US20010000457A1 - Method and apparatus for dynamic allocation of transmission bandwidth resources and for transmission of multiple audio signals with a video signal - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus are provided for dynamically allocated multiple slots within a multi-channel multi-carrier transmission system. The slots may be allocated sequentially or non-sequentially. The data transmission rate for each slot remains constant, while multiple slots may be allocated to a single user service. Each carrier signal contains header data regarding all other carriers associated with the transmission system to identify the allocation of slots to user services. In an alternative embodiment, an encoding and transmitting system is provided for transmitting one or more video and audio encoded signals in a time division multiplexed manner along separate channels having fixed bandwidths. Multiple audio channels may be transmitted simultaneously with a related single video channel, and vice versa. The time division multiplexed audio/video signals may be transmitted over a single carrier or over multiple carriers.

Description

RELATED PROVISIONAL APPLICATION
• 1. The present application relates to, and claims priority from, provisional application Ser. No. 60/002,445, filed Aug. 16, 1995.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
• 2. The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for dynamically allocating transmission bandwidth resources. Utilization of available bandwidth is maximized by a using a multiple channel, multiple carrier (MCMC) transmission scheme. The transmission rate capability of each carrier is parsed down into smaller slots which can be dynamically allocated and multiplexed to facilitate any sized user, from one slot to multiple slots. Multiple carriers are used to transmit the allocated data slots on available portions of the transmission spectrum. At least one slot of information on each carrier will be used for control information so that channels or services can be located on that particular carrier. Additionally, a separate service might be used to provide system-wide mapping or administrative functions. As a result, a user can find any service even if a channel or service location has changed. This transmission scheme allows for wide user flexibility, while also maximizing use of available transmission spectrum.
• 3. In an alternative embodiment, the present invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting at least one digitally encoded video signal with at least two digitally encoded audio signals related thereto. According to this alternative embodiment, the video and audio digital signals are combined through time division multiplexing to produce an aggregate audio/video bitstream containing data packets transmitted along at least two channels of fixed bandwidth, thereby maintaining a known fixed delay between packets of data in a given channel.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• 4. Available bandwidth on transmission systems is a valuable commodity whose value continues to increase as more and more users and applications crowd the spectrum. As a result, maximizing the use of available bandwidth is an important concern for the industry. To date, systems have not adequately provided for user flexibility in conjunction with maximum use of available bandwidth.
• 5. Current technology permits modulation of a binary base band signal into a radio frequency (RF) signal for transmission and demodulation back into base band. As shown in FIG. 1, thebase band signal1 enters themodulator3 and is converted into RF for transmission and receipt overantennas5,7.Demodulator9 converts the received signal back into abase band signal11. This transmission scheme is known as single channel per carrier (SCPC).
• 6. Modulators convert base band signals from binary into the frequency spectrum through a variety of modulation techniques. Common modulation techniques include binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadraphase shift keying (QPSK). BPSK has a conversion rate of approximately 1 kilohertz (KHZ) per 1 kilobit (KB). QPSK has a conversion rate of approximately 0.5 KHZ per 1 KB. Accordingly, QPSK is more efficient in that nearly twice as many bits of information can be transmitted over a similar frequency bandwidth. However, noise tradeoffs exist as data conversion rates increase. This limits the effectiveness of increasing bandwidth usage through modulation techniques with even higher data conversion rates.
• 7. As shown in FIG. 2, SCPC systems generate a separateRF carrier signal13,15 for each baseband input signal14,16. FIG. 3 shows a plot of power versus frequency for thecarrier signals13,15 wherein each signal occupies aseparate center frequency17,19 with aseparate bandwidth21,23. Since each channel—with a separate carrier—occupies different space on the frequency spectrum, such SCPC systems are inherently inefficient for multi-channeled systems.
• 8. Referring to FIG. 4, to maximize efficiency, thespace25 between each carrier signal must be minimized. However, as shown in FIG. 5, if this space is minimized too much, then the edges, or “skirts”27, of the carrier signals overlap and interfere with each other. This can lead to erroneous and noisy demodulation of the RF signal. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6, theskirts27 can be truncated via filtering, but then part of the original carrier signal has been excluded. This again could appear as errors or noise upon demodulation.
• 9. Current technology also includes multiple channel per carrier (MCPC) systems as shown in FIG. 7. With this system, multiple binary base band signals (or channels)31,33 are multiplexed via amultiplexor35 and then fed into amodulator37. The transmitted RF signal is then demodulated (via39) and demultiplexed (via41) into its componentbase band signals43,45. As shown by FIGS.8(a) and8(b), separate carriers— that might be produced bysignals31,33 in an SCPC system—would have the potentiallynoisy skirt overlap49, and acollective bandwidth47. By multiplexing the signals together, the resulting RF signal shown in FIG. 8(b) would have acomparable bandwidth51 and yet carry more information (e.g. up to 20% more bits), with less noise, due to more efficient use of the carrier signal across thecorresponding bandwidth51. Accordingly, MCPC systems are inherently more efficient than SCPC systems.
• 10. While MCPC systems might be more efficient, they are often used in very inefficient ways due to the inflexibility of existing transmission systems. For instance, to gain the benefits of multiplexing two (or more) signals together, information must often be transported or transmitted back to the facility where the MCPC multiplexing and transmission ultimately occurs. This practice is known as “backhauling” information. Referring to FIG. 9(a), anSCPC system56 is shown with the resulting plot ofcarrier signal57. FIG. 9(b) shows anMCPC system58 which multiplexes thesignal57 with thebackhauled signal55 to produce the resultingMCPC carrier signal59. FIG. 10 demonstrates the relative inefficiency of backhauling; not only is the bandwidth ofsignal59 being used on the frequency spectrum, the bandwidth ofsignal55 is also being used. Hence, the use of multiple carriers to create an MCPC signal is relatively inefficient, particularly when backhauling is employed, because more frequency bandwidth is ultimately used than with the MCPC system alone.
