US20030125690A1 - Absorbent article - Google Patents

Abstract

An absorbent article has an elastic waist portion, an absorbent element (5), and a liquid-impermeable outer layer (3) which is intended to enclose the absorbent element on at least that side thereof which faces away from the wearer during use of the article. The absorbent element (5) is in its entirety arranged on the second piece (2). The liquid-impermeable outer layer (3) is breathable, at least over a portion of this which covers the absorbent element (5).

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/342,762, filed in the United States on Dec. 28, 2001, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Technical Field[0002]
• The present invention relates to an absorbent article of pants-like shape, such as incontinence pants, pants diapers or sanitary towel pants, comprising an elastic waist portion, an absorbent element, which has a length and a width and is intended to at least cover the genitals of the wearer during use of the article, and a liquid-impermeable outer layer which is intended to enclose the absorbent element on at least that side thereof which faces away from the wearer during use of the article. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such absorbent articles of pants-like shape.[0003]
• [0004]2. BACKGROUND ART
• Absorbent disposable products for taking up urine, faeces or menstrual blood have developed greatly since they came into more general use during the 1960s and 1970s. As they are disposable products, it is necessary that they can be manufactured and sold at a very low price. At the same time, it is important that the products function well and reliably. Good fit and comfort are also important characteristics. The first disposable diapers were made of two-part products, consisting of an outer pant made of plastic, intended to be re-used, and a rectangular absorbent insert for disposable use. The absorbent material in these inserts initially consisted of cellulose tissue. Later, better absorption materials made of what is known as fluff pulp made of cellulose were developed. The fit and comfort of these early diapers were poor. The products were unwieldy and uncomfortable for the wearer. Towards the end of the 1970s, the first complete disposable diapers arrived, that is to say diapers in which the absorption bodies were integrated with a liquid-impermeable outer layer. The absorption materials have developed and improved, which has resulted in the possibility of the absorption bodies being adapted better to the anatomy of the wearer. Hourglass-shaped absorption bodies with a narrower crotch portion between the two end portions are now predominant. The trend has also been towards increasingly thin products, which has been made possible by the inclusion of what are known as superabsorbent materials in the absorbent element. There are many reasons why thinner and even smaller absorption bodies are desirable. A thinner, smaller absorption body is more comfortable and more discreet, which is especially important for adult incontinent wearers. A reduction in volume is also very important financially because the product then requires less storage space and is easier to transport and takes up less shelf space in shops. This is important for the financial management of the shops, and if a manufacturer can produce products requiring less space in the shops than the products of the competitors, this affords a not inconsiderable competitive advantage. Moreover, there is increased pressure from authorities, in particular as far as disposable articles are concerned, to use as little material as possible for the purpose of reducing the burden on the environment.[0005]
• The smaller the absorption bodies become, the more important it becomes that the absorption bodies come to lie in the correct place directly in front of the genitals of the wearer and remain in place during use even when the wearer is very active and moves a great deal. The demands of consumers for discretion, comfort and reliable functioning are also increasingly exacting. Requirements for the absorption element to come to lie correctly when put on and then be retained in the correct place have therefore increased the need for good fixing of the article on the body and the need for very good adaptability to the body when the wearer moves, at the same time as requirements have increased for the article always to come to lie in the correct place when the article is put on the wearer. This has led to the development of what are known as pants diapers, which have elastic portions for improved fit and comfort and increased flexibility during movements of the wearer compared with conventional absorbent articles.[0006]
• An early patent publication relating to pants diapers of the disposable type is[0007]GB 2 112 267-A. However, this publication from 1983 discloses primitive pants diapers which did not become a commercial product. Not until the 1990s did absorbent articles of pants-like shape and construction become a major commercial product. Pants-like articles now exist in the form of diapers for infants and diapers for adults and to some extent sanitary towel pants for absorption of menstrual fluid. Previously commercially available pants diapers have been designed in principle like conventional diapers with a front portion and a rear portion and also an intermediate crotch portion, the front and rear portions being interconnected by a side seam between each leg opening and the waist opening of the pants. The pants diapers have been produced by plane diaper-like pieces being produced in a continuous web, the individual pants diapers being formed by diaper-like blanks being folded double and provided with said side seams to form pants diapers. These side seams project laterally from the finished product and are undesirable because they project and interfere with the fit of garments worn over the top. On account of their shape, they are visible through garments worn on top of the pants diapers and fitting closely around the body. They can also snag in clothing and even cause tears in nylon tights. Such projecting side seams can also chafe and give rise to pressure sores on wearers who spend a lot of time lying on their side.
• WO 00/61049 has proposed improved pants diapers, in which the projecting sides seams have been eliminated. In this construction, the side seams have been eliminated by virtue of elastic side portions extending continuously in one piece from the front portion of the pants diapers to their rear portion on both sides of the pants diapers. However, the pants diapers according to WO 00/61049 have a number of disadvantages. The pants diapers according to said publication have what is referred to as a chassis, which extends over the entire pants diapers and forms the front portion, the crotch portion and the rear portion and is most reminiscent of a conventional diaper, and also said elastic side panels which each overlap the chassis at both the front and the rear on the pants diapers. These overlapping portions do not serve any actual purpose on the finished product and are in fact undesirable because a lot of material is wasted, that is to say they are used for no other purpose than joining together. The overlapping, joined-together portions are less of a nuisance and less uncomfortable for the wearer than the projecting side seams on previously known pants diapers. Owing to their unfavourable positioning, particularly at the rear, the overlapping portions can still give rise to a risk of chafing and back sores on wearers who spend a lot of time lying on their back. Another disadvantage of the pants diapers according to WO 00/61049 is that said chassis is relatively large and, as this portion is relatively rigid at least in comparison with the elastic side portions of the pants diapers, the pants diapers as a whole are not as adaptable to the body of the wearer but there is a risk that the pants diapers will be displaced from their optimum position in relation to the body when a wearer lies in bed and moves. In particular the rigid rear portion of the pants diapers can be displaced and pull both the crotch portion and the front portion from their optimum positions directly in front of the genitals of the wearer because the front and rear portion are essentially rigidly joined together in one piece with the crotch portion.[0008]
