US20030105515A1 - Stent designs - Google Patents

Abstract

A stent may be constructed comprising a plurality of interconnected circumferential bands each bands comprising a plurality of concave and/or convex M-shaped segments joined together by loops.

Description

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
• The use of stents in bodily lumen is well known. A stent is typically delivered in an unexpanded state to a desired location in a bodily lumen and then expanded. The stent may be expanded via the use of mechanical device such as a balloon or the stent may be self-expanding.[0001]
• Because a stent often must be delivered through tortuous anatomy, it is desirable for the stent to be flexible. It is also desirable for the stent to exhibit high scaffolding strength in the expanded state. In general, however, as stent flexibility is increased, scaffolding strength is decreased and similarly, as scaffolding strength is increased, flexibility is decreased.[0002]
• There remains a need for a stent having a high degree of flexibility in the unexpanded state and high scaffolding strength in the expanded state.[0003]
• All US patents and applications and all other published documents mentioned anywhere in this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.[0004]
• The invention in various of its embodiment is summarized below. Additional details of the invention and/or additional embodiments of the invention may be found in the Detailed Description of the Invention below.[0005]
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
• In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent comprising a plurality of interconnected circumferential bands with a flowpath therethrough. At least one of the bands includes at least one substantially M-shaped segment selected from the group consisting of convex M-shaped segments and concave M-shaped segments. In the case of a convex M-shaped segment, the segment comprises a first convex outer leg, a second convex outer leg and a connector connecting the first convex outer leg and the second convex outer leg. In the case of a concave M-shaped segment, the segment comprises a first concave outer leg, a second concave outer leg and a connector connecting the first concave outer leg and the second concave outer leg.[0006]
• Desirably, the at least one band comprises a plurality of M-shaped segments whether convex, concave or both. Where present, adjacent convex M-shaped segments may be interconnected via a loop extending therebetween. The loop may optionally comprise a concave first portion and a concave second portion. Where present, adjacent concave M-shaped segments may be interconnected via a loop extending therebetween. The loop may optionally comprise a convex first portion and a convex second portion. Where convex M-shaped segments are present in multiple bands, they may optionally be inverted relative to one another in adjacent bands. Similarly, where concave M-shaped segments are present in multiple bands, they may optionally be inverted relative to one another in adjacent bands.[0007]
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent comprising a plurality of connected bands. At least one of the bands comprises a repeating pattern of three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a first curvature and three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a second curvature. One of the segments with the first curvature is connected to one of the segments with the second curvature. Desirably, the first curvature is opposite to the second curvature. Also desirably, the stent comprises a plurality of the bands with each band comprising a repeating pattern of three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a first curvature and three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a second curvature, one of the segments of the first curvature connected to one of the segments with the second curvature.[0008]
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent comprising a plurality of interconnected circumferential bands where at least one of the bands has a proximal end and a distal end and one of the proximal and distal ends comprises at least one first loop and at least one second loop. The first loop includes a portion which is disposed substantially circumferentially and the second loop includes a portion which is substantially arrow shaped. Desirably, at least one of the bands comprises a plurality of first and second loops alternating with one another. Also desirably, the stent comprises a plurality of such bands. Adjacent bands may be connected one to the other to form combined bands with openings therein.[0009]
• The invention is also directed to a stent comprising at least one first cell having a first end and a second end. The first end terminates in a circumferential component and the second end terminates in an arrow-shaped component opposite the first end. The stent may comprise a plurality of such interconnected first cells. Desirably, the first cells are interconnected circumferentially about the stent and/or longitudinally along the length of the stent.[0010]
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent comprising a plurality of serpentine bands extending in a longitudinal direction, including a first serpentine band and a second serpentine band. The first and second serpentine bands are connected by at least one loop member and desirably a plurality of loop members extending in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent. All or some of the longitudinally adjacent first loop members may open toward the proximal end of the stent. Optionally, longitudinally adjacent first loop members may be oppositely oriented about the longitudinal axis of the stent. The stent may comprise additional serpentine bands extending in a longitudinal direction and connected to adjacent serpentine bands via additional first loop members.[0011]
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent comprising at least one first cell comprising a first generally longitudinal sidewall having at least one bend therein, a second generally longitudinal sidewall having at least one bend therein, wherein the first generally longitudinal sidewall is substantially parallel to the second generally longitudinal sidewall, a proximal wall having at least one loop therein, the loop oriented non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent and a distal wall having at least one loop therein, the loop oriented non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent. Desirably, the stent comprises a plurality of such cells arranged longitudinally and/or circumferentially about the stent. All of the loops in the proximal walls of the cells and all of the loops in the distal walls of the cells may be substantially parallel to one another or may be non-parallel to one another.[0012]