• 11. The applicant has recognized the need for a multiple channel multiple carrier system (MCMC) which is more flexible and allows users of all sizes to access the system. Multiple carriers, each carrying multiple channels, can be spread out over the available frequency spectrum, thus maximizing bandwidth usage. Each carrier will carry control header information which will allow location and access to all possible channels spread out over all possible carriers.
• 12. Existing transmission systems transport audio and video data in satellite and cable TV applications. FIG. 23 illustrates an exemplary audio/video transmission system including an audio/video encoder400 which communicates with astatistical remultiplexor402 which in turn communicates with amodulator404. Theencoder400 receives audio and video signals alonginput lines401 and403 and outputs encoded packets of audio and video data alonglines406 and408, respectively. Thestatistical remultiplexor402 combines the audio and video data packets (according to the format illustrated in FIG. 25) and outputs same as an aggregate bitstream alongline412. The aggregate bitstream is transmitted to a remote destination viaantenna418 by themodulator404.Feedback lines410 and414 are provided to maintain a desired timing relation between the data transmission rates of theencoder400,remultiplexor402 and transmitmodule404.
• 13. The transmitted bitstream is received by a demodulator and the audio and video data packets are demultiplexed and decoded into separate audio and video data streams. These decoded data streams are processed and displayed to end viewers. One such demultiplexor and decoding system has been proposed LSI Logic Corporation of California (Model No. L64007 MPEG-2 Transport Demultiplexor). The system proposed by LSI Logic complies with the international standard ISO/IEC 13818-1 MPEG-2 systems specification. As shown in FIG. 25, theaggregate bitstream450 is composed of plurality ofdata packets452, each of which includes adata section454 and a “presentation time stamp”456 (explained below in more detail). As shown in FIG. 25, the statistical multiplexor402 (FIG. 23) intersperses the audio and video packets in a non-uniform manner. By way of example, asingle audio packet458 may be followed by twovideo packets460 and462, which are followed by alternating audio and video packets464-472. Thestatistical remultiplexor402 controls the order in which the audio and video packets458-472 are combined.
• 14. Thepresentation time stamps456 are provided within eachdata packet452 by theencoder400 to enable synchronization and realignment, at the downstream end, between the audio and video signals. Eachtime stamp456 represents a timing offset, with respect to a reference time Tr, at which corresponding audio or video packet is to be played/displayed.
• 15. However, conventional audio/video encoding and decoding have met with limited success. These existing systems have been unable to combine multiple audio and video signals into a single aggregate bitstream in an optimal manner. As explained above, conventional systems utilizestatistical remultiplexors402 to combine audio and video packets.
• 16.FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary aggregate bitstream produced by a statistical remultiplexor which receives input signals from multiple audio and video encoders. In the example of FIG. 26, it is assumed that three audio and video encoders are utilized, denoted encoders A, B and C. According to the conventional technique, the statistical remultiplexor combines audio and video packets from these multiple encoders A-C in a statistical fashion (as shown in FIG. 26). Thus, packets pertaining to a particular video encoder or a particular audio encoder may be separated by several packets from different encoders. Time stamps generated by a single encoder represent an offset which is reset to a new reference time at time intervals of a duration only sufficient to account for the maximum delay between audio and video data packets for a single encoder. Hence, packets statistically multiplexed from two or more encoders exceed the time interval between reference times. Accordingly, the statistical remultiplexor must adjust each presentation time stamp to account for the increased delay due to the use of multiple encoders. These modified time stamps are denoted by reference numerals480-494.
• 17. However, the foregoing statistical multiplexing process is excessively complex, slow and undesirable.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
• 18. The present invention has various embodiments that achieve one or more of the following features or objects:
• 19. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multiple channel, multiple carrier transmission system with dynamically allocable base band signal slots (or channels) to accommodate any sized service.
• 20. It is another object of the present invention to provide a multiple channel, multiple carrier transmission system wherein each carrier can by dynamically located to maximize bandwidth usage on the frequency spectrum.
• 21. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a multiple channel, multiple carrier transmission system wherein each carrier contains header information which can provide access to all services on the series of carriers.
• 22. It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a multiple channel, multiple carrier transmission system wherein each carrier contains header information which can provide access to all services on the series of carriers, and wherein additional service space is allocated for such tasks as information transfer, service identification, and service control.
• 23. It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a system for digitally encoding and transmitting at least one digital video signal along with multiple digital audio signals.
• 24. It is a corollary object of the present invention to provide an audio/video encoding and transmitting system which transmits multiple audio signals related to a single video signal in a time division multiplexed manner.
• 25. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a digital encoding and transmitting system which avoids the need to adjust presentation time stamps generated within each encoder by maintaining a fixed delay between data packets from different encoders.
• 26. It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a digital encoding and transmitting system which assigns fixed bandwidths to each audio and video signal to be transmitted.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
