US1934046A - Syringe for hypodermic medical injections - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 7, 1,933. M. DEMARCHI I SYRINGE FOR HYPODERMIC MEDIQAL INJECTIONS Filed March 24, 1932 INVENTOR WWW AiTQENEY Patented Nov. 7, 1933 UNITED STATES armor: ron monsamc name-nous amnion.

Mario Demarchi, Biella, Italy Application March 24, 1932, Serial No. 600,915, I and in Italy October so, 1931 9 Claims- (Cl. 128-215) This invention relates to syringes, the so-calied Pravatz syringes, for hypodermic or endomuscular injections of medical media, and has for its object to provide an automatic device (which will be called hereinafter, for the sake of brevity, the automatic syringe) which will automatically perform the insertion of the needle in, or the withdrawal thereof from the skin of the patient.

It is known that medical injections have ac- 10 quired for some time a very large diffusion, and that there are patients who continuallymake use of said injections, that is every day or even many times a day; here are to be particularly cited the diabetics for the continuous use made by them of the injections of insulin. In order to allow the syringe of Pravatz to be used by the patient himself, and to render its use easy and safe, several types of automatic syringes have been proposed. These syringes generally comprise a spring device, operated in diilerent ways and comprising different details, by which the automatic and instantaneous insertion of the needle into the skin, and in some typesalso the withdrawal therefrom, are obtained.

as In .all the types heretofore in use, however,

- somedrawback's are to be remarked, such as the disagreeable impression produced in the patient by the noisy trip of the spring, the rough operation of the device-which, in the caseof an an obstacle being met can involve the breaking of l the needle-and, in types in which the withdrawal of the needle is made by hand, the possibility of this operation being made in a slanting direction, thus causing a creeping wound to be galuced by the point of the needle under the The automatic syringe according to this invention avoids the above-mentioned drawbacks, the operation .of same being absolutely noiseless and so being performed, although very rapidly, without,

any rough trip; the operation of this syringe is very nearto that of a syringe used by hand.

when the operation is quickly performed by a skilled person. By this syringe both the insertion 4s and the withdrawal of the needle are automatitally obtained.

According to this invention, the. insertion of the needle into the skin and the tissues which lie beneath, as well as the withdrawal therefrom,

so are obtained by making use of the atmospheric pressure, the pressure existing in a small cuplike or bell-shaped chamber whichis applied 10-.

cally to the skin of the patient,ln the point where the inJection will take place, being caused to vary as for this purpose.

The automatic syringe is provided with a small' chamber, or bell, of glass or other suitable material, the opening of which is applied to the skin; at the top of the bell is fitted the body of the syringe proper, the end thereof which carries .6

the needle being contained in the bell and the needle being directed against the skin, its point, in the initial position, being at a small distance therefrom. The syringe proper can be fitted to the top of the bell in different ways, as it can be as positively fixed there or be mounted there by means which allow it a free movement, between given limits, in the axial direction; in any case the fitting must be air-tight. A suitable means,

such as a common rubber bulb, having a strong m enough structure, allows of the air contained in the bell being sucked out therefrom, so as to produce therein, at the required instant (when the apparatus is being applied to the skin the bell is closed) a considerable vacuum. Owing to the atmospheric pressure, a suction of the tissues of the patient into the bells mouth is then produced, the tissues assuming a convex form.

- while on the other hand, if the syringe is given a free movement, a forward stroke of the syringe at; proper towards the interior of the bell, that is towardsthe skin, takes place.

If the syringe is steadily fixed to the bell, as the said syringe is stationary, the insertion of the needle is caused by the forwarding against it of the tissues of the patient, the first of the above mentioned effects being so only utilized; when on the contrary the syringe is given a free movement, the eflect of this movement is added to the above-mentioned eflect, a deeper insertion of go the needle into the tissues (endomuscular injections) being thus obtained. In both cases it should be noticed that the temporary swelling of the tissue is of assistance-to the insertion of the needle. According to experience the opera- 95 tion causes no. disturbance to the patient,-as it is painless and substantially not perceived by him.

