US20020091937A1 - Random biometric authentication methods and systems - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and systems for biometrically securing access to electronic systems. A user prompted to input to the electronic system at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user. A user may be prompted to input such a biometric sample through a user interface integrated with the electronic system. A user may be permitted to perform a user-desired activity, such as accessing an ATM machine, particular data, or entry to a secure area, if at least one biometric attribute input by the user to the electronic system matches at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile. A user profile may be generally accessible from a server through the electronic system. A user profile may also be accessible from a biometric broker through the electronic system over a secure network connection. A user profile may also be accessible from a hand held device, such as a smart card, wireless PDA or wireless communication device.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 1. Technical Field of the Invention[0001]
• The present invention relates to authentication for and security of electronic systems, such as computers, kiosks, wireless devices, associated fixed and wireless networks, and mechanical systems, such as secure buildings. The present invention also relates to the use of biometric data for authenticating user identity and providing secure user access to data and/or transactions.[0002]
• 2. Description of the Related Art[0003]
• Security for electronic and mechanical systems has rapidly become an important issue in recent years. With the proliferation of computers, computer networks and other electronic device and networks into all aspects of business and daily life, the concern over secure file and transaction access has grown tremendously. The ability to secure data and transactions is particularly important for financial, medical, education, government, military, and communications endeavors.[0004]
• Using passwords is a common method of providing security for electrical or mechanical systems. Password protection and/or combination type locks are employed for computer network security, automatic teller machines, telephone banking, calling cards, telephone answering services, buildings, factories, houses and safes. These systems generally require the knowledge of an entry code that has been selected by or provided to a user or has been configured in advance.[0005]
• Pre-set codes are often forgotten, however, as users have no reliable method of remember them. Writing down the codes and storing them in close proximity to an access control device (e.g., a combination lock) results in a secure access control system with a very insecure code. Alternatively, the nuisance of trying several code variations renders the access control system more of a problem than a solution.[0006]
• Password systems are known to suffer from other disadvantages. Usually, a user specifies passwords. Most users, being unsophisticated users of security systems, choose passwords that are relatively insecure. As such, many password systems are easily accessed through a simple trial and error process.[0007]
• To secure access to particular areas, such as buildings, the most common building security system relied on traditionally has been a security guard. A security guard reviews identification cards and compares pictures thereon to a person carrying the card. The security guard provides access upon recognition or upon other criteria. Other building security systems use card access, password access, or another secure access approach. Unfortunately, passwords and cards have the same drawbacks when used for building security as when used for computer security.[0008]
• As computer networks are increasingly used to link computer systems together, applications have been developed to allow a user on a client computer system to access a service on a host computer system. For example, a user on a client system may be able to access information contained in a database on a host computer system. Unfortunately, along with this increased accessibility comes increased potential for security problems. For example, communications, including authentication, between a client system and a host system can be intercepted and tampered with while in transit over the computer network. This may allow third parties or malicious users on a client computer system to gain access to, or security codes for, a service on a host computer system without proper authorization.[0009]
• A number of systems have been developed to ensure that users do not gain unauthorized access to host computer systems. As explained above, some systems prompt a user for passwords. Such systems may also rely on PIN numbers, before granting the user access to the host computer system. As indicated above, however, passwords and PIN numbers may be forgotten or may fall into the wrong hands. Additionally, using passwords and PIN numbers for security purposes places an additional burden on institutions because passwords or PIN numbers require additional machinery and human resources to deal with customers when customers forget passwords or PIN numbers, or when customers request that passwords or PIN numbers be changed.[0010]
• As an alternative to traditional security systems, such as security guards, passwords or PIN numbers, biometric authentication systems have been developed to authorize accesses to various electronic and mechanical systems. Biometrics can generally be defined as the science of utilizing unique physical or behavioral personal characteristics to verify the identity of an individual. Biometric authentication systems are typically combined with hardware and software systems for automated biometric verification or identification. Biometric authentication systems receive a biometric input, such as a fingerprint or a voice sample, from a user. This biometric input is typically compared against a prerecorded template containing biometric data associated with the user to determine whether to grant the user access to a service on the host system.[0011]
• A biometric security access system can thus provide substantially secure access and does not require a password or access code. A biometric identification system accepts unique biometric information from a user and identifies the user by matching the information against information belonging to registered users of the system. One such biometric system is a fingerprint recognition system.[0012]
• In a fingerprint biometric system input transducer or sensor, the finger under investigation is usually pressed against a flat surface, such as a side of a glass plate; the ridge and valley pattern of the finger tip is sensed by a sensing means such as an interrogating light beam. In order to capture an image of a fingerprint, a system may be prompted through user entry that a fingertip is in place for image capture. Another method of identifying fingerprints is to capture images continuously and to analyze each image to determine the presence of biometric information such as a fingerprint.[0013]