• A problem with absorbent articles of pants-like shape is that conventional articles of this kind tightly enclose the area around the genitals of the wearer, whereby this area, when body fluids are excreted, becomes locally saturated with moisture and vapor, which has an adverse effect on the skin of the wearer. In some cases disturbing skin irritation can occur. Furthermore, also minor chafing of the article against the skin of the wearer, in combination with a moist environment and during lengthy usage of the article, can give rise to sores on older people with flesh that heals poorly.[0009]
• Breathable and vapor-permeable but liquid-impermeable materials for use in absorbent articles, such as diapers, incontinence products or sanitary towels, are previously known. Breathable materials can consist of perforated plastic films, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,628,737, or of microporous plastic films, as described in, for example, EP-A-0238200. Another example of breathable materials are so-called non-woven materials which are air-permeable and vapor-permeable and which, if required, have been treated with means to improve the liquid-impermeability, as is described in EP-A-0196654.[0010]
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY
• In absorbent articles of pants-like shape, with a fit which tightly encloses around the wearer, the need for air-permeability and vapor-permeability is especially important. This in combination with all the above-mentioned problems associated with absorbent articles of pants-like shape has resulted in a great need to find a pants-like article which functions well in all respects and which, in addition, it is possible to manufacture rationally.[0011]
• According to one embodiment of the invention, an absorbent article of pants shape comprises an elastic waist portion, an absorbent element which has a length and a width and is adapted to at least cover the genitals of a wearer when the article is worn, and a liquid-impermeable outer layer which is adapted to enclose the absorbent element on at least a side thereof which faces away from the wearer when the article is worn, the elastic waist portion is made from an elastic first piece which is elongate in an extended state and is adapted to partly surround a trunk of the wearer and to form a rear portion and side portions of the article, a second piece forms part of the article and is adapted to form a front portion and a crotch portion of the article, said second piece is elongate with two opposite end edges and two opposite longitudinal edges, the width of the second piece is, at least in the crotch portion, smaller than a length of the first piece, the second piece is arranged with a longitudinal direction at right angles in relation to a longitudinal direction of the first piece and is connected by a first of the end edges of the second piece to one longitudinal edge of the first piece, centrally thereon, one end portion of the first piece is connected to a first longitudinal edge of the second piece, and an other end portion of the first piece is connected in a corresponding manner to a second longitudinal edge of the second piece, and the absorbent element is in its entirety arranged on the second piece, and at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable outer layer which covers the absorbent element is breathable.[0012]
• If the entire rear portion as well is elastic and, together with the elastic side portions, forms a single continuous elastic first piece, the pants as a whole are more adaptable to body movements. Local irregularities are taken up and smoothed out by the continuous elastic piece and are not transferred to the more rigid parts of the front portion and crotch portion located directly in front of the genitals of the wearer. Compared with conventional diapers and previously known absorbent articles of pants-like shape, the article according to the present invention affords superior fit and comfort. Most of the pants-like garment is completely smooth. The seams required are arranged at the transition between the front portion and the first piece and at the transition between the first and the second piece in the crotch portion. These seams come to lie in places which are not subjected to any significant pressure during use of the article, and there is less risk of chafing and pressure sores caused by seams on the pants-like article. The risk of chafing, pressure sores or other skin irritation diminishes also due to the fact that the article is air-permeable and vapor-permeable in front of the absorbent element where large quantities of liquid are absorbed locally.[0013]
• The design of the absorbent article according to an embodiment of the invention in only two part pieces, where the absorbent element is in its entirety located on the second part piece, affords greater freedom of choice with regard to manufacturing method compared with previously known articles of pants-like shape.[0014]
• According to one embodiment, the length of the second piece is greater than the width of the first piece, and in that the projecting portion of the second piece formed by the length difference is in its entirety located below that side edge of the first piece which is the lower one during use of the article, and there forms the crotch portion. According to another embodiment, the projecting portion has a smaller width than the remainder of the second piece.[0015]
• According to another embodiment, the absorbent element extends in its longitudinal direction over the entire crotch portion and a little way up over the front portion in the direction of that side edge of the first piece which is the upper one during use of the article.[0016]
• According to another embodiment, the absorbent element is arranged so as to extend with its lower end portion only a little way over the crotch portion and over less than half the extent of said projecting portion. According to another embodiment, the absorbent element tapers in the direction of the crotch portion.[0017]
• According to an embodiment in which the absorbent element extends over the crotch portion, the absorbent element forms a concave shape with its side edge portions in the crotch area.[0018]
• According to one embodiment, the connected side edge portions and end portions of said first and second pieces are, before connection, arranged in an overlapping manner, with the inside of an overlapping portion being arranged against the outside of an overlapped portion.[0019]
• According to another embodiment, the second piece includes a liquid-permeable inner layer and said liquid-impermeable outer layer, and in that the absorbent element is arranged between said inner and outer layers, the inner and outer layers extending in the lateral direction and longitudinal direction outside the absorbent element and being interconnected there.[0020]
• According to one embodiment, the liquid-impermeable and breathable layer only covers the absorbent element. According to one particular embodiment, the invention is thereby distinguished in that the absorbent element is made up of fibres and that the liquid-impermeable and breathable outer layer consists of an outer layer of hydrophobic fibres connected with the absorbent element.[0021]