• 27. The disclosed invention overcomes the aforementioned inefficiencies of prior transmission systems by providing a transmission system that is flexible and efficient. The present invention provides a multiple channel, multiple carrier transmission system with dynamically allocable slots (or channels) that can be combined to form any sized service. Slots could be allocated sequentially or nonsequentially. The data rate of each slot is relatively small compared to the data rate of the whole system. This allows each user to purchase and use only the necessary number of bits for a particular application. As user needs change, the slots can be dynamically reallocated without affecting the efficiency of the system, the ease of use by the user without affecting other slots used by different users.
• 28. Each carrier signal contains reserved header data regarding all other carriers associated with the transmission system. This allows all services (e.g. allocated combinations of slots) to be located regardless of which carrier signal contains that service to be located. Accordingly, a plurality of services— each consisting of one or many slots—can be spread out over a plurality of carrier signals and so transmitted. When operating with a plurality of carriers, each carrier signal can be dynamically tuned to fill available spaces in the transmission frequency spectrum, thus maximizing use of all available transmission bandwidth.
• 29. In an alternative embodiment, a method and apparatus are provided for digitally encoding and transmitting at least one video signal and at least two related audio signals. According to this alternative embodiment, a video encoder is provided along with at least two audio encoders. The audio and video encoders generate corresponding audio and video bitstreams, each of which comprises a plurality of packets containing data sections. The audio and video bitstreams are delivered to a multiplexor which effects time division multiplexing upon to combine the audio and video bitstreams into an aggregate audio/video bitstream. The aggregate audio/video bitstream contains at least two independent channels of fixed bandwidth for separately transmitting designated ones of the video and audio bitstreams. A modulator transmits the aggregate audio/video bitstream. According to the above described alternative embodiment, fixed delays are maintained between packets within a single channel, thereby avoiding the need to adjust any presentation time stamps which may be generated by the encoders.
• 30. Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to one skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
• 31.FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a single channel per carrier (SCPC) transmission scheme.
• 32.FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the generation of two separate carrier signals from two separate SCPC transmission schemes.
• 33.FIG. 3 is a plot of power versus frequency for the two carrier signals of FIG. 2.
• 34.FIG. 4 is a plot of power versus frequency for two example carrier signals showing the desire to minimize the frequency spacing between the two signals.
• 35.FIG. 5 is a plot of power versus frequency for two example carrier signals wherein the frequency spacing has been minimized to the point that the carrier signal skirts overlap.
• 36.FIG. 6 is a plot of power versus frequency for an example carrier signal wherein the skirts have been filtered off.
• 37.FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a multiple channel per carrier transmission scheme.
• 38.FIG. 8(a) is a plot of power versus frequency for two example carrier signals showing skirt overlap for a given bandwidth.
• 39.FIG. 8(b) is a plot of power versus frequency for the two example carrier signals of FIG. 8(a) which have been multiplexed before modulation.
• 40.FIG. 9(a) shows a block diagram of an SCPC system and a resulting plot of power versus frequency for a carrier signal with a given bandwidth.
• 41.FIG. 9(b) shows a block diagram of an MCPC system, along with an SCPC system for backhauling, and a resulting plot of power versus frequency for the MCPC generated signal.
• 42.FIG. 10 is a plot of power versus frequency for the MCPC signal and the SCPC signal of FIG. 9(b).
• 43.FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of an MCPC system with a plurality of input and output channels.
• 44.FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of the multiplexor and demultiplexor sections of the MCPC system of FIG. 11, with different channels allocated for different services.
• 45.FIG. 13 a block diagram of the multiplexor and demultiplexor sections of the MCPC system of FIG. 11, with yet other channels allocated for other services.
• 46.FIG. 14 is a table showing the type of information which allows a user to locate and use a particular service on a system-wide basis.
• 47.FIG. 15 is a plot of power versus frequency for a carrier signal, with a given center frequency and bandwidth, which contains the services of FIGS. 13 and 14.
• 48.FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating an MCPC system with four slots and secondary multiplexors for services spanning more than one slot.
• 49.FIG. 17 is a table showing the bitstream patterns of the MCPC system of FIG. 16, and the resulting multi-slot service bitstream.
• 50.FIG. 18 is a plot of power versus frequency showing two unaccessible bandwidth areas and three carrier signals oriented in the available spaces between the unaccessible areas.
• 51.FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a multiple channel, multiple carrier transmission scheme, with multiple services, corresponding to the carrier signals of FIG. 18.
• 52.FIG. 20 is a table showing the type of information which allows a user to locate and use a particular service on the MCMC system of FIGS. 18 and 19.
• 53.FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a multiplexor configuration as used in an embodiment of the MCMC system.
• 54.FIG. 22 is a block diagram of a receiver configuration as used in an embodiment of the MCMC system.
• 55.FIG. 23 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary conventional audio/video encoding and transmitting system.
• 56.FIG. 24 illustrates a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of an audio/video encoding system according to the present invention.
• 57.FIG. 25 illustrates a portion of an aggregate audio/video bitstream transmitted by the conventional system of FIG. 23.
• 58.FIG. 26 illustrates an exemplary aggregate audio/video bitstream generated according to the system of FIG. 23 for multiple audio and video encoders.
• 59.FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary aggregate audio/video bitstream generated by the system of the alternative embodiment of FIG. 24 of the present invention.
• 60.FIG. 28 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary decoder for use in connection with the alternative embodiment of FIG. 24 of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