• Various optical devices are known which employ prisms upon which a finger whose print is to be identified is placed. The prism has a first surface upon which a finger is placed, a second surface disposed at an acute angle to the first surface through which the fingerprint is viewed and a third illumination surface through which light is directed into the prism. In some cases, the illumination surface is at an acute angle to the first surface. In other cases, the illumination surface may be parallel to the first surface. Fingerprint identification devices of this nature are generally used to control the building-access or information-access of individuals to buildings, rooms, and devices such as computer terminals.[0014]
• Before the advent of computers and imaging devices, research was conducted into fingerprint characterization and identification. Today, much of the research focus in biometrics has been directed toward improving the input transducer and the quality of the biometric input data. Fingerprint characterization is thus generally well known and can involve many aspects of fingerprint analysis.[0015]
• For doorway security systems, biometric authentication systems have many known problems. For example, a user identification code, a PIN, is generally required to identify each individual in order to permit comparison of the biometric information and a single user's template. Remembering a PIN can be inconvenient and the device needed to accept a PIN are sometimes subject to damage and failure. The device is also an additional expense in a doorway access system. Since a single processor can provide processing for several doors, for a multiple doorway system, the PIN entry unit forms a significant portion of the overall system cost. It would be advantageous to provide a system wherein provision of a PIN is not always necessary for identification. To date most biometric authentication systems or services rely on some form of PIN input.[0016]
• In evaluating security of biometric authorization systems, false acceptance and false rejections are sometimes evaluated as a fraction of a user population. A security system may be characterized as allowing 1 in 1,000 false acceptances or, alternatively, 1 in 1,000,000. Typically a probability distribution curve establishes a cut off for a given registration to determine what false acceptance rate this reflects. Curves of this type are exponential in nature and, therefore for better false acceptance rates provide only nominal improvements to false acceptance rate for significant changes to a threshold value. Typically when using a biometric information sample, a low match score results in failure to authorize an individual.[0017]
• In the past, a one-to-many search of biometric information has generally been considered undesirable because security may be compromised. For example, when a single biometric template is compared and a resulting comparison having a 1/1,000,000 likelihood of false acceptance is desired, it should be clear that 1/1,000,000 users may be misidentified. When, however, a forty user system is provided with equivalent individual comparison criteria, the probability of false acceptance can escalate to 1-(0.999 999)[0018]⁴⁰which is about 1/25,000. Whereas 1/1,000,000 is generally acceptable for many applications, 1/25,000 is likely not as acceptable. Further, as the number of individual templates grows, the rate of false acceptance increases; when 250 templates exist, a likelihood of about 1/4,000 of false acceptance exists.
• In order to solve this problem, one might reduce the false acceptance rate to 1/10,000,000; however, this results in problems identifying some people and makes such a system inconvenient. A system of this type is unlikely to provide consistent results and therefore, requires a security guard at least at a door to provide access for those who are not identifiable to 1/10,000,000.[0019]
• Another potential problem with the use of biometrics is related to the unauthorized interception of a digital signal or file representing a biometric (i.e., similar to unauthorized interception of passcodes/passwords). An unauthorized user may substitute a digital signal of a biometric attribute or template by bypassing biometric readers or scanners altogether. Therefore, like passwords or passcodes, use of biometrics for security purposes and user authorization, verification, and identification is not full proof.[0020]
• Based on the foregoing, those skilled in the art can appreciate that despite the advances in biometric authentication, most biometric authentication systems are still plagued with various physical and algorithmic drawbacks. It is believed that the biometric methods and systems disclosed herein overcome such drawbacks by employing a unique random method and system of biometric identification and verification that correlates directly to biometric attributes themselves.[0021]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention provides biometric authentication methods and systems.[0022]
• It is a feature of the present invention to provide biometric authentication based on random factors.[0023]
• It is still another feature of the present invention to provide a biometric authentication methods and systems based on the random selection of biometric attributes from a user profile containing biometric information about the user.[0024]
• The above and other features of the invention are achieved as will now be further described. Methods for biometrically securing access to an electronic system are disclosed. According to one such method, a user may be prompted to input to the electronic system at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user.[0025]
• A user may be permitted to perform a user-desired activity if at least one biometric attribute input by the user to the electronic system matches the at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile. A user profile may be generally accessible from a server through the electronic system. A user profile may also be accessible from a biometric broker through an electronic system over a secure network connection. A user profile may also be accessible from a portable electronic device such as smart cards PDAs and/or other wireless hand held devices.[0026]
• Additionally, methods may include processing steps which result in obtaining at least one biometric attribute from a user for compilation in a user profile or template, compiling the user profile, and subsequently storing the user profile in a location accessible by at least one electronic system. The user may be permitted to modify the user profile in response to approval of a request by the user.[0027]
• Additionally, a method can involve the processing step of comparing at least one biometric attribute input by the user to an electronic system with at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile. The user can then be subsequently prompted to input to the electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile, if at least one biometric attribute previously input by the user to the electronic system does not match the at least one biometric attribute previously selected randomly from the user profile.[0028]
