US20020179231A1 - Process for producing holographic material - Google Patents

Abstract

Processes for producing a holographic material wherein the holographic image is formed on a polished surface of a printing element and the holographic image is then transferred to a substrate are disclosed. A coating is applied to the polished surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface, the coated surface is engraved to provide the holographic image, and the holographic image is then transferred to a substrate via a bonding material, thereby producing the holographic material. The holographic material may be used to provide a decorative cover for an object or item, such as a floral grouping or a potted plant.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/584,553, filed May 31, 2000, entitled “PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HOLOGRAPHIC MATERIAL”; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/372,526, filed Aug. 11, 1999, entitled “PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HOLOGRAPHIC MATERIAL”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,073, issued Apr. 16, 2002.[0001]
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
• Not applicable.[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Field of the Invention[0003]
• The present invention relates generally to processes for producing decorative material, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to processes for producing holographic material, as well as methods for using same.[0004]
• 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art[0005]
• Processes for producing holographic materials are well known in the art. One process involves passing a layer of plastic, for example, through a machine which imparts an image within the covering or upper strata of the plastic layer. A powdered metallic constituent or component (e.g. aluminum) is then applied thereon by a metallizing process. After metallizing, a holographic or 3-dimensional image is imparted on the metallized layer of plastic. This image is extremely pleasing and is widely used within the credit card and security industries since the resulting image is difficult to duplicate and thus assists in the prevention of fraud by counterfeiting, for example. However, images produced by this process can be quite expensive since the machines required for production of the images are complicated and costly in and of themselves. Additionally, holographic images produced by this process are usually small in size, and larger holographic images cannot be imprinted by this process. Thus, this process of producing holographic images has not been widely used outside of the credit card and novelty industry.[0006]
• A process for producing large sheets of holographic material at a lower cost than the process described above involves producing the holographic image laminated to a polymeric support, contacting the holographic image on the polymeric support to a substrate such as tissue paper or foil via an adhesive, and delaminating the polymeric support, thereby transferring the holographic image from the polymeric support to the tissue paper or foil substrate. The image cannot be directly applied to a substrate having a rough surface because the rough surface of the substrate will refract light and will not have a highly reflective finish, thereby disrupting the holographic image.[0007]
• Therefore, new and improved methods for producing holographic material requiring less time and expense are being sought. It is to such a process for producing holographic material that the present invention is directed.[0008]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• According to the present invention, processes for producing holographic material are provided which avoid the disadvantages and defects of the prior art, making the processes more economically feasible. Broadly, processes are provided for transferring holographic images to a substrate to produce a holographic material. These processes involve producing the holographic image on a polished, substantially smooth surface and then transferring the holographic image to a substrate, thereby bypassing the need for the lamination/delamination steps used in the prior art.[0009]
• In one aspect of the present invention, a printing element having a polished, substantially smooth surface is provided, and a metallic coating is applied to the smooth surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface. The coated surface is embossed or engraved to provide the holographic image on the coating, and the holographic image is then transferred to a substrate, thereby producing a holographic material.[0010]
• In another aspect of the present invention, a non-metallic coating may be applied to the smooth surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface, which is then embossed or engraved to provide an image. The embossed or engraved coated surface may then be metallized, if necessary, to provide a holographic image on the coating, and the holographic image is transferred to a substrate to produce the holographic material.[0011]
• The production of holographic materials in accordance with the present invention may be performed as a continuous process or as a batch process. Applications of the holographic materials produced in accordance with the present invention include wrapping a floral grouping and providing a decorative cover for an object such as a flower pot or a potted plant, decorative wrappings for various food and gift items, decorative and non-decorative elements, pigments, Christmas ornaments, etc.[0012]
• An object of the present invention is to provide improved processes for producing holographic materials.[0013]
• Another object of the present invention, while achieving the before-stated object, is to provide processes for producing holographic materials which do not suffer from the disadvantages of the prior art processes.[0014]
• Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.[0015]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image embossed thereon produced by a continuous process in accordance with the present invention.[0016]
• FIG. 2 is a partial schematic representation of an apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an embossing element.[0017]
• FIG. 3 is a partial schematic representation of another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an embossing element.[0018]
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image engraved thereon produced by another continuous process in accordance with the present invention.[0019]
• FIG. 5 is a partial schematic representation of an apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an engraving element.[0020]
• FIG. 6 is a partial schematic representation of another apparatus for producing holographic material in a continuous process, the apparatus utilizing a cylindrical drum and an engraving element.[0021]
• FIG. 7 is a side elevational view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image embossed thereon produced by a batch process in accordance with the present invention.[0022]
• FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of a flat plate used to produce sheets of holographic material having a holographic image embossed thereon in accordance with the present invention, the flat plate having a coating disposed on a surface thereof.[0023]
• FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate with a coated surface of FIG. 8 and an embossing plate for embossing the coated surface of the flat plate to provide an embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon.[0024]
• FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 9 having an embossed coated surface and a holographic image thereon, the embossed coated surface of the flat plate having an adhesive applied thereto.[0025]
• FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 10 having an embossed coated surface with a holographic image thereon and an adhesive applied thereto, the adhesive bondingly connecting the embossed coated surface to a substrate to produce a sheet of holographic material constructed from the coating containing a holographic image and the substrate.[0026]
• FIG. 12 is a side elevational view illustrating a sheet of holographic material having a holographic image engraved thereon produced by another batch process in accordance with the present invention.[0027]
• FIG. 13 is a diagrammatic representation of a flat plate used to produce sheets of holographic material having a holographic image engraved thereon in accordance with the present invention, the flat plate having a coating disposed on a surface thereof.[0028]
• FIG. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate with a coated surface of FIG. 13 and an engraving element for engraving the coated surface of the flat plate to provide an engraved coated surface with a holographic image thereon.[0029]
• FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 14 having an engraved coated surface and a holographic image thereon, the engraved coated surface of the flat plate having an adhesive applied thereto.[0030]
• FIG. 16 is a diagrammatic representation of the flat plate of FIG. 15 having an engraved coated surface with a holographic image thereon and an adhesive applied thereto, the adhesive bondingly connecting the engraved coated surface to a substrate to produce a sheet of holographic material constructed from the coating containing a holographic image and the substrate.[0031]
• FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a roll of holographic material constructed in accordance with the present invention and illustrating a knife assembly being actuated by an actuator to cut at least a portion of the roll of holographic material into elongated strips of holographic material.[0032]
• FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the roll of holographic material of FIG. 17, showing the knife assembly being actuated in a second direction, so as to cut the elongated strips of holographic material into segments of holographic material.[0033]
• FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a floral grouping disposed on a sheet of holographic material.[0034]
• FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the floral grouping of FIG. 19 being wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in one method of wrapping with the sheet of holographic material.[0035]
• FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the floral grouping wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in a conical fashion.[0036]
• FIG. 22 is a perspective view of another method of using a sheet of holographic material to wrap a floral grouping, wherein the floral grouping is wrapped in the sheet of holographic material in a cylindrical fashion.[0037]
• FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a sheet of holographic material having a flower pot disposed thereon.[0038]
• FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the sheet of holographic material of FIG. 23 partially wrapped about the flower pot.[0039]
• FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the sheet of holographic material of FIG. 23 wrapped about the flower pot.[0040]
• FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a pre-formed decorative pot cover formed from a sheet of holographic material.[0041]
• FIG. 27 is a diagrammatic, cross-sectional view of a male and female mold having a sheet of holographic material disposed therebetween for forming the preformed decorative pot cover of FIG. 26.[0042]
• FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a pre-formed decorative pot cover formed from a sheet of holographic material wherein the pre-formed decorative pot cover has a potted plant disposed therein.[0043]
• FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a sleeve for wrapping about a floral grouping, wherein the sleeve is constructed from a holographic material in accordance with the present invention.[0044]
• FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a wrapper comprising the sleeve of FIG. 29 and a floral grouping disposed therein, with a bloom portion of the floral grouping disposed adjacent a first end of the sleeve and a stem portion of the floral grouping extending from a second end of the sleeve.[0045]
• FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a modified wrapper similar to the wrapper of FIG. 30 but having a bonding material disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve, and showing the wrapper crimped about the stem portion of the floral grouping, the crimped portion forming overlapping folds.[0046]
• FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a modified wrapper similar to the wrapper of FIG. 30 but having a bonding material disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve, and showing the wrapper crimped about the stem portion of the floral grouping, the crimped portion forming overlapping folds.[0047]
• FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a wrapper formed from the holographic material of the present invention wherein the wrapper comprises a flower pot and a sleeve for covering the flower pot wherein the sleeve is provided with vertical and circumferential perforations.[0048]
• FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the wrapper of FIG. 33 wherein the vertical perforations of the sleeve are torn open and the circumferential perforations of the sleeve are partially torn.[0049]
• FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the wrapper of FIGS. 33 and 34 wherein an upper portion of the sleeve has been torn away and a remaining lower portion of the sleeve forms a decorative flower pot cover.[0050]
• FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a wrapper formed from the holographic material of the present invention wherein the wrapper comprises a sleeve sized to wrap a floral grouping having a single bloom and a single stem and a floral grouping having a single bloom and a single stem.[0051]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe Embodiments of FIGS.1-6
• Referring now to the drawings, shown in FIG. 1 and designated therein by the[0052]reference numeral10 is a sheet of holographic material constructed in accordance with the present invention by a continuous process. The sheet ofholographic material10 comprises asubstrate12 having a holographic design orimage14 formed thereon. Theholographic image14 provides the sheet ofholographic material10 with a holographic or 3-dimensional appearance.
• The term “holographic image” as used herein is to be understood to mean a three-dimensional image most visible from an oblique angle. The unique properties of holographic images are that they appear to float in space, are true-to-life and can change perspective, that is, permit one to look around corners and watch hidden features of the image come to light.[0053]
• Further, the “holographic image” can be in any geometric form, or any combination of geometric forms, for example, squares, round spots, triangles, rectangles, octagonals, or the like, or any non-geometric, asymmetrical or fanciful forms, or any combination thereof, for example, but not by way of limitation, hearts, balloons, flowers, lace, slogans, logos, print (any combination of letters and/or numbers), signs, human forms (real and fictional), animal forms (real and fictional), cartoon characters, and/or plant forms. Such holographic images may include a color, or a portion of a color, or a combination of colors and designs. Alternatively, at least a portion of the holographic image may be colorless, translucent, transparent, opaque, pearlescent, iridescent, or the like.[0054]
• The term “substrate” when used herein means a sheet of material capable of receiving the[0055]holographic image14 and which provides stability to theholographic image14. Thesubstrate12 of the sheet ofholographic material10 may be flexible or non-flexible. Thesubstrate12 can be constructed of any suitable material capable of receiving a holographic image, such as polymeric film, foil, paper, tissue, laminations thereof and combinations thereof. Thesubstrate12 includes asurface16 which may be substantially rough and textured or substantially smooth. For example, tissue paper, kraft paper and high density polyethylene film often have rough surfaces, while foil and chromecoat paper typically have smooth surfaces.
• The thickness of the[0056]substrate12 can vary widely. Generally, however, thesubstrate12 has a thickness in a range from about 0.0002 mil to about 30 mil, and more desirably from about 0.1 mil to about 20 mil.
• The[0057]substrate12 may have various printings, colorings, coatings, embossings, texturizing, flocking and/or metallic finishes, or other decorative surface ornamentation applied separately or simultaneously or may be characterized totally or partially by pearlescent, translucent, transparent, iridescent, or other finishes. Each of the above-named characteristics may occur alone or in combination, and when present in combination, such characteristics may be in or out of register with one another.
• Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, an[0058]apparatus17 for continuously producing theholographic material10 is schematically illustrated. As will be more fully described hereinafter, theholographic material10 is produced using aprinting element18. Theprinting element18 may be provided with a smooth surface or a rough surface. When theprinting element18 is provided with a smooth surface, the need to produce the holographic image on a substrate having a smooth surface, such as required by the prior art methods, is substantially eliminated.
• The term “printing element” as used herein means any element having a surface capable of having a holographic image produced thereon whereby the holographic image can be transferred to a substrate without substantially distorting the holographic image. Thus, the[0059]printing element18 for producing theholographic material10 utilizing theapparatus17 may be, for example, but not limited to, a cylindrical drum, a roller and the like. Theprinting element18 may be constructed of any suitable material capable of having a polished, substantially smooth surface and which is capable of having the holographic image formed thereon for transfer to a desired substrate. Theprinting element18 may be constructed of chrome, stainless steel, tool steel and the like. Theprinting element18 may also be constructed in part of a resilient or non-resilient material such that theprinting element18 is provided with a resilient or non-resilient surface.
• The[0060]printing element18 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is acylindrical drum20 having asmooth surface22. Thecylindrical drum20 permits theholographic material10 to be continuously produced. Acoating30 capable of receiving a holographic image is applied to thesmooth surface22 of thecylindrical drum20 by acoating assembly32, thereby providing acoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20. Thecoating assembly32 is illustrated as comprising acoating pan36 and a reversegravure doctor blade38. The thickness of thecoating30 on thecoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 can be controlled and maintained within preselected limits by the reversegravure doctor blade38 of thecoating assembly32.
• It will be understood that other methods of applying the[0061]coating30 to thesmooth surface22 of thecylindrical drum20 may be employed, such as spraying, brushing, etc.
• The term “coating” as used herein is to be understood to mean a maleable film, ink or lacquer which is able to be embossed or engraved to receive a holographic image on at least a portion thereof. For example, the[0062]coating30 may be a metallic material such as metallic polymeric film, metallic, iridescent pigment, foil, metallized lacquer and combinations thereof. Thecoating30 may also be a nonmetallic material such as polymeric film, foil, lacquer and combinations thereof. Thecoating30 may also consist of metallized film chopped into glitter and mixed with a lacquer to provide and ink or lacquer as thecoating30. When thecoating30 is a nonmetallic material, the process for producing theholographic material10 in accordance with the present invention may include an additional step of metallizing thecoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20, which will be described in detail below. The step of metallizing the non-metalliccoated surface30 will not be required when a non-metallic material employed as thecoating30 possesses the reflective properties necessary to highlight a holographic image. Examples ofnon-metallic coatings30 possessing such characteristics include iridescent pigments and inks or lacquers containing metallized film glitter.
• The term “lacquer” as used herein means a coating substance consisting of resinous materials, such as cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, shellac, gum, alkyd resins and the like, which are dissolved in a solvent that evaporates rapidly on application such as ethyl alcohol, thereby leaving a tough, adherent film. Lacquers which are useful in the present invention are mixtures, such as, but not limited to, lacquers produced by mixing styrene-acrylic emulsions, such as Lucidene 603 and Lucidene 395 (Morton International, Inc., 100 North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Ill. 60606) with a non-ionic surfactant, such as Surfynol 465 (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 7201 Hamilton Boulevard, Allentown, Pa. 18195-1501) and ammonia (G. S. Robbins and Company, 126 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 63102). The lacquer produced as described above may also contain a wax emulsion in water, such as Liquitron 440 (Carrol Scientific, Inc., 5401 S. Dansher Road, Countryside, Ill. 60525).[0063]