• 61. Referring now to FIG. 11, anMCPC system60 is shown with a plurality ofinput channels61 and a plurality ofoutput channels63. As with other MCPC systems amultiplexor65 combines the various channels into a single bitstream which enters themodulator67. Themodulator67 converts the bitstream into anRF signal69 which enters thedemodulator71 and is converted back into a binary signal. The binary signal enters thedemultiplexor73 which separates the signal back into itscomponent channels63.
• 62. While each channel of anMCPC system60 might handle a variety of data rates from large to small, the preferred embodiment uses a relatively small, fixed data rate for each channel. Referring to FIG. 12 the multiplexor and demultiplexor portion of theMCPC system60 is shown is more detail. As shown for purposes of example, for the plurality of channels61 (numbered 0 through N), each channel (or slot) operates at 8 kilobits per second (KBS). This allows forservices75 to be tailored to each user's size and data rate needs. For example, Service₁utilizes four slots to give the user a 32 KBS capability. Service₂utilizes only 1 slot for a 8 KBS capability. Similarly, Service₃utilizes only 1 slot for a 8 KBS capability.
• 63. The allocation of slots for services does not have to be sequential. As shown in FIG. 13,Service_N81 spans slot1 (83), slot2 (85), slot4 (89), and slot6 (93) thus creating a service with a 32 KBS data rate capability.Service_W97 spans slot3 (87) and slot5 (91) thus creating a service with a 16 KBS data rate capability. The slot data then entersmultiplexor99 and is modulated into an RF signal and demodulated back to binary (not shown). The demodulated binary signal then entersdemultiplexor101 for separation back into the appropriate slot and service data.
• 64.FIG. 15 shows the resultingcarrier signal110 which is generated and transmitted by the MCPC system of FIG. 13.Signal110 is centered aboutfrequency f_c111 and has a bandwidth (bw) indicated by113.Carrier signal110 contains all of the multiplexed slot information which can be extracted if the location of the services is known.
• 65.FIG. 14 shows a table of the type of information that would allow a user to locate and use a particular service on a system-wide basis (e.g. a slot allocation table, along with carrier center frequencies and bandwidths). It is preferable that the center frequency and bandwidth of a particular carrier be known to receive and demodulate the carrier signal. It is also preferable that the total number of multiplexed slots (for that particular carrier) be known to facilitate decoding of the demodulated bitstream. Optionally, the center frequency, bandwidth and/or the total number of multiplexed slots may be computed using related information, such as bandwidth and the like. For each service, the total number of slots used for that particular service should be known, as well as the particular slot numbers used. As FIG. 14 shows, Service_Ncan be located and demodulated at center frequency f_cwith a bandwidth bw. The total number of slots in this MCPC system is eight. Service_Nuses 4 total slots withslot numbers 1, 2, 4 and 6, for a 32 KBS data rate capability. Similarly, and as part of the same carrier, Service_Wcan be located and demodulated at center frequency f_cwith a bandwidth bw. Again, the total number of slots in this MCPC system is eight. Service_Wuses 2 total slots withslot numbers 3 and 5 for a data rate capability of 16 KBS.
• 66. With this table of information, the user can locate and use the services transmitted on a particular carrier signal. In the preferred embodiment, the slots used for each service on a particular carrier are transmitted as auxiliary header information on a designated, hardwired slot. While this designated slot might be any of the total number of slots for each MCPC system, the preferred embodiment hardwires thezeroth slot103 as a convenient location for such slot allocation information. Hence, upon demodulating any carrier signal as configured above, the user can demultiplex the slot data and get a “map” of all services within that particular carrier by looking at the zeroth slot data. With this “map” then all the services on that carrier can be digitally reconstructed and retrieved.
• 67. Referring now to FIG. 16, in order for any particular service to use more than one slot (albeit sequential or nonsequential), a secondary set of multiplexors is used to partition the signal down to the data rate for each of the particular slots. In this example embodiment, theMCPC system120 has four slots, each with a 8 KBS data rate. Thezeroth slot123,143 ?is served for slot allocation data. The input base ba signal121 (or service) has a 16 KBS data rate and use nonsequential slots127 and128 on theprimary multiplexor130. Thesecondary multiplexor132 is used to tition the 16 KBS signal down into two bitstreams c KBS as applied toslots124,126.
• 68. In essence, the secondary multiplexor acts like acomparative switch134. By switching back and forth between the twoslots124,126, the 16 KBS bitstream is headed into two 8 KBS bitstreams by alternatingly dividing the incoming bits into two different directions. Larger systems (not shown) might have an even larger multiple of input lines into the multiplexor and demultiplexor devices. Hence, the commutative s hing must occur between a large number of input l and be programmably alterable as the allocations or e services are altered or updated. Such selective, co tative switching between the multiple input lines could easily be achieved by a device such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or Programmable Logic Array (PLA) that has been configured for such a task.
• 69. Theprimary multiplexor130 also acts like a cmutative switch136.Multiplexor130 switches down across each of theslots123,124,125, and126, and thus combines the four 8 KBS bitstreams into a 32KBS bitstream138.Bitstream138 is modulated, transmitted as an RF signal, and then demodulated (not shown) back into a 32KBS signal139. The resulting demodulated 32KBS signal139 is fed into theprimary demultiplexor140 which similarly acts as acommutative switch147 to divide the 32 KBS signal into fourslots143,144,145, and146 of 8 KBS each. Thesecondary demultiplexor150 is connected acrossslots144 and146.Demultiplexor150 also acts as acommutative switch152 to alternate between the 8 KBS bitstreams ofslots144,146 and combine them into a resulting 16KBS signal154.
• 70.FIG. 17 demonstrates, in tabular form, the commutative switching effect of the primary and second multiplexors and demultiplexors. Referring also to FIG. 16, the demodulated 32KBS signal139 is comprised of a sequence of bits as indicated byrow161. Thissequence161 is repeatedly divided across the four slots (numbered 0 through 3), by the commutative action of thedemultiplexor140, as indicated byrow163. The bitstreams are ultimately comprised of service bits which are labeled as S^b_s, as shown by160. According to this notation, the superscript b represents the ongoing number of times the series of slots (0 through 3) is sampled on the primary multiplexor. Hence b also represents the ongoing bit number emerging from each slot. The subscript s represents the particular slot number.