• According to one embodiment, said breathable portion has an MTVR-value between in the order of magnitude of 200-10000 g/m[0022]²/24 h. The term MTVR stands for “Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate”, i.e. the amount of vapor which can pass per unit area during a certain period of time. Said breathable portion suitably has an MTVR-value in the order of magnitude of 500-5000 g/m²/24 h and most preferably in the order of magnitude of 1000-3000 g/m²/24 h.
• Measurement of breathability has been performed with the method ASTM E96 and the measurement equipment Lyssy has been used.[0023]
• According to one embodiment, the entire second piece is breathable.[0024]
• According to a further embodiment, the first piece is rectangular, which simplifies the manufacturing.[0025]
• According to one embodiment, the second piece has a concave portion between the first piece and up to said side edge portions of the second piece, wherein the concave portion forms cut-outs for the legs of the wearer. According to another embodiment, the second piece is, at least along a part of its length, narrowing towards the first piece, wherein the narrowing portion forms cut-outs for the legs of the wearer.[0026]
• According to one embodiment, the second piece is essentially inelastic. The term inelastic here denotes that the front section, under normally occurring stresses, does not stretch.[0027]
• According to another embodiment, the elastic members are arranged along the edges of the second piece, along at least the crotch portion for the forming of leg elastics, intended to lie in sealing contact with the legs of the wearer. According to one embodiment, the elastic members extend from an area in the rear portion where the elastic first piece and the second piece overlap each other and further along the crotch portion along the edges of the second piece in a direction towards the front portion, whereby the elastic members are effectively connected with the elastic first piece.[0028]
• In such a design, the leg elastic is connected with the waist elastic in the first piece, which gives the pants-like article a good fit.[0029]
• According to a further embodiment, the absorbent element comprises superabsorbent material and is continuously narrowing in a direction towards the rear portion of the article, and that the concentration of superabsorbent material increases in the same direction.[0030]
• According to a suitable embodiment, the liquid-impermeable outer layer is breathable and vapor-permeable, and that the rest of the article, over its entire area, is breathable and vapor-permeable.[0031]
• According to a modified embodiment, different portions of the article due to the choice of different materials or degree of perforation have different degrees of breathability.[0032]
• According to one embodiment, the elastic first piece has a higher degree of breathability than the liquid-impermeable outer layer on the second piece.[0033]
• According to one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an absorbent article of pants shape, the article comprising an elastic waist portion, an absorbent element, which has a length and a width and is adapted to at least cover genitals of a wearer when the article is worn, and a liquid-impermeable outer layer which is adapted to enclose the absorbent element on at least a side thereof which faces away from the wearer. The method comprises making said elastic waist portion from an elastic first piece which is essentially rectangular in an extended state and is adapted to partly surround a trunk of the wearer so as to form from the first piece; a rear portion and side portions of the article from the first piece; forming a front portion and a crotch portion of the article from a second piece, said second piece is elongate with two opposite end portion and two opposite longitudinal edges, a width of the second piece is, at least in the crotch portion, smaller than a length of the first piece; arranging the second piece with a longitudinal direction at right angles in relation to a longitudinal direction of the first piece and connecting a first end portion of the second piece to one longitudinal edge of the first piece, centrally thereon, connecting one end portion of the first piece to a first longitudinal edge of the second piece, and an other end portion of the first piece in a corresponding manner to a second longitudinal edge of the second piece, and wherein at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable outer layer, which portion is intended to cover the absorbent element, is formed from a breathable material.[0034]
• According to another embodiment of the invention, an absorbent article, comprises an elastically stretchable first piece having first and second longitudinal edges and first and second end portions, wherein the first and second end portions are shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges; a second piece having first and second longitudinal edges and first and second end portions, wherein the first and second end portions are shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges; the first end portion of the second piece is secured to a middle portion of the second longitudinal edge of the first piece so that the first piece extends substantially perpendicular to the second piece; the first end portion of the first piece is secured to the first longitudinal edge of the second piece and the second end portion of the first piece is secured to the second longitudinal edge of the second piece; an absorbent element secured to the second piece; and a liquid-impermeable sheet covering the absorbent element, the absorbent element arranged between the second piece and the liquid impermeable sheet, and at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable sheet covering the absorbent element is vapor-permeable.[0035]
• According to yet another embodiment of the invention, a method of manufacturing an absorbent article comprises providing an elastically stretchable first piece having first and second longitudinal edges and first and second end portions, wherein the first and second end portions are shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges; securing an absorbent element to a second piece of material so that the absorbent element is arranged between the second piece of material and a liquid-impermeable sheet, wherein at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable sheet covering the absorbent element is vapor-permeable; securing a first end portion of a second piece of material to a middle portion of the second longitudinal edge of the first piece so that the first piece extends substantially perpendicular to the second piece, wherein the second piece has first and second longitudinal edges that are substantially perpendicular to the first end portion and the first end portion is shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges, and wherein the second piece includes an absorbent element; and securing the first end portion of the first piece to the first longitudinal edge of the second piece and securing the second end portion of the first piece to the second longitudinal edge of the second piece.[0036]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The invention will be described in greater detail below with reference to illustrative embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, in which[0037]
• FIG. 1 shows schematically a phase of the construction of an absorbent article according to a first embodiment.[0038]
• FIG. 2 shows schematically in plane form an assembled article according to the first embodiment.[0039]
• FIG. 3 shows the article according to FIG. 2 in perspective.[0040]
• FIG. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 1.[0041]
• FIG. 5 shows schematically a phase of the construction of an absorbent article according to a second embodiment.[0042]
• FIG. 6 shows in plane form an assembled article according to the second embodiment.[0043]
• FIG. 7 shows in plane form an assembled article according to a third embodiment.[0044]
• FIG. 8 shows in plane view an assembled article according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.[0045]
