US20030117281A1 - Dynamic control containment unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a dynamic control containment unit for holding a plurality of discrete items, including a signal emitting mechanism associated with each of the plurality of discrete items, an enclosed housing having at least one receptacle accessible by a user and having at least one of the plurality of items contained therein, a passive signal receiving mechanism in communication with the receptacle for receiving signals emanating from the signal emitting mechanism and a securement system configured to prevent unauthorized access to the dynamic control containment unit. A controller is in communication with the signal receiving mechanism and initiates actions based upon the signal content.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/344,920, filed Dec. 21, 2001.[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention[0002]
• The present invention relates generally to control containment systems and apparatus, containing multiple and discrete items and, in particular, to a radio frequency identification system for securely tracking items.[0003]
• 2. Description of Related Art[0004]
• In many industrial and service applications, multiple items must be tracked for a variety of reasons. For example, these items may be tracked so that the user knows when additional items should be obtained or ordered, who is using the items and for what purpose, and for expensive items, a secure tracking system is required. Whether for security purposes or inventory purposes, an identification system must be developed in order to accurately track and manage a large amount of items, typically discrete and small items.[0005]
• Health care delivery institutions, like hospitals, have a large amount of inventory to control throughout their system. Thousands of items move in and out of supply and operating rooms every day, and the system administrators must be sure to know exactly what items are being used, when they are being used, who is using them, and how often. At all times, items must be accounted for, and must be fully stocked.[0006]
• Currently, most hospitals maintain and control their inventory manually by recording it on paper. Items are often ordered on an as-needed basis, as the inventory becomes low. The hospital's materials management department usually must go through the various peripheral supply rooms at the hospital, visually taking note and recording on paper the inventory status of supplies. A purchase order is then sent to the hospital's distributors, requesting more of an item that is low in supply. When the ordered items are received at the hospital's central supply, a materials management person must manually go through and compare every item received versus the packing list. Next, the peripheral supply rooms are restocked with the ordered items from the central supply room.[0007]
• When an item is used during an operation, the nurse or clinician usually removes it from the central or peripheral supply room and records its use on paper. Typically, there is little accountability as to what has been taken, who took it, and how many they took. The current method of maintaining and controlling inventory is both labor intensive and imprecise. In many instances, a nurse must manually record every item that is being used. The information is only as accurate as to what has been recorded. During busy times, the information garnered is inaccurate or the entire process is sometimes skipped.[0008]
• In order to effectively track items, supply cabinets have been developed, which provide inventory, accountability, and security of supplies, e.g., medical supplies. The prior art cabinets utilize manual input systems. To gain access to a cabinet, the user must keypunch on a keyboard their access information, such as a PIN number. A door to the cabinet is unlocked once the internal computer accepts the access information. The supply items are separated into bins by type, and as a user takes out an item, they must also push a button, indicating that they have taken out that item. This action of manual input causes the system to decrement the item from inventory.[0009]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• It is an object of the present invention to provide a dynamic control containment unit for holding a plurality of discrete items, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art. It is another object of the present invention to provide a control containment unit that is capable of securely tracking multiple items, which are added to and removed from the unit from various dynamic, non-predetermined locations. It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a control containment unit that is capable of accurately inventorying its entire contents, as well as the contents of any individual receptacle.[0010]
• The present invention is a dynamic control containment unit for holding a plurality of discrete items, and includes a signal emitting mechanism associated with each of the plurality of discrete items. An enclosed housing, having at least one receptacle accessible by a user, is included, and each receptacle has a plurality of items contained therein. A passive signal receiving mechanism is in communication with the receptacle and receives signals emitted from the signal emitting mechanism. A controller is in communication with the signal receiver mechanism and is able to initiate actions based upon the signal content. The control containment unit also includes a securement system for preventing access to the unit. In a preferred embodiment, the receptacle is a drawer, which is slidable with respect to the housing, such that the receptacle may be slid open, thereby providing access to the items contained in the receptacle. The controller is used to track and manage the inventory contained in the unit. In another preferred embodiment, the receptacle is a shelf, which is recessed within the control containment unit and covered by a door.[0011]
• The present invention, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with the additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of exemplary embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.[0012]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of a dynamic control containment unit according to the present invention;[0013]