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent comprising a plurality of bands, where each band comprises a plurality of distally directed loops and a plurality of proximally directed loops. Each distally directed loop has an open end and a closed end and each proximally directed loop has an open end and a closed end. The proximally directed loops and the distally directed loops are nonparallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent and alternate around the band. Optionally, the proximally directed loops and the distally directed loops may be parallel to one another. Circumferentially adjacent proximally directed loops and distally directed loops are connected to one another by first connectors which extend from the open end of the proximally directed loops to the open end of the distally directed loops. The first connectors include a circumferential component. Bands which are adjacent one another are connected by one or more second connectors extending therebetween. The second connectors desirably have at least one bend therein.[0013]
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent defined by a structure comprising a plurality of serpentine portions. Each serpentine portion has at least one peak and one trough. At least some of the serpentine portions advance discontinuously in a helical path about a longitudinal axis of the stent to form a discontinuous helical band. The serpentine portions may also be arranged such that at least some of the serpentine portions advance discontinuously in a substantially longitudinal path about a longitudinal axis of the stent to form a discontinuousband extending substantially in a lengthwise direction. Desirably, each of the serpentine portions forming the discontinuous band consists of one peak and one trough where the peak and trough are disposed at a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the stent. Also desirably, the serpentine portions may be arranged to form a plurality of discontinuous helical bands or discontinuous bands extending substantially in a lengthwise direction. All of the serpentine portions may be connected so as to form a continuous path extending from one end of the stent to the other end of the stent.[0014]
• In yet another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent comprising a meandering path of connected serpentine portions, each serpentine portion comprising first and second loop portions which are arranged side-by-side and have a side in common. The first and second loop portions each open in a non-longitudinal direction. Adjacent serpentine portions along the meandering path are connected by a connector having a longitudinal component and a circumferential component. Furthermore, adjacent serpentine portions along the meandering path are displaced longitudinally and circumferentially from one another. The serpentine portions may be arranged in at least one discontinuous band extending in a substantially longitudinal direction or the discontinuous band may extend substantially helically about a longitudinal axis of the stent. Desirably, each serpentine portion consists of a first loop and a second loop.[0015]
• The invention is also directed to a stent comprising a meandering, substantially helical path of connected serpentine portions where each serpentine portion comprises first and second loop portions which are arranged side-by-side and have a side in common. The first and second loop portions each open in a non-longitudinal direction. The serpentine portions may optionally be arranged in at least one discontinuous band extending in a substantially longitudinal direction or in at least one discontinuous band extending substantially helically about a longitudinal axis of the stent.[0016]
• The invention is further directed to a stent comprising at least one and desirably a plurality of omega building blocks. The omega building block comprises a circumferentially oriented omega-shaped loop, a substantially proximally oriented first lobe extending from the proximal end of the omega-shaped loop and a substantially distally oriented first lobe extending from the distal end of the omega-shaped loop. Where a plurality of omega building blocks are present, the omega building blocks are desirably arranged in one or more bands extending in a lengthwise direction. Longitudinally adjacent omega building blocks in the band extending in a lengthwise direction are connected by dual lobe members. Each dual lobe member comprises a substantially proximally oriented second lobe and a substantially distally oriented second lobe connected to the substantially proximally oriented second lobe. The substantially proximally oriented second lobe is at the proximal end of the dual lobe member and the substantially distally oriented second lobe is at the distal end of the dual lobe member. The substantially distally oriented first lobe of an omega building block is arranged side by side and has a side in common with the substantially proximally oriented second lobe of a dual lobe member and the substantially proximally oriented first lobe of a longitudinally adjacent omega building block is arranged side by side and has a side in common with the substantially distally oriented second lobe of the dual lobe member. At least one and desirably a plurality and more desirably all of the omega shaped loops are connected circumferentially to circumferentially adjacent dual lobe members between the substantially proximally oriented second lobe and the substantially distally oriented second lobe.[0017]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 illustrates a plan view of an expandable stent in accordance with the present invention;[0018]
• FIGS. 2[0019]a-fillustrates various connectors which may be used in the inventive stent disclosed herein;
• FIG. 3 illustrates a plan view of an expandable stent in accordance with the present invention;[0020]
• FIG. 4 illustrates a plan view of another inventive stent;[0021]
• FIG. 5 illustrates a plan view of another inventive stent;[0022]
• FIG. 6 illustrates a plan view of another inventive stent;[0023]
• FIG. 7 illustrates a plan view of another inventive stent;[0024]
• FIG. 8 illustrates a plan view of another inventive stent;[0025]
• FIG. 9 illustrates a plan view of another inventive stent; and[0026]
• FIG. 10 illustrates a plan view of another inventive stent.[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein specific preferred embodiments of the invention. This description is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments illustrated.[0028]