• 71. Using this notation the assignment of the bits of the transmittedbitstream139 to eachslot0 through3 (elements143-146) is shown by row165. As the commutative action of themultiplexor140 progresses, each bit of theincoming bitstream139 is sequentially, and repeatedly, assigned to each slot. Slot1 (element144), for example, will have the bitstream S⁰₁, S¹₁, S²₁. . . and so on. (see element156). Accordingly, the bits of available data emerging across the four available slots would be S⁰₀, S⁰₁, S⁰₂, S⁰₃, S¹₀, S¹₁, S¹₂, S¹₃, S²₀, S²₁, S²₂, S²₃, . . . and so on. By adding thesecondary demultiplexor150 acrossslots1 and3 (elements144,146), the two 8 KBS bitstreams can be combined into the 16KBS service bitstream154 by thecommutative action152 of thedemultiplexor150. As shown byrow167, this resulting bitstream would include S⁰₁, S⁰₃, S¹₁, S¹₃, S²₁, S²₃, . . . and so on.
• 72. Using the principles described above, a multi-channel, multi-carrier (MCMC) transmission system is even more efficient at utilizing available bandwidth. With such an MCMC system, a plurality of services could be allocated across a plurality of MCPC systems. Referring now to FIG. 19, an example MCMC system is shown. In this example, threeMCPC systems170,172,174 are shown which generateRF carrier frequencies171,173,175. Each MCPC system has, for purposes of example, four slots per multiplexor/demultiplexor.
• 73. Service₁(Sv₁) utilizesslots1 and2 (elements191 and192) of theprimary multiplexor220 ofMCPC system170. Hence asecondary multiplexor222 is used to divide Sv₁between the two slots. Sv₂utilizes slot3 (element193) of theprimary multiplexor220 ofMCPC system170. Sv₃utilizes slot1 (element195) of theprimary multiplexor230 ofMCPC system172. Sv₄utilizesslots2 and3 (elements196 and197) of theprimary multiplexor230 ofMCPC system172. Hence asecondary multiplexor232 is used to divide Sv₄between the two slots. Sv₅utilizesslots1,2, and3 (elements199,200, and201) of theprimary multiplexor240 of theMCPC system174. Hence asecondary multiplexor242 is used to divide Sv₅between the three slots.
• 74. Referring also to FIG. 18, the outputs of theprimary multiplexors220,230, and240 are modulated into three separate carrier signals171,173, and175. In FIG. 18, two areas of unusable (or already used)bandwidth300 and302 are shown. As a result,carrier signal171 has been tuned to have a center frequency f₁(element191) and a bandwidth bw₁(element192) so thatsignal171 fits on the transmission spectrum beforesignal portion300.Carrier signal173 has been tuned to have a center frequency f₂(element193) and a bandwidth bw₂(element194) so thatsignal173 fits on the transmission spectrum betweensignals300 and302.Carrier signal175 has been tuned to have a center frequency f₃(element195) and a bandwidth bw₃(element196) so thatsignal175 fits on the transmission spectrum aftersignal302.
• 75. By tuning each carrier frequency used by the MCMC system to fit within the available transmission bandwidth on the frequency spectrum, usage of the spectrum is maximized. The Carrier signals171,173, and175 are then demodulated by theirrespective demodulators226,236, and246. The demodulated base band signals are then fed into their respectiveprimary demultiplexors228,238, and248. As described above, the service bits on theoutput slots250 through261 are multiplexed bysecondary multiplexors229,239, and249 to reconstruct the bitstreams forservices1 through5 (Sv₁through Sv₅—180,182,184,186, and188).
• 76. The preferred embodiment also utilizes one complete service—exemplified here as service₁—for a variety of administrative or “housekeeping” tasks. The number of slots allocated for this administrative service could vary depending upon the needs of the particular MCMC system in question. The bits in this service might be used, among other things, to perform the following functions: downloading (or uploading) software to (or from) a particular customer as needed; alphanumeric identification of services or carriers within the MCMC system or community; turning on or off various services within the MCMC system as required; and/or providing a revision number for the slot allocation table as contained in zeroth slot data.
• 77. As for transferring software, the MCMC network host might provide its service subscribers with periodic upgrades of software used to interact with the MCMC system. By allocating separate bits for this task, the service subscribers would be minimally affected by such upgrades. This would promote continual development of related software by the host and would likely result in more optimal system performance and bandwidth savings.
• 78. Similarly, the service₁data might provide alphanumeric names for the various services within the MCMC network. Often this is much more useful to a user or service subscriber than a service number or other minimal identification means.
• 79. Occasionally, entire services might need to be turned on or off for maintenance and/or billing purposes. The service₁data might provide such individualized control over the various services within the MCMC network.
• 80. As for the slot allocation table revision number, the zeroth slot—with its slot allocation table—will always be found in the same place on any particular demodulated and demultiplexed carrier signal, thereby acting as a “beacon” for the user to learn about that particular carrier signal. However, the remaining slots which comprise the various MCMC services can be dynamically altered and reallocated as the needs of the many users change. As a result, the slot allocation table will be revised and carry with it a new revision number. As indicated above, the administrative service (e.g. service₁) will show the most recent revision number. If a user is operating with an outdated version of the slot allocation table, the zeroth slot can be decoded to provide updated slot allocation information on an as needed basis.
• 81. As detailed above, the zeroth slots (inputslots190,194,198 andoutput slots250,254,258) are used for slot allocation data information which will allow the user to locate, demodulate and reconstruct the various services within each particular carrier. As combined with the Service₁data, a full “map” of the MCMC system can be quickly derived by the user. In operation, the disclosed device will internally switch back and forth between slot zero and Service₁data as needed and carry the data on am In-Band carrier channel (See FIGS. 21 and 22) for processing.
• 82. For instance, upon startup of the system, a designated carrier is acquired and the slot zero data is processed via the In-Band Carrier channel. Once the Slot Allocation Table for the carrier is acquired, the system automatically switches over to process Service₁data. Service₁data can provide a system-wide “map” of the MCMC system, and/or it can provide the other aforementioned Service₁functions. However, if the revision number of the slot allocation table changes, the system will automatically switch back to read slot zero data until a new and updated slot allocation table is acquired. As a result, Service₁is the “steady state” condition for the data on the In-Band Carrier Channel. Only when a new carrier is acquired or when the slot allocation table changes does the In-Band Carrier Channel carry slot zero again data for processing.