• FIG. 9 shows schematically the distribution of superabsorbent material in one embodiment of an absorbent element belonging to the article.[0046]
• FIG. 10 shows a section along the line X-X in FIG. 8.[0047]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• As can be seen from FIG. 1, the article in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 comprises a[0048]first piece1. This piece is elastically stretchable and is shown in FIG. 1 in a plane and even extended state, in which theelastic piece1 is essentially rectangular. The elasticfirst piece1 can be made from conventional materials well-known to the person skilled in the art, such as woven elastic materials, elastic non-wovens, elastic laminates or elastic films. Another alternative is a material with prestressed elastic threads arranged on a supporting material, for example non-woven. Preferably, the elastic piece is stretchable for a wearer when the article is put on, and that it fits closely with suitable tightness around the wearer during use of the article. The tightness is of course regulated by means of size and elastic stretchability.
• The article includes a[0049]second piece2 which, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 4, consists of anouter layer3, aninner layer4 and anabsorbent element5 arranged between these. In the embodiment in plane form shown in FIG. 1, this element is essentially triangular. The material selected for the absorption element is not critical, but it can be chosen from among materials or material combinations well-known to the person skilled in the art. For example, the absorbent element can consist of cellulose fluff pulp with superabsorbent materials in powder or fibre form added in. The absorbent element can also consist of a foam material with or without superabsorbent material.
• The[0050]outer layer3 is preferably liquid-impermeable and vapor-permeable, i.e., breathable. The breathable and liquid-impermeable layer3 preferably has a so-called MTVR-value in the order of magnitude of 200-10000 g/m²/24 h. The term MTVR stands for “Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate”, i.e., the amount of vapor which can pass per unit area during a certain period of time. Measurement of breathability has been performed with the method ASTM E96 and the measurement equipment Lyssy has been used.
• The liquid-impermeable and[0051]breathable layer3 can, for example, consist of a perforated polyethylene film, where the size of the holes has been chosen so that air and vapor may pass, but not liquid molecules. If an absorbent article with a more textile-like appearance is desired, a liquid-impermeable film in combination with an outer fibre layer is suitable.
• Breathable and vapor-permeable but liquid-impermeable materials for use in absorbent articles, such as diapers, incontinence products and sanitary towels, are previously known in different embodiments. Breathable materials can, as mentioned above, consist of perforated plastic films. One example of such films is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,628,737. The liquid-impermeable and breathable[0052]outer layer3 can also consist of micro-porous plastic films, as is described in, for example, EP-A-0238200. Another example of breathable materials are so-called non-woven which are air-permeable and vapor-permeable and which, if required, have been treated with means to improve the liquid-impermeability, as is described in EP-A-0196654.
• The liquid-impermeable[0053]outer layer3 is breathable and vapor-permeable, as has been mentioned above. The elastic first piece is also breathable and vapor-permeable. As it is not required to be liquid-impermeable it may be arranged with a higher degree of breathability than the liquid-impermeable outer layer.
• The[0054]inner layer4 can be made from a liquid-permeable non-woven.
• The[0055]second piece2 is elongate and is arranged with its longitudinal direction at right angles in relation to the longitudinal direction of thefirst piece1. Thesecond piece2 is connected by oneend portion6 to onelongitudinal edge portion7 of thefirst piece1, centrally thereon. The connection can be made by means of, for example, adhesive, thermal bonding or ultrasonic bonding.
• In FIG. 1, the arrows A and B illustrate how the first and second pieces are folded to form the absorbent article of pants-like shape shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The[0056]elastic piece1 is folded in according to the arrows A shown to form therear portion8 andside portions9,10 of the article, while the second piece is folded upwards according to the arrows B to form thefront portion11 andcrotch portion12 of the article.
• As can be seen most clearly from FIG. 3, one[0057]end portion13 of the first piece is arranged so as to be overlapped a little by a firstside edge portion14 of the second piece, and theother end portion15 of the first piece is in a corresponding manner arranged so as to be overlapped a little by a secondside edge portion16 of the second piece. These overlapping portions are interconnected by means of, for example, adhesive, thermal bonding or ultrasonic bonding. Alternatively the front portion and the crotch portion can be arranged detachably along said overlappingportions13,14 and15,16. Such a detachable connection can be made by means of, for example, hook means (not shown), as a result of which the pants-like article can be opened and subsequently reclosed with the same fit and tightness.
• In FIG. 4, the thickness of the second piece has been exaggerated for the sake of clarity. The figure shows an[0058]outer layer3 consisting of a laminate of aplastic film17 and anon-woven layer18 arranged outside. Theinner layer4 can consist of a liquid-permeable non-woven of a type well-known to the person skilled in the art.
• In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, those parts corresponding to the same parts in the embodiment according to FIGS.[0059]1-4 have been provided with the same reference numbers, except increased by100. The only difference between the embodiment according to FIGS. 5 and 6 and that described above is the shape and extent of the absorbent element105. In this second embodiment, the absorbent element105 is hourglass-shaped in plane form, as can be seen most clearly from FIG. 5, the narrower portion being intended to be arranged in the crotch of the wearer during use of the article. The upper end edge119 of the absorbent element105 is located directly adjacent to the lower edge portion107 of the first elastic piece, which means that the absorbent element according to this second embodiment extends over the entire crotch area and a little way up over the front portion111, as can be seen from FIG. 6. Elastic members123,124 are arcuately arranged along the side edges of the absorbent element105 and extend, as is evident from FIG. 5, from the upper elastic first piece101 and down over the crotch portion112 of the article. As is evident from FIG. 5, the end portions of the elastic members123,124 bridge that end portion106 of the second piece103 which overlaps the first elastic piece101. Thus, the elastic members are operatively connected, in the rear portion108 of the article, with the first elastic piece101. The opposite end of each elastic member123,124 does not extend all the way to the side edges of the second piece102, but are arranged so that the elastic members in the state of use of the article, which is shown in FIG. 6, do not reach all the way to the side portions109,110 of the first elastic piece. The relationship is the same in the embodiments according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