• The electronic system itself may be configured with at least one wireless device that operates with a wireless network. The electronic system can also be configured with at least one computer workstation operable over an associated network. The electronic system may be configured as an automated teller machine. The electronic system can also be configured as a secured entry system to a secured environment. The electronic system may also be part of a point of sale in a retail establishment that relies on credit card authorization to enable customer transactions. The electronic system may simply be a wireless network or a computer network, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, the electronic system may simply be a wireless device, such as, for example, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) enabled cellular telephone and/or PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).[0029]
• Biometric attributes can comprise fingerprints, facial information, voice print data, retinal data, hand geometry measurements, scanned iris data, and/or signature verification data. Other biometric attributes not listed herein may also be utilized in accordance with the present invention.[0030]
• Additionally, at least one defective biometric attribute associated with the user may be identified as defective (or otherwise un-readable), according to a method disclosed herein. Thereafter, a user can be prompted to input to the electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user.[0031]
• A user-desired activity, according to the present invention, may be, for example, a financial transaction, an ATM transaction, access to a secure area, access to data from the electronic system, and/or execution of a mechanical activity.[0032]
• In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a method for biometrically securing access to an electronic system. In such a method, a user may be prompted to input to an electronic system at least two biometric attributes randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user. The user may then be permitted to perform a user-desired activity if biometric attributes input by the user to the electronic system matches the at least two biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile.[0033]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• The novel features believed characteristic of this invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objects, and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:[0034]
• FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram illustrating components of an electronic system associated with a database containing biometric attributes in which preferred embodiments of the present invention may be implemented;[0035]
• FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram illustrating client computer systems coupled to host systems through a network in which preferred embodiments of the present invention may be implemented;[0036]
• FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram illustrating some of the functional components within the client computer system depicted in FIG. 2, which may be utilized to implement an embodiment of the present invention[0037]
• FIG. 4 depicts a diagram illustrating biometric attributes and a user profile, which may be utilized in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention;[0038]
• FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart illustrating operations for authenticating a user in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;[0039]
• FIG. 6 depicts a flow chart illustrating additional operations for authenticating a user in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;[0040]
• FIG. 7 depicts a portion of a user interface that may be implemented in accordance with the present invention; and[0041]
• FIG. 8 depicts a portion of an alternative user interface that may be implemented in accordance with the present invention.[0042]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
• The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of particular applications and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.[0043]
• Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with principles and features disclosed herein. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention are described herein, those skilled in the art can appreciate that a number of varying embodiments may be implemented in accordance with the present invention.[0044]
• FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram illustrating components of an[0045]electronic system12 associated with a database or memory containingbiometric attributes14, in which preferred embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.Database14 may be linked or integrated withelectronic system12 and may include a at least oneuser profile15 containing biometric templates (i.e., samples) of biometric attributes provided previously by particular users.Electronic system12 may interact with and communicate with a variety of devices and mechanical systems.
• [0046]Electronic system12 may, for example, communicate with acomputer workstation24. In such an example,electronic system12 may be configured as a remote computer network, such as the Internet, or a dedicated computer network operating within a particular organization, business or institution.Electronic system12 may also be configured to communicate with electromechanical systems, such as entry hardware of asecure building22. A user may accesselectronic system12 to secure entry to securebuilding22. In some applications,electronic system12 may be configured as electronics associated with or resident within the user interface (e.g., typical of non-networked systems, such as secure entries).
• Additionally,[0047]electronic system12 may be configured to communicate with an Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)20 and/or point of sale. A user attempting to retrieve cash throughATM20 can be required to authentication his or her identification, based on previously stored biometric attributes contained withindatabase14 and/oruser profile15.Database14 anduser profile15 may together function as a biometric broker that communicates as a third-party service with various mechanical systems and other devices throughelectronic system12.Electronic system12 may also communicate with afinancial institution18 andwireless device16.
• In order to communicate with[0048]wireless device16,electronic system12 may be configured as part of a wireless network. Awireless device16 may be, for example, a wireless telephone or a wireless hand held device that can communicate with wireless networks to send and receive data.Wireless device16 may be, for example, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) enabled communications device configured to authenticate the identity of a user through a biometric scanner integrated with or attached to the wireless device.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram illustrating[0049]client computer systems32,34, and36 coupled tohost computer systems48,40, and42 through anetwork30, in which preferred embodiments of the present invention may be implemented.Network30 may be any communication channel through which computer systems can communicate. This includes, but is not limited to, local area networks, such as Ethernet or Token ring, and wide area or remote computer networks, such as the Internet and World Wide Web, well known in the networking arts.
