roof panel structure in the exit station of FIG. 8, with a forklift shown preparing to remove the roof panel structure from the exit station;[0029]
• FIGS.[0030]11-13 are side views showing various stages of a forklift removing the roof panel structure of FIG. 10 from the exit station;
• FIG. 14 is a side perspective view of a subpurlin station and a diaphragm station for the roof panel structure assembly mechanism of FIG. 1;[0031]
• FIG. 15 is a side perspective view showing a portion of the subpurlin station of FIG. 14;[0032]
• FIG. 16 is a rear view of the subpurlin station FIG. 15;[0033]
• FIG. 17 is a rear view of the subpurlin station FIG. 15, similar to FIG. 16, with subpurlin feeders being closed against subpurlins in the subpurlin feeders;[0034]
• FIG. 18 is a side perspective detail view of a release mechanism for the subpurlin feeders of FIG. 17;[0035]
• FIG. 19 is a bottom view of the subpurlin feeders of FIG. 17;[0036]
• FIG. 20 is a bottom view of the subpurlin feeders of FIG. 17, similar to FIG. 19, with arms of the subpurlin feeders open so that bottom subpurlins may be released;[0037]
• FIG. 21 is a rear view, similar to FIG. 17, showing the bottom subpurlins dropped from the subpurlin feeder and into subpurlin clamping mechanisms;[0038]
• FIG. 22 is a side perspective detail view of the bottom subpurlins being dropped as in FIG. 21;[0039]
• FIG. 23 is a side perspective view of a subpurlin carriage for the subpurlin clamping mechanisms of FIG. 21;[0040]
• FIG. 24 is a top view of the subpurlin clamping mechanisms of FIG. 23;[0041]
• FIG. 25 is a side perspective detail view of a pinching mechanism for use in the subpurlin clamping mechanisms of FIG. 23;[0042]
• FIG. 26 is a side perspective view of a pinching mechanism for use in the subpurlin clamping mechanisms of FIG. 23, similar to FIG. 25, showing the pinching mechanisms closed;[0043]
• FIG. 27 is a side view of a push bar system for use on the leading end of the subpurlin carriage of FIG. 23;[0044]
• FIG. 28 is a side view, similar to FIG. 27, showing the push bar engaging a purlin;[0045]
• FIG. 29 is a side perspective view of a front end of the subpurlin carriage;[0046]
• FIG. 30 is a diagrammatic view of a drive system for the subpurlin carriage;[0047]
• FIG. 31 is a diagrammatic side view showing the subpurlin carriage positioned below the subpurlin feeders;[0048]
• FIG. 32 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 31, showing the subpurlin carriage advancing into an assembly station;[0049]
• FIG. 33 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 32, showing the subpurlin carriage further advanced into the assembly station;[0050]
• FIG. 34 is a side detail view showing the subpurlin carriage as it approaches a purlin in the assembly station, with a front end of the subpurlins lifted;[0051]
• FIG. 35 is a side detail view, similar to FIG. 34, showing the subpurlins being lowered against a purlin in the assembly station;[0052]
• FIG. 36 is a top view of the subpurlin carriage in the position shown in FIG. 35;[0053]
• FIG. 37 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 32, showing the subpurlin carriage in the position in FIG. 35;[0054]
• FIG. 38 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 37, showing the subpurlin carriage fully retracted back to underneath the subpurlin feeders;[0055]
• FIG. 39 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 38, showing a beginning stage of movement of a diaphragm lift;[0056]
• FIG. 40 is a top view of a diaphragm carriage in accordance with one aspect of the present invention;[0057]
• FIG. 41 is a diagrammatic side view of the diaphragm carriage of FIG. 40;[0058]
• FIG. 42 is a top view of the diaphragm carriage of FIG. 40, similar to FIG. 40, but with a nailing carriage and a lifting carriage being raised;[0059]
• FIG. 43 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 41, with the nailing carriage and the lifting carriage being raised as is FIG. 42;[0060]
• FIG. 44 is a diagrammatic side view showing a beginning stage of lifting of a diaphragm by the lifting carriage of the diaphragm carriage;[0061]
• FIG. 45 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 44, showing the diaphragm removed from the diaphragm stack;[0062]
• FIG. 46 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 45, with the diaphragm carriage beginning movement toward the assembly station;[0063]
• FIGS.[0064]47-50 are diagrammatic views showing a sensor arrangement that may be used to determine the location and orientation of a diaphragm held by the diaphragm feeder, and a diaphragm being oriented relative to the sensors to determine its location and orientation;
• FIG. 51 is a diagrammatic side view showing a diaphragm held by the lifting carriage over the assembly station;[0065]
• FIG. 52 is a diagrammatic side view, similar to FIG. 51, with the diaphragm lowered against subpurlins and a purlin;[0066]
• FIGS.[0067]53-58 are diagrammatic side views showing a nailing process for a nailing carriage of the diaphragm carriage in accordance with one aspect of the present invention;
• FIG. 59 is an end view of the nailing carriage of FIGS.[0068]53-58;
• FIG. 60 is a diagrammatic view of automatic nailers for the nailing carriage of FIG. 59, shown relative to a portion of the lifting carriage;[0069]
• FIG. 61 is a diagrammatic view of nailing stations for the automatic nailers of FIG. 60;[0070]
• FIG. 62 is a flow diagram generally representing exemplary steps for automatically producing a roof panel structure in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;[0071]
• FIG. 63 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for inserting a purlin into the assembly station in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;[0072]
• FIG. 64 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for indexing a purlin through the assembly station as subpurlins and diaphragms are added to the purlin in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;[0073]
• FIG. 65 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for loading a subpurlin into the subpurlin clamping mechanisms in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;[0074]
• FIG. 66 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for advancing a subpurlin via the subpurlin clamping mechanisms into the assembly station in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;[0075]
• FIG. 67 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for advancing a diaphragm into the assembly station in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;[0076]
• FIGS.[0077]68-73 are diagrammatic representations of a nailing sequence that may be performed by roof panel structure assembly mechanism in accordance with one aspect of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• In the following description, various aspects of the present invention will be described. For purposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore, well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order to not obscure the present invention.[0078]
• Roof Panel Structures[0079]
• Generally described, the present invention is directed to a mechanism, generally designated as[0080]100 in FIG. 1, for assembling roof panel structures, an example of which is generally designated as “A” in FIG. 2. Although the roof panel structure A is shown as one example, variations of that structure are possible, and a person of skill in the art may utilize the features of the present invention in the construction of roof panel structures having various configurations.
• As is known in the art, a roof panel structure A typically includes a major horizontal beam, often called a purlin P. The purlin P may be a steel girder, a glulam structure, a wooden beam, or the like, but typically includes wood or another material along a top edge that permits easy attachment of other components of the roof panel structure (e.g., by nailing).[0081]
• Minor beams, called “subpurlins” (S in FIG. 2) extend orthogonally to the purlin P, and are often attached to the purlin P by right angle brackets B that extend from an end of the subpurlin. The subpurlins S may be made of any of the materials described with above with respect to purlins P, but are typically lumber stiffeners, such as 2-by-6's or 2-by-4's, 3-by-4's, 3-by-6's, and so forth, six to ten feet in length.[0082]
• Diaphragms D, such as wood structural panels (e.g., 4×8, 4×10, 8×8, or 8×10 structural wood panels) are mounted over the subpurlins S and the purlin P, and are typically nailed to the subpurlins and the purlin for structural and shear support. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the diaphragms D extend beyond both ends of the subpurlins S, and a front end of the diaphragms overlaps approximately one half of the thickness of the purlin P. The back ends of the diaphragms on an adjacent roof panel structure A overlap the other half of the thickness of the purlin P. Subpurlins S are located such that the edges of the diaphragm D overlap one half of the subpurlins that extend along the side edges of the diaphragm, and other, intermediate subpurlins (two shown in FIG. 2, but this number may be varied) are spaced between the two subpurlins on the side edges. Adjacent diaphragms D overlap the other half of the subpurlins S at the side edges.[0083]
• The number of diaphragms D and subpurlins S used in a roof panel structure A depends upon the spacing of the subpurlins, the width of the diaphragms, and the length of the roof panel structure. Typically, the diaphragms are 4 or 8 feet in width (although they may be less or more wide), and the subpurlins are typically spaced 24 inches on center (i.e., two edge subpurlins S and one intermediate for a 4 foot wide diaphragm, and two edge subpurlins and three intermediate subpurlins for a 8 foot wide diaphragm, and so forth). Completed roof panel structures A may be 25 to 80 feet in length, or even longer. When installed, these roof panel structures A extend orthogonally to main supporting beams (not shown, but known in the art) and are attached to the main supporting beams and adjacent roof panel structures by nailing or another appropriate attachment method.[0084]
• General Overview[0085]
• FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a roof panel[0086]structure assembly mechanism100 in accordance with the present invention. Parts have been removed for detail. In summary, the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100 includes apurlin feeder102,subpurlin feeders104,subpurlin clamping mechanisms106, and adiaphragm feeder108. The structure and operation of an embodiment for each of these different components is described further below. However, in general, thepurlin feeder102 advances a purlin P into an assembly station, generally shown at110 in FIG. 1. Thesubpurlin feeders104 insert a subpurlin S into each of thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106, and the subpurlin clamping mechanisms advance into theassembly station110 and hold the subpurlins against the section of the purlin P that is already in the assembly station. Thediaphragm feeder108 places a diaphragm D onto the subpurlins S and the purlin P at theassembly station110.
• The components shown in FIG. 1 are arranged relative to one another in one possible configuration. However, as will be understood from the following description, the components may be arranged differently. As nonlimiting examples, one or more of the[0087]purlin feeder102, thediaphragm feeder108, thesubpurlin feeders104, and thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 may be located above another of these components, or two components may be located on the same side of the assembly station (e.g., side by side), or one or more of the components or parts of the components may be located above or below the assembly station. In addition, the functions of two or more of thepurlin feeder102, thediaphragm feeder108, or thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 may be combined in a single station, or one or more of their functions may be provided at theassembly station110. In addition, the features and operation of any of the components may be distributed over multiple components or devices. As an example, one or more subpurlins and one or more diaphragms may be advanced to a first assembly station where they are attached, e.g., by nailing. The assembled structure may then be advanced to a second station where it is attached to a purlin (which may be advanced into the second station as well). As another alternative, the purlin may be advanced into the first assembly station, where it may be attached to the assembled diaphragm and subpurlin structure. Multiple variations are available.