• The coated[0064]surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 is then embossed by anembossing element40, such as anembossing drum42. Embossing elements are used to produce materials to decorate or cover articles by depressing, carving, raising, or printing designs, patterns, etc. so that at least a portion of the design, pattern, etc. is raised above the surface of the material. Embossing elements and methods for embossing materials are well known in the art; thus, no further discussion of theembossing element40 or embossing methods need be set forth.
• Embossing of the[0065]coated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 produces aholographic image14 on thecoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20. Theholographic image14 is provided with afirst surface44 and asecond surface46 which is substantially adjacent thesmooth surface22 of thecylindrical drum20.
• As shown in FIG. 3, if the[0066]coating30 used to provide thecoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 is formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide theholographic image14, a metallic constituent orcomponent48 is applied to the embossedcoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 to provide theholographic image14. The metallic constituent orcomponent48 can be applied to the embossedcoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 by any suitable method, such as by discharging the metallic constituent orcomponent48 from areservoir50. Metallic constituents or components which may be employed to metallize the embossedcoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 are known in the art and include powdered metals such as powdered aluminum.
• Once the holographic image has been produced, a[0067]bonding material54 is applied to thefirst surface44 of theholographic image14 by abonding material applicator56. Thebonding material applicator56 comprises apan58 and a reversegravure doctor blade60 for removingexcess bonding material54 and controlling the thickness of thebonding material54 so as to insure a substantially uniform coating ofbonding material54 on thefirst surface44 of theholographic image14 present on thecylindrical drum20. Thebonding material54 applied to thefirst surface44 of theholographic image14 is contacted with thesurface16 of thesubstrate12, thereby bondingly contacting theholographic image14 to thesubstrate12 and producing theholographic material10.
• The term “bonding material” when used herein may be an adhesive, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, or a cohesive. Where the bonding material is a cohesive, a similar cohesive material must be placed on the adjacent surface for bondingly contacting and bondingly engaging with the cohesive material. The term “bonding material” may also be materials which are heat sealable and, in this instance, the adjacent portions of the materials must be brought into contact and then heat must be applied to effect the seal. The term “bonding material” when used herein also means a lacquer, which may be the[0068]coating30 described above. In this instance, heat, sound waves, or vibrations may be applied to effect the sealing of the lacquer. In this way, thecoating30 may both receive theholographic image14 and effect sealing of theholographic image14 to thesubstrate12, thereby producing theholographic material10.
• To bondingly secure the[0069]holographic image14 to thesubstrate12 and to transfer theholographic image14 from thesmooth surface22 of thecylindrical drum20 to thesubstrate12, various methods may be employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effect the seal between theholographic image14 and thesubstrate12. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a nip formed by opposing rollers of thecylindrical drum20 and a sealingdrum62 may sandwich theholographic image14 and thesubstrate12 to effect a seal between thesubstrate12 and theholographic image14. In addition, the sealingdrum62 may be a heated roller to aid in effecting the seal between theholographic image14 and thesubstrate12.
• It will be understood that other methods of bondingly securing and sealing the[0070]holographic image14 and thesubstrate12 which may be employed with theapparatus17 for continuously producing theholographic material10 as described herein may be employed in this process, and is not limited to the method described herein.
• The[0071]holographic material10 is then removed from thesmooth surface22 of thecylindrical drum20. Methods of removing theholographic material10 from thecylindrical drum20 are known in the art. Theholographic material10 produced by thecontinuous process17 may be present in different forms such as a roll or sheets ofholographic material10.
• Following production of the[0072]holographic material10, theholographic material10 may be modified by various methods, such as lamination of a transparent polymeric film thereto, as described in detail herein below.
• Shown in FIG. 4 is a sheet of holographic material[0073]10awhich is similar to the sheet ofholographic material10 illustrated in FIG. 1 and described in detail hereinbefore, except that theholographic image14aof the sheet of holographic material10ais produced by engraving rather than embossing. The sheet of holographic material10acomprises a substrate12ahaving a surface16aand aholographic image14aformed thereon, theholographic image14ahaving afirst surface44aand asecond surface46awherein thefirst surface44aof theholographic image14ais bondingly connected to the surface16aof the substrate12a. The sheet of holographic material10ais produced continuously utilizing an apparatus17awhich is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 and which is substantially similar to theapparatus17 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and described in detail previously, except that anengraving element41a, such as alaser43a, is employed to produce theholographic image14aof the sheet of holographic material10a, rather than theembossing element40 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• Briefly, a coating[0074]30acapable of receiving a holographic image is applied to asmooth surface22aof acylindrical drum20aby acoating assembly32a, thereby providing a coated surface34aof thecylindrical drum20a. Thecoating assembly32ais illustrated as comprising a coating pan36aand a reverse gravure doctor blade38a. The coated surface34aof thecylindrical drum20ais then engraved by anengraving element41a, such as alaser43a. Engraving elements are used to cut or etch letters, patterns, designs, etc. in or on a surface of a material. Engraving elements and methods for engraving materials are well known in the art; thus, no further discussion of theengraving element41aor engraving methods need be set forth.
• As shown in FIG. 5, engraving of the coated surface[0075]34aof thecylindrical drum20aproduces aholographic image14a, which is provided with the first andsecond surfaces44aand46a, respectively, wherein thesecond surface46ais substantially adjacent thesmooth surface22aof thecylindrical drum20a.
• As shown in FIG. 6, if the coating[0076]30ais formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide theholographic image14a, a metallic constituent or component48ais applied to the engraved coated surface34aof thecylindrical drum20ato provide theholographic image14aby any suitable method, such as by discharging the metallic constituent or component48afrom a reservoir50a.
• As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a bonding material[0077]54ais applied to thefirst surface44aof theholographic image14aby abonding material applicator56acomprising apan58aand a reversegravure doctor blade60a. The bonding material54aapplied to thefirst surface44aof theholographic image14ais contacted with the surface16aof the substrate12a, thereby bondingly connecting theholographic image14ato the substrate12aand producing the sheet of holographic material10a.
• The[0078]holographic image14ais bondingly secured and transferred to the substrate12aby any suitable method known in the art. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 for example only, a nip is formed by opposing rollers of thecylindrical drum20aand a sealingdrum62awhich sandwiches and effects a seal between theholographic image14aand the substrate12a. The holographic material10ais then removed from thesmooth surface22aof thecylindrical drum20aby any method known in the art, and the holographic material10aproduced by such processes may be present in different forms, such as a roll or sheets of holographic material10a.
The Embodiments of FIGS.7-16
• Shown in FIG. 7 is a sheet of holographic material[0079]10bconstructed in accordance with the present invention by a batch process which utilizes anapparatus68b. The sheet of holographic material10bis similar to the sheet ofholographic material10 described hereinbefore, and comprises a substrate12bhaving asurface16band having aholographic image14bformed thereon, theholographic image14bhaving a first surface44band asecond surface46b. The first surface44bof theholographic image14bis bondingly connected to thesurface16bof the substrate12b. Theapparatus68bfor producing the sheet of holographic material10bin a batch process is illustrated in FIGS.8-11 and described in detail hereinafter.
• The sheet of holographic material[0080]10bis produced using aprinting element70b. Theprinting element70bmay be provided with a smooth surface or a rough surface. When theprinting element70bis provided with a smooth surface, the need to produce the holographic image on a substrate having a smooth surface, such as required by the prior art methods, is substantially eliminated. Theprinting element70bfor producing the sheet of holographic material10bby the batch process utilizing theapparatus68bmay be a plate, a platen press and the like. Theprinting element70bmay be constructed of any suitable material capable of having the holographic image formed thereon for transfer to a desired substrate. Desirably, theprinting element70bis constructed of a material capable of having a polished, substantially smooth surface; however, it will be understood that theprinting element70bmay be provided with a substantially rough surface which is capable of having the holographic image formed thereon. Theprinting element70bmay be constructed of chrome, stainless steel, tool steel and the like. Theprinting element70bmay also be constructed in part of a resilient or non-resilient material such that theprinting element70bis provided with a resilient or non-resilient surface.