• [0050]Network30 may also be implemented as a wireless network through which wireless devices, such aswireless device16 of FIG. 1, may communicate with other devices and other systems. A client, such asclient systems32,34, and36 can be any node on a computer network including computational capability and including a mechanism for communication acrossnetwork30.Human users33,35, and37 may operateclient systems32,34, and36, respectively. A host, such ashost systems48,40 and42, can be any node on a computer network including a mechanism for servicing requests from a client for computational or data storage resources. Hosts may also be implemented as servers.
• [0051]Host systems48,40 and42 may be coupled tobiometric broker44.Biometric broker44 can be implemented as a centralized repository for storing biometric attributes (i.e., biometric data), such as fingerprint data.Biometric broker44 may also be configured as an entity that obtains biometric data form a variety of biometric databases operated by different entities and organizations, and utilizes such information for authentication purposes. FIG. 4, which will be further described herein, lists examples of biometric data that may be utilized in accordance with the present invention.Biometric broker44 may also include a mechanism for managing the biometric attributes stored as data, and may additionally include a mechanism for implementing security policies for the biometric attributes. Such policies may require specific levels of authentication for different groups of users, or for access to different servers.
• [0052]Biometric brokers44 may be implemented in any number of forms. In one possible embodiment,biometric broker44 may be implemented as a node onnetwork30, which communicates withhost systems48,40, and42 acrossnetwork30. In another possible embodiment,biometric broker44 is located on a host, such ashost system48.
• The example illustrated in FIG. 2 may operate generally as follows. A user, such as[0053]user33, works on a client, such asclient system32.User33 requests access to resources onhost system48 acrossnetwork30. In response to this request,host system48 attempts to authenticateuser33. In doing so,host system48 requests a biometric attribute (i.e., biometric data) frombiometric broker44.Biometric broker44 returns a biometric attribute or biometric template, which may be compared against sample biometric attribute(s) randomly collected fromuser33. This comparison may take place at a number of locations, including atclient system32, athost system48 or atbiometric broker44. If the sample biometric attribute collected fromuser33 matches the biometric attribute retrieved frombiometric broker44,user33 may be permitted to access resources onhost system48.
• Providing a centralized authentication service such as[0054]biometric broker114 has a number of advantages. One advantage is generally that centralized revocation can be supported. For example, an employee in an organization typically has access to a number of different resources on a number of different host systems. When this employee leaves the organization, it often takes a long time to explicitly revoke the employee's access rights on all host systems. Under a centralized revocation scheme, such revocation only needs to take place once at the centralized revocation service since the disparate host systems always look to the centralized revocation service to authenticate a user.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram illustrating some of the functional components within[0055]client computer system32 that may be utilized to implement an embodiment of the present invention. Note that in FIGS.2 and3 identical parts are represented by identical reference numerals. As mentioned above,client system32 can be any node on a computer network including computational capability and including a mechanism for communication acrossnetwork30. In the illustrated embodiment,client system32 includesuser interface62,networking code64 andadapter66. These functional components can be implemented in software running on, for example, a client CPU.User interface62 provides a mechanism through whichuser33 can operateclient system32.Networking code64 may include a library of functions, which allowclient system32 to communicate acrossnetwork30.Adapter66 may include a collection of functions that implement the client portion of a biometric authentication system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• [0056]Adapter66 may communicate with sealedhardware unit58, which can be utilized to perform biometric authentication functions. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, sealedhardware unit58 can be encased in a sealed insulating layer, which prevents a malicious user ofclient system32 from monitoring the computational operations performed within sealedhardware unit58. This can prevent a malicious user from improperly gaining access tohost system48, even if the malicious user has the power to modify hardware and software resources onclient system32. The circuitry inside sealedhardware unit58 may be encased in the insulating layer in such a manner that any attempt to cut through the insulating layer to monitor the circuitry is likely to render the circuitry inoperable. Of course, such features may or may not be implemented and are presented here for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be interpreted as limited features of the present invention.
• Sealed[0057]hardware unit58 can include aCPU50, which can be any type of computational engine that can be used to perform the computational and logical operations involved in biometric authentication.Sealed hardware unit58 can additionally includethreshold storage52 andkey storage54.Threshold storage52 may be utilized as a memory location for storing threshold values indicating how closely a biometric attribute take as a biometric sample from a user must match a biometric attribute retrieved from a database throughbiometric broker44, in order to allow the user to access the host system.Key storage54 can store at least one encryption key that can be used to encrypt messages or computer checksums for communications acrossnetwork30.
• Sealed[0058]hardware unit58 may communicate withscanner60, which can be utilized to take a biometric sample (i.e., biometric attribute) fromuser33. This biometric attribute can be any type of biometric measurement ofuser33. This includes, but is not limited to, fingerprint data, retinal scan data, handwriting data, voice data (e.g., a voice print), and facial data (e.g., a face scan). Note that the biometric attributes stored as data within a database, such asbiometric database14 and/oruser profile15 of FIG. 1, may be stored as a template or biometric template.