• Thus, multiple different arrangements are available for the[0088]purlin feeder102, thediaphragm feeder108, thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106, and theassembly station110. In addition, the functions of these components may be combined, or may be distributed over multiple stations. For ease of understanding, however, the invention will be described with reference to the arrangement shown. However, a person of skill in the art could modify the arrangement according to space constraints or particular needs.
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, after the purlin P, the subpurlins S, and the diaphragm D are brought together in the[0089]assembly station110, the components are attached, for example by one or more automatic nailers (e.g., nailing guns). The purlin P is then advanced so that additional subpurlins S and a diaphragm D may be attached. This process proceeds until the end of the purlin P is reached.
• The automatic nailers in the described embodiment are provided on a nailing carriage that moves with the diaphragm feeder. However, the automatic nailers may alternatively be provided on a separate carriage, and may be positioned where convenient. In addition, although the described embodiment discloses a nailing operation that occurs after the purlin P, subpurlins S, and diaphragm D have been assembled, a nailing operation may be used where subassemblies are assembled and attached (e.g., subpurlins and one or more diaphragms), and the subassemblies are then advanced to be joined with the remaining portions of the roof panel structure A (e.g., the purlin). Thus, automatic nailers may be distributed over multiple locations. Moreover, as used herein, “carriage” is meant to denote a movable part of the roof panel[0090]structure assembly mechanism100 that may be used to deliver the respective object or part, such as the automatic nailers for the nailing carriage.
• The forward end of the purlin P that has subpurlins S and diaphragm(s) D attached thereto advances into an[0091]exit station112. Theexit station112 includes supports for the assembled roof panel structure A, as described further below. The purlin P continues to index into theexit station112 until the assembled roof panel structure A exits theassembly station110. The assembled roof panel structure A is then ready for removal from the exit station, and installation in a roof.
• The components shown in FIG. 1 may be made portable, and thus may be transported to a work site for assembly of roof panel structures A on the site. As an example, a[0092]frame120 for housing thesubpurlin feeders104 and thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 may be formed integral with aframe122 for thediaphragm feeder108. This integral unit may be sized so that it may be transported on a single trailer. In addition, aframe124 for thepurlin feeder102 and aframe126 for theexit station112 may be integrally formed and sized so that the integral unit fits on a trailer. However, for the embodiment shown in the drawings, these twoframes124,126 are separate, but individually may be transported together on a trailer or may be transported on separate trailers. Theframes124,126 may include attachment structures so that they may be fixed to theframes120,122 once the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100 has been placed at a site. The attachment of theframes120,122,124,126 assures that proper alignment of the various stations is maintained.
• Although not shown so that details of the components of the roof panel[0093]structure assembly mechanism100 are visible, thesubpurlin frame120 and thediaphragm frame122 may include paneling on their outer surfaces. The paneling provides safety and security for the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100. Other paneling or appropriate covering may be incorporated in the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100.
• The[0094]frames120,122,124, and126 and the other components of the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100 may be made steel. Other materials may be used, such as aluminum or other metals, wood for some components, and/or plastics or composites. However, the applicant has found that steel is a relatively inexpensive material that provides strength, wear resistance, and manufacturability.
• The operation of the roof panel[0095]structure assembly mechanism100 may be controlled by a computer128 (shown generally by a large box in FIG. 1, but its size and location may be altered as appropriate). Thecomputer128 may be any device or devices that can execute computer-executable instructions, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Given the description herein, thecomputer128 may be programmed by a programmer of ordinary skill to perform the functions and operations described herein. Although the invention is described with reference to asingle computer128, the features of thecomputer128 may be distributed over a number of computers, microcomputers, controls, or other devices.
• Unless described otherwise herein, the operation of the roof panel[0096]structure assembly mechanism100 is fully automated, and the functions of the roof panel structure assembly mechanism are driven synchronously by thecomputer128 with relatively little operator intervention. However, if desired, one or more of the functions of the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100 may be performed manually instead of automatically, but without the full benefits of the described embodiment.
• The Purlin Feeder[0097]
• The station for the[0098]purlin feeder102 is shown in detail in FIG. 3. One ormore hoists130 may be provided for lifting a purlin P (shown for simplification in phantom in FIG. 3, but the structure of which is known in the art) onto a series of liftingmechanisms132. The hoist130 or hoists may be, for example, a single boom hoist, having ahook134 and being capable of rotation, as shown by thearrows136. As shown phantom in FIG. 3, more than one hoist may be incorporated into thepurlin feeder station102. Purlins P may be stacked on theframe124, and thus are easily accessible by the hoist130 or by an operator. The hoist130 is used to aid a worker in placing a purlin on the liftingmechanisms132, but is not necessary for operation of the present invention.
• The details of one of the lifting[0099]mechanisms132 are shown in FIG. 4. Thelifting mechanism132 is mounted on theframe124, and includes avertical column140. Thevertical column140 has a cross section of a “U,” with sides of the U being formed by connected, parallel I-beams.
• A[0100]carriage142 is mounted for sliding movement up and down the face of thevertical column140. Thecarriage142 includes wheels144 (only one of which is shown in FIG. 4) that allow the carriage to smoothly glide up and down thevertical column140. Abolt146 or other fastener extends out of the back of afront plate148 for thecarriage142, and is connected to an endless belt orchain150. Thechain150 loops around anidler sprocket152 at the top of thevertical column140, and adrive sprocket154 at the bottom of thevertical column140. Thedrive sprocket154 is arranged to engage teeth (not shown) on ahorizontal shaft156.
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the structure thus described for the[0101]lifting mechanism132 is included on each of the lifting mechanisms. In addition, theshaft156 is common to all the lifting mechanisms for thepurlin feeder102, i.e., connects to thedrive sprocket154 for each of the lifting mechanisms.
• A[0102]plate160 extends horizontally outward from the bottom of thecarriage142. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, for some of the lifting mechanisms (e.g., the right three in FIG. 3), the plate includes aroller162 or rollers along a top edge. For others (e.g., the left three in FIG. 3), theplate160 includes a pair of side rollers164 (best shown in FIG. 4). Theside rollers164 are arranged to engage and receiveside edges166 of aroller bar168. Theroller bar168 includes a series ofrollers170 along its top surface.
• The[0103]side rollers164 permit theroller bar168 to extend beyond theframe124 of thepurlin feeder102 and into theassembly station110. That is, theroller bar168 may extend from the position shown in FIG. 3, where it is captured by theside rollers164 on three liftingmechanisms132, to the extended position shown in phantom in FIG. 5. In this extended position, theroller bar168 is supported by the leftmost two liftingmechanisms132, and the forward portion of theroller bar168 extends well into theassembly station110. A stop may be provided to prevent theroller bar168 from extending too far forward. By extending into theassembly station110, theroller bar168 continues to provide support for a purlin P after the purlin has left thepurlin feeder102.
• In operation, a purlin P is lifted by the hoist[0104]130 (if available), and is swung over to the liftingmechanisms132. A purlin P is shown at the beginning stage of lifting in FIG. 5. If not already extended into theassembly station110, theroller bar168 may be thus extended prior to lifting the purlin P. Alternatively, theroller bar168 may be extended with a purlin P.
• The purlin P, once installed on the lifting mechanisms[0105]132 (FIG. 6), rests on therollers162 and the rollers170 (e.g., the purlin P is shown on therollers170 in FIG. 6). To this end, therollers162 and therollers170 are arranged so that their top edges are aligned. The purlin P may lean against thevertical columns140 for stability. If desired, other rollers (not shown) may be provided on thevertical column140 to aid in advancing a purlin P.
• After the purlin P is placed on the lifting[0106]mechanisms132, the liftingmechanisms132 may then raise or lower the purlin P so as to align the top of the purlin with a reference point. This feature is important for the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, because the purlin P should be at a particular level for the subpurlins to properly align with the top of the purlin in the assembly station. In alternate embodiments, the height of the subpurlins S may be altered to align with the purlin P, for example, or the subpurlins and purlin may be aligned in other manners.
• To adjust the height of the purlin P, the[0107]shaft156 is rotated, as shown by thearrows172 in FIG. 7. Rotation of theshaft156 causes thedrive sprockets154 to rotate, forcing the front loop of thechains150 upward. This movement drives thecarriage142 upward, lifting the purlin along with it.
• Because each of the lifting[0108]mechanisms132 is driven by thesame shaft156, theplates160 move upward at the same rate. This feature permits the purlin P to remain horizontal and fully supported during lifting. Theshaft156 may be driven by a servo motor, shown generally as abox174 in FIG. 1.
• The proper height may be determined by a user (e.g., by visual inspection against a reference), or may be sensed. If a sensor or sensors are used, then the sensors may shut power to the[0109]servo motor174 once the purlin P has reached the appropriate height.