• The[0081]printing element70bof theapparatus68butilized in producing the sheet of holographic material10bin a batch process illustrated in FIG. 8 is aflat plate72bhaving asmooth surface74b. A coating30b, which is substantially similar to thecoating30 as described hereinbefore, is applied to thesmooth surface74bof theflat plate72bby acoating assembly76b, thereby providing a coated surface78bof theflat plate72b. Thecoating assembly76bis illustrated as a coating brush80b. However, it should be understood that other methods of applying the coating30bto thesmooth surface74bof theflat plate72bmay be employed, such as spraying, dipping, and the like.
• The coated surface[0082]78bof theflat plate72bis then embossed by anembossing element82b, such as anembossing plate84bshown in FIG. 9. Embossing of the coated surface78bof theflat plate72bprovides aholographic image14bon the coated surface78bof theflat plate72b. Theholographic image14bis provided with a first surface44band asecond surface46bwhich is substantially adjacent thesmooth surface74bof theflat plate72b.
• If the coating[0083]30bused to provide the coated surface78bof theflat plate72bis formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide theholographic image14b, a metallic constituent or component (not shown) is applied to the embossed coated surface78bof theflat plate72bto provide theholographic image14b. This process is substantially similar to the metallizing of the embossedcoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 by a metallizing constituent orcomponent50 to provide theholographic image10 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 and described in detail above.
• Once the[0084]holographic image14bhas been produced, a bonding material54b, which is substantially similar to thebonding material54 as described hereinbefore, is applied to theholographic image14bby abonding material applicator86b, as shown in FIG. 10. It will be understood that other methods of applying the bonding material54bto theholographic image14bon theflat plate72bmay be employed, such as spraying, brushing, etc.
• The bonding material[0085]54bapplied to theholographic image14bis contacted with the substrate12bas illustrated in FIG. 11, thereby bondingly connecting theholographic image14bto the substrate12band producing the sheet of holographic material10b.
• To bondingly connect the[0086]holographic image14bto the substrate12band to transfer theholographic image14bfrom thesmooth surface74bof theflat plate72bto the substrate12b, various methods may be employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effect the seal between the substrate12band theholographic image14b. As shown in FIG. 11, theholographic image14band the substrate12bmay be sandwiched between theflat plate72band a sealingplate88bto effect a seal between the substrate12band theholographic image14b. In addition, the sealingplate88bmay be heated to aid in effecting the seal between theholographic image14band the substrate12b.
• It will be understood that other methods of bondingly connecting and sealing the[0087]holographic image14band the substrate12bin thebatch process68bfor producing the sheet of holographic material10bas described herein may be employed.
• The sheet of holographic material[0088]10bis then removed from thesmooth surface74bof theflat plate72b. Methods of removing the sheet of holographic material10bfrom theflat plate72bare known in the art. The sheet of holographic material10bproduced by the batch process which utilizes theapparatus68bmay be present in different forms such as a roll or sheets of sheet of holographic material10b.
• Shown in FIG. 12 is a sheet of holographic material[0089]10cwhich is similar to the sheet of holographic material10billustrated in FIG. 7 and described in detail before, except that theholographic image14cof the sheet of holographic material10cis produced by engraving rather than embossing. The sheet of holographic material10ccomprises a substrate12cand aholographic image14cformed thereon. The sheet of holographic material10cis produced by a batch process utilizing anapparatus68cshown in FIGS.13-16 which is similar to the batch process utilizing theapparatus68billustrated in FIGS.8-11 and described in detail hereinbefore, except that the coated surface78cof theflat plate72cis engraved by anengraving element83c, such as a laser85c, to produce theholographic image14cof the sheet of holographic material10csubstantially as shown in FIG. 14, rather than embossed by theembossing element82bas illustrated in FIG. 9.
• The sheet of holographic material[0090]10cis produced using a printing element70cwhich is similar to theprinting element70bshown in FIG. 8 and described in detail hereinabove. The printing element70cof theapparatus68cutilized in producing the sheet of holographic material10cin a batch process illustrated in FIG. 13 is aflat plate72chaving asmooth surface74c. A coating30c, which is substantially similar to thecoating30 as described hereinbefore, is applied to thesmooth surface74cof theflat plate72cby a coating assembly76c, thereby providing a coated surface78cof theflat plate72c. The coating assembly76cis illustrated as acoating brush80c. However, it should be understood that other methods of applying the coating30cto thesmooth surface74cof theflat plate72cmay be employed, such as spraying, dipping, and the like.
• The coated surface[0091]78cof theflat plate72cis then engraved by anengraving element83c, such as a laser85cshown in FIG. 14. Engraving of the coated surface78cof theflat plate72cprovides aholographic image14con the coated surface78cof theflat plate72c. Theholographic image14cis provided with a first surface44cand asecond surface46cwhich is substantially adjacent thesmooth surface74cof theflat plate72c.
• If the coating[0092]30cused to provide the coated surface78cof theflat plate72cis formed of a non-metallic material which does not possess reflective properties necessary to provide theholographic image14c, a metallic constituent or component (not shown) is applied to the engraved coated surface78cof theflat plate72cto provide theholographic image14c. This process is substantially similar to the metallizing of the embossedcoated surface34 of thecylindrical drum20 by a metallizing constituent orcomponent50 to provide theholographic image10 as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 5 and described in detail above.
• Once the[0093]holographic image14chas been produced, a bonding material54c, which is substantially similar to thebonding material54 as described hereinbefore, is applied to theholographic image14cby a bonding material applicator86c, as shown in FIG. 15. It will be understood that other methods of applying the bonding material54cto theholographic image14con theflat plate72cmay be employed, such as spraying, brushing, etc. The bonding material54capplied to theholographic image14cis contacted with the substrate12cas illustrated in FIG. 16, thereby bondingly connecting theholographic image14cto the substrate12cand producing the sheet of holographic material10c.
• To bondingly connect the[0094]holographic image14cto the substrate12cand to transfer theholographic image14cfrom thesmooth surface74cof theflat plate72cto the substrate12c, various methods may be employed. For example, heat and/or pressure may be applied to effect the seal between the substrate12cand theholographic image14c. As shown in FIG. 16, theholographic image14cand the substrate12cmay be sandwiched between theflat plate72cand a sealing plate88cto effect a seal between the substrate12cand theholographic image14c. In addition, the sealing plate88cmay be heated to aid in effecting the seal between theholographic image14cand the substrate12c.
• It will be understood that other methods of bondingly connecting and sealing the[0095]holographic image14cand the substrate12cin the batch process which utilizes theapparatus68cfor producing the sheet of holographic material10cas described herein may be employed.
• The sheet of holographic material[0096]10cis then removed from thesmooth surface74cof theflat plate72c. Methods of removing the sheet of holographic material10cfrom theflat plate72care known in the art. The sheet of holographic material10cproduced by the batch process which utilizes theapparatus68cmay be present in different forms such as a roll or sheets of sheet of holographic material10c.
The Embodiments of FIGS.17-18
• Shown in FIGS.[0097]17-18 is a modifiedholographic material10dprovided as aroll90 ofholographic material10d. As described in detail herein previously, any of theholographic materials10 or10aproduced by a continuous process which utilizes theapparatus17 or17aor the holographic materials10bor10cproduced by a batch process which utilizes theapparatus68bor68cmay be provided as a roll of holographic material. Theholographic material10dmay be withdrawn from theroll90 and severed or disconnected to provide a sheet of holographic material similar to the sheets ofholographic material10,10a,10band10chereinbefore described with reference to FIGS. 1, 4,7 and12, respectively, or to provide decorative elements such as decorative grass or glitter, as described in detail hereinafter.
• The[0098]roll90 ofholographic material10dmay be supported on a journally mountedshaft92, substantially as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. Theholographic material10dis withdrawn from theroll90 via a leadingedge94 until a predetermined length of theholographic material10dhas been withdrawn from theroll90 ofholographic material10d. In this position, a portion of theholographic material10dis disposed under aknife assembly96 having a plurality of knife edges97. Theknife assembly96 is connected to anactuator98 adapted to move theknife assembly96 in afirst direction100 and in asecond direction102. When the predetermined length ofholographic material10dhas been withdrawn from theroll90 ofholographic material10d, theactuator98 moves theknife assembly96 in thefirst direction100 to a position wherein theknife assembly96 severingly engages theholographic material10dto shreddingly cut a plurality ofelongated strips101 of theholographic material10dfrom theroll90 ofholographic material10d.