• The components illustrated in FIG. 3 can operate as follows.[0059]User33 initiates the biometric authentication process by seeking access to resources on a host system, such ashost system48 of FIG. 2, throughuser interface62. This causes authentication code withinadapter66 to initiate communications with host system48 (i.e.,host system48 illustrated in FIG. 2). This authentication code withinadapter66 may additionally initiate operations within sealedhardware unit58 to gather a biometric attribute as a biometric sample fromuser33 throughscanner60. These authentication operations are described in more detail below with reference to the flow charts in FIGS. 5 and 6.
• FIG. 4 depicts a diagram illustrating biometric attributes and a[0060]user profile82, which may be utilized in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention. Elements ofuser profile82 in FIG. 4 can be analogous touser profile15 of FIG. 1. Biometric attributes80 may include fingerprints, voiceprints, retinal and iris information, hand geometry, facial information, and signatures. Thus, biometric authentication may be based on a variety of possible biometric measurements. Auser profile82 of a particular user will thus include one or more of the aforementioned biometric attributes. Such biometric attributes are utilized to verify the identity of the user.
• Typical biometric measurements, which may be utilized to authenticate identity, include fingerprint verification. Fingerprint images contain a large amount of information and therefore has a reliable and inherent accuracy. Fingerprint identification is generally well known in the biometric arts and has been utilized since the 1800's by law enforcement agencies to assist law enforcement officers in criminal investigations.[0061]
• Hand geometry may also be utilized to measure the physical characteristics of a user's hands and fingers. Hand geometry biometric authentication has traditionally been utilized for physical access control and time/attendance systems. Hand geometry has traditionally been limited to verification (i.e., one-to-one comparisons) rather than identification (one-to-many comparisons. Hand geometry does not measure or capture finger or palm prints, but can reliably measure the physical characteristics of an individual's hands from a three dimensional perspective.[0062]
• Voice recognition is known as another important technique for identify users. In voice recognition systems, a voiceprint is obtained from a user and stored as biometric attributes for later user identification. It is generally well known in the biometric arts that an individual's voice contains unique wavelength sound characteristics. Such characteristics can be analyzed and stored as biometric data.[0063]
• Retinal scanning is another biometric measurement technique that can be utilized in accordance with the present invention. Retinal scanning is generally based on a biometric measurement process that maps the structure of veins at the back of individual's eye. Retinal scanners typically send a beam of concentrated light into the eye. Retinal scanners, however, employ low intensity light for measuring the retina characteristics associated with an individual.[0064]
• Iris scanning is another biometric measurement technique that can be utilized in accordance with the methods and systems disclosed herein. Iris scanning, well known in the biometric arts, scans unique random patterns of an individual's iris. Such a measurement method does not rely on the iris color. Iris scanning is generally based on the fact that the color portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil contains patterns that are unique to each individual.[0065]
• An individual's signature is another important biometric attribute that can be utilized to verify the identity of an individual. Signature verification can be readily utilized with the other biometric measuring techniques utilized above.[0066]
• Facial recognition may be utilized in accordance with the present invention to enhance biometric authentication. In facial recognition techniques, a facial scan of an individual is taken and stored as data which may later be compared against a user's most recently provided facial scan to confirm or deny user identity. In typical facial scan systems, a user steps in front of a digital camera, which captures an image of the user's face. Associated software captures the image and creates a facial template.[0067]
• Some facial recognition software currently in use relies on Local Feature Analysis (LFA) to measure the size and shape of features around the eyes or center of the face captured in the image, along with the width of the bridge of the nose or distance form the nose to each eye. Such software relies on features that are not statistically change altered to weight gain or loss, aging, facial hair growth and so forth. An example of a facial recognition system that uses facial recognition software is Visionics' Faceit software, which works with simple digital Web cameras to verify a user's identity for access to computers and associated computer networks.[0068]
• Other biometric attributes are not shown in FIG. 4, but those skilled in the art can apply equally to the practice of the present invention. Such biometric attributes may include a palm print, ear shape, ear canal acoustic properties, DNA, keystroke (e.g., typing rhythm), and body odor.[0069]
• FIG. 5 illustrates a[0070]flow chart100 illustrating operations for authenticating a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The process can be initiated as indicated atblock102. A user transaction may be initiated with an electronic system, as depicted thereafter atblock104. Such an electronic system may, for example, be configured as an ATM and/or point of sale linked to a computer network that communicates with a biometric broker, such asbiometric broker44 of FIG. 2.
• As explained previously, such a biometric broker can be composed of a database containing biometric attributes and/or a user profile integrated with or in communication with the database. The user profile contains previously store biometric attributes of a particular user. A user during enrollment may provide a biometric attribute. During such an enrollment stage, samples of designated biometric attributes may be acquired. One or more unique features of the samples can then be configured to form a biometric template of one or more biometric attributes for subsequent comparison purposes.[0071]
• As depicted next at[0072]block106, the user is requested by the electronic system to provide at least one biometric attribute. The operation described atblock106 is based on random factors. In the operation depicted atblock106, the user is prompted to input to the electronic system at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user. User input of a biometric attribute can be based on this random selection. Thereafter, as illustrated atblock108, the user provides to the electronic system, the biometric attributes randomly selected by the electronic system from the user profile.
• As described next at[0073]block110, a comparison may be made between the random biometric attribute(s) selected by the electronic system from the user profile and the biometric attributes input by the user to a biometric scanner. If a match does not occur, then the process may be repeated, beginning with the operation depicted atblock104.