• In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent such as that shown generally at[0029]100 in FIG. 1.Stent100, shown as a flat pattern in FIG. 1, has aproximal end102 and adistal end104.Stent100 comprises a plurality of interconnectedcircumferential bands106 and108 with a flowpath therethrough.Bands106 are comprised of connected convex M-shaped segments110 (shown highlighted) andbands108 are comprised of connected convex M-shaped segments112 (shown highlighted). Convex M-shapedsegments112 are inverted relative to convex M-shapedsegments110.Bands106 and108 alternate over the length of the stent and adjacent bands are connected to one another. As shown in FIG. 1, anupper corner114 of convex M-shapedsegment110 is connected to anupper corner116 of convex M-shapedsegment112 viaconnector118. Adjacent bands may also be connected by othersuitable connectors118 such as those shown in FIGS. 2a-f. The connectors may extend exclusively in a longitudinal direction or may include a circumferential component as shown in FIG. 1 and as described in copending, commonly assigned U.S. application Ser. Nos. 08/511,076 and 09/197,278. Adjacent bands may be connected by a plurality of connectors as shown in FIG. 1 or by a single connector.
• Convex M-shaped[0030]segment110 comprises a first convexouter leg120, a second convexouter leg122 and a connector connecting124 first convexouter leg120 and second convexouter leg122. Inverted convex M-shapedsegments112 similarly comprise a first convex outer leg, a second convex outer leg and a connector connecting the first convex outer leg and the second convex outer leg.
• Adjacent convex M-shaped segments in a band are connected by a[0031]loop126 comprising afirst portion128 and asecond portion130.First portion128 is connected to a firstconcave leg120 of a first convex M-shaped segment andsecond portion130 is connected to a secondconcave leg122 of an adjacent convex M-shaped segment.
• Desirably, as shown in FIG. 1,[0032]first portion128 is substantially parallel to firstconcave leg120 of the convex M-shaped segment andsecond portion130 is substantially parallel to secondconcave leg122 of the adjacent convex M-shaped segment.
• The invention also contemplates other shaped loops. Moreover, the invention contemplates connecting adjacent M-shaped segments in a band with other types of connectors including any of those shown in FIGS. 2[0033]a-fand those described in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/197,278. Such connectors may extend in a purely circumferential direction between points on adjacent M-shaped segments in a band, whether at the proximal or distal ends of the first and second legs of an M-shaped segment, the center or anywhere else along the first and second legs. The connectors may also include a longitudinal component.
• The invention is also directed to a stent having at least one concave M-shaped segment with concave legs as shown at[0034]111 in FIG. 1. Concave M-shapedsegment111 comprises first and second concave legs connected by a loop portion.
• The stent desirably comprises a plurality of concave M-shaped[0035]segments111 per band with circumferentially adjacent concave M-shaped segments connected one to the other. Adjacent bands are also interconnected.
• As shown in FIG. 1, the stent may be constructed and arranged to have overlapping convex and concave M-shaped segments in each bands. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the stent comprises alternating[0036]first bands106 having convex M-shapedsegments110 andsecond bands108 having convex M-shapedsegments112 which are inverted and similarly, concave M-shapedsegments111 andsecond bands108 having concave M-shapedsegments113. The inventive stents may also be formed of first bands and second bands which do not alternate over the length of the stent. For example, a first portion of the stent may comprise bands having M-shaped segments of one orientation and a second portion of the stent may comprise bands having inverted M-shaped segments.
• The invention also contemplates stents formed exclusively of bands of M-shaped segments where the M-shaped segments are identically oriented.[0037]
• The invention further contemplates stents having bands with differing numbers of convex and/or concave M-shaped segments. For example, a first band may consist of j M-shaped segments and a second band may consist of k M-shaped segments where j is an integer greater than k. Moreover, the stent may comprise different bands having different amplitudes or differing strut widths and/or thicknesses. The stent may be provided with a uniform diameter or may taper.[0038]
• The invention is also directed to a stent, such as that shown generally at[0039]100 in FIG. 1 where at one of the bands comprises a repeating pattern of three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments115a-cwith a first curvature and three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments117a-cwith a second curvature. One of thesegments115cwith the first curvature is connected to one of thesegments117awith the second curvature. Desirably, the first curvature is opposite to the second curvature. Also desirably, the stent comprises a plurality of the bands with each band comprising a repeating pattern of three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a first curvature and three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a second curvature, one of the segments of the first curvature connected to one of the segments with the second curvature.
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent such as that shown generally at[0040]200 in FIG. 3.Stent200, shown as a flat pattern in FIG. 3, has aproximal end202 and adistal end204. The stent comprises a plurality ofinterconnected bands206 and208.Bands206 and208 are defined by-a plurality of alternating first loops210 (shown shaded) and second loops212 (shown shaded).First loops210 include acircumferential portion214 which is disposed substantially circumferentially andsecond loops212 include a substantially arrow-shapedportion216. Substantially arrow shaped is defined here to be any shape resembling the head of an arrow.Bands206 and208 resemble one another but are oppositely oriented. That is, the arrow shaped loops ofbands206 point in the proximal direction and the arrow shaped loops ofbands208 point in the distal direction.Bands206 and208 are also 180 degrees out of phase with one another.
• [0041]Adjacent bands206 and208 are joined end-to-end to form a combinedband220.Combined bands220 have a plurality ofopenings222 therein. As shown in FIG. 3,adjacent bands206 and208 abut one another.Adjacent bands206 and208 may also be connected using any of the connectors shown in FIGS. 2a-f. The connectors may extend entirely in a longitudinal direction or may also include a circumferential component.
• Adjacent combined bands are connected end-to-end along the length of the stent via[0042]connectors218.Connectors218 may also be replaced by any of the connectors shown in FIGS. 2a-f. The connectors may extend entirely in a longitudinal direction or may also include a circumferential component.