• Preferably, the elastic piece[0060]101 and the elastic members have an elastic characteristic which allows an extension of up to the order of magnitude of twice the length with constant extension force. An absorbent article of a certain size can thereby be used on wearers of different sizes without the pressure from the elastic being varied, which in its turn leads to a very limited assortment of different sizes of the absorbent article being required in order to cover the need of sizes for wearers of different sizes.
• In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the second piece[0061]102 has been shaped rectangular. The second piece102 may, of course, be provided with leg cut-outs which follow the curved elastic members and the curved edge portions of the hourglass-shaped absorbent element.
• FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment which is slightly modified in relation to the first embodiment. The third embodiment includes a first piece[0062]201 including side portions209,210. The only difference is that a part piece221 of the second piece202 is made narrower than the remainder of the second piece, in which way a pants-like article with a narrower crotch portion212 is obtained, as can be seen from FIG. 7.
• In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the parts corresponding to similar details in the other embodiments have been provided with the same reference numbers, except increased by[0063]300. The second piece302 has a concave portion322 which extends from the first piece301 towards the side edge portions314,316. These are, as in the above described embodiments, intended to be connected with the end portions313 and315 on the first piece301.
• The first piece[0064]301 is formed of an elastic material and is intended during use of the article to achieve an elastic tightening around the waist of the wearer, which tightening keeps the article in place and gives it a good fit. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the elastic members323,324 are arranged along both sides of the concave portions322 for the forming of leg elastic, which during use of the article is intended to be in sealing contact with the legs of the wearer. In the shown embodiment, the elastic members323,324 extend from the elastic first piece301 to the side edge portions314,316. The completed, assembled, pants-like article will thereby be elastically tight-fitting around both of the legs of the wearer. In this manner a good fit is obtained. If the elastic piece301 and the elastic members323,324 are formed so that they are elastically stretchable a longer distance, without the tension in the elastic piece301 and in the elastic members323,324 being increased to any considerable extent, the article can, without any annoying chafing, be used by wearers of different sizes. In such a design, the number of requisite sizes can be kept down, which leads to savings and rational manufacturing compared to if there is a need for a larger assortment of sizes.
• FIG. 9 schematically shows the[0065]absorbent element5,205,305 according to a suitable embodiment. In order to avoid giving rise to annoying chafing in the crotch of the wearer, theabsorbent element5,205,305 has been designed as narrowing in that direction which during use of the article is directed rearwards. A complication with this narrowing design is that the absorbent element is narrowest in that portion which during use of the article is situated substantially in front of the genitals of the wearer, in which portion the demand for absorption capacity is greatest. To avoid the risk of leakage in the narrower portion of the absorbent element to the most practicable degree, the superabsorbent material, according to a suitable embodiment where the superabsorbent material is part of the absorbent element in the form of particles or fibres, has been arranged with an increasing concentration in said narrowing direction. This has been illustrated in FIG. 9 with the number of shown dots in correspondence with a gradient of the number of superabsorbent particles per unit volume of theabsorbent element5 in said direction.
• In FIG. 4 an embodiment is shown where the liquid-impermeable but breathable[0066]outer layer3 consists of a layer of the second piece. According to one embodiment, the liquid-impermeable outer layer is arranged only over the absorbent element, and forms an outer layer of said element. In FIG. 10 a cross section along the line X-X in FIG. 8 is shown, in order to illustrate this. The absorbent element305 is here enclosed in a liquid-permeable layers326, for example of non-woven, and of a liquid-impermeable and at the same time breathable layer327, for example of a perforated plastic film. The two layers326,327 extend beyond the absorbent element305 and a distance around it and are there interconnected. The unit formed by the absorbent element305 and the two layers326 and327 is attached to the second piece302 of the absorbent article, wherein the liquid-permeable layers326 has been connected to the second piece302, as is shown in FIG. 10.
• The invention is not limited to the illustrative embodiments described above, but a number of modifications are possible within the scope of the patent claims below.[0067]
• The absorption unit shown in FIG. 10, consisting of the absorbent element[0068]305 and the layers326 and327, may be replaced with an absorbent foam material in one piece, which foam material is provided with an integral liquid-impermeable and at the same time air-permeable layer.
• In FIG. 10 a separate liquid-impermeable layers[0069]327 of the absorbent element is shown. Within the scope of the invention is also an embodiment where the absorbent element is made up of fibers, possibly with an admixture of SAP, and where the liquid-impermeable and breathable outer layer consists of an outer layer of hydrophobic fibers connected with the absorbent element.
• Within the scope of the present invention are absorbent articles, in which different portions of the article through choices of different materials or degree of perforations, have different degrees of breathability.[0070]
• When the expression liquid-impermeable and breathable has been used in the above text, it also implies that the material in question also is vapor-permeable, but that it does not allow passage of liquid drops.[0071]
• In the above illustrative embodiments, as is evident from FIG. 3, the[0072]side edge portions14,16 of the second piece have been arranged on the outside of theend edge portions13,15 of the first piece. It is, of course, possible to do the reverse, i.e., with theend edge portions13,15 of the first piece farthest out. These two alternatives are to be preferred, even though it is within the scope of the invention to obtain said connection by means of attaching the inside of each of the end edge portions of the first piece to the inside of each side edge portion of the second piece, or by means of connecting corresponding edge portions outside to outside.
• The article according to the invention has turned out to be especially suitable as incontinence shields for men. Other applications, such as menstrual shields or incontinence shields for women, are also conceivable.[0073]
• In the above described illustrative embodiments, the highest absorption capacity per unit area for the narrowest area has been achieved by means of varying the content of superabsorbent material. Another method of achieving higher absorption capacity in the narrowest area is to form the absorbent element with a higher basis weight in this area. This can, for example, be carried out on an absorbent element formed from a fluff pulp of cellulose. Thus, the absorption capacity for an absorbent element of a fluff pulp may also be controlled by varying the density and/or the thickness in different portions.[0074]
• The absorbent element can, of course within the scope of the invention, be formed from other materials, for example absorbent foam materials.[0075]
• Although the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that additions, deletions, modifications, and substitutions not specifically described may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.[0076]