• If a match does occur, then as depicted at[0074]block112, the user may be permitted to perform a user-desired activity such as, for example, performing financial transactions. If a biometric attribute input by the user to the electronic system does not match one or more of the biometric attributes randomly selected from the user profile associated with the user after, for example, three attempts, the user is not permitted to perform user-desired activities or transactions.
• FIG. 6 depicts a[0075]flow chart130 illustrating additional operations for authenticating a user, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The process may be initiated, as indicated atblock132. Thereafter, as illustrated atblock134, a user initiates a transaction with an electronic system via a single biometric attribute. This single biometric attribute may be provided via, for example, a fingerprint provided by the user through a fingerprint scanner integrated with the electronic system.
• This single biometric attribute may also be provided via a smart card that is receivable by the biometric system. Biometric attributes may be previously stored within a memory location contained within the smart card for later retrieved (e.g., read or scanned by an electronic system at a point of sale or ATM) for user authentication or verification purposes using biometric method taught herein. Smart cards are generally known in the art as credit-card sized plastic cards with an embedded computer chip. The chip can either be a microprocessor with internal memory or a memory chip with non-programmable logic. The chip connection can be configured via direct physical contact or remotely through a contactless electromagnetic interface.[0076]
• Smart cards may be generally configured as either a contact or contactless smart card, or a combination thereof. A contact smart card requires insertion into a smart card reader with a direct connection to, for example, a conductive micromodule on the surface of the card. Such a micromodule may be generally gold plated. Transmission of commands, data, and card status takes place through such physical contact points.[0077]
• A contactless card requires only close proximity to a reader. Both the reader and the card may be implemented with antenna means providing a contactless link that permits the devices to communicate with one another. Contactless cards can also maintain internal chip power or an electromagnetic signal (e.g., RF tagging technology). Two additional categories of smart codes, well known in the art, which are based on contact and contactless cards are the so-called Combi cards and Hybrid cards.[0078]
• A Hybrid card generally may be equipped with two chips, each with a respective contact and contactless interface. The two chips are not connected, but for many applications, this Hybrid serves the needs of consumers and card issuers. The Combi card may be generally based on a single chip and can be generally configured with both a contact and contactless interface.[0079]
• Chips utilized in such smart cards are generally based on microprocessor chips or memory chips. Smart cards based on memory chips depend on the security of the card reader for their processing and can be utilized when low to medium security requirements. A microprocessor chip can add, delete and otherwise manipulate information in its memory. Microprocessor-based memory cards typically contain microprocessor chips with 8, 16, and 32 bit architectures.[0080]
• When a transaction is initiated with a biometric attribute, the user may input a single biometric attribute at the request of, or to initiate, the electronic system. The electronic system may be, for example, an ATM machine equipped with a biometric scanner. The biometric scanner may be configured with, for example, iris scanning, retinal scanning, and fingerprint scanning capabilities. The user may, for example, provide his or her left thumbprint, if requested by the electronic system, to initiate a transaction utilizing the electronic system. Following user input of a single biometric attribute, a user profile may be retrieved by the electronic system based on the input of a single user biometric attribute, such as a fingerprint. Again, retrieval may be from a server, electronic system memory, or portable device memory (e.g., smart card or other electronic hand held device)[0081]
• The user selects a desired user-activity at an interface associated with the electronic system, as indicated at[0082]block138, and thereafter, as illustrated atblock140, the user may be requested by the electronic system to provide at least one biometric attribute via random selection of such an attribute by the electronic system. Biometric attributes are thus randomly selected from the user profile associated with the user. The user must then provide the electronic system with biometric attributes that match the biometric attributes randomly selected from the user profile, as indicated atblock142.
• If a biometric attribute input by the user through an interface and biometric scanner associated with the electronic system does not match the biometric attributes randomly selected from the user profile, the user can be requested again, as indicated at[0083]block140. If, however, a match is made, then the user may be permitted to perform the user-desired activity, such as accessing secure data or entry to a secure building, as illustrated atblock146. The process then terminates, as indicate atblock148.
• FIG. 7 depicts a pictorial diagram[0084]200 of auser interface202 that may be implemented in accordance with the present invention. In the drawing illustrated in FIG. 7,user interface202 is shown, for example, at three different moments in time.User interface202 can be analogous touser interface64 of FIG. 3. Those skilled in the art can appreciate that auser interface202 may be of many forms depending on the type of biometric sample being requested, obtained and/or utilized. As indicated previously, a user can be requested by electronic system to provide a one or more biometric samples for authentication purposes. Biometric samples may be of different types (e.g., voice, fingerprint, eye, etc.).
• The user may be prompted to input biometric samples randomly selected by the electronic system from a user profile containing biometric attributes previously obtained from the user.[0085]User interface202 may be integrated with, for example, an ATM machine, or a secure door that accesses a secure area, such as a government building or military complex. In the example depicted in FIG. 7,user interface202 includes aniris scanner208 and afingerprint scanner206.Finger print scanner206 may be integrated with adisplay area204, which may also be integrated withiris scanner208.
• Input of a biometric attribute by a user to interface[0086]202 may be based on the random selection of a biometric attribute from a user profile. The number of biometric attributes requested from a user may also based on a random number. For example, during one authentication session, a user may be requested to provide a left index fingerprint and a left iris scan. During another authentication session, the same user may be required to provide a left index fingerprint, followed by the fingerprint of his or her right middle finger, and immediately thereafter, an iris scan of a left eye, or perhaps, a right eye.