• The invention is further directed to stents having a single combined[0043]band220, the proximal or distal end of which comprises at least onefirst loop210 and at least onesecond loop212. Desirably, thefirst loop210 is an arrow shaped loop at one end andsecond loop212 comprises a substantiallycircumferential portion214 at one end. More desirably, the stent comprises at least onecombined band220 having a plurality offirst loops210 andsecond loops212 and even more desirably, the first and second loops alternate with one another.
• The invention is also directed to a stent such as that shown generally at[0044]200 in FIG. 3, comprising at least one first cell224 (shown highlighted) having afirst end226 and asecond end228.First end226 terminates in a circumferential component andsecond end228 terminates in an arrow-shaped component oppositefirst end226. Desirably, the stent comprises a plurality of interconnected first cells. The first cells may be interconnected circumferentially about the stent in bands and/or longitudinally along the length of the stent. The first cells may be connected longitudinally and/or circumferentially as shown in FIG. 3 or using any of the connecting elements shown in FIGS. 2a-f. The connectors may be exclusively longitudinal or circumferential or may include longitudinal and circumferential components.
• As shown in FIG. 3, the orientation of circumferentially adjacent[0045]first cells224 alternate. The first end of every otherfirst cell224 points in the proximal direction. The invention also contemplates embodiments in which every first cell is identically oriented.
• Where the stent comprises a plurality of[0046]bands220 offirst cells224, each band may consist of identically oriented first cells or first cells with alternating orientations. The invention also contemplates providing one or more bands having first cells oriented exclusively in one direction and one or more bands having first cells oriented exclusively in the opposite direction. Such bands may alternate over the length of the stent or may be provided in any other order along the length of the stent.
• The invention further contemplates[0047]stents having bands220 with differing numbers offirst cells224. For example, a first band may consist of j first cells and a second band may consist of k first cells where j is an integer greater than k. Moreover, the stent may comprise different bands having different amplitudes or longitudinal lengths or differing strut widths and/or thicknesses. The stent may be provided with a uniform diameter or may taper.
• In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the invention is directed to a stent, shown generally at[0048]300, having aproximal end302 and adistal end304.Stent300 comprises a plurality ofserpentine bands306 extending in a longitudinal direction, including a first serpentine band306aand a second serpentine band306b. First serpentine band306aand second serpentine band306bare connected by at least one and desirably a plurality of loop members308aextending in a direction non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent. Longitudinally adjacent first loop members308aconnecting first serpentine band306aand second serpentine band306bopen toward the proximal end of the stent. Longitudinally adjacent first loop members308amay be non-parallel to one another, oppositely oriented about the longitudinal axis of the stent as shown in FIG. 4 or may be substantially parallel to one another, as shown in FIG. 5.
• [0049]Stent300 further comprises a third serpentine band306cextending in the longitudinal direction. Third band306cis adjacent to second band306band connected thereto via a plurality of second loop members308b. Second loop members308bopen toward the distal end of the stent. Longitudinally adjacent second loop members308bmay be non-parallel to one another, oppositely oriented about the longitudinal axis of the stent as shown in FIG. 4 or may be substantially parallel to one another, as shown in FIG. 5.
• As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, additional serpentine bands may be present as well, interconnected with loop members as described above.[0050]
• The invention is also directed to a stent, such as that shown generally at[0051]300 in FIG. 4, comprising at least one first cell320 (shown highlighted) comprising a first generallylongitudinal sidewall322 desirably having at least one bend therein and a second generallylongitudinal sidewall324 having at least one bend therein. First generallylongitudinal sidewall322 is substantially parallel to second generallylongitudinal sidewall324.Cell320 further comprises aproximal wall326 having at least oneloop328 therein and adistal wall330 having at least oneloop332 therein.Loops328 and332 are oriented non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent.
• Desirably, the stent comprises a plurality of first cells arranged longitudinally in one or more rows along the length of the stent. The first cells are also seen to be arranged circumferentially in bands about the stent. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, for each cell, the loop in the proximal wall is non-parallel to the loop in the distal wall. In another embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 5, all of the loops in the proximal walls of the cells and all of the loops in the distal walls of the cells are substantially parallel to one another.[0052]
• The invention is also directed to stents such as those shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 which are comprised of a plurality of bands[0053]350 (shown highlighted) where each band comprises a plurality of distally directed loops308band a plurality of proximally directed loops308a. Each distally directed loop308bhas anopen end352 and aclosed end354 and each proximally directed loop308ahas anopen end356 and aclosed end358. Desirably, proximally directed loops308aand distally directed loops308bare parallel to one another and non-parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stent. The proximally directed loops and the distally directed loops alternate around the band and are connected to one another byfirst connectors360 which extend from theopen end356 of the proximally directed loops308ato theopen end352 of the distally directed loops308b.First connectors360 include a circumferential component. Bands which are adjacent one another are connected by one or moresecond connectors362 extending therebetween.Second connector362 desirably has at least one bend therein and more desirably, two bends.
• As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the proximally directed loops in adjacent bands may be non-parallel with one another or parallel with one another.[0054]
• The stents of FIGS. 4 and 5 may be provided in a number of variants. For example, the stent may be provided with a uniform diameter or may taper. Also, the width and/or thickness of the serpentine bands and/or connectors may increase or decrease along a portion of the stent.[0055]