' Three embodiments of the automatic syringe according to this invention are hereinafter described by way of example, with reference to the mo accompanying drawing. in which Figs-1, 2 and 3 illustrate each a suitable form, in lateral view, partially in section.

Referring first to Fig. 1, 1 is the syringe prpper, m5 2istheneedle,$isthebell,of glass,inthei5orm of a reversed funnel, provided with alateral connection pipe 35 which is fitted with arubber bulb 5. The bell has at'its top a neck-like aperture 31 in which the syringe l is secured, being In operation, after having manually compressedtherubber bulb 5, thebells mouth 34 is applied on the skin, on the point where it is required. to execute the injection (the skin heying naturally been previously cleansed and disin- Iected and the syringe .filled with the medical medium) the bulb is then released, and spreading out instantly, on account of its own elasticity, it will cause a suction of air in thebell 3 and then a vacuum therein. As a consequence of the ex ternal atmospheric pressure a suction of the tissue of the patient, in the form of a calotte projecting in the bell, will then take place, and thus the insertion of the needle into the skin. After the injection proper has been performed, it will Bufice to compress again the bulb to obtain the return of the tissue to its initial position, the needle being thus withdrawn. The insertion as well as the withdrawal of the needle take place in a direction perfectly perpendicular to the surface of the skin, the rest of the bell thereon serving to determine in the most certain way the normal position of use of the syringe.

Referring now to Fig. 2, there is illustrated a form of automatic syringe wherein the syringe proper is given a certain possibilityof axial movement, in order to allow deeper injections to be performed. Thebell 3 which in this case has been shown in the form or a spherical calotte, provided with therubber bulb 5 already described mounted on theconnection pipe 35, has at the top aneck 31 through whichpasses with a suitable play thesyringe 1 and which extends above in the form or afunnel 32 limited by acylindrical seat 33 to which a thick disc 4' of a soft and elastic material, such as spongy rubber or the like, is fixed by its edge; the disc has ahole 11 at the centre through which passes in an air-tight manner the cylinder of the syringe. Under normal conditions, the disc 4' keeps the syringe in the position shown, wherein the point oi. theneedle 2 is at a certain distance from the plane of the mouth 34.;when, however, the atmospheric pressure acts from the exterior upon the disc and the syringe, bemg no longer balanced by an equal pressure in the interior of the bell, thedisc 4 bends down as indicated by dotted lines and the syringe assumes the position also indicated by dotted lines. The funnel-like form or theupper extension 32 of the bell assists the piling therein or the elastic material or the disc and so the constitution oi. an efllcient support for thessyringe at the end of its stroke.

The operation oi the syringe is obvious. As soon as therubber bulb 5 spreads out, thus producing a considerable vacuum in the bell, the syringe is forced forward by the atmospheric pressure against the skin, causing the needle to penetrate therein, whilst the simultaneous suctlon or the tissue into the bell takes place, both eflects thus co-operating to produce a greater depth of penetration.

Referring to Fig. 3, there is illustrated a modifled form which is substantially equivalent to the preceding one so far as the structure and operation are concerned. The same parts already cited in connection with Fig. 2 are to be found here and are indicated by the same reference numbers (the rubber bulb has been omitfed); a diflerence to be noticed is the form oi. theneck 31 which extends internally or thebell 3 for a length 31a while at its top the said neck spreads into acontainer 32 having sublined there by an air-tight joint such as by means of an aperturedrubber plug 4.

stantially the form of a double cone, provided with a wideupper aperture 36. Theneck 31. together with its projecting portion 31a. effectively serves to limit, to -a suitable extent, the lateral play of the cylinder of the syringe l. The disc 4' of spongy rubber, or the like, can be of less thickness than in the preceding case, and does not require to be fixed to the seat by its edge, being cut with a diameter considerably v apparatus, the needle will be effectively protected against casual contact with foreign objects, especially after having been sterilized before use. The syringe can also, if required, be kept resting with its hell on a suitable container or on a table on which a small glass [is placed, so that the needle be continually immersed in an antiseptic solution, thus being ready for immediate use even a considerable time after its sterilization.