Claims (49)

1. An absorbent article of pants shape, comprising an elastic waist portion, an absorbent element which has a length and a width and is adapted to at least cover the genitals of a wearer when the article is worn, and a liquid-impermeable outer layer which is adapted to enclose the absorbent element on at least a side thereof which faces away from the wearer when the article is worn, the elastic waist portion is made from an elastic first piece which is elongate in an extended state and is adapted to partly surround a trunk of the wearer and to form a rear portion and side portions of the article, a second piece forms part of the article and is adapted to form a front portion and a crotch portion of the article, said second piece is elongate with two opposite end edges and two opposite longitudinal edges, the width of the second piece is, at least in the crotch portion, smaller than a length of the first piece, the second piece is arranged with a longitudinal direction at right angles in relation to a longitudinal direction of the first piece and is connected by a first of the end edges of the second piece to one longitudinal edge of the first piece, centrally thereon, one end portion of the first piece is connected to a first longitudinal edge of the second piece, and an other end portion of the first piece is connected in a corresponding manner to a second longitudinal edge of the second piece, and the absorbent element is in its entirety arranged on the second piece, and at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable outer layer which covers the absorbent element is breathable.

2. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein a length of the second piece is greater than a width of the first piece, and a projecting portion of the second piece formed by a length difference is in its entirety located below the first longitudinal edge of the first piece and there forms the crotch portion.