• After the purlin P is raised or lowered to the proper height, the purlin P is ready for advancing into the[0110]assembly station110. As such, the purlin P may be advanced (e.g., manually) on therollers162 and170 into the assembly station, as is shown in FIG. 5. As stated above, additional rollers (not shown) may be provided on thevertical columns140 to aid in smooth movement of the purlin P into theassembly station110. Theroller bar168, because it extends into theassembly station110, continues to support the purlin P as it is advanced. When the purlin P reaches theassembly station110, it is captured between a toothed driven roller180 (FIG. 5) and abiased idler roller182. Theidler roller182 is pressed toward the toothed drivenroller180, as shown by thearrow183, for example by a cylinder or spring (not shown).
• Further within the[0111]assembly station110, just forward of the toothed drivenroller180, is abelt184. Thebelt184 is wrapped over a number ofrollers186, one of which is shown in FIG. 5. The rotation of the outer surface of thebelt184 is synchronized with the rotation of outer surface of the toothed drivenroller180. For example, the toothed drivenroller180 and therollers186 andbelt184 may have the same radius, and therefore would rotate at the same speed.
• Once the purlin P is captured between the toothed driven[0112]roller180 and theidler roller182, rotation of the toothed driven roller pulls the purlin into theassembly station110. The toothed surface of the toothed drivenroller180 helps to grip the purlin P, and the bias of theidler roller182 assures constant engagement of the purlin P with the toothed driven roller.
• Either of the toothed driven[0113]roller180 and theidler roller182 may include a sensor and/or a counter (not shown) for determining the start of a purlin P, and for measuring the amount the purlin has been advanced into theassembly station110. This feature may be provided, for example, by the toothed drivenroller180 being driven by an absolute feedback servo motor (not shown). As is known, such motors provide feedback of their functions, even if power has been cut during operation. This feature helps to automatically feed the purlin P the correct amount into the assembly station, and to maintain information regarding information about the position of the purlin as it advances into and through theassembly station110. In addition, the amount that theidler roller182 is biased inward may be sensed to determine or confirm the thickness of the top of the purlin P.
• As the purlin P continues to advance into the assembly station, it engages the[0114]belt184, which helps maintain alignment of the purlin, and further helps to pull the purlin forward. Theidler roller182 maintains the contact of the purlin with the front of thevertical columns140 of the lifting mechanisms, thetoothed driver roller180, and thebelt184. In this manner, the purlin maintains proper alignment as it enters and passes through theassembly station110.
• The lifting[0115]mechanisms132 shown in the drawings are but one way to provide lifting and feeding of the purlin P. For example, a single column may be used, having a roller bar stabilized thereon. A platform may be provided, the height of which may be adjusted, and along which the purlin P may be fed. The purlin P may be captured between opposing rollers (up and down or side-to-side), or suspended from overhead. Many alternatives are available. However, the described embodiment is relatively inexpensive to fabricate, and provides exemplary stability and lifting ease.
• The Exit Station[0116]
• The[0117]exit station112 is shown in detail in FIGS. 8 and 9. As the assembled panel A leaves theassembly station110, it enters theexit station112. Theexit station112 includes a number of liftingmechanisms190 that are similar to the liftingmechanisms132 in thepurlin feeder102. The liftingmechanisms190 includepassive rollers192 at their top edges, with an axis of rotation for each of the rollers being aligned vertically.
• The lifters for the[0118]lifting mechanism190 are similar in construction to theplates160 andcarriages142 for the liftingmechanisms132. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the left-most five liftingmechanisms190 include rollers similar to the right-most three liftingmechanisms132. However, the tworight-most lifting mechanisms190 of theexit station112 include aconveyor196 extending between the twoplates160 for the liftingmechanisms190. When the assembled roof panel structures A leave theassembly station110, the bottom edge of the purlin P aligns with and then rides along the top of theconveyor196. Theconveyor196 may be driven by an absolute feedback servo motor (not shown), and preferably is synchronized with thebelt184 and the toothed drivenroller180.
• The shaft or other mechanism that is used to raise the lifting[0119]mechanisms190 may be similar to, or the same as, theshaft156 used to raise the liftingmechanisms132 for thepurlin feeder102. If separate mechanisms (e.g., separate shafts) are used to lift the two liftingmechanisms132,190, then the lifting of these two lifting mechanisms is preferably synchronized so that the heights of the two mechanisms may be the same, so that the purlin P may smoothly transition from thepurlin feeder102, through theassembly station110, and into theexit station112. As the purlin P enters and continues through theexit station112, the top end of the purlin aligns against therollers192 on the top of thelifting mechanism190.
• A[0120]support200 is provided on the opposite side of theexit station112 from the liftingmechanisms190. Thesupport200 is arranged and configured to receive a bottom edge of the subpurlins S as the assembled roof panel structure A advances through theexit station112.
• The[0121]support200 includes anendless chain202 running along its length. The subpurlins rest against thisendless chain202. The rotation of theendless chain202 is preferably synchronized with the movement of theconveyor196, for example by an absolute feedback servo motor (not shown). Thus, the subpurlin end of the roof panel structure A is driven through theexit station112 at the same rate that the purlin P is driven through the exit station. The outer end of thesupport200 is canted slightly inward toward the liftingmechanisms190 relative to the inner end, so that the subpurlin end of the assembled roof panel structures A crowd or lead toward the liftingmechanisms190. This feature maintains the assembled roof panel structure A against therollers192, and helps to maintain the alignment of the assembled roof panel structure through theexit station112.
• The Forklift Tines[0122]
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a novel set of forklift tines[0123]210 (FIG. 10) is provided for removing the assembled roof panel structure A from theexit station112. Theforklift tines210 include anelongate bar212 extending orthogonally to the forklift F. A series of T-bars214 extend orthogonally from theelongate bar212. The T-bars214 are attached at their base to theelongate bar212 such that the top of the T-bars214 is spaced from the elongate bar. The T-bars214 are spaced from each other the same as the liftingmechanisms190, and the length of the top of the T-bars214 is less than the spacing between the liftingmechanisms190.
• The[0124]forklift tines210 are rotatably mounted to the forklift, for example, about anaxle216. This rotational mounting permits thetines210 to be rotated upward relative to the arms of the forklift F. Vertical bars218 extend upward from theaxles216.
• The use of the[0125]forklift tines210 is shown in FIGS.10-13. After an assembled roof panel structure A is complete, a forklift F having theforklift tines210 mounted thereon is driven toward theexit station112, and the T-bars214 are aligned between the liftingmechanisms190 and under the assembled roof panel structure A. The T-bars214 are inserted until theelongate bar212 is adjacent the liftingmechanisms190. Thetines210 are then rotated about theaxle216, and the arms of the forklift F are raised such as to remove the assembled roof panel structure from theexit station112. The assembled roof panel structure A may then be rotated about theaxle216 and lifted by the arms of the forklift F as appropriate so as to place the roof panel structure in position for installation. The roof panel structure A may at this point be resting against thevertical bars218.
• The Subpurlin Feeders[0126]
• FIG. 14 shows the[0127]subpurlin frame120 and thediaphragm frame122, with thepurlin frame124 and theexit station112 removed for detail. FIG. 15 shows a detail view of a rear portion of thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 and thesubpurlin feeders104. In summary, as described above, thesubpurlin feeders104 are configured and arranged to deposit subpurlins S into thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106. Thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 then advance into theassembly station110, with the subpurlins S therein, so that the subpurlins may be aligned with and attached to the purlin P and the diaphragms D. To this end, thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 are mounted on asubpurlin carriage220, shown in FIG. 15. The operation and structure of thesubpurlin carriage220 and thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 are further described below.
• The[0128]subpurlin feeder104 may be any structure that is arranged and configured to deposit subpurlins S into thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106. In one example shown in the drawings, eachsubpurlin feeder104 is a magazine that is designed to hold a plurality of subpurlins S, and to drop one subpurlin into an emptysubpurlin clamping mechanism106.
• A rear view of the[0129]subpurlin feeders104 is shown in FIG. 16. Each of thesubpurlin feeders104 includes avertical wall224 that is fixed in position. An adjustable vertical wall orbracket226 extends parallel to the fixedvertical wall224. Each of thesewalls224,226 may extend along the length of thesubpurlin frame120 or any portion thereof, but the walls are preferably arranged to maintain subpurlins S therebetween, arranged in the direction of theassembly station110.
• The adjustable[0130]vertical wall226 is rotatably attached to a fixedframe228 by a pair oflever arms230,232. As can be seen in FIG. 17, one of thelever arms232 includes acylinder234 eccentrically mounted thereon. The opposite end of thecylinder234 is attached to theframe228. Extending thecylinder234 causes the twolever arms232,230 to rotate, pushing theadjustable wall226 outward relative to theframe228 and toward the fixedvertical wall224.
• The adjustable[0131]vertical wall226 and its movement permit the spacing between the adjustablevertical wall226 and the fixedvertical wall224 to be adjusted to various different thicknesses of subpurlins S. As such, the twowalls226,224 may be appropriately spaced so that subpurlins can be stacked edge to edge within and between the two walls, without permitting the subpurlins S to rotate or bind between the two walls.
• The[0132]subpurlin feeders104 may be sized to hold an appropriate amount of subpurlins S, given space constraints and the desire of the manufacturer. The subpurlins S may be manually fed into thesubpurlin feeders104, or some type of automated input of the subpurlins S may be provided. Thesubpurlin feeder104 may include sensors (not shown) for determining that the subpurlins need to be replenished in the subpurlin feeder. These sensors may be provided, for example, by eye sensors, contact sensors, or weight sensors.
• The spacing between the[0133]walls224,226 may be set according to the subpurlins S that are located in thesubpurlin feeders104. The spacing between the twowalls226,224 may be set, for example, by thecomputer128 in response to operator input, may be manually set by an operator, or may be automatically set based upon a sensing of the width of the subpurlins S. In general, however, the spacing is slightly more than the width of the subpurlins S, e.g., two inches for 2×6's, and so forth.
• A[0134]plunger240 is mounted on theframe228 so that it aligns with the second from the bottom, or penultimate subpurlin S. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, there are two of theseplungers240 per subpurlin feeder104 (FIG. 19).