• 83. Referring to FIG. 20, an example table is shown with the type of slot zero data and/or Service₁data necessary to locate and reconstruct all service data on all the MCMC carrier signals for this particular system. The zeroth slot will carry the slot allocation data for each particular carrier. The Service₁data will provide such system-wide data as the center carrier frequencies and the carrier bandwidths for all carriers in the MCMC system. By internally switching, as necessary, between these two data sources, a complete set of system-wide information (as shown in FIG. 20) can be collected and maintained more efficiently than placing all such data on only one data path. By providing this full “map” to the system, any service can be dynamically allocated and reallocated without affecting a users ability to find all of the services within a particular MCMC transmission system.
• 84. Accordingly, the MCMC transmission system of the present invention provides an efficient and versatile way to transmit data across available bandwidth on the transmission spectrum. The present invention utilizes the benefits of multiplexing multiple channels of information before modulating and transmitting the information as a carrier signal. Additionally, the present invention allows for users of all sizes to utilize only the particular amount of data transfer capability that they need. Hence, individual services can range in size from the basic rate of one slot (e.g. 8 KBS) on up to the entire capability of the entire MCMC transmission system. Moreover, the present MCMC system utilizes multiple carrier signals to transmit the allocated data services. A slot of header data is reserved in each carrier signal which provides the location of all services within that carrier. A separate service (e.g. one or many slots) might also be allocated for system administration and/or system-wide mapping.
• 85. Referring now to FIG. 21, a block diagram of the multiplexor configuration is shown as used in the preferred embodiment of the disclosed MCMC system. Amicroprocessor300 is used to control the flow of the incoming service data. Accompanying hardware to themicroprocessor300 includes aflash memory318 for program storage, aram320 for storage of variables and processor operation, andNV memory322 for parameter storage. While any microprocessor might adequately perform such control, the preferred embodiment uses a Motorola 68302 and was chosen because of its preferred instruction set, data handling capabilities, reasonable cost and development toolset available.
• 86. Themicroprocessor300 writes information relating to the aforementioned slot allocation table into adual port RAM318. As detailed above, the slot allocation table contains information regarding the various carrier center frequencies, the carrier bandwidths, and the slots used for each service (e.g. “format information”). Such format information might enter the microprocessor from a variety of sources. The preferred embodiment uses a separate computer system, known as a Network Management System (NMS)316, to solicit and manage this format information. TheNMS316 uses a Windows application program to query and accept format information from an operator. The format information is then fed into themicroprocessor300 via a serial RS232 data link317.
• 87. As shown in this embodiment, Ports A through XX (elements301 through306) represent input ports for individual services (henceforth service ports) which are composed of one or more data slots (e.g. 8 KBS slots as discussed above). Since each service port might consist of one or more data slots, each service port has its own clock rate based upon the number of data slots designated for that particular service on that particular service port. For instance, a service port using five 8 KBS slots would have a higher clock rate (e.g. 40 kilohertz) than a service port using only one 8 KBS slot. As with other synchronous systems, this embodiment utilizes one clock cycle per bit. Such control data is maintained and transmitted via an In-Band Control Channel324 which carries information gleaned from the zeroth slot and the administrative service (previously exemplified as Service₁).
• 88. The service ports301-306 are queued into amultiplexor control device308 via a series of FIFO (first in, first out) buffers307-312. The FIFO outputs enter themultiplexor control device308 through abus313 in the order requested by the multiplexor control. The multiplexor request sequence is a function of the information format for the MCMC system. As mentioned above, such multiplexor control and processing is achieved through a programmable device such as an FPGA. The FIFO'ed service port data is then multiplexed viamultiplexor control308 into anaggregate data stream314 which is output to a modulator (not shown) for modulation and transmission to a respective receiver.
• 89. Referring now to FIG. 22, a block diagram of the receiver configuration is shown as used in the preferred embodiment of the disclosed MCMC system. In this configuration, ademodulator350 converts the transmitted carrier signal (not shown) into anaggregate data stream352 which enters ademultiplexor control block354. As with the multiplexor before, demultiplexor control is also achieved via an FPGA device.
• 90. Thedemodulator350 is controlled via amicroprocessor356. As with the multiplexor configuration, accompanying hardware to thisseparate microprocessor356 includes aflash memory358 for program storage, aram360 for storage of variables and processor operation, andNV memory362 for parameter storage. Again, a Motorola 68302 was used for similar reasons and advantages as stated above.
• 91. Themicroprocessor356 gleans format information data (e.g. slot zero and administrative Service₁information) from an In-Band Control Channel364 as fed fromdemultiplexor control354. Such format information is written into aDual Port RAM366 in the form of a Slot Allocation Table. Thedemultiplexor control354 then reads this Slot Allocation Table data from theDual Port RAM366 and uses this data in order to properly demultiplex thedemodulated bitstream352 into the various services. Once properly demultiplexed, the services are output as the various service Ports A-F (elements368-373). As comparable to the multiplexor configuration, each service port might consist of one or more data slots, with each service port having its own clock rate based upon the number of data slots designated for that particular service on that particular service port. Having now been received and decoded, the MCMC services of this particular system can now accessed via the service ports368-373.