• In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent such as that shown generally at[0056]400 in FIG. 6.Stent400 has aproximal end402 and adistal end404 and is defined by a structure comprising a plurality of serpentine portions406 (shown highlighted). Eachserpentine portion406 has at least onepeak408 and onetrough410, desirably disposed at a non-zero angle with respect to the longitudinal axis414 of the stent. Also desirably, each serpentine portion consists of one peak and one trough although additional peaks and/or troughs may be present.
• [0057]Serpentine portions406 may be provided in a variety of shapes. Desirably, however, the serpentine portions will be in the shape shown in FIG. 6, namely, in the shape of afirst omega418 joined side by side with asecond omega420, the second omega inverted relative to the first omega and the first and second omegas having aside422 in common. The omegas are disposed at a non-zero angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent.
• At least some of the[0058]serpentine portions406 advance discontinuously along ahelical path412aabout a longitudinal axis414 of the stent to form a discontinuoushelical band416a. Desirably,serpentine portions406 are arranged to form a plurality of discontinuous helical bands (e.g.416b,416c). The stent of FIG. 6 is provided with three such discontinuous helical bands. Fewer or additional discontinuous helical bands may be provided.
• As shown in FIG. 6, all adjacent[0059]serpentine portions406 within a discontinuous helical band (416a,b, orc) are separated from one another by gaps. Where the stent comprises a multiplicity discontinuous helical bands, adjacent discontinuous helical bands (for example416a-c) may optionally be connected to one another at one ormore locations424.
• Desirably, as shown in FIG. 6,[0060]serpentine portions406 are connected so as to form a continuous path extending from one end of the stent to the other end of the stent.
• The embodiment of FIG. 6 may also be modified so that discontinuous bands extending in a lengthwise direction are formed as is shown generally in FIG. 7.[0061]Stent500 has aproximal end502 and adistal end504 and is defined by a structure comprising a plurality of serpentine portions506 (shown highlighted). Eachserpentine portion506 has at least onepeak508 and onetrough510, desirably disposed at a non-zero angle with respect to thelongitudinal axis514 of the stent. Also desirably, each serpentine portion consists of one peak and one trough although additional peaks and/or troughs may be present.
• [0062]Serpentine portions506 may be provided in a variety of shapes. Desirably, however, the serpentine portions will be in the shape shown in FIG. 7, namely, in the shape of afirst omega518 joined side by side with asecond omega520, the second omega inverted relative to the first omega and the first and second omegas having aside522 in common. The omegas are disposed at a non-zero angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent.
• At least some of the[0063]serpentine portions506 advance discontinuously along alongitudinal path512 about alongitudinal axis514 of the stent to form adiscontinuous bands516aextending in a lengthwise direction. Desirably,serpentine portions506 are arranged to form a plurality of discontinuous bands extending in a lengthwise direction (e.g.516b,516c). The stent of FIG. 7 is provided with a total of four such discontinuous bands extending in a lengthwise direction. Fewer or additional discontinuous bands extending in a lengthwise direction may be provided.
• As shown in FIG. 7, all adjacent[0064]serpentine portions506 within a discontinuous band (516a,b, orc) extending in a lengthwise direction are separated from one another by gaps. Where the stent comprises a multiplicity discontinuous bands extending in a lengthwise direction, adjacent discontinuous bands extending in a lengthwise direction (for example516a-c) may optionally be connected to one another at one or more locations524.
• Desirably, as shown in FIG. 7,[0065]serpentine portions506 are connected so as to form a continuous path extending from one end of the stent to the other end of the stent.
• The stents of FIGS. 6 and 7 and their variants discussed above may be provided with connectors to bridge the gap between adjacent serpentine portions within a given discontinuous helical (or longitudinal) band. As shown in FIG. 7,[0066]connector532 connectsserpentine portion510ato adjacentserpentine portion510bindiscontinuous band516aextending in a lengthwise direction. Some or all of the gaps within a discontinuous longitudinal (or helical band) may thus be bridged.Connectors532 may be straight or curved and may be of the same thickness and/or width as the serpentine portions of the stent or may be of a smaller width and/or thinner.
• One or more additional connectors may also be provided to directly connect circumferentially adjacent serpentine portions. An example of such a connector is shown in FIG. 7.[0067]Connector534 extends between circumferentially adjacentserpentine portion510aand510c.Connectors534 may be straight or curved and may be of the same thickness and/or width as the serpentine portions of the stent or may be of a smaller width and/or thinner.
• In addition to the stent formation techniques disclosed below, the stents of FIGS. 6 and 7 and their variants may be made by winding a wire in the desired pattern. The ends of the wire may optionally be secured to the stent as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.[0068]
• As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the invention is also directed to a stent comprising a meandering path of connected serpentine portions[0069]406 (506). Each serpentine portion comprises a first loop portion408 (508) and a second loop portion410 (510) which are arranged side-by-side and have a side in common. The first and second loop portions each open in a non-longitudinal direction. Adjacent serpentine portions along the meandering path are connected to one another end-to-end and are displaced longitudinally and circumferentially from one another along the meander path.
• The serpentine portions may be arranged substantially helically about a longitudinal axis of the stent as shown in FIG. 6, or in at least one discontinuous band extending in a substantially longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. 7.[0070]
• The invention is also directed, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, to a stent comprising a meandering, substantially helical path of connected serpentine portions. Each serpentine portion comprises first and second loop portions which are arranged side-by-side and have a side in common. The first and second loop portions each open in a non-longitudinal direction. The serpentine portions may be arranged in at least one discontinuous band extending substantially helically about a longitudinal axis of the stent or may be arranged in at least one discontinuous band extending in a substantially longitudinal direction.[0071]