• In addition, a swivel-mounted[0135]support arm242 is attached for rotation adjacent to the bottom of the fixedvertical wall224. As can be seen in FIG. 18, thesupport arm242 is fixed to rotate with arod244 that extends through abracket246 on the fixedvertical wall224. Apivot arm248 is attached for rotation with therod244 and extends outwardly from the top of the rod. Thepivot arm248 is attached to alever arm250. Thelever arm250 attaches to asimilar pivot arm248 on another end of thepurlin feeder104, as can be seen in FIG. 19.
• A plunger[0136]252 (FIG. 19) is attached to an end of thelever arm250. Operation of theplunger252 causes thelever arm250 to retract which, in turn, causes thepivot arm248 to rotate, rotating thesupport arm242. Rotation of the arms is shown in FIG. 20. As thesupport arms242 rotate, they move out of the way of the bottom subpurlin S, permitting the bottom subpurlin to fall into thesubpurlin clamping mechanism106. A subpurlin S that has dropped into theclamping mechanism106 is shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. The subpurlins S may alternatively be dropped or placed in thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 in different ways.
• Before the[0137]lever arm250 is used to rotate thesupport arms242, theplungers240 are extended to hold the penultimate subpurlin S in place. Theplungers240 continue to hold the penultimate subpurlin S during rotation of thesupport arms242. In this manner, the penultimate subpurlin S and all subpurlins above the penultimate subpurlin are supported as the bottom subpurlin drops. After the lower subpurlin S has been dropped, theplunger252 extends, causing thesupport arms242 to align back under the stack of subpurlins S. Theplungers240 then retract, allowing the penultimate subpurlin and the subpurlins S above the penultimate subpurlins to drop into place. Thepurlin feeder104 is then ready for dropping of the next subpurlin S.
• The Subpurlin Clamping Mechanisms[0138]
• As stated above, the[0139]subpurlin clamping mechanisms106 are mounted on asubpurlin carriage220. Thecarriage220 includes acarriage frame256 having wheels258 (FIG. 23). In operation, subpurlins S are provided to thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 by thesubpurlin feeders104, and thesubpurlin carriage220 moves the subpurlin clamping mechanisms from the subpurlin feeders to theassembly station110. During this movement, thesubpurlin carriage wheels258 roll along rails259. The movements of thesubpurlin carriage220 and its components may be operated by absolute feedback motors, such as absolute feedback servo motors. As such, the location of the components of the subpurlin carriage and the speeds of the operation may be easily altered by thecomputer128 or by a programmer or operator via thecomputer128, or may, for example, be moved precisely to a location based upon input from sensors or the computer.
• Details of the[0140]subpurlin clamping mechanisms106 can be seen in FIGS. 23 and 24. Thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 includeslots260 for receiving the subpurlins S. Theslots260 includeleft rails262 andright rails264. Theserails262,264 are mounted on aclamping mechanism frame266. Theclamping mechanism frame266 is pivotally mounted to thecarriage frame256, for example via apivot rod268. Thepivot rod268 is shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, and the function of theclamping mechanism frame266 pivoting relative to thecarriage frame256 is described below.
• Mounted along the length of the[0141]subpurlin clamping mechanisms106 are a number of clamping, or pinchingmechanisms270. In the embodiment shown, the number of pinchingmechanisms270 persubpurlin clamping mechanism106 is three, but this number may be varied. The pinchingmechanisms270 are configured to center the subpurlins S in thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106, and to hold the subpurlins in position once centered. In addition, as further described below, the pinchingmechanisms270 include sensors that detect the thickness of the subpurlins in thesubpurlins clamping mechanisms106.
• Details of one of the pinching[0142]mechanisms270 are shown in FIGS. 25 and 26. The pinchingmechanisms270 include two different sides that are mirror images of one another. For simplicity, only one side is described.
• The pinching[0143]mechanisms270 include abracket272 mounted on the outside of theslots260. Arod274 is rotatably mounted in thebracket272. Atoothed gear276 is mounted for rotation with therod274 at a bottom end of the rod. An eccentricallymounted arm278 is mounted on the top end of the rod, also for rotation with therod274. A half-circular contact280 is mounted on the end of the eccentricallymounted arm278.
• A[0144]counter-type sensor282 is mounted on the outside of thetoothed gear276, and is arranged and configured to index a unit as each tooth of thegear276 passes through the sensor. Thesensor282 is located on only one side of thepinching mechanism270. Abar284 having teeth along its outer edges engages thetoothed gear276 on each side of thepinching mechanism270.
• In operation, the[0145]bar284 is extended (e.g., by a cylinder, not shown) after a subpurlin S has dropped into theslot260. This extension causes the toothed gears276 to rotate, forcing the half-circular contacts280 inward. Thecontacts280 engage and maintain the subpurlin S in the center of theslot260. In addition, the counter/sensor282 provides real-time information to thecomputer128 regarding the amount that thegears276 on at least one side of thepinching mechanism270 have rotated, and therefore the width of the subpurlin S may be confirmed or detected.
• The[0146]subpurlin clamping mechanisms106 each include acylinder286 at the trailing end. Thecylinders286 include arod288 having a T-bar290 mounted at a distal end. The outer edges of the T-bar290 engage left andright tracks292,294. A sensor/counter296 is mounted along one side of therod288.
• During operation, after a subpurlin S has been inserted into the[0147]slot260, and the pinchingmechanisms270 have closed around the subpurlin, thecarriage220 moves into theassembly station110. At the end of this movement, thecylinders286 drive the subpurlin S against the purlin P, as further described below. The T-bar290 engages thetracks292,294, preventing therod288 from rotating, thus providing an accurate reading for thesensor296, and preventing the subpurlins from being twisted out of thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106.
• At the front end of the[0148]subpurlin carriage220 is mounted a pair of push bars300. Each of the push bars300 includes aroller302 mounted at its top, with a vertical axis of rotation. Abolt304 extends through the bottom of the push bar and attaches the push bar to theclamping mechanism frame266 or thecarriage frame256. Aspring306 is mounted on the bolt and biases the bolt and thepush bar300 into an upright position. Astop308 and a pair ofsecond bolts310 operate to maintain the position of thepush bar300 in the upright position, along with thespring306 and thebolt304.
• During operation, as the[0149]subpurlin carriage220 is extended forward, theroller302 engages the purlin P, and thepush bar300 rotates backward around thesecond bolts310 and against the bias of thespring306. As such, thepush bar300 helps to assure that the purlin P is pressed appropriately against thebelt184. Because the width of the purlin P is known, thesubpurlin carriage220 may be stopped at the appropriate location by the use of the absolute feedback servo motor that drives the subpurlin carriage. As an example, thesubpurlin carriage220 may stop at a location where thepush bar300 is bent backward approximately ¼ inch.
• The[0150]subpurlin carriage220 includes anassembly support312, shown in FIGS. 27, 28 and29. Theassembly support312 includesrollers314 along its top edge, and is mounted on a pair of extension bars316. The extension bars316 are mounted between twopinch rollers318 so that the extension bars316 may extend outward and forward relative to thesubpurlin carriage220. The extension bars316 include teeth along a lower surface for engaging agear320, shown schematically in FIG. 30.
• As shown in FIG. 30, the[0151]gear320 is attached, via a clutch322, to thedrive train324 for thesubpurlin carriage220. Thedrive train324 is connected to amotor321, which drives gears328 for extending thesubpurlin carriage220. Thegears328 may, for example, engage a gear rack (not shown) on theframe120. Thedrive train324 is linked to anintermediate axle323 via adrive chain325. The clutch322 is arranged between thedrive chain325 and a second chain326, which is connected to the axle327 for thegears320.
• The gear ratio for the[0152]gear320 is preferably the same as the ratio for the drive for thesubpurlin carriage220. However, thegear320 is arranged to drive theassembly support312 in the opposite direction of thesubpurlin carriage220, and the clutch322 is operative to engage upon retraction of thesubpurlin carriage220. Thus, when the clutch322 is engaged, theassembly support312 moves outward relative to thesubpurlin carriage220 at a rate that is substantially equal to the rate in which the subpurlin carriage is moving rearwardly. Thus, during this movement, theassembly support312 appears to be stationary as thesubpurlin carriage220 is moving rearward. When theassembly support312 moves outward, it is positioned to support the subpurlin and diaphragm end of the assembled roof panel structure A, after the subpurlins S and diaphragm D have been attached, so that the assembled roof panel structure A may move into theexit station112 by rolling on therollers314. The clutch322 may also include a brake so that the assembly support may be stopped after extension.
• The operation of the[0153]subpurlin clamping mechanisms106, after subpurlins S have been installed in thesubpurlins clamping mechanisms106, is shown in FIGS.31-38. Beginning at FIG. 31, thesubpurlin feeders104 drop subpurlins S into thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106. Then, at FIG. 32, thesubpurlin carriage220 moves forward with thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106, and toward theassembly station110.
• When the[0154]subpurlin carriage220 enters the assembly station, a purlin P is already in place. If the brackets B are used for the subpurlin S, there is a possibility that the edge of the bracket may hit the subpurlin S. For this reason, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a lift is provided on the front edge of theclamping mechanism frame266 for raising the front edge of the subpurlins S before they reach the purlin P. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the lift is provided as an air bag orair bags330. Theair bags330 may alternatively be air cylinders, mechanical lifts, or any other suitable device for lifting the front end of the subpurlins S. Theair bags330 fire as the subpurlin S approaches the purlin P, thereby lifting the bracket B to clear the top edge of the purlin. The beginning of this movement is shown in FIG. 33, and is shown in close detail in FIG. 34. In FIG. 33, the purlin P has been removed to show detail, but in FIG. 34 it is shown, demonstrating how lifting the front end of the subpurlins S causes the bracket B to clear over the top edge of the purlin P.
• While the front end of the subpurlin S is lifted, the[0155]subpurlin carriage220 continues to move toward the purlin P. In an exemplary embodiment, theair bags330 fire during the movement of thesubpurlin carriage220, and thus its movement does not slow until slowed by slowing of themotor321 that drives the subpurlin carriage220 (i.e., when the subpurlin approaches the purlin). As the subpurlin S is adjacent the purlin P, thepush bar300 engages the purlin P, ensuring that the purlin is pushed against thebelt184.
• After the subpurlin S has abutted against the purlin P, the[0156]cylinder286 presses the subpurlin against the purlin, while thesensors296 confirm or determine the length of the subpurlin. Theair bags330 may then be released, allowing the bracket B to rest against the top of the purlin P, as shown in FIGS. 35 and 36.