• FIG. 2 is an exploded, perspective view of another embodiment of a dynamic control containment unit according to the present invention;[0014]
• FIG. 3 is a logic table illustrating a preferred logic sequence used in operating the dynamic control containment unit of FIG. 1;[0015]
• FIG. 4 is an input/output data table associated with a controller in the dynamic control containment unit of FIG. 1; and[0016]
• FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a further preferred embodiment of a dynamic control containment unit according to the present invention.[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
• The present invention is a dynamic[0018]control containment unit10 for holding multiple,discrete items12 and is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Each of theitems12 has asignal emitting mechanism14 associated with it. The control containment unit includes ahousing16 havingmultiple receptacles18, which are accessible to a user. Theitems12 and their associatedsignal emitting mechanisms14 are contained in thereceptacle18. The control containment unit is dynamic, in that theitems12 can be placed in any position in anyreceptacle18. Therefore, theitems12 do not have to be placed in predetermined locations orreceptacles18, such as assigned bins or the like.
• A passive[0019]signal receiving mechanism20 is in communication with thereceptacles18 and receivessignals22 emanating from thesignal emitting mechanisms14. Acontroller24 is in communication with thesignal receiving mechanism20 and is able to initiate various actions based upon the content of thesignals22 received by thesignal receiving mechanism20. Thereceptacle18 could be a drawer, a shelf, a box, a container, etc. Further, theitems12 could be objects, supplies, assets, instruments, etc.
• In a preferred embodiment, the[0020]receptacle18 is adrawer26. Thisdrawer26 is slidable with respect to thehousing16, such that it may be slid open and provide access to theitems12 contained therein. In this preferred embodiment, thesignal emitting mechanisms14 are radio frequency identification (RF/ID)transponders28. Each of these RF/ID transponders28 are attached to or associated with anindividual item12. Further, each of these RF/ID transponders28 emit asignal22, which is unique to theitem12 to which the RF/ID transponder28 is attached to or associated with. After the RF/ID transponder28 has been attached or associated with theitem12, it is placed in thereceptacle18 ordrawer26. While the preferred embodiment illustrates three item-containing drawers, any number ofdrawers26 may be utilized, and the number ofdrawers26 would not effect the functionality of thecontrol containment unit10.
• In a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the[0021]signal receiving mechanism20 is anantenna30, which is capable of receiving the radio frequency signals22 emanating from the RF/ID transponders28. While asingle antenna30 may be placed underneath thedrawer26, as illustrated in FIG. 2, in the preferred embodiment, twoantennas30 are used, oneantenna30 immediately above thedrawer26, and oneantenna30 immediately below thedrawer26. This allows for greater accuracy in receiving thesignals22 from thesignal emitting mechanisms14 or RF/ID transponders28. When thedrawer26 is in the closed position, the items12 (and subsequently the RF/ID transponders28) are positioned in thecontrol containment unit10, such that they are located in theantenna30 field. The RF/ID transponders28 are energized by the antenna field and emit aradio frequency signal22 corresponding to its unique identification, typically an identification number. Thesignals22 are picked up by theantenna30 and communicated to thecontroller24. While thesignals22 emanating from thesignal emitting mechanisms20 typically have a characteristic unique to aspecific item12, it is also envisioned that thesignal emitting mechanisms20 may emitsignals22 unique to a group, set, or other association ofmultiple items12. In addition, in this preferred embodiment, the twoantennas30 are positioned, such that they are dedicated to receivingsignals22 emanating from an assignedreceptacle18 ordrawer26. This arrangement allows thesignal receiving mechanism20 to passively receive thesignals22, as opposed to necessitating the specific movement of anitem12 across a stationary reading device.
• The[0022]controller24 is in communication with atuning mechanism32. Thistuning mechanism32 is used to set a frequency parameter of thesignal receiving method20 orantenna30. Thereceptacle18 ordrawer26 could also have an associated indicator light (not shown), possibly on its outside surface, to indicate exactly which receptacle18 the user has access to.
• In the preferred embodiment the[0023]controller24 includes amultiplexor mechanism34, which is in communication with thesignal receiving mechanism20 orantenna30 and provides an output signal corresponding to thesignal22 received by thesignal receiving mechanism20. Themultiplexor mechanism34 is also in communication with asignal reader mechanism36. This signal reader mechanism provides an output signal corresponding to the signal received by themultiplexor mechanism34.
• An input/[0024]output mechanism38 is in communication with themultiplexor mechanism34 and/or thesignal reader mechanism36 and translates output signals into digital output signals. Acentral control device40 is in communication with the input/output mechanism38 and receives, processes, and transmits signals, as well as initiates actions, based upon the digital output signals received from the input/output mechanism38.
• The[0025]signals22 received by theantennas30 are sent through themultiplexor mechanism34 to thesignal reader mechanism36, which is an internally-located RF/ID reader. Themultiplexor mechanism34 collects signals from more than oneantenna30 and communicates with a singlesignal reader mechanism36. In addition, themultiplexor mechanism34 allows eachantenna30 to be uniquely addressable and subsequently individually control by thecontroller24. Thesignal reader mechanism36 decodes the signal, and communicates this decoded signal to thecentral control device40 via the input/output mechanism38. Next, thecentral control device40 identifies thesignals22, associates thesignals22 with thecorrect items12 and logs the identification of theitems12 into an inventory database, maintained on thecentral control device40.