• In another optional mode, the[0099]actuator98 may then turn theknife assembly96 to thesecond direction102 wherein theknife assembly96 severingly re-engages the plurality ofelongated strips101 ofholographic material10d, thereby causing theelongated strips101 of theholographic material10dto be severed into segments of decorative grass103 (FIG. 17) or into small pieces104 (FIG. 18), for use as glitter, confetti, tinsel, decorative flakes, decals, labels, stickers, sequins, icicles for Christmas trees, imitation snow and the like (it will be appreciated that this process is represented schematically in the drawings). Theactuator98 may comprise a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder or a motor and gear arrangement or any other form of arrangement suitable for moving theknife assembly96 in thedirections100 and102. After theknife assembly96 has cuttingly severed the desired portion ofholographic material10dfrom theroll90 of theholographic material10d, theactuator98 moves theknife assembly96 in adirection106 to a storage position disposed a distance above theholographic material10d. Alternatively, the leadingedge94 of theholographic material10dmay be run across afirst knife assembly96 set in the surface (not shown) to form theelongated strips101 ofholographic material10d, wherein theactuator98 actuates a second knife edge (not shown) to cross-cut theelongated strips101 ofholographic material10dinto segments ofdecorative grass103 orsmall pieces104 for use as glitter, confetti, tinsel and the like. Apparatus and methods for making decorative shredded materials and the like are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,646,388, entitled “APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WEIGHED CHARGES OF LOOSELY AGGREGATED FILAMENTARY MATERIAL”, issued to Weder et al on Mar. 3, 1987, which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein. However, it will be understood that while the primary uses of the segments ofgrass103 and thesmall pieces104 ofholographic material10dare for decorative purposes, the segments ofgrass103 andsmall pieces104 ofholographic material10dmay also be used for purposes other than decorative purposes, such as but not by way of limitation, uses for scattering light for camouflage or scattering radar beams, as well as for producing sunscreens, pigments, paints, inks and adhesives.
• It will be appreciated that the[0100]holographic material10dmay be a laminate formed by laminating a sheet of material such as a transparent polymeric film to either surface of a holographic material, such as one of the holographic materials10-10cproduced as described in detail herein before. The transparent polymeric film of theholographic material10dincreases the thickness of theholographic material10dwhile still maintaining visual display of the holographic image14d, and thus thegrass103 orsmall pieces104 of theholographic material10dproduced upon cutting theholographic material10dwill have a larger volume at substantially less cost than thegrass103 orsmall pieces104 produced from theholographic material10dwhich is not a laminate containing the transparent polymeric film. In addition, barrier properties, heat resistant properties and other desirable properties can be provided to theholographic material10dby lamination of different types of sheets of material to the holographic material to provide theholographic material10d.
Embodiments of FIGS.19-21
• As noted previously, the sheet of[0101]holographic material10 may be used to wrap afloral grouping110. “Floral grouping” as used herein will be understood to include cut fresh flowers, artificial flowers, a single flower, other fresh and/or artificial plants or other floral materials and may include other secondary plants and/or ornamentation or artificial or natural materials which add to the aesthetics of the overall floral arrangement. Thefloral grouping110 comprises a bloom orfoliage portion112 and astem portion114. The term “floral grouping” may be used interchangeably herein with the term “floral arrangement”.
• In a method of use, a modified sheet of holographic material[0102]10eis provided, which is similar to the sheet ofholographic material10 shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail previously, except as described below. The sheet of holographic material10ehas anupper surface116, alower surface118, afirst side120, a second side122, andthird side124 and afourth side126. A strip ofbonding material128 is disposed on theupper surface116 and near thefirst side120 of the sheet of holographic material10e, the strip ofbonding material128 extending between the third andfourth sides124 and126, respectively, of the sheet of holographic material10e.
• The[0103]floral grouping110 having thebloom portion112 and the stem portion114 (FIG. 19) is disposed on theupper surface116 of the sheet of holographic material10e. The sheet of holographic material10eis then wrapped about thefloral grouping110 by taking the second side122 of the sheet of holographic material10eand rolling the sheet of holographic material10ein adirection130 about the floral grouping110 (FIG. 20). The sheet of holographic material10eis continued to be rolled about thefloral grouping110 until a portion of thebonding material128 is disposed adjacent a portion of thelower surface118 of the sheet of holographic material10eand brought into bonding contact or engagement therewith (FIG. 21), thereby bondingly connecting thebonding material128 on theupper surface116 of the sheet of holographic material10eto a portion of thelower surface118 of the sheet of holographic material10efor cooperating to secure the sheet of holographic material10ein a wrapped condition about thefloral grouping110 to provide awrapper132 wrapped about thefloral grouping110, as shown in FIG. 21.
• In the wrapped condition with the sheet of holographic material[0104]10ewrapped about thefloral grouping110 as shown in FIG. 21, thewrapper132 forms a conical shape with an openupper end134 and an openlower end136. Thewrapper132 covers a portion of thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110. A portion of thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 extends through the openlower end136 of thewrapper132. Thewrapper132 is tightly wrapped about thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110. Thebonding material128 on the sheet of holographic material10emay contact and engage some of thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 to cooperate in securing thewrapper132 so that thewrapper132 is tightly wrapped about thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 and to prevent thefloral grouping110 from slipping or moving within thewrapper132.
• At least a portion of the[0105]floral grouping110 is disposed within thewrapper132. In some applications, thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 extends through the openlower end136 of thewrapper132, as described before. In other applications, thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 does not extend through the openlower end136 of thewrapper132. In some applications, thewrapper132 is tightly wrapped about thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110. Thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 is disposed adjacent or above the openupper end134 of thewrapper132 and thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 is visible via the openupper end134 of thewrapper132. In some instances, thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 may extend beyond the openupper end134 of thewrapper132. In some applications, theupper end134 of thewrapper132 may be closed is desired. In some applications, thelower end136 of thewrapper132 may be closed if desired.
• The[0106]wrapper132, as shown in FIG. 21, is generally conically shaped. The sheet of sheet of holographic material10emay also be wrapped about thefloral grouping110 to form a cylindrically shapedwrapper132ahaving an openupper end134aand an open lower end136asubstantially as shown in FIG. 22, or any other shape wrapper if desired in a particular application.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,181,364, entitled “WRAPPING A FLORAL GROUPING WITH SHEETS HAVING AN ADHESIVE OR COHESIVE MATERIAL APPLIED THERETO”, issued to Weder et al on Jan. 26, 1993, which has been incorporated by reference herein above, discloses methods of wrapping a floral grouping in a cylindrically-shaped wrapper.[0107]
Embodiments of FIGS.23-28
• As noted above, a sheet of holographic material[0108]10fmay be used to provide adecorative cover140 for an object such as aflower pot142 or apotted plant144. The term “flower pot” refers to any type of container used for holding a floral grouping or a plant. Examples of flower pots used in accordance with the present invention are clay pots, plastic pots, wooden pots, pots made from natural and/or synthetic fibers, and the like.
• The[0109]flower pot142 has an openupper end146, a closedlower end148, and an outerperipheral surface150. Anopening152 intersects the openupper end146 forming an innerperipheral surface154 and a retainingspace156. Aplant158 and growing medium160 (shown in FIG. 28) may be disposed in theflower pot142, thereby forming thepotted plant144.
• To form the sheet of holographic material[0110]10finto thedecorative cover140 about the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142, both theflower pot142 and the sheet of holographic material10fare provided. The sheet of holographic material10fis desirably formed of a flexible yet shape-sustaining material. Theflower pot142 is disposed upon theupper surface116fof the sheet of holographic material10fso that the closedlower end148 of theflower pot142 is disposed substantially adjacent a portion of theupper surface116fof the sheet of holographic material10f. To cover the object, the sheet of holographic material10fmay be manually or automatically formed about the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 orpotted plant144.
• In one embodiment of a manual application of wrapping the sheet of holographic material[0111]10fabout theflower pot142 to provide thedecorative cover140 for theflower pot142, the sheet of holographic material10fis wrapped about the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 so that theupper surface116fof the sheet of holographic material10fis disposed substantially adjacent the outerperipheral surface150 of the flower pot142 (FIGS. 24 and 25) to form thedecorative cover140 about theflower pot142 wherein theholographic image14fof the sheet of holographic material10fis visible and thereby provides the desired holographic effect to the decorative cover140 (FIG. 25). That is, thelower surface118fof the sheet of holographic material10fbecomes anouter surface164 of thedecorative cover140 and at least a portion of theholographic design14fconstitutes at least a portion of the decor of thedecorative cover140. Methods of manually wrapping a material about a flower pot are known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
• The[0112]decorative cover140 comprises abase portion172 and a skirt portion174. Thebase portion172 of thedecorative cover140 is dimensioned to encompass at least a portion of the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 such that the openupper end146 of theflower pot142 remains substantially uncovered by thedecorative cover140, and the skirt portion174 of thedecorative cover140 extends outwardly from thebase portion172 of thedecorative cover140.
• Another method for forming the[0113]decorative cover140 about aflower pot142 using the sheet of sheet of holographic material10fis disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,521, entitled “COVER FORMING APPARATUS”, issued to Weder et al on Mar. 29, 1988, which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.