• After the subpurlin S is attached to the purlin P (described further below), the[0157]subpurlin carriage220 retracts, as shown in FIG. 37. When it has retracted approximately halfway, theassembly support312 is released, by engaging the clutch322. As thesubpurlin carriage220 continues to retract, theassembly support312 remains in the same location, so that it may support the end of the subpurlins S, as shown in FIG. 38. The subpurlins S are supported on thewheels314, and may roll toward theexit station112 on these wheels as the purlin P is advanced through theassembly station110.
• The Diaphragm Feeder[0158]
• The[0159]diaphragm feeder108 is designed to advance a diaphragm D into theassembly station110. The diaphragms D, in the shown embodiment, are provided on a diaphragm lift340 (FIG. 39). Thediaphragm lift340 includes a stack of the diaphragms D on top of aplatform341. Theplatform341 is mounted on ascissors lift342. The scissors lift342 may include appropriate cylinders or other lifting devices such as is known in the lift art. Through the use of weight or position sensors, thelift340 may maintain a top diaphragm D in the stack at a consistent height, such that as diaphragms are removed, the scissors lift342 indexes upward to maintain the top diaphragm at this consistent level.Wheels344 may be provided on the bottom of thediaphragm lift340 so that the lift may be moved in and out of the diaphragm feeder station for service or to replenish the stack of diaphragms D.
• In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the[0160]diaphragm feeder108 includes adiaphragm carriage346. In the shown embodiment, a liftingcarriage350 and a nailingcarriage352 are configured to travel with thediaphragm carriage346. The liftingcarriage350 is configured to lift a diaphragm D from thediaphragm lift340 and to properly position the diaphragm, and then place the diaphragm in theassembly station110. The nailingcarriage352 is configured to move automatic nailers348 (FIG. 41) into place so that the nailers may nail the diaphragms D to the subpurlins S and the purlin P. The structure and operation of the nailingcarriage352 and the liftingcarriage350 are further described below.
• Turning now to FIG. 40, the lifting[0161]carriage350 is suspended from ahorizontal beam354 by aswivel attachment356. Thehorizontal beam354 is suspended from a pair ofcross beams358 that extend orthogonally to the horizontal beam. These cross beams358, in turn, are suspended from a pair of orthogonally arranged cross beams360.
• The lifting[0162]carriage350 includes a manifold362 (FIG. 41) having a central beam364 (FIG. 40). A number ofsuction cups366 are attached to the manifold362 and are fluid communication with the manifold. The manifold362 is also connected to a vacuum system (not shown).
• Returning now to FIG. 40, a[0163]worm gear368 extends from thecross beam364 on the manifold362 to thecross beam360. Asecond worm gear370 is included between the attachment of thehorizontal beam354 and thecross beam358. Athird worm gear372 is attached between the cross beams358 and the orthogonally arrangedcross beam360.
• The three[0164]worm gears368,370,372 provide rotational, x-, and y-movement of the liftingcarriage350 relative to the nailingcarriage352. The movements of the worm gears368,370,372 may be operated by absolute feedback motors, such as absolute feedback servo motors. As such, the location of the liftingcarriage350 and the speeds of the operation of the worm gears368,370,372 may be easily altered by a programmer or operator via thecomputer128, or may be performed automatically by the computer. In addition, the automatic feedback motors permit the liftingcarriage350 to be accurately located relative to the nailingcarriage352, and for that location to be known to the computer at all times.
• Operation of the[0165]worm gear368 causes thebeam364 of the manifold362 to rotate, causing the liftingcarriage350 to rotate about theswivel attachment356 in the direction of thearrows374. Operation of theworm gear370 causes thehorizontal beam354 to move along the cross beams358, moving the horizontal cross beam in the direction of thearrows376. Operation of theworm gear372 causes the cross beams358, and therefore thehorizontal beam354 and the liftingcarriage350, to move along thelinear bearings378, in the direction of thearrow379. All of these movements may be controlled by thecomputer128, and are smooth because of the use of the worm gears368,370, and372. Other mechanisms may be used for providing the rotational, x- and y-directional movements.
• The Nailing Carriage[0166]
• The nailing[0167]carriage352 includes a number ofautomatic nailers348 suspended therefrom. Theautomatic nailers348 may be, for example, nailing guns or other devices which are capable of pneumatically, mechanically, or otherwise driving fasteners for attaching the diaphragms D to the subpurlins S and the purlin P. As another example, the automatic nailers may be replaced with automatic screw drivers or other appropriate fastener drivers. Alternatively, if metal components are used for the roof panel structure A, theautomatic nailers348 may be welders.
• The nailing[0168]carriage352 may be suspended from the cross beams360. The cross beams360 are mounted onlinear bearings382 that provide lateral movement in the direction up and down in FIG. 40 of both the nailingcarriage352 and the liftingcarriage350. A worm gear or other appropriate mechanism may be provided for movement of the cross beams360 relative to thelinear bearings382.
• The lifting[0169]carriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 may also be moved to the left and right in FIG. 40 by rotation of a gear384 (FIG. 41) that engages therack386. Thegear384 may be driven by an appropriate motor or other mechanism (not shown). To aid in movement of the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352, thediaphragm carriage346 is suspended by wheels388 (FIGS. 40 and 41), which run along a track389 (FIG. 40).
• As described thus far, it is apparent that the lifting[0170]carriage350 may move in x, y, and rotational directions relative to the nailingcarriage352. The nailingcarriage352 is fixed for movement with thecross beam360. The liftingcarriage350, on the other hand, may move relative to thecross beam360 in the left to right direction in FIG. 40, denoted by the arrow349 and movement provided by theworm gear372, in the up and down directions in that drawing, denoted by thearrow376 and provided by theworm gear370, and in the rotational direction by swiveling about theswivel connection356, denoted by thearrow374 and provided by theworm gear368.
• In addition to the above three degrees of movement, the nailing[0171]carriage352 and the liftingcarriage350 may be moved together in x and y directions. First, the twocarriages350,352 may be moved up and down in FIG. 40 in the direction of thearrows387 by moving the cross beams360 along thelinear bearings382. Second, the nailingcarriage352 and the liftingcarriage350 may be moved left and right in FIG. 40 by rotation of thegear384 and movement of theentire diaphragm carriage346 along thetrack389.
• A lift mechanism is provided to allow one more degree of movement for the lifting[0172]carriage350 and the nailingcarriage352. The lift mechanism permits the twocarriages350,352 to move out of the page in FIG. 40, or upward. The lift mechanism may be provided in a number of ways, including, but not limited to, cylinders, air bags, and mechanical lifts, but a particular embodiment is shown in the drawing that utilizeswedges390 that are driven underwheels392. The liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 are suspended by thewheels392. Driving thewedges390 under thewheels392 causes the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 to be raised.
• To permit the[0173]wedges390 to be driven under thewheels392, thewedges390 are mounted for sliding movement on rails394. Therails394 are mounted for movement along the outer edges of the diaphragm carriage. Cross beams396 extend between the tworails394, such that a rectangle is formed by the cross beams396 and rails394 (the rectangle is shown with stippling for ease of viewing). Arear drive398, such as an absolute feedback servo motor, is attached to one of the cross beams396. The absolute feedback motor permits the location of the rectangle and the speed of the operation to be set by thecomputer128, or to be easily altered by a programmer or operator via thecomputer128. Actuation of therear drive398 causes thewedges390 to move relative to thewheels392, thus raising or lowering the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352. To assure that the movement of the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 is vertical only, and not lateral,wheels402 are connected to these carriages. Thewheels402 are arranged to move alongplates404 that are attached to thediaphragm carriage346. Engagement of thewheels402 with theplates404 prevents lateral movement of the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352.
• To aid in driving the[0174]wedges390 under thewheels392, asecond cylinder400 may be provided that is attached to thefront cross beam396. Thiscylinder400 acts as a balancing cylinder for therear cylinder398, and permits a smaller sized cylinder to be used and smoothes the lifting of liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 relative to the diaphragm carriage.
• Operation of the Lifting Carriage[0175]
• Operation of the[0176]diaphragm feeder108 begins with thediaphragm lift340 in a raised position, with a diaphragm just below the liftingcarriage350, such as is shown in FIG. 39. At this position, the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 are in the raised position, with thewheels392 driven upward by thewedges390, such as is shown in FIGS. 42 and 43.
• With the lifting[0177]carriage350 centered over the stack of diaphragms D, thewedges390 are driven from under thewheels392, causing the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 to lower. At the lowered position, thesuction cups366 are lowered downward into contact with the top of the diaphragm D. This action may occur, for example, by the suction cups being retractable into sleeves. The suction cups366 are shown attached to a top diaphragm D in FIG. 44.
• After the[0178]suction cups366 are attached to the diaphragm D, the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 are lifted upward to the position shown in FIGS. 45 and 46. The movement upward is caused by thewedges390 being driven under thewheels392.
• Once in the up position, the diaphragm D may be aligned relative to the nailing[0179]carriage352 so that the diaphragms may be properly positioned on the subpurlin S. One way of aligning the diaphragm D is shown in FIGS.47-50. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, threesensors410,412, and414 are provided that are aligned so that a first two of the sensors (410 and412) are located just to one side of the diaphragm D after it is lifted, and thethird sensor414 is located just behind the diaphragm after it is lifted.
• To properly align the diaphragm D, the diaphragm is first rotated as is shown in FIG. 47 to the position shown in FIG. 48. At this location, the leading right edge of the diaphragm engages the[0180]first sensor410. The diaphragm D is then rotated in the opposite direction until the trailing right corner of the diaphragm engages thesecond sensor412.
• Using the point of rotation and the amount of rotation of the diaphragm, geometry may be used to determine the orientation of the diaphragm. Using this geometry, the diaphragm D may be aligned centered properly underneath the lifting[0181]carriage350. Then, to establish a reference leading edge of the diaphragm, the diaphragm is moved as shown in FIG. 50 until it engages thesensor414. Once engaged, the trailing edge of the diaphragm is known, and the leading edge may be calculated by knowing the length of the diaphragm. The diaphragm D may also be moved to the right in FIG. 50 to engage thesensors410 and412. This movement establishes or confirms the location of the right edge of the diaphragm.