Obviously various modifications can be introduced in the construction of the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the invention. The form of the bell can particularly be varied in every way, and the connection between the top of same and the syringe proper,

the positive connection as well as the flexible one, can be obtained in many different ways as will be easily conceived bythose skilled in the art. The means used for the suction of the air can also be different.

I claim:

1. The combination, with a hypodermic syringe and its needle, of an attached open mouthed suction chamber, the needle being disposed within the chamber with the point directed towards the mouth, and means for varying the air pressure in said chamber, so that the tissue or a .member, over which the chamber may beposltioned to cause the mouth to be closed by the member, may be automatically pierced by the needle as a result oi relative movement which may be eflected between the needle and the tissue by reducing the air pressure in the chamber.

2. The combination defined byclaim 1, of which the suction chamber comprises a neck-like portion into'which extends the end of the syringe which carries the needle, a bell-like portion flaring downwardly and outwardly to the mouth of the chamber, and air sealing means closing the joint between the syringe and a surrounding part 01 the chamber wall above the bell-like portion.

3. The combination defined byclaim 1, of which the means for varying the air pressure comprises a resilient bulb and a conduit connecting the bulb with the chamber.

4. The combination defined byclaim 1, of which the suction chamber has a neck-like portion of reduced diameter between its mouth and its opposite end into and through which the end of the syringe which carries the needle may be moved, an upwardly and outwardly flaring portionabove the neck-like portion, and an air seal comprising a resilient diaphragm closing the space between the syringe and the surrounding wall of the suction chamber at a level above the neck-like portion, the syringe being held. in a definite position with respect to the surrounding portion of the diaphragm and limited in its downward movement, when air pressure in the chamber is reduced, by engagement of the dia phragm with the underlying flared wall of the chamber.

5. The combination defined byclaim 1, in which the syringe is carried by a diaphragm of resilient material which forms a flexible portion of the walls of the chamber, the said diaphragm being conical in form and having an inherent tendency to carry the syringe to its lowermost position when the center of said diaphragm is forced below the plane of its outer edge.

6. The combination defined byclaim 1, of which the suction chamber has a neck-like por tion of reduced diameter between its mouth and its opposite end into and through which the end of the syringe which carries the needle may be moved, a portion extended above the neck-like portion flaring upwardly and outwardly and then upwardly and inwardly to form a diaphragm chamber and a diaphragm to sealthe space hetween the syringe and the surrounding wail oi the diaphragm chamber, the diaphragm cornprising a disk of resilient material of such di mensions as compared with those 0: the dia= phragm chamber as to be compressed and distorted into a conical form, the syringe being rnov able with the central part of the diaphragm and normally held thereby in its uppermost position, the diaphragm serving as a means for rapidly moving the syringe to its lowermost position after the diaphragm has been moved past an intermediate dead center position by reduction or air pressure in the suction chamber.

7. The combination defined byclaim 1, of which the syringe forms part oi a resilient closure for an opening in the wall of the suction chamber whereby alirnited movement will be imparted to the syringe to advance the position of its needle when pressure within the chamber is reduced.

8. The combination defined byclaim 1, of which the suction chamber comprises a neck-hire portion into which extends the end of the syringe which carries the needle, and air sealing means closing the joint between the syringe and the surrounding wall oi the neck-like portion.

9. The combination defined byclaim 1, of which the suction chamber has a neck-like portion into and through which the end of the syringe which carries the needle may be moved, on upwardly and outwardly flaring portion terminating in an annulardiaphragm seat above the neck-like portion, and a resilient diaphragm normolly in the form of a disk connected with the syringe and secured in said seat, the syringe being movable with the central portion of the diaphragm when pressure in the chamber is relcy contact of the diaphragm with the underlying flared wall of the cltiarnoer= MARIEQ DEMARCBE,

duced and the degree of movement being limited

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