• The[0114]decorative cover140 formed by wrapping the sheet of holographic material10fabout theflower pot142 may be secured to the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 by the use of one or more bonding materials described herein. Abonding material161, such as a pressure sensitive adhesive, may be disposed on theupper surface116fof the sheet of holographic material10fto secure thedecorative cover140 about the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142. In such instance, a portion of the overlapping folds163 formed in thedecorative cover140 may be connected via thebonding material161 and a portion of the overlapping folds163 may remain unconnected.
• Alternatively, the sheet of holographic material[0115]10fmay be constructed of a shape-sustaining material such that no bonding material is required to form thedecorative cover140. Upon wrapping the shape-sustaining sheet of holographic material10fabout the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 to form thedecorative cover140, the plurality of overlapping folds163 formed therein are dead folds. The term “dead folds” as used herein is understood to mean the formation of pleats wherein the pleats are unsecured (i.e., not bondingly connected) but maintain their pleated configuration, such as when one folds metal foil.
• Another method of securing the[0116]decorative cover140 to theflower pot142 is by applying a band (not shown) about thedecorative cover140 and theflower pot142 to hold thedecorative cover140 in place about theflower pot142 such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,599, entitled “MEANS FOR SECURING A DECORATIVE COVER ABOUT A FLOWER POT”, issued to Weder on Apr. 21, 1992 and which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference.
• The term “band” when used herein refers to any material which may be secured about an object such as a flower pot, such bands commonly being referred to as elastic bands, rubber bands or non-elastic bands and also includes any other type of material such as an elastic or non-elastic string, elastic or non-elastic piece of material, a round piece of material, a flat piece of material, a ribbon, a piece of paper strip, a piece of plastic strip, a piece of wire, a tie wrap or a twist tie or combinations thereof or any other device capable of gathering the holographic material to removably or substantially permanently form a crimped portion and secure the crimped portion formed in the holographic material which may be secured about an object such as the flower pot. The band may also include a bow if desired in a particular application.[0117]
• Once the[0118]decorative cover140 is constructed by wrapping the sheet of holographic material10fabout aflower pot142 and thedecorative cover140 is secured to theflower pot142, growingmedium160 and aplant158 may be disposed in theflower pot142 to which thedecorative cover140 is secured, thereby resulting in a decoratively cover pottedplant170 as shown in FIG. 28.
• Alternatively, the sheet of holographic material[0119]10fmay be formed into a preformed decorative cover162 (FIG. 26) which is then placed about the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 orpotted plant144. The preformeddecorative cover162 has an opening166 and comprises abase portion176 and askirt portion178. Thebase portion176 of the preformeddecorative cover162 is dimensioned to encompass at least a portion of the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 when theflower pot142 is disposed in the preformeddecorative cover162. Theskirt portion178 of the preformeddecorative cover162 extends outwardly from thebase portion176 of the preformeddecorative cover140. The preformeddecorative cover162 is self-supporting by virtue of overlapping folds168 wherein at least a portion of the overlapping folds168 are bonded together, thereby providing structural integrity to the preformeddecorative cover162. Theholographic design14fof the sheet of holographic material10fprovides at least a portion of the decor of the preformeddecorative cover162.
• The preformed[0120]decorative cover162 may be formed using aconventional mold system165 comprising amale mold167 and afemale mold169 having amold cavity171 for matingly receiving the male mold167 (FIG. 27). The sheet of holographic material10fis positioned between the male andfemale molds165 and167, respectively. Movement of themale mold167 in the direction173 and into themold cavity171 of thefemale mold169 forces the sheet of holographic material10fto be disposed about the portion of themale mold167 disposed in themold cavity171 of thefemale mold169 and thereby forms the sheet of holographic material10finto the preformed decorative cover162 (FIGS. 26 and 27). The preformeddecorative cover162, which may be constructed from the materials described herein above, may have a bonding material disposed upon a portion thereof.
• Methods for forming such preformed decorative pot covers are well known in the art. One method for forming such a preformed plant cover or pot cover is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,773,182 entitled “ARTICLE FORMING SYSTEM”, issued to Weder et al on Sep. 27, 1988, which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. Another method for forming such covers is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,721 entitled “COVER FORMING APPARATUS HAVING PIVOTING FORMING MEMBERS”, issued to Weder et al on Mar. 8, 1994, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference.[0121]
• A potted[0122]plant144 can be disposed in the opening166 of the preformeddecorative cover162 such that the openupper end146 of theflower pot142 remains substantially uncovered by the preformeddecorative cover162, thereby also resulting in a decoratively coveredpotted plant170 as shown in FIG. 28.
• The term “potted plant” as used herein refers to a plant having a bloom or foliage portion, a stem portion and a root portion, the root portion being disposed in a growing medium. The term “potted plant” as used herein also includes botanical items and propagules.[0123]
• The term “botanical item” when used herein refers to a natural or artificial herbaceous or woody plant, taken singly or in combination. The term “botanical item” also refers to any portion or portions of natural or artificial herbaceous or woody plants including stems, leaves, flowers, blossoms, buds, blooms, cones or roots, taken singly or in combination, or in groupings of such portions such as a bouquet or a floral grouping.[0124]
• The term “propagule” when used herein refers to any structure capable of being propagated or acting as an agent of reproduction including seeds, shoots, stems, runners, tubers, plants, leaves, roots or spores.[0125]
• The term “growing medium” when used herein refers to any liquid, solid or gaseous material used for plant growth or for the cultivation of propagules, including organic and inorganic materials such as soil, humus, perlite, vermiculite, sand, water, and including the nutrients, fertilizers or hormones or combinations thereof required by the plants or propagules for growth.[0126]
Embodiments of FIGS.29-35
• Shown in FIGS.[0127]29-32 and designated therein by thegeneral reference numeral180 is a wrapper for afloral grouping110 constructed from aholographic material10gwhich is substantially similar to theholographic material10 shown in FIG. 1 and described in detail herein previously. Thewrapper180 comprises asleeve182, which is generally tubular in shape, and thefloral grouping110. Thesleeve182, as illustrated in FIG. 29, has afirst end184, asecond end186, an outerperipheral surface188 and anopening190 intersecting both thefirst end184 and thesecond end186, forming an innerperipheral surface192 and providing a retainingspace194 therein. Theholographic design14gof the holographic material log is visible on the outerperipheral surface188 of thesleeve182. It should be noted that thesecond end186 of thesleeve182 may be closed, forming a closed second end, in which case theopening190 only intersects thefirst end184 of thesleeve182. Sleeves and their construction are well known in the art, and sleeves are commercially available, as are various devices and mechanisms capable of forming sleeves.
• The[0128]sleeve182 is adapted to receive afloral grouping110 within the retainingspace194 thereof. The floral grouping110 (FIG. 30) may be disposed in theopening190 in thesleeve182 and contained substantially in the retainingspace194 of thesleeve182, thereby forming thewrapper180, as will be described in detail below.
• A[0129]bonding material196 may be disposed on at least a portion of the innerperipheral surface192 of the sleeve182 (FIG. 31), or alternatively, thebonding material196 may be disposed on the outerperipheral surface188 of thesleeve182 as illustrated in FIG. 32, or in a further alternative, thebonding material196 may be disposed on both the innerperipheral surface192 and the outerperipheral surface188 of the sleeve182 (not shown).
• The[0130]bonding material196 may further comprise a color, or a combination of colors, as previously described herein. Further, thebonding material196 may comprise at least a portion of a design on thesleeve182. The term “design” as used herein is defined as any geometric form, or any combination of geometric forms, for example, squares, round spots, triangles, rectangles, octagonals, or the like (not shown). The term “design” is further defined as any non-geometric, asymmetrical or fanciful forms, or any combination thereof, for example, but not by way of limitation, hearts, balloons, flowers, lace, slogans, logos, print (any combination of letters, numbers and/or symbols), signs, human forms (real and fictional), animal forms (real and fictional), cartoon characters, and/or plant forms.
• Such a design may comprise a color or a portion of a color or any combination of colors. Alternatively, at least a portion of the design may be colorless, translucent, transparent, opaque, pearlescent, iridescent, or the like.[0131]
• However, it will be understood that the[0132]sleeve182 may not be provided with a bonding material disposed thereon, and other methods and devices, such as a band, may be employed to secure thesleeve182 about thefloral grouping110 to form thewrapper180. Such bands and methods of use thereof have been described in detail hereinbefore.
• The[0133]sleeve182 is generally tubularly shaped, but thesleeve182 may be, by way of example only, cylindrical, conical, frusto-conical, or a combination of both frusto-conical and cylindrical (not shown). Further, as long as thesleeve182 is capable of receiving afloral grouping110, any shape ofsleeve182, whether geometric, non-geometric, asymmetrical and/or fanciful, may be utilized.