• 92.FIG. 24 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 24, asystem500 is provided for digitally encoding and transmitting multiple audio and video signals related to one another. Thesystem500 includes a plurality of encoders502-508 which receive corresponding input signals along lines510-516. The input signals at lines510-516 may be analog or digital. If the input signals represent digital signals, the encoders502-580 may include A/D converters to provide digital input signals. The input signals at lines510-516 may represent any combination of audio and video signals.
• 93. By way of example, the input signal atline510 may represent a video signal, while the remaining input signals at lines512-516 represent audio signals. Optionally, the audio signals at lines512-516 may relate to the video signal atline510. For instance, each of lines512-516 may carry the speech portion of a television show, sports event and the like in separate languages. Hence,line510 may carry the video signal for a movie, whileline512 carries the audio signal for the movie in English,line514 carries the audio signal for the movie in French andline516 carries the audio signal for the movie in German.
• 94. Optionally, the input lines510-516 may carry any desired combination of audio and video signals, such as one audio signal with three video signals, one video signal with four audio signals, two video signals with six audio signals and the like.
• 95. For purposes of explanation, the alternative embodiment contemplates using a single video signal atline510 with multiple related audio signals at lines512-516 carrying audio signals of different languages.
• 96. The encoders502-508 output encoded audio and video signals along lines518-524 as packetized bit streams which are formatted, as explained above. The individual streams of packetized data are supplied to amultiplexor526 which combines the input signals to form an aggregate bitstream output alongline532. Themultiplexor526 combines the data packets from lines518-524 in a time division multiplexed manner to form the aggregate bit stream550 (FIG. 27). The aggregate bitstream is supplied to amodulator528 which outputs same vialink530. Optionally, the encoders, multiplexor and modulator may include internal memory and buffers to temporarily store data. Data is transmitted to and read from this temporary storage in a first-in-first-out manner.
• 97. Control lines534-542 are provided as feedback to control the transmission rate at which packets of data are transmitted from the encoders502-508 to themultiplexor526 and from themultiplexor526 to themodulator528. Optionally, the transmission rates and timing of the encoders, multiplexor and modulator may be controlled from a remote processor (not shown).
• 98. Next, the discussion turns to FIG. 27 which illustrates an exemplaryaggregate bitstream550 generated by themultiplexor526 based on a time division multiplexing technique. Theaggregate bitstream550 includes a plurality ofdata sets555, each of which includes a single slot orchannel554 assigned to each encoder502-508.
• 99. During operation, themultiplexor526 accesses the multiplexer's internal memory/buffers for each of lines518-524 to obtain a set of data packets containing a single data packet associated with each input line518-524. Themultiplexor526 combines this set of data packets as illustrated in FIG. 27 in a time division multiplexed manner.Consecutive slots554 receive a corresponding data packet from the assigned input line518-524. Thus, eachslot554 of adata set555 includes a single data packet556-562 for each encoder502-508. Optionally, each of packets556-562 includes a presentation time stamp564-570. The presentation time stamps564-570 represent offsets with respect to internal reference timers of corresponding encoders502-508 as explained.
• 100. Once thedata set555 is formed in themultiplexor526, theset556 is transmitted to themodulator528. Thereafter, themultiplexor526 generates anext data set572 of packets574-580. This process may be continually repeated throughout operation.
• 101. While the preferred embodiment of FIG. 24 illustrates far encoders, it is understood that any number of encoders may be utilized. Eachdata set555,572 ofdata slots554 will be modified to include one slot per encoder.
• 102.FIG. 28 generally illustrates adecoding system600 according to the present invention. Thedecoding system600 includes ademultiplexor602 which receives theaggregate bitstream604 as its input. Thedemultiplexor602 separates each data set555 (FIG. 27) of data packets556-562. Thedemultiplexor602 and transmits a data packet from asingle slot554 in theset555 along acorresponding output line606 and608.
• 103. More specifically,decoder demultiplexor602 includes one output port610-616 for eachslot554 of anincoming data set555. For a givendata set555, thedemultiplexor602 delivers the data packet fromslot #1 to the first port (e.g.,610), the data packet fromslot #2 to the second port (e.g., port612), and the like. Thedecoding system600 may connectdecoders618 and620 to predetermined output ports of thedemultiplexor602 throughswitches609 and611. The connected output ports correspond toslots554 in the aggregate bitstream which contain desired data.
• 104. In the example of FIG. 28, it is desirable to decode the data streams from the first and third encoders (502 and506 in FIG. 24). Hence,decoders618 and620 are connected atswitches609 and611 alonglines606 and608 tooutput ports610 and614, respectively.
• 105. With reference to FIG. 27,decoder618 decodes allpackets556 within the first slot of eachdata set555.Decoder620 decodes allpackets560 received within thethird slot553. Thedecoders618 and620 may output analog signals corresponding to the decoded bitstreams alonglines622 and624, respectively. The analog signals are supplied to adisplay626 which presents corresponding audio and video information to a viewer.
• 106. By way of example, when theaggregate bitstream604 includes a single video signal (such as corresponding to a movie) and a plurality of audio signals (such as corresponding to the soundtrack for the movie recorded in multiple languages),decoder618 may decode the video signal, whiledecoder620 decodes an associated audio signal for a desired language (e.g., English, French, German and the like). Thus, thedisplay626 may play a movie with a French soundtrack. Alternatively, by connecting thedecoder620 to one ofports612 and616, thedisplay626 may output the audio track in a different language.
• 107. According to the example explained above, the preferred embodiment of the present invention enables multiple audio signals to be transmitted in different languages with a single related video signal. Hence, the need is avoided for transmitting separate video signals for each audio signal.
• 108. While several alternative embodiments, of the invention have been described hereinabove, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments may be modified and altered without departing from the central spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the embodiments described hereinabove are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, rather than by the foregoing descriptions, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced herein.

