US20020032734A1 - Collateral data combined with user characteristics to select web site - Google Patents

Abstract

A system where collateral information in a file or image is used together with information concerning a particular user's characteristics to direct a user to a particular web site. A user is direct to a web site and presented with information based both upon the original collateral information and information from the data base of users characteristics. In one embodiment, a file or data stream includes collateral data that identifies the URL of a central web site. When a file containing the collateral data is transferred to a browser, the central web site is accessed and it interrogates a data base containing various information. The output of the data base search is another URL that directs the browser that received the original collateral data to another web site which then sends information to the user. In an alternate embodiment, a user uses a hand held digital camera to gather information from images such as magazine covers or product boxes. The images contain digital watermarks that carry collateral data. The collateral data is used to interrogate either a local or a remote data base which contains information pertinent to the particular user's characteristics.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS
• This application is a non-provisional application of provisional application No. 60/220,945 which was filed Jun. 26, 2000.[0001]
• Priority is also claimed for the following co-pending applications Ser. Nos.:[0002]
• 09/314,648, filed May 19, 1999[0003]
• 09/342,688, filed Jun. 29, 1999[0004]
• 09/342,689, filed Jun. 29, 1999[0005]
• 09/342,971, filed Jun. 29, 1999[0006]
• 09/343,101, filed Jun. 29, 1999[0007]
• 09/343,104, filed Jun. 29, 1999[0008]
• 60/141,468, filed Jun. 29, 1999[0009]
• 60/151,586, filed Aug. 30, 1999[0010]
• 60/158,015, filed Oct. 6, 1999[0011]
• 60/163,332, filed Nov. 3, 1999[0012]
• 60/164,619, filed Nov. 10, 1999[0013]
• 09/531,076, filed Mar. 18, 2000[0014]
• 09/543,125, filed Apr. 6, 2000[0015]
• 09/547,664, filed Apr. 12, 2000[0016]
• 09/552,998, filed Apr. 13, 2000[0017]
• 09/571,422 filed May 15, 2000[0018]
• 09/636,102 filed Aug. 10, 2000[0019]
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• The present invention relates to electronic systems and more particularly to the use of collateral data and a data base of personal characteristics to provide relevant information to a user.[0020]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• Various techniques are known for embedding collateral information in images, in files of text, in audio information and in other types of digital information. Digital watermarking (which are a particular type of steganographic data encoding) are one way of imbedding collateral information in digital files. There are many types of digital watermarks. For example, prior application Ser. No. 09/127,502, filed Jul. 31, 1998, now published as WO0007356, (which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention) shows a technique by which very fine lines can be printed on a medium to slightly change the medium's apparent tint, while also conveying digital data. Co-pending application Ser. No. 09/074,034, filed May 6, 1998, now published as WO 9953428, details how the contours of printed imagery can be adjusted to convey digital data. Issued U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,481 details how the surface of paper or other media can be textured to convey optically-detectable binary data. Issued U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,862,260, 5,841,886 and 5,809,160 detail various techniques for steganographically encoding photographs and other imagery. There are a great man other patents and a large body of literature which describe various other watermarking and steganographic techniques.[0021]
• The technology and science for collecting user preferences using the internet and other data gathering mechanisms is also well developed. For example U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,918,014 and 5,933,811 and PCT publication WO 00/38074 describe systems that collect data concerning users and which then provide to the users advertisements directed to what the system decides is their particular interests and preferences. As used herein the term “user characteristics” means any information about a user's characteristics or preferences such as the type of information discussed in the article “Privacy 2000 In Web We Trust” published in the magazine “PC World”, June 2000, pages 103 to 108.[0022]
• Systems such as the system described in co-pending application Ser. No. 09/571,422 filed May 15, 2000, utilize collateral data stored in printed images to carry a URL (Universal Resource Locator) address (or a dynamic index to a database entry storing such addresses). When a user of the system directs a camera at an image containing the collateral data, the user's web browser is directed to a particular web site.[0023]
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