3. The absorbent article according toclaim 2, wherein said projecting portion has a smaller width than a remainder of the second piece.

4. The absorbent element according toclaim 2, wherein the absorbent element extends in its longitudinal direction over the entire crotch portion and a little way up over the front portion in a direction of a second longitudinal edge of the first piece, which is an upper one during use of the article.

5. The absorbent article according toclaim 2, wherein the absorbent element is arranged so as to extend with its lower end portion only a little way over the crotch portion and over less than half the extent of said projecting portion.

6. The absorbent article according toclaim 5, wherein the absorbent element tapers in the direction of the crotch portion.

7. The absorbent article according toclaim 4, wherein the absorbent element forms a concave shape with its side edge portions in the crotch area.

8. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein said connected end portions of said first piece and the longitudinal edges of the second piece are, before connection, arranged in an overlapping manner, with an inside of an overlapping portion being arranged against an outside of an overlapped portion.

9. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the second piece includes a liquid-permeable inner layer and said liquid-impermeable outer layer, and the absorbent element is arranged between said inner and outer layers, the inner and outer layers extending in a lateral direction and longitudinal direction outside the absorbent element and being interconnected there.

10. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the liquid-impermeable outer layer only covers the absorbent element.

11. The absorbent article according toclaim 10, wherein the absorbent element is made up of fibers and the liquid-impermeable outer layer comprises an outer layer of hydrophobic fibers connected with the absorbent element.

12. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein said outer layer is breathable and has an MTVR-value between of about 200-10000 g/m²/24 h.

13. The absorbent article according toclaim 12, wherein said breathable outer layer has an MTVR-value of about 500-5000 g/m²/24 h.

14. The absorbent article according toclaim 12, wherein said breathable outer layer has an MTVR-value of about of 1000-3000 g/m²/24 h.

15. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the entire second piece is breathable and vapor-permeable.

16. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the first piece is rectangular.

17. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the second piece has a concave portion between the first piece and up to said longitudinal edges of the second piece, wherein the concave portion forms cut-outs for legs of the wearer.

18. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the second piece is, at least along a part of its length, narrowing towards the first piece, wherein the narrowing portion forms cut-outs for legs of the wearer.

19. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the front portion is essentially inelastic.

20. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein elastic members are arranged along the longitudinal edges of the second piece, along at least the crotch portion, for forming of leg elastics, adapted to lie in sealing contact with legs of the wearer.

21. The absorbent article according toclaim 20, wherein the elastic members extend from an area in the rear portion where the elastic first piece and the second piece overlap each other and further along the crotch portion along the longitudinal edges of the second piece in a direction towards the front portion, whereby the elastic members are effectively connected with the elastic first piece.

22. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the liquid-impermeable outer layer is breathable and vapor-permeable and that a rest of the article, over its entire area, is breathable and vapor-permeable.

23. The absorbent article according toclaim 22, wherein different portions of the article due to a choice of different material or degree of perforation have different degrees of breathability.

24. The absorbent article according toclaim 23, wherein the elastic first piece has a higher degree of breathability than the liquid-impermeable outer layer on the second piece.