• In addition to the variation discussed above, the stents of FIGS. 6 and 7 and their variants may have a uniform diameter or may taper. Also, the-width and/or thickness of the serpentine portions may increase or decrease along a portion of the stent.[0072]
• The invention is also directed to a stent such as that shown generally at[0073]600 in FIG. 8.Stent600 has aproximal end602, adistal end604 and alongitudinal axis612.Stent600 comprises an omega building block606 (shown highlighted).Omega building block606 comprises a circumferentially oriented omega-shapedloop608 having a proximal end and a distal end, a substantially proximally orientedfirst lobe614 extending from the proximal end of omega-shapedloop608 and a substantially distally orientedfirst lobe615 extending from the distal end of omega-shapedloop608. Desirably,stent600 comprises a plurality of interconnectedomega building blocks606 arranged in aband616 extending in a lengthwise direction along the stent. Desirably, longitudinally adjacent omegabuilding block members606 in theband616 extending in a lengthwise direction are connected by dual lobe members620 (shown highlighted).Dual lobe member620 comprises a substantially proximally orientedsecond lobe622 and a substantially distally orientedsecond lobe624 connected to the substantially proximally orientedsecond lobe622. The substantially distally orientedfirst lobe615 of anomega building block606 is arranged side by side and has a side in common with the substantially proximally orientedsecond lobe622 of adual lobe member620. The substantially proximally orientedfirst lobe614 of a longitudinally adjacentomega building block606 is arranged side by side and has a side in common with the substantially distally orientedsecond lobe624 of thedual lobe member620.
• Desirably, as shown in FIG. 8, the stent comprises a plurality of longitudinally adjacent dual lobe members. More desirably, the stent comprises a plurality of bands extending in a lengthwise direction of omega building blocks.[0074]
• At least one of the omega shaped[0075]loops606 is connected circumferentially to a circumferentially adjacentdual lobe member620 between the substantially proximally oriented second lobe and the substantially distally oriented second lobe as shown in FIG. 8. Any of the other connectors shown in FIGS. 2a-2fmay also be used. More desirably, each of the omega shaped loops is connected circumferentially to a circumferentially adjacent dual lobe member between the substantially proximally oriented second lobe and the substantially distally oriented second lobe.
• The stent may be comprise a plurality of interconnected closed[0076]longitudinal strips630. Each closed longitudinal strip comprises two bands extending in a lengthwise direction of omega building blocks and two bands extending in a lengthwise direction of dual lobe members. The stent shown in FIG. 8 comprises four such longitudinal strips. The inventive stent may comprise fewer longitudinal strips or additional longitudinal strips. Moreover, the longitudinal strips may be modified to have additional bands extending in a lengthwise direction of omega building blocks and bands extending in a lengthwise direction of dual lobe members.
• In addition to the various techniques described below, the inventive stent of FIG. 8 and related embodiments may be made by winding a wire in the desired pattern.[0077]
• Another embodiment of the inventive stents is shown generally at[0078]700 in FIG. 9.Stent700, having aproximal end702 and adistal end704, comprises a plurality of circumferential bands705 (one of which is shown highlighted) and a plurality of bands extending in a lengthwise direction706 (one of which is shown highlighted) which significantly overlap the circumferential bands. The embodiment of FIG. 9 includes four bands extending in a lengthwise direction. More generally, the invention contemplates providing at least one and desirably a plurality of bands extending in a lengthwise direction. Adjacent circumferential bands include two types of connecting regions, a first region where a portion709 (one of which is shown highlighted) of a band extending in a lengthwise direction extends between adjacent circumferential bands and a second region where adjacent circumferential bands have a segment711 (one of which is shown highlighted) in common. The circumferential bands are made of a plurality of hairpin curves713 which alternate in orientation from adistal orientation713ato aproximal orientation713b. Circumferentially adjacent hairpin curves are separated and joined together by acurved portion715 of the band extending in a lengthwise direction. It is noted that the struts forming the bands extending in a lengthwise direction are of a different width than the struts forming the hairpin curves. As such, the circumferential bands are formed in a repeating pattern of two wider struts followed by a narrower strut. The invention also is directed to embodiments in which all of the struts are of the same width.
• It is also noted that the stent of FIG. 9 comprises a plurality of circumferential segments each comprising one or more R-shaped[0079]segments717a(one of which is shown highlighted). Desirably, as shown in FIG. 9, the R-shaped segments are disposed at an oblique angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the stent. Also desirably, each band includes both R-shapedsegments717aand inverted R-shapedsegments717b. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, adjacent bands are interconnected by connectors. Also, adjacent R-shaped segments and inverted R-shaped segments in adjacent bands share a portion in common. In accordance with the invention, the inventive stents may have as few as a single R-shaped segment. Desirably, however, one or more R-shaped segments are provided in each band and more desirably, a plurality of such segments are provided.
• The invention is also directed to a stent, as shown in FIG. 9, comprising a plurality of[0080]circumferential bands705 which are interconnected by one ormore connectors709 extending between adjacent bands and which further are further connected by one ormore segments711 shared in common between adjacent bands.
• Yet another embodiment of the invention is shown at[0081]800 in FIG. 10.Stent800, having aproximal end802 and a distal end804, comprises a plurality ofbands806 extending in a lengthwise direction (one of which is shown highlighted) of a first strut width interconnected by a plurality of circumferential connectors805 (one of which is shown highlighted).Bands806 extending in a lengthwise direction include substantially oppositely directedloops808a,b.Circumferential connectors805 desirably have a strut width which is narrower than the strut width ofbands806 extending in a lengthwise direction although the invention also contemplates the struts being of the same width or wider.Circumferential connectors805 includeloop807aoriented in the distal direction,loop807boriented in the proximal direction, and twoloops809aand809boriented in opposite substantially circumferential directions. Proximally and distally orientedloops807a,bare disposed betweenadjacent bands806 extending in a lengthwise direction. Substantially circumferentially orientedloops809a,bare each nested in loops ofadjacent bands806 extending in a lengthwise direction.