• The present invention provides a system where collateral information (in a file or image) is used together with information concerning a particular user's characteristics to direct a user to a particular web site. The site to which a user is directed is selected based both upon the original collateral information and based upon information from the data base of user characteristics. In one embodiment, a file or data stream includes collateral data that identifies the URL of a central web site. When a file containing the collateral data is transferred to a browser, the central web site is accessed and it interrogates a data base containing various information including user preferences. The output of the data base search is another URL that directs the browser that received the original collateral data to another web site which then sends information to the user. In an alternate embodiment, a user uses a hand held digital camera to gather information from images such as magazine covers or product boxes. The images contain digital watermarks that carry collateral data. The collateral data is used to interrogate either a local or a remote data base which contains information pertinent to the particular user's characteristics. The output from the data base is then presented to the user. Thus, the collateral data from the original images is transformed into information particularly pertinent to the particular user.[0024]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
• FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram of a first embodiment of the invention.[0025]
• FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the operation of the system.[0026]
• FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a second embodiment.[0027]
• FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the invention.[0028]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
• An overall system diagram of a first embodiment is shown in FIG. 1. The system includes a conventional[0029]Internet web site101 and aninternet browser program102 operated by a user (who is not shown in the Figure). It should be understood that when implemented on the Internet, the system would generally include many such web sites and many such browsers. The system also includes acentral server104 which includesdata bases104A and104B. Finally the diagram shows aweb site105 which includes information of particular interest to the user ofbrowser102. Note, in an internet implemented system there would be a relatively large number ofweb sites105, each having information for particular users that have particular sets on interest and characteristics.
• The[0030]browser102 includes a watermark reading plug in program. If a web page or a file is sent tobrowser102 which contains a watermark, the watermark is detected and read by the watermark reading program inbrowser102. Co-pending application Ser. No. 09/571,422 filed May 15, 2000 which is incorporated herein by reference describes such a program.
• The flow diagram in FIG. 2 illustrates the operation of the system. The process starts when[0031]browser102 requests a file fromweb site101. The file can be a text file, an audio file or an image file. The file stored onweb site101 includes collateral data. This data may be in the form of a watermark in an image or audio file or as meta data in any type of file. The simplest situation is if the requested web page contains a watermarked image. It should however be noted that the invention can work with other types of collateral data transferred fromserver101 tobrowser102, such as for example, when audio data is transferred.
• As indicated by[0032]blocks202 and203, the file is sent to the browser and the browser extracts the collateral data from the file. If the data is in the form of a watermark in an image file or in audio data, the browser would utilize a plug-in which can read the watermark and extract the collateral data. The details of the watermark reading program per se are known in the art and are not part of the present invention.
• The collateral data extracted by the watermark reading program includes the URL of[0033]central server104 and an identifier of the file or image that contained the watermark.First data base104A is interrogated to find information concerning the organization that registered the particular watermark. This is similar to the process described in co-pending application Ser. No. 09/571,422 filed May15,2000.
• [0034]Central server104 also includes asecond data base104B which is indexed according to Globally Unique Identifiers (GUIDs). These identifiers allow the system to track references that come from aparticular browser102 without obtaining or using the actual name or e-mail address of the user. Such Globally Unique Identifiers (GUIDs) are in widespread use by firms that provide advertisements on the World Wide Web. For example see an article in the magazinePCWorldJune 2000, page 103 to 108 entitled “Privacy 2000 in Web We Trust”. Thedata base104B includes information relevant to each GUID. The information indata base104B is acquired in a conventional manner.
• The[0035]data base104A and104B also includes a list or data base ofalternate sites105. The data bases104A and104B include for each site listed, the characteristics of the users that the site owner would like to reach and the identifiers from watermarks. Thus when the collateral data in a particularimage causer browser102 to contactcentral server104, thecentral server104 makes two matches. First the identifier in the watermark is matched to registered identifiers to identify which particular image or web page contained the watermark. Second, from the GUID the server can determine the characteristics of the user. These two sets of information are used to determine the alternative site to which the user is directed.
• The following is a very simple example which illustrates the operation of the system. Assume that the GUIDs identify only three characteristics of users that are designated “characteristic one”, “characteristic two” and “characteristic three”.[0036]
• Also assume that the watermarks read by[0037]browser102 have only three different identifiers designated Identifier A, Identifier B and Identifier C. Thealternative site105 to which the user would be directed would be determined byserver104 from the information indata bases104A and104B as shown by the following table.