25. The absorbent article according toclaim 1, wherein the absorbent element comprises superabsorbent material and is continuously narrowing in a direction towards the rear portion of the article and that a concentration of superabsorbent material increases in a same direction.

26. An absorbent article, comprising:

an elastically stretchable first piece having first and second longitudinal edges and first and second end portions, wherein the first and second end portions are shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges;

a second piece having first and second longitudinal edges and first and second end portions, wherein the first and second end portions are shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges;

the first end portion of the second piece is secured to a middle portion of the second longitudinal edge of the first piece so that the first piece extends substantially perpendicular to the second piece;

the first end portion of the first piece is secured to the first longitudinal edge of the second piece and the second end portion of the first piece is secured to the second longitudinal edge of the second piece;

an absorbent element secured to the second piece; and

a liquid-impermeable sheet covering the absorbent element, the absorbent element arranged between the second piece and the liquid impermeable sheet, and at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable sheet covering the absorbent element is vapor-permeable.

27. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, further comprising a sheet of liquid permeable material between the absorbent element and the second piece.

28. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, wherein the first piece is substantially rectangular.

29. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, wherein the second piece is substantially rectangular.

30. The absorbent article ofclaim 28, wherein the second piece is substantially rectangular.

31. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, wherein a portion of the absorbent element is between the first and second end portions of the first piece and a portion of the absorbent element is not between the first and second end portions of the first piece.

32. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, wherein the absorbent element includes superabsorbent materials.

33. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, wherein the absorbent element is hourglass shaped.

34. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, wherein one portion of the second piece is narrower than a remainder of the second portion.

35. The absorbent article ofclaim 34, wherein the one portion is concave in shape and the one portion includes the first end portion.

36. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, further comprising elastics along at least a portion of the longitudinal edges of the second piece.

37. The absorbent article ofclaim 26, wherein all of the liquid-permeable sheet is vapor-permeable.

38. A method of manufacturing an absorbent article of pants shape, the article comprising an elastic waist portion, an absorbent element, which has a length and a width and is adapted to at least cover genitals of a wearer when the article is worn, and a liquid-impermeable outer layer which is adapted to enclose the absorbent element on at least a side thereof which faces away from the wearer, the method comprising:

making said elastic waist portion from an elastic first piece which is essentially rectangular in an extended state and is adapted to partly surround a trunk of the wearer so as to form from the first piece; a rear portion and side portions of the article from the first piece;

forming a front portion and a crotch portion of the article from a second piece, said second piece is elongate with two opposite end portions and two opposite longitudinal edges, a width of the second piece is, at least in the crotch portion, smaller than a length of the first piece;

arranging the second piece with a longitudinal direction at right angles in relation to a longitudinal direction of the first piece and connecting a first end portion of the second piece to one longitudinal edge of the first piece, centrally thereon, connecting one end portion of the first piece to a first longitudinal edge of the second piece, and another end portion of the first piece in a corresponding manner to a second longitudinal edge of the second piece, and wherein at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable outer layer, which portion is intended to cover the absorbent element, is formed from a breathable material.

39 Method according toclaim 38, further comprising arranging the absorbent element in its entirety on the second piece forming part of the article before said second piece is connected to said first piece.

40. Method according toclaim 39, wherein the absorbent element, before being arranged on the second piece, is provided with a liquid-impermeable and breathable layer.

41. A method of manufacturing an absorbent article, comprising:

providing an elastically stretchable first piece having first and second longitudinal edges and first and second end portions, wherein the first and second end portions are shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges;

securing an absorbent element to a second piece of material so that the absorbent element is arranged between the second piece of material and a liquid-impermeable sheet, wherein at least a portion of the liquid-impermeable sheet covering the absorbent element is vapor-permeable;

securing a first end portion of a second piece of material to a middle portion of the second longitudinal edge of the first piece so that the first piece extends substantially perpendicular to the second piece, wherein the second piece has first and second longitudinal edges that are substantially perpendicular to the first end portion and the first end portion is shorter than the first and second longitudinal edges, and wherein the second piece includes an absorbent element; and

securing the first end portion of the first piece to the first longitudinal edge of the second piece and securing the second end portion of the first piece to the second longitudinal edge of the second piece.

42. The method ofclaim 41, wherein the first piece is substantially rectangular.

43. The method ofclaim 41, wherein the second piece is substantially rectangular.

44. The method ofclaim 42, wherein the second piece is substantially rectangular.

45. The method ofclaim 41, wherein a portion of the absorbent element is between the first and second end portions of the first piece and a portion of the absorbent element is not between the first and second end portions of the first piece.

46. The method ofclaim 41, wherein the absorbent element includes superabsorbent materials.

47. The method ofclaim 48, wherein the absorbent element is hourglass shaped.

48. The method ofclaim 41, wherein one portion of the second piece is narrower than a remainder of the second portion.

49. The method ofclaim 48, wherein the one portion is concave in shape and the one portion includes the first end portion.

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