US1697723A - Double-acting internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Jam l, 1929. 1,691,723

A. A. GIGLI DOUBLE ACTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July 50, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 1, 1929. 1,697,723

A. A. GlGLl DOUBLE ACTING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July so, 1926 2 Sheets-Sh eet 2 Patented Jan. 1, 1929.

httifizb DOUBLE-ACTING INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed July 36, 1926, Serial No. 126,049, and. in

This invention can be adapted to horizontal, vertical, or V type engines; of either two stroke or four stroke cycle.

The present invention comprises essentially a double-acting engine in which the cylinders are cast in pairs, or series of pairs, with cylinder heads or combustion chambers at both ends.

The cylinder heads or combustion chambers are detachable, the combustion space in. each cylinder head being common to two cylinder bores or expansion chambers.

Each pair of cylinders which are cast in one block, are arranged with slots or passages through the inner and outer walls, so that the gudgeon-pin can be passed through the outer walls into the piston in the first cylinder, and then through the inner walls into the second piston in the adjacent cylinder, so that the pistons in each pair of cylinders work unitedly on a. common gudgeonpin. 7

The pistons are double-headed or twintype arranged to withstand high pressure at both ends, and the mounting of the aforementioned gudgeon-pin is midway between the piston heads, the pistons being free or fully floating on the gudgeon pin.

The connecting rod is mounted on the central portion of the aforementioned gudgeonpin and thus transmits the power developer; on the four piston heads. Alternatively the gudgeon-pin could be extended, and supported by two connecting rods, one at each outer side.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation showin cylinders and pistons as described, adapted to a. horizontal engine made in accordance with this invention. The left hand set of cylinders show a section on AA, and the right hand cylin ders show a sect-ion on BB as Fig. 2. I

Fig. 2 is a. sectional plan on CC, and'DD of Fig. 1; the section on DD shows the pistons in full.

Fig. 3 is an end view of the cylinder block at E, Fig. 1

Great Britain August 10, 1925.

Fig. 4 is an end view of the cylinder block at F, Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a section through gud geon-pin and pistons, showing the alternative method of using two connecting rods.

Fig. 6 is an end view showing the combustion head in the alternative method of using two connecting rods. 7

Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which illustrate adouble-acting internalcombustion engine of the horizontal type. embodying two cylinder units opposed to each other; each cylinder block a has two bores b b and c c: the ends or faces of the cylinder blocks at a? and e are each machined to carry removable combustion heads 9 and f.

The face of the cylinder block at e is extended for mounting the crank chamber, this same face also forms oil joint for return of lubricant.

The combustion headsj, f are located be tween the casing in which is arranged the main crankshaft and the cylinder blocks a, the inner ends of the cylinders in which are closed by the said heads. This arrangement makes for compactness in the construction of the engine and also permits a ready access to the inner ends of the cylinder blocks and of the pistons therein by the removal of the heads.

The combustion space in head f is common to the two bores b and 0; and similarly the combustion space in head 9 is common .to bores Z) and 0. The combustion space in each of the heads 9 and f communicates with the bores in the cylinder, bloc-k through ports that are eachcontrolled by one set of valves only, thus assuring that at all times, and under all conditions, the pressure on each of the piston heads'which work unitedly shall be equal.

i The pistons m and n are twin-type having a head at each end, h, j and 70, Z. The pistons are packed or ringed at p, q, s, t. As thecon necting rod works in a separate chamber from the cylinders, the crankshaftcan be'otfset as shown at 1 and the additionalthrust iie shaft chamber a, the piston rings at s, and 26, being arranged to cut off the oil at a suitable point.

lNhen the pistonmoves onthe out-stroke, the rings a sweep the oil up the cylinder. When the piston moves on the instroke the oil isreturned by the rings at p, and passes out of the cylinder by the slotor passage to.

The flow of oil is alsothe means of cooling the piston skirt.

The oil now flows back to the crank-chamberorthe-like via the duct m," a battle can be fixed at y so that the oil isdelayed.

.The duct 00 is so arranged that the cooling wwateriis admitted to circulate about the cylinders from an adjac nt chamber through a port 2; thusithe temperature of the .oil is reduced beforeit returns to the crank-chamber.

The gudgeon pin marked a is hollow pin of the .fully floating type. This may also be .arrangedas a semi-floatingpin, in which case it would be fixed in the connecting rod, and floating in the pistons. The fully floating pin would be keptin position by a spring ring or any other method :usuallyemployed for this purpose.

The cylindersare arranged with slots orspaces 6 in the inner walls, so that the gudgeon pincan reciprocate carrying both pistonsm and it. These slots or spaces are arranged to give clearance to the gudgeon- .pin, .and connecting rod small end. The cylindersalso have slots or spaces 0 in the outer walls, so that by removing covers (Z and e thegudgeon-pin may be dismounted. Thus by dismounting the gudgeon-pin, and removing the detachable head, the pistons may be withdrawn, without disturbing any other part-of the engine.

Referring to Fig. 3 this illustrates the end .view of the cylinder block a, and shows the combustion head 7". which isshaped at f to allow passage of the connecting; rod. The connecting rod reciprocates in the chamber between the cylinders open to the crank- ,chamber. The opening to the crank-chamber .is shown marked 9 thispassage or opening is enlarged at the bottom, to allow the small end of the connecting rod to pass when -mounting ordismounted.

The openings of the oil returns (ducts m) are shown marked 71.2. The passage or space y is arranged for mounting driving mechanism .to thecameshaft.

Fig.4 shows the combustion head 9.

['The water inlet port 70 receives the cooling water for the cylinders, which as describedis adjacent to the oil return ducts, the water then passes up round the cylinders, and

returns to the cooling system via a port in each combustion head. The cam shaft n Fig. l'is mounted in a chamber integral with cylinder block, and operates valves m Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 which illustrate an alternative method; one connecting rod at each end or 'udgeon pin. 1 are connecting rods, 2 are the pistons, 3 the combustion head, 4 the passages or spaces in which the connecting rods reciprocate, and 5 the openings of the oil return ducts.

Claims: i

1. In a doubleacting internal combustion engine, cylinders constructed in iairs with detachable cylinder-hcads at each end, a combustion chamber common to two cylinder bores formed in each head, pistons connected in pairs upon a common gudgeon pin and operating in unison within said cylinders, and means for obtaining access to said grid geon pin for removal thereof.

2. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, cylinders cast in pairs, a casing in which is arranged the crank shaft of the engine located between the two pairs of cylinders, detachable heads at each end of said cylinders, the heads at the inner ends of the cylinders being between the cylinders and the crank sha'tt casing, a combustion chamber in each head common to two cylinder bores, and pistons mounted in pairs freely upon one gudgeon pin so as to reciprocate in unison, there being passages in the inner and outer walls of the cylinders for permitting removal of the gudgeon pin.

3. In a double acting internal combustion engine, cylinders constructed in pairs, detachable heads at each cylinder end, a combustion chamber in each head common to two cylin-' der's, pistons mounted in pairs upon a common gudgeon pin and operating unitedly in pairs, meansor" access to said gudgeon pins from the exterior of the cylinders, a single connecting rod, and a chamber between each pair oi cylinder bores in which the connecting rod operates. J

4:. In a double-acting internal combustion engine, cylinders in which move double-ended pistons, crank casing located intermediate the said cylinders, and detachable cylinder heads in which are formed combustion chambers closing the opposite ends'o'i' the cylinders, the heads at the innerends of the cylinders being between the latter and the crank casing and each bodily removable to open the inner ends of the cylinders and expose the pistons therein at then inner ends.

iinnnaroannnna aren't

Images