• Other methods may be used to align the diaphragm D properly, including but not limited to assuring that the diaphragm is properly placed on the[0182]lifting mechanism340. However, the presently described embodiment provides a structure and operation by which the alignment of the diaphragm D may be confirmed and/or properly set before the diaphragm enters theassembly station110.
• After the diaphragm D is properly aligned, it is advanced to the[0183]assembly station110 by rotating thegear384 and causing the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 to move into the assembly station and over the subpurlins S and the purlin P. This position is shown in FIG. 51.
• The movements of the lifting[0184]carriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 are preferably operated by absolute feedback motors, such as absolute feedback servo motors. As such, the location of the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 and the speeds of the movement of the carriages may be easily set by thecomputer128, and altered by a programmer or operator via thecomputer128. Because the width of the purlin is known, the diaphragm D may be properly centered over the subpurlins S and aligned over the brackets B on the subpurlins using the absolute feedback motors. Thewedges390 are then driven from under thewheels392, causing the liftingcarriage350 and the nailingcarriage352 to lower, such as is shown in FIG. 52. At this lowered position, theautomatic nailers348 are slightly spaced from the top of the diaphragm D, and thesuction cups366 still hold the diaphragm in place.
• The[0185]automatic nailers348 are then lowered to nail the first series of nails into the subpurlin S and purlin P. Preferably, this first nailing sequence drives nails through the diaphragm D and through the brackets B and into the top of the purlin P. Other nails are driven into the subpurlins S through the diaphragm D. The nails that are driven through the brackets B and the diaphragm D and the purlin P are used to anchor the three components of the diaphragm, subpurlin S, and purlin relative to one another.
• The position of the[0186]automatic nailers348 in this first nailing sequence is shown in FIG. 53. Again, in this first nailing sequence, the suction cups remain down, as is shown in FIG. 54. In this manner, thesuction cups366 assure that the diaphragm D is held in the proper position during the first nailing sequence.
• After the first nailing sequence, the suction cups are withdrawn, as is shown in FIG. 55. The suction cups[0187]366 are shown fully withdrawn in FIG. 56. The nailing guns also slightly retract and move to the next location, described further below. At this next location, the suction cups continue to remain upward, as is shown in FIG. 56, even as theautomatic nailers348 are lowered.
• Operation of the Nailing Carriage[0188]
• After the first nails have been driven into the diaphragm by the[0189]automatic nailers348, the automatic nailers may be indexed to nail another series of nails. The position where the automatic nailers is indexed depends upon the number of nailers and the desired spacing of the nails. In one example, the nailingcarriage352 includes five rows of nine automatic nailers each. Theautomatic nailers348 in a single row may be spaced, for example, a foot from one another. If such an embodiment is used, after the initial nailing, theautomatic nailers348 may retract (FIG. 57), and index half the distance toward the adjacent automatic nailer's original location (e.g., 6 inches, as shown in FIG. 58).
• The[0190]automatic nailers348 then drop and nail another pattern of nails. The nailers may also move perpendicular to the subpurlins S so that additional nails may be driven into the purlin P through the diaphragm D.
• An example of the arrangement of the five rows of[0191]automatic nailers348 is shown in FIG. 59. As can be seen, two rows (i.e., the rows to the right in the figure) of theautomatic nailers348 are adjacent to one another. This space corresponds to the edge of a diaphragm D of the leading subpurlin S. At this location, the trailing edge of the adjacent diaphragm D is nailed into the leading subpurlin, as well as the forward end of the diaphragm that has just been placed. If the diaphragm just placed is the first diaphragm that has been placed, then theautomatic nailers348 that would nail into the trailing end of the adjacent diaphragm do not fire. The remaining rows align with the subpurlins S.
• The embodiment of the five rows of[0192]automatic nailers348 may be used for a variety of different roof panel structures A. Differentautomatic nailers348 fire depending upon the location along the purlin, the length of the subpurlins S and the diaphragms D, and the position of the nailers relative to the subpurlins, the diaphragms, and the purlin. FIG. 60 shows the relation of the position of theautomatic nailers348 and thesuction cups366, and FIG. 61 shows possible zones for theautomatic nailers348. The representation in FIG. 60 includes additionalautomatic nailers348 that align with the purlin. These additional automatic nailers permit the purlin to be attached with additional nails without having to index the nailers perpendicularly relative to the subpurlins. The zones representautomatic nailers348 that may fire at the same time. Different zones are used based upon the above-listed factors.
• In FIG. 61, fourteen different zones are shown. When the[0193]diaphragm feeder108 is in theassembly station110, the F zones are at the purlin end of theassembly station110, and the R zones are at the opposite end of the assembly station. The guns within a zone fire in unison when so instructed by thecomputer128. The zones shown are but one way to separate the guns, but the particular zones shown permit a wide variety of nailing patterns for different sizes of diaphragms and different nailing locations on the diaphragms. As one example, for the initial nailing of a diaphragm that is ten feet in length and eight feet wide, and which has been placed behind another diaphragm (e.g., is not the first diaphragm on the purlin P), all of theautomatic nailers348 for all of the stations would fire. However, if a diaphragm D was the first diaphragm to be attached to the purlin P, then the stations F1, M5, and R4 would not fire, because there would not be another, adjacent diaphragm in which to nail.
• If, on the other hand, a diaphragm D that is being attached is only eight feet in length, then none of the R zones would fire on the initial nailing. As the nailing[0194]carriage352 indexes down the rows, such as is shown in FIG. 58, then the F and M zones continue to fire as appropriate. If, however, the nailingcarriage352 indexes sideways so as to drive additional nails through the diaphragm D into the purlin P, then the stations F1 and F4 may be turned off and the other F stations fire as the nailing carriage is indexed. A variety of other nailing combinations may be used so as to appropriately attach the diaphragm D to the subpurlins and purlin. As can be understood, these nailing patterns may change according to the number of subpurlins S used, the length of the subpurlins and the diaphragms D, the number of nails desired in the nailing pattern, the position of the subpurlins S and diaphragms D relative to the purlin P, and other factors.
• Operation of the Roof Panel Structure Assembly Mechanism[0195]
• FIG. 62 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for automatically producing a roof panel structure A in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. Beginning at[0196]step6202, a check is made to determine whether a purlin P is in theassembly station110. If not, step6202 branches to step6204 where a purlin P is inserted into the assembly station. This operation is described in more detail with the discussion of FIG. 63. After the purlin is inserted, step6204 branches to step6206, where the purlin P is indexed the appropriate amount into theassembly station110. This process is described with FIG. 64, below.
• If a purlin is in the[0197]assembly station110, step6202 branches to step6208, where a determination is made whether the end of the purlin has been reached. That is, a determination is made whether any more subpurlins S or diaphragms D will be added to the purlin P. If the end has been reached, step6208 branches to step6210, where the remainder of the purlin P is fed into theexit station112. The assembled roof panel structure A is then removed, e.g., with the forklift F (step6212). If the end of the purlin has not been reached, then step6208 branches to step6206, where the purlin is indexed the appropriate amount (e.g., the width of one diaphragm D).
• In[0198]step6214, the subpurlins S are advanced against a purlin P that is in theassembly station110. The steps for this process are discussed with FIGS. 65 and 66, below. Instep6216, a diaphragm D is placed over the subpurlins S and the purlin P. This step is discussed with FIG. 67 below.
• The process then proceeds to step[0199]6218, where the diaphragm D is nailed or otherwise attached to the subpurlin S and purlin P. This process is performed by the nailingcarriage352, was described above, and is further described with FIGS.68-73 below.
• The general overview of the process is but one way to perform some of the features of the present invention, and, has been described above, different orders may be used, as well as different structures for performing the functions described herein. As one nonlimiting example, the[0200]assembly station110 may receive two diaphragms at one time for attachment by the nailingcarriage352. As another example, subpurlins may be added one at a time. Also, diaphragms may be placed upside down, and subpurlins may be added over the diaphragms. Other variations are within the scope of the present invention.
• Inserting a Purlin into the Assembly Station[0201]
• FIG. 63 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for inserting a purlin P into the[0202]assembly station110 in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. Beginning instep6302, a purlin P is lifted onto the lifting mechanisms132 (e.g., by the hoist130). The liftingmechanisms132 then lift the purlin P or lower the purlin P to the appropriate height, for example by rotating the shaft156 (step6304).
• In[0203]step6306, the purlin P is fed into theassembly station110. This may be done manually, for example by pushing the purlin P until it engages and is caught by the toothed drivenroller180.
• Once the purlin P begins to enter the[0204]assembly station110, thecomputer128 sets the reference for the purlin to zero atstep6308. In this manner, using the absolute feedback servo motors that are associated with the toothed drivenroller180 and thebelt184, the exact amount the purlin P has been advanced into theassembly station110 may be tracked. If desired, the width of the purlin P may also be sensed, for example by sensing the amount that thebiased idler roller182 is moved as the purlin is inserted into theassembly station110.
• At[0205]step6310, the purlin P is indexed an appropriate amount into theassembly station110. This amount might be, for example, an appropriate lead for the end of the purlin P, plus the distance of one diaphragm width. After the purlin P has been indexed the appropriate amount, it is ready for attachment of the subpurlin S and diaphragm D.
• Indexing the Purlin Through the Assembly Station[0206]
• FIG. 64 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for indexing a purlin P through the[0207]assembly station110 as subpurlins S and diaphragms D are added to the purlin. Beginning atstep6402, the toothed drivenroller180 is rotated. Simultaneous with this rotation, thebelt184 is rotated (step6404). Also simultaneous with movement of the toothed drivenroller180, theconveyor196 is advanced. Each of these components engages a portion of the purlin P as it is indexed through theassembly station110. Preferably, their movements are synchronized by thecomputer128 so that none of the components is working against the others.