• In a general method of use, illustrated in FIGS.[0134]30-32, at least a portion of thefloral grouping110 is disposed within thesleeve182. In some applications, thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 extends into thesleeve182 via the openfirst end184 of thesleeve182, extending through and beyond the opensecond end186 of thesleeve182. Thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 is therefore disposed adjacent the openfirst end184 of thesleeve182 and thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 is visible via the openfirst end184 of the sleeve182 (FIGS.30-32). In some instances, thebloom portion114 of thefloral grouping110 may extend above the openfirst end184 of thesleeve182. In some applications, thefirst end184 of thesleeve182 may be closed if desired (not shown). In some circumstances, thesecond end186 of thesleeve182 may be closed if desired (not shown).
• In one method of use (FIGS.[0135]30-32), an operator provides the sleeve182 (FIG. 29), and the floral grouping110 (FIG. 30). The operator then disposes thefloral grouping110 into thesleeve182 by opening thesleeve182 at thefirst end184 and disposing thefloral grouping110 into theopening190 in thesleeve182 and the retainingspace194 of thesleeve182 by inserting first thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 into the retainingspace194 of thesleeve182 via theopening190 intersecting thefirst end184 of thesleeve182, in a manner which permits a portion of thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 to be disposed in the retainingspace194 adjacent thesecond end186 of thesleeve182, thesecond end186 generally having the narrowest diameter. By inserting thefloral grouping110 into thesleeve182 in this manner, thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 is also disposed in the retainingspace194 of thesleeve182 and thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 is disposed substantially adjacent thefirst end184 of thesleeve182, thefirst end184 generally having the widest diameter. In this method, at least a portion of thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 extends slightly beyond thesecond end186 of thesleeve182, and thebloom portion112 of thefloral grouping110 is clearly visible at the openfirst end184 of thesleeve182.
• The[0136]sleeve182 may then be crimped about thefloral grouping110 as shown in FIGS.31-32. The crimping operation is conducted by an operator after thefloral grouping110 is disposed in thesleeve182 by crimping at least a portion of thesleeve182 in the area of thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110, wherein thebonding material196 retains thesleeve182 in the crimped condition. Such crimping may be conducted by hand, by grasping and substantially encompassing with one or more hands thesecond end186 of thesleeve182 in the area of thebonding material196 and evenly and firmly squeezing that portion of thesleeve182 about the area having thebonding material196, thereby pressing and gathering both thesleeve182 and thebonding material196 against itself and about thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110. Thesleeve182 may also be crimped by using both a crimping motion (as described above) and a turning motion to create a twisted crimping, resulting in asleeve182 which is both crimped as previously described, and which is twisted about at least a portion of thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110, thesleeve182 adjacent thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110 being rotated about thestem portion114 of thefloral grouping110, for example but not by way of limitation, between about one-eighth of a turn to about a full turn (not shown).
• When the[0137]sleeve182 is crimped, a plurality of overlapping folds198 are formed in the crimped area. The plurality of overlapping folds198 (only one overlapping fold designated by thereference numeral198 in FIGS. 31 and 32) resulting from the gathered, crimped material of thesleeve182 may be connected, that is, all of the overlapping portions of thesleeve182 are bondingly connected together via thebonding material196. A plurality of overlapping folds198 may be formed by hand, during crimping, or by mechanical methods and devices. Such mechanical methods and devices are disclosed generally in “ARTICLE FORMING SYSTEM”, which has previously been incorporated by reference herein. Alternatively, the crimping may be conducted in a manner in which not all of the plurality of overlapping folds198 are bondingly connected together. It will be appreciated that the plurality of overlapping folds198 (connected or unconnected) are formed primarily in the crimped area. Such crimping as described above may also be conducted by any device or mechanism known in the art and used for gathering or crimping materials.
• Alternatively, the[0138]sleeve182 may remain uncrimped. Thebonding material196 disposed upon thesleeve182 may cause thesleeve182 to bondingly connect to portions of itself, causing thesleeve182 to conform, either generally or closely (depending, as will be appreciated, upon the amount ofbonding material196 and the amount ofholographic material10gof thesleeve182 which overlaps and connects to itself) to thefloral grouping110.
• When the[0139]floral grouping110 is disposed in thesleeve182 by any method described herein, or known in the art, thesleeve182 substantially surrounds and encompasses a substantial portion of thefloral grouping110. When thesleeve182 is disposed about thefloral grouping110, thesleeve182 forms awrapper180 which provides a decorative packaging for thefloral grouping110 contained therein.
• It will be appreciated that the[0140]sleeve182 has sufficient flexibility but also sufficient rigidity to both remain in and sustain its general shape, thereby substantially surrounding and encompassing thefloral grouping110.
• Illustrated in FIGS.[0141]33-35 is a decorative cover140afor aflower pot142 which is constructed from a sheet ofholographic material10g. The decorative cover140ais substantially similar in construction to thedecorative cover140 previously described herein with the exceptions hereinafter described. The decorative cover140acomprises asleeve182a, which is substantially similar to thesleeve182 illustrated in FIG. 29, and may extend over the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142. Thesleeve182aincludes anupper portion200 and alower portion202. Thelower portion202 of thesleeve182ais sized to closely surround and encompass aflower pot142 disposed within thesleeve182a, while theupper portion200 of thesleeve182aextends upwardly from theflower pot142 disposed in thesleeve182a. Theupper portion200 of thesleeve182ais detachable from thelower portion202 of thesleeve182aviavertical perforations204 and/or circumferential perforations206 which extend about thesleeve182aadjacent to or above the openupper end146 of theflower pot142, as illustrated in FIGS.33-35, thereby forming a decorativeflower pot cover208 having aholographic image14gthereon. Theholographic design14gof theholographic material10gis visible on at least a portion of thelower portion202 of thesleeve182a, and theholographic design14gof theholographic material10gmay be visible on at least a portion of both the upper andlower portions200 and202, respectively, of thesleeve182a.
• In one method of use, the[0142]flower pot142 having growingmedium160 and afloral grouping110 or aplant158 disposed therein is disposed in thesleeve182asuch that thelower portion202 of thesleeve182ais positioned substantially adjacent the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142 and theupper portion200 of thesleeve182aextends upwardly from theflower pot142. In this manner, theupper portion200 of thesleeve182asubstantially surrounds and encompasses at least a portion of thefloral grouping110 orplant158 disposed in theflower pot142.
• The[0143]sleeve182amay have a bonding material (not shown) disposed thereupon such that the second end186aof thesleeve182acan be connected to theflower pot142. Alternatively, a bonding material may be disposed upon the outerperipheral surface150 of theflower pot142. In a further alternative, the bonding material may be disposed on both theflower pot142 and thesleeve182a(not shown).
• Alternatively, the[0144]sleeve182amay extend over aflower pot142 already covered by a decorative cover such as thedecorative covers140 or162 (FIGS. 25 and 26), thesleeve182aoften being torn away from thedecorative cover140 or162 after shipment and delivery (not shown).
• It will be appreciated that the method of disposing the[0145]flower pot142 into thesleeve182ais generally substantially similar to the method described above for disposing thefloral grouping110 into thesleeve182.
Embodiment of FIG.36
• Shown in FIG. 36 and designated therein by the[0146]general reference numeral210 is a wrapper for afloral grouping212 comprising a sleeve182band afloral grouping212, the sleeve182bbeing constructed from theholographic material10gand being substantially similar to thesleeve182 as shown in FIGS.29-32 and described in detail herein previously. Thewrapper210 is similar to thewrapper180 above, except that thewrapper210 is a narrow tubular shape which is constructed to accommodate afloral grouping212 comprising generally only asingle bloom214 andstem216. Theholographic design14gof theholographic material10gis visible on at least a portion of the sleeve182b, thereby providing thewrapper210 with a holographic effect.
• The method of use of the[0147]wrapper210 is similar to the method of use of thewrapper180 shown in FIGS.29-32 and described in detail herein above.
• For the sake of brevity, only the use of holographic materials similar to the[0148]holographic material10 for providing decorative covers and wrappers for floral groupings such as cut flowers and potted plants have been described herein. However, it will be understood that holographic materials similar to theholographic materials10a-10dmay be used in the same manner. In addition, while several uses of the holographic materials10-10dhave been disclosed herein, other products which can be produced from the holographic materials of the present invention include sunglasses, sun visors, controlled spectrum lighting, decorative functional boxes and bags, ornaments, window decorations, clothing, signs, highway markings, anti-counterfeiting and copying devices, toys and toy enhancements, heat shielding, radiation shielding, spectrum-modifying glazing and other spectrum-modifying devices, protective coverings for solar cells, insulating material for buildings, refrigerators and freezers, and other insulating needs, greenhouse and terrarium films, UV blocking materials, and photographic and light filters.
• From the above description, it is clear that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and to attain the advantages mentioned herein as well as those inherent in the invention. While presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been described for purposes of this disclosure, it will be understood that numerous changes may be made which will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and which are accomplished within the spirit of the invention disclosed and as defined in the appended claims.[0149]