  TABLE 1
  	Characteristic	Characteristic	Characteristic
  	one	Two	three
  Identifier A	Site S1	Site S4	Site S7
  Identifier B	Site S2	Site S5	Site S8
  Identifier C	Site S3	Site S6	Site S9

• The point is that[0038]server104 has available two sets of information. The first identifies the image or file from which the collateral data was obtained and the second is the characteristics of the user. These two bits of information can be combined as shown above to select an appropriate site (above identified as sites S1 to S9) to which the user should be directed.
• It is specifically noted that in any practical situation there will be many more Identifiers and many more characteristics or more probably combinations of characteristics. Furthermore, many different combinations might point to the same web site. As shown above each different combination pints to a different web site S[0039]1 to S9.
• Finally as indicated by[0040]block206 in FIG. 2, data from the selectedalternate web site105 is sent to thebrowser102. The net result of the process is that the user who requests a web page or file fromweb site101 will also receive certain collateral data which may be in the form of a watermark in the web page or file. This collateral data results in a request toserver104 which using the GUID ofbrowser102 and information from the watermark, locates an appropriatealternate web site105. Information from the selectedalternate web site105 is then sent tobrowser102.
• An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3. This alternate embodiment of the invention utilizes some of the components from the Media Bridge technology commercially available from Digimarc Corporation, Tualatin Oreg. With the Media Bridge technology, one can capture a digital image and read a digital watermark which is included in the image. The digital image can be captured with a commercially available PC camera.[0041]
• In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a[0042]PC camera301A located in a hand helddevice301 captures images, which can, for example, be the front page ofmagazines302A to302X. The hand held device includes awatermark reading program301B and a data base301C that stores data concerning the user's personal preferences. The hand helddevice301 also includes a wireless Internet connection which can connect to a web sites303.
• Each of the magazine[0043]front page images302A to302X includes a digital watermark which specifies a particular URL. Thecamera301A reads the watermarks in the images,302A to302X, obtains the information from the watermark and contacts one of theweb sites303A to303X. The particular web sites contacted depends upon the information read from the watermarks. Each web site includes an expanded index of the information in the associated magazine. This index is sent tohandheld device301. The hand helddevice301 compares the information in the expanded magazine indexes to the information in the data base301C and informs the user which particular magazine has articles which match the personal preferences stored in data base301C.
• Thus a user can scan a rack of magazine covers with[0044]device301.Device301 reads the URL specified by the watermark on each magazine cover and then obtains an index of the particular magazines from a remote data base. The index is compared to the users personal preferences stored in hand helddevice301 and the user is informed as to which magazine matches the stored preferences.
• It is noted that the[0045]designations302A to302X and303A to303X is used to illustrate that the number of magazines and the number of associated web sites is an arbitrary number suited to a particular application. The designations are meant to illustrate that there is one web site303 (or one web page) for each magazine cover302.
• It is noted that as new issues of the various magazines appear, the information in[0046]web sites303A to303X change. Each magazine therefore has an identifier which directs the system to a particular web site. The web site will have the current information for that magazine.
• The present embodiment goes to a different web site for each magazine index. It noted that the various magazine indexes could be stored as different web pages on a single web site.[0047]
• In an alternate embodiment, the watermarks on the magazine images includes coded information about the content of the magazines. The hand held device can then compare the magazine content to the stored preferences and indicate a match without accessing a web site. In another alternate embodiment, the content can be stored in the hand held device and periodically synchronized with a remote source.[0048]
• It should be specifically noted that while the foregoing specification focuses on applications employing digital watermarking, the present invention can alternatively employ other data encoding techniques, including 1D and 2D barcodes, magnetic ink character recognition (MICR), optical character recognition (OCR), optical mark recognition (OMR), radio frequency identification (RF/ID), UV/IR identification technologies, data glyphs, organic transistors, magnetic stripe, etc., depending on the particular application requirements. Co-Pending application Ser. No. 09/571,422 filed May 15, 2000 describes a system that reads collateral data and which has a router and registration data base to determine an appropriate URL when a particular object is viewed. The content of application Ser. No. 09/571,422 filed May 15, 2000 is hereby incorporated herein by reference. The present invention can be applied as an extension of the system shown in application Ser. No. 09/571,422 filed May 15, 2000.[0049]
• FIG. 4 illustrates another alternate embodiment of the present invention. With the system shown in FIG. 4, there is equipment[0050]401 at a remote location connected toequipment402 which is at a central location. A user operates an originatingdevice412 at the remote location. The originatingdevice412 includes aPC camera412A which can acquire an electronic image of a printedadvertisement429. The originatingdevice412 includes awatermark reading program412B and aninternet browser412C.
• The collateral data read from the electronic image generated by[0051]camera412A is used to generate a URL which directs thebrowser412C toserver414 via theinternet432. Whenserver414 receives a request from originatingdevice412, it uses the GUID information to interrogate adata base418 which contains information about users. Theserver414 also interrogates aregistration data base417 which contains information relevant to the particular collateral data read from theobject429. These two sets of information are combined as illustrated by the simple example in table 1 above.
• The sever can therefore respond to a request from originating[0052]device412 by directing thebrowser412C to a web site (not shown in FIG. 4) which is determined by both the collateral data in theobject429 and the user's characteristics and preferences indata base418.
• The content of[0053]data base418 can be generated in any of the ways known in the art for obtaining information about particular users. It should be noted that as used herein the term “user characteristics” means any information about a user's characteristics, preferences, interests, patterns or habits. Furthermore, the term “user” in general means the person that operates or utilizes a particular terminal or system.
• It is noted that in some embodiments, the system has two data bases, one of which has information relative to the user and one of which has information concerning the detected collateral data. While such embodiments have two data bases, it should be understood that these two data bases can be implemented as and considered to be a single data base. Thus, as used herein the term data base can be understood to mean a single data base or combination of multiple databases.[0054]
• It should also be noted that the invention may be extended to other forms of media data such as audio and video data. For example, as a user listens to music or watches a video, digital watermarks imperceptibly embedded in the audio or video carry collateral data used to interrogate data bases and retrieve information pertinent to the particular listener or viewer.[0055]
• Alternative implementations of the invention use fingerprints of the content, such as a hash of perceptually relevant features of the content, to derive a content identifier from which information particular to the user can be fetched and returned. While digital watermarks embed auxiliary data imperceptibly in the content by subtly modifying it, fingerprints are dynamically derived from the content and do not require embedding of auxiliary data. Both digital watermarks and fingerprints can be used in combination to look up related information and to find information particular to the user.[0056]
• While the invention has been shown and described with respect to several different embodiments, it is noted that many other changes in form and detail can be made without departing from the sprit and scope to the invention.[0057]