• In addition to the toothed driven[0208]roller180, thebelt184, and theconveyor196, thechain202 advances as a purlin P is advanced through the assembly station110 (step6408). It is also desired that thecomputer128 synchronizes the advancement of thechain202 with the movement of the other components.
• Operation of the Subpurlin Feeder[0209]
• FIG. 65 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for loading a subpurlin S into the[0210]subpurlin clamping mechanisms106 in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. Beginning at6502, a query is made as to whether thesubpurlin feeders104 are loaded. This may be done, for example, by a sensor or another suitable detection device. Alternatively, the step may be conducted by a user, e.g., via visual inspection. The step may involve determining whether any subpurlins S are in thesubpurlin feeder104, or may involve a determination whether a certain amount of subpurlins S are within the subpurlin feeder (e.g., 6). If a determination is made that the feeder is not loaded properly, then step6502 branches to step6504, where thesubpurlin feeder104 is loaded. This step may be conducted automatically, or manually by an operator.
• In either event, at[0211]step6506, a determination is made whether theclamping mechanism carriage220 is in place under the feeders. If not, then the process continues to loop around until theclamping mechanism carriage220 is in place. If theclamping mechanism carriage220 is in place, then step6506 branches to step6508, where the penultimate subpurlin S within thesubpurlin feeders104 is held (e.g., by the plungers240).
• At[0212]step6510, the bottom subpurlin S is released, e.g., by thearms242. After the subpurlins S have been released and have dropped into thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106, thearms242 are closed, and the penultimate subpurlin is released atstep6512. The process then loops back tostep6502.
• Advancement of the Subpurlin Clamping Mechanisms[0213]
• FIG. 66 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for advancing a subpurlin S via a[0214]subpurlin clamping mechanism106 into theassembly station110. Beginning atstep6602, a determination is made whether a subpurlin S is present within thesubpurlin clamping mechanism106. If not, the process continually loops back until a subpurlin S is present. If a subpurlin S is present, then step6602 branches to step6604, where the pinchingmechanisms270 are closed. Atstep6606, the width of the subpurlin S is sensed or confirmed, e.g., by the sensor/counter282.
• At[0215]step6608, thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 are advanced into theassembly station110. The front ends of the subpurlins are lifted as they approach the purlin atstep6610. As described above, this step permits the brackets B to clear the purlin P as the subpurlin S enters the assembly station. Lifting of the subpurlins S may be provided, for example, by theinflatable bags330.
• As the subpurlins S engage the purlin P, in step[0216]6612 the front ends of the subpurlins are lowered so that the bracket B rests on top of the purlin P. The subpurlins S are then pressed against the purlin P instep6614. This step may be performed, for example, by thecylinders286. As thecylinders286 press the subpurlin into place against the purlin, thesensors296 detect the stroke of thecylinders286, so as to sense or confirm the length of the subpurlins S (step6616).
• The subpurlins S are then lowered. It is possible that the brackets B may stick on the purlin P during this lowering process. To handle such a situation, the[0217]subpurlin carriage220 may backup slightly (e.g., ¼ inch) to prevent hanging of the brackets, and then may advance again after the lowering. These steps may be easily added to the programming of the movements for thesubpurlin carriage220, particularly where an absolute feedback motor is used to direct its movements.
• At[0218]step6618, the process waits until a diaphragm D is attached to the subpurlins and purlin P (i.e., the nailing process is completed). The process continually loops back until the diaphragm D is attached. Once the diaphragm D is attached,step6618 branches to step6620, where theclamping mechanism carriage220 is withdrawn. This process may occur, for example, after the diaphragm D has been initially nailed with the first nailing pattern, and while thesuction cups366 still hold the diaphragm and subpurlin S in place. Alternatively, theclamping mechanism carriage220 may be withdrawn after all nailing has been done. In any event, as theclamping mechanism carriage220 is withdrawn, thesupport arm312 is extended. As described above, thesupport arm312 extends out at the same rate that theclamping mechanism carriage220 retracts, and thus thesupport arm312 appears to be stationary during retraction of theclamping mechanism carriage220.
• Advancing the Diaphragms Into the Assembly Station[0219]
• FIG. 67 is a flow diagram generally representing steps for advancing a diaphragm D into the[0220]assembly station110 in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. Beginning atstep6702, thediaphragm lift340 raises the top diaphragm D to a reference height, e.g., spaced just below the liftingcarriage350. The liftingcarriage350 is then lowered atstep6704, for example, by moving thewedges390 from underneath thewheels392.
• At[0221]step6706, the diaphragm D is grabbed by the liftingcarriage350, e.g., by thesuction cups366. The liftingcarriage350 is then raised atstep6708. Again, this may be done by driving thewedges390 under thewheels392, or in another suitable manner. Atstep6710, the diaphragm D is aligned, for example by using thesensors410,412, and414.
• At[0222]step6712, the diaphragm D is advanced into theassembly station110. This is done, for example, by rotating thegear384 so that it moves along therack386, and moves thediaphragm carriage346 into theassembly station110. The diaphragm D is then lowered onto the purlin P and subpurlins S atstep6714. This may be done, for example, by moving thewedges390 out from under thewheels392. Atstep6716, the first series of nails is driven by the nailingcarriage352. After these nails have been driven, thesuction cups366 release the diaphragm D instep6718.
• Assembly Example[0223]
• An example of steps of assembly of a roof panel structure A is shown in FIGS.[0224]68-73. As is described further below, the steps taken by the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100 are different depending upon the size of the diaphragms and the location of the purlin P relative to the assembly station110 (i.e., how far it has been inserted). For example, one to foursubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 may be used, depending on the width of the diaphragm, and the position of the purlin P in theassembly station110.
• An example of steps of assembly for a four-foot-wide diaphragm D is shown in FIGS.[0225]68-73. The subpurlins S are spaced two feet on center. Thus, for an assembled roof panel structure A, there are three subpurlins S that engage each diaphragm D. Two of the subpurlins are along the edges of the diaphragms D, and one subpurlin is intermediate the two subpurlins S on the edges.
• To begin assembly, two subpurlins S are inserted into the two leading[0226]subpurlin clamping mechanisms106, as is shown in FIG. 68. A diaphragm D is lowered onto the two subpurlins S so that it extends halfway over the first subpurlin and approximately two feet beyond the second subpurlin and over a thirdsubpurlin clamping mechanism106 that does not include a subpurlin therein.
• The[0227]automatic nailers348 lower, as is shown in FIG. 69. Two nailing guns fire in this sequence: The inside row ofautomatic nailers348 at the first subpurlin S, and the automatic nailers at the second subpurlin. The outside row ofautomatic nailers348 at the first subpurlin S do not fire, because there is not a diaphragm D on that side of the first subpurlin.
• The purlin P, the diaphragm D, and the assembled subpurlins S are then indexed down so that the rear edge of the diaphragm D is aligned over the center of the first[0228]subpurlin clamping mechanism106, as is shown in FIG. 70. The amount of the diaphragm D that is hanging rearwardly from the previously attached subpurlin S is approximately two feet in the embodiment shown in the drawings. This amount permits the end of the diaphragm D to be flexible, so that it may bend upward. This flexibility is needed when the subpurlins S are raised upward at the end of their movement toward the purlin P, for example by theair bags330. This movement upward of the subpurlins S and the resultant bending of the rear portion of the diaphragm are shown in FIG. 71.
• After the two subpurlins S in FIG. 71 have been lowered into position against the purlin P, another diaphragm D is lowered against the top these two subpurlins and is aligned against the back of the adjacent diaphragm. This positioning of the second diaphragm is shown in FIG. 72. The[0229]automatic nailers348 then lower and nails are driven through the back end of the leading diaphragm into a subpurlin in the firstsubpurlin clamping mechanism106, and through the front edge of the trailing diaphragm into the same subpurlin, and also into the second subpurlin. The purlin P and the attached subpurlins S and diaphragms D then are advanced.
• The process above is continued until the end of the purlin P is reached. At this point, the last diaphragm D that has been attached has a trailing end that extends two feet beyond the last attached subpurlin S. The[0230]subpurlin feeders104 then drop only one subpurlin S into the firstsubpurlin clamping mechanism106. A single subpurlin S shown in the firstsubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 is shown in FIG. 73. After the single subpurlin S has been inserted, theautomatic nailers348 are lowered and only the first row of guns, i.e., the outermost of the two adjacent sets of rows fires, driving the nails in through the end of the last diaphragm D into the single subpurlin S.
• The assembled roof panel structure A is then ready for removal from the[0231]assembly station110. It can be understood that the assembly process will be different than described above if the diaphragm D is wider than four feet. For example, if an eight-foot-wide diaphragm is used, then all foursubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 are filled with subpurlins S, and the diaphragm extends two feet beyond the lastsubpurlin clamping mechanism106. Nailing guns fire according to the subpurlins S that are present within thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106.
• The roof panel[0232]structure assembly mechanism100 of the present invention provides fully automated assembly of roof panel structures A. The purlins are indexed and fed using an automated system, the subpurlins are fed into thesubpurlin clamping mechanisms106 by an automated system and are advanced into the assembly station via another automated system, and the diaphragms are advanced into the assembly station via yet another automated system. These automated systems do not require user input once started. In many locations, a sensor or sensors sense or confirm the width or length of the purlin P or subpurlin S, and the automated system aligns the subpurlins S or the diaphragm D in the appropriate location due to the sensed width or length. Many of the automated movements of the components of the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100 are operated by absolute feedback motors, such as absolute feedback servo motors. As such, the location of the components of the subpurlin carriage and the speeds of the operation may be easily and accurately set by thecomputer128. For example, operation may be altered automatically due to sensor or operator input. As such, the roof panelstructure assembly mechanism100 can save many costs and much labor involved in normal construction of roof panel structures A.
• Other variations are within the spirit of the present invention. Thus, while the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, a certain illustrated embodiment thereof is shown in the drawings and has been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims.[0233]