• The selection of biometric attributes from the user profile may thus be based on a random selection. The number of required biometric samples that a user may be required to input may also be a random number. Those skilled in the art will appreciate, however, that the number of biometric attributes required to be input by a user will likely be a limited number. Thus, a user may be required to input only three biometric attributes during one authentication session, two biometric attributes during another authentication session, and five biometric attributes during another biometric session.[0087]
• Those skilled in the art can also appreciate that other biometric scanning devices may also be integrated with the[0088]user interface202, such as, for example, a retina scanner, palm scanner, voice print scanner, and so forth. Thus, the example illustrated in FIG. 7 should not be interpreted as limiting the invention. The drawing illustrated in FIG. 7 merely represents one possible embodiment in which the present invention may be implemented.
• FIG. 8 depicts a pictorial diagram[0089]220 illustrating a portion of analternative user interface222 that may be implemented in accordance with the present invention.User interface222 may communicate with or be integrated with an electronic system, such as an ATM machine or point of sale.User interface222 may be integrated with amicrophone230 that may receive a voiceprint from a user.User interface222 may also be integrated with afingerprint scanner228 that captures fingerprints as biometric data from users. Additionally,user interface222 may include acamera226 that functions for iris, retinal, and facial scanning purposes.
• Note that pictorial diagram[0090]220 illustrates first, second and third biometric attribute input stages. During a first biometric attribute input stage, a user may be prompted through a display unit231 to input his or her name or other word or phrase. The user merely speaks his or her name, for example, intomicrophone230. During a second biometric attribute input stage, the user may be requested to input his or right hand thumbprint. Finally, during a third biometric attribute input stage, the user may be requested to provide a biometric sample of his or right eye, which may be scanned as a retina or iris biometric attribute of the user. Alternatively, the user may be asked to provide a facial scan, in which case,camera226 captures a facial image of the user for biometric authentication purposes.
• Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein may be implemented in the context of associated systems for performing tasks resulting from the processing of such methods. The present invention may thus be configured as a system for biometrically securing access to an electronic system. Such a system may include modules thereof. A module, in software use, is generally a collection of routines and data structures that performs a particular task or implements a particular abstract data type. Module typically are composed of an interface, which lists the constants, data types variables, and routines that can be accessed by other modules or routines, and an implementation, which can be accessible only by the module. The implementation contains the source code that actually implements the routines in the module.[0091]
• Thus, the system described herein may include a module for prompting a user to input to the electronic system at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user. Additionally, the system can include a module for permitting the user to perform a user-desired activity if at least one biometric attribute input by the user to the electronic system matches the at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile.[0092]
• In such a system, the user profile is generally accessible from a server and/or memory through the electronic system. The user profile may also be accessible from a biometric broker through the electronic system over a secure network connection. Additionally, at least one biometric attribute may be obtained from the user for compilation in a user profile. The user profile is generally stored in a location accessible by at least one electronic system. The user is generally permitted to modify the user profile, in response to approval of a request by the user.[0093]
• Such a system can also include a module for comparing at least one biometric attribute input by the user to the electronic system with the at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile. Additionally, such a system includes a module for subsequently prompting a user to input to the electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile, if at least one biometric attribute previously input by the user to the electronic system does not match the at least one biometric attribute randomly previously selected from the user profile.[0094]
• In such a system, the electronic system may be configured as one or more wireless devices that operate with a wireless network. The electronic system may also be configured as one or more computer workstations operable over an associated network. The electronic system may comprise an automated teller machine, or a secured entry system to a secured environment. The electronic system may simply be a wireless network or a computer network, or a combination thereof. The electronic system may also be a wireless device.[0095]
• Such a system may also include a module for identifying at least one defective biometric attribute associated with the user. The user can be prompted to input to the electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user.[0096]
• The user-desired activity may comprise activities, such as, for example, a financial transaction, an ATM transaction, access to a secure area, or access to data from the electronic system. The user-desired activity may also simply comprise the execution of a mechanical activity.[0097]
• Alternatively, a system for biometrically securing access to an electronic system may include a module for prompting a user to input to the electronic system at least two biometric attributes randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of the user. Such an alternative system can also include a module for permitting the user to perform a user-desired activity, if biometric attributes input by the user to the electronic system matches the at least two biometric attribute randomly selected from the user profile.[0098]
• The embodiments and examples set forth herein are presented in order to best explain the present invention and its practical application and to thereby enable those skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the foregoing description and examples have been presented for the purpose of illustration and example only. The description as set forth is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. For example, a variety of biometric attributes may be utilized in a variety of combinations and configurations to implement particular embodiments of the present invention. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims.[0099]