• The[0026]controller24 also includes apower control module42, which is in communication with the input/output mechanism38. Thispower control module42 provides specified power outputs at specified power levels to the various components of thecontroller24. Further, thepower control module42 may be operated or activated by asingle power switch44. Therefore, a user need only operate asingle power switch44 to power all the various components of thecontroller24 and thecontrol containment unit10. Thecontrol containment unit10 may also include abackup power module46 in communication with the input/output mechanism38 in order to supply power in the event of an electronic power failure.
• The[0027]central control device40 may be a programmable microchip, a microcontroller, a personal computer, a hand-held computer, a terminal, a network computing device, etc. When used in a network relationship, thecentral control device40 communicates with anetwork48, which would allow a user or system administrator to administrate, control and manage multiplecontrol containment units10 throughout a building.
• In the preferred embodiment, the[0028]control containment unit10 includes aswitch mechanism50, which is in operable communication with thereceptacle18 ordrawer26. As a user is opening aparticular drawer26, theswitch mechanism50 moves to an open position, and indicates to thecentral control device40 via the input/output mechanism38, that it has been opened. Thecentral control device40, or software contained thereon, sends signals to themultiplexor mechanism34, commanding it to begin reading input from theantennas30 associated with theparticular drawer26 that has been opened. By comparing the inventory of thedrawer26 before and after it was opened, thecentral control device40 may identifyitems12 removed from thedrawer26. Thecontrol containment unit10 includes adisplay mechanism52 in communication with thecentral control device40 for providing a visual display to a user. It is envisioned that various information may be displayed to the user, whether in graphical or textual format, on thedisplay mechanism52. For example, thedisplay mechanism52 may display an action initiated by thecentral control device40, a use history, anitem12 history, a user history, user data,item12 data, inventory data,receptacle18 ordrawer26 data,control containment unit10 data, areceptacle18 ordrawer26 inventory, acontrol containment unit10 inventory, etc. In a preferred embodiment, thedisplay mechanism52 is located on thehousing16 at an area easily viewable by a user. However, thedisplay mechanism52 may be a monitor positioned on or adjacent thecontrol containment unit10.
• The[0029]control containment unit10 also may include aprinter mechanism54, which is in communication with thecentral control device40, for providing visual printouts corresponding to the information processed by thecentral control device40. For example, any of the information discussed above in connection with thedisplay mechanism52 may also be printed out in a physical format by theprinter mechanism54.
• The[0030]control containment unit10 also has aninput mechanism56 in communication with thecentral control device40 and capable of receiving user input and transmitting user input signals to thecentral control device40. Theinput mechanism56 may be a keypad, a touch display, a personal computing device, a hand-held computing device, a magnetic reading device, a radio frequency identification reading device, a bar code reading device, a light pen, a keyboard, a mouse, a terminal, voice activation/verification, biometric readers, etc. In the preferred embodiment, theinput mechanism56 is positioned adjacent or near thedisplay mechanism52, thereby allowing a user to visually see his or her input as theinput mechanism56 receives the data. As with thedisplay mechanism52, theinput mechanism56 is positioned at a convenient area, easily accessible by many users. Theinput mechanism56 may also be in communication with anantenna30, which would allow a user to provide initial radio frequency identification signals for eachitem12 to thecentral control device40.
• In the preferred embodiment, each[0031]antenna30, which receives the radio frequency signals22 emanating from thesignal emitting mechanism20 or the RF/ID transponders28 is positioned adjacent thedrawer26 by acentral panel element58. As seen in FIG. 2, theantenna30 is rested upon thecentral panel element58 when used in connection with thebottom antenna30, and is attached to thecentral panel element58 when used in connection with thetop antenna30. On a side opposite theantenna30 of thecentral panel element58, a shieldingelement60 is attached. The shieldingelement60 prevents signals from passing therethrough. This preventsitems12 inother drawers26 located above or below theobject drawer26 from being read during the reading process. This will prevent confusion by thecentral control device40 and isolation of eachindividual drawer26. Not only may eachdrawer26 have shieldingelement60 associated with it, thecontrol containment unit10, and specifically thehousing16, may also include a shieldingelement60. This would ensure that signals emanating from all of thedrawers26 would not pass through thehousing16 of thecontrol containment unit10.
• The[0032]control containment unit10 includes alock mechanism62, associated with eachdrawer26. These lockmechanisms62 are in communication with thecentral control device40 via the input/output mechanism38 and serve to prevent access to thedrawer26 based upon action signals sent bycentral control device40. In the preferred embodiment, thelock mechanism62 aremagnetic locks64, which based upon signals received from thecentral control device40, may activate and attract a portion of thedrawer26. This would prevent thedrawer26 from sliding and providing access to an unauthorized user. It is thislock mechanism62, together with the user authorization and control system, that create a securement system. The securement system, therefore, prevents any unauthorized access to thecontrol containment unit10. It is also envisioned that a physical master key is provided and capable of allowing authorized access to thecontrol containment unit10 during a power outage or other emergency situation.