• More generally, the invention is directed to a stent having one or more bands extending in a lengthwise direction and one or more circumferential members. The circumferential members have two or more loops at least one of which points substantially in the proximal direction and at least one of which points substantially in the distal direction. The circumferential members also include at least two loops which point in opposite, substantially circumferential directions. Desirably, a plurality of longitudinal members are present. More desirably, the longitudinal members also include loops which are oriented in substantially circumferential directions. Even more desirably, at least some of the substantially circumferential loops of the circumferential members are nested within substantially circumferential loops of the longitudinal members. A stent in accordance with this embodiment is shown in FIG. 10.[0082]
• The invention is also directed to a stent comprising at least one and desirably a plurality of longitudinal elements form a repeat pattern of increasing width followed by a branching of the longitudinal element with the branch connecting the longitudinal element to an adjacent longitudinal element. The longitudinal element decreases in width at the branch and then increases in width again until another branch point is encountered. A stent in accordance with this embodiment is shown in FIG. 10.[0083]
• Any of the inventive stents disclosed above may be provided with a uniform diameter or may taper. Also, the width and/or thickness of the various portions of the inventive stents may increase or decrease along a given portion of the stent.[0084]
• Any of the inventive stents described above as comprising bands may include one or more bands of a first amplitude and one or more bands of a second amplitude different from the first amplitude. Also, those stents described above which are comprised of bands with repeating structural units may include one or more bands with a first number of structural units and one or more bands with a second number of structural units different from the first number. Examples of structural units include M-shaped[0085]segments110 of FIG. 1 andcells224 of FIG. 3. Bands with different amplitudes and/or numbers of repeating structural units may alternate with one another along the length of the stent. Bands with like amplitudes and/or numbers of repeating structural units may also be grouped together.
• The inventive stents may be manufactured using known stent manufacturing techniques. Suitable methods for manufacturing the inventive stents include laser cutting, chemical etching, electroforming or stamping of a tube. The inventive stents may also be manufactured by laser cutting, chemically etching, stamping or electroforming a flat sheet, rolling the sheet and welding the sheet, by electrode discharge machining, or by molding the stent with the desired design. The inventive stents may also be made by growing or extruding or winding a stent with the inventive patterns.[0086]
• Any suitable stent material may be used in the manufacture of the inventive stents. Examples of such materials include metals such as stainless steel, tantalum, elgiloy and shape memory metals such as nitinol and shape memory polymers. The inventive stents may also be made of suitable polymeric materials.[0087]
• The inventive stents may include suitable radiopaque coatings. For example, the stents may be coated with gold or sputtered with tantalum. The stents may also be made directly from a radiopaque material to obviate the need for a radiopaque coating or may be made of a material having a radiopaque inner core.[0088]
• The inventive stents may also be provided with various bio-compatible coatings to enhance various properties of the stent. For example, the inventive stents may be provided with lubricious coatings. The inventive stents may also be provided with drug-containing coatings which release drugs over time. Suitable coatings include a sugar or more generally a carbohydrate and/or a gelatin to maintain the stent on a balloon during delivery of the stent to a desired bodily location. Other suitable compounds for treating the stent include biodegradable polymers and polymers which are dissolvable in bodily fluids. Portions of the interior and/or exterior of the stent may be coated or impregnated with the compound. Subjecting the stent to such a treatment also may prevent flaring of the ends of the stent during delivery of the stent. Mechanical retention devices may also be used to maintain the stent on the balloon during delivery.[0089]
• The inventive stents may be provided in mechanically expandable form, in self-expanding form or as a hybrid of the two. Mechanically expandable stents, in accordance with the invention, may be expanded using any suitable mechanical device including a balloon.[0090]
• The inventive stents may be used for coronary arteries, peripheral arteries, arteries of the neck and intracranial arteries. More generally, the inventive stents may be used for any vessel of the human body including but not limited to arteries, veins, biliary ducts, urethras, fallopian tubes, bronchial tubes, the trachea and the esophagus.[0091]
• Suitable stent delivery devices such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,712, U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,522 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,957,930 may be used to deliver the inventive stents to the desired bodily location. The choice of delivery device will depend on whether a self-expanding or balloon expandable stent is used.[0092]
• The inventive stents may also be used as the framework for a graft. Suitable coverings include PTFE and expanded PTFE or any of the materials disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,046 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,770. More generally, any known graft material may be used.[0093]
• In addition to the specific embodiments claimed below, the invention is also directed to other embodiments having any other possible combination of the dependent features claimed below taken in conjunction with the independent claims from which they depend.[0094]
• The above disclosure is intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive. The description will suggest many variations and alternatives to one of ordinary skill in this art. All these alternatives and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the attached claims. Those familiar with the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein which equivalents are also intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.[0095]