Claims (44)

1. A method for biometrically securing access to an electronic system, said method comprising the steps of:

prompting a user to input to said electronic system at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of said user; and

permitting said user to perform a user-desired activity, if at least one biometric attribute input by said user to said electronic system matches said at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile.

2. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said user profile is accessible from a server through said electronic system.

3. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said user profile is accessible from a biometric broker through said electronic system over a secure network connection.

4. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the steps of:

obtaining at least one biometric attribute from said user for compilation in a user profile;

compiling said user profile; and

storing said user profile in a location accessible by at least one electronic system.

5. The method ofclaim 4 further comprising the step of:

permitting said user to modify said user profile, in response to approval of a request by said user.

6. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the step of:

comparing at least one biometric attribute input by said user to said electronic system with said at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile.

7. The method ofclaim 6 further comprising the step of:

subsequently prompting a user to input to said electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile, if at least one biometric attribute previously input by said user to said electronic system does not match said at least one biometric attribute previously randomly selected from said user profile.

8. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said electronic system comprises at least one wireless device that operates with a wireless network.

9. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said electronic system comprises at least one computer workstation operable over an associated network.

10. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said electronic system comprises an automated teller machine.

11. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said electronic system comprises a secured entry system to a secured environment.

12. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said electronic system comprises a wireless network.

13. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said electronic system comprises a computer network.

14. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said electronic system comprises a wireless device.

15. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the steps of:

identifying at least one defective biometric attribute associated with said user; and

thereafter prompting a user to input to said electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of said user.

16. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said user-desired activity comprises a financial transaction.

17. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said user-desired activity comprises an ATM transaction.

18. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said user-desired activity comprises access to a secure area.

19. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said user-desired activity comprises access to data from said electronic system.

20. The method ofclaim 1 wherein said user-desired activity comprises execution of a mechanical activity.

21. The method ofclaim 1 further comprising the step of:

initiating access to said electronic system utilizing only one biometric attribute input to said electronic system.

22. A method for biometrically securing access to an electronic system, said method comprising the steps of:

prompting a user to input to said electronic system at least two biometric attributes randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of said user; and

permitting said user to perform a user-desired activity, if biometric attributes input by said user to said electronic system matches said at least two biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile.

23. A system for biometrically securing access to an electronic system, said system comprising:

module for prompting a user to input to said electronic system at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of said user; and

module for permitting said user to perform a user-desired activity, if at least one biometric attribute input by said user to said electronic system matches said at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile.

24. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user profile is accessible from a server through said electronic system.

25. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user profile is accessible from a biometric broker through said electronic system over a secure network connection.

26. The system ofclaim 23 wherein:

at least one biometric attribute is obtained from said user for compilation in a user profile; and

said user profile is stored in a location accessible by at least one electronic system.

27. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user is permitted to modify said user profile, in response to approval of a request by said user.

28. The system ofclaim 23 further comprising:

module for comparing at least one biometric attribute input by said user to said electronic system with said at least one biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile.

29. The system ofclaim 28 further comprising:

module for subsequently prompting a user to input to said electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile, if at least one biometric attribute previously input by said user to said electronic system does not match said at least one biometric attribute randomly previously selected from said user profile.

30. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said electronic system comprises at least one wireless device that operates with a wireless network.

31. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said electronic system comprises at least one computer workstation operable over an associated network.

32. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said electronic system comprises an automated teller machine.

33. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said electronic system comprises a secured entry system to a secured environment.

34. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said electronic system comprises a wireless network.

35. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said electronic system comprises a computer network.

36. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said electronic system comprises a wireless device.

37. The system ofclaim 23 further comprising the steps of:

module for identifying at least one defective biometric attribute associated with said user; and

wherein said user is thereafter prompted to input to said electronic system at least one additional biometric attribute randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of said user.

38. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user-desired activity comprises a financial transaction.

39. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user-desired activity comprises an ATM transaction.

40. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user-desired activity comprises access to a secure area.

41. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user-desired activity comprises access to data from said electronic system.

42. The system ofclaim 23 wherein said user-desired activity comprises execution of a mechanical activity.

43. The system ofclaim 23 wherein access to said electronic system is initiated utilizing only one biometric attribute input to said electronic system.

44. A system for biometrically securing access to an electronic system, said system comprising:

module for prompting a user to input to said electronic system at least two biometric attributes randomly selected from a user profile containing biometric attributes of said user; and

module for permitting said user to perform a user-desired activity, if biometric attributes input by said user to said electronic system matches said at least two biometric attribute randomly selected from said user profile.

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