• The[0033]signal emitting mechanism14, in the form of an RF/ID transponder28, may be a tag or label affixed to eachitem12. As discussed above, this tag or label would emit a unique signal corresponding to the identity of theitem12. In order to provide initial input to thecentral control device40 of theitem12 identity, theinput mechanism56 may include arecognition signal receiver66 in communication with thecentral control device40. Thisrecognition signal receiver66 may receive initial input signals corresponding to the identity of theitems12. As seen in FIG. 2, in another embodiment, therecognition signal receiver66 is anantenna30 located on thecontrol containment unit10. Thisantenna30 would serve two purposes. First, thisantenna30 increases utility administration. As the RF/ID transponder28 is affixed to anitem12, the RF/ID transponder28 is read and its unique identification must be associated with thatparticular item12. This will allow theitem12 to be identified later when the RF/ID transponder28 is read in thedrawers26.
• The second purpose of this[0034]antenna30 is to allow selective access to thecontrol containment unit10 and itsdrawers26 as part of the securement system. Depending upon the configuration of thecontrol containment unit10, a user may have an identification badge, also affixed with an RF/ID tag, which they may wave over theantenna30, therecognition signal receiver66 and/or theinput mechanism56. As a unique identification of the RF/ID tag is read, thecentral control device40 identifies the tag user with a list of those who have access to thecontrol containment unit10 or thespecific drawer26. If there is a match, thecentral control device40 sends a signal to thelock mechanism62 via the input/output mechanism38 in a relay to unlock all of thedrawers26 or aspecific drawer26.
• All of the[0035]display mechanism52,input mechanism56,central control device40, input/output mechanism38,signal reader mechanism36,multiplexor mechanism34 andpower control module42 are housed within thecontrol containment unit10 and, in a preferred embodiment, in a topslidable drawer26. This would allow a user access to the components for programming, repair and maintenance.
• The[0036]control containment unit10 may also include an associatedpersonal computing device68 associated with thecentral control device40 or in place of thecentral control device40. In addition, thepersonal computing device68 may have a personal computingdevice input mechanism70 for providing data input into thepersonal computing device68. Thispersonal computing device68 would allow a user or administrator to interact with software on thepersonal computing device68 for controlling thecontrol containment unit10 or directly with thecentral control device40 in thedrawer26 of thecontrol containment unit10. Further, thispersonal computing device68 may have functionality, such that it can program, modify, maintain and otherwise control thecentral control device40 in thecontrol containment unit10. Further, in order to provide easy movement of a specificcontrol containment unit10 to a different area in a building, thecontrol containment unit10 may havewheels72 attached to thehousing16 for easy movement.
• FIG. 3 details a logic table and sequences for different conditions, together with what is transmitted and written through the input/[0037]output mechanism38 and read from the input/output mechanism38. FIG. 4 is in input/output data table for describing the conditions and what input data and output data are provided in communications in thecontroller24.
• In a further preferred embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the[0038]control containment unit10 and, in particular, thehousing16, may take the form of a cabinet with multiple access points. In this embodiment, thereceptacle18 is a shelf and, as described above, each shelf would have one ormore antennas30 for receivingsignals22 from thesignal emitting mechanisms14 attached to theitems12. However, as thereceptacles18 are not drawers, as in the previous embodiment, adoor74 or other cover is used to prevent and/or control access to thereceptacles18. It is envisioned that the door would have ahandle76 to allow a user to open thedoor74.
• As seen in FIG. 5, the[0039]control containment unit10 hasmultiple doors74, with eachdoor74 coveringmultiple receptacles18 in the form of shelving. Upon accessing or opening adoor74, thesignal receiving mechanism20 would be activated in order to read thesignals22 emitted from thesignal emitting mechanism14 on theitems12. After thedoor74 is closed, again thesignal receiving mechanism20 would receivesignals22 from thesignal emitting mechanism14 on theitems12 in order to determine whatitems12 have been taken from thereceptacle18.
• As discussed above, the securement system ensures that a user would need to gain authorization from the[0040]control containment unit10 in order to gain access to one or more of thereceptacles18 behind thedoor74. Users could be grouped in access levels or authorization levels. In order to further enhance security, thedoors74 may have an automatic closing device, which would shut and open adoor74 after a certain period of time elapses. In addition, thedoors74 could have an urging mechanism, which would simply urge thedoor74 in a closed position when released. In this embodiment, it is thedoor74 that would have an associatedlock mechanism62, for preventing access, as opposed to eachindividual drawer26 described above in connection with the previous embodiment.