Claims (18)

I claim:

1. A method of providing information to a user in a systems that includes

a first web server storing a file that includes collateral data,

a second web server that has stored therein a data base of users and associated interest profiles,

a third web server that stores web pages of interest to users with a particular interest profile, the steps of:

accessing said file and reading the collateral data to obtain the URL of said second web server,

interrogating said data base to find the interest profile of the particular user who accessed said file, and

accessing a web page having information pertinent to the particular user to provide information to said user.

2. A method of selecting objects for a particular user from a collection of objects, using a camera to read an image containing a watermark from each of said objects,

the watermark in the image on each object either directly or indirectly providing information concerning the characteristics of the associated object,

interrogating a data base to match the object characteristics to the user's characteristics,

informing the user of the object which has characteristics that match the users characteristics.

3. The method recited inclaim 2 wherein said data base contains information concerning said user's characteristics.

4. The method recited inclaim 2 wherein said system selects one object from said collection of objects and informs said user of said selection.

5. A system for directing a user to a web site, said system comprising,

a camera for acquiring an electronic image of a watermarked printed image,

a watermark reading program for reading said watermark and for generating collateral data,

a database containing information concerning said user, information relevant to said collateral data, and information concerning alternate web sites

a program for directing said user to a web site determined by information from said database.

6. The system recited inclaim 5 wherein said data base contains information concerning said user's preferences.

7. The system recited inclaim 5 wherein said base references a web sited based upon the particular collateral data read from a watermark and said user's characteristics.

8. The system recited inclaim 5 wherein said camera is a PC camera.

9. The system recited inclaim 5 wherein said camera, and said data base are contained in a portable computer.

10. The system recited inclaim 9 wherein said a portion of said data base is at a remote location and said portable computer interrogates said remote portion of said data base via the Internet.

11. The system recited inclaim 9 wherein said portable computer includes a web browser program.

12. The method recited inclaim 1 wherein said data base has information stored relative to Global Unique Identifiers (GUIDs).

13. The method recited inclaim 1 wherein each user is identified by a GUID.

14. The method recited inclaim 2 wherein said camera is a PC camera.

15. A method for accessing a particular web page for a user comprising,

acquiring an electronic image of a watermarked printed image,

reading said watermark to acquire collateral data,

interrogating a data base that has information concerning the characteristics of said user and information concerning said collateral data to select a pertinent web page,

directing said user to said selected web page.

16. The method recited inclaim 15 wherein said electronic image is acquired from a printed image containing a watermark.

17. The method recited inclaim 15 wherein said data base is interrogated over the Internet.

18. The method provided inclaim 15 wherein said user is directed to a web page by providing an URL to a web browser.

Images