Claims (38)

What is claimed is:

1. A method of assembling a roof panel structure, comprising:

using a first automated system, advancing at least one subpurlin into an assembly station and against at least one purlin; and

attaching the at least one subpurlin to the at least one purlin.

2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the purlin is advanced into the assembly station by a second automated system.

3. The method ofclaim 2, further comprising:

advancing at least one diaphragm into the assembly station and against the at least one subpurlin and the at least one purlin; and

attaching the at least one diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin and the at least one purlin.

4. The method ofclaim 3, wherein the diaphragm is advanced into the assembly station by a third automated system.

5. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising:

advancing at least one diaphragm into the assembly station and against the at least one subpurlin and the at least one purlin; and

attaching the at least one diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin and the at least one purlin.

6. The method ofclaim 5, wherein the diaphragm is advanced into the assembly station by a second automated system.

7. The method ofclaim 5, further comprising, after attaching the at least one subpurlin to the at least one purlin:

indexing the at least one purlin through the assembly station;

advancing an additional at least one subpurlin against the advanced at least one purlin; and

attaching the additional at least one subpurlin to the advanced at least one purlin.

8. The method ofclaim 7, further comprising:

advancing an additional at least one diaphragm against the additional at least one subpurlin; and

attaching the additional at least one diaphragm to the additional at least one subpurlin.

9. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first automated system comprises a carriage for advancing the at least one subpurlin into the assembly station.

10. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the at least one subpurlin comprises a bracket for attaching to the purlin, and further comprising lifting at least a bracket end of the subpurlin prior to advancing the at least one subpurlin against the at least one purlin.

11. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising lowering the bracket end as the subpurlin is advanced against the purlin.

12. The method ofclaim 9, further comprising, prior to advancing the at least one subpurlin into the assembly station, automatically feeding the at least one subpurlin onto the carriage.

13. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the at least one subpurlin comprises a bracket for attaching to the purlin, and further comprising lifting at least a bracket end of the subpurlin prior to advancing the at least one subpurlin against the at least one purlin.

14. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising lowering the bracket end as the subpurlin is advanced against the purlin.

15. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising sensing the width of the at least one subpurlin.

16. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising sensing the length of the at least one subpurlin.

17. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising adjusting the height of the at least one purlin prior to advancing the at least one subpurlin into the assembly station.

18. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising, after attaching the at least one subpurlin to the at least one purlin:

indexing the at least one purlin through the assembly station;

advancing an additional at least one subpurlin against the advanced at least one purlin; and

attaching the additional at least one subpurlin to the advanced at least one purlin.

19. A method of assembling a roof panel structure, comprising:

using a first automated system, advancing at least one purlin into an assembly station;

advancing at least one subpurlin against the at least one purlin in the assembly station; and

attaching the at least one subpurlin to the at least one purlin.

20. The method ofclaim 19, further comprising:

advancing at least one diaphragm into the assembly station and against the at least one subpurlin and the at least one purlin; and

attaching the at least one diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin and the at least one purlin.

21. The method ofclaim 20, wherein the diaphragm is advanced into the assembly station by a second automated system.

22. The method ofclaim 19, further comprising, after attaching the at least one subpurlin to the at least one purlin:

using the first automated system, indexing the at least one purlin through the assembly station;

advancing an additional at least one subpurlin against the advanced at least one purlin; and

attaching the additional at least one subpurlin to the advanced at least one purlin.

23. The method ofclaim 22, further comprising:

advancing an additional at least one diaphragm against the additional at least one subpurlin; and

attaching the additional at least one diaphragm to the additional at least one subpurlin.

24. The method ofclaim 19, further comprising adjusting the height of the at least one purlin prior to advancing the at least one subpurlin into the assembly station.

25. A method of assembling a roof panel structure, comprising:

using a first automated system, advancing at least one subpurlin into an assembly station;

uniting the at least one subpurlin and at least one diaphragm in the assembly station; and

attaching the at least one subpurlin to the at least one diaphragm.

26. The method ofclaim 25, wherein the diaphragm is advanced into the assembly station by a second automated system.

27. The method ofclaim 25, wherein the first automated system comprises a carriage for advancing the at least one subpurlin into the assembly station.

28. The method ofclaim 27, further comprising, prior to advancing the at least one subpurlin into the assembly station, automatically feeding the at least one subpurlin onto the carriage.

29. The method ofclaim 25, further comprising sensing the width of the at least one subpurlin.

30. The method ofclaim 25, further comprising sensing the length of the at least one subpurlin.

31. A method of assembling a roof panel structure, comprising:

using a first automated system, advancing at least one diaphragm into an assembly station and against at least one subpurlin; and

attaching the at least one diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin.

32. The method ofclaim 31, wherein the subpurlin is advanced into the assembly station by a second automated system.

33. The method ofclaim 31, further comprising sensing the alignment of the at least one diaphragm prior to advancing at least one diaphragm into an assembly station.

34. The method ofclaim 33, further comprising altering the alignment of the at least one diaphragm responsive to the sensing.

35. The method ofclaim 34, further comprising using a second automated system, automatically attaching the at least one diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin.

36. A method of assembling a roof panel structure, comprising:

using a first automated system, advancing a purlin into an assembly station;

using a second automated system, advancing at least one subpurlin into the assembly station and against the purlin;

using a third automated system, advancing at least one diaphragm into the assembly station and against the at least one subpurlin and the at least one purlin; and

attaching the at least one diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin and the purlin.

37. The method ofclaim 36, further comprising a fourth automated system for automatically attaching the diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin and the purlin.

38. The method ofclaim 36, further comprising, after attaching the at least one diaphragm to the at least one subpurlin and the purlin:

using the first automated system, indexing the purlin through the assembly station;

using the second automated system, advancing an additional at least one subpurlin against the advanced purlin;

using the third automated system, advancing an additional at least one diaphragm into the assembly station and against the at least one subpurlin and the advanced purlin; and

attaching the additional at least one subpurlin and the additional at least one diaphragm to the advanced purlin.

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