Claims (24)

1. A stent having a proximal end and a distal end, the stent comprising a plurality of interconnected circumferential bands with a flowpath therethrough,

at least one of the bands including at least one substantially M-shaped segment selected from the group consisting of convex M-shaped segments and concave M-shaped segments.

2. The stent ofclaim 1 wherein the at least one M-shaped segment is a convex M-shaped segment.

3. The stent ofclaim 2 wherein the convex M-shaped segment comprises a first convex outer leg, a second convex outer leg and a connector connecting the first convex outer leg and the second convex outer leg.

4. The stent ofclaim 2 wherein the at least one band comprises a plurality of convex M-shaped segments.

5. The stent ofclaim 2 comprising a first band having a plurality of interconnected convex M-shaped segments and a second band having a plurality of interconnected convex M-shaped segments.

6. The stent ofclaim 5 wherein adjacent convex M-shaped segments in the first band are interconnected via a loop extending therebetween.

7. The stent ofclaim 6 wherein the loop is formed of a concave first portion and a concave second portion.

8. The stent ofclaim 5 wherein the convex M-shaped segments of the first band are inverted relative to the convex M-shaped segments of the second band.

9. The stent ofclaim 8 wherein the convex M-shaped segments of the first bands at least partially abut and are connected.

10. The stent ofclaim 1 wherein the at least one M-shaped segment is a concave M-shaped segment.

11. The stent ofclaim 10 wherein the concave M-shaped segment comprises a first concave outer leg, a second concave outer leg and a connector connecting the first concave outer leg and the second concave outer leg.

12. The stent ofclaim 10 wherein the at least one band comprises a plurality of concave M-shaped segments.

13. The stent ofclaim 12 wherein the first portion is substantially parallel to the first concave leg of the first concave M-shaped segment and the second portion is substantially parallel to the second concave leg of the second concave M-shaped segment.

14. The stent ofclaim 10 comprising a first band having a plurality of interconnected concave M-shaped segments and a second band having a plurality of interconnected concave M-shaped segments.

15. The stent ofclaim 14 wherein adjacent concave M-shaped segments in the first band are interconnected via a loop extending therebetween.

16. The stent ofclaim 15 wherein the loop is formed of a convex first portion and a convex second portion.

17. The stent ofclaim 14 wherein the concave M-shaped segments of the first band are inverted relative to the concave M-shaped segments of the second band.

18. The stent ofclaim 17 wherein the concave M-shaped segments of the first bands at least partially abut and are connected.

19. The stent ofclaim 1 comprising a plurality of interconnected convex M-shaped segments and concave M-shaped segments.

20. A stent comprising a plurality of connected tubular bands, at least one of the tubular bands comprising a repeating pattern of three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a first curvature and three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a second curvature, one of the segments with the first curvature connected to one of the segments with the second curvature.

21. The stent ofclaim 20 wherein the first curvature is opposite the second curvature.

22. The stent ofclaim 20 wherein a plurality of the tubular bands each comprise a repeating pattern of three or more-substantially parallel interconnected segments with a first curvature and three or more substantially parallel interconnected segments with a second curvature, one of the segments of the first curvature connected to one of the segments with the second curvature.

23. The stent ofclaim 22 wherein adjacent tubular bands are out of phase with one another.

24. The stent ofclaim 22 wherein adjacent tubular bands are out of phase with one another by ninety degrees.

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