• FIG. 5 illustrates this preferred embodiment with one of the[0041]doors74 removed, as well as adoor74 covering thecontroller24 also removed. In this embodiment, and due to the number of signal receiving mechanisms20 (or antennas30), multiplemultiplexor mechanisms34 could be utilized. For example, for each row or column ofreceptacles18 or groups ofreceptacles18, asingle multiplexor mechanism34 could be used. This would increase the speed and control ofsignal22 and information processing. If multiplemultiplexor mechanisms34 are used, each of thesemultiplexor mechanisms34 would be in communication with a main orcentral multiplexor mechanism34, which would operate as described hereinabove in connection with the previous embodiment.
• It is also envisioned that the[0042]control containment unit10 described above could take the form of a room. In this case, a user would need to gain access to the room, and possibly only certain portions of the room, and would removeitems12 from receptacles18 (such as shelving) placed throughout the room. In essence, the room would function as a giant cabinet or controlcontainment unit10 described hereinabove. Obviously, whether in the form of a cabinet or a room, thecontrol containment unit10 would preferably have one, and typically multiple, shieldingelements60 to prevent emanation ofsignals22 from exiting the area.
EXAMPLE
• The present invention is particularly useful in the field of medicine, and, in particular, at hospitals. In a hospital application, the[0043]items12 are typically medical items, such as containers of medicine, medical devices, etc. A specific example of the use of thecontrol containment unit10 in connection with a hospital follows.
• [0044]Items12 are received from a distributor or manufacturer at the hospital's central supply room, with the RF/ID transponder28, in the form of a tag or label, already affixed to theitem12, using a set tag-to-item association scheme. If theitem12 arrives with no RF/ID transponder28 attached, hospital employees can affix the RF/ID transponder28 themselves and perform the tag-to-item association using theinput mechanism56 orrecognition signal receiver66 located on thehousing16. The employee then waves his or her RF/ID badge over theinput mechanism56 orrecognition signal receiver66, thereby causing thedrawers26 of thecontrol containment unit10 to open. Theitems12 are then placed inside thedrawers26 and closed. As soon as thedrawers26 are closed, thecontroller24 performs a comparison between the inventories of thedrawer26 before and after it was opened to determine who placed what items inside. The inventorying is done automatically by thecentral control device40.
• During operational use, nurses or clinicians wave their RF/ID badge over the[0045]input mechanism56 orrecognition signal receiver66, thereby unlocking thecontrol containment unit10. They may then open thedrawers26 to which they have authorized access and take whateveritems12 they need. There is no need for nurses or clinicians to keypunch an access code or press a button to indicate that they have taken anitem12. As soon as thedrawers26 are closed,items12 removed from thedrawers26 are automatically associated with the person who just opened thedrawer26. Thecontroller24 orcentral control device40 then subtracts theitems12 from the inventory.
• During idle periods, the[0046]controller24 performs inventories at set intervals. If aparticular item12 inventory is below a set par level, thecontroller24 may send a message to the hospital's billing and purchasing system to purchase more of thatparticular item12 over thenetwork28.
• In this manner, the present invention provides a[0047]control containment unit10, such as a cabinet, utilizing RF/ID technologies to dispense supplies with security and accountability, without the need for any data entry. The present invention has many advantages over existing devices and methods for controlling inventory. The first advantage is its security and accountability features, as compared to current systems. Thecontroller24 or controller software not only provide access to a set group of people, but knows exactly what they have taken. Prior art paper-based systems typically have minimal or no security involved, or are difficult to implement. Although prior art solutions provide some security, the user must “keypunch” in their access code. Also, prior art solutions do not provide “real” inventory levels, instead providing a “calculated” virtual inventory level, based upon actions, such as pushing a button. If the user takes out twoitems12, but only pushes the button for one, there is no way to detect this error. The present invention performs a “true” inventory of thecontrol containment unit10.
• Another advantage of the present invention is reduction in errors involved in performing inventory. With paper-based systems, the information is only as good as the writer's accuracy. If nurses or clinicians are busy, the inventory information can often be erroneous. As mentioned above, the push-button system can also have these errors.[0048]
• Yet another advantage of the present invention is the speed to perform inventory and to place[0049]items12 into inventory. A user can perform a “true” inventory of all theitems12 in the cabinet in a matter of seconds, instead of hours using the paper-based system. Anitem12 can be placed into inventory by simply putting it inside thedrawers26. Since no manual data entry is required, the labor savings can be tremendous.
• Another advantage is the true real-time and dynamic inventory capability. The[0050]controller24 or software control system can be set to perform inventory at regular intervals, down to the second. Another advantage is that par levels can be maintained with this invention. As soon as thecontrol containment unit10 detects a low supply of acertain item12 in adrawer26, alerts or messages can be sent to the hospital purchasing system or to a system administrator. The present invention also provides for the auto return ofitems12. If a user takes out twoitems12 but only uses one, theitem12 can be put into inventory by simply placing it back into thedrawer26. There is no data entry required. Thecontroller24 automatically detects who returned whatitem12 back into whichdrawer26.
• This invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. Obvious modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the preceding detailed description. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations.[0051]