Claims (25)

What is claimed is:

1. A method for dynamic allocation of transmission bandwidth resources, said method comprising the steps of:

receiving data from user services having predefined data service transmission rates;

defining a plurality of slots within the transmission bandwidth resources, each of said slots representing a channel having a predefined data channel transmission rate;

dynamically allocating said slots to user services based on said data service transmission rates and said data channel transmission rates; and

transmitting data received from said user services in said slots according to said dynamic allocation step.

2. A method according to

claim 1

, further comprising the step of utilizing one of said slots to carry slot mapping information identifying allocation of said slots among said services.

3. A method according to

claim 1

, further comprising the step of transmitting as auxiliary header information, an allocation map defining a relationship between each service and one or more associated slots.

4. A method according to

claim 1

, wherein said defining step includes defining dynamically said channels with differing data channel transmission rates.

5. A method according to

claim 1

, wherein said defining step includes defining said channels with a fixed common data channel transmission rate.

6. A method according to

claim 1

, wherein said allocating step includes allocating at least a first service to a single first slot and at least a second service to at least second and third slots.

7. A method according to

claim 1

, wherein said allocating step allocates said slots sequentially.

8. A method according to

claim 1

, wherein said allocating step allocates said slots non-sequentially.

9. A method according to

claim 1

, wherein a first user service has a service transmission rate and is allocated first and second slots which separately have slot transmission rates of approximately one-half of said service transmission rate.

10. A method according to

claim 1

, further comprising the step of:

dividing data received from at least one of said user services into at least two bitstreams which are allocated to different slots; and

combining bitstreams from all user services into allocated slots of an aggregate bitstream, said dividing and combining steps being performed based on said dynamic allocation step.

11. A method according to

claim 1

, further comprising the step of maintaining a slot allocation table mapping a relation between services and slots.

12. A method according to

claim 1

, further comprising the step of updating and reallocating slots between services when a service transmission rate of at least one user service changes.

13. A multiple channel, multiple carrier transmission system for transmitting data from a plurality of user services over dynamically allocated transmission bandwidth resources, said system comprising:

a plurality of input channels for carrying data for user services at predefined service data rates;

a multiplexor for combining service data from said input channels into an aggregate bitstream comprising data slots, each of said slots representing an output channel having a predefined data channel transmission rate;

a modulator for converting said aggregate bitstream into an RF signal; and

a slot allocator, communicating with said input channels, for dynamically allocating input channels and associated slots to said user services based on transmission rates of said user services and of said slots.

14. A system according to

claim 1

, wherein said slot allocation includes at least one switch for dividing data from at least one user service between at least two of said input channels.

15. A system according to

claim 13

, wherein said slot allocator generates a map defining a relation between user service and channels.

16. A system according to

claim 13

, further comprising a slot allocation table for storing a mapping relation between each user service and slots allocated thereto.

17. A system according to

claim 13

, further comprising a switch for dividing data from a first user service among multiple input channels, said slot allocator connecting a second user service to a single input channel.

18. A system according to

claim 13

, wherein said slot allocator allocates said input channels sequentially to use services.

19. A system according to

claim 13

, wherein said slot allocation allocates said input channels non-sequentially to user services.

20. A system according to

claim 13

, wherein said slot allocation updates and reallocates slots between user services when a service transmission rate of at least one user service changes.

21. A system for digitally encoding and transmitting digital video signals and related digital audio signals, said system comprising:

at least one video encoder for receiving and encoding digital signals to provide encoded video bitstreams;

at least a first audio encoder for receiving and encoding at least one audio bitstream, said audio bitstream relating to said video bitstream;

a multiplexor for time division multiplexing said video bitstream and said audio bitstream received along at least two separate input channels to produce an aggregate audio/video bitstream containing at least two channels of fixed band width; and

a modulator for transmitting said aggregate audio/video bitstream.

22. A system according to

claim 21

wherein said audio and video encoders separately packetized each of said audio and video bitstreams in audio and video packets, which contain presentation time stamps with respect to differing audio and video reference times generated independent of the time division multiplexing operation, said multiplexor multiplexing said audio and video packets without changing said presentation time stamps.

23. A system according to

claim 21

, wherein said multiplexor outputs said video bitstream upon at least a first video channel and outputs first and second audio bitstreams upon at least first and second audio channels, said first video channel and said first and second audio channels being non-overlapping with and mutually exclusive from one another.

24. A system according to

claim 21

, wherein said modulator transmits said aggregate bitstream containing all of said audio and video channels over a single carrier signal.

25. A system according to

claim 21

, wherein said modulator transmits said aggregate bitstream over multiple carrier signals.

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