Claims (18)

What is claimed is:

1. A continuous process for applying a holographic image to a substrate to produce a holographic material, the continuous process comprising:

providing a printing element having a polished surface;

applying a coating capable of receiving a holographic image to the polished surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface;

engraving the coated surface to provide a holographic image thereon, the holographic image having a first surface and a second surface wherein the second surface of the holographic image is disposed substantially adjacent the polished surface of the printing element;

applying a bonding material to the first surface of the holographic image; and

disposing a substrate adjacent the first surface of the holographic image containing the bonding material so as to bondingly connect the holographic image to the substrate, thereby producing the holographic material and thus removing the holographic material from the polished surface of the printing element.

2. The continuous process ofclaim 1 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is selected from the group consisting of a cylindrical drum and a roller.

3. The continuous process ofclaim 2 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of chrome, stainless steel and tool steel.

4. The continuous process ofclaim 2 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the polished surface of the printing element is resilient.

5. The continuous process ofclaim 2 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the polished surface of the printing element is non-resilient.

6. The continuous process ofclaim 1 wherein, in the step of applying a coating, the coating is selected from the group consisting of metallic polymeric film, non-metallic polymer film, foil, metallized lacquer, non-metallized lacquer, iridescent film, ink containing metallized glitter mixed with a lacquer, and combinations thereof.

7. The continuous process ofclaim 1 wherein, in the step of disposing a substrate adjacent the first surface of the holographic image, the substrate is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of polymeric film, foil, paper, tissue, laminates thereof and combinations thereof.

8. The continuous process ofclaim 7 wherein the substrate has a substantially rough, textured surface.

9. The continuous process ofclaim 13 wherein the substrate has a smooth surface.

10. A continuous process for applying a holographic image to a substrate to produce a holographic material, the process comprising:

providing a printing element having a polished surface;

applying a coating capable of receiving a holographic image to the polished surface of the printing element to provide a coated surface;

engraving the coated surface to provide an image on the coating;

applying a metallic constituent or component to the image to provide a holographic image having a first surface and a second surface wherein the second surface of the holographic image is disposed substantially adjacent the polished surface of the printing element;

applying a bonding material to the first surface of the holographic image; and

disposing a substrate adjacent the first surface of the holographic image containing the bonding material so as to bondingly connect the holographic image to the substrate, thereby producing the holographic material and thus removing the holographic material from the polished surface of the printing element.

11. The continuous process ofclaim 10 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is selected from the group consisting of a cylindrical drum and a roller.

12. The continuous process ofclaim 11 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the printing element is constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of chrome, stainless steel and tool steel.

13. The continuous process ofclaim 11 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the polished surface of the printing element is resilient.

14. The continuous process ofclaim 11 wherein, in the step of providing a printing element, the polished surface of the printing element is non-resilient.

15. The continuous process ofclaim 10 wherein, in the step of applying a coating, the coating is selected from the group consisting of polymeric film, foil, lacquer and combinations thereof.

16. The continuous process ofclaim 10 wherein, in the step of disposing a substrate adjacent the first surface of the holographic image, the substrate is selected from the group consisting of polymeric film, foil, paper, tissue, laminates thereof and combinations thereof.

17. The continuous process ofclaim 16 wherein the substrate has a substantially rough, textured surface.

18. The continuous process ofclaim 16 wherein the substrate has a smooth surface.

Images