Claims (34)

We claim:

1. A dynamic control containment unit for holding a plurality of discrete items, comprising:

a signal emitting mechanism associated with each of the plurality of discrete items;

an enclosed housing having at least one receptacle accessible by a user, at least one of the plurality of items contained therein;

a passive signal receiving mechanism in communication with the at least one receptacle and configured to receive signals emitted from the signal emitting mechanism; and

a controller in communication with the signal receiving mechanism and configured to initiate an action based upon the signal content; and

a securement system configured to prevent unauthorized access to the dynamic control containment unit.

2. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the receptacle is a drawer slidable with respect to the housing, such that the receptacle may be slid open, thereby providing access to the at least one item contained in the receptacle.

3. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the signal receiving mechanism is an antenna configured to receive radio frequency signals emitted by the signal emitting mechanism and the signal emitting mechanism is a radio frequency identification transponder.

4. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the signal emitted by the signal emitting mechanism is a signal having a characteristic unique to one of the at least one plurality of items and a group of related items.

5. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the signal receiving mechanism is positioned immediately adjacent the at least one receptacle and dedicated to receiving signals emanating from an assigned receptacle.

6. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the signal receiving mechanism comprises two antenna mechanisms positioned immediately above and immediately below the at least one receptacle and dedicated to receiving signals emanating from an assigned receptacle.

7. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising a tuning mechanism configured to set a frequency parameter of the signal receiving mechanism.

8. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the controller comprises:

a multiplexor mechanism in communication with the signal receiving mechanism and configured to provide an output signal corresponding to the signal received by the signal receiving mechanism;

a signal reader mechanism in communication with the multiplexor mechanism and configured to provide an output signal corresponding to the signal received by the multiplexor mechanism;

an input/output mechanism in communication with at least one of the multiplexor mechanism and the signal reader mechanism and configured to translate at least one output signal into at least one digital output signal; and

a central control device in communication with the input/output mechanism and configured to receive, process and transmit signals and initiate an action based upon the at least one digital output signal received from the input/output mechanism.

9. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 8, wherein the controller includes a power control module in communication with the input/output mechanism and configured to provide specified power outputs at specified power levels.

10. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 9, further comprising a backup power module in communication with the input/output mechanism and configured to supply power in the event of an electronic power failure.

11. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 8, wherein the central control device is one of a programmable microchip, a microcontroller, a personal computer, a hand-held computer, a terminal and a networked computing device.

12. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising a switch mechanism in operable communication with the receptacle, such that, when the receptacle is moved away from the switch mechanism, a signal is transmitted to the controller, which instructs the signal receiving mechanism to begin reading a signal emanating from the signal emitting mechanism.

13. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising a display mechanism in communication with the controller and configured to provide a visual display to a user corresponding to one of an action initiated by the controller, a use history, an item history, a user history, user data, item data, inventory data, receptacle data, control containment unit data, a receptacle inventory and a control containment unit inventory.

14. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising a printer mechanism in communication with the controller and configured to provide a visual printout corresponding to one of an action initiated by the controller, a use history, an item history, a user history, user data, item data, inventory data, receptacle data, control containment unit data, a receptacle inventory and a control containment unit inventory.

15. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the signal receiving mechanism is at least one antenna configured to receive radio frequency signals emanating from the signal emitting mechanism.

16. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the signal receiving mechanism comprises:

at least one antenna configured to receive radio frequency signals emanating from the signal emitting mechanism;

a central panel element configured to removably position the antenna adjacent the receptacle; and

a shielding element positioned adjacent the central panel element and configured to prevent signals from passing through the shielding element.

17. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising an input mechanism in communication with the controller and configured to receive user input and transmit user input signals to the controller.

18. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 17, wherein the input mechanism is one of a keypad, a touch display, a personal computing device, a hand-held computing device, a magnetic reading device, a radio frequency identification reading device, a bar code reading device, a light pen, a keyboard, a mouse, a terminal, a voice activation/verification system, and a biometric device.

19. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the securement system includes a lock mechanism configured to prevent access to the receptacle based upon an action signal emitted from the controller.

20. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 19, wherein the receptacle is a drawer slidable with respect to the housing, such that the receptacle may be slid open, thereby providing access to the at least one item container in the drawer; and wherein the lock mechanism comprises a magnet element configured to attract a portion of the drawer, thereby preventing the drawer from sliding.

21. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the signal emitting mechanism is one of a tag and a label affixed to each item and configured to emit a unique signal corresponding the identity of the item.

22. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising a plurality of shielding elements associated with the receptacle and configured to prevent signals emanating from the signal emitting mechanism to pass through the plurality of shielding elements.

23. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising a plurality of shielding elements positioned adjacent at least one receptacle surface and at least one housing surface and configured to prevent signals emanating from the signal emitting mechanism to pass through the plurality of shielding elements.

24. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the housing is in the form of a cabinet having a plurality of receptacles, each of the plurality of receptacles is a drawer slidable with respect to the housing, such that the drawer may be slid open, thereby providing access to the at least one item contained in the drawer.

25. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, further comprising a recognition signal receiver in communication with the controller and configured to receive initial input signals corresponding to the plurality of items.

26. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the controller includes a control program configured to receive, process and transmit signals and initiate actions based upon the signal content.

27. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the plurality of items are medical items.

28. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 27, wherein the medical items are one of a container of medicine and a medical device.

29. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the receptacle is a shelf positioned within the housing and at least partially positioned behind a cover, thereby providing access to the at least one item contained in the receptacle via access through the cover.

30. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 29, wherein the cover is a door hingedly connected to a portion of the housing, such that the door is openable and closeable with respect to the housing.

31. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 29, wherein at least one cover is positioned to prevent access to at least one shelf.

32. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 29, wherein the securement system includes a lock mechanism in communication with the cover and configured to prevent access to the receptacle based upon an action signal emitted from the controller.

33. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 32, wherein the lock mechanism comprises a magnet element configured to attract a portion of the cover, thereby preventing the cover from moving.

34. The dynamic control containment unit ofclaim 1, wherein the housing is in the form of a cabinet having a plurality of receptacles, each of the plurality of receptacles is a shelf positioned within the housing, and each of the plurality of receptacles is at least partially obstructed by a moveable cover, thereby providing access to the at least one item contained on the shelf only upon appropriate